考前押题04 选词填空6大常考话题（期中专项训练）高二英语下学期沪教版

考前押题04 选词填空6大常考话题 话题1 生活与学习 话题4 历史、社会与文化 话题2 做人与做事 话题5 科学与技术 话题3 文学、艺术与体育 话题6 人与自然 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 话题1 生活与学习 Passage 1 （24-25高二下·上海闵行·期中）Directions: In this section, fill the blanks using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．complex    B．demands    C． falsely    D．extensive    E. head-on    F. promising    G. topic    H. transfer    I. shape    J. accurately    K. self-fulfilling Writing as a Skill A realistic attitude about writing must build on the idea that writing is a skill, not a “natural gift”. Like any skill, it can be learned as long as you have the determination to learn, and give yourself 1 practice. People often fear that they are the only ones for whom writing is unbearably difficult. Such people typically say, “I am not any good at writing.” Often, the result of this attitude is that people try to avoid writing. It becomes a(n) 2 prediction: their writing fails chiefly because they have brainwashed themselves into believing they don’t have the “natural talent”. Many people find it difficult to do the intense, active thinking that clear writing 3 . It is frustrating to discover how much of a challenge it is to 4 thoughts and feelings from one’s hand onto the page. But writing is not an automatic process. For almost everyone, competent writing comes from plain hard work-determination, sweat, and 5 battle. Additionally, many people 6 believe that writing should flow in a straight line from the writer’s head onto the written page. But a finished paper seldom comes out in the first draft. The truth is writing is a process of discovery involving a series of steps, which are very often a zigzag journey. For example, Diane Woods had been assigned to write about an annoyance in everyday life. She did not know what specific annoyances she would choose; instead, she just began writing about them in general. One of those annoyances was traffic, which seemed 7 , so she began putting down details that came to her. One detail was the traffic she had to deal with in going to the movies. That made her think of the traffic in the parking lot at the theater 8 . At that point, it dawned on her that, instead of traffic, moviegoing itself was an annoyance. She switched direction in midstream and began writing down ideas and details about moviegoing. The point is writing is often a process of continuing discovery. You may be working on a(n) 9 sentence and realize suddenly that it could be your concluding thought. Writers frequently do not know their exact destination as they begin to write. Very often they discover the direction and 10 of a paper during the process of writing. Passage 2 （23-24高二下·上海·期中）Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．moderation  B．subjects  C． snacked  D．stimulant  E. conflicting F. intense   G. prompt  H. depending  I. commercial  J. focused  K. presented     Does Watching TV Make You Hungrier? Sitting down in front of the television with a meal or snack after a long day is a very popular recreational pastime. And thanks to streaming services that play every episode of a television series automatically, some viewers aren’t even burning the few calories it might take to reach for the remote. According to the Cleveland Clinic, television isn’t so much an appetite 1 as it is an appetite distraction. When we watch TV, we’re engaged in the program, which means we’re paying less attention to the cues that tell us we’re getting full. Instead of taking note of how we’re eating, we’re engaged in somewhat passive consumption. In 2015, a study published in The International Journal of Communication and Health surveyed 591 undergraduates at the University of Houston. It showed that the more students watched, the more they 2 . The study also found evidence that increased television viewing was associated with a “fatalistic”(宿命论的)view of healthy food intake and poor nutritional knowledge. One reason could be that excessive television viewing of news, entertainment, and advertising sends 3 messages about food. A news program might tell you to eat more fruit while a(n) 4 might tell you to eat more cold cereal. Combining television and snacking also creates a cognitive association in your brain that may 5 you to consider the two activities interconnected. In other words, you might reach for some pizza or chips not because you’re all that hungry, but because you’ve come to identify television with eating. You might even eat more 6 on the length of a program. If you’re watching Friends, a half-hour sitcom, you might eat less than if you were watching a super-sized episode of a drama like Mad Men. That’s not to say the content of a program isn’t influential. In 2013, a study in the journal Appetite looked at a group of eighty 7 , half of whom were told to watch a cooking program and half who were told to watch a nature show. Both groups were 8 with equal amounts of chocolate-covered candies, cheese curls and carrots. Researchers found that viewers of the cooking show tended to eat more chocolate-covered candies than the nature show viewers. So is snacking while watching television that bad? Like most things, it’s reasonable in 9 . Eating meals away from the TV can encourage mindful eating, which directs your attention to the food in front of you. You’ll be able to pick up on satiety(饱腹感)cues when you’re not fully 10 on your screen. Better yet, you won’t have to struggle to hear your favorite show over all that chewing. Passage 3 （24-25高二下·上海·期末）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Not e that there is one word more than you need. A．estimate     B．universally    C． evolved    D．adopted    E. converted F. extended    G. fascinate    H. incredible    I. superior   J. footprint   K. cheer Words, words, words We use hundreds, maybe even thousands of different words every day. Many of them have been part of our vocabulary since early childhood, but the words that 1 us are the other ones, the ones that didn’t even exit a few years ago. As the world changes, the vocabulary that people use moves on too. In fact, experts 2 that at least 4,000 new English words are coined every year. Have you ever stopped to wonder where they come from and why they have the meanings that they do? It's no surprise that some of the new words come from another language, but you would be amazed to find out that Modern English, which has 3 from Old English, has taken about 80% of its vocabulary from other sources: mostly from French and Latin, but also from an 4 350 other languages. Some of these loanwords are used because there is no existing word in English to cover the meaning. In Britain, people now eat Chinese dim sum and the Greek dish kleftiko, and blow a South African vuvuzela to 5 on a football team. Other words are 6 even when there’s an existing English alternative, because the foreign word sounds 7 or more clever and elegant in some way. People think Italian coffee tastes better than the coffee traditionally drunk in Britain, so they often use the Italian word americano to order a black coffee in a café. Whenever we switch on a computer or mobile, we do things that were unheard of a few decades ago. Sometimes, the new language that we need for technology evolves by giving new meanings to old words. Hack used to mean cut or kick and this usage carries on today. But as the Internet developed, the use of the word was 8 to the metaphorical meaning “access someone else’s computer illegally”. This new meaning is now so 9 accepted that no one today thinks of it as a metaphor. There are also new compounds of existing words, for example. cloud computing (computer resources delivered over the Internet) and digital 10 (the record left on the Internet of all your online so activity). And then there are those useful things, prefixes. Instead of receiving an old-fashioned card bought in a shop and sent in the mail, you might now receive an e-card bought in an e-shop and sent by email. 话题2 做人与做事 Passage 1 （24-25高二下·上海闵行·期中）Directions: complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one more word than you need. A．empathy B．absence C． involve D．closeness E. constant F. counter G. demands H. deserves I. exposed J. sympathy K. rooted A Bit of Outside Help If you haven’t experienced a significant loss in your life, then you are one of the lucky ones. If you have, then you probably already know how it feels like losing your mind. In her extensive grief research, Mary O’ Connor explains that when we experience a profound loss, our brains have to begin a very long process of rewiring all of the pathways and predictions they made based on a loved one’s presence, gradually switching over to an understanding of their 1 . It can take years for our bodies to make sense of the loss as we deal with 2 yearning (想念) while adapting to a new way of life. And it isn’t just our brain chemistry turned upside down, but our whole bodies too. Research shows that grief increases our heart rate and blood pressure, makes us more prone to heart attacks, raises the risk for other chronic diseases like diabetes and 3 to our loved ones is protective against all sorts of external stresses in everyday life. But when they are gone, we are more likely to feel 4 to what life throws at us, causing a flood of stress hormones that affect our immune system. This should encourage us to give our grief the space and support it 5 rather than shutting it away and avoiding it. Too often, we don’t know how to talk about grief, how to support the bodies of those grieving or how to show 6 for ourselves and each other. In many ways, the idea that grief progresses in stages towards an endpoint is deeply 7 . In reality, grief moves in cycles and is never “done”. In the shifting landscape of grief, what we need is solid ground on which to learn how to function anew without intrusion (侵入) from the 8 or our busy, indoor life. Time outside promotes mindfulness, allowing the griever to 9 themselves in the calming sense of nature. Getting outside often dials down the feelings of despair that grief ramps up, even if just for a short while. There isn’t yet much research on nature-based support for grieving people specifically, but there is a lot of research on the physiological benefits of connecting with nature that can usefully 10 many of the impacts of grief. Time outside lowers our blood pressure and the production of stress hormones, and decreases the risk of heart disease. Passage 2 （24-25高二下·上海闵行·期中）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．challenging  B．costly  C． exclusion  D．guaranteed  E. necessarily  F. performed   G. scale  H. similarly  I. suffering  J. tracked  K. centers Is more happiness always better than less? The researchers asked college students to rate their feelings on a   1 from “unhappy” to “very happy” and compared the results with academic and social outcomes. Though the “very happy” participants had the best social lives, they 2 worse in school than those who were merely “happy”. The researchers then examined a data set from another study that rated college freshman’s “cheerfulness” and 3 their income nearly two decades later. They found that the most cheerful were not the highest earners. That distinction once again went to the second-highest group, which rated their cheerfulness as “above average”. As with everything in life, happiness has its trade-offs. Pursuing happiness to the 4 of other goals — known as psychological hedonism (享乐主义) — not only is in vain, but may also give you a life where you do not reach your full potential, where you are unwilling to take risks, where you choose temporary pleasures over 5 experiences that give life meaning. The way to understand the study above is not to deny that happiness is good; rather, it is to remember that a little bit of unhappiness has benefits. When I talk with people about their fear of negative outcomes in life, their true source of fear, in many cases, 6 on how they will feel about having failed, not about the consequences of failure itself. This is similar to the way discomfort with uncertainty causes more anxiety than 7 bad news. To avoid these bad feelings, people give up all kinds of opportunities that involve the possibility of failure. However, bringing good things into your life, whether love or career success, usually involves risk. Risk does not, of course, 8 make us happy. A risky life will very likely bring disappointment, but it can bring greater rewards than a life played safe, as the studies suggested. None of this is to say that we are foolish for wanting to be happy. On the contrary, the desire for happiness is natural and normal. However, making the quest for positive feelings your highest or only goal is a 9 life strategy. Endless happiness is impossible to achieve, and doing so sacrifices many of the elements of a good life. As the Canadian-American psychologist Paul Bloom wrote, “It’s the 10 we choose that affords the most opportunity for pleasure, meaning, and personal growth.” Passage 3 （23-24高二下·上海闵行·期中）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．silence  B．grouping  C． matter  D．implication E. consequences F. mental  G. solution  H. immediate  I. worthwhile  J. regaining  K. satisfy Research shows that when we are absorbed in an activity, even minor distractions can have a huge effect. According to a study, 1 our initial drive (动力) following an interruption can take about 20 minutes. Multitasking, as many studies have shown, is a myth (谬论). A more accurate account of what happens when we tell ourselves we are multitasking is that we’re rapidly switching between activities, sucking our mental energy. And the 2 can be surprisingly serious. An experiment found that we lose as many as 10 IQ points when we allow our work to be interrupted by distractions like emails and text messages. The trouble is that multitasking is enjoyable. It’s fun to 3 your curiosity. Who knows who send the next email or text message and what the content might be? Finding out provides 4 satisfaction. In contrast, resisting distractions and staying on task requires discipline and 5 effort. So, what are we to do? Our strategy is to change the environment to move temptation further away: shut down your email program or 6 your phone. It’s a lot easier to stay on task when you’re not continuously fighting off mental desires. Another 7 method is to collect similar activities together, keeping transition time to a minimum point. Instead of spreading phone calls, meetings and emails throughout your day, try 8 related tasks so that there are fewer transitions. In some jobs, multitasking is unavoidable. Some of us truly do need to keep constant connection with our clients, colleagues and managers. So it’s worth noting that limiting disruptions is the only 9 . Remember, the more you do to minimize task-switching over the course of the day, the more ability you’ll have for activities that actually 10 . Even small changes can make a big difference. 话题3 文学、艺术与体育 Passage 1 （24-25高二下·上海静安·期中）Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once.Note that there is one word more than you need. A．bonds        B．feature        C． distinctly        D．dedicated        E. awakenıng        F. twist G. standout    H. perceive    I. evolving        J. determined        K. strikingly Tan Dun, a renowned composer, is celebrated for blending ancient traditions with modern creativity. Nurtured in a Hunan village, Tan’s artistic 1 stemmed from Ghost Opera-a ritual heritage blending Taoism, Buddhism, and nature worship. His childhood dream to become a shaman who could “ 2 the wind’s whispers and decode stone-leaf dialogues” shaped his artistic vision through spiritual 3 to the natural world. A life-changing moment came at age 16 when Tan heard a symphony. The emotional power of Beethoven’s Fifth Symphony by the Philadelphia Orchestra deeply moved him. 4 to master this art form, he studied at China’s Central Conservatory of Music and later in New York. Two decades later, he was invited to work with the Philadelphia Orchestra, bringing his journey full circle. Tan’s music often draws on the sounds of nature. One of his 5 works, The Map, features unconventional instruments such as water bowls, stones, and rice paper. In Passacaglia: Secret of Wind and Birds, Tan seamlessly blends the sounds of wind and birds with orchestral instruments. This creates a rich experience that evokes the dynamic interplay between humans and the natural world. Tan is also 6 to preserving China’s musical heritage. Folk music and cultural elements 7 in many of his works. He has also brought a modern 8 ” to ancient instruments, like the suona. In 2017, Tan reimagined Hundreds of Birds Paying Homage to Phoenix for orchestra, performing it in Sydney with suona player Liu Wenwen. This fusion (融合) of Chinese and Western music captivated global audiences. In 2024, Tan paid tribute to (向…致敬) Beethoven with Choral Concerto: Nine in Bonn. Blending Schiller’s “Ode to Joy” with Chinese poetry by Qu Yuan and Li Bai, it explorers universal brotherhood and man-nature harmony, echoing Beethoven’s Ninth Symphony while presenting a(n) 9 Eastern perspective For Tan, music is a(n) 10 force, much like a river flowing through time. His works honor past traditions while embracing modern innovations, bridging the past with the future. As he says, “The world is one home,” and music, with its power to unite, connects people across cultures and generations. Passage 2 （23-24高二下·上海·期中）Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．approach   B．bare   C． consistent   D．covered   AB．economies AC． hit   AD．record   BC． set   BD．stormed   CD．tough ABC． updates The weather has been so warm, and snow so scarce, that Windham Mountain Resort in the Catskills opened its chairlifts to mountain bikers last weekend instead of skiers. Ski resorts and their fans in the Northeast are hoping for a much better January. It has been a(n) 1 season. Judging by listings on Sno-country.com, which provides 2 on the slopes, roughly half of the ski areas in the Northeast haven’t opened yet for skiers but aimed to do so soon. Snow making equipment needs temperatures in the high 20s or below. At Windham, eight trails out of 54 had enough snow to open on Friday, but Chip Seamans, general manager at Windham, predicted many more will be 3 next weekend. “It looks like finally tonight and tomorrow and into next week we’ll get some 4 snowfalls so we’e very excited,” Mr. Seamans said. Last month was the warmest December on 5 in Central Park, according to the National Weather Service. It said last month the average daily temperature in New York City 6 50.8 degrees, which is 13.3 degrees warmer than normal. Last month beat the previous December record of 44.1 degrees, 7 in 2001. Tyler Fairbank, chief executive of the Fairbank Group, said the ski industry overall typically did 20% to 25% of its business over the Christmas holidays so the 8 slopes had a terrible impact. It also hurt hotels, equipment stores and local 9 . Mr. Fairbank said about 25% to 30% of the slopes were open at his group’s mountains and he expected that to rise to 70% in a week. The National Weather Service predicted Friday’s late night lows would range from the mid-20s inland to the lower 30s for New York City. It said a cold front would 10 Sunday evening, with the chilliest air of the season thus far coming on Monday. Passage 3 （23-24高二上·上海·期中）Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is two word more than you need. A．matched  B．accessible  C． fingertips  D．afford  E. purest  F. secure G. display  H. partnerless  I. strengthened  J. blankest K. stream L. officially Most people get sweaty palms just staring at EI Capitan, a breathtaking rock formation in Yosemite National Park, California. Alex Honnold’s stayed dry. And this June, he managed to climb the 900-meter vertical wall, pulling on edges barely big enough for 1 . Honnold could not 2 any slips. That’s because he carried nothing other than a bag of gymnasts’ chalk, to keep his fingers free of moisture. There was no rope to 3 him if he fell. After a four-hour 4 of power and precision, the 31-year-old safely challenged himself. EI Capitan had been climbed 5 before, including by Honnold, but never in the way he has. In 2011, an American TV show about his earlier “free solos” drew seventeen million viewers. In climbing, “free” means using nothing but rocks for support. “ Solo” means free of protection. It is the sport at its 6 . In Yosemite, the birthplace of American climbing, Hannold has reached its peak. Praise from fellow climbers was 7 only by relief at his safe return. The achievement marks the latest in a series of milestones for sport climbing. In 2015, two other American Tommy Caldwell and Kevin Jorgeson, established a route up the Dawn Wall, EI Capitan’s 8 part, after years of attempts. They made the front page of the New York Times and got congratulations from Barack Obama for the achievement. Last year, sport climbing was 9 accepted into the Olympic program for Tokyo 2020. These have strengthened climbing’s position in the sporting circle in America and elsewhere. Google has invited Jorgeson to give a motivational talk to its employees. Climbing gyms have appeared around the globe over the past decade, making the event safer and more 10 to ordinary people. The gyms have been popular among youngsters, who pay more attentions to exercises than to belongings. 话题4 历史、社会与文化 Passage 1 （24-25高二下·上海·期中）Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．automatically    B．bubble    C． counting     D．glances    E. hooked    F. indirectly G. measuring    H. practices     I. universal    J. unique    K viral Morning Routines: Why We Can’t Look Away Everyone has a morning routine, but yours likely doesn’t start before 4 a. m. or include spending hours drinking fancy water or jumping into a rooftop pool. Still, you might be one of the millions who watched the 1 video of a fitness trainer’s well-crafted morning routine, now with over 741 million views on the social media. While many have assumed the video is marketing for a certain product, it’s understandable to be fascinated by 2 at other people’s habits. “For better or for worse, it is in our nature to compare ourselves to others,” says Raphael Wald. “It is difficult for us as people to appreciate our successes without using others as a 3 tape.” Many competing feelings can arise during social comparison: Envy, admiration, motivation and fear of missing out. But often, shame and inadequacy 4 up to the top. The video is the latest in a series of morning habits shared on social media, all gaining millions of views. This fascination with others’ routines is nothing new. People have been 5 on how famous, successful figures spend their mornings for centuries. Benjamin Franklin wrote about his morning routine in his autobiography in the late 1700s, describing how he woke up at 5 a.m., set intentions for the day, read, and studied. In his 1854 book Walden, Henry David Thoreau discussed going for a swim during the “awakening hour.” These old-fashioned 6 have even aroused interest now; people in the present day are posting about their experiences trying, for instance, “The daily routine of the original Benjamin Franklin.” Mornings are a “ 7 ” experience, says Ben Bernstein. Everyone wakes up, gets dressed, and usually eats breakfast. Then, they go about their day, which is more 8 . “There’s a moment in time where people are doing similar things,” he says. It can feel predictable, so it’s often appealing to see how others spend that time. “We’re actually kind of living 9 through that person: If we have a routine and we follow these steps, then life can be smooth and free of stress,” Bernstein says. Research shows that morning routines can ease stress and increase energy. But routines should be tailored to your needs and lifestyle, says Dr. Alex Dimitriu. There’s no “secret sauce” for morning habits that will 10 help you become like someone you admire. Videos may be fun to watch, but Dimitriu urges taking them with “a grain of salt.” Passage 2 （24-25高二下·上海·期中）Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．endured B．strong C． operating D．inspired E. facility F. stand G. orderly H. originally I. performing J. decade K. violence Denis Mukwege never intended to become Dr. Miracle, an award-winning gynecologist (妇科医生). He grew up in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) as a priest’s kid. In fact, it was visiting the sick with his father that 1 him to become a doctor in the first place. The country has 2 more than two decades of conflict, and Congolese women have suffered worst. Warring for control of the country’s gold and precious mineral deposits, rebel groups are cruelly attacking the region’s women. During the last 3 the DRC has actually been described as “the rape (强暴) capital of the world”. One study found that 48 women are raped every hour in the country. One man stands 4 against this hurt, and has done so for more than 20 years. He first set up the Panzi hospital — 5 made of tents — in 1998. After losing the hospital the same year in the crossfire of the Second Congo War, Mukwege rebuilt the following year. Since then, Panzi hospital has grown to become a major health 6 . There, Mukwege reportedly cares for more than 3,500 women a year, sometimes 7 as many as 10 operations a day. Last year while 8 in the hospital, Mukwege heard the news that he, along with Nadia Murad, had been awarded the 2018 Nobel Peace Prize. The prize centers on acknowledging “their efforts to end the use of sexual violence as a weapon of war.” He, a doctor, and she an Iraqi human rights activist who suffered in the same way that so many of Mukwege’s patients have, should inspire everyone to take a(n) 9 for peace. For Mukwege, “When I see how strong women are, all my motivation comes from them.” Winning the Peace Prize could be the first step toward an end to 10 against women. Passage 3 （24-25高二下·上海·期中）Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．channel    B．exaggerate    C． comparison    D．upbeat    E. bottling up F. rolled out    G. recycled    H. project    I. sanity    J. integrating    K. embark on The Power of Sustainable Living and Mental Wellness In recent years, the global push toward sustainability has made eco-friendly practices more mainstream. One notable trend is the increasing use of 1 materials in industries ranging from fashion to construction. Designers now create stylish furniture from reclaimed wood, while major brands produce sneakers using ocean plastics. This shift not only reduces waste but also raises public awareness about environmental responsibility. At the same time, mental health awareness has grown significantly. Experts emphasize the importance of staying 2 despite life’s challenges. Social media, however, presents a double-edged sword. While platforms can inspire positivity, they also fuel unrealistic 3 . Some reality shows, designed to keep you glued to the screen, often 4 results—whether it’s weight loss transformations or instant career success. Such portrayals can distort expectations, leading to frustration and self-doubt among viewers. To combat these issues, psychologists recommend proactive strategies. Instead of 5 emotions, individuals should 6 energies into outlets like sports, painting, or journaling. Physical activity, for instance, releases endorphins that naturally elevate mood. Schools and workplaces are also adopting measures to support mental well-being. A government-backed mental health initiative is set to be 7 across the country next year, offering free counseling sessions and stress-management workshops. Parents play a crucial role in this ecosystem. Therapists warn against the tendency to 8 your own anxieties onto children, such as pressuring them to excel academically because of personal unfulfilled ambitions. Open communication and empathy are key to fostering resilience. For those feeling overwhelmed, simple practices like mindfulness or unplugging from digital devices can help restore one’s 9 . Ultimately, sustainability and mental wellness share a common thread: small, consistent actions lead to meaningful change. Whether it’s choosing a reusable water bottle or practicing gratitude daily, these habits serve as the building block for a healthier, more balanced life. As society continues to evolve, 10 environmental consciousness with emotional well-being will be essential for future generations. 话题5 科学与技术 Passage 1 （24-25高二下·上海嘉定·期中）Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．actions   B．choosing   C． exercising   D．grounded   E. intentional   F. modest G. passengers   H. predictive   I. separating   J. thoughts   K. weighing Free Will Under the Scanner One night, while lying awake, I found myself turning over different ways to begin an essay. I imagined sentence after sentence, 1 how each might flow into the next. All the while, neurons (神经元) were quietly firing in my brain. That neural activity helps explain why I had those 2 — but does it also mean I had no choice in the matter? Some scientists believe so. A number of influential studies suggest that our brains launch 3 before we are aware of making a decision. In the 1980s, Benjamin Libet found that electrical signals in the brain — so-called readiness potentials — appear before people report choosing to move. More recent studies have found similar results, sometimes detecting 4 brain activity several seconds in advance. These findings have led some researchers to conclude that free will doesn’t exist — that the brain, not the mind, determines what we do. Neuroscientist John-Dylan Haynes, for instance, has argued that our decisions are “predetermined,” and that the brain is “making the decision before the person.” Philosopher and biologist Jerry Coyne goes further, claiming that none of our choices result from 5 reflection at all. But do these experiments really show that we are mere 6 , watching decisions unfold from the backseat? Not quite. The tasks involved in these studies, like 7 between two buttons, are simple. They do not reflect the kind of thoughtful planning we engage in every day. Moreover, the power of early brain signals is 8 at best. In many cases, it’s only slightly more accurate than a coin flip (抛硬币). Other research shows that conscious (有意识的) thought does matter. Forming specific intentions, reflecting on goals, and 9 self-control can significantly influence our actions. These processes, though 10 in the brain, are central to what we understand as free will. Passage 2 （24-25高二下·上海浦东新·期中）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．associated    B．capacity    C． closeness    D．coined    E. contradictory    F. enhance G. landscape    H. limit    I. relevance    J. sacred    K. tight-knit Social Overload: Do You Have Too Many Friends? In terms of human connection, Dunbar’s number has long been a guiding principle. Traditionally set at around 150 connections, this concept, 1 by Robin Dunbar, finds its roots in the evolutionary development of the human brain. Yet, as we navigate the vast 2 of the digital age, our social connections extend far beyond geographical boundaries. Then questions arise: Does Dunbar’s number still maintain its 3 , or does the digital era rewrite the rules of social connectivity? Dunbar’s number, a product of cognitive evolution, reflects the limited 4 of our brains to manage social ties. Its presence in various societies, from 5 tribes to expansive social structures, highlights its university. It seems that the brain imposes a natural 6 on the depth and breadth of our social circles. However, as we step into the digital world, the dynamics of social connection undergo a great transformation. A study published in Cybergychology. Behavior. and Social Networking explored the effect of social media usage on the size of social circles and the 7 of relationships. The researchers found that more time spent on social media made for a larger number of online “friends,” but not a larger amount of offline friends. Further, these findings were not 8 with feelings of closeness towards online or offline friends. On the one hand, these platforms 9 our ability to connect with a large and diverse types of individuals. On the other hand, it is unclear whether the quantity of connections weakens the quality of our relationships. Do these loose connections provide a sense of social support? Or do they contribute to the 10 feelings of social overload and isolation that have become increasingly common in the digital age? Social media platforms, with their global reach, redefine the boundaries of social circles. The ability to connect with individuals across continents challenges the very essence of Dunbar’s number. Passage 3 （24-25高二下·上海·期中）Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．identified    B．interpretation    C． detect   D．application    E. regional    F. confused     G. relation      H. exist       I. follow       J. commercial       K. impact Recently, British university researchers said that a computer programme can help Asian students to deal with 1 English accents which are difficult to understand. This is good news for students who get 2 by different English accents. Computer scientists at Nottingham University said that some Asian students in Britain find it difficult to understand the range of different English accents. Among native English speakers, many different accents 3 . Some accents are easily 4 by certain characteristics. But more variations can be difficult to understand. Difficulties can be experienced in the process of differentiating sounds at the end of spoken English words, like rope versus robe, and at the start, like tin versus thin. This can make continuous speech difficult to 5 , as misunderstanding a single word can significantly change the whole 6 of a sentence. It would be useful to have something that would make it easier for foreign students to understand different English accents. The researchers’ Spoken English Discrimination (SED) training programme can train Chinese speakers in how to 7 differences in speech sounds in difficult conditions, such as accented speech or in situations in which there are a number of sounds in the background, a university release reported. “Our findings have shown that SED training programme really does have a significant 8 on enabling Asian students to differentiate between sounds,” researcher Nicola Pitchford said. “There is 9 potential for SED．There has already been interest in the programme, from government organizations, through to a major Chinese mobile phone company who is interested in developing it into an educational phone 10 .” 话题6人与自然 Passage 1 （24-25高二下·上海嘉定·期中）Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．adventures  B．companions  C． lighting  D．gentle  E. inspiring F. isolated  G. patterns  H. surrounded  I. warmth  J. natural  K. welcoming A Writer’s Home Every year, Ava MacKinnon, who writes about nature and the environment, looks forward to spending time in her home in the Scottish Highlands. It’s a special spot where she feels at peace, 1 by nature’s beauty. Her little cottage near Loch Affric isn’t just a place to stay; it’s where her heart feels most at home, away from the noise and rush of cities. It’s her perfect spot for writing. In this quiet part of the world, Ava wakes up to the cheerful music of the birds and the 2 light of the morning sun streaming in. She writes her stories on an old, reliable typewriter. Everything she sees around her, from the local wildlife to the delicate 3 made by frost on the glass, captures her imagination and becomes part of her writing. For Ava, 4 and stories don’t require a long journey. They are right outside her door, in the forest, by the lake, and in the mountains. She takes these experiences and weaves them into her work, helping others see the beauty and importance of the 5 world. In the afternoons, Ava often goes for walks. The quiet paths by the lake and the rustling (沙沙作响的) leaves are like friends, sharing their secrets and 6 her next piece. This connection to nature is what makes her writing so special. When the day starts to fade, Ava finds 7 and comfort in her cottage. The fire and the taste of hot tea are her evening 8 . She reflects on the day’s writing and gathers her thoughts for the next day. Although she enjoys being alone, she doesn’t feel 9 . The local community is friendly and 10 , and their histories enrich her own stories, adding a sense of time to her environmental messages. Passage 2 （23-24高二下·上海黄浦·期中）Directions: After reading the passage below, fil in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can be used only once. Nore that there is one more word than you need. A．approached     B．claims        C． cover     D．crises      E. hardly     F left G. occurrence     H. reluctantly     I. spill       J. stricken     K. warnings THE WILSONS RIVER broke its banks on the night of February 27th while Lismore, a town of around 30, 000 in New South Wales, was sleeping. Its residents slept through early-hours emergency 1 that “risk to life was approaching”. Within bours the town was submerged. Residents scrambled into their attics. Mothers carried children onto rooftops. An army of locals launched tin boats into the floods to save them. Four people died. Eastern Australia has been 2 by what politicians call “once-in-1, 000-year” flooding. It has already had a rainy summer because of La Nia, a phenomenon which triggers downpours there. Brisbane, Queensland's capital, received almost 80% of its annual rainfall in less than a week in February, flooding 15, 000 homes. As the rain 3 northern New South Wales, it ripped up roads and drowned herds of cattle. Storms hit Sydney on March 8th, causing a dam to 4 over. Some 50, 000 people in the state have been forced to evacuate. Scientists are careful when blaming floods on global warming because everything from rainfall to urban development contributes to them. Whatever the cause, extreme weather is now a regular 5 in Australia. In 2019 and 2020 vast lands of the country were torched in bushfires which destroyed more than 3, 000 homes and killed 33 people. When disaster strikes, official aid is often slow to come. In 2019 the federal government set aside almost A$4bn ($2. 9bn) fora fund that would help it respond to 6 and relieve future ones. But it has spent 7 any of that money. It has now deployed the army and is dishing out cash to victims, but locals get angry that they were 8 for days without power or fuel as supplies of food and water shrank. A debate now continues about how or even whether places like Lismore should rebuild. Analysts think the floods might trigger insurance 9 worth more than A$3bn. Premiums (保险费) are already so high in disaster-prone towns that many locals can no longer afford 10 . “If we are going to start thinking every time there's a natural disaster that we have to give up and leave because it's too hard, then where are we going to live?” asks Lismore's mayor, Steve Krieg. That is becoming a question for ever more Australians. Passage 3 （24-25高二下·上海·期末）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．unrecognized B．consequently C．fiction D．advanced E．historically F．understanding G．identify H．picture I．unaffected J．long-standing K．breakthroughs A New Dark Age Possibility Imagine a future in which humanity’s wisdom about Earth — our vast experience with weather trends, fish migration patterns and much more — turns out-of-date. Civilization enters a dark age in its 1 of our planet. To comprehend, how this could occur, 2 yourself in our grandchildren’s time. Significant global warming has occurred, as scientists predicted. Nature’s 3 patterns — relied on for millennia by humanity to plan everything — are no longer so reliable. Cycles that have been largely repeatable are disrupted (打乱) by dramatic climate changes. As Earth’s warming becomes stable, new patterns begin to appear. At first, they are hard to 4 These new patterns need many years — sometimes decades — to reveal themselves fully. Until then, farmers will struggle to predict new seasonal patterns and regularly plant wrong crops. Early signs of major disasters will go 5 . Disruptive impacts will be widespread. Such a dark age is a growing possibility. In a recent report, scientists concluded that human-caused global warming was already changing patterns of some extreme weather events. Our foundation of Earth knowledge, largely obtained from 6 observed patterns, has been central to society’s progress. Early cultures kept track of nature’s ebb and flow (起伏盛衰), passing improved knowledge about Earth to each new generation. Science has sped up this process through 7 observation methods. However, as Earth warms, our historical understanding will turn out-of-date faster than we can replace it with new knowledge. Some patterns will change significantly; others will be largely 8 though it will be difficult to say what will change, by how much, and when. Without big scientific 9 , we will remain reliant on pattern-based methods. The problem is, these patterns will become increasingly difficult to track. Predicting extreme weather may become even tougher than it is today. We 10 will face huge challenges. Our grandchildren could grow up knowing less about the planet than we do today. This is not what we want to leave them, yet we are on the edge of ensuring this happens. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 考前押题04 选词填空6大常考话题 话题1 生活与学习 Passage 1：1.D 2.K 3.B 4.H 5.E 6.C 7.F 8.A 9.G 10.I Passage 2：1.D 2.C 3.E 4.I 5.G 6.H 7.B 8.K 9.A 10.J Passage 3：1.G 2.A 3.C 4.H 5.K 6.D 7.I 8.F 9.B 10.J 话题2 做人与做事 Passage 1：1.B 2.E 3.D 4.I 5.H 6.J 7.K 8.G 9.C 10.F Passage 2：1.G 2.F 3.J 4.C 5.A 6.K 7.D 8.B 9.E 10.I Passage 3：1.J 2.E 3.K 4.A 5.F 6.H 7.B 8.G 9.C 10.D 话题3 文学、艺术与体育 Passage 1：1.E 2.H 3.A 4.J 5.G 6.D 7.B 8.F 9.C 10.I Passage 2：1.CD 2.ABC 3.D 4.C 5.AD 6.AC 7.BC 8.B 9.AB 10.A Passage 3：1.C 2.D 3.F 4.G 5.H 6.E 7.A 8.J 9.L 10.B 话题4 历史、社会与文化 Passage 1：1.K 2.D 3.G 4.B 5.E 6.H 7.I 8.J 9.F 10.A Passage 2：1.D 2.A 3.J 4.B 5.H 6.E 7.I 8.C 9.F 10.K Passage 3：1.G 2.D 3.C 4.B 5.E 6.A 7.F 8.H 9.I 10.J 话题5 科学与技术 Passage 1：1.K 2.J 3.A 4.H 5.E 6.G 7.B 8.F 9.C 10.D Passage 2：1.D 2.G 3.I 4.B 5.K 6.H 7.C 8.A 9.F 10.E Passage 3：1.E 2.F 3.H 4.A 5.I 6.B 7.K 8.D 9.J 10.C 话题6 人与自然 Passage 1：1.H 2.D 3.G 4.A 5.J 6.E 7.I 8.B 9.F 10.K Passage 2：1.K 2.J 3.A 4.I 5.G 6.D 7.E 8.F 9.B 10.C Passage 3：1.F 2.H 3.J 4.G 5.A 6.E 7.D 8.I 9.K 10.B 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 考前押题04 选词填空6大常考话题 话题1 生活与学习 话题4 历史、社会与文化 话题2 做人与做事 话题5 科学与技术 话题3 文学、艺术与体育 话题6 人与自然 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 话题1 生活与学习 Passage 1 （24-25高二下·上海闵行·期中）Directions: In this section, fill the blanks using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．complex    B．demands    C． falsely    D．extensive    E. head-on    F. promising    G. topic    H. transfer    I. shape    J. accurately    K. self-fulfilling Writing as a Skill A realistic attitude about writing must build on the idea that writing is a skill, not a “natural gift”. Like any skill, it can be learned as long as you have the determination to learn, and give yourself 1 practice. People often fear that they are the only ones for whom writing is unbearably difficult. Such people typically say, “I am not any good at writing.” Often, the result of this attitude is that people try to avoid writing. It becomes a(n) 2 prediction: their writing fails chiefly because they have brainwashed themselves into believing they don’t have the “natural talent”. Many people find it difficult to do the intense, active thinking that clear writing 3 . It is frustrating to discover how much of a challenge it is to 4 thoughts and feelings from one’s hand onto the page. But writing is not an automatic process. For almost everyone, competent writing comes from plain hard work-determination, sweat, and 5 battle. Additionally, many people 6 believe that writing should flow in a straight line from the writer’s head onto the written page. But a finished paper seldom comes out in the first draft. The truth is writing is a process of discovery involving a series of steps, which are very often a zigzag journey. For example, Diane Woods had been assigned to write about an annoyance in everyday life. She did not know what specific annoyances she would choose; instead, she just began writing about them in general. One of those annoyances was traffic, which seemed 7 , so she began putting down details that came to her. One detail was the traffic she had to deal with in going to the movies. That made her think of the traffic in the parking lot at the theater 8 . At that point, it dawned on her that, instead of traffic, moviegoing itself was an annoyance. She switched direction in midstream and began writing down ideas and details about moviegoing. The point is writing is often a process of continuing discovery. You may be working on a(n) 9 sentence and realize suddenly that it could be your concluding thought. Writers frequently do not know their exact destination as they begin to write. Very often they discover the direction and 10 of a paper during the process of writing. 【答案】 1．D 2．K 3．B 4．H 5．E 6．C 7．F 8．A 9．G 10．I 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要阐述了写作是一种可以通过学习获得的技能，而非天赋。 1．考查形容词。句意：如同任何技能一样，只要你有决心去学习，并给自己大量的练习，写作技能是可以学会的。空处修饰名词practice ，需用形容词作定语，表示“大量的”应用形容词extensive。故选D。 2．考查形容词。句意：这变成了一种自我实现的预言：他们的写作失败主要是因为他们给自己洗脑，让自己相信自己没有“天赋”。空处修饰名词prediction，需用形容词作定语，表示“自我实现的”应用形容词self-fulfilling。故选K。 3．考查动词时态。句意：许多人发现，要进行清晰写作所要求的那种深入、积极的思考是很困难的。空处作谓语，表示“要求”应用demand，陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，主语为clear writing，谓语用第三人称单数形式。故选B。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：发现把思想和情感从脑海中转移到纸上是多么具有挑战性，这是令人沮丧的。it是形式主语，to是动词不定式符号，故此处用动词原形，表示“转移”应用动词transfer。故选H。 5．考查形容词。句意：对几乎所有人来说，出色的写作来自于纯粹的努力工作——决心、汗水和正面的努力。修饰名词battle，需用形容词作定语，表示“正面交锋的”应用形容词head-on。故选E。 6．考查副词。句意：此外，许多人错误地认为写作应该从作者的脑海中直接流畅地写到纸上。修饰动词believe需用副词作状语，表示“错误地”应用副词falsely。故选C。 7．考查形容词。句意：其中一个烦恼是交通问题，这似乎很有潜力，所以她开始写下想到的细节。空处作表语，需用形容词，表示“有希望的”应用promising。故选F。 8．考查名词。句意：这让她想到了电影院停车场复杂的交通情况。“theater complex”表示“综合影院”。故选A。 9．考查名词。句意：你可能正在写一个主题句，突然意识到它可能是你的总结性想法。空处修饰名词sentence，需用名词作定语，表示“主题”应用名词topic。故选G。 10．考查名词。句意：他们常常在写作过程中发现一篇文章的方向和形式。空处和direction并列，作宾语，需用名词，表示“形状”应用名词shape。故选I。 Passage 2 （23-24高二下·上海·期中）Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．moderation  B．subjects  C． snacked  D．stimulant  E. conflicting F. intense   G. prompt  H. depending  I. commercial  J. focused  K. presented     Does Watching TV Make You Hungrier? Sitting down in front of the television with a meal or snack after a long day is a very popular recreational pastime. And thanks to streaming services that play every episode of a television series automatically, some viewers aren’t even burning the few calories it might take to reach for the remote. According to the Cleveland Clinic, television isn’t so much an appetite 1 as it is an appetite distraction. When we watch TV, we’re engaged in the program, which means we’re paying less attention to the cues that tell us we’re getting full. Instead of taking note of how we’re eating, we’re engaged in somewhat passive consumption. In 2015, a study published in The International Journal of Communication and Health surveyed 591 undergraduates at the University of Houston. It showed that the more students watched, the more they 2 . The study also found evidence that increased television viewing was associated with a “fatalistic”(宿命论的)view of healthy food intake and poor nutritional knowledge. One reason could be that excessive television viewing of news, entertainment, and advertising sends 3 messages about food. A news program might tell you to eat more fruit while a(n) 4 might tell you to eat more cold cereal. Combining television and snacking also creates a cognitive association in your brain that may 5 you to consider the two activities interconnected. In other words, you might reach for some pizza or chips not because you’re all that hungry, but because you’ve come to identify television with eating. You might even eat more 6 on the length of a program. If you’re watching Friends, a half-hour sitcom, you might eat less than if you were watching a super-sized episode of a drama like Mad Men. That’s not to say the content of a program isn’t influential. In 2013, a study in the journal Appetite looked at a group of eighty 7 , half of whom were told to watch a cooking program and half who were told to watch a nature show. Both groups were 8 with equal amounts of chocolate-covered candies, cheese curls and carrots. Researchers found that viewers of the cooking show tended to eat more chocolate-covered candies than the nature show viewers. So is snacking while watching television that bad? Like most things, it’s reasonable in 9 . Eating meals away from the TV can encourage mindful eating, which directs your attention to the food in front of you. You’ll be able to pick up on satiety(饱腹感)cues when you’re not fully 10 on your screen. Better yet, you won’t have to struggle to hear your favorite show over all that chewing. 【答案】 1．D 2．C 3．E 4．I 5．G 6．H 7．B 8．K 9．A 10．J 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了研究表明，电视节目会影响我们的胃口。 1．考查名词。句意：根据克利夫兰诊所的说法，与其说电视是一种食欲刺激，不如说是一种食欲分散。分析句子可知，空前为冠词an，此处应为名词形式和appetite冠词名词短语，appetite stimulant“食欲刺激”为名词短语，符合句意。故选D项。 2．考查动词。句意：结果显示，学生看电视的时间越长，吃零食的次数就越多。分析句子可知，此处为谓语动词的填入，和空前的the more students watched形成呼应，snacked“吃零食”为动词，符合句意。故选C项。 3．考查形容词。句意：其中一个原因可能是过多的电视新闻、娱乐和广告传递了相互矛盾的关于食物的信息。分析句子可知，空后messages为名词，此处应为形容词作定语修饰该名词，conflicting“相互矛盾的”为形容词，符合句意。故选E项。 4．考查名词。句意：新闻节目可能会告诉你多吃水果，而广告可能会告诉你多吃冷麦片。分析句子可知，空后might tell为谓语动词，此处应为名词作句子的主语成分，commercial“电视广告”为名词，符合句意。故选I项。 5．考查动词。句意：把看电视和吃零食结合起来还会在你的大脑中产生一种认知联系，可能会促使你考虑这两种活动之间的联系。分析句子可知，此处为动词和空前的情态动词may构成句子谓语成分，prompt“促进”为动词，符合句意。故选G项。 6．考查固定短语。句意：你甚至可能会吃得更多，这取决于一个节目的长度。分析句子可知，此处为固定短语depending on“取决于”，满足句意要求。故选H项。 7．考查名词。句意：2013年，发表在《食欲》(Appetite)杂志上的一项研究对80名受试者进行了调查，其中一半人被要求观看烹饪节目，另一半人被要求观看自然节目。分析句子可知，空前为a group of eighty，此处应为名词复数形式，subjects“受试者”为名词，符合句意。故选B项。 8．考查动词短语。句意：两组都得到了等量的巧克力糖果、奶酪卷和胡萝卜。分析句子可知，此处为动词短语be presented with“被赠与，被提供”，满足句意要求。故选K项。 9．考查固定短语。句意：像大多数事情一样，它是适度合理的。分析句子可知，此处为固定短语in moderation“适度地”，满足句意要求。故选A项。 10．考查动词短语。句意：当你没有把注意力完全集中在屏幕上时，你就能捕捉到饱腹感。分析句子可知，此处为动词短语be focused on“集中在”，满足句意要求。故选J项。 Passage 3 （24-25高二下·上海·期末）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Not e that there is one word more than you need. A．estimate     B．universally    C． evolved    D．adopted    E. converted F. extended    G. fascinate    H. incredible    I. superior   J. footprint   K. cheer Words, words, words We use hundreds, maybe even thousands of different words every day. Many of them have been part of our vocabulary since early childhood, but the words that 1 us are the other ones, the ones that didn’t even exit a few years ago. As the world changes, the vocabulary that people use moves on too. In fact, experts 2 that at least 4,000 new English words are coined every year. Have you ever stopped to wonder where they come from and why they have the meanings that they do? It's no surprise that some of the new words come from another language, but you would be amazed to find out that Modern English, which has 3 from Old English, has taken about 80% of its vocabulary from other sources: mostly from French and Latin, but also from an 4 350 other languages. Some of these loanwords are used because there is no existing word in English to cover the meaning. In Britain, people now eat Chinese dim sum and the Greek dish kleftiko, and blow a South African vuvuzela to 5 on a football team. Other words are 6 even when there’s an existing English alternative, because the foreign word sounds 7 or more clever and elegant in some way. People think Italian coffee tastes better than the coffee traditionally drunk in Britain, so they often use the Italian word americano to order a black coffee in a café. Whenever we switch on a computer or mobile, we do things that were unheard of a few decades ago. Sometimes, the new language that we need for technology evolves by giving new meanings to old words. Hack used to mean cut or kick and this usage carries on today. But as the Internet developed, the use of the word was 8 to the metaphorical meaning “access someone else’s computer illegally”. This new meaning is now so 9 accepted that no one today thinks of it as a metaphor. There are also new compounds of existing words, for example. cloud computing (computer resources delivered over the Internet) and digital 10 (the record left on the Internet of all your online so activity). And then there are those useful things, prefixes. Instead of receiving an old-fashioned card bought in a shop and sent in the mail, you might now receive an e-card bought in an e-shop and sent by email. 【答案】 1．G 2．A 3．C 4．H 5．K 6．D 7．I 8．F 9．B 10．J 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述现代英语每年新增约4000词，80% 源于外来语，还通过旧词新义、复合词等方式演变，数字相关词汇常见。 1．考查动词。 句意：我们每天使用数百甚至数千个不同的单词。其中许多从童年早期就已成为我们词汇的一部分，但令我们着迷的是那些甚至在几年前还不存在的其他单词。分析句子可知，此空应填动词，作从句的谓语，且时态为一般现在时，主语“the words”为复数，所以动词用原形。fascinate，表“使着迷”，符合语境。故选G。 2．考查动词。 句意：事实上，专家估计每年至少创造4000个新英语单词。分析句子可知，此空应填动词，作主句的谓语，时态为一般现在时，主语experts为复数，动词用原形。estimate，表“估计”，符合语境。故选A。 3．考查动词。 句意：不足为奇的是，一些新单词来自另一种语言，但你会惊讶地发现，由古英语演变而来的现代英语，约 80% 的词汇来自其他来源，主要来自法语和拉丁语，但也来自令人难以置信的350种其他语言。分析句子可知，此空应填动词的过去分词，与has构成现在完成时。evolved，表“演变”，evolve from，为固定短语，意为“从……演变而来”，符合语境。故选C。 4．考查形容词。 句意：不足为奇的是，一些新单词来自另一种语言，但你会惊讶地发现，由古英语演变而来的现代英语，约 80%的词汇来自其他来源，主要来自法语和拉丁语，但也来自令人难以置信的350种其他语言。分析句子可知，此空应填形容词，修饰“350 other languages”。incredible，表“难以置信的”，符合语境。故选H。 5．考查动词。 句意：在英国，人们现在吃中国的点心和希腊的克利夫提科菜，还会吹南非的呜呜祖拉来为足球队加油。分析句子可知，此空应填动词，“to do”不定式表目的。cheer，表“欢呼，加油”，cheer on，为固定短语，意为“为…… 加油”，符合语境。故选K。 6．考查动词。 句意：即使有现有的英语替代词，其他单词也会被采用，因为外来词在某种程度上听起来更优越或更聪明优雅。分析句子可知，此空应填动词的过去分词，与are构成被动语态。adopted，表“采用”，符合语境。故选D。 7．考查形容词比较级。 句意：即使有现有的英语替代词，其他单词也会被采用，因为外来词在某种程度上听起来更优越或更聪明优雅。分析句子可知，此空应填形容词作表语，superior，表示“更优越的”，本身含有比较级意义，符合语境。故选I。 8．考查动词。 句意：但随着互联网的发展，这个词的使用被扩展到隐喻意义“非法访问他人的计算机”。分析句子可知，此空应填动词的过去分词，与“was”构成被动语态。extended，表“扩展”，符合语境。故选F。 9．考查副词。 句意：这个新含义现在被普遍接受，以至于今天没有人认为它是一个隐喻。分析句子可知，此空应填副词，修饰accepted。universally，表“普遍地”，符合语境。故选B。 10．考查名词。 句意：还有现有单词的新复合词，例如云计算（通过互联网提供的计算机资源）和数字足迹（你所有在线活动在互联网上留下的记录）。分析句子可知，此空应填名词，作digital的中心词。footprint，表“足迹”，digital footprint，为固定短语，意为“数字足迹”，符合语境。故选J。 话题2 做人与做事 Passage 1 （24-25高二下·上海闵行·期中）Directions: complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one more word than you need. A．empathy B．absence C． involve D．closeness E. constant F. counter G. demands H. deserves I. exposed J. sympathy K. rooted A Bit of Outside Help If you haven’t experienced a significant loss in your life, then you are one of the lucky ones. If you have, then you probably already know how it feels like losing your mind. In her extensive grief research, Mary O’ Connor explains that when we experience a profound loss, our brains have to begin a very long process of rewiring all of the pathways and predictions they made based on a loved one’s presence, gradually switching over to an understanding of their 1 . It can take years for our bodies to make sense of the loss as we deal with 2 yearning (想念) while adapting to a new way of life. And it isn’t just our brain chemistry turned upside down, but our whole bodies too. Research shows that grief increases our heart rate and blood pressure, makes us more prone to heart attacks, raises the risk for other chronic diseases like diabetes and 3 to our loved ones is protective against all sorts of external stresses in everyday life. But when they are gone, we are more likely to feel 4 to what life throws at us, causing a flood of stress hormones that affect our immune system. This should encourage us to give our grief the space and support it 5 rather than shutting it away and avoiding it. Too often, we don’t know how to talk about grief, how to support the bodies of those grieving or how to show 6 for ourselves and each other. In many ways, the idea that grief progresses in stages towards an endpoint is deeply 7 . In reality, grief moves in cycles and is never “done”. In the shifting landscape of grief, what we need is solid ground on which to learn how to function anew without intrusion (侵入) from the 8 or our busy, indoor life. Time outside promotes mindfulness, allowing the griever to 9 themselves in the calming sense of nature. Getting outside often dials down the feelings of despair that grief ramps up, even if just for a short while. There isn’t yet much research on nature-based support for grieving people specifically, but there is a lot of research on the physiological benefits of connecting with nature that can usefully 10 many of the impacts of grief. Time outside lowers our blood pressure and the production of stress hormones, and decreases the risk of heart disease. 【答案】 1．B 2．E 3．D 4．I 5．H 6．J 7．K 8．G 9．C 10．F 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要阐述了经历重大失去后悲痛对大脑和身体的影响，强调要给予悲痛足够支持，还指出接触大自然有助于缓解悲痛。 1．考查名词。句意：在她广泛的悲伤研究中，玛丽·奥康纳解释说，当我们经历重大损失时，我们的大脑必须开始一个非常漫长的过程，重新连接所有基于亲人的存在而形成的路径和预测，逐渐转变为对他们缺席的理解。前文提到经历重大失去，大脑要重新适应，这里说从基于亲人“存在”的认知转变，那对应的就是亲人的“缺席”。结合语境，此处需要一个表示“不在、缺席”意思的名词，“absence”符合要求，与“presence”对应。故选项B。 2．考查形容词。句意：当我们在适应新的生活方式的同时，还要应对持续的思念之情，我们的身体可能需要数年时间才能理解这种损失。失去亲人后的思念通常是不间断的，根据“yearning(想念)”以及要表达这种想念的状态，需要一个能体现“持续、不断”含义的形容词，“constant”有持续的意思，能准确描述这种状态。故选项E。 3．考查名词。句意：研究表明，悲痛会增加我们的心率和血压，使我们更容易患心脏病，增加患糖尿病等其他慢性病的风险，而与亲人的亲密关系能抵御日常生活中的各种外部压力。后面提到这种状态能抵御压力，结合生活常识可知，与亲人的“亲密关系”可以起到保护作用。这里需要一个表示“亲密”概念的名词，“closeness”正合适。故选项D。 4．考查形容词短语。句意：但当他们离开后，我们更容易受到生活的冲击，导致大量应激激素泛滥，影响我们的免疫系统。亲人离开后，我们会变得更脆弱，更容易受到生活中各种情况的影响。“be/feel exposed to”有“易受……影响”的意思，符合失去亲人后我们的状态。故选项I。 5．考查动词。句意：这应该鼓励我们给悲痛应有的空间和支持，而不是将其隐藏和回避。前面提到悲痛对身心有诸多影响，所以我们应该给予它相应的空间和支持，也就是悲痛“值得”这样的对待。“deserves”表示“值得”，符合语境。故选项H。 6．考查名词。句意：很多时候，我们不知道如何谈论悲痛，如何支持那些悲痛者的身体，或者如何对自己和他人表示同情。在面对悲痛时，我们需要知道如何对自己和他人表达一种关怀和理解的情感。“show sympathy for”是固定表达，意为“对……表示同情”，符合此处要表达的对自己和他人在悲痛时的态度。故选项J。 7．考查形容词。句意：在很多方面，认为悲痛会分阶段发展到一个终点的观点根深蒂固。“the idea that grief progresses in stages towards an endpoint (悲痛分阶段发展到终点的观点)”在很多人观念里是很牢固的。“be rooted”表示“根深蒂固”，能很好地描述这种观点在人们心中的状态。故选项K。 8．考查名词。句意：在悲痛不断变化的情况下，我们需要坚实的基础，以便在不受需求或忙碌的室内生活干扰的情况下，重新学习如何生活。这里说要在不受某种因素干扰的情况下重新学习生活，结合前文提到的忙碌的室内生活以及整体语境，应该是不受生活的“需求”干扰，“demands”有“需求”之意。故选项G。 9．考查动词。句意：到户外去能促进正念，让悲痛者沉浸在大自然的宁静氛围中。到户外去能让悲痛者处于大自然的宁静氛围中，“involve oneself in”有“使自己参与、沉浸于”的意思，能体现出悲痛者在大自然中放松、融入的状态。故选项C。 10．考查动词。句意：虽然目前还没有太多关于专门为悲痛者提供基于自然的支持的研究，但有很多关于与大自然接触的生理益处的研究，这些益处可以有效地对抗悲痛的许多影响。前面提到与大自然接触有很多生理益处，这里说这些益处和悲痛的影响之间的关系，应该是能“对抗”悲痛的影响。“counter”有“对抗”的意思，符合逻辑。故选项F。 Passage 2 （24-25高二下·上海闵行·期中）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．challenging  B．costly  C． exclusion  D．guaranteed  E. necessarily  F. performed   G. scale  H. similarly  I. suffering  J. tracked  K. centers Is more happiness always better than less? The researchers asked college students to rate their feelings on a   1 from “unhappy” to “very happy” and compared the results with academic and social outcomes. Though the “very happy” participants had the best social lives, they 2 worse in school than those who were merely “happy”. The researchers then examined a data set from another study that rated college freshman’s “cheerfulness” and 3 their income nearly two decades later. They found that the most cheerful were not the highest earners. That distinction once again went to the second-highest group, which rated their cheerfulness as “above average”. As with everything in life, happiness has its trade-offs. Pursuing happiness to the 4 of other goals — known as psychological hedonism (享乐主义) — not only is in vain, but may also give you a life where you do not reach your full potential, where you are unwilling to take risks, where you choose temporary pleasures over 5 experiences that give life meaning. The way to understand the study above is not to deny that happiness is good; rather, it is to remember that a little bit of unhappiness has benefits. When I talk with people about their fear of negative outcomes in life, their true source of fear, in many cases, 6 on how they will feel about having failed, not about the consequences of failure itself. This is similar to the way discomfort with uncertainty causes more anxiety than 7 bad news. To avoid these bad feelings, people give up all kinds of opportunities that involve the possibility of failure. However, bringing good things into your life, whether love or career success, usually involves risk. Risk does not, of course, 8 make us happy. A risky life will very likely bring disappointment, but it can bring greater rewards than a life played safe, as the studies suggested. None of this is to say that we are foolish for wanting to be happy. On the contrary, the desire for happiness is natural and normal. However, making the quest for positive feelings your highest or only goal is a 9 life strategy. Endless happiness is impossible to achieve, and doing so sacrifices many of the elements of a good life. As the Canadian-American psychologist Paul Bloom wrote, “It’s the 10 we choose that affords the most opportunity for pleasure, meaning, and personal growth.” 【答案】 1．G 2．F 3．J 4．C 5．A 6．K 7．D 8．E 9．B 10．I 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了快乐也有平衡，多一点幸福并不总是比少一点好，适当的不开心可以提高对生活的感受和解决问题的能力。 1．考查名词。句意：研究人员要求大学生对自己的感受进行打分，从“不开心”到“非常开心”，并将结果与学业和社交结果进行比较。空处应填名词单数作宾语，结合“from ‘unhappy’ to ‘very happy’”可知，此处指“从‘不开心’到‘开心’的范围”，scale“范围”符合语境，故选G。 2．考查动词。句意：尽管“非常开心”的参与者拥有最好的社交生活，但他们在学校的表现却不如那些仅仅“开心”的人。空处是谓语动词，陈述过去的事情，用一般过去时；根据“worse in school”可知，此处指“在学校表现得更差”，performed“表现”符合语境，故选F。 3．考查动词。句意：然后，研究人员检查了另一项研究中的数据集，该研究对大学新生的“快乐程度”进行了评级，并追踪了他们近20年后的收入。空处和examined是并列的谓语动词，应填动词过去式，结合“their income nearly two decades later”可知， 此处指“追踪了他们近20年后的收入”，tracked“追踪，跟踪”符合语境，故选J。 4．考查名词。句意：只追求幸福而不追求其他目标——被称为心理享乐主义——不仅是徒劳的，而且可能会让你的生活无法充分发挥你的潜力，你不愿冒险，你选择暂时的快乐而不是赋予生活意义的挑战经历。空处应填名词作宾语，结合“known as psychological hedonism (享乐主义)”可知，此处指“只追求幸福而排除其他目标”，exclusion“排除”符合语境，故选C。 5．考查形容词。句意同上。空处应填形容词作定语，修饰名词experiences，此处和“temporary pleasures”相对，再由空后“that give life meaning”可知，此处指“有挑战性的经历”，challenging“有挑战性的”符合语境，故选A。 6．考查动词。句意：当我和人们谈论他们对生活中消极结果的恐惧时，在许多情况下，他们真正的恐惧来源集中在他们对失败的感受上，而不是失败本身的后果。空处是谓语动词，结合“their true source of fear”以及空后的“on”可知，center on“以……为中心”符合语境，陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语 their true source of fear是单数，谓语动词用单数形式。故选K。 7．考查形容词。句意：这类似于对不确定性的不安会导致比肯定的坏消息更多的焦虑。此处和“uncertainty”相对，表示“对不确定性的不安会导致比肯定的坏消息更多的焦虑”，guaranteed“确定会发生的”符合语境，故选D。 8．考查副词。句意：当然，冒险不一定会让我们快乐。空处修饰谓语动词，应用副词形式，结合下文“A risky life will very likely bring disappointment”可知，冒险不一定会让我们快乐，necessarily“必然地”符合语境，故选E。 9．考查形容词。句意：然而，把追求积极的感觉作为你最高或唯一的目标是一种代价高昂的生活策略。空处应填形容词作定语，修饰名词短语life strategy，结合下文“Endless happiness is impossible to achieve, and doing so sacrifices many of the elements of a good life.(无尽的幸福是不可能实现的，这样做会牺牲许多美好生活的元素)”可知，此处指“代价高昂的生活策略”，costly“昂贵的，代价高的”符合语境，故选B。 10．考查名词。句意：正如加拿大裔美国心理学家Paul Bloom所写的那样，“我们选择的苦难为我们提供了获得快乐、意义和个人成长的最多机会。”空处应填名词作主语，结合上文“Endless happiness is impossible to achieve, and doing so sacrifices many of the elements of a good life.(无尽的幸福是不可能实现的，这样做会牺牲许多美好生活的元素)”可知，无尽的幸福是不可能实现的，这样做会牺牲许多美好生活的元素，所以此处指“苦难”，suffering“痛苦，苦难”符合语境，故选I。 Passage 3 （23-24高二下·上海闵行·期中）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．silence  B．grouping  C． matter  D．implication E. consequences F. mental  G. solution  H. immediate  I. worthwhile  J. regaining  K. satisfy Research shows that when we are absorbed in an activity, even minor distractions can have a huge effect. According to a study, 1 our initial drive (动力) following an interruption can take about 20 minutes. Multitasking, as many studies have shown, is a myth (谬论). A more accurate account of what happens when we tell ourselves we are multitasking is that we’re rapidly switching between activities, sucking our mental energy. And the 2 can be surprisingly serious. An experiment found that we lose as many as 10 IQ points when we allow our work to be interrupted by distractions like emails and text messages. The trouble is that multitasking is enjoyable. It’s fun to 3 your curiosity. Who knows who send the next email or text message and what the content might be? Finding out provides 4 satisfaction. In contrast, resisting distractions and staying on task requires discipline and 5 effort. So, what are we to do? Our strategy is to change the environment to move temptation further away: shut down your email program or 6 your phone. It’s a lot easier to stay on task when you’re not continuously fighting off mental desires. Another 7 method is to collect similar activities together, keeping transition time to a minimum point. Instead of spreading phone calls, meetings and emails throughout your day, try 8 related tasks so that there are fewer transitions. In some jobs, multitasking is unavoidable. Some of us truly do need to keep constant connection with our clients, colleagues and managers. So it’s worth noting that limiting disruptions is the only 9 . Remember, the more you do to minimize task-switching over the course of the day, the more ability you’ll have for activities that actually 10 . Even small changes can make a big difference. 【答案】 1．J 2．E 3．K 4．H 5．F 6．A 7．I 8．B 9．G 10．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。研究表明，当我们全神贯注于一项活动时，即使是很小的分心也会产生巨大的影响，文章介绍了分心产生的危害并提出了具体的解决方案。 1．考查动词。句意：根据一项研究，在中断后恢复我们最初的动力可能需要大约20分钟。根据“our initial drive (动力) following an interruption can take about 20 minutes”可知，此处是指恢复最初的动力，动词regain意为“恢复”，符合句意，作主语，应用动名词。故选J。 2．考查名词。句意：后果可能会非常严重。根据后文“An experiment found that we lose as many as 10 IQ points when we allow our work to be interrupted by distractions like emails and text messages.(一项实验发现，当我们的工作被电子邮件和短信等干扰打断时，我们的智商会下降10分)”可知，此处是指后果可能很严重，名词consequence意为“后果”，符合句意。故选E。 3．考查动词。句意：满足你的好奇心是很有趣的。根据后文“Who knows who send the next email or text message and what the content might be?(谁知道下一封邮件或短信是谁发的，内容可能是什么？)”可知，此处是指满足好奇心，动词satisfy意为“满足”，符合句意，空前to是不定式符号，应用动词原形。故选K。 4．考查形容词。句意：找出答案会给你带来即时的满足感。根据“Finding out provides”可知，此处是指即时的满足感，形容词immediate意为“即时的”，符合句意。故选H。 5．考查形容词。句意：相比之下，抵制干扰和坚持任务需要自制力和精神上的努力。根据“resisting distractions and staying on task requires discipline and”可知，此处是指精神上的努力，形容词mental意为“精神的”，符合句意。故选F。 6．考查动词。句意：我们的策略是改变环境，远离诱惑：关闭你的电子邮件程序，或者把手机调成静音。根据“shut down your email program”可知，此处是指把手机调成静音，动词silence意为“使安静”，符合句意，此处是祈使句，应用动词原形。故选A。 7．考查形容词。句意：另一种有价值的方法是将类似的活动收集在一起，将转换时间保持在最小值。根据“is to collect similar activities together, keeping transition time to a minimum point”可知，此处是指另一种有价值的方法，形容词worthwhile意为“有价值的”，符合句意。故选I。 8．考查动词。句意：不要把电话、会议和电子邮件分散在一天中，试着把相关的任务分组，这样可以减少过渡。根据前文“to collect similar activities together”可知，此处是指把相关的任务分组，动词group意为“将……分组”，符合句意，固定搭配try doing sth.“试着做某事”。故选B。 9．考查名词。句意：因此，值得注意的是，限制干扰是唯一的解决方案。根据“limiting disruptions is the only”可知，此处是指限制干扰是唯一的解决方案，名词solution意为“解决方案”，符合句意。故选G。 10．考查动词。句意：记住，你在一天中尽量减少任务切换的次数越多，你就越有能力去做真正重要的事情。根据“the more ability you’ll have for activities that actually”可知，此处是指越有能力去做真正重要的事情，动词matter意为“重要”，符合句意，此处是定语从句的谓语动词，句子陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时，先行词是复数，从句谓语动词使用复数。故选C。 话题3 文学、艺术与体育 Passage 1 （24-25高二下·上海静安·期中）Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once.Note that there is one word more than you need. A．bonds        B．feature        C． distinctly        D．dedicated        E. awakenıng        F. twist G. standout    H. perceive    I. evolving        J. determined        K. strikingly Tan Dun, a renowned composer, is celebrated for blending ancient traditions with modern creativity. Nurtured in a Hunan village, Tan’s artistic 1 stemmed from Ghost Opera-a ritual heritage blending Taoism, Buddhism, and nature worship. His childhood dream to become a shaman who could “ 2 the wind’s whispers and decode stone-leaf dialogues” shaped his artistic vision through spiritual 3 to the natural world. A life-changing moment came at age 16 when Tan heard a symphony. The emotional power of Beethoven’s Fifth Symphony by the Philadelphia Orchestra deeply moved him. 4 to master this art form, he studied at China’s Central Conservatory of Music and later in New York. Two decades later, he was invited to work with the Philadelphia Orchestra, bringing his journey full circle. Tan’s music often draws on the sounds of nature. One of his 5 works, The Map, features unconventional instruments such as water bowls, stones, and rice paper. In Passacaglia: Secret of Wind and Birds, Tan seamlessly blends the sounds of wind and birds with orchestral instruments. This creates a rich experience that evokes the dynamic interplay between humans and the natural world. Tan is also 6 to preserving China’s musical heritage. Folk music and cultural elements 7 in many of his works. He has also brought a modern 8 ” to ancient instruments, like the suona. In 2017, Tan reimagined Hundreds of Birds Paying Homage to Phoenix for orchestra, performing it in Sydney with suona player Liu Wenwen. This fusion (融合) of Chinese and Western music captivated global audiences. In 2024, Tan paid tribute to (向…致敬) Beethoven with Choral Concerto: Nine in Bonn. Blending Schiller’s “Ode to Joy” with Chinese poetry by Qu Yuan and Li Bai, it explorers universal brotherhood and man-nature harmony, echoing Beethoven’s Ninth Symphony while presenting a(n) 9 Eastern perspective For Tan, music is a(n) 10 force, much like a river flowing through time. His works honor past traditions while embracing modern innovations, bridging the past with the future. As he says, “The world is one home,” and music, with its power to unite, connects people across cultures and generations. 【答案】 1．E 2．H 3．A 4．J 5．G 6．D 7．B 8．F 9．C 10．I 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述著名作曲家谭盾将古代传统与现代创意融合的艺术生涯，介绍其作品特色、对音乐遗产的保护及跨文化融合的成就。 1．考查名词。句意：谭盾在湖南的一个村庄长大，他的艺术觉醒源于《幽灵歌剧》—— 一种融合道教、佛教和自然崇拜的仪式遗产。设空处作主语，需填名词。根据“from Ghost Opera-a ritual heritage blending Taoism, Buddhism, and nature worship”可知，awakening：指谭盾的艺术觉醒源于《鬼歌剧》，体现其灵感的起源。故填E。 2．考查动词。句意：他童年时梦想成为一名萨满，能够 “感知风的低语，解读石叶的对话”这种通过与自然世界的精神联结形成的愿景塑造了他的艺术视野。设空处与“decode” 并列，需填动词原形。“perceive（感知）” 与 “风的低语” 搭配合理，意为 “感知 / 察觉”符合语境。故填H。 3．考查名词。句意：同上。设空处作介词“through”的宾语，需填名词。“bonds（联结，纽带）”与“spiritual（精神的）” 搭配，指“与自然世界的精神联结”，符合语境。故填A。 4．考查形容词。句意：他决心掌握这种艺术形式，先后在中国中央音乐学院和纽约学习。设空处作状语，修饰整个句子，需填形容词（过去分词转化的形容词表状态）。根据下文“he studied at China’s Central Conservatory of Music and later in New York.”可知，“determined(决心的)” 构成 “determined to do sth.”结构，表“决心做某事”，符合语境。故填J。 5．考查形容词。 句意：他的杰出作品之一《地图》，以水碗、石头、宣纸等非常规乐器为特色。 设空处修饰“works”，需填形容词作定语。“standout(杰出的，引人注目的)” 符合语境。故填G。 6．考查形容词。句意：谭盾还致力于保护中国的音乐遗产。设空处作表语，需填形容词。“dedicated（专注的，献身的）”构成“be dedicated to doing sth.” 结构，表示 “致力于做某事”，符合语境。故填D。 7．考查动词原形。句意：民间音乐和文化元素在他的许多作品中占重要地位。设空处作谓语，需填动词原形。主语为复数，动词用原形。“feature(以…… 为特色，占重要地位)” 符合语境。故填B。 8．考查名词。句意：他还为唢呐等古代乐器带来了现代的 “创新”。设空处作宾语，需填名词。“twist(转折，创新)” 此处指 “现代创新”，符合 语境。故填F。 9．考查副词。句意：它融合了席勒的《欢乐颂》与中国屈原、李白的诗歌，探讨了普世兄弟情谊和人与自然的和谐，呼应了贝多芬的第九交响曲，同时呈现了鲜明的东方视角。设空处修饰形容词 “Eastern”，需填副词。“distinctly(鲜明地，明显地)”强调“东方视角的独特性”，符合语境。故填C。 10．考查形容词。句意：对谭来说，音乐是一种不断发展的力量，就像一条流过时间的河流。设空处修饰 “force”，需填形容词。“evolving(不断发展的)” 符合语境。故填I。 Passage 2 （23-24高二下·上海·期中）Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．approach   B．bare   C． consistent   D．covered   AB．economies AC． hit   AD．record   BC． set   BD．stormed   CD．tough ABC． updates The weather has been so warm, and snow so scarce, that Windham Mountain Resort in the Catskills opened its chairlifts to mountain bikers last weekend instead of skiers. Ski resorts and their fans in the Northeast are hoping for a much better January. It has been a(n) 1 season. Judging by listings on Sno-country.com, which provides 2 on the slopes, roughly half of the ski areas in the Northeast haven’t opened yet for skiers but aimed to do so soon. Snow making equipment needs temperatures in the high 20s or below. At Windham, eight trails out of 54 had enough snow to open on Friday, but Chip Seamans, general manager at Windham, predicted many more will be 3 next weekend. “It looks like finally tonight and tomorrow and into next week we’ll get some 4 snowfalls so we’e very excited,” Mr. Seamans said. Last month was the warmest December on 5 in Central Park, according to the National Weather Service. It said last month the average daily temperature in New York City 6 50.8 degrees, which is 13.3 degrees warmer than normal. Last month beat the previous December record of 44.1 degrees, 7 in 2001. Tyler Fairbank, chief executive of the Fairbank Group, said the ski industry overall typically did 20% to 25% of its business over the Christmas holidays so the 8 slopes had a terrible impact. It also hurt hotels, equipment stores and local 9 . Mr. Fairbank said about 25% to 30% of the slopes were open at his group’s mountains and he expected that to rise to 70% in a week. The National Weather Service predicted Friday’s late night lows would range from the mid-20s inland to the lower 30s for New York City. It said a cold front would 10 Sunday evening, with the chilliest air of the season thus far coming on Monday. 【答案】 1．CD 2．ABC 3．D 4．C 5．AD 6．AC 7．BC 8．B 9．AB 10．A 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。主要讲述了这个冬季温暖少雪，Catskills的Windham山度假村上周末向山地骑行者开放椅式缆车。仍有大部分滑雪区未开放，预计即将开放。 1．考查形容词。句意：这是一个艰难的季节。根据前文“The weather has been so warm, and snow so scarce”（天气一直很暖和，雪也很少）可知，对于滑雪场这是一个艰难的季节，此处需要使用形容词作定语，tough“艰难的”符合句意。故选CD项。 2．考查名词。句意：从提供滑雪场最新情况的 Sno-country.com 网站的列表来看，东北部约有一半的滑雪场尚未对滑雪者开放，但目标是尽快开放。根据后句“roughly half of the ski areas in the Northeast haven’t opened yet for skiers but aimed to do so soon”（东北部约有一半的滑雪场尚未对滑雪者开放，但目标是尽快开放。）可知此网站是提供雪场数据更新的，这里使用名词复数形式，updates“更新”符合句意。故选ABC项。 3．考查动词。句意：在温德姆滑雪场，54 条雪道中有 8 条雪道的积雪足以在周五开放，但温德姆滑雪场总经理Chip Seamans预计，下周末将有更多雪道开放。根据上文“roughly half of the ski areas in the Northeast haven’t opened yet for skiers but aimed to do so soon”（东北部约有一半的滑雪场尚未对滑雪者开放，但目标是尽快开放。）可知，此处表示更多的滑雪场将被包含在内。需使用动词被动语态形式，covered“涉及、包含”符合句意。故选D项。 4．考查形容词。句意：看来今晚、明天和下周我们将迎来持续降雪，因此我们非常兴奋。分析句子可知，此处需使用形容词作定语修饰名词snowfall，consistent“连续的”是形容词，符合句意。故选C项。 5．考查名词。句意：根据美国国家气象局的数据，上个月是中央公园有记录以来最热的 12 月。根据后文“Last month beat the previous December record of 44.1 degrees”（上个月的气温超过了 2001 年12月创下的 44.1 华氏度的纪录）可知此月创下了新纪录，此处需使用名词作宾语，record“记录”符合句意。故选AD项。 6．考查动词。句意：上个月纽约市的日平均气温达到 50.8 度，比正常温度高出 13.3 度。分析句子可知，此处需使用动词作谓语，表示“达到”，hit“达到”符合句意。故选AC项。 7．考查动词。句意：上个月的气温超过了 2001 年12月创下的 44.1 华氏度的纪录。分析句子可知，这里表示创下记录，使用过去分词作后置定语，set“创立”符合句意。故选BC项。 8．考查形容词。句意：整个滑雪行业在圣诞节期间的业务量通常占其业务量的 20% 至 25%，因此光秃秃的雪道造成了严重影响。这也损害了酒店、设备商店和当地经济。根据前文“snow so scarce”（雪很少）可知滑雪场是光秃雪很少的，使用形容词作定语修饰名词slopes，bare“光秃的”符合句意。故选B项。 9．考查名词。句意：整个滑雪行业在圣诞节期间的业务量通常占其业务量的 20% 至 25%，因此光秃秃的雪道造成了严重影响。这也损害了酒店、设备商店和当地经济。分析句子可知，此处使用名词复数做宾语，economies“经济”是名词复数，符合句意。故选AB项。 10．考查动词。句意：国家气象局称，周日晚间将有一股冷锋逼近，周一将迎来本季迄今为止最寒冷的空气。分析句子可知，此处使用动词原形作谓语，表示冷锋即将接近，approach“接近”符合句意。故选A项。 Passage 3 （23-24高二上·上海·期中）Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is two word more than you need. A．matched  B．accessible  C． fingertips  D．afford  E. purest  F. secure G. display  H. partnerless  I. strengthened  J. blankest K. stream L. officially Most people get sweaty palms just staring at EI Capitan, a breathtaking rock formation in Yosemite National Park, California. Alex Honnold’s stayed dry. And this June, he managed to climb the 900-meter vertical wall, pulling on edges barely big enough for 1 . Honnold could not 2 any slips. That’s because he carried nothing other than a bag of gymnasts’ chalk, to keep his fingers free of moisture. There was no rope to 3 him if he fell. After a four-hour 4 of power and precision, the 31-year-old safely challenged himself. EI Capitan had been climbed 5 before, including by Honnold, but never in the way he has. In 2011, an American TV show about his earlier “free solos” drew seventeen million viewers. In climbing, “free” means using nothing but rocks for support. “ Solo” means free of protection. It is the sport at its 6 . In Yosemite, the birthplace of American climbing, Hannold has reached its peak. Praise from fellow climbers was 7 only by relief at his safe return. The achievement marks the latest in a series of milestones for sport climbing. In 2015, two other American Tommy Caldwell and Kevin Jorgeson, established a route up the Dawn Wall, EI Capitan’s 8 part, after years of attempts. They made the front page of the New York Times and got congratulations from Barack Obama for the achievement. Last year, sport climbing was 9 accepted into the Olympic program for Tokyo 2020. These have strengthened climbing’s position in the sporting circle in America and elsewhere. Google has invited Jorgeson to give a motivational talk to its employees. Climbing gyms have appeared around the globe over the past decade, making the event safer and more 10 to ordinary people. The gyms have been popular among youngsters, who pay more attentions to exercises than to belongings. 【答案】 1．C 2．D 3．F 4．G 5．H 6．E 7．A 8．J 9．L 10．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了攀岩运动在美国和其他地方越来越受欢迎。 1．考查名词。句意：今年6月，他成功地爬上了900米高的垂直岩壁，在岩壁的边缘勉强够指尖触碰。根据句意“指尖”可知，此处为名词fingertip，作介词for的宾语，表示泛指，且没有冠词限定，需用名词复数形式。故选C。 2．考查动词。句意：Honnold承受不起任何疏忽。根据句意“负担得起”可知，此处为动词afford，位于情态动词could后面，使用动词原形。故选D。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：如果他掉下去，没有绳子保护他。根据句意“保护”可知，此处为动词secure，位于动词不定式符号to后面，使用动词原形。故选F。 4．考查名词。句意：经过四个小时的力量和精确度的展示，这位31岁的男子安全地挑战了自己。根据句意“展示”可知，此处为名词display，位于介词after之后，需用名词作宾语。故选G。 5．考查形容词。句意：EI Capitan之前也有过无合伙人攀登的经历，包括霍诺德，但从来没有像他这样。根据句意“无伴的”可知，此处为形容词partnerless。故选H。 6．考查形容词最高级。句意：这是一项最纯粹的运动。根据句意“最纯粹的”可知，此处为固定搭配at its purest。故选E。 7．考查动词时态语态。句意：欣慰的是他平安归来，配得上同伴们的称赞。根据句意“匹配”可知，此处为动词match，Praise和match为被动关系，需用被动语态，已有be动词was，空处需填过去分词matched。故选A。 8．考查形容词最高级。2015年，另外两名美国人汤米·考德威尔(Tommy Caldwell)和凯文·乔格森(Kevin Jorgeson)经过多年的尝试，建立了一条攀登黎明墙的路线，这是EI Capitan最光秃秃的部分。根据句意“最光秃秃的”可知，此处为形容词最高级blankest，作定语，修饰名词part。故选J。 9．考查副词。句意：去年，运动攀岩被正式纳入2020年东京奥运会项目。根据句意“正式地”可知，此处为副词officially，作状语修饰动词短语was accepted into。故选L。 10．考查形容词。句意：在过去的十年里，攀岩馆在全球范围内出现，使这项运动更安全，更容易为普通人所接受。根据句意“对……可接触的”可知，此处为固定短语accessible to。故选B。 话题4 历史、社会与文化 Passage 1 （24-25高二下·上海·期中）Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．automatically    B．bubble    C． counting     D．glances    E. hooked    F. indirectly G. measuring    H. practices     I. universal    J. unique    K viral Morning Routines: Why We Can’t Look Away Everyone has a morning routine, but yours likely doesn’t start before 4 a. m. or include spending hours drinking fancy water or jumping into a rooftop pool. Still, you might be one of the millions who watched the 1 video of a fitness trainer’s well-crafted morning routine, now with over 741 million views on the social media. While many have assumed the video is marketing for a certain product, it’s understandable to be fascinated by 2 at other people’s habits. “For better or for worse, it is in our nature to compare ourselves to others,” says Raphael Wald. “It is difficult for us as people to appreciate our successes without using others as a 3 tape.” Many competing feelings can arise during social comparison: Envy, admiration, motivation and fear of missing out. But often, shame and inadequacy 4 up to the top. The video is the latest in a series of morning habits shared on social media, all gaining millions of views. This fascination with others’ routines is nothing new. People have been 5 on how famous, successful figures spend their mornings for centuries. Benjamin Franklin wrote about his morning routine in his autobiography in the late 1700s, describing how he woke up at 5 a.m., set intentions for the day, read, and studied. In his 1854 book Walden, Henry David Thoreau discussed going for a swim during the “awakening hour.” These old-fashioned 6 have even aroused interest now; people in the present day are posting about their experiences trying, for instance, “The daily routine of the original Benjamin Franklin.” Mornings are a “ 7 ” experience, says Ben Bernstein. Everyone wakes up, gets dressed, and usually eats breakfast. Then, they go about their day, which is more 8 . “There’s a moment in time where people are doing similar things,” he says. It can feel predictable, so it’s often appealing to see how others spend that time. “We’re actually kind of living 9 through that person: If we have a routine and we follow these steps, then life can be smooth and free of stress,” Bernstein says. Research shows that morning routines can ease stress and increase energy. But routines should be tailored to your needs and lifestyle, says Dr. Alex Dimitriu. There’s no “secret sauce” for morning habits that will 10 help you become like someone you admire. Videos may be fun to watch, but Dimitriu urges taking them with “a grain of salt.” 【答案】 1．K 2．D 3．G 4．B 5．E 6．H 7．I 8．J 9．F 10．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章围绕人们对他人早晨习惯视频的关注展开，探讨了这种现象背后的原因，指出早晨习惯虽有一定益处，但应根据个人情况定制。 1．考查形容词。句意：然而，你可能是数百万观看了一位健身教练精心打造的早晨习惯的热门视频的人之一，该视频在社交媒体上的浏览量现已超过7.41亿次。分析句子可知，空格处需填入一个形容词来修饰名词video。viral意为“像病毒般扩散的，广为传播的”，viral video是常见搭配，结合后文提到的超高浏览量，viral符合语境，能体现出这个视频的火爆程度。故选K项。 2．考查名词。句意：虽然很多人认为这个视频是为某一产品做营销，但人们会被看别人的习惯所吸引，这是可以理解的。 分析句子可知，介词by后面需要一个名词，glances在这里构成固定短语glances at，意为“瞥一眼，看一下”，“be fascinated by glances at other people’s habits”表示“被看别人习惯这件事所吸引”，符合文意。故选D项。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：拉斐尔·沃尔德说：“不管是好是坏，拿自己和别人作比较是我们的天性。对我们人类来说，如果不把别人当作衡量标准，就很难欣赏自己的成功。” 分析句子可知，空格处需要一个词来修饰tape，measuring tape是“卷尺”的意思，这里将他人比作衡量自己成功的“卷尺”，形象地表达了人们在社会比较中以他人为参照的行为，现在分词measuring符合要求。故选G项。 4．考查动词。句意：但在社会比较中，羞耻和不足的感觉往往会浮现出来。分析句子可知，空格处需要一个动词，bubble up是固定短语，意为“涌现，冒出”，bubble up to the top表示这些负面情绪占据主导，符合语境。故选B项。 5．考查形容词。句意：几个世纪以来，人们一直着迷于著名的成功人士如何度过他们的早晨。分析句子可知，be动词后面需要一个形容词，be hooked on是固定搭配，意为“对……着迷，上瘾”，结合前文人们对他人早晨习惯视频的关注，hooked符合文意。 故选E项。 6．考查名词。句意：这些老式的习惯做法如今甚至还引起了人们的兴趣；如今，人们正在发布关于他们尝试，比如“本杰明·富兰克林最初的日常习惯”的经历。根据前面的These以及语境，这里需要一个名词复数，practices有“习惯，惯例，做法”的意思，These old-fashioned practices表示“这些老式的习惯做法”，符合语境。 故选H项。 7．考查形容词。句意：本·伯恩斯坦说，早晨是一种“普遍的”体验。分析句子可知，空格处需要一个形容词来修饰experience，根据后文“Everyone wakes up, gets dressed, and usually eats breakfast.”可知，每个人早上都会做这些事，说明这是一种普遍的经历，universal意为“普遍的，通用的”，符合要求。故选I项。 8．考查形容词。句意：然后，他们开始一天的生活，这更具独特性。分析句子可知，空格处需要一个形容词作表语，前文提到早上大家做的事情有相似性，是普遍的经历，而白天的活动更具个人特色，unique意为“独特的，独一无二的”，与前面的普遍形成对比，符合逻辑。故选J项。 9．考查副词。句意：伯恩斯坦说：“实际上，我们是通过那个人间接地体验生活：如果我们有一套日常习惯并遵循这些步骤，那么生活就会顺利且没有压力。” 分析句子可知，空格处需要一个副词来修饰动词living，indirectly意为“间接地”，结合语境，我们通过看别人的早晨习惯视频，间接体验到遵循这些步骤可能带来的生活状态，indirectly符合文意。故选F项。 10．考查副词。句意：没有一种早晨习惯的“秘诀”能自动地帮助你变得像你钦佩的人。分析句子可知，空格处需要一个副词来修饰动词help，automatically意为“自动地，自然而然地”，结合前文提到早晨习惯应根据个人需求定制，说明没有一种方法能让你自动变成你钦佩的人，automatically符合语境。 故选A项。 Passage 2 （24-25高二下·上海·期中）Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．endured B．strong C． operating D．inspired E. facility F. stand G. orderly H. originally I. performing J. decade K. violence Denis Mukwege never intended to become Dr. Miracle, an award-winning gynecologist (妇科医生). He grew up in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) as a priest’s kid. In fact, it was visiting the sick with his father that 1 him to become a doctor in the first place. The country has 2 more than two decades of conflict, and Congolese women have suffered worst. Warring for control of the country’s gold and precious mineral deposits, rebel groups are cruelly attacking the region’s women. During the last 3 the DRC has actually been described as “the rape (强暴) capital of the world”. One study found that 48 women are raped every hour in the country. One man stands 4 against this hurt, and has done so for more than 20 years. He first set up the Panzi hospital — 5 made of tents — in 1998. After losing the hospital the same year in the crossfire of the Second Congo War, Mukwege rebuilt the following year. Since then, Panzi hospital has grown to become a major health 6 . There, Mukwege reportedly cares for more than 3,500 women a year, sometimes 7 as many as 10 operations a day. Last year while 8 in the hospital, Mukwege heard the news that he, along with Nadia Murad, had been awarded the 2018 Nobel Peace Prize. The prize centers on acknowledging “their efforts to end the use of sexual violence as a weapon of war.” He, a doctor, and she an Iraqi human rights activist who suffered in the same way that so many of Mukwege’s patients have, should inspire everyone to take a(n) 9 for peace. For Mukwege, “When I see how strong women are, all my motivation comes from them.” Winning the Peace Prize could be the first step toward an end to 10 against women. 【答案】 1．D 2．A 3．J 4．B 5．H 6．E 7．I 8．C 9．F 10．K 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了刚果妇科医生Denis Mukwege的事迹，他在该国多年冲突中为受暴力侵害的女性提供治疗，获2018年诺贝尔和平奖。 1．考查动词。句意：事实上，最初是和父亲一起去看望病人激励他成为一名医生。根据后文“him to become a doctor”可知，此处表示激励他成为医生，inspire sb. to do sth.是固定用法，意为“激励某人做某事”，inspire作谓语动词，事情发生在过去，用一般过去时。故选D。 2．考查动词。句意：这个国家经历了二十多年的冲突，刚果妇女遭受的苦难最为严重。根据后文“more than two decades of conflict”可知，此处表示经历冲突，endure意为“忍受，经历”，作谓语，用过去分词endured构成现在完成时态has endured。故选A。 3．考查名词。句意：在过去的十年里，刚果民主共和国实际上被描述为“世界强奸之都”。根据语境可知，这里说的是过去的一段时间，结合所给词汇，decade意为“十年”，符合语境。故选J。 4．考查副词。句意：有一个人强烈地反对这种伤害，并且已经这样做了二十多年。stand strong against是固定表达，意为“坚定地反对”，副词strong作状语，意为“强烈地，猛烈地”。故选B。 5．考查副词。句意：他于1998年首次建立了潘齐医院，最初是由帐篷搭建而成的。根据前文“He first set up the Panzi hospital”和后文“made of tents”可推知，潘齐医院最初由帐篷搭建而成，用副词originally来修饰整个短语，作状语，意为“最初，原先”。故选H。 6．考查名词。句意：从那时起，潘齐医院已经发展成为一个主要的医疗设施。根据前文“Panzi hospital has grown to become a major...”和常识可知，这里说的是医院成为一个医疗设施，名词facility意为“设施”，符合语境。故选E。 7．考查动词。句意：在那里，据报道Mukwege每年要照顾3500多名妇女，有时一天要做多达10台手术。根据后文“as many as 10 operations a day”可知，此处表示做手术，perform operations是固定表达，意为“做手术”，这里用现在分词，作伴随状语。故选I。 8．考查动词。句意：去年，当他在医院做手术时，Mukwege听到了他和Nadia Murad获得2018年诺贝尔和平奖的消息。根据前文“There, Mukwege reportedly cares for more than 3,500 women a year, sometimes 7 as many as 10 operations a day.”和后文“in the hospital”可推知，Mukwege在医院做手术，用动词operate，意为“做手术”，while引导省略的时间状语从句，完整形式是while he was operating，省略了主语和be动词，保留现在分词operating。故选C。 9．考查动词短语。句意：他，一位医生，和她，一位像Mukwege的许多病人一样遭受苦难的伊拉克人权活动家，应该激励每个人为和平挺身而出。结合前文“a doctor”和“human rights activist”可推知，两者都会为和平挺身而出，用动词短语take a stand for，意为“为……挺身而出”。故选F。 10．考查名词。句意：获得和平奖可能是结束对妇女暴力行为的第一步。根据前文提到的妇女遭受强暴等内容可知，这里说的是结束对妇女的暴力，用名词violence作宾语，意为“暴力”。故选K。 Passage 3 （24-25高二下·上海·期中）Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．channel    B．exaggerate    C． comparison    D．upbeat    E. bottling up F. rolled out    G. recycled    H. project    I. sanity    J. integrating    K. embark on The Power of Sustainable Living and Mental Wellness In recent years, the global push toward sustainability has made eco-friendly practices more mainstream. One notable trend is the increasing use of 1 materials in industries ranging from fashion to construction. Designers now create stylish furniture from reclaimed wood, while major brands produce sneakers using ocean plastics. This shift not only reduces waste but also raises public awareness about environmental responsibility. At the same time, mental health awareness has grown significantly. Experts emphasize the importance of staying 2 despite life’s challenges. Social media, however, presents a double-edged sword. While platforms can inspire positivity, they also fuel unrealistic 3 . Some reality shows, designed to keep you glued to the screen, often 4 results—whether it’s weight loss transformations or instant career success. Such portrayals can distort expectations, leading to frustration and self-doubt among viewers. To combat these issues, psychologists recommend proactive strategies. Instead of 5 emotions, individuals should 6 energies into outlets like sports, painting, or journaling. Physical activity, for instance, releases endorphins that naturally elevate mood. Schools and workplaces are also adopting measures to support mental well-being. A government-backed mental health initiative is set to be 7 across the country next year, offering free counseling sessions and stress-management workshops. Parents play a crucial role in this ecosystem. Therapists warn against the tendency to 8 your own anxieties onto children, such as pressuring them to excel academically because of personal unfulfilled ambitions. Open communication and empathy are key to fostering resilience. For those feeling overwhelmed, simple practices like mindfulness or unplugging from digital devices can help restore one’s 9 . Ultimately, sustainability and mental wellness share a common thread: small, consistent actions lead to meaningful change. Whether it’s choosing a reusable water bottle or practicing gratitude daily, these habits serve as the building block for a healthier, more balanced life. As society continues to evolve, 10 environmental consciousness with emotional well-being will be essential for future generations. 【答案】 1．G 2．D 3．C 4．B 5．E 6．A 7．F 8．H 9．I 10．J 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了可持续发展与心理健康的重要性，强调环保实践和情绪管理的协同作用，提倡通过日常行动实现身心平衡。 1．考查形容词。句意：一个显著的趋势是在从时尚到建筑等行业中越来越多地使用回收材料。根据上文“sustainability has made eco-friendly practices more mainstream. ”可知，此处表示“回收的”材料，用形容词recycled“回收利用的”，作定语，修饰materials。故选G。 2．考查形容词。句意：专家强调尽管生活中有挑战，但保持乐观很重要。stay后用形容词作表语，根据“despite life’s challenges”可知，此处表示“乐观的”，用形容词upbeat，作表语。故选D。 3．考查名词。句意：虽然平台能激发积极性，但也会引发不切实际的比较。空处作宾语，根据“While platforms can inspire positivity, they also fuel unrealistic”可知，此处表示社交媒体会引发不切实际的“比较”，用名词comparison“比较”，作fuel的宾语。故选C。 4．考查动词时态。句意：一些真人秀节目旨在让你紧盯屏幕，它们往往会夸大效果——无论是减肥转变还是瞬间职业成功。空处作宾语从句谓语，根据“whether it’s weight loss transformations or instant career success”可知，此处表示真人秀节目“夸大”结果，用动词exaggerate“夸大”，本句描述一般事实，句子时态用一般现在时，主语Some reality shows为复数，谓语用动词原形。故选B。 5．考查固定短语、非谓语动词。句意：心理学家建议积极的策略，不要压抑情绪，个人应该把精力引导到像运动、绘画或写日记等发泄途径上。空处作宾语，根据“energies into outlets like sports, painting, or journaling”可知，此处表示不要“压抑”情绪，用固定短语bottle up“压抑，抑制”，用动名词，作Instead of的宾语。故选E。 6．考查固定短语。句意：心理学家建议积极的策略，不要压抑情绪，个人应该把精力引导到像运动、绘画或写日记等发泄途径上。情态动词should 后，用动词原形，根据“energies into outlets like sports, painting, or journaling”可知，此处表示“把……引导到……”，用固定搭配channel...into...。故选A。 7．考查固定短语、非谓语动词。句意：一项政府支持的心理健康倡议将于明年在全国推出，提供免费咨询服务和压力管理工作坊。根据“A government-backed mental health initiative is set to be”可知，此处表示倡议将被“推出”，用固定短语roll out，与A government-backed mental health initiative为被动关系，用过去分词，与空前的to be，构成不定式的被动式。故选F。 8．考查动词不定式。句意：治疗师警告不要有把自己的焦虑投射到孩子身上的倾向，比如因为个人未实现的抱负而给孩子施加学业上的压力。不定式符号to后用动词原形，根据“your own anxieties onto children, such as pressuring them to excel academically because of personal unfulfilled ambitions”可知，此处表示 “把……投射到……上”，用project...onto...，。故选H。 9．考查名词。句意：对于那些感到不堪重负的人来说，像正念或远离数字设备这样的简单做法有助于恢复理智。空处作宾语，根据“For those feeling overwhelmed, simple practices like mindfulness or unplugging from digital devices can help restore one’s”可知，此处表示恢复“理智”，用名词sanity。故选I。 10．考查动词：句意：随着社会的不断发展，将环境意识与情感幸福相结合对后代至关重要。空处作主句主语，根据“environmental consciousness with emotional well-being will be essential for future generations”可知，此处表示“将……与……相结合”，用固定搭配integrate...with...，此处用动名词作主语。故选J。 话题5 科学与技术 Passage 1 （24-25高二下·上海嘉定·期中）Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．actions   B．choosing   C． exercising   D．grounded   E. intentional   F. modest G. passengers   H. predictive   I. separating   J. thoughts   K. weighing Free Will Under the Scanner One night, while lying awake, I found myself turning over different ways to begin an essay. I imagined sentence after sentence, 1 how each might flow into the next. All the while, neurons (神经元) were quietly firing in my brain. That neural activity helps explain why I had those 2 — but does it also mean I had no choice in the matter? Some scientists believe so. A number of influential studies suggest that our brains launch 3 before we are aware of making a decision. In the 1980s, Benjamin Libet found that electrical signals in the brain — so-called readiness potentials — appear before people report choosing to move. More recent studies have found similar results, sometimes detecting 4 brain activity several seconds in advance. These findings have led some researchers to conclude that free will doesn’t exist — that the brain, not the mind, determines what we do. Neuroscientist John-Dylan Haynes, for instance, has argued that our decisions are “predetermined,” and that the brain is “making the decision before the person.” Philosopher and biologist Jerry Coyne goes further, claiming that none of our choices result from 5 reflection at all. But do these experiments really show that we are mere 6 , watching decisions unfold from the backseat? Not quite. The tasks involved in these studies, like 7 between two buttons, are simple. They do not reflect the kind of thoughtful planning we engage in every day. Moreover, the power of early brain signals is 8 at best. In many cases, it’s only slightly more accurate than a coin flip (抛硬币). Other research shows that conscious (有意识的) thought does matter. Forming specific intentions, reflecting on goals, and 9 self-control can significantly influence our actions. These processes, though 10 in the brain, are central to what we understand as free will. 【答案】 1．K 2．J 3．A 4．H 5．E 6．G 7．B 8．F 9．C 10．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过神经科学实验与哲学观点探讨自由意志是否存在，指出尽管大脑活动可能提前触发简单决策，但复杂意图和自控力仍支持人类拥有自由意志。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：我想象一句接一句，权衡每句如何衔接。句子已有谓语，空处作状语，结合“how each might flow into the next”可推知，K项weighing“权衡”符合题意，表示“权衡每句如何衔接”。故选K。 2．考查名词。句意：这种神经活动解释了我为何会产生那些想法——但这是否意味着我别无选择？空处作had的宾语，结合上文“I imagined sentence after sentence”可推知，J项thoughts“想法”符合题意，表示“我为何会产生那些想法”。故选J。 3．考查名词。句意：多项重要研究表明，大脑会在我们意识到决策前启动行动。空处作launch的宾语，结合下文“electrical signals in the brain — so-called readiness potentials — appear”可推知，A项actions“行动”符合题意，表示“启动行动”。故选A。 4．考查形容词。句意：更近期的研究甚至检测到提前数秒的预测性脑活动。空处作修饰brain activity的定语，结合“detecting”和“in advance”可推知，H项predictive“预测性的”符合题意，表示“检测到提前数秒的预测性脑活动”。故选H。 5．考查形容词。句意：哲学家和生物学家杰里·科因更进一步，声称我们的任何选择都不是来自有意识的反思。空处作修饰reflection的定语，结合上文“our decisions are “predetermined,” and that the brain is “making the decision before the person.””可推知，E项intentional“有意识的”符合题意，表示“哲学家和生物学家杰里·科因更进一步，声称我们的任何选择都不是来自有意识的反思”。故选E。 6．考查名词。句意：但这些实验真能证明我们只是乘客，旁观决策从后座自行展开吗？空处作表语，结合“watching decisions unfold from the backseat”可推知，G项passengers“乘客”符合题意，表示“我们只是乘客”。故选G。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：这些研究中涉及的类似选择按钮的任务过于简单。空处作like的宾语，结合“between two buttons”可推知，B项choosing“选择”符合题意，表示“选择按钮”。故选B。 8．考查形容词。句意：此外，早期脑信号的预测力是十分有限的。空处作表语，结合下文“In many cases, it’s only slightly more accurate than a coin flip (抛硬币).”可推知，F项modest“不太大的，有限的”符合题意，表示“早期脑信号的预测力是十分有限的”。故选F。 9．考查非谓语动词。句意：制定明确意图、反思目标、行使自控力，都能显著影响行为。空处和前面的动名词短语并列，作主语，结合“self-control”可推知，C项exercising“行使”符合题意，表示“行使自控力”。故选C。 10．考查非谓语动词。句意：这些过程虽根植于大脑，却是我们所理解的自由意志的核心。空处和though构成让步状语从句的省略形式，结合“in the brain”可推知，D项grounded“以……为基础，基于”符合题意，表示“根植于大脑”。故选D。 Passage 2 （24-25高二下·上海浦东新·期中）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．associated    B．capacity    C． closeness    D．coined    E. contradictory    F. enhance G. landscape    H. limit    I. relevance    J. sacred    K. tight-knit Social Overload: Do You Have Too Many Friends? In terms of human connection, Dunbar’s number has long been a guiding principle. Traditionally set at around 150 connections, this concept, 1 by Robin Dunbar, finds its roots in the evolutionary development of the human brain. Yet, as we navigate the vast 2 of the digital age, our social connections extend far beyond geographical boundaries. Then questions arise: Does Dunbar’s number still maintain its 3 , or does the digital era rewrite the rules of social connectivity? Dunbar’s number, a product of cognitive evolution, reflects the limited 4 of our brains to manage social ties. Its presence in various societies, from 5 tribes to expansive social structures, highlights its university. It seems that the brain imposes a natural 6 on the depth and breadth of our social circles. However, as we step into the digital world, the dynamics of social connection undergo a great transformation. A study published in Cybergychology. Behavior. and Social Networking explored the effect of social media usage on the size of social circles and the 7 of relationships. The researchers found that more time spent on social media made for a larger number of online “friends,” but not a larger amount of offline friends. Further, these findings were not 8 with feelings of closeness towards online or offline friends. On the one hand, these platforms 9 our ability to connect with a large and diverse types of individuals. On the other hand, it is unclear whether the quantity of connections weakens the quality of our relationships. Do these loose connections provide a sense of social support? Or do they contribute to the 10 feelings of social overload and isolation that have become increasingly common in the digital age? Social media platforms, with their global reach, redefine the boundaries of social circles. The ability to connect with individuals across continents challenges the very essence of Dunbar’s number. 【答案】 1．D 2．G 3．I 4．B 5．K 6．H 7．C 8．A 9．F 10．E 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要讨论了在数字时代，邓巴数字是否仍然具有相关性，以及社交媒体对社交圈子和人际关系的影响。 1．考查动词过去分词。句意：传统上设定为大约 150 个连接，这个由罗宾・邓巴创造的概念，其根源在于人类大脑的进化发展。根据“by Robin Dunbar”可知，coin“创造（新词语）”符合句意，this concept与coin之间是逻辑上被动关系，过去分词短语coined by Robin Dunbar作后置定语。故填D。 2．考查名词。句意：然而，当我们在数字时代的广阔领域中航行时，我们的社会联系远远超出了地理边界。“landscape” 有 “（社会、政治等的）形势，局面” 的意思，符合句意。“the vast landscape of the digital age” 表示 “数字时代的广阔领域”。故填G。 3．考查名词。句意：那么问题来了：邓巴数字是否仍然保持其相关性，还是数字时代改写了社会连接的规则？根据下文“or does the digital era rewrite the rules of social connectivity?”可知，“relevance” 意为 “相关性；重要性”符合句意，作宾语。故填I。 4．考查名词。句意：邓巴数字是认知进化的产物，它反映了我们大脑处理社会关系的有限能力。capacity“能力；容量” 符合句子，作宾语，“the limited capacity of our brains” 表示 “我们大脑的有限能力”。故填B。 5．考查形容词。句意：它在从紧密联系的部落到庞大的社会结构等各种社会中都有体现，这凸显了它的普遍性。根据下文“expansive social structures”可知，tight-knit意为 “紧密结合的；关系紧密的”符合句意，修饰 “tribes”，表示 “紧密联系的部落”。故填K。 6．考查名词。句意：似乎大脑对我们社交圈子的深度和广度施加了一种自然的限制。“limit” 有 “限制；限度” 的意思，作宾语，符合句意。“imposes a natural limit” 表示 “施加一种自然的限制”。故填H。 7．考查名词。句意：一项发表在《网络心理学、行为和社交网络》上的研究探讨了社交媒体使用对社交圈子大小和人际关系亲密度的影响。“closeness” 意为 “亲密；密切”，作宾语，符合句意。故填C。 8．考查形容词短语。句意：此外，这些发现与对线上或线下朋友的亲近感无关。“be associated with” 是固定短语，意为 “与…… 有关”符合句意。故填A。 9．考查动词。句意：一方面，这些平台增强了我们与大量不同类型的人建立联系的能力。“enhance” 有 “提高；增强” 的意思，符合语境。陈述客观事实，为一般现在时。故填F。 10．考查形容词。句意：或者它们是否导致了在数字时代越来越普遍的相互矛盾的社会过载和孤立感？“contradictory” 意为 “相互矛盾的；对立的”，修饰 “feelings”，表示 “相互矛盾的感觉”。作定语，符合句意。故填E。 Passage 3 （24-25高二下·上海·期中）Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．identified    B．interpretation    C． detect   D．application    E. regional    F. confused     G. relation      H. exist       I. follow       J. commercial       K. impact Recently, British university researchers said that a computer programme can help Asian students to deal with 1 English accents which are difficult to understand. This is good news for students who get 2 by different English accents. Computer scientists at Nottingham University said that some Asian students in Britain find it difficult to understand the range of different English accents. Among native English speakers, many different accents 3 . Some accents are easily 4 by certain characteristics. But more variations can be difficult to understand. Difficulties can be experienced in the process of differentiating sounds at the end of spoken English words, like rope versus robe, and at the start, like tin versus thin. This can make continuous speech difficult to 5 , as misunderstanding a single word can significantly change the whole 6 of a sentence. It would be useful to have something that would make it easier for foreign students to understand different English accents. The researchers’ Spoken English Discrimination (SED) training programme can train Chinese speakers in how to 7 differences in speech sounds in difficult conditions, such as accented speech or in situations in which there are a number of sounds in the background, a university release reported. “Our findings have shown that SED training programme really does have a significant 8 on enabling Asian students to differentiate between sounds,” researcher Nicola Pitchford said. “There is 9 potential for SED．There has already been interest in the programme, from government organizations, through to a major Chinese mobile phone company who is interested in developing it into an educational phone 10 .” 【答案】 1．E 2．F 3．H 4．A 5．I 6．B 7．C 8．K 9．J 10．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一种能帮助亚洲学生应对难懂的英语口音的计算机程序，其SED培训计划有商业潜力，已引起政府组织等关注 。 1．考查形容词。句意：最近，英国大学的研究人员表示，计算机程序可以帮助亚洲学生处理难以理解的地区性英语口音。根据句中“a computer programme can help Asian students to deal with以及English accents which are difficult to understand”可知，此处表示处理难以理解的地区性英语口音，空处应用形容词regional“地区的”，修饰名词English accents，符合题意。故填E。 2．考查形容词。句意：这对被不同英语口音搞得困惑的学生来说是个好消息。根据句中“by different English accents”可知，此处表示被不同英语口音搞得困惑，空处应用形容词confused“困惑的”，作表语。故填F。 3．考查动词。句意：在以英语为母语的人中，存在着许多不同的口音。根据句中“Among native English speakers”可知，此处表示在以英语为母语的人中，存在着许多不同的口音，空处应用动词exist“存在”，句子是一般现在时，主语是复数，谓语动词用原形。故填H。 4．考查动词。句意：有些口音很容易通过某些特征识别出来。根据句中“by certain characteristics”可知，此处表示有些口音很容易通过某些特征识别出来，空处应用动词identify“识别”，与accents是被动关系，应用过去分词identified，与are构成一般现在时的被动语态。故填A。 5．考查动词。句意：这可能会使连续的演讲难以理解，因为误解一个单词可能会显著改变整个句子的意思。根据句中“as misunderstanding a single word can significantly change the whole”可知，此处表示误解一个单词可能会显著改变整个句子的意思，所以这可能会使连续的演讲难以理解，空处应用动词follow“理解”，make sth. difficult to do sth.“使某事难以做”，to后跟动词原形。故填I。 6．考查名词。句意：这可能会使连续的演讲难以理解，因为误解一个单词可能会显著改变整个句子的意思。根据句中“as misunderstanding a single word can significantly change the whole”可知，此处表示误解一个单词可能会显著改变整个句子的意思，空处应用名词interpretation“解释，理解”，作宾语。故填B。 7．考查动词。句意：据大学发布的一份报告称，研究人员的英语口语辨别（SED）培训计划可以训练说汉语的人如何在困难的情况下，如口音演讲或在背景中有大量声音的情况下，辨别语音中的差异。根据句中“differences in speech sounds in difficult conditions”可知，此处表示在困难的情况下辨别语音中的差异，空处应用动词detect“辨别”，how to do sth.“如何做某事”，to后跟动词原形。故填C。 8．考查名词。句意：研究人员尼古拉·皮奇福德说：“我们的研究结果表明，SED培训计划确实对亚洲学生区分声音的能力有重大影响。”根据句中“on enabling Asian students to differentiate between sounds”可知，此处表示SED培训计划确实对亚洲学生区分声音的能力有重大影响，空处应用名词impact“影响”，have a significant impact on“对……有重大影响”。故填K。 9．考查形容词。句意：SED有商业潜力。根据句中“There has already been interest in the programme, from government organizations”可知，此处表示SED有商业潜力，空处应用形容词commercial“商业的”，作定语，修饰potential。故填J。 10．考查名词。句意：政府组织已经对该项目产生了兴趣，一家主要的中国手机公司也有兴趣将其开发成一款教育手机应用程序。根据句中“a major Chinese mobile phone company who is interested in developing it into an educational phone”可知，此处表示一家主要的中国手机公司也有兴趣将其开发成一款教育手机应用程序，空处应用名词application“应用程序”，作宾语。故填D。 话题6人与自然 Passage 1 （24-25高二下·上海嘉定·期中）Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．adventures  B．companions  C． lighting  D．gentle  E. inspiring F. isolated  G. patterns  H. surrounded  I. warmth  J. natural  K. welcoming A Writer’s Home Every year, Ava MacKinnon, who writes about nature and the environment, looks forward to spending time in her home in the Scottish Highlands. It’s a special spot where she feels at peace, 1 by nature’s beauty. Her little cottage near Loch Affric isn’t just a place to stay; it’s where her heart feels most at home, away from the noise and rush of cities. It’s her perfect spot for writing. In this quiet part of the world, Ava wakes up to the cheerful music of the birds and the 2 light of the morning sun streaming in. She writes her stories on an old, reliable typewriter. Everything she sees around her, from the local wildlife to the delicate 3 made by frost on the glass, captures her imagination and becomes part of her writing. For Ava, 4 and stories don’t require a long journey. They are right outside her door, in the forest, by the lake, and in the mountains. She takes these experiences and weaves them into her work, helping others see the beauty and importance of the 5 world. In the afternoons, Ava often goes for walks. The quiet paths by the lake and the rustling (沙沙作响的) leaves are like friends, sharing their secrets and 6 her next piece. This connection to nature is what makes her writing so special. When the day starts to fade, Ava finds 7 and comfort in her cottage. The fire and the taste of hot tea are her evening 8 . She reflects on the day’s writing and gathers her thoughts for the next day. Although she enjoys being alone, she doesn’t feel 9 . The local community is friendly and 10 , and their histories enrich her own stories, adding a sense of time to her environmental messages. 【答案】 1．H 2．D 3．G 4．A 5．J 6．E 7．I 8．B 9．F 10．K 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。短文主要介绍了自然与环境作家艾娃・麦金农位于苏格兰高地的家，描绘了她在那里的生活及创作，展现了自然环境对她写作的影响以及当地社区的氛围。 1．考查过去分词。句意：这是一个特别的地方，她在这里感到宁静，被自然之美环绕。根据“by nature’s beauty”可知，“surrounded by...” 为过去分词短语作状语，表示 “被…… 环绕”，符合句意，故填H。 2．考查形容词。句意：在这个宁静的世界里，艾娃在鸟儿欢快的歌声和清晨柔和的阳光照耀下醒来。根据上文“In this quiet part of the world”可知，“gentle” 意为 “柔和的”，修饰 “light”作定语，形容阳光柔和，符合句意。故填D。 3．考查名词。句意：她周围看到的一切，从当地的野生动物到玻璃上霜形成的精致图案，都激发了她的想象力，并成为她写作的一部分。根据下文“made by frost on the glass”可知，“patterns” 表示 “图案”作宾语。符合句意，故填G。 4．考查名词。句意：对艾娃来说，冒险和故事不需要长途旅行。“adventures”与“stories” 并列作主语，意为 “冒险经历”，符合句意，故填A。 5．考查形容词。句意：她将这些经历融入作品中，帮助其他人看到自然世界的美丽和重要性。“natural world” 表示“自然世界”，“natural”修饰“world”作定语，符合句意。故填J。 6．考查现在分词。句意：湖边安静的小径和沙沙作响的树叶就像朋友一样，分享它们的秘密并激发她的下一篇作品。根据上文“The quiet paths by the lake and the rustling (沙沙作响的) leaves”可知，“inspiring” 为现在分词作状语，与“sharing” 并列，意为 “激发”，符合句意。故填E。 7．考查名词。句意：当白昼开始消逝，艾娃在她的小屋里找到了温暖和慰藉。“warmth”与 “comfort”并列作宾语，意为 “温暖”，符合在小屋中感受到温暖的语境，符合句意。故填I。 8．考查名词。句意：炉火和热茶的味道是她夜晚的陪伴。根据上文“The fire and the taste of hot tea”可知，“companions” 表示 “陪伴者；伙伴”，符合句意，作表语。故填B。 9．考查形容词。句意：尽管她喜欢独处，但她并不感到孤独。根据上文“Although she enjoys being alone”可知，“isolated” 意为 “孤独的；孤立的”作表语，符合句意，故填F。 10．考查形容词。句意：当地社区友好且热情好客，他们的历史丰富了她自己的故事，为她的环保信息增添了一种历史感。“welcoming”意为“热情好客的”，与“friendly”并列作表语，故填K。 Passage 2 （23-24高二下·上海黄浦·期中）Directions: After reading the passage below, fil in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can be used only once. Nore that there is one more word than you need. A．approached     B．claims        C． cover     D．crises      E. hardly     F left G. occurrence     H. reluctantly     I. spill       J. stricken     K. warnings THE WILSONS RIVER broke its banks on the night of February 27th while Lismore, a town of around 30, 000 in New South Wales, was sleeping. Its residents slept through early-hours emergency 1 that “risk to life was approaching”. Within bours the town was submerged. Residents scrambled into their attics. Mothers carried children onto rooftops. An army of locals launched tin boats into the floods to save them. Four people died. Eastern Australia has been 2 by what politicians call “once-in-1, 000-year” flooding. It has already had a rainy summer because of La Nia, a phenomenon which triggers downpours there. Brisbane, Queensland's capital, received almost 80% of its annual rainfall in less than a week in February, flooding 15, 000 homes. As the rain 3 northern New South Wales, it ripped up roads and drowned herds of cattle. Storms hit Sydney on March 8th, causing a dam to 4 over. Some 50, 000 people in the state have been forced to evacuate. Scientists are careful when blaming floods on global warming because everything from rainfall to urban development contributes to them. Whatever the cause, extreme weather is now a regular 5 in Australia. In 2019 and 2020 vast lands of the country were torched in bushfires which destroyed more than 3, 000 homes and killed 33 people. When disaster strikes, official aid is often slow to come. In 2019 the federal government set aside almost A$4bn ($2. 9bn) fora fund that would help it respond to 6 and relieve future ones. But it has spent 7 any of that money. It has now deployed the army and is dishing out cash to victims, but locals get angry that they were 8 for days without power or fuel as supplies of food and water shrank. A debate now continues about how or even whether places like Lismore should rebuild. Analysts think the floods might trigger insurance 9 worth more than A$3bn. Premiums (保险费) are already so high in disaster-prone towns that many locals can no longer afford 10 . “If we are going to start thinking every time there's a natural disaster that we have to give up and leave because it's too hard, then where are we going to live?” asks Lismore's mayor, Steve Krieg. That is becoming a question for ever more Australians. 【答案】 1．K 2．J 3．A 4．I 5．G 6．D 7．E 8．F 9．B 10．C 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了澳大利亚东部遭遇千年一遇洪水，新南威尔士州利斯莫尔镇受灾严重，四人死亡。气候变化导致极端天气频发，官方救助反应迟缓，引发民众不满。洪水或致巨额保险索赔，高额保费使灾区居民难以承担，未来重建面临困境。 1．考查名词。句意：它的居民睡到凌晨，紧急警告说“生命危险正在逼近”。根据空前的“early-hours emergency”以及空后的“that “risk to life was approaching””可知，凌晨的紧急警告说有生命危险正在接近，因为威尔逊河决堤。warning“警告”，为可数名词，符合语境。此处发出的并不止一个警告，所以用该单词的复数形式。故选K。 2．考查动词。句意：澳大利亚东部遭受了政客们所谓的“千年一遇”的洪水侵袭。分析句子结构可知，空处需要动词的过去分词和前面的has been构成现在完成时态的被动语态，在句中作谓语。strike为动词“袭击”，符合语境。此处表示澳大利亚东部被洪水袭击了。故选J。 3．考查动词。句意：当雨水逼近新南威尔士州北部时，冲毁了道路，淹死了牛群。分析句子结构可知，空处需要动词作时间状语从句的谓语。approach“接近”，符合语境。根据主句中的ripped可知，此处陈述的过去的事实，所以用一般过去时态。故选A。 4．考查动词。句意：3月8日，暴风雨袭击悉尼，导致一座水坝溢流。根据空前的动词不定式符号to可知，空处需要动词。spill“溢出”，符合语境，表示暴风雨让一座大坝的水溢出来了。故选I。 5．考查名词。句意：无论是什么原因，极端天气现在在澳大利亚经常发生。根据空前的形容词可知，空处需要名词。根据下文“In 2019 and 2020 vast lands of the country were torched in bushfires”可知，极端天气在澳大利亚经常发生，2019年和2020年，该国大片土地在丛林大火中被烧毁。occurrence为名词“发生”，符合语境。故选G。 6．考查名词。句意：2019年，联邦政府拨出了近40亿澳元（29亿美元）的基金，用于帮助其应对危机和缓解未来的危机。分析句子结构可知，空处需要名词作介词to的宾语。根据上文“In 2019 the federal government set aside almost A$4bn ($2.9bn) fora fund”可知，政府拨钱来应对这些环境危机。crisis“危机”，符合语境。根据下文中的ones可知，此处不止一个危机，所以该名词用复数形式crises。故选D。 7．考查副词。句意：但它几乎没有花掉那笔钱的任何部分。根据转折连词but可知，虽然政府拨出了近40亿澳元，用于帮助其应对危机和缓解未来的危机，但是这笔钱几乎没有花掉。hardly为副词“几乎不”，符合语境，在句中作状语。故选E。 8．考查动词。句意：现在政府已经出动了军队并向灾民分发现金，但当地居民对此感到愤怒，因为他们连续多天断电断油，同时食物和水源供应也在减少。根据句意以及空前的were可知，空处需要动词leave的过去分词left，构成被动语态，用来描述当地居民的一种状态，即他们被留在(were left) 那种困境中——连续几天没有电力或燃油，同时食物和水源供应也在减少。故选F。 9．考查名词。句意：分析人士认为，洪水可能会触发价值超过30亿澳元的保险索赔。根据下文“Premiums (保险费) are already so high in disaster-prone towns”可知，当自然灾害如洪水发生后，受到影响的个人或企业会根据他们之前购买的保险政策向保险公司提出索赔要求，insurance claims“保险索赔”。故选B。 10．考查动词。句意：在那些容易遭受灾害的城镇中，保险费用已经非常高，以至于许多当地居民再也无法承担保险保障了。根据句中的“Premiums (保险费) are already so high in disaster-prone towns”可知，空处需要名词cover，该单词在此处是保险业的术语，指的是保险保障或者保险覆盖。故选C。 Passage 3 （24-25高二下·上海·期末）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．unrecognized B．consequently C．fiction D．advanced E．historically F．understanding G．identify H．picture I．unaffected J．long-standing K．breakthroughs A New Dark Age Possibility Imagine a future in which humanity’s wisdom about Earth — our vast experience with weather trends, fish migration patterns and much more — turns out-of-date. Civilization enters a dark age in its 1 of our planet. To comprehend, how this could occur, 2 yourself in our grandchildren’s time. Significant global warming has occurred, as scientists predicted. Nature’s 3 patterns — relied on for millennia by humanity to plan everything — are no longer so reliable. Cycles that have been largely repeatable are disrupted (打乱) by dramatic climate changes. As Earth’s warming becomes stable, new patterns begin to appear. At first, they are hard to 4 These new patterns need many years — sometimes decades — to reveal themselves fully. Until then, farmers will struggle to predict new seasonal patterns and regularly plant wrong crops. Early signs of major disasters will go 5 . Disruptive impacts will be widespread. Such a dark age is a growing possibility. In a recent report, scientists concluded that human-caused global warming was already changing patterns of some extreme weather events. Our foundation of Earth knowledge, largely obtained from 6 observed patterns, has been central to society’s progress. Early cultures kept track of nature’s ebb and flow (起伏盛衰), passing improved knowledge about Earth to each new generation. Science has sped up this process through 7 observation methods. However, as Earth warms, our historical understanding will turn out-of-date faster than we can replace it with new knowledge. Some patterns will change significantly; others will be largely 8 though it will be difficult to say what will change, by how much, and when. Without big scientific 9 , we will remain reliant on pattern-based methods. The problem is, these patterns will become increasingly difficult to track. Predicting extreme weather may become even tougher than it is today. We 10 will face huge challenges. Our grandchildren could grow up knowing less about the planet than we do today. This is not what we want to leave them, yet we are on the edge of ensuring this happens. 【答案】 1．F 2．H 3．J 4．G 5．A 6．E 7．D 8．I 9．K 10．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了全球变暖可能导致人类对地球的认知陷入“新黑暗时代”的风险：气候模式的改变会使传统知识过时，若缺乏科学突破，人类将难以适应新变化，面临巨大挑战。 1．考查名词。句意：文明在对我们星球的理解上进入了一个黑暗时代。根据上文“humanity’s wisdom about Earth — our vast experience with weather trends, fish migration patterns and much more(人类对地球的智慧——我们对天气趋势、鱼类迁徙模式等的丰富经验)”可知，此处指对地球的理解进入黑暗时代，空处应用名词understanding，表示“理解”，作介词in的宾语。故选F。 2．考查动词。句意：为了理解这是如何发生的，想象一下自己身处孙辈的时代。分析句子结构可知，此处为祈使句，空处应用动词原形，结合“身处孙辈时代”的语境可知，此处应用picture表示“想象”。故选H。 3．考查形容词。句意：人类数千年来赖以规划一切的自然长期模式不再那么可靠。根据下文“relied on for millennia(依赖了几千年)”可知，此处指自然长期模式不再可靠，空处应用形容词long-standing，表示“长期的”，修饰名词patterns。故选J。 4．考查动词。句意：起初，它们很难识别。根据下文“These new patterns need many years — sometimes decades — to reveal themselves fully.”可知，新的模式需要很多年才能完全显现，所以起初很难识别，空处应用动词identify，表示“识别”，且空前有不定式符号to，所以空处用动词原形。故选G。 5．考查形容词。句意：重大灾难的早期迹象将不被注意。根据上文“These new patterns need many years — sometimes decades — to reveal themselves fully. Until then, farmers will struggle to predict new seasonal patterns and regularly plant wrong crops.(这些新的模式需要很多年——有时是几十年——才能完全显露出来。在此之前，农民将难以预测新的季节模式，并经常种植错误的作物)”可知，此处指重大灾难的早期迹象将不被注意，“go + 形容词”表示状态，空处应用形容词unrecognized，表示“未被注意的”，作表语。故选A。 6．考查副词。句意：我们对地球知识的基础，主要来自于对历史上观察到的模式的理解，一直是社会进步的核心。根据下文“Early cultures kept track of nature’s ebb and flow (起伏盛衰), passing improved knowledge about Earth to each new generation.(早期的文化记录着自然的起伏盛衰，将对地球的认识传给每一代新人)”可知，此处指对历史上观察到的模式的理解，空处应用副词historically，表示“历史上地”，修饰动词observed。故选E。 7．考查形容词。句意：科学通过先进的观察方法加速了这一过程。根据“Science has sped up this process”可知，此处指先进的观察方法加速了这一过程，空处应用形容词advanced，表示“先进的”，修饰名词observation methods。故选D。 8．考查形容词。句意：一些模式将发生重大变化；而其他模式将基本不受影响，尽管很难说哪些会改变，改变多少，以及何时改变。此处和上文“Some patterns will change significantly”形成对比，故指其他模式将基本不受影响，空处应用形容词unaffected，表示“不受影响的”，作表语。故选I。 9．考查名词。句意：如果没有重大的科学突破，我们将继续依赖基于模式的方法。根据“we will remain reliant on pattern-based methods”可知，此处指如果没有重大的科学突破，空处应用名词breakthroughs，表示“突破”，作介词without的宾语。故选K。 10．考查副词。句意：我们因此将面临巨大的挑战。根据上文“we will remain reliant on pattern-based methods”和“The problem is, these patterns will become increasingly difficult to track. Predicting extreme weather may become even tougher than it is today.(问题是，这些模式将变得越来越难以追踪。预测极端天气可能会比现在更加困难)”可知，此处指无疑将面临巨大的挑战，应用副词consequently，表示“因此，无疑地”，来表示一种因果关系。故选B。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $