考前押题03 语法填空6大常考话题（期中专项训练）高二英语下学期沪教版

考前押题03 语法填空6大常考话题 话题1 生活与学习 话题4 历史、社会与文化 话题2 做人与做事 话题5 科学与技术 话题3 文学、艺术与体育 话题6 人与自然 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 话题1 生活与学习 Passage 1 （24-25高二下·上海嘉定·期中）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Shop Smart During Store Closing Sales When a major store like Toys R Us goes out of business, it’s easy to assume that everything on the shelves is being sold at a huge discount. “Store Closing” signs make shoppers feel pressured to act fast, encouraging them 1 (rush) in and grab what they can. But in reality, liquidation sales often require careful attention if you want to find real value. Liquidation sales, which are special sales held when a store is going out of business, 2 (design) to sell off all items quickly — but that doesn’t necessarily mean the prices are the lowest. Many liquidation events begin 3 not-so-big discounts, usually around 20%, and the reductions deepen as time goes on. By then, however, the most desirable items may already be gone. That’s 4 experts recommend comparing prices at other stores or online before making a purchase. Shoppers should also be careful when using gift cards. Once a store files for bankruptcy (破产), it may stop 5 (honor) gift cards without warning. This happened when Borders shut down in 2011 — many customers were left holding worthless cards. 6 (use) in a timely manner, a gift card from a closing store can still hold its full value. Another important point: check every item thoroughly. In most cases, liquidation purchases are final sale, meaning you can’t return anything 7 it’s damaged. Electronics, in particular, 8 be tested or inspected before buying. Be mindful of marketing tricks too. Phrases like “Everything Must Go!” or “Best Prices Ever!” often 9 (create) pressure. Instead of buying on impulse (冲动), take a moment to ask yourself whether the item is really worth it. In short, store closures can offer great deals — but only to shoppers 10 do their homework, stay alert, and shop smart. 【答案】 1．to rush 2．are designed 3．with 4．why 5．honoring 6．Used 7．even if 8．should 9．create 10．who 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了商店清仓甩卖时的购物技巧。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：“商店清仓”的招牌让购物者感到有压力要迅速行动，鼓励他们冲进去抢购所能抢到的东西。encourage sb. to do sth.是固定用法，意为“鼓励某人做某事”，此处用不定式作宾语补足语。故填to rush。 2．考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：清仓甩卖是商店停业时举行的特殊销售活动，旨在迅速售罄所有商品，但这并不一定意味着价格是最低的。design (设计)是谓语动词，与主语Liquidation sales之间是被动关系，描述客观事实用一般现在时，主语是复数，谓语动词用复数形式；综上，谓语动词用一般现在时被动语态，复数形式；be designed to do“被设计用于……；目的是……”。故填are designed。 3．考查介词。句意：许多清仓活动开始时折扣并不大，通常在20%左右，随着时间的推移折扣会加深。begin with是固定短语，意为“以……开始”，符合语境。故填with。 4．考查表语从句。句意：这就是为什么专家建议在购买之前比较其他商店或网上的价格。“That’s _____ experts recommend...”是表语从句，结合句意，表示“这就是为什么……”，用连接副词why引导该从句，并在从句中作原因状语。故填why。 5．考查非谓语动词。句意：一旦商店申请破产，它可能会在没有警告的情况下停止兑现礼品卡。stop doing sth.是固定用法，意为“停止做某事”，此处表示停止兑现礼品卡。故填honoring。 6．考查非谓语动词。句意：如果能及时使用，一家即将关闭的商店的礼品卡仍然可以保持其全部价值。“(use) in a timely manner”作条件状语，use (使用)是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语a gift card之间是被动关系，用过去分词表被动；句首单词首字母大写。故填Used。 7．考查连词。句意：在大多数情况下，清仓购买是最终销售，这意味着即使商品有损坏，你不能退货。根据“you can’t return anything”和“it’s damaged”可知，前后是让步关系，用连词even if (即使)引导让步状语从句，意为“即使商品有损坏”，与前文中“final sale”语意一致。故填even if。 8．考查情态动词。句意：特别是电子产品，在购买前应该进行测试或检查。根据语境可知，此处表示建议，用情态动词should (应该)，符合语境。故填should。 9．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：像“全部清仓！”或“史上最低价！”这样的短语常常会造成压力。create (造成)是谓语动词，描述客观事实用一般现在时，主语是复数名词Phrases，谓语动词用复数形式。故填create。 10．考查定语从句。句意：简而言之，商店清仓可以提供很好的交易，但只针对那些做好功课、保持警惕并明智购物的购物者。“_____ do their homework, stay alert, and shop smart”为限制性定语从句，修饰先行词shoppers，指人，关系词将其代入定语从句中作主语，应使用关系代词who引导该从句。故填who。 Passage 2 （23-24高二下·上海浦东新·期中）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. To better understand how people express gratitude in normal life, anthropologist (人类学家) Simcon Floyd, at the Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics (心理语言学) in Netherlands and his colleagues organised a large, cross-cultural study covering five continents and eight languages. That 1 (include) English, Italian, Polish, Russian and Lao, as well as unwritten languages such as Cha’palaa, spoken in Ecuador, Murrinh-Patha, used in northern Australia, and Siwu, spoken in Ghana. Both verbal and non-verbal expressions of gratitude, such as a smile or a nod, 2 (regard) as interactions. Floyd’s team left cameras in household and community settings and captured more than 1,500 instances of social interactions 3 one person asked for something and another responded. They found that in every culture, people fulfilled requests, but expressions of gratitude, such as saying “thanks” or nodding in appreciation, were remarkably rare, 4 (occur) just 5.5 percent of the time. English and Italian speakers had slightly 5 (high) rates of gratitude expression — 14.5 percent and 13.5 percent of the time respectively. However, that’s still surprisingly low considering 6 polite Western people think they are, says Floyd. “English speakers are not so different from other people, and often prefer not to express gratitude in informal contexts,” he says. Cha’palaa speakers had the lowest frequency of expressed gratitude, 7 zero examples in 96 recorded interactions. But this starts to make sense 8 you learn that the language has no easy way to say “thank you”. Also surprised by the findings was David Peterson, linguist (语言学家) who developed the 9 (construct) language Dothraki for the TV show Game of Thrones. It too, has no word for thank you, something Peterson initially considered unlikely. “I thought that you had to have a word 10 (express) gratitude,” he says. 【答案】 1．included 2．were regarded 3．in which/where 4．occurring 5．higher 6．how 7．with 8．once 9．constructed 10．to express 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章详细描述了人类学家进行的一项跨文化研究，探讨了不同文化中人们如何表达感激之情，并对研究结果进行了分析和解释。 1．考查动词时态。句意：这包括英语、意大利语、波兰语、俄语和老挝语，以及一些不成文的语言，如厄瓜多尔使用的Cha’palaa语、澳大利亚北部使用的Murrinh-Patha语和加纳使用的Siwu语。include作本句谓语，本句描述过去发生的事情，时态用一般过去时。故填included。 2．考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：口头和非口头表达的感激，如微笑或点头，都被视为互动。regard作本句谓语，和主语Both verbal and non-verbal expressions of gratitude之间是被动关系，用被动语态，描述的是已发生的事，用一般过去时，且主语是复数，be动词应用were。故填were regarded。 3．考查定语从句。句意：Floyd的团队在家庭和社区设置了摄像头，并捕捉了1500多个社交互动的实例，其中一个人提出要求，另一个人回应。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词是social interactions，在从句中作地点状语，用where或者in which引导。故填where/in which。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：他们发现，在每种文化中，人们都会完成请求，但表达感激之情，比如说“谢谢”或点头表示赞赏，却非常罕见，只占5.5%。句子已有谓语，空处是非谓语动词，occur和逻辑主语expressions of gratitude之间是主动关系，故用现在分词，作状语。故填occurring。 5．考查形容词比较级。句意：说英语和意大利语的人表达感激之情的比例略高，分别为14.5%和13.5%。结合语境可知，此处有比较的含义，表示“更高的比例”，且前面有副词slightly修饰，所以用形容词high的比较级形式。故填higher。 6．考查宾语从句。句意：然而，Floyd说，考虑到西方人认为自己多么有礼貌，这个比例仍然低得令人惊讶。此处是一个宾语从句，从句是主系表结构，空处修饰形容词polite，应用连接副词how引导宾语从句，表示“西方人认为自己多么有礼貌”。故填how。 7．考查介词。句意：在96次记录的互动中，Cha’palaa语使用者表达感激的频率最低，为零。结合“zero examples in 96 recorded interactions”可知，此处表示“有着”，用介词with。故填with。 8．考查状语从句。句意：但一旦你了解到这门语言没有简单的方式说“谢谢”，这就开始说得通了。空处前后为两个句子，所以空处应填连词，结合前后内容可知，此处表达“一旦”之意，应用once引导条件状语从句。故填once。 9．考查非谓语动词。句意：同样对这些发现感到惊讶的还有语言学家David Peterson，他为电视剧《权力的游戏》创造了一种构造语言Dothraki语。此处是非谓语动词作定语，修饰language，且language和construct之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词作定语。故填constructed。 10．考查非谓语动词。句意：他说：“我以为你必须有一个词来表达感激之情。”本句已有谓语，所以express用非谓语形式，此处表word的功能，用不定式作定语，表示“一个用来表达感激之情的词”。故填to express。 Passage 3 （24-25高二下·上海·月考）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. I was eighteen, summer fading, when my parents drove me to my university apartment. It was my first apartment. 1 my parents were quietly stepping back from this moment became clear as I walked them solemnly back to their car, noticing my mother’s tear-filled eyes. I struggled to hold back my own. Such a strong woman was she 2 it was rare to see such a show of emotion. At the time, I was rather surprised. Being 3 (young) of five children, I thought that my parents were accustomed to 4 (let) go. But maybe it’s something that never gets any easier, no matter how many practice swings you get. As my parents drove off, I realized that they would return to an empty home, 5 all of their children leaving to pursue dreams and lives of their own. Their nest, 6 had been full of love and joy for so long, was now empty. Relishing  ( 憧憬) my new-found freedom, I concentrated on my college life. My parents did their best to give me space to learn and grow, 7 I neglected to call or visit. It was a time of “firsts,” and a taste of first “lasts.” I have recently been playing Travel Frog, a mobile game that has me emotionally 8 (influence). In the game you gather resources, send your frog on his adventures and your payoff is, *drum roll please*…postcards. That’s right, postcards. I thought it was a silly, overly-simplistic game at first, but then it started to bring back memories from long ago. While the game lacks the narrative detail or the interactivity of other games, you have a lesson 9 (learn) from your itinerant (四处奔波的) “Frog Son”. You do not control when he sets off on his adventures, nor can you be sure that your hard work will land you a coveted (梦寐以求的) postcard. This game, however, has emotionally affected many players. They 10 (remind) of their parents who restlessly await their return home, their familiar voices, their love. Parents sacrifice a large part of themselves for their children. It is a sacrifice that can only be paid back with love. 【答案】 1．That 2．that 3．the youngest 4．letting 5．with 6．which 7．even if/even though 8．influenced 9．to learn 10．are reminded 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。本文作者讲述了18岁初入大学，父母送自己去公寓后离开，自己当时因享受自由而疏于与父母联系。近期玩游戏《旅行青蛙》，由此联想到父母，意识到父母为孩子牺牲很多，应该用爱回报他们。 1．考查主语从句。句意：当我郑重地陪父母走回他们的车时，我清楚地意识到父母正悄然从这一刻退场，我注意到母亲满是泪水的眼睛。分析句子结构可知，“____ my parents were quietly stepping back from this moment”为主语从句，该从句结构和意义完整，故用that引导，that在主语从句中只起连接作用，不充当任何成分。故填That。 2．考查固定句型。句意：她是如此坚强的一个女人，以至于很少看到她如此表露情感。such…that…为固定句型，意为“如此……以至于……”，引导结果状语从句。故填that。 3．考查形容词最高级。句意：作为五个孩子中最小的一个，我原以为父母已经习惯了放手。根据“of five children”可知，此处表示在五个孩子中进行比较，应用形容词最高级，且最高级前要加定冠词the。故填the youngest。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：作为五个孩子中最小的一个，我原以为父母已经习惯了放手。be accustomed to doing sth.为固定搭配，意为“习惯于做某事”，to为介词，后接动名词作宾语。故填letting。 5．考查with复合结构。句意：当父母开车离开时，我意识到他们将回到一个空荡荡的家，因为他们所有的孩子都离开去追寻自己的梦想和生活。此处为“with +宾语+宾语补足语”的复合结构，在句中作状语，故填with。 6．考查定语从句。句意：他们的家，长久以来充满爱与欢乐，现在却空了。此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词为Their nest，指物，在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which引导。故填which。 7．考查让步状语从句。句意：父母尽最大努力给我学习和成长的空间，即使我疏于打电话或看望他们。根据前后文逻辑关系可知，此处表示让步，意为“即使”，故用even if/though引导让步状语从句。故填even if/though。 8．考查非谓语动词。句意：我最近在玩《旅行青蛙》，这是一款让我在情感上受到影响的手机游戏。“have +宾语+宾语补足语”结构中，宾语me与influence之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词influenced作宾语补足语。故填influenced。 9．考查非谓语动词。句意：虽然这款游戏缺乏其他游戏那样的叙事细节或互动性，但你可以从四处奔波的“蛙儿子”身上学到一课。have sth. to do为固定结构，意为“有某事要做”，此处用动词不定式to learn作后置定语，修饰lesson，表示将要做的事情。故填to learn。 10．考查动词语态和时态。句意：他们会想起那些不安地等待他们回家的父母，他们熟悉的声音，他们的爱。此处描述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语They与remind之间是被动关系，所以用一般现在时的被动语态，其结构为“am/is/are +过去分词”，主语They是复数，所以用are reminded。故填are reminded。 话题2 做人与做事 Passage 1 （25-26高二下·上海浦东新·月考）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank When you scroll through social media, do you find yourself thinking you’ve somehow fallen behind in life? Whether it’s a friend’s exciting vacation, a family member’s professional milestones or an influencer’s flawless image, comparison is easy to fall into. But   1 it might feel normal to measure how you’re doing against others, comparisons can drain you   2 mental strength, chip away at your confidence, and take a toll on your well-being. Social media platforms aren’t innocently showing you other people’s lives—they’re intentionally designed to amplify comparison. Algorithms prioritize posts that are most likely to grab your attention, which often means showing content that sparks envy or admiration. If left 3 (uncheck), those comparison contents can steer us away from our own goals and values and leave us feeling stuck and resentful. On top of that, people tend to post their happiest moments and 4 (polish) images. Rarely do you see the sleepless nights, the financial stress, and the fighting couples 5 make up real life. Even the rare honest post about failure often comes with a triumphant comeback story, reinforcing the idea that success 6 quickly follow any setback. Fortunately, once you recognize it’s become a problem, you can learn to break free and regain your confidence. Here are science-backed strategies to help: 1 Create Your Definition of Success It’s hard to compare   7 to someone else if you’re crystal clear on what matters most to you. Create your own definition of success based on your values and goals. Write down what success looks like for you. When you feel the urge to compare, 8 (revisit) this definition to remind yourself that you’re running your own race—not someone else’s. 2 See Others as Sources of Inspiration, Not Competition When someone achieves something you want, resist the urge to frame them as a competitor. Instead, shift your perspective and view them as an “opinion holder” you might learn from. Remember, someone else’s success doesn’t diminish your own. 3 Be Selective About Social Media Social media can be both a blessing and a curse, depending on 9 you engage with it. Pay attention to the accounts you follow. Remember, someone else’s success doesn’t diminish your own. Take steps today 10 (invest) in your mental strength and don’t let comparison steal your time and confidence. 【答案】 1．while/although/though 2．of 3．unchecked 4．polished 5．that 6．should 7．yourself 8．revisit 9．how 10．to invest 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍社交媒体易引发攀比心理，带来精神内耗，并给出科学应对方法。 1．考查连词。句意：虽然拿自己和别人比较可能感觉很正常，但这种比较会消耗你的精神力量，削弱你的自信，并损害你的幸福感。此处引导让步状语从句，表示“虽然，尽管”，所以用while/although/though。故填while/although/though。 2．考查介词。句意：虽然拿自己和别人比较可能感觉很正常，但这种比较会消耗你的精神力量，削弱你的自信，并损害你的幸福感。此处为固定搭配drain sb. of sth.，意为“耗尽某人的某物”，所以用介词of。故填of。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：如果放任不管，这些攀比内容会让我们偏离自己的目标和价值观，让我们感到陷入困境和怨恨。此处为“leave +宾语+宾语补足语”结构的被动形式，uncheck与逻辑主语those comparison contents之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词unchecked。故填unchecked。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：除此之外，人们往往发布自己最快乐的时刻和经过美化的形象。此处作定语修饰名词images，polish与images之间为被动关系，表示“被美化的”，所以用过去分词polished。故填polished。 5．考查定语从句。句意：你很少看到构成真实生活的不眠之夜、经济压力和争吵的夫妻。此处引导定语从句，先行词为the sleepless nights, the financial stress, and the fighting couples，既有人又有物，在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词that。故填that。 6．考查情态动词。句意：即使是罕见的关于失败的真诚帖子，也往往伴随着成功的复出故事，强化了任何挫折后成功都应该迅速到来的观念。空后为动词原形，应为情态动词，结合句意，此处表示“应该”，用于表达观点、建议，所以用情态动词should。故填should。 7．考查代词。句意：如果你清楚什么对你最重要，就很难拿自己和别人比较。此处表示“比较你自己”，与主语you呼应，所以用反身代词yourself。故填yourself。 8．考查动词时态。句意：当你有攀比的冲动时，重温这个定义，提醒自己你在跑自己的赛跑，而不是别人的。此处为祈使句，用动词原形开头，所以用revisit。故填revisit。 9．考查宾语从句。句意：社交媒体可能是福也可能是祸，这取决于你如何使用它。此处引导宾语从句，作介词on的宾语，表示“如何”，在从句中作方式状语，所以用连接副词how。故填how。 10．考查非谓语动词。句意：今天就采取措施增强你的精神力量，不要让攀比偷走你的时间和自信。此处作目的状语，表示“为了投入”，所以用动词不定式to invest。故填to invest。 Passage 2 （24-25高二下·上海闵行·期中）语法填空 What’s wrong with being an amateur? While 1 (read) a recently published report saying “many people who attend plays are themselves involved in a form of amateur drama”, August Schulenburg of the Flux Theatre questioned the divide 2 amateurs and professional artists. One reason for the barrier, he suggests, is fear. “When professional arts organizations perceive their value under threat, they 3 draw rigid lines to protect it. Amateurs are pushed aside out of fear that they will somehow endanger the professional brands.” But for Schulenburg, it’s an outdated attitude towards amateurs. “The professional artist must be among them and of them; the amateur must be an equal partner on the stage.” 4 sounds much like he is advocating the kind of large-scale community work. If so, he might have a point. The importance of forming a community rather than a passive audience is 5 Douglas MacLennan has also picked up recently on a blog. In a post 6 (headline) “Pay attention! If selling tickets is your business model, you've got a problem”, he argues that theatres and other arts institutions will only survive if they “build community rather than audience”. The idea is that you give the public reasons 7 (engage) with your company, you build loyalty so that their support is more than just a consumer transaction. Abigail Katz, a regular theater-goer, wonders 8 theatres offer good value for money. She has written recently in a post at the Playgoer blog that much of the theatre “doesn’t do anything ... doesn’t make me feel anything”. Lynn Conner, one author of the report, also mentioned “I believe what is 9 (appealing) to today’s potential arts audiences is the opportunity to co-author meaning. They don’t want the arts; they want the experience. They want to gain the cultural rights by formıng and exchanging opinions that 10 (value) in the community.” 【答案】 1．reading 2．between 3．must 4．It 5．something/what 6．headlined 7．to engage 8．whether/if 9．the most appealing 10．are valued 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要探讨了业余爱好者与专业艺术家的界限问题，以及艺术机构应注重构建社区而非单纯吸引观众的观点。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：在阅读一份最近发表的报告时，报告中提到“许多去看戏的人自己也参与了某种形式的业余戏剧”，Flux剧院的August Schulenburg对业余爱好者和专业艺术家之间的界限提出了质疑。while引导的时间状语从句中，当从句主语和主句主语一致且从句含有be的某种形式时，可省略从句的主语和be，本句的完整形式为：While August Schulenburg was reading a recently published report...，省略了August Schulenburg was。故填reading。 2．考查介词。句意：在阅读一份最近发表的报告时，报告中提到“许多去看戏的人自己也参与了某种形式的业余戏剧”，Flux剧院的August Schulenburg对业余爱好者和专业艺术家之间的界限提出了质疑。between...and...为固定短语，意为“在……和……之间”。故填between。 3．考查情态动词。句意：当专业的艺术组织认为自己的价值受到威胁时，他们会划出严格的界限来保护它。根据句意可知，此处表示“一定会，必须”，应用情态动词must。故填must。 4．考查代词。句意：“专业艺术家必须融入他们之中，成为他们的一员；业余爱好者必须在舞台上成为平等的伙伴。”这听起来很像他在倡导一种大规模的社区工作。分析句子结构可知，此处应用代词it作主语，指代前面提到的“The professional artist must be among them and of them; the amateur must be an equal partner on the stage”这句话，且谓语句首，首字母需大写。故填It。 5．考查表语从句或不定代词。句意：建立社区而不是被动观众的重要性也是Douglas MacLennan最近在博客上提到的。分析句子结构可知，此处引导表语从句，从句中缺少宾语，表示“……的事情”，应用连接代词what引导；或者此处也可以用不定代词something作主句中的表语且充当先行词，后面为省略了that的定语从句，修饰something。故填something/what。 6．考查非谓语动词。句意：在一篇题为“注意！如果卖票是你的商业模式，你就有问题了”的帖子中，他认为剧院和其他艺术机构只有“建立社区而不是观众”才能生存。分析句子结构可知，逗号后为完整的句子，且无其它连词，所以此处应用headline的非谓语动词形式作后置定语，修饰名词post，headline与post之间为被动关系，应用过去分词形式。故填headlined。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：这个想法是，你给公众理由让他们与你的公司互动，你建立忠诚度，这样他们的支持就不仅仅是一种消费交易。分析句子结构可知，that表语从句中已有谓语动词give，所以此处应用非谓语动词形式作后置定语，修饰名词reasons，表示“与……互动的理由”，应用动词不定式形式。故填to engage。 8．考查宾语从句。句意：经常去看戏的Abigail Katz想知道剧院是否物有所值。分析句子结构可知，此处为wonder后的宾语从句，从句中不缺少成分，根据语意可知，此处表示“是否”，应用whether或if引导。故填whether/if。 9．考查形容词最高级。句意：报告的作者之一Lynn Conner也提到：“我相信，如今最吸引潜在艺术观众的是共同创造意义的最有吸引力的机会。他们不想要艺术；他们想要的是体验。他们想通过形成和交换在社区中被重视的观点来获得文化权利。”根据语境可知，此处表示“最有吸引力的”，应用形容词最高级形式。故填the most appealing。 10．考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：报告的作者之一Lynn Conner也提到：“我相信，如今吸引潜在艺术观众的是共同创造意义的机会。他们不想要艺术；他们想要的是体验。他们想通过形成和交换在社区中被重视的观点来获得文化权利。”分析句子结构可知，此处为that引导的定语从句中的谓语动词，关系词that指代先行词opinions，在从句中作主语，与value之间为被动关系，且句子描述的是一般事实，所以用一般现在时的被动语态，主语为复数，be动词用are。故填are valued。 Passage 3 （24-25高二下·上海闵行·期中）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. The Trouble with Friends On a daily basis, I teach kids. 1 “kids”, I mean teens to college-age, sometimes mid-twenties. Kids talk a lot about their friends, but don't usually talk about their families. Sometimes I'm taken completely by surprise when, months into our knowing each other, a student mentions 2 (have) a twin. I suppose hearing the constant chatter about friends has made me consider my own, and how hard it can be 3 (maintain) these bonds as an adult. Mostly, what I notice is that I lose more friends than I make. An obvious reason for that is marriage. Friends get married and their spouses become their 4 (close) friends. My husband is now the person 5 I spend the most time. I tell him everything because I trust him with my thoughts, 6 stupid they may be. I used to be the same way with friends, but when I tell friends something now, I must accept the possibility that they 7 tell their spouses, who I'm friendly but not friends with. A friendship is truly strained when you don't like the spouse. Sometimes this new person is so far away from 8 you imagined for your friend that you wonder if you knew your friend at all. After marriage, a friend who used to discuss things with you stops doing so, and 9 (update) you only on definitive good news, never the bad, the ugly, or the in-progress. She saves all of that for her partner. In other words, you're no longer included in the problem-solving. Of course, some matters belong first to the marriage: the stuff of intimacy, finance, family. Increasingly, my friends leave me out of these big conversations, and vice versa, but when the outcome is certain, we do update one another, 10 reminds us that we're still friends. 【答案】 1．by 2．having 3．to maintain 4．closest 5．with whom 6．however 7．may/might 8．what 9．updates 10．which 【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，作者作为一名教师，通过学生常谈论朋友而很少谈论家人这一现象，引出自己对成年后维持朋友关系的思考，分析了婚姻对朋友关系的影响。 1．考查介词。句意：我说的“孩子”，指的是青少年到大学年龄的人，有时是二十多岁的人。根据“I mean teens to college-age(指的是青少年到大学年龄的人)”可知，这里表达“通过这个词，我的意思是……”，“by”有“通过，凭借”的意思，符合语境，故填by。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：有时，在我们认识几个月后，当一个学生提到有一个双胞胎时，我会完全感到惊讶。空白处在句子中作宾语，使用动名词，故填having。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：我想，听到关于朋友的不断谈论，让我开始思考我自己的朋友，以及作为一个成年人维持这些关系是多么困难。本句使用了固定句型“it + be + adj. + to do sth.”，“it”是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式，表示一个指向将来的不确定的动作，故填to maintain。 4．考查形容词最高级。句意：朋友们结婚了，他们的配偶成了他们最亲密的朋友。根据上文“their spouses(他们的配偶)”可知，这里表示配偶成为了最亲密的朋友，所以要用形容词的最高级形式，close的最高级是closest，故填closest。 5．考查定语从句。句意：我的丈夫现在是我相处时间最多的人。本句为包含定语从句的复合句，定语从句使用了“介词+关系代词”做引导词，先行词是the person，在从句中“spend time with sb.”是固定搭配，所以关系代词前要加介词with，先行词是人，在介词后要用whom，故填with whom。 6．考查让步状语从句。句意：我什么都跟他讲，因为我信任他，愿意把我的想法告诉他，无论它们可能有多愚蠢。根据上文“I tell him everything because I trust him with my thoughts”以及下文“stupid they may be”可知，上下文之间为转折关系，这里引导让步状语从句，stupid是形容词，however表示“无论多么”，引导让步状语从句时，后接形容词或副词，符合语境，故填however。 7．考查情态动词。句意：我过去和朋友也是这样，但现在当我告诉朋友一些事情时，我必须接受他们可能会告诉他们的配偶的可能性，我和他们的配偶很友好，但不是朋友。根据下文“tell their spouses”，可知这里表示一种可能性，may/might都可以表示“可能”，故填may/might。 8．考查宾语从句。句意：有时，这个新出现的人（配偶）与你为你的朋友所设想的人相差甚远，以至于你怀疑你是否真的了解你的朋友。本句为包含宾语从句的复合句，从句中“imagined”缺少宾语，“what”可以引导宾语从句，并在从句中作宾语，故填what。 9．考查动词时态。句意：结婚后，一个曾经和你讨论事情的朋友不再这样做了，只告诉你确定的好消息，从不告诉你坏消息、糟糕的消息或正在进行中的消息。空白处在句子中作谓语，因句子表示的是一个客观情况，谓语动词使用一般现在时，所以谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式，故填updates。 10．考查定语从句。句意：我的朋友们越来越多地把我排除在这些重大谈话之外，反之亦然，但当结果确定时，我们确实会互相告知，这提醒我们仍然是朋友。本句为包含定语从句的复合句，先行词是前面整个句子，关系词在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which引导定语从句，故填which。 话题3 文学、艺术与体育 Passage 1 （24-25高二下·上海杨浦·期中）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Can AI Create “Great” Poetry? Last week, I sent a request to ChatGPT, the latest artificial intelligence chatbot. In less than a minute, the program had created in full a rhyming Shakespearean sonnet (莎士比亚十四行诗). Tools like ChatGPT seem sure to change the world of poetry — and so much else — but poets also have a lot to teach us about artificial intelligence. If algorithms are getting good at writing poetry, it’s partially 1 poetry was always an algorithmic business. Even the most rebellious poets follow more rules than they might like to admit. When 2 (teach) to imitate the structure of sonnet, schoolchildren are effectively learning to follow algorithmic constraints. 3 it surprise us that computers can do so, too? But considering how ChatGPT works, its ability to follow the rules for sonnets seems 4 (impressive) as no one taught it these rules. It is based on a newer kind of AI known as a large language model (LLM). 5 (put) it simply, LLMs analyze large amounts of human writing and learn to predict the next word which should appear in a string of text, based on context. One frequent criticism of LLMs is that they do not understand 6 they write; they just do a great job of guessing the next word. The moment a private verse by Dickinson makes us feel like the poet speaks directly to us, we 7 (experience) the effects of a technology called language. Of course, every Dickinson poem reflects her intention to create meaning. When ChatGPT puts words together, it intends 8 . Some argue that writings by LLMs therefore have no meaning, only the appearance of it. If I see a cloud in the sky that looks like a giraffe, I recognize it as an accidental similarity. In the same way, this argument goes, we should regard the writings of ChatGPT as merely imitating real language, meaningless and random as cloud shapes. When I showed my friends the sonnet by ChatGPT, they called it “soulless and barren” 9 following all the rules for sonnets. But is the average sonnet by a human any better? 10 we now expect computers to write not just poems but good poems, then we have set a much higher bar. 【答案】 1．because 2．taught 3．Should 4．more impressive 5．To put 6．what 7．are experiencing 8．nothing 9．despite 10．If 【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章探讨了AI创作诗歌的能力，指出虽然AI能完美遵循诗歌规则，但由于缺乏人类的理解和创作意图，其作品仍被认为是“空洞”的；同时提出思考：如果以人类的标准要求AI诗歌，实际上是设定了更高的评判标准。 1．考查表语从句。句意：如果算法越来越擅长写诗，部分原因在于诗歌本身始终是一种算法行为。空处引导表语从句，根据“poetry was always an algorithmic business”可知，此处解释“算法擅长写诗”的原因，因此用because引导从句。故填because。 2．考查状语从句中的省略。句意：当学生们被教导模仿十四行诗的结构时，他们实际上是在学习遵循算法约束。此处用了When引导时间状语从句，且从句的主语和主句的主语一致，从句中含有be动词，因此对主语和be动词同时进行了省略，teach“教导”和被省略的主语schoolchildren之间是被动关系，因此应用teach的过去分词形式。故填taught。 3．考查情态动词。句意：这也应该让我们感到惊讶吗？句子为一般疑问句，动词surprise为原形，空处应为助动词或情态动词，结合前一句内容可知，此处是对“感到惊讶”的合理性提出质疑，表示“应该让我们感到惊讶吗”，因此用情态动词should，且句首单词的首字母需大写。故填Should。 4．考查比较级。句意：但考虑到ChatGPT的工作原理，它在无人教导的情况下掌握十四行诗规则的能力似乎更加令人印象深刻。空处作表语，结合后文“as no one taught it”可知，此处暗示比较，表示比有人教的情况“更令人印象深刻”，因此用impressive的比较级形式。故填more impressive。 5．考查固定短语。句意：简而言之，LLM通过分析大量人类文本，学会根据上下文预测文本中应该出现的下一个词。to put it simply是固定短语，意为“简单来说”，用于在解释或概括复杂问题时提供简明扼要的表达方式，句首单词的首字母需大写。故填To put。 6．考查宾语从句。句意：对大语言模型的一个常见批评是，它们并不理解自己写的内容；它们只是非常擅长猜测下一个词。空处引导名词性从句作understand的宾语，宾语从句缺少宾语，结合“they write”可知，宾语指物，因此用连接代词what作引导词。故填what。 7．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：当狄金森的一首私人诗歌让我们感觉诗人直接在对我们倾诉时，我们正在体验一种叫做“语言”的技术效果。空处作主句的谓语，结合“The moment”可知，应用现在进行时强调那一刻正在发生的体验，主语是we，be动词应用are。故填are experiencing。 8．考查代词。句意：而当ChatGPT将词语组合在一起时，它没有任何意图。空处作intends的宾语，结合前一句内容可知，此处与前文Dickinson的诗歌形成对比，表示AI“没有创作意图”，因此用不定代词nothing“没有什么”。故填nothing。 9．考查介词。句意：当我把ChatGPT创作的十四行诗展示给朋友们时，尽管它完全遵循了十四行诗的所有规则，他们仍称其为“空洞无物”。空后为动名词短语，空处应用介词，结合“they called it “soulless and barren””和“following all the rules for sonnets”可知，此处是让步关系，表示“尽管它完全遵循了十四行诗的所有规则”，因此用介词despite“尽管”。故填despite。 10．考查状语从句。句意：如果我们现在期望计算机不仅能写诗，还能写出好诗，那我们就设定了更高的标准。逗号前后均为完整的句子，前半句是后半句发生的条件，空处应用从属连词if引导条件状语从句，意为“如果……”，句首单词的首字母需大写。故填If。 Passage 2 （24-25高二下·上海·期中）Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Broken hearts and strong emotions have always shaped many great songs. But does modern music show an even 1 (deep) level of sadness? According to two recent studies 2 (analyze) thousands of popular American and British songs over the past decades, the answer seems to be yes. Since the 1980s, feelings like sorrow and loneliness 3 (become) much more common in lyrics, while expressions of pure happiness appear far less frequently in chart-topping hits. What is 4 this shift? Does it simply come from changes in how music 5 (consume) today? Or does it reveal deeper emotional trends in society? Researchers are still unsure about the causes. Songwriter Batt notes that music consumption has changed significantly — with streaming traffic now determining the songs 6 enter the charts. This could directly affect which styles gain popularity. Older listeners, who stream less and may feel less anxious, now have less say in 7 becomes popular. The darker tone in today’s music might also reflect wider social changes. 8 political events aren’t always addressed directly in protest songs, they may still shape the overall mood. “Young people today face constant stress from social media,” Batt explains. This trend 9 be strengthened by how modern songs are often written by teams of writers. Working together, they create music that matches the general mood rather than focusing on personal experiences. If society’s overall attitude is more negative now, songs will naturally reflect that, becoming sadder or angrier. Ultimately, popular music likely captures the emotions of both artists and audiences. Composers respond to the cultural atmosphere, and the resulting music resonates with listeners — who connect with 10 own feelings in the lyrics, helping those songs rise to the top. 【答案】 1．deeper 2．analyzing 3．have become 4．behind 5．is consumed 6．that/which 7．what 8．Although/Though/While 9．may/might 10．their 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要分析了现代音乐中悲伤情绪增多的现象及其可能的社会原因。 1．考查形容词比较级。句意：但是现代音乐是否展现出了更深层次的悲伤呢？此处是将现代音乐和以往音乐进行比较，应用形容词比较级，deep的比较级为deeper“更深的”。故填deeper。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：根据最近两项分析了过去几十年里数千首英美流行歌曲的研究，答案似乎是肯定的。本句中已有谓语动词seems，此处为非谓语动词，且analyze“分析”与studies之间是主动关系，应用现在分词形式，作后置定语。故填analyzing。 3．考查动词时态。句意：自20世纪80年代以来，悲伤和孤独等情绪在歌词中变得更加常见，而纯粹的快乐情绪在排行榜热门歌曲中出现的频率则低得多。根据Since the 1980s可知，此处应用现在完成时，主语feelings是复数，助动词用have，become“变得”的过去分词是become。故填have become。 4．考查介词。句意：这种转变背后的原因是什么呢？此处问的是这种转变背后的原因，应用介词behind“在……背后，作为……的原因”。故填behind。 5．考查动词语态。句意：它仅仅是源于如今音乐被消费的方式的变化吗？本空为in后宾语从句的谓语，句子描述的是一般事实，时态应用一般现在时，主语music与consume“消费”之间是被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态，主语music是不可数名词，be动词用is。故填is consumed。 6．考查定语从句。句意：歌曲创作者巴特指出，音乐消费已经发生了显著变化 —— 如今流媒体流量决定了进入排行榜的歌曲。本空引导限定性定语从句，先行词是songs，指物，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词that或which引导。故填that或which。 7．考查宾语从句。句意：那些流媒体使用较少且可能不那么焦虑的年长听众，在什么会流行起来这件事上话语权较少。本空引导宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，表示“什么”，应用连接代词what引导。故填what。 8．考查让步状语从句。句意：尽管政治事件并不总是在抗议歌曲中被直接提及，但它们仍然可能影响整体氛围。前后句意存在让步关系，应用although/though/while“虽然”引导让步状语从句，位于句首，首字母大写。故填Although/Though/While。 9．考查情态动词。句意：这种趋势可能会因现代歌曲通常由创作团队创作而得到加强。此处表示推测，意为“可能”用might或may。故填might或may。 10．考查代词。句意：作曲家对文化氛围做出回应，由此产生的音乐与听众产生共鸣 —— 听众在歌词中与他们自己的情感产生联系，这有助于这些歌曲登上排行榜榜首。此处指听众们在歌词中与他们自己的情感产生联系，one’s own表示“某人自己的”，listeners是复数，应用their。故填their。 Passage 3 （23-24高二下·上海奉贤·期中）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Swimming way to success What does it take to graduate from a university? Many 1 say all you have to do is take classes and pass the exams. Well, it requires more than it if you’re a student at Tsinghua University. Starting this September, freshmen at the university will have to take swimming courses. If they fail a swimming test at the beginning of their university course, they won’t receive their degree 2 they can pass the test successfully, according to Tsinghua University president Qiu Yong. Exceptions will be allowed for students with certain physical or mental conditions, if 3 (prove) by medical staff. Liu Bo, head of the Division of Sports Science and Physical Education, explained 4 the university is linking swimming ability with degrees. As a requisite (必要的) survival skill, swimming is beneficial for students in the long run, since swimming is helpful in improving students’ endurance and is 5 (harmful) to joints (关节) and muscles as a water sport, he told China Daily. Viewing the ability 6 (swim) as a must for students is not something new to this university — it was also a requirement in the early 20th century. It was later dropped 7 a rising number of students and a lack of facilities. Besides Tsinghua University, Peking University has also listed swimming as a compulsory course for students. However, the announcement has caused a heated debate. Some welcomed the new rule, saying it’s a necessary skill that can save lives. “Swimming is a fundamental skill. It’s a way to stay healthy and is lifesaving in emergency situations. I believe making 8 mandatory (强制的) is necessary,” Yuan Jiaxiang, a junior in Tsinghua’s Department of Civil Engineering, told China Daily. However, some said it has nothing to do with getting a degree. “It’s not reasonable to require people to be able to swim for them to graduate,” Zheng Xiaoyu, a high school student from the Middle School Affiliated to Northern Jiaotong University, told China Daily. In fact, Chinese universities are not the only education organizations 9 encourage their students to swim. A few colleges in the United States — including Cornell, Columbia and MIT-offer swim classes to students. “Anything 10 (prevent) people from dying needlessly is a valuable skill.” Fred DeBruyn, director of aquatics (水上运动) at Cornell, told The New York Times. 【答案】 1．may/might 2．until 3．proved 4．why 5．less harmful 6．to swim 7．due to# because of# owing to 8．it 9．that 10．preventing 【导语】本文为一篇新闻报道。清华大学要求大学新生必须参加游泳课程，把学生的游泳能力与学位联系在一起。体育科学与体育司司长刘波对此作出解释，不过这一表态引起了热议。 1．考查情态动词。句意：许多人可能会说，你所要做的就是上课和通过考试。空格后为动词原形，且此处表示对上面的问题不确定的回答，所以需要填入表示“可能”的情态动词。may或者might表示“可能”。故填may或者might。 2．考查连词。句意：清华大学校长邱勇表示，如果学生在大学课程开始时没有通过游泳测试，他们将无法获得学位，直到他们成功通过测试。此处表示“直到他们成功通过测试，才获得学位”；not … until … 意为“直到……才”。故填until。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：如果有医务人员证明，有某些身体或精神状况的学生将被允许例外。空格处所在的结构为“连词+分词”作状语，逻辑主语students与prove之间为动宾关系，所以用过去分词。故填proved。 4．考查宾语从句。句意：刘波，运动科学与体育学部主任，解释了为什么学校将游泳能力与学位挂钩。分析句子结构可知，空格处是宾语从句的连接词，从句中句子成分完整，所以需要填入连接副词。根据后文可知，此处表示的是原因，所以用why。故填why。 5．考查形容词比较级。句意：他在接受《中国日报》采访时表示，作为一项必要的生存技能，游泳从长远来看对学生是有益的，因为游泳有助于提高学生的耐力，而且作为一项水上运动，游泳对关节和肌肉的伤害较小。这里讲的是游泳的好处，所以指的是对关节和肌肉的伤害比较小，所以用less harmful。故填less harmful。 6．考查动词不定式。句意：对这所大学来说，把会游泳作为学生的必备技能并不是什么新鲜事——在20世纪初，这也是一项要求。the ability to do sth“做某事的能力”，动词不定式作定语，修饰ability。故填to swim。 7．考查固定短语。句意：后来由于学生人数的增加和设施的缺乏，它被取消了。此处指的是这件事情后来被放下了，由于……原因。此处需要填入介词短语，表示“因为”，due to/ because of/owing to表示“因为”。故填due to 或者because of 或者owing to。 8．考查代词。句意：清华大学土木工程系大三学生袁家祥在接受《中国日报》采访时表示：“我认为这是必须的。”空格处需要填入make的宾语，把这件事变为强制是必要的，所以用it指代游泳这件事。故填it。 9．考查定语从句。句意：事实上，鼓励学生游泳的教育机构并不只有中国的大学。分析句子结构可知，空格处为定语从句的连接词，代替先行词在从句中作主语；先行词为organization，且被the only修饰，所以用that。故填that。 10．考查非谓语动词。句意：“任何能防止人们无谓死亡的东西都是一项宝贵的技能。”分析句子结构可知，句子中已经有谓语动词is，所以空格处需要填入非谓语动词；prevent和逻辑主语anything之间为主谓关系，所以用现在分词作后置定语。故填preventing。 话题4 历史、社会与文化 Passage 1 （24-25高二下·上海闵行·期中）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. European’s greatest designs Ever played with Lego? Visited Ikea? Read the Moomin stories? 1 the answer to any of these is yes, then you have enjoyed Nordic design. The Nordic region, located in the far north of Europe, 2 (comprise) Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden. Lego is a Danish company; Ikea shops first opened in Sweden; and the Moomins started life in Finland. Now, a new exhibition 3 the V&A Museum of Childhood, in London, is celebrating this region. Century of the Child: Nordic Design for Children 1900 to Today will take visitors through the 100 years 4 proved to be a productive period for children and playtime. One of the things you can see—and play with—is a mini puckleball pitch. This unpredictable ball game from Sweden uses a bumpy surface, crooked lines and different-sized goals 5 (ensure) that people of all ages and abilities can play at the same level. Other unusual objects include a toy made from fish bones and a doll’s house made from forest waste, 6 of which demonstrates creative ways of using eco-friendly materials. There is a section in the exhibition 7 (explore) how a “junk playground” in 1940s Denmark inspired adventure playgrounds in the UK. The exhibition’s title comes from a book 8 (write) in 1900 by a Swedish author called Ellen Key. She believed that during the 20th century, adults 9 (focus) more attention on their children than they had in the previous century. Key wanted adults to make more of an effort to improve children’s creativity and education. She died in 1926, but would no doubt have been proud to see 10 her ideas helped shape this exhibition. 【答案】 1．If 2．comprises 3．at/in 4．that/which 5．to ensure 6．either 7．exploring 8．written 9．focused 10．how 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在伦敦V&A儿童博物馆举办的一场关于北欧儿童设计的展览，通过列举展览中的具体物品和理念，向读者传达了北欧设计在儿童领域的影响和贡献。 1．考查状语从句。句意：如果这些问题中你有任何一个的答案是肯定的，那么你就已经领略过北欧设计的魅力了。空处为条件状语从句的引导词，意为“如果”，用if引导；出现在句首，首字母大写。故填If。 2．考查谓语动词。句意：北欧地区位于欧洲的最北部，包括丹麦、芬兰、冰岛、挪威和瑞典。空处为本句谓语动词；本句为客观事实，用一般现在时；主语为“the Nordic region”，单数，和动词“comprise”之间为主动关系。故填comprises。 3．考查介词。句意：如今，伦敦的维多利亚与阿尔伯特儿童博物馆正在举办一场全新的展览，以此来赞颂北欧地区的特色。空处为介词，意为“在……中”，用介词at或in。故填at或in。 4．考查定语从句。句意：《儿童的世纪：1900年至今的北欧儿童设计》展览将带领参观者回顾这100年的历程，事实证明，这100年对于儿童以及他们的玩耍时光来说是成果丰硕的时期。空处为定语从句的关系词；先行词为“the 100 years”，在定语从句中担当主语，用which或that引导。故填which或that。 5．考查非谓语动词。句意：这项源自瑞典的球类运动充满了不确定性，它使用凹凸不平的场地表面、弯曲的线条以及不同尺寸的球门，以确保各个年龄段和不同能力的人都能在同一水平上参与比赛。空处为非谓语动词担当目的状语，用动词不定式形式。故填to ensure。 6．考查代词。句意：其他不寻常的物品包括一个由鱼骨制成的玩具和一个由森林废物制成的娃娃屋，这两件物品中的任何一个都展示了使用环保材料的创造性方式。空处为代词形式担当定语从句的主语；either of通常用于表示两者中的任何一个，符合句意。故填either。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：展览中有一个部分专门探讨了20世纪40年代丹麦的一个“废品游乐场”是如何启发了英国的冒险游乐场的。空处为非谓语动词形式担当介词后的宾语，用动名词形式。故填exploring。 8．考查非谓语动词。句意：这次展览的名称源自1900年瑞典作家埃伦・凯所著的一本书。空处为非谓语动词担当后置定语；被修饰词“a book”和动词“write”之间为被动关系，用过去分词形式。故填written。 9．考查谓语动词。句意：她认为，在20世纪，成年人比上个世纪更加关注他们的孩子。空处为从句谓语动词；根据“during the 20th century”可知，从句时态为一般过去时；主语为“adults”，复数，和动词“focus”之间为主动关系。故填focused。 10．考查宾语从句。句意：她于1926年去世，但毫无疑问，要是看到自己的理念对这次展览的形成起到了推动作用，她一定会感到无比自豪。空处为宾语从句的引导词；根据句意可知，宾语从句缺少方式状语，用how引导。故填how。 Passage 2 （23-24高二下·上海·期中）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. As long as there have been exams, students have found ways to cheat. Today the correct answers are just a few taps away on a smartphone. So, countries have come up with new ways 1 (stop) the funny business. Some use metal detectors, surveillance cameras, mobile-phone jammers and even drones while 2 have taken a more serious step. Cheating in high-school leaving exams got so bad in Mauritania and Algeria 3 this year the authorities turned off the internet for the entire country. Algeria did so for at least an hour during tests, which last about a week. Mauritania cut access from morning until evening on exam days. Other countries, such as Iraq, Uzbekistan and Ethiopia, 4 (shut) down the internet during exam time for years. In each country students are 5 enormous pressure to do well in the tests, which often determine whether they can continue their education at a good university. A splendid grade may mean a scholarship abroad. But high marks are rare. In Algeria only around half of students passed the exams in recent years. In Mauritania the rate is much 6 (low). Teachers try to help - in their own way. For a fee some will provide answers on WhatsApp, a messaging service, says Sidi, a recent high-school graduate in Nouakchott, the capital of Mauritania. After Algeria’s tests 7 (post) early on Facebook in 2019 the government blocked it during exam periods. Dishonest boys have a harder time than girls, 8 often aren’t checked and sometimes hide earphones under their veils. However, 9 (turn) off the internet is expensive. Darrell West of the Brookings Institution, a think-tank, estimates that in 2018-19 internet shutdowns 10 (order) by governments - whether to stop cheating or stifle dissent - cost countries at least $2.4bn. For that kind of money, countries could even improve their schools. 【答案】 1．to stop 2．others/some 3．that 4．have been shutting/have shut 5．under 6．lower 7．were posted 8．who 9．turning 10．ordered 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。本文主要讲述了考试作弊现象在全球范围内的普遍存在，特别是在一些国家情况尤为严重。为了解决该问题，不同国家采取了多种措施。最后，文章提到切断互联网的成本高昂，并指出国家可以用这些钱来改善学校。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：因此，各国都想出了新的方法来阻止这种滑稽的行为。根据短语come up with new ways to do sth.“想出做某事的新方法”可知，设空处应填动词不定式to stop。故填to stop。 2．考查代词。句意：一些人使用金属探测器、监控摄像头、手机干扰器甚至无人机，而另一些人则采取了更为严肃的措施。根据前文Some use metal detectors, surveillance cameras, mobile-phone jammers and even drones可知，此处表示“一些人……而另一些人……”，使用others/some作主语。故填others/some。 3．考查状语从句。句意：在毛里塔尼亚和阿尔及利亚，高中毕业考试作弊现象如此严重，以至于当局在今年关闭了全国的互联网。表示“如此……以至于……”，应用so…that…引导结果状语从句。故填that。 4．考查时态。句意：其他国家，如伊拉克、乌兹别克斯坦和埃塞俄比亚，多年来一直在考试期间关闭互联网。根据后文“for years”可知，设空处表示过去的动作或状态持续到现在，且有可能继续持续下去，应用现在完成进行时have been doing，表示“一直在做某事”，也可使用现在完成时have done，表示“过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果”。故填have been shutting/have shut。 5．考查介词。句意：在每个国家，学生们都面临着巨大的压力，要在考试中取得好成绩，这往往决定了他们能否在一所好大学继续深造。根据短语be under pressure“处于压力之下”可知，设空处应填介词under。故填under。 6．考查形容词比较级。句意：在阿尔及利亚，近年来只有大约一半的学生通过了考试。在毛里塔尼亚，这个比例要低得多。根据前文“In Algeria only around half of students passed the exams in recent years”以及空前的much可知，此处应用形容词比较级lower，作表语，表示“更低”。故填lower。 7．考查动词时态语态。句意：阿尔及利亚的考试于2019年早些时候在脸书上发布后，政府在考试期间封锁了它。设空处为谓语动词，根据后文in 2019可知，应用一般过去时，且主语Algeria’s tests与post之间为被动关系，故应用一般过去时的被动语态were posted。故填were posted。 8．考查定语从句。句意：不诚实的男孩比女孩更难熬，女孩往往不被检查，有时会把耳机藏在面纱下面。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词girls，指人，空处作主语，故应用关系代词who引导。故填who。 9．考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，关闭互联网是昂贵的。设空处作主语，应用动名词turning，表示“关闭互联网这件事”。故填turning。 10．考查非谓语动词。句意：智库布鲁金斯学会（Brookings Institution）的达雷尔·韦斯特（Darrell West）估计，在2018年至2019年期间，政府下令关闭互联网——无论是为了阻止作弊还是扼杀异见——至少让各国损失了24亿美元。句中cost为谓语动词，设空处使用非谓语动词，名词shutdowns与order之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故应用过去分词ordered作后置定语。故填ordered。 Passage 3 （23-24高二下·上海·期末）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fit s each blank. The future is grey An aging world will oblige us to change how we live Much is made of intergenerational conflicts, with baby boomers competing against millennials or Gen Zers. But however these competing needs are resolved today, younger people will become a 1 (prized) resource in the future, because there will be fewer of them. Populations are slowly growing older than ever before due to two seemingly unstoppable demographic (人口的) forces. One is 2 , as countries become more prosperous, there is a decline in the number of children that people have. When that figure drops below the population replacement level of 2.1 children per woman—— 3 it is offset (抵消) by immigration—the head count shrinks as well as becoming more senior-heavy. If this trend continues, 97 percent of countries are forecast 4 (have) birthrates below the replacement level by the year 2100. The other key factor is that people are living longer in nearly every country in the world, a trend 5 has continued for decades. This 6 (drive) by multiple factors over the past century, including improvements in sanitation (公共卫生), the spread of vaccines and antibiotics, and, later on, by better treatments for heart disease and the decline of smoking. The next reshaping of life expectancy curves could come from the widespread use of weight- 7 (reduce) drugs such as Ozempic, or indeed medicines already in wide use today. These ageing populations present many challenges, forcing countries to rethink their systems of pensions, healthcare and so on. The risk is that there will be too few people of working age to help provide care for 8 who are older. But we 9 not necessarily be too pessimistic. Just like in medicine, advances in artificial intelligence and robotics are continuing rapidly. Could the potential demographic crisis be prevented by a workforce of intelligent machines? If so, 10 having to be worried about robots taking our jobs, we might one day welcome them with open arms. 【答案】 1．more prized 2．that 3．unless 4．to have 5．that/which 6．has been driven 7．reducing 8．those 9．should 10．instead of 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，讨论了全球人口老龄化的现象及其对社会的影响，并提出了应对老龄化挑战的可能途径。 1．考查形容词比较级。句意：但是，无论这些相互竞争的需求如何在今天得到解决，年轻人将在未来成为更加珍贵的资源，因为他们的数量将越来越少。根据下文“because there will be fewer of them(因为他们的数量将越来越少)”可知，此处将年轻人的现在和未来进行比较，应填形容词的比较级，表示“更加珍贵的”，故填more prized。 2．考查表语从句。句意：一是，随着国家变得更加繁荣，人们拥有的孩子数量正在下降。分析句子结构可知，空处引导表语从句，从句中不缺少成分，也没有特殊含义，故用that引导，故填that。 3．考查连词。句意：当这一数字降至每位女性2.1个孩子的替代水平以下时，除非被移民抵消，否则人口数量将减少，同时也将变得更加老龄化。根据下文“it is offset (抵消) by immigration(被移民抵消)”可知，此处引出了一种例外的情况，应填连词表示“除非”，故填unless。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：如果这一趋势继续下去，预计到2100年，97%的国家的出生率将低于替代水平。be forecast to do sth为固定短语，意为“被预测做某事”，故填to have。 5．考查定语从句。句意：另一个关键因素是，世界各地几乎所有国家的人们都在活得更长，这一趋势已经持续了几十年。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词为a trend，在从句中作主语，故用关系代词that或which引导定语从句，故填that/which。 6．考查时态语态。句意：在过去一个世纪里，这一趋势是由多个因素驱动的，包括公共卫生的改善、疫苗和抗生素的普及，以及后来对心脏病的更好治疗和吸烟率的下降。根据句意及时间状语over the past century可知，此处应填现在完成时，表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响，且主语this与drive之间为被动关系，故填has been driven。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：体重减轻药物如奥司他韦(Ozempic)的广泛使用可能会重塑预期寿命曲线，或者事实上，今天已经广泛使用的药物也可能会带来变化。根据句意及空后的drugs可知，此处应填非谓语动词作定语，因与其逻辑主语drugs之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，使用现在分词，故填reducing。 8．考查代词。句意：风险在于，工作年龄的人口太少，无法帮助照顾那些年纪较大的人。根据下文“who are older(年纪较大的人)”及空前的介词for可知，此处应填代词，指代上文提到的older people，故填those。 9．考查情态动词。句意：但我们不一定非要过于悲观。根据下文“not necessarily be too pessimistic(不一定非要过于悲观)”可知，此处给出了一个建议，应填情态动词，表示“不一定非要”，故填should。 10．考查介词短语。句意：如果这样，我们就不必担心机器人抢走我们的工作，而是张开双臂欢迎它们的到来。根据下文we might one day welcome them with open arms(而是张开双臂欢迎它们的到来)可知，此处表示两种选择或行为之间的替换关系，应填介词短语，表示“而不是”，故填instead of。 话题5 科学与技术 Passage 1 （24-25高二下·上海浦东新·期末）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Chasing Happiness Can Backfire Nobody needs to be taught that life is hard-we quickly learn that ourselves. But what many people 1 (teach) — sometimes subtly, sometimes explicitly (直白地) — is that life only starts after the hard parts go away. That if you’re feeling anxious, you need to fix it before you can speak up. That if you’re grieving, you can’t begin again unless you wait 2 the sadness is gone. The mental rule is 3 you save to avoid feeling bad to feel good, and you need to feel good so that you will be able to do good. But it’s a trap. And it’s one we fall into because it almost makes sense. We’re adapted to 4 (fix) problems. When we touch a hot stove, we pull our hand away. When we treat illness, we expect recovery. But the world inside our skin plays 5 a different rule: when it comes to thoughts and feelings, trying to eliminate pain often makes it 6 (bad). The human mind is such an amazing tool 7 allows us to imagine, plan, evaluate, and create. But that same mind also tells us we shouldn’t be feeling what we’ re feeling . It whispers: “You have to get rid of this first. You have to feel better before you can move forward.” In sence, this process is called “experiential avoidance” or “EA” and it’s one of the most textic ways 8 (involve) in the world. The more we begin to organize our lives around not feeling certain things, the more we numb ourselves, and the more our lives will shrink. But there’s another form of EA．It is based on slight alteration of that same rule: you have to hang on 9 feeling good or you will feel bad. The fact is, the more we chase “happiness” in a 10 (cling) fashion, the more it flees away! In science this process is called “experiential attachment”, another form of “EA” that is just as toxic to our well-being as the first kind. 【答案】 1．are taught 2．until 3．that 4．fixing 5．by 6．worse 7．as 8．to be involved 9．to 10．clinging 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了追求幸福可能适得其反，并解释了“体验回避”和“体验依恋”两种心理现象及其对生活的影响。 1．考查时态语态。句意：但许多人被教导——有时是微妙地，有时是直白地——生活只有在艰难的部分消失后才开始。空处为句子的谓语动词。句子陈述一般事实，所以用一般现在时态，且主语和该动词之间为被动语态，主语many people为复数。故填are taught。 2．考查连词。句意：如果你在悲伤，除非等到悲伤消失，否则你不能重新开始。此处需要一个连词来连接前后两个分句，表示“直到……才”的意思，引导时间状语从句，所以用until。故填until。 3．考查表语从句。句意：心理规则是，你通过避免感觉不好来感觉良好，并且你需要感觉良好以便能够做好事。空处引导表语从句，从句结构完整，不缺成分，所以用that来引导表语从句。故填that。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：我们习惯于解决问题。adapt to doing sth.是固定搭配，表示“习惯于做某事”，所以此处应用fixing作为to的宾语。故填fixing。 5．考查介词。句意：但我们皮肤内的世界遵循不同的规则：当涉及到想法和感受时，试图消除痛苦往往会使情况变得更糟。play by the rule是固定短语，表示“遵循规则”。故填by。 6．考查比较级。句意：同上。此处表示试图消除痛苦往往会使情况“变得更糟”，所以用bad的比较级worse作为make的宾语补足语，表示情况的变化。故填worse。 7．考查定语从句。句意：人类大脑是一个如此惊人的工具，它允许我们想象、计划、评估和创造。空处引导定语从句，在定语从句中，当先行词被such修饰时，关系代词常用as来引导，且as在从句中可作主语。故填as。 8．考查非谓语动词。句意：在某种程度上，这个过程被称为“体验回避”或“EA”，它是世界上最有害的参与方式之一。the way to do sth.表示“做某事的方式”，且此处表示“被参与”的被动意义，所以用动词不定式的被动语态，故填to be involved。 9．考查介词短语。句意：你必须要紧紧抓住感觉良好的状态，否则你会感到糟糕。hang on to为固定短语，含义为“抓紧某物”，符合语境，故填to。 10．考查形容词。句意：事实是，我们越是以一种狂热的方式追求 “幸福”，它就越是会溜走！空白处在句子中作定语，使用形容词，因空白处表示的是一种属性，使用v-ing形式的形容词，故填clinging。 Passage 2 （24-25高二下·上海嘉定·期中）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. What is the minimum difference a species must show in order to be classed as a new species? This is less straightforward than it seems. The concept of species, as a way of classifying animals and plants, 1 (rely) on finding some feature that all members of that species share, and which is unique to them. This works pretty well for many organisms, but species 2 (put) together continually or split into two as biologists search for the perfect classification system. There are currently at least 26 different ways 3 (define) the concept of a species. Some consider physical or genetic similarity, while others consider whether populations interbreed (杂交繁殖)—or whether they could if they weren’t separated by a geographical barrier, such as a mountain range or ocean. Other definitions of species focus on the evolutionary history of the organism, grouping species according to 4 recently they shared a common ancestor. 5 biologists could agree on a single definition of a species, identifying a point at which a new species is created would still be difficult. Theoretically, the minimum difference could be single mutated (变异) gene, marking a fork in the evolutionary tree 6 one species splits into two. However, biologists almost certainly wouldn’t recognize the creation of the new species until later, when the genetic mutation appeared as a difference in the way the animal looked or behaved. The 7 (close) we’ve come to this was probably in 2016, when researchers at the Janelia Research Campus in Virginia artificially altered the genome (基因组) of a species of Drosophila fruit fly. This change to a single gene altered the frequency of the courtship ‘song’   8 (produce) by the male fly. The insects 9 (carry) this gene could still mate with the wild population, so they couldn’t be considered a separate species by most definitions. But they preferred to mate with similarly mutated flies, and if this mutation had occurred in the wild, it’s possible that this might have resulted 10 the evolution of a new species. 【答案】 1．relies 2．are being put 3．to define 4．how 5．Even if/Even though 6．where 7．closest 8．produced 9．carrying 10．in 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了物种分类以及新物种界定的相关问题。 1．考查时态。句意：物种的概念，作为一种对动植物进行分类的方式，依赖于找到该物种所有成员共有的且独有的某种特征。此句描述一般情况，用一般现在时，主语“The concept of species”是单数，谓语动词“rely”用第三人称单数形式 “relies”。故填relies。 2．考查时态和语态。句意：随着生物学家寻找完美的分类系统，物种正在不断地被合并或被分成两类。“species”与“put together” 之间是被动关系，且根据“continually” 可知，强调动作正在持续进行，用现在进行时的被动语态，“species”单复数同形，这里表示复数概念，be动词用are。故填are being put。 3．考查非谓语动词（动词不定式作后置定语）。句意：目前至少有 26 种不同的方式来定义物种的概念。“ways to do sth.” 表示“做某事的方式”，用动词不定式作后置定语修饰 “ways”。故填to define。 4．考查宾语从句引导词。句意：其他关于物种的定义则关注生物的进化史，根据它们多久前有共同的祖先来对物种进行分类。“according to”后接宾语从句，“how recently” 表示“多久前”，how表示程度，符合语境。故填how。 5．考查连词。句意：即使生物学家能就物种的单一定义达成一致，确定新物种产生的时间点仍然很困难。根据语境，前后句是让步关系，“Even if/Even though” 意为 “即使，尽管”，引导让步状语从句。首字母大写。故填Even if/Even though。 6．考查定语从句关系副词。句意：从理论上讲，最小的差异可能是单个突变基因，标志着进化树上一个物种分裂成两个物种的分叉点。此句为定语从句，先行词是“a fork in the evolutionary tree”，表示地点，关系词在从句中作地点状语，用where引导。故填where。 7．考查形容词最高级。句意：我们最接近这种情况可能是在 2016 年，当时弗吉尼亚州珍妮莉亚研究园区的研究人员人工改变了一种果蝇的基因组。“the + 形容词最高级” 表示最高级含义，“close”的最高级是“closest”，“the closest”表示“最接近的”，符合句意。故填closest。 8．考查非谓语动词。句意：这种单个基因的变化改变了雄性果蝇产生的求偶 “歌声” 的频率。“courtship ‘song’与“produce”之间是被动关系，即求偶“歌声” 被产生，用过去分词作后置定语。故填produced。 9．考查非谓语动词。句意：携带这种基因的昆虫仍然可以与野生种群交配，所以根据大多数定义，它们不能被视为一个单独的物种。“insects”与“carry”之间是主动关系，即昆虫携带基因，用现在分词作后置定语。故填carrying。 10．考查固定搭配。句意：但它们更喜欢与同样发生突变的果蝇交配，如果这种突变发生在野外，有可能会导致一个新物种的进化。“result in...” 是固定搭配，意为“导致……”。故填in。 Passage 3 （24-25高二下·上海·期中）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Faster-than-light Travel Space is…big. Any story that involves characters 1 (go) across it needs to come up with a way to address the vast distances between galaxies (星系). There are a few ways that sci-fi writers get around this problem of moving their main characters from one point in space to 2 including wormholes and faster-than-light travel. Travelling at the speed of light — around 300,000km (186,000 miles) per second — would allow you 3 (circumnavigate) Earth 7.5 times in a single second and get you to the surface of the Sun in a little over 8 minutes. But your journey to Earth’s 4 (near) neighbouring star system, Alpha Centauri, some 40, 000 billion kilometres away, would take just under 4 years and 3 months. 5 faster-than-light travel was an option, though, you could explore the whole Universe. Unfortunately, not only is it impossible for anything to go faster than the speed of light, but according to Einstein’s special theory of relativity only things with zero mass at rest, 6 photons (光子), can travel at the speed of light. Things with mass, like us and spaceships, will always 7 travel at slower-than-light speeds. There are ways in which science-fiction writers 8 (attempt) to explain away faster-than-light travel over the past few decades, however. The movie Event Horizon explores 9 a 2074 spacecraft could effectively travel faster than light by folding the fabric of space on itself, thereby creating a means of travelling across the Universe in an instant. Interestingly, it’s possible that the speed of light hasn’t always been constant. Observations suggest that there were different wavelengths of light billions of years ago. Some have even assumed that this could support the notion of extra space dimensions 10 the laws of physics are different. Maybe, then, we could one day enter the hyperspace dimension to visit a galaxy far, far away… 【答案】 1．going 2．another 3．to circumnavigate 4．nearest 5．If 6．like 7．have to 8．have attempted/have been attempting 9．how 10．where 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了一些探索宇宙太空的科学知识。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：任何涉及角色穿越的故事都需要想出一种方法来解决星系之间的巨大距离。involves sb doing sth，意为“使某人参与做某事”，所以是现在分词作补足语。故填going。 2．考查不定代词。句意：科幻作家有几种方法可以解决将主角从太空中的一个点移动到另一个点的问题，包括虫洞和超光速旅行。固定搭配from one…to another，表示“从一个到另一个”。故填another。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：以每秒30万公里（18.6万英里）的光速旅行，你可以在一秒钟内绕地球7.5圈，并在8分钟多一点的时间内到达太阳表面。allow sb to do sth结构“允许某人干某事”，需用不定式作宾补。故填to circumnavigate。 4．考查形容词最高级。句意：但是，你到距离地球最近的恒星系统——半人马座阿尔法星——大约40万亿公里远的旅程，只需要不到4年零3个月的时间。根据语境，比邻星是地球最近的恒星系统，需用最高级nearest。故填nearest。 5．考查连词。句意：然而，如果超光速旅行是一种选择，你就可以探索整个宇宙。引导条件状语从句，表示假设“如果”。句首字母大写，故填If。 6．考查介词。句意：不幸的是，不仅任何物体都不可能超过光速，而且根据爱因斯坦的狭义相对论，只有静止质量为零的物体，比如光子，才能以光速运动。此处举例说明“只有静止质量为零的物体（如光子）”，用介词like表示“例如”。故填like。 7．考查情态动词短语。句意：有质量的物体，比如人类和宇宙飞船，只能以亚光速旅行。表示“必须”，和will搭配，have to符合语境“有质量的物体只能以亚光速旅行”。故填have to。 8．考查时态。句意：然而，在过去的几十年里，科幻作家们试图用一些方法来解释超光速旅行的存在。根据时间状语over the past few decades可知，可用现在完成时，表示过去开始的动作持续到现在，或用现在完成进行时，表示此动作有可能一直持续下去。主谓一致，故填have attempted/have been attempting。 9．考查宾语从句。句意：电影《事件视界》（Event Horizon）探索了2074年一艘宇宙飞船如何通过折叠空间结构来实现比光速更快的旅行，从而创造了一种瞬间穿越宇宙的方式。引导宾语从句，表示“如何”，“探讨了如何通过折叠空间实现超光速旅行”，故填how。 10．考查定语从句。句意：有些人甚至认为，这可能支持额外空间维度的概念，那里的物理定律不同。定语从句修饰先行词dimensions，表示“在这些维度中物理定律不同”，作地点状语，用where引导。故填where。 话题6人与自然 Passage 1 （23-24高二下·上海黄浦·期中）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Most of us know to stay low to the floor if we are caught in a fire, or head to the basement if a tornado’s coming, or board up the window in a hurricane. But, the massive earthquake that hit Haiti this month was a reminder that we are far 1 (expert) in what to do when the ground below us shakes. If we are in a house or building, for example, our first impulse might be to run outside-but, counter-intuitive (违反直觉的) 2 it might sound, experts warn against that since people are too often killed by falling debris as they try to escape. Given how many of us travel in quake-prone regions today, even folks who don’t reside in California should know how to survive an earthquake. But there are two different and competing schools of thought on the matter, both of 3 are considered valid but perhaps not always in the same situations. The most conventional and widely 4 (accept) by the disaster-response community is the “drop, cover and hold on” approach, which urges people to take cover beneath something like a heavy table to avoid 5 (fall) objects. The second, newer method is known as “the triangle of life.” It recommends lying down in a fetal (胎儿的) position not under but next to furniture; as roofs and wall collapse atop those sofas and desks, buffer spaces are created that protect people from being crushed. Over the past decade, an agreement   6 (reach) that “drop, cover and hold on” is a more appropriate method for developed countries like the U. S. , 7 improved construction has reduced the likelihood of structures collapsing greatly. The triangle of life is thought to be more appropriate in developing nations   8 Haiti, because there the poor building codes make finding a “survivable void” inside a collapsed building more important than   9 (protect) yourself from falling chandeliers. If you’re going to play the odds, drop- and-cover may be the best way to go, but a lot of emergency responders might say triangle-of-life because they 10 have seen the fatalities in buildings that do collapse. 【答案】 1．less expert 2．as/though 3．which 4．accepted 5．falling 6．has been reached 7．where 8．like 9．protecting 10．themselves/might 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了地震中两种求生的方法。 1．考查比较级。句意：但是，这个月袭击海地的大地震提醒我们，当我们脚下的地面震动时，我们远不太擅长做什么。结合句意“远不太擅长”可知形容词expert应用比较级，在前面加less。故填less expert。 2．考查状语从句。句意：例如，如果我们在一个房子或建筑物里，我们的第一个冲动可能是跑到外面去——但是，尽管这听起来可能违反直觉，专家警告不要这样做，因为人们经常在试图逃跑时被坠落的碎片砸死。引导让步状语从句，且从句表语前置，即进行了部分倒装，应用as或though，表示“尽管”。故填as/though。 3．考查定语从句。句意：但在这个问题上有两种不同的、相互竞争的思想流派，它们都被认为是有效的，但可能并不总是在相同的情况下。此处为介词+关系代词结构非限制性定语从句修饰先行词two different and competing schools of thought，作介词的宾语，指物，故填which。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：最传统和被灾难反应团体广泛接受的是“下降，掩护和坚持”的方法，它敦促人们躲在像沉重的桌子这样的东西下面，以避免坠落的物体。分析句子结构可知accept与逻辑主语approach构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故填accepted。 5．考查形容词。句意：最传统和被灾难反应团体广泛接受的是“下降，掩护和坚持”的方法，它敦促人们躲在像沉重的桌子这样的东西下面，以避免坠落的物体。作定语，修饰名词objects，表示“下落的”应用形容词falling。故填falling。 6．考查时态语态。句意：在过去的十年里，人们达成了一项共识，即“下降，掩护和坚持”是一种更适合像美国这样的发达国家的方法，在那里，改进的建筑大大降低了结构倒塌的可能性。主语agreement与谓语构成被动关系，根据上文Over the past decade可知为现在完成时的被动语态，助动词用has。故填has been reached。 7．考查定语从句。句意：在过去的十年里，人们达成了一项共识，即“下降，掩护和坚持”是一种更适合像美国这样的发达国家的方法，在那里，改进的建筑大大降低了结构倒塌的可能性。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词the U. S.，在从句作地点状语，应用关系副词where。故填where。 8．考查介词。句意：生命三角被认为更适合于海地这样的发展中国家，因为在那里，糟糕的建筑规范使得在倒塌的建筑物中找到一个“可生存的空间”比保护自己免受掉落的吊灯的伤害更重要。此处表示举例，意为“如”应用介词like。故填like。 9．考查非谓语动词。句意：生命三角被认为更适合于海地这样的发展中国家，因为在那里，糟糕的建筑规范使得在倒塌的建筑物中找到一个“可生存的空间”比保护自己免受掉落的吊灯的伤害更重要。作介词than的宾语，应用动名词形式。故填protecting。 10．考查代词或情态动词。句意：如果你想碰碰运气，就地掩护可能是最好的办法，但很多紧急救援人员可能会说“生命三角”，因为他们（自己）可能见过建筑物倒塌时的死亡人数。此处可用反身代词themselves作主语they的同位语，表示语气加强；或用情态动词might，表示“可能”，might have done“可能做过某事”。故填themselves/ might。 Passage 2 （24-25高二下·上海青浦·期中）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Animals might not celebrate Christmas, but that doesn’t mean they don’t give gifts. We are not the only species 1 (use) presents to delight and impress each other. Birds, insects, primates and other animals are all known to find and give favors for love, fun and friendship. There seem to be two types of animal gift giving: nuptial and non-nuptial. Nuptial gifts are tokens 2 (give) when seeking love. On the other hand, an animal 3 give a gift for fun, to make new friends, or to say thanks, and these are called non-nuptial gifts. Crows that 4 (feed) on a regular basis and learn to trust the people feeding them sometimes bring those people shiny trinkets (小装饰品). A queen bee sits in the parlor producing young while accepting a steady supply of food brought to 5 by the workers. Sometimes gift giving can go a bit too far. Certain male spiders give the ultimate gift when they become the main meal for the female they have just mated with. An animal giving a gift is doing so for a self-serving reason — to raise its young, to attract a mate, to survive by a division of labor or by bonding within a group. Food is important in the animal world. Most animals don`t share food 6 parents feeding their young. Bonobos (矮黑猩猩) resist this trend, gifting food to unrelated bonobos. Sometimes they give food just 7 they notice someone else doesn’t have any. They also give food just to hang out. with friends. Dolphins are well known gift givers. They give to say “thank you” and “let’s be friends”. They might even give gifts out of pity. At some aquariums (水族馆), dolphin keepers notice gifts of dead eels, tuna, squid and other seafood. One running theory is 8 the dolphins are so worried about the keepers’ poor fishing and survival skills that they leave gifts of delicious mouthfuls. As humans, we have many animal traits that 9 (shape) by our culture over the ages. Sometimes the true origin and ancestral purpose of a behavior become lost in the evolutionary past, leading us to think of ourselves as 10 (rise) above the rest of the animals. Maybe we have in some instances, and perhaps gift giving is one of them. 【答案】 1．to use 2．given 3．might 4．are fed 5．her 6．except 7．because 8．that 9．have been shaped 10．rising 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了动物界中存在的送礼行为，包括求偶礼物和非求偶礼物的类型，以及不同动物送礼的动机和方式。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：我们并非唯一会用礼物来取悦和打动彼此的物种。空处为非谓语动词形式担当后置定语；被修饰词“species”前有only修饰，用动词不定式形式担当后置定语。故填to use。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：求偶礼物是在求爱时送出的信物。空处为非谓语动词担当后置定语；被修饰词“tokens”和动词“give”之间为被动关系，用过去分词形式。故填given。 3．考查情态动词。句意：另一方面，动物也可能会出于乐趣、结交新朋友或表达感谢而赠送礼物，这些就被称为非求偶礼物。空处为情态动词，根据空后“give a gift for fun, to make new friends, or to say thanks”可推测，空处意为“可能”，用情态动词might。故填might。 4．考查谓语动词。句意：那些经常被人喂食并逐渐信任喂食者的乌鸦，有时会给这些人带来闪亮的小饰品。空处为从句谓语动词；根据主句时态可知，从句时态为一般现在时；主语为“that”，即crows，复数，和动词“feed”之间为被动关系。故填are fed。 5．考查代词。句意：蜂王坐在蜂巢中产卵，同时接受工蜂源源不断送来的食物。空处为代词形式代指“A queen bee”，担当宾语，用宾格形式。故填her。 6．考查介词。句意：除了父母喂养幼崽之外，大多数动物不会分享食物。空处为介词形式，意为“除了……”，用介词except。故填except。 7．考查连接词。句意：有时，它们送食物仅仅是因为注意到其他同类没有食物了。空处引导原因状语从句，意为“因为”。故填because。 8．考查表语从句。句意：有一种普遍的说法是，海豚非常担心饲养员糟糕的捕鱼能力和生存技能，所以才会留下这些美味的食物作为礼物。空处为表语从句的连接词，表语从句中不缺少成分，句意完整，用that引导。故填that。 9．考查谓语动词。句意：作为人类，我们身上有许多动物的特性，这些特性在漫长的岁月中受到了文化的影响。空处为从句谓语动词；根据“over the ages”可知，从句时态为现在完成时；主语为“animal traits”，和动词“shape”之间为被动关系。故填have been shaped。 10．考查非谓语动词。句意：有时，某种行为的真正起源和其在祖先时代的目的会在进化的过程中逐渐被遗忘，这让我们觉得自己超越了其他动物。空处为非谓语动词形式担当介词后的宾语，用动名词形式。故填rising。 Passage 3 （24-25高二下·上海宝山·期末）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. There are few scary legends that survive the centuries to bother the next generation, but one such creature’s strange tale has persisted over a millennium. On May 2,1933, an unattributed article appeared in a Scottish local newspaper. It carried the eyewitness account of a 1 (marry) couple who claimed they had spotted a large creature in the waters of Loch Ness. According to the report, “The creature entertained itself, rolling for fully a minute, its body looking like 2 of a whale, and the water falling down rapidly.” In the Scottish Highlands, Loch Ness is a 22.5-mile-long lake, nearly two miles across at its widest point, and its waters 3 reach a depth of 788 feet. The article noted that for centuries it 4 (credit) with being the home of a fearsome-looking monster. It hinted that 5 the couple had seen might be the creature that had inspired stories of the mythical water spirit or shape-shifting water horse of Celtic legend. Three months after the couple’s sighting, the same newspaper published a letter from a Londoner named George Spicer, 6 claimed that while driving with his wife around Loch Ness he’d seen a strange creature cross the road in front of him. “I saw the nearest approach 7 a dragon or prehistoric animal that I have ever seen in my life.” he wrote. In the weeks 8 (follow) the article’s publication, Campbell wrote more stories on the subject for the Scottish media. In one article Campbell stated, “Many people in the area now think that the ‘monster’ is indeed a prehistoric creature.” And he announced with confidence, “It is certain 9 (see) again.” Catching wind of the strange story, the national newspaper The Scotsman sent journalist Philip Stalker to Loch Ness. Stalker filed a report that included an eyewitness account from Alex Campbell, who claimed that 10 he hadn’t believed in the monster at first, he’d later seen a long-necked creature for himself. Campbell would emerge as a key witness, eventually claiming to have seen the creature on 18 occasions, sometimes at close range. He was, in a sense, the man who invented the monster. 【答案】 1．married 2．that 3．can 4．had been credited 5．what 6．who 7．to 8．following 9．to be seen 10．although/though 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了尼斯湖水怪的传说起源和相关目击事件，包括1933年一对夫妇的目击、George Spicer的证词以及Alex Campbell的多次观察，强调这一神秘生物在苏格兰尼斯湖的持久传说。 1．考查形容词。句意：它刊载了一对已婚夫妇的目击报告，他们称在尼斯湖的水域中看到了一个巨大的生物。修饰名词couple用形容词married。故填married。 2．考查代词。句意：据该报告所述：“那生物自我娱乐了一分钟之久，它身体翻滚的动作持续了足足一分钟，其身体形态宛如鲸鱼一般，而水珠则迅速地向下流淌。”设空处位于“looking like”后，需用代词“that”指代前文的“body”，避免重复名词，符合比较结构。故填that。 3．考查情态动词。句意：在苏格兰高地，尼斯湖是一个长 22.5 英里、最宽处达近两英里的湖泊，湖水最深处可达788英尺。表示能力，湖水“能”达到 788 英尺深用情态动词can。故填can。 4．考查时态语态。句意：这篇文章指出，数百年来，这里一直被认为是一个有着可怕模样的怪物的栖息地。主语与谓语构成被动关系，且表示过去的过去，用过去完成时的被动语态。故填had been credited。 5．考查主语从句。句意：它暗示，这对夫妇所见到的景象，或许正是那个曾激发了有关凯尔特神话中神秘水灵或能变形的水马故事的生物。空处引导主语从句，从句缺少宾语，指物，故用连接代词what引导。故填what。 6．考查定语从句。句意：在这对夫妇目击事件发生三个月后，同一家报纸刊登了一封来自一位名叫乔治·斯派塞的伦敦人的来信，信中称，他与妻子驾车在尼斯湖附近行驶时，曾看到一个奇怪的生物从他们面前的马路上横穿而过。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词George Spicer，在从句作主语，指人。故填who。 7．考查介词。句意：“我亲眼目睹了这辈子见过的最接近龙或史前动物的生物了。”他写道。短语approach to表示“接近”。故填to。 8．考查非谓语动词。句意：在该文章发表后的几周里，坎贝尔为苏格兰媒体撰写了更多有关这个主题的报道。空处作后置定语，修饰weeks，用following表示“接下来的”。故填following。 9．考查非谓语动词。句意：他满怀信心地宣布：“它肯定会再次出现的。”此处为be certain to do sth.，且see与it构成被动关系，故用to be done形式。故填to be seen。 10．考查状语从句。句意：斯塔克尔提交了一份报告，其中包含了亚历克斯·坎贝尔的目击证词。坎贝尔称，起初他并不相信有这种怪物存在，但后来他亲眼看到了一种长脖子的生物。引导让步状语从句，表示“虽然”用although/though。故填although/though。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 考前押题03 语法填空6大常考话题 话题1 生活与学习 话题4 历史、社会与文化 话题2 做人与做事 话题5 科学与技术 话题3 文学、艺术与体育 话题6 人与自然 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 话题1 生活与学习 Passage 1 （24-25高二下·上海嘉定·期中）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Shop Smart During Store Closing Sales When a major store like Toys R Us goes out of business, it’s easy to assume that everything on the shelves is being sold at a huge discount. “Store Closing” signs make shoppers feel pressured to act fast, encouraging them 1 (rush) in and grab what they can. But in reality, liquidation sales often require careful attention if you want to find real value. Liquidation sales, which are special sales held when a store is going out of business, 2 (design) to sell off all items quickly — but that doesn’t necessarily mean the prices are the lowest. Many liquidation events begin 3 not-so-big discounts, usually around 20%, and the reductions deepen as time goes on. By then, however, the most desirable items may already be gone. That’s 4 experts recommend comparing prices at other stores or online before making a purchase. Shoppers should also be careful when using gift cards. Once a store files for bankruptcy (破产), it may stop 5 (honor) gift cards without warning. This happened when Borders shut down in 2011 — many customers were left holding worthless cards. 6 (use) in a timely manner, a gift card from a closing store can still hold its full value. Another important point: check every item thoroughly. In most cases, liquidation purchases are final sale, meaning you can’t return anything 7 it’s damaged. Electronics, in particular, 8 be tested or inspected before buying. Be mindful of marketing tricks too. Phrases like “Everything Must Go!” or “Best Prices Ever!” often 9 (create) pressure. Instead of buying on impulse (冲动), take a moment to ask yourself whether the item is really worth it. In short, store closures can offer great deals — but only to shoppers 10 do their homework, stay alert, and shop smart. Passage 2 （23-24高二下·上海浦东新·期中）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. To better understand how people express gratitude in normal life, anthropologist (人类学家) Simcon Floyd, at the Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics (心理语言学) in Netherlands and his colleagues organised a large, cross-cultural study covering five continents and eight languages. That 1 (include) English, Italian, Polish, Russian and Lao, as well as unwritten languages such as Cha’palaa, spoken in Ecuador, Murrinh-Patha, used in northern Australia, and Siwu, spoken in Ghana. Both verbal and non-verbal expressions of gratitude, such as a smile or a nod, 2 (regard) as interactions. Floyd’s team left cameras in household and community settings and captured more than 1,500 instances of social interactions 3 one person asked for something and another responded. They found that in every culture, people fulfilled requests, but expressions of gratitude, such as saying “thanks” or nodding in appreciation, were remarkably rare, 4 (occur) just 5.5 percent of the time. English and Italian speakers had slightly 5 (high) rates of gratitude expression — 14.5 percent and 13.5 percent of the time respectively. However, that’s still surprisingly low considering 6 polite Western people think they are, says Floyd. “English speakers are not so different from other people, and often prefer not to express gratitude in informal contexts,” he says. Cha’palaa speakers had the lowest frequency of expressed gratitude, 7 zero examples in 96 recorded interactions. But this starts to make sense 8 you learn that the language has no easy way to say “thank you”. Also surprised by the findings was David Peterson, linguist (语言学家) who developed the 9 (construct) language Dothraki for the TV show Game of Thrones. It too, has no word for thank you, something Peterson initially considered unlikely. “I thought that you had to have a word 10 (express) gratitude,” he says. Passage 3 （24-25高二下·上海·月考）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. I was eighteen, summer fading, when my parents drove me to my university apartment. It was my first apartment. 1 my parents were quietly stepping back from this moment became clear as I walked them solemnly back to their car, noticing my mother’s tear-filled eyes. I struggled to hold back my own. Such a strong woman was she 2 it was rare to see such a show of emotion. At the time, I was rather surprised. Being 3 (young) of five children, I thought that my parents were accustomed to 4 (let) go. But maybe it’s something that never gets any easier, no matter how many practice swings you get. As my parents drove off, I realized that they would return to an empty home, 5 all of their children leaving to pursue dreams and lives of their own. Their nest, 6 had been full of love and joy for so long, was now empty. Relishing  ( 憧憬) my new-found freedom, I concentrated on my college life. My parents did their best to give me space to learn and grow, 7 I neglected to call or visit. It was a time of “firsts,” and a taste of first “lasts.” I have recently been playing Travel Frog, a mobile game that has me emotionally 8 (influence). In the game you gather resources, send your frog on his adventures and your payoff is, *drum roll please*…postcards. That’s right, postcards. I thought it was a silly, overly-simplistic game at first, but then it started to bring back memories from long ago. While the game lacks the narrative detail or the interactivity of other games, you have a lesson 9 (learn) from your itinerant (四处奔波的) “Frog Son”. You do not control when he sets off on his adventures, nor can you be sure that your hard work will land you a coveted (梦寐以求的) postcard. This game, however, has emotionally affected many players. They 10 (remind) of their parents who restlessly await their return home, their familiar voices, their love. Parents sacrifice a large part of themselves for their children. It is a sacrifice that can only be paid back with love. 话题2 做人与做事 Passage 1 （25-26高二下·上海浦东新·月考）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank When you scroll through social media, do you find yourself thinking you’ve somehow fallen behind in life? Whether it’s a friend’s exciting vacation, a family member’s professional milestones or an influencer’s flawless image, comparison is easy to fall into. But   1 it might feel normal to measure how you’re doing against others, comparisons can drain you   2 mental strength, chip away at your confidence, and take a toll on your well-being. Social media platforms aren’t innocently showing you other people’s lives—they’re intentionally designed to amplify comparison. Algorithms prioritize posts that are most likely to grab your attention, which often means showing content that sparks envy or admiration. If left 3 (uncheck), those comparison contents can steer us away from our own goals and values and leave us feeling stuck and resentful. On top of that, people tend to post their happiest moments and 4 (polish) images. Rarely do you see the sleepless nights, the financial stress, and the fighting couples 5 make up real life. Even the rare honest post about failure often comes with a triumphant comeback story, reinforcing the idea that success 6 quickly follow any setback. Fortunately, once you recognize it’s become a problem, you can learn to break free and regain your confidence. Here are science-backed strategies to help: 1 Create Your Definition of Success It’s hard to compare   7 to someone else if you’re crystal clear on what matters most to you. Create your own definition of success based on your values and goals. Write down what success looks like for you. When you feel the urge to compare, 8 (revisit) this definition to remind yourself that you’re running your own race—not someone else’s. 2 See Others as Sources of Inspiration, Not Competition When someone achieves something you want, resist the urge to frame them as a competitor. Instead, shift your perspective and view them as an “opinion holder” you might learn from. Remember, someone else’s success doesn’t diminish your own. 3 Be Selective About Social Media Social media can be both a blessing and a curse, depending on 9 you engage with it. Pay attention to the accounts you follow. Remember, someone else’s success doesn’t diminish your own. Take steps today 10 (invest) in your mental strength and don’t let comparison steal your time and confidence. Passage 2 （24-25高二下·上海闵行·期中）语法填空 What’s wrong with being an amateur? While 1 (read) a recently published report saying “many people who attend plays are themselves involved in a form of amateur drama”, August Schulenburg of the Flux Theatre questioned the divide 2 amateurs and professional artists. One reason for the barrier, he suggests, is fear. “When professional arts organizations perceive their value under threat, they 3 draw rigid lines to protect it. Amateurs are pushed aside out of fear that they will somehow endanger the professional brands.” But for Schulenburg, it’s an outdated attitude towards amateurs. “The professional artist must be among them and of them; the amateur must be an equal partner on the stage.” 4 sounds much like he is advocating the kind of large-scale community work. If so, he might have a point. The importance of forming a community rather than a passive audience is 5 Douglas MacLennan has also picked up recently on a blog. In a post 6 (headline) “Pay attention! If selling tickets is your business model, you've got a problem”, he argues that theatres and other arts institutions will only survive if they “build community rather than audience”. The idea is that you give the public reasons 7 (engage) with your company, you build loyalty so that their support is more than just a consumer transaction. Abigail Katz, a regular theater-goer, wonders 8 theatres offer good value for money. She has written recently in a post at the Playgoer blog that much of the theatre “doesn’t do anything ... doesn’t make me feel anything”. Lynn Conner, one author of the report, also mentioned “I believe what is 9 (appealing) to today’s potential arts audiences is the opportunity to co-author meaning. They don’t want the arts; they want the experience. They want to gain the cultural rights by formıng and exchanging opinions that 10 (value) in the community.” Passage 3 （24-25高二下·上海闵行·期中）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. The Trouble with Friends On a daily basis, I teach kids. 1 “kids”, I mean teens to college-age, sometimes mid-twenties. Kids talk a lot about their friends, but don't usually talk about their families. Sometimes I'm taken completely by surprise when, months into our knowing each other, a student mentions 2 (have) a twin. I suppose hearing the constant chatter about friends has made me consider my own, and how hard it can be 3 (maintain) these bonds as an adult. Mostly, what I notice is that I lose more friends than I make. An obvious reason for that is marriage. Friends get married and their spouses become their 4 (close) friends. My husband is now the person 5 I spend the most time. I tell him everything because I trust him with my thoughts, 6 stupid they may be. I used to be the same way with friends, but when I tell friends something now, I must accept the possibility that they 7 tell their spouses, who I'm friendly but not friends with. A friendship is truly strained when you don't like the spouse. Sometimes this new person is so far away from 8 you imagined for your friend that you wonder if you knew your friend at all. After marriage, a friend who used to discuss things with you stops doing so, and 9 (update) you only on definitive good news, never the bad, the ugly, or the in-progress. She saves all of that for her partner. In other words, you're no longer included in the problem-solving. Of course, some matters belong first to the marriage: the stuff of intimacy, finance, family. Increasingly, my friends leave me out of these big conversations, and vice versa, but when the outcome is certain, we do update one another, 10 reminds us that we're still friends. 话题3 文学、艺术与体育 Passage 1 （24-25高二下·上海杨浦·期中）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Can AI Create “Great” Poetry? Last week, I sent a request to ChatGPT, the latest artificial intelligence chatbot. In less than a minute, the program had created in full a rhyming Shakespearean sonnet (莎士比亚十四行诗). Tools like ChatGPT seem sure to change the world of poetry — and so much else — but poets also have a lot to teach us about artificial intelligence. If algorithms are getting good at writing poetry, it’s partially 1 poetry was always an algorithmic business. Even the most rebellious poets follow more rules than they might like to admit. When 2 (teach) to imitate the structure of sonnet, schoolchildren are effectively learning to follow algorithmic constraints. 3 it surprise us that computers can do so, too? But considering how ChatGPT works, its ability to follow the rules for sonnets seems 4 (impressive) as no one taught it these rules. It is based on a newer kind of AI known as a large language model (LLM). 5 (put) it simply, LLMs analyze large amounts of human writing and learn to predict the next word which should appear in a string of text, based on context. One frequent criticism of LLMs is that they do not understand 6 they write; they just do a great job of guessing the next word. The moment a private verse by Dickinson makes us feel like the poet speaks directly to us, we 7 (experience) the effects of a technology called language. Of course, every Dickinson poem reflects her intention to create meaning. When ChatGPT puts words together, it intends 8 . Some argue that writings by LLMs therefore have no meaning, only the appearance of it. If I see a cloud in the sky that looks like a giraffe, I recognize it as an accidental similarity. In the same way, this argument goes, we should regard the writings of ChatGPT as merely imitating real language, meaningless and random as cloud shapes. When I showed my friends the sonnet by ChatGPT, they called it “soulless and barren” 9 following all the rules for sonnets. But is the average sonnet by a human any better? 10 we now expect computers to write not just poems but good poems, then we have set a much higher bar. Passage 2 （24-25高二下·上海·期中）Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Broken hearts and strong emotions have always shaped many great songs. But does modern music show an even 1 (deep) level of sadness? According to two recent studies 2 (analyze) thousands of popular American and British songs over the past decades, the answer seems to be yes. Since the 1980s, feelings like sorrow and loneliness 3 (become) much more common in lyrics, while expressions of pure happiness appear far less frequently in chart-topping hits. What is 4 this shift? Does it simply come from changes in how music 5 (consume) today? Or does it reveal deeper emotional trends in society? Researchers are still unsure about the causes. Songwriter Batt notes that music consumption has changed significantly — with streaming traffic now determining the songs 6 enter the charts. This could directly affect which styles gain popularity. Older listeners, who stream less and may feel less anxious, now have less say in 7 becomes popular. The darker tone in today’s music might also reflect wider social changes. 8 political events aren’t always addressed directly in protest songs, they may still shape the overall mood. “Young people today face constant stress from social media,” Batt explains. This trend 9 be strengthened by how modern songs are often written by teams of writers. Working together, they create music that matches the general mood rather than focusing on personal experiences. If society’s overall attitude is more negative now, songs will naturally reflect that, becoming sadder or angrier. Ultimately, popular music likely captures the emotions of both artists and audiences. Composers respond to the cultural atmosphere, and the resulting music resonates with listeners — who connect with 10 own feelings in the lyrics, helping those songs rise to the top. Passage 3 （23-24高二下·上海奉贤·期中）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Swimming way to success What does it take to graduate from a university? Many 1 say all you have to do is take classes and pass the exams. Well, it requires more than it if you’re a student at Tsinghua University. Starting this September, freshmen at the university will have to take swimming courses. If they fail a swimming test at the beginning of their university course, they won’t receive their degree 2 they can pass the test successfully, according to Tsinghua University president Qiu Yong. Exceptions will be allowed for students with certain physical or mental conditions, if 3 (prove) by medical staff. Liu Bo, head of the Division of Sports Science and Physical Education, explained 4 the university is linking swimming ability with degrees. As a requisite (必要的) survival skill, swimming is beneficial for students in the long run, since swimming is helpful in improving students’ endurance and is 5 (harmful) to joints (关节) and muscles as a water sport, he told China Daily. Viewing the ability 6 (swim) as a must for students is not something new to this university — it was also a requirement in the early 20th century. It was later dropped 7 a rising number of students and a lack of facilities. Besides Tsinghua University, Peking University has also listed swimming as a compulsory course for students. However, the announcement has caused a heated debate. Some welcomed the new rule, saying it’s a necessary skill that can save lives. “Swimming is a fundamental skill. It’s a way to stay healthy and is lifesaving in emergency situations. I believe making 8 mandatory (强制的) is necessary,” Yuan Jiaxiang, a junior in Tsinghua’s Department of Civil Engineering, told China Daily. However, some said it has nothing to do with getting a degree. “It’s not reasonable to require people to be able to swim for them to graduate,” Zheng Xiaoyu, a high school student from the Middle School Affiliated to Northern Jiaotong University, told China Daily. In fact, Chinese universities are not the only education organizations 9 encourage their students to swim. A few colleges in the United States — including Cornell, Columbia and MIT-offer swim classes to students. “Anything 10 (prevent) people from dying needlessly is a valuable skill.” Fred DeBruyn, director of aquatics (水上运动) at Cornell, told The New York Times. 话题4 历史、社会与文化 Passage 1 （24-25高二下·上海闵行·期中）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. European’s greatest designs Ever played with Lego? Visited Ikea? Read the Moomin stories? 1 the answer to any of these is yes, then you have enjoyed Nordic design. The Nordic region, located in the far north of Europe, 2 (comprise) Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden. Lego is a Danish company; Ikea shops first opened in Sweden; and the Moomins started life in Finland. Now, a new exhibition 3 the V&A Museum of Childhood, in London, is celebrating this region. Century of the Child: Nordic Design for Children 1900 to Today will take visitors through the 100 years 4 proved to be a productive period for children and playtime. One of the things you can see—and play with—is a mini puckleball pitch. This unpredictable ball game from Sweden uses a bumpy surface, crooked lines and different-sized goals 5 (ensure) that people of all ages and abilities can play at the same level. Other unusual objects include a toy made from fish bones and a doll’s house made from forest waste, 6 of which demonstrates creative ways of using eco-friendly materials. There is a section in the exhibition 7 (explore) how a “junk playground” in 1940s Denmark inspired adventure playgrounds in the UK. The exhibition’s title comes from a book 8 (write) in 1900 by a Swedish author called Ellen Key. She believed that during the 20th century, adults 9 (focus) more attention on their children than they had in the previous century. Key wanted adults to make more of an effort to improve children’s creativity and education. She died in 1926, but would no doubt have been proud to see 10 her ideas helped shape this exhibition. Passage 2 （23-24高二下·上海·期中）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. As long as there have been exams, students have found ways to cheat. Today the correct answers are just a few taps away on a smartphone. So, countries have come up with new ways 1 (stop) the funny business. Some use metal detectors, surveillance cameras, mobile-phone jammers and even drones while 2 have taken a more serious step. Cheating in high-school leaving exams got so bad in Mauritania and Algeria 3 this year the authorities turned off the internet for the entire country. Algeria did so for at least an hour during tests, which last about a week. Mauritania cut access from morning until evening on exam days. Other countries, such as Iraq, Uzbekistan and Ethiopia, 4 (shut) down the internet during exam time for years. In each country students are 5 enormous pressure to do well in the tests, which often determine whether they can continue their education at a good university. A splendid grade may mean a scholarship abroad. But high marks are rare. In Algeria only around half of students passed the exams in recent years. In Mauritania the rate is much 6 (low). Teachers try to help - in their own way. For a fee some will provide answers on WhatsApp, a messaging service, says Sidi, a recent high-school graduate in Nouakchott, the capital of Mauritania. After Algeria’s tests 7 (post) early on Facebook in 2019 the government blocked it during exam periods. Dishonest boys have a harder time than girls, 8 often aren’t checked and sometimes hide earphones under their veils. However, 9 (turn) off the internet is expensive. Darrell West of the Brookings Institution, a think-tank, estimates that in 2018-19 internet shutdowns 10 (order) by governments - whether to stop cheating or stifle dissent - cost countries at least $2.4bn. For that kind of money, countries could even improve their schools. Passage 3 （23-24高二下·上海·期末）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fit s each blank. The future is grey An aging world will oblige us to change how we live Much is made of intergenerational conflicts, with baby boomers competing against millennials or Gen Zers. But however these competing needs are resolved today, younger people will become a 1 (prized) resource in the future, because there will be fewer of them. Populations are slowly growing older than ever before due to two seemingly unstoppable demographic (人口的) forces. One is 2 , as countries become more prosperous, there is a decline in the number of children that people have. When that figure drops below the population replacement level of 2.1 children per woman—— 3 it is offset (抵消) by immigration—the head count shrinks as well as becoming more senior-heavy. If this trend continues, 97 percent of countries are forecast 4 (have) birthrates below the replacement level by the year 2100. The other key factor is that people are living longer in nearly every country in the world, a trend 5 has continued for decades. This 6 (drive) by multiple factors over the past century, including improvements in sanitation (公共卫生), the spread of vaccines and antibiotics, and, later on, by better treatments for heart disease and the decline of smoking. The next reshaping of life expectancy curves could come from the widespread use of weight- 7 (reduce) drugs such as Ozempic, or indeed medicines already in wide use today. These ageing populations present many challenges, forcing countries to rethink their systems of pensions, healthcare and so on. The risk is that there will be too few people of working age to help provide care for 8 who are older. But we 9 not necessarily be too pessimistic. Just like in medicine, advances in artificial intelligence and robotics are continuing rapidly. Could the potential demographic crisis be prevented by a workforce of intelligent machines? If so, 10 having to be worried about robots taking our jobs, we might one day welcome them with open arms. 话题5 科学与技术 Passage 1 （24-25高二下·上海浦东新·期末）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Chasing Happiness Can Backfire Nobody needs to be taught that life is hard-we quickly learn that ourselves. But what many people 1 (teach) — sometimes subtly, sometimes explicitly (直白地) — is that life only starts after the hard parts go away. That if you’re feeling anxious, you need to fix it before you can speak up. That if you’re grieving, you can’t begin again unless you wait 2 the sadness is gone. The mental rule is 3 you save to avoid feeling bad to feel good, and you need to feel good so that you will be able to do good. But it’s a trap. And it’s one we fall into because it almost makes sense. We’re adapted to 4 (fix) problems. When we touch a hot stove, we pull our hand away. When we treat illness, we expect recovery. But the world inside our skin plays 5 a different rule: when it comes to thoughts and feelings, trying to eliminate pain often makes it 6 (bad). The human mind is such an amazing tool 7 allows us to imagine, plan, evaluate, and create. But that same mind also tells us we shouldn’t be feeling what we’ re feeling . It whispers: “You have to get rid of this first. You have to feel better before you can move forward.” In sence, this process is called “experiential avoidance” or “EA” and it’s one of the most textic ways 8 (involve) in the world. The more we begin to organize our lives around not feeling certain things, the more we numb ourselves, and the more our lives will shrink. But there’s another form of EA．It is based on slight alteration of that same rule: you have to hang on 9 feeling good or you will feel bad. The fact is, the more we chase “happiness” in a 10 (cling) fashion, the more it flees away! In science this process is called “experiential attachment”, another form of “EA” that is just as toxic to our well-being as the first kind. Passage 2 （24-25高二下·上海嘉定·期中）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. What is the minimum difference a species must show in order to be classed as a new species? This is less straightforward than it seems. The concept of species, as a way of classifying animals and plants, 1 (rely) on finding some feature that all members of that species share, and which is unique to them. This works pretty well for many organisms, but species 2 (put) together continually or split into two as biologists search for the perfect classification system. There are currently at least 26 different ways 3 (define) the concept of a species. Some consider physical or genetic similarity, while others consider whether populations interbreed (杂交繁殖)—or whether they could if they weren’t separated by a geographical barrier, such as a mountain range or ocean. Other definitions of species focus on the evolutionary history of the organism, grouping species according to 4 recently they shared a common ancestor. 5 biologists could agree on a single definition of a species, identifying a point at which a new species is created would still be difficult. Theoretically, the minimum difference could be single mutated (变异) gene, marking a fork in the evolutionary tree 6 one species splits into two. However, biologists almost certainly wouldn’t recognize the creation of the new species until later, when the genetic mutation appeared as a difference in the way the animal looked or behaved. The 7 (close) we’ve come to this was probably in 2016, when researchers at the Janelia Research Campus in Virginia artificially altered the genome (基因组) of a species of Drosophila fruit fly. This change to a single gene altered the frequency of the courtship ‘song’   8 (produce) by the male fly. The insects 9 (carry) this gene could still mate with the wild population, so they couldn’t be considered a separate species by most definitions. But they preferred to mate with similarly mutated flies, and if this mutation had occurred in the wild, it’s possible that this might have resulted 10 the evolution of a new species. Passage 3 （24-25高二下·上海·期中）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Faster-than-light Travel Space is…big. Any story that involves characters 1 (go) across it needs to come up with a way to address the vast distances between galaxies (星系). There are a few ways that sci-fi writers get around this problem of moving their main characters from one point in space to 2 including wormholes and faster-than-light travel. Travelling at the speed of light — around 300,000km (186,000 miles) per second — would allow you 3 (circumnavigate) Earth 7.5 times in a single second and get you to the surface of the Sun in a little over 8 minutes. But your journey to Earth’s 4 (near) neighbouring star system, Alpha Centauri, some 40, 000 billion kilometres away, would take just under 4 years and 3 months. 5 faster-than-light travel was an option, though, you could explore the whole Universe. Unfortunately, not only is it impossible for anything to go faster than the speed of light, but according to Einstein’s special theory of relativity only things with zero mass at rest, 6 photons (光子), can travel at the speed of light. Things with mass, like us and spaceships, will always 7 travel at slower-than-light speeds. There are ways in which science-fiction writers 8 (attempt) to explain away faster-than-light travel over the past few decades, however. The movie Event Horizon explores 9 a 2074 spacecraft could effectively travel faster than light by folding the fabric of space on itself, thereby creating a means of travelling across the Universe in an instant. Interestingly, it’s possible that the speed of light hasn’t always been constant. Observations suggest that there were different wavelengths of light billions of years ago. Some have even assumed that this could support the notion of extra space dimensions 10 the laws of physics are different. Maybe, then, we could one day enter the hyperspace dimension to visit a galaxy far, far away… 话题6人与自然 Passage 1 （23-24高二下·上海黄浦·期中）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Most of us know to stay low to the floor if we are caught in a fire, or head to the basement if a tornado’s coming, or board up the window in a hurricane. But, the massive earthquake that hit Haiti this month was a reminder that we are far 1 (expert) in what to do when the ground below us shakes. If we are in a house or building, for example, our first impulse might be to run outside-but, counter-intuitive (违反直觉的) 2 it might sound, experts warn against that since people are too often killed by falling debris as they try to escape. Given how many of us travel in quake-prone regions today, even folks who don’t reside in California should know how to survive an earthquake. But there are two different and competing schools of thought on the matter, both of 3 are considered valid but perhaps not always in the same situations. The most conventional and widely 4 (accept) by the disaster-response community is the “drop, cover and hold on” approach, which urges people to take cover beneath something like a heavy table to avoid 5 (fall) objects. The second, newer method is known as “the triangle of life.” It recommends lying down in a fetal (胎儿的) position not under but next to furniture; as roofs and wall collapse atop those sofas and desks, buffer spaces are created that protect people from being crushed. Over the past decade, an agreement   6 (reach) that “drop, cover and hold on” is a more appropriate method for developed countries like the U. S. , 7 improved construction has reduced the likelihood of structures collapsing greatly. The triangle of life is thought to be more appropriate in developing nations   8 Haiti, because there the poor building codes make finding a “survivable void” inside a collapsed building more important than   9 (protect) yourself from falling chandeliers. If you’re going to play the odds, drop- and-cover may be the best way to go, but a lot of emergency responders might say triangle-of-life because they 10 have seen the fatalities in buildings that do collapse. Passage 2 （24-25高二下·上海青浦·期中）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Animals might not celebrate Christmas, but that doesn’t mean they don’t give gifts. We are not the only species 1 (use) presents to delight and impress each other. Birds, insects, primates and other animals are all known to find and give favors for love, fun and friendship. There seem to be two types of animal gift giving: nuptial and non-nuptial. Nuptial gifts are tokens 2 (give) when seeking love. On the other hand, an animal 3 give a gift for fun, to make new friends, or to say thanks, and these are called non-nuptial gifts. Crows that 4 (feed) on a regular basis and learn to trust the people feeding them sometimes bring those people shiny trinkets (小装饰品). A queen bee sits in the parlor producing young while accepting a steady supply of food brought to 5 by the workers. Sometimes gift giving can go a bit too far. Certain male spiders give the ultimate gift when they become the main meal for the female they have just mated with. An animal giving a gift is doing so for a self-serving reason — to raise its young, to attract a mate, to survive by a division of labor or by bonding within a group. Food is important in the animal world. Most animals don`t share food 6 parents feeding their young. Bonobos (矮黑猩猩) resist this trend, gifting food to unrelated bonobos. Sometimes they give food just 7 they notice someone else doesn’t have any. They also give food just to hang out. with friends. Dolphins are well known gift givers. They give to say “thank you” and “let’s be friends”. They might even give gifts out of pity. At some aquariums (水族馆), dolphin keepers notice gifts of dead eels, tuna, squid and other seafood. One running theory is 8 the dolphins are so worried about the keepers’ poor fishing and survival skills that they leave gifts of delicious mouthfuls. As humans, we have many animal traits that 9 (shape) by our culture over the ages. Sometimes the true origin and ancestral purpose of a behavior become lost in the evolutionary past, leading us to think of ourselves as 10 (rise) above the rest of the animals. Maybe we have in some instances, and perhaps gift giving is one of them. Passage 3 （24-25高二下·上海宝山·期末）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. There are few scary legends that survive the centuries to bother the next generation, but one such creature’s strange tale has persisted over a millennium. On May 2,1933, an unattributed article appeared in a Scottish local newspaper. It carried the eyewitness account of a 1 (marry) couple who claimed they had spotted a large creature in the waters of Loch Ness. According to the report, “The creature entertained itself, rolling for fully a minute, its body looking like 2 of a whale, and the water falling down rapidly.” In the Scottish Highlands, Loch Ness is a 22.5-mile-long lake, nearly two miles across at its widest point, and its waters 3 reach a depth of 788 feet. The article noted that for centuries it 4 (credit) with being the home of a fearsome-looking monster. It hinted that 5 the couple had seen might be the creature that had inspired stories of the mythical water spirit or shape-shifting water horse of Celtic legend. Three months after the couple’s sighting, the same newspaper published a letter from a Londoner named George Spicer, 6 claimed that while driving with his wife around Loch Ness he’d seen a strange creature cross the road in front of him. “I saw the nearest approach 7 a dragon or prehistoric animal that I have ever seen in my life.” he wrote. In the weeks 8 (follow) the article’s publication, Campbell wrote more stories on the subject for the Scottish media. In one article Campbell stated, “Many people in the area now think that the ‘monster’ is indeed a prehistoric creature.” And he announced with confidence, “It is certain 9 (see) again.” Catching wind of the strange story, the national newspaper The Scotsman sent journalist Philip Stalker to Loch Ness. Stalker filed a report that included an eyewitness account from Alex Campbell, who claimed that 10 he hadn’t believed in the monster at first, he’d later seen a long-necked creature for himself. Campbell would emerge as a key witness, eventually claiming to have seen the creature on 18 occasions, sometimes at close range. He was, in a sense, the man who invented the monster. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 考前押题03 语法填空6大常考话题 话题1 生活与学习 Passage 1：1.to rush 2.are designed 3.with 4.why 5.honoring 6.Used 7.even if 8.should 9.create 10.who Passage 2：1.included 2.were regarded 3.in which/where 4.occurring 5.higher 6.how 7.with 8.once 9.constructed 10.to express Passage 3：1.That 2.that 3.the youngest 4.letting 5.with 6.which 7.even if/even though 8.influenced 9.to learn 10.are reminded 话题2 做人与做事 Passage 1：1.while/although/though 2.of 3.unchecked 4.polished 5.that 6.should 7.yourself 8.revisit 9.how 10.to invest Passage 2：1.reading 2.between 3.must 4.It 5.something/what 6.headlined 7.to engage 8.whether/if 9.the most appealing 10.are valued Passage 3：1.by 2.having 3.to maintain 4.closest 5.with whom 6.however 7.may/might 8.what 9.updates 10.which 话题3 文学、艺术与体育 Passage 1：1.because 2.taught 3.Should 4.more impressive 5.To put 6.what 7.are experiencing 8.nothing 9.despite 10.If Passage 2：1.deeper 2.analyzing 3.have become 4.behind 5.is consumed 6.that/which 7.what 8.Although/Though/While 9.may/might 10.their Passage 3：1.may/might 2.until 3.proved 4.why 5.less harmful 6.to swim 7.due to/because of/owing to 8.it 9.that 10.preventing 话题4 历史、社会与文化 Passage 1：1.If 2.comprises 3.at/in 4.that/which 5.to ensure 6.either 7.exploring 8.written 9.focused 10.how Passage 2：1.to stop 2.others/some 3.that 4.have been shutting/have shut 5.under 6.lower 7.were posted 8.who 9.turning 10.ordered Passage 3：1.more prized 2.that 3.unless 4.to have 5.that/which 6.has been driven 7.reducing 8.those 9.should 10.instead of 话题5 科学与技术 Passage 1：1.are taught 2.until 3.that 4.fixing 5.by 6.worse 7.as 8.to be involved 9.to 10.clinging Passage 2：1.relies 2.are being put 3.to define 4.how 5.Even if/Even though 6.where 7.closest 8.produced 9.carrying 10.in Passage 3：1.going 2.another 3.to circumnavigate 4.nearest 5.If 6.like 7.have to 8.have attempted/have been attempting 9.how 10.where 话题6 人与自然 Passage 1：1.less expert 2.as/though 3.which 4.accepted 5.falling 6.has been reached 7.where 8.like 9.protecting 10.themselves/might Passage 2：1.to use 2.given 3.might 4.are fed 5.her 6.except 7.because 8.that 9.have been shaped 10.rising Passage 3：1.married 2.that 3.can 4.had been credited 5.what 6.who 7.to 8.following 9.to be seen 10.although/though 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $