考前押题02 完形填空6大常考话题（期中专项训练）高二英语下学期沪教版

考前押题02 完形填空6大常考话题 话题1 生活与学习 话题4 历史、社会与文化 话题2 做人与做事 话题5 科学与技术 话题3 文学、艺术与体育 话题6 人与自然 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 话题1 生活与学习 Passage 1 （24-25高二下·上海闵行·期中）Gathering her backpack for school, 14- year old Carolyn Milander burst into tears for the second time that week. “Not again, Carolyn!” her mother said, 1 , “When you get perfect grades, you’re on a high. But when you don’t get enough sleep, you get so tired and depressed! This 2 cycle has got to end!” Carolyn screamed, “I’m fine, just leave me alone!” Carolyn had just started at a new secondary school and was having trouble coping with the increased expectations and pressures to perform. This type of angry interchange is all too 3 for today’s teens and their parents, and it’s no surprise. 4 watching and hoping things would improve, Carolyn’s mother carried out a bit of personal research to find out what sort of help was available. She discovered that there was a special stress-reduction class at Carolyn’s school, known as “Happy Class”, and she 5 that Carolyn should attend it. That was four years ago. Recently, Carolyn told her story to a magazine for young people. “I remember 6 climbing into the car and sitting silently as my mum drove me to my first Happy Class,” Carolyn said. “Then I shyly walked into the classroom and took a seat. With the lights off, the leaders and students sat facing each other in a circle. I felt 7 and embarrassed, hoping no one would see me when they walked by the classroom. We started by closing our eyes, focusing on our breathing.” As Carolyn began to notice her breath, she said, “I 8 thinking about people in the hallway. I felt really relaxed and focused on that moment in time.” This was a feeling she liked and she could tell she would 9 what the classes could offer. Happy Class was a significant turning point for Carolyn. She began to explore deeper life issues, 10 what gave her feelings of happiness and fulfillment. She also learned to 11 herself for who she was, instead of striving to live up to other people’s ideas of success. Many of her friends and family expected her to attend Harvard or another top university, but Carolyn created her own 12 of happiness instead. She stopped 13 , organized her time better so she was able to relax and do things she enjoyed, and tried to eat more healthily. She realized that she could achieve happiness close to home, rather than by going to a top university. 14 , Carolyn decided to become a nurse and to apply to just one college — a 20-minute drive away. “I didn’t want to be 15 by a top university, even if I received a scholarship. I wanted to remain true to the goals I set for myself.” 1．A．supposedly B．worriedly C．excitedly D．repeatedly 2．A．expected B．comfortable C．terrible D．combined 3．A．familiar B．convenient C．essential D．famous 4．A．In spite of B．Regardless of C．In terms of D．Instead of 5．A．insisted B．wondered C．doubted D．showed 6．A．willingly B．angrily C．oddly D．gratefully 7．A．excited B．surprised C．awkward D．confident 8．A．consider B．dislike C．advise D．quit 9．A．listen to B．benefit from C．depend on D．persist in 10．A．denying B．needing C．predicting D．defining 11．A．push B．feel C．accept D．thank 12．A．version B．hope C．study D．wave 13．A．turning up B．living up C．staying up D．taking up 14．A．In fact B．By contrast C．On the whole D．To the end 15．A．refused B．injured C．discovered D．tempted Passage 2 （23-24高二下·上海·期中）UK safety advisers have dismissed concerns that highly processed food, also known as ultra-processed food(UPF), is automatically unhealthy because of the way it is made or its artificial ingredients. The current way that the UK and most other countries 1 the nutritional value of foods—which is generally by how much fat, salt, sugar and calories they contain— remains the best approach to achieving a healthy diet, said a team of scientists. They also 2 that people who cut out all ultra-processed foods could make their diets more unhealthy, for instance, if they avoid foods such as yogurts, low-fat spreads, wholemeal bread and food made of grains.“We need to be driven by the 3 and not have this knee-jerk reaction that treats all UPF the same,”said Robin May, chief scientific adviser at the UK’s Food Standards Agency. 4 about processed foods have been growing, but it is unclear if there is something uniquely bad about them or if they just tend to be higher in things like fat and sugar. The issue has 5 this year since Chris vanTulleken, a doctor and TV presenter, published a book called Ultra-Processed People: Why do we all eat stuff that isn’t food... and why can’t we stop? Chris van Tulleken has called for more countries to adopt dietary guidelines pioneered in Brazil, where people are 6 to prioritise eating whole foods and homemade meals, and avoid eating factory-made foods. On 27 September, researchers from nutrition organisations 7 the proposed system. “We 8 need foods to be processed so that we can feed the world,”said May at the University of Leeds, UK, who is a member of the British Nutrition Foundation. May also said UPF 9 products that are both healthy and unhealthy. “It’s important we don’t throw the baby out with the bathwater here. There are many components that have a very important role to play in 10 and in safety,” he said. Benefits of food processing include the use of preservatives that make food last longest and artificial sweeteners that help people 11 their sugar intake, said May. Other examples of processed foods that can be 12 include baby food, infant formula milk and breads with added vitamins and minerals, said the panel. But Van Tulleken says that the evidence 13 UPF is strong. “There is an increasing amount of science describing the many ways in which UPF affects the human body,” he says. “The 14 of the food structure by industrial processing means that UPF is, in general, soft. This means you eat it fast, which means you eat far more calories per minute and don’t feel 15 until long after you’ve finished. 1．A．analyze B．assess C．confirm D．estimate 2．A．complained B．suspected C．warned D．threatened 3．A．authority B．expert C．experiment D．science 4．A．Concerns B．Challenges C．Questions D．Issues 5．A．come into being B．come into focus C．sprung up D．made sense 6．A．advised B．discouraged C．required D．forbidden 7．A．justified B．approved C．supported D．rejected 8．A．absolutely B．occasionally C．typically D．primarily 9．A．accepts B．excludes C．includes D．conclude 10．A．popularity B．nutrition C．use D．production 11．A．reduce B．increase C．balance D．calculate 12．A．essential B．beneficial C．influential D．artificial 13．A．for B．beyond C．against D．from 14．A．evolution B．transformation C．construction D．destruction 15．A．full B．satisfied C．refreshed D．delighted Passage 3 （23-24高二下·上海·期中）Italy’s one-euro-home sales have been attracting a lot of interest over the past few years. Some towns like Mussomeli in Sicily and Zungoli in Campania have managed to 1 abandoned properties to foreigners pursuing the Italian dream. However, some have 2 to sell their empty homes. Among them is Patrica, a remote village of barely 3,000 residents located south of Rome, where more than 40 properties deserted in the early 1900s have been left 3 . In an attempt to breathe new life into the dying village, the town’s mayor Lucio Fiordaliso has been trying to 4 the success of other Italian villages who’ve put their empty homes up for sale for one euro, or just over a dollar. “The process is not 5 . We first mapped out all abandoned houses and contacted the original owners to ask for permission. Only then can we place these properties up for sale with their 6 , which makes the process very complicated.” However, the permission from one owner of the house sometimes is not enough for the sale of potential one euro homes. That is because most relatives sharing the same property often 7 one another for personal reasons or some hardly speak or know each other. Another reason that the one euro plan never really started in Patrica could be due to the 8 of its homes. Some of the houses are simply too neglected to sell, even if the owners were willing to agree to it. 9 , Patric a local Gianni Valleco and his two brothers decided to place their parents’ abandoned home on the market to see what would happen. But they soon disappointedly found that the house was far from 10 . In the meantime, Fiordalis o has been coming up with new ways to 11 newcomers. He prompted several locals to entirely restyle their old family homes and put them to use after decades of neglect. “The mayor’s move finally gave us a good excuse to fully restore the property which had been sitting there 12 ,” says the locals. The mayor also decided to start operating some commercial activities like an B&B or a restaurant or a shopping center. “There is 13 , but then when many foreigners actually see the bad shape of the old homes they’d prefer to opt for turn-key apartments that are already restyled or in need of just 14 fixes,” says Fiordaliso. “So it’s much more convenient to buy one of these newer ones than 15 an old building in need of major reconstruction, where the final cost would end up being much higher.” Despite these challenges, Fiordalis o hasn’t given up on selling the town’s long forgotten homes. 1．A．assign B．restrict C．shift D．return 2．A．forgot B．emerged C．continued D．struggled 3．A．shaking B．shining C．decayed D．burnt 4．A．catch up with I B．make fun of C．pay attention to D．take pride in 5．A．optional B．rigid C．simple D．special 6．A．initiative B．budget C．approval D．determination 7．A．disagree with B．negotiate with C．text to D．cooperate with 8．A．location B．condition C．exhibition D．ownership 9．A．For example B．By contrast C．In fact D．On the contrary 10．A．sufficient B．desirable C．spacious D．enough 11．A．appeal to B．back up C．hold back D．count on 12．A．independently B．uselessly C．permanently D．purposefully 13．A．claim B．coverage C．audience D．interest 14．A．minor B．temporary C．urgent D．costly 15．A．build B．furnish C．rent D．grab 话题2 做人与做事 Passage 1 （24-25高二下·上海·期中）Real Life, Great Stories With any kind of writing, it can be difficult to decide what should go in and what should be left out. However, when you are telling stories from real life — creative 1 — that task becomes even harder because your source material is vast and complicated. Having decided the story you want to tell, it’s all too 2 to drift from the narrative path or to slow the pace by adding too much detail and description, so that you risk losing the reader. 3 , when it comes to redrafting, you may have to be particularly brutal (直截了当的) in killing your darlings. “Killing your darlings” means cutting any 4 material, from words and sentences to complete scenes, and it’s hard because these will often be parts you have put great time, thought and care into crafting. Arthur Quiller-Couch 5 the phrase in his 1916 book On the Art of Writing: If you here require a practical 6 of me, I will present you with this: “Whenever you feel an impulse to perpetrate (作) a piece of exceptionally fine writing, obey your impulse — whole-heartedly — and 7 it before sending your manuscript to press. Murder your darlings.” It helps if you come to redrafting with a 8 mindset, regarding it as an ongoing part of the creative process rather than a red-pen exercise. The other thing that helps is if you always save a copy of your current version before you start polishing it, then nothing is irrevocably (无法改变地) lost, and that frees you to 9 big changes in the creative spirit of play. With any kind of story, there are always 10 issues that need redrafting, because when you set out you don’t know exactly what the story will be. Fresh ideas come in along the way, and unexpected possibilities. As well as tightening the plot, sometimes a(n) 11 will emerge through the writing, so you gradually understand, ‘Ah — so this is what I’m writing about,’ and you will want to foreground that theme and cut parts that don’t 12 its development. When it comes to the 13 , the voice of the story develops and becomes stronger through the writing too, so on redrafting you will be looking at word and sentence level changes, especially in the early chapters. At the redrafting stage, you will have whole scenes that don’t develop the themes or don’t fit with voice of your story. You might be able to 14 them into a new book project or publish them on blogging platforms, but whatever happens to them, they have contributed to your experience and development as a writer. Let 15 go. 1．A．thinking B．sci-fi C．draft D．non-fiction 2．A．easy B．complicated C．appropriate D．late 3．A．For these reasons B．In spite of that C．By contrast D．For example 4．A．beloved B．delicate C．irrelevant D．offensive 5．A．simplified B．coined C．abandoned D．trialed 6．A．phrase B．sample C．lifestyle D．rule 7．A．revise B．conduct C．delete D．expose 8．A．contradictory B．neutral C．rebellious D．positive 9．A．experiment with B．substitute for C．impose on D．conflict with 10．A．unceasing B．structural C．literate D．grammatical 11．A．peak B．theme C．motivation. D．issue 12．A．contribute to B．result from C．dispose of D．slow down 13．A．literary fame B．text structure C．fine detail D．book review 14．A．reverse B．recycle C．ease D．divide 15．A．yourself B．him C．everything D．them Passage 2 （23-24高二下·上海·期中）Studies have shown that when people’s mental health improves, they’re more likely to 1 in their relationships and careers — and adopt healthier habits. People become more productive, find meaning in everyday experiences and are more equipped to cope with changes and obstacles when they feel mentally well. Here are four New Year’s resolutions experts expect people to make 2 mental health. Rethink your social media use Reflect on whether you’d like to continue with the same online habits in 2024, says Nedra Glover Tawwab, a therapist. “Do you want to set some 3 for yourself? Are there people you need to 4 ?” “For example, you might limit yourself to 15 minutes on social media per day, delete the most 5 apps from your phone during the workweek, or challenge yourself not to check social media when you’re feeling gloomy. Reconnect with a long-lost friend “Make new friends, but keep the old” is an adage (格言) for a reason. Loneliness affects physical and mental health while 6 social bonds are a slave. Resolve to reach out to “one person you lost touch with who used to be 7 to you,” Winch says. He recommends opening with a text like this: “I was thinking about you. It’s been so long. How are you?” 8 the message with a smiley face, he adds. “That’s important because when you say, ‘It’s been so long’, it can sound accusing.” A smiley face, Winch says, can ensure the 9 meaning — “I miss you” — comes across. Plan four activities each week The “core four” help guard against life’s stressors. First, do something 10 , like attending a football game or belting out a Taylor Swift album. Having fun “ 11 the stress by helping you accumulate more positive events than negative ones,” says Calvin Fitch, a clinical health psychologist. Then check off a “mastery activity”, like cleaning or running errands. Also important are being 12 — a sense of belonging facilitates better health — and doing physical activities that get your heart rate going. Do something to relieve climate anxiety If you’re 13 about the state of the planet — and more of us are — worrying won’t help. Instead, take a cue from Winch’s family: each year, they decide to do one thing to 14 their climate anxiety, like eliminating plastic bags, composting food scraps, or walking 15 minutes to nearby destinations instead of driving. “It’s overwhelming — I feel like I can’t get my arms around it,” he says. “But doing one small thing is a way of feeling like you’re 15 your goal.” 1．A．compete B．quit C．recall D．thrive 2．A．in memory of B．in the name of C．with the aid of D．with the exception of 3．A．boundaries B．standards C．records D．examples 4．A．uncover B．unlock C．unfollow D．unlike 5．A．time-consuming B．time-saving C．time-honored D．time-starved 6．A．deep B．new C．private D．safe 7．A．dear B．indifferent C．rare D．strange 8．A．Decorate B．End C．Lengthen D．Start 9．A．moral B．literature C．real D．empathetic 10．A．comfortable B．efficient C．pleasurable D．unusual 11．A．decreases B．enhances C．extends D．supplies 12．A．energetic B．healthy C．responsible D．social 13．A．ambitious B．cautious C．confident D．distressed 14．A．conceal B．ease C．measure D．track 15．A．emphasizing B．defeating C．underestimating D．approaching Passage 3 （23-24高二下·上海·期中）Anger isn’t a pleasant feeling. Some of us bottle up the emotion, while others 1 in a wild anger. Both habits have bad effects on our bodies, our minds, and our relationships. Anger may feel uncomfortable, but it’s also normal and healthy. “A lot of people think they have to 2 their anger,” says Patrick Keelan, a registered psychologist. “But anger is an emotion built into us to signal that something needs to be 3 . ” When we take notice of that signal and actually correct the problem instead of ignoring it, we’re usually much better for it. 4 , many of us have been conditioned to keep our emotions hidden. Increasingly, research is suggesting that this can have long-term effects on our health. Investigators at the University of Rochester noticed that people who 5 their emotions tend to have shorter life spans. They’re more likely to die earlier from cancer, 6 . When we’re angry, stress hormones are released, which can make us more likely to develop a wide range of diseases, including diabetes, depression, and autoimmune conditions. Is it better, then, to 7 whenever something makes you mad? That’s the fundamental reason behind the “rage rooms” that have popped up in many American cities, where folks are invited to release their anger by violently having stuff 8 in a “safe” environment. “The theory is that you get the anger out of your system through aggressive actions, and it’s 9 , ” says Keelan. “But the research indicates that when we display our anger aggressively, it can actually increase the 10 of the anger — and increase the likelihood of aggressive actions in the future.” It doesn’t take much imagination to 11 how displaying anger violently can affect your relationships with your spouse, your kids, or your co-workers. It also 12 your health. A large 2016 study at McMaster University found that people are more than twice as likely to have a heart attack after an angry outburst. The increased blood pressure and heart rate put 13 on the cardiovascular (心血管的) system. If we shouldn’t bottle up our angry feelings but aggressive behaviour isn’t healthy either, how should we 14 things that irritate us? It’s the extreme highs and lows that take a toll. If you’re able to apply techniques that smooth out some of those 15 , you can have a gentler ride. 1．A．escape B．explode C．evacuate D．express 2．A．get out of B．get down with C．get hold of D．get rid of 3．A．consumed B．credited C．erased D．addressed 4．A．Unfortunately B．Incredibly C．Generally D．Literally 5．A．contain B．release C．arouse D．strengthen 6．A．on the contrary B．in short C．as usual D．for example 7．A．fight B．scream C．glare D．pour 8．A．smashed B．spilt C．separated D．shaken 9．A．inspiring B．scaring C．uploading D．liberating 10．A．stability B．quantity C．intensity D．priority 11．A．predict B．prospect C．react D．reflect 12．A．bothers B．restricts C．hurts D．breaks 13．A．warning B．emphasis C．stress D．flow 14．A．follow B．handle C．avoid D．shadow 15．A．down and out B．twists and turns C．apples and oranges D．peaks and valleys 话题3 文学、艺术与体育 Passage 1 （24-25高二下·上海·期中）Before arriving in Paris, Wu Shuyun, a 56-year-old Chinese housewife, imagined the French capital to be like film set for a romantic love story, 1 herself as a fashionable princess surrounded by elegant Parisians. Instead, Ms. Wu said she was 2 by the cigarette butts and dog poo on the street, and the 3 of the locals. Though friends had warned her about 4 targeting Chinese people, she said she was nevertheless surprised when a number of her tour group was 5 on a crowded Metro train, as other passengers looked on. “For the Chinese, France has always been romantic, mysterious and 6 ,” Ms. Wu said after a two-week tour. “Once I realized that the Parisians were indifferent, I made a 7 : try to make the most of the trip, but never come back to Paris again.” Psychologists warned that Chinese tourists, shaken by 8 , were at risk of Paris Syndrome, a condition during which foreigners suffer depression and anxiety when their rosy imagination of champagne, magnificent architecture and Monet are 9 . The expression was coined 30 years ago by Paris-based Japanese psychiatrist, Hiroaki Ota, after several Japanese visitors to Paris fell ill when their culture of 10 was met with French arrogance (傲慢). Thomas Deschamps, the head of research at the Paris Tourism Office, said culture shock was particularly 11 among travelers from Asia, who sometimes wrongly regarded the French capital as a museum. “They watch movies like Amelie (《天使爱美丽》). They think all Parisians carry Louis Vuitton purses and smell like Dior,” Thomas said. “They don’t know about the working-class suburbs, the overworked waiters, the more 12 parts of the city. Paris is not a museum. People are 13 . They are stressed and living their lives.” To help protect Chinese tourists, the local tourism industry has redoubled its efforts to be more 14 sensitive. An online guide for hotels and businesses notes that for serving Chinese visitors, “a simple 15 and hello in their language will obviously put them at ease.” 1．A．wanting B．painting C．picturing D．appearing 2．A．frightened B．shocked C．worried D．pleased 3．A．concern B．warmth C．anger D．indifference 4．A．policemen B．thieves C．locals D．drivers 5．A．robbed B．beaten C．threatened D．pushed 6．A．satisfying B．attractive C．damaging D．surprising 7．A．choice B．proposal C．difference D．decision 8．A．unhappiness B．expectation C．hope D．disappointment 9．A．overlooked B．destroyed C．canceled D．established 10．A．tolerance B．acceptance C．consideration D．politeness 11．A．familiar B．unusual C．common D．frequent 12．A．unpleasant B．terrific C．horrible D．uncomfortable 13．A．1ay B．busy C．honest D．simple 14．A．economically B．politically C．culturally D．socially 15．A．smile B．praise C．gesture D．greeting Passage 2 （24-25高二下·上海·期中）Pickleball was invented in 1965 and became an instant hit with its unique combination of badminton, tennis, and table-tennis. Some consider it a(n) 1 version of tennis－it requires less power and less running. However, there has been a turf war (争夺战) between traditional tennis players and the rapidly growing pickleball community. Some tennis players accuse pickleballers of taking up courts. The source of the 2 is a familiar one to economists: the distribution of a limited resource. Pickleball has gained widespread popularity since the covid-19 pandemic, especially among those over the age of 55. 3 special courts, many pickleballers started using public tennis courts. Basic economics teaches students about substitute and complementary (互补的) goods. Substitutes are goods that can be 4 by one another－think Coca-Cola and Pepsi. Rising demand for one will lead to falling demand for the other. Complements are the 5 . Rising demand for one stimulates demand for the other － think cars and petrol. It is 6 to see why the two sports appear to be substitutes. Public-court space is 7 and private clubs can be expensive. As pickleball has added more than 9 million players since 2020, the number of tennis players has also 8 , but growth in courts has not kept pace. In the long run, however, the impact of pickleball on tennis is not necessarily 9 . There is even an argument that the two sports may end up complementary. First, what is really apparent is a rise in demand for facilities in which both sports can be played, and local authorities have never been keener on the provision of public courts. If 10 keeps up, it will result in suitable spaces for both sports. 11 , the act of playing either sport is probably a complement to the other. Tennis is both hard to learn and athletically challenging. Pickleball is less 12 for children and the elderly to pick up. Consequently, it could easily become an entry point to more 13 sports － one that encourages children to progress to tennis 14 they have a little more muscle. And this process might later work 15 . Lifelong tennis players, who find the sport too demanding as they age, might enjoy switching to pickleball. 1．A．simpler B．popular C．final D．unique 2．A．interaction B．combination C．conflict D．invention 3．A．In the face of B．In the absence of C．In the company of D．In the name of 4．A．advertised B．exchanged C．sold D．replaced 5．A．opposite B．alternative C．equivalent D．relative 6．A．strange B．easy C．interesting D．possible 7．A．free B．available C．limited D．rented 8．A．changed B．increased C．switched D．stabilized 9．A．general B．changeable C．negative D．complementary 10．A．provision B．demand C．argument D．expense 11．A．However B．Therefore C．In addition D．In short 12．A．worthwhile B．argumentative C．recommended D．demanding 13．A．challenging B．professional C．interesting D．beneficial 14．A．in case B．once C．unless D．because 15．A．on the contrary B．in exchange C．in reward D．on the other hand Passage 3 （24-25高二下·上海·期末）Don’t Hibernate AH, WINTER, the season of roast dinners and heated blankets. Not so much time for getting up early to hit the gym, going for a run in the evening darkness, or even taking a brief walk at lunch time. The evidence confirms what you probably 1 . In winter, most people tend to spend more time in a sedentary (久坐的) way. Does that mean we casual exercisers are fated to 2 in the icy months, or are there ways to address it? And does anything about the colder, darker months actually make maintaining our 3 easier? First of all, it is helpful for you to make the effort during winter, even if you are not 4 about your six-pack (发达的腹肌). Seasonal affective disorder (properly abbreviated as SAD), which is often linked to reduced 5 to sunlight during the shorter winter days, may affect not just mood but your health as well. While exercise is not a cure-all, studies suggest that it can help to 6 the mood disorder. Are there benefits to training in cold weather? This is 7 . For years, it was assumed that bodies burn more calories in the cold to keep warm, while also helping the body’s-white fat to take on the properties of brown fat, which 8 as a fuel to maintain body temperature. However, just how beneficial the process can be is open to 9 . Still, the benefits of exercise make it more than worth toughing out the odd pre-dawn alarm. But how do you get it done? “My top tip would be to either use your commute (通勤) to get your workout in, or make sure you get out again as soon as you get home,” says running coach Havley Hemmings. “I’d also 10 teaming up with someone so you’re accountable to go for a run.” Of course, if training outdoors does not sound like fun, even when you are 11 up, there are other options. Walking 4,000 steps a day, for example, can significantly reduce your risk of all-cause mortality (死亡率). At the other end of the range, a short, sharp 12 of high-intensity interval training can boost your mood while helping to reduce fat. If you are not used to training, an entry-level 13 is the Timmons Method, or 20 seconds of squats (深蹲) or kettlebell (壶铃) swings work, followed by two minutes of active recovery (just moving around) repeated a few times. And finally, don’t 14 the importance of your mood on getting you to work out in the first place. There is fairly strong evidence that 15 vitamin D can positively affect your mood, and it is nearly impossible to get enough from the sun in winter. Get a supplement (补充剂) — and don’t be afraid to chase it with roast dinners. 1．A．pretend B．regret C．suspect D．understand 2．A．break down B．fall behind C．set off D．wake up 3．A．balance B．fitness C．innocence D．reputation 4．A．annoyed B．excited C．disappointed D．concerned 5．A．addiction B．desire C．exposure D．preference 6．A．detect B．diagnose C．relieve D．treat 7．A．funnier B．rarer C．stranger D．trickier 8．A．abandons B．employs C．functions D．targets 9．A．interpretation B．adaptation C．negotiation D．temptation 10．A．appreciate B．practice C．recommend D．resist 11．A．built B．wrapped C．set D．held 12．A．component B．burst C．block D．portion 13．A．alternative B．opportunity C．requirement D．technique 14．A．emphasize B．investigate C．underestimate D．welcome 15．A．inadequate B．excessive C．superior D．sufficient 话题4 历史、社会与文化 Passage 1 （24-25高二下·上海浦东新·期末）No, You Don’t Get an A Just for Effort After 20 years of teaching, I thought I’d heard every argument in the book from students who wanted a better grade. But recently, multiple students had a new complaint: “My grade doesn’t reflect the effort I put into this course.” High marks are for 1 , not grit (硬扛，死磕). In the past, students understood that hard work was not sufficient; an A required great work. Yet today, many students expect to be rewarded for the quantity of their effort rather than the quality of their knowledge. In surveys, two-thirds of college students say that “trying hard” should be a factor in their grades, and a third think they should get at least a B just for 2 at (most) classes. This isn’t Gen Z’s fault. It’s the result of a(n) 3 about one of the most popular educational theories. More than a generation ago, the psychologist Carol Dweck published groundbreaking experiments that changed how many parents and teachers talk to kids. Praising kids for their abilities 4 their resilience (韧劲), making them more likely to give up when they encountered setbacks. To persist and learn in the face of challenges, kids needed to believe that abilities and skills are 5 , and the best way to nurture this growth mindset was to shift from praising intelligence to effort. This idea quickly made its way into viral articles, best-selling books and popular TED talks. Psychologists have long found that rewarding effort cultivates a strong work ethic and reinforces learning. That’s especially 6 for students who weren’t born into comfort or don’t have a record of achievement. 7 , the problem is that we’ve taken the practice of celebrating hard work. We are treating it as an end in itself. We’ve taught a generation of kids that their worth is defined 8 by their work ethic. That does great harm to the students. One study found that if there wasn’t a time limit, the higher people scored on their own 9 , the more likely they were to stick to a task they will never accomplish. This is what worries me most about valuing perseverance above all else: It can motivate people to stick with a bad 10 instead of developing better ones. With students, a textbook example is pulling all-nighters rather than spacing out their studying over a few days. Teachers and parents owe kids a more 11 message. There’s a reason we award Olympic medals to the athletes who swim the fastest, not the ones who train the hardest. Motivation is only one of multiple variables (变量) in the achievement equation (等式). Ability, opportunity and luck 12 , too. The ideal 13 to a disappointing grade is not to complain that your diligence wasn’t rewarded. It’s to ask how you could make your investment 14 better. Trying harder isn’t always the answer. Sometimes it’s working smarter, and other times it’s working on something else altogether. Every teacher should support students to succeed. In my classes, I make it clear that my goal is to give as many A’s as possible. But they’re earned through mastering all. The true 15 of learning is not the time and energy you put in. It’s the knowledge and skills you take out. 1．A．industriousness B．engagement C．morality D．excellence 2．A．doing well B．showing up C．nodding off D．burning out 3．A．misunderstanding B．stretching C．extinction D．emergence 4．A．creates B．restores C．stocks D．hurts 5．A．intangible B．attainable C．preservable D．valuable 6．A．fearful B．sentimental C．dreary D．important 7．A．Therefore B．Otherwise C．However D．Besides 8．A．barely B．initially C．primarily D．proportionately 9．A．grit B．education C．adaptability D．intellect 10．A．tendency B．strategy C．motive D．criterion 11．A．balanced B．universal C．motivational D．random 12．A．vary B．arise C．count D．interfere 13．A．switch B．response C．obstacle D．access 14．A．run out B．drop in C．catch on D．pay off 15．A．measurement B．significance C．theory D．reward Passage 2 （24-25高二下·上海闵行·期中）Could you eat your pet Guinea pig? In recent years, that question has become a classic example in cultural anthropology (人类学) classes that relate to the 1 nature of our attitudes towards food. Think about it. On one side of the great Guinea Pig Divide stand Andean cultures, who have long treated the furry creature as a nutritious source of food. On the other side are European and US cultures, where the animal is 2 considered a beloved pet. While western children would doubtlessly react with 3 to the idea of eating these little creatures, to some cultures in Ecuador and Peru it seems equally strange to cherish them as pets. 4 , how we treat guinea pigs is one of the many small ways in which we define our sense of what exactly is considered “exotic”. As any anthropology class will also teach you, 5 others as “exotic” or “weird”, because of food or anything else, also makes it easier to demonise (妖魔化) them. However, there is another side to this. Culture can often be more 6 than we realise, particularly in a globalised age. Gideon Lasco, an anthropologist from the Philippines, has been studying the issue of how and why Andean cultures cat guinea pigs. His research starts by 7 that this food is a social divider not just between Andean cultures and the West, but also inside of countries such as Peru. Some Andean cultures have eaten guinea pigs, known as cuy, for centuries. But in recent decades, urban Peruvians have 8 , knowing that westerners view the practice in a negative light. More recently, however, notes Lasco, two striking 9 have emerged. First, some western tourists have started to view eating guinea-pig dishes as 10 . While globalisation has already brought dishes from around the world into western supermarkets, chopped guinea pig is not yet 11 in Walmart, hence its value as an “experience”. Second, some educated Peruvian have also become more interested in defining and championing what makes them 12 in a globalized world by creating a new form of cuy cuisine in Lima. “As eating’ local’ becomes more fashionable around the world, wealthier people have been 13 time-honored foods,” Lasco writes. Those furry creatures are no longer just a sign of global 14 but of cultural flexibility. This may not, however, make western kids feel any better about the idea of their pets being cooked. But the issue should help them (and adults) to 15 that our assumptions need not be set in stone, or cages. 1．A．physical B．interactive C．local D．subjective 2．A．generally B．accordingly C．inadequately D．previously 3．A．delight B．relief C．horror D．understanding 4．A．In other words B．What’s more C．Even so D．On the contrary 5．A．striking B．deleting C．helping D．labelling 6．A．difficult B．flexible C．relevant D．restricted 7．A．noting B．doubting C．demanding D．complaining 8．A．appeared B．stopped C．succeeded D．fainted 9．A．contrasts B．designs C．options D．trends 10．A．memorable B．stable C．reliable D．fashionable 11．A．out of stock B．on sale C．in need D．without delay 12．A．similar B．useful C．unique D．definite 13．A．reprocessing B．excluding C．rediscovering D．replacing 14．A．differences B．tendencies C．responsibilities D．competitions 15．A．pretend B．recognise C．imagine D．object Passage 3 （24-25高二下·上海嘉定·期中）I decided to retire my personal social website account. It all began with a detailed review of my own Instagram account. I worked out that more than 80 per cent of the photos I had posted featured my 1 . In some ways this seemed 2 . If social websites are for a simple game of showing off, these two are clearly my pride. Next, however, I examined my husband’s post for 3 . In real life, he loves the kids no less than I do. Yet between his two social website accounts, they featured in only about 25 per cent of his photos. The 4 was split between a) kitchens he had designed and b) vinyl (黑胶) records he had purchased (the former being his job, the latter his addiction). We divide our time between work and childcare in comparable proportions. Yet the 5 suggested by our online selves was quite different. According to Katrin Tiidenberg, associate professor of social media and visual culture at Tallinn University, who is publishing a forthcoming book called Sex and Social Media, this is because men and women often have different 6 for sharing information on social media. When my husband posted a photo of Bruce Springsteen’s Nebraska on vinyl, his aim was 7 , my conversation with Tiidenberg implied. As the words on his post suggested, he mainly wanted the world to know that the 1982 album is: “so good”. When I posted a photo of our daughter eating fish fingers in fancy dress, sure, I was 8 . She looked amazing. I was hoping that her star quality might reflect, just a little, on me. But according to Tiidenberg: “Women tend to use social media as a tool to maintain their social 9 . They take those into account when they post and when deciding how they post.” A photo of a five-year-old in fancy-dress,   10 , doesn’t just say: “so good”. It can, meanwhile, say: “Hello godmother, who we feel guilty for cancelling on the other day”, “Hello cousins, who are now in Australia and feel a little disconnected...” Tiidenberg is careful to stress that she’s “not making any essentialist argument” about women and men’s 11 for either type of content. Instead, she argues, women have always been trained to take responsibility for cultivating and managing social networks: “They’re told it’s what they’re 12 .” In the distant pre-digital past, women were 13 guardians of the family photo album. And even today, says Tiidenberg, a division of 14 labor endures within many families in our offline worlds: “Who remembers people’s birthdays, sends your mother a card and buys the Christmas presents?” The knowledge that I had also 15 responsibility for the online equivalent made me feel angry. 1．A．children B．work C．addiction D．hobbies 2．A．strange B．unnecessary C．possible D．natural 3．A．information B．development C．consideration D．comparison 4．A．reality B．remainder C．knowledge D．visibility 5．A．direction B．balance C．reason D．manner 6．A．techniques B．requirements C．procedures D．motivations 7．A．true B．correct C．simple D．vague 8．A．showing off B．taking on C．setting out D．looking aside 9．A．positions B．services C．ties D．aims 10．A．at the beginning B．in other words C．on the whole D．by contrast 11．A．preferences B．demands C．support D．search 12．A．unaware of B．afraid of C．present at D．good at 13．A．unusually B．doubtfully C．typically D．contrarily 14．A．emotional B．casual C．domestic D．physical 15．A．denied B．shifted C．assumed D．stressed 话题5 科学与技术 Passage 1 （24-25高二下·上海杨浦·期中）Most people don’t think too much about chemicals around us, but actually they are all around us. Many substances 1 chemicals, including the air that we breathe and the water that we drink. Some chemicals are natural, but most of them are 2 and may be harmful to the human body.   In 2005, Hurricane Katrina struck the United States and destroyed hundreds of thousands of homes, so displaced people had to move into temporary housing. Later, some of them began experiencing headaches and nosebleeds due to formaldehyde (甲醛) 3 .   This strong chemical is commonly found in the glue that holds many household products and presses wood furniture together. It has been classified as a carcinogen (致癌物) since 2011 and has been   4 to an increase in asthma and other diseases in children. It has also been   5 as a poisonous chemical in China.   6 , there is another choice: natural glues. In particular, ones made from soy proteins that have been modified to 7 the protein some shellfish use to stick to rocks. A natural glue is now widely used in composite (合成的) wood products in the U.S. Other companies are also developing more natural 8 to dangerous industrial chemicals. This is a part of the Green Chemistry philosophy.   Green Chemistry is a way of rethinking how to develop products and processes that are more environmentally friendly, better for people’s health and yet are economically 9 . That includes reducing processing waste, using renewable materials and lessening the energy required to manufacture products. The Principles of Green Chemistry 10 the goals of this approach to chemical research and the chemical industry. The first is prevention. It is better to prevent waste than to 11 it or clean it up. Another principle encourages less hazardous chemical mixture. Chemical reactions should be designed to be as safe as possible. Energy 12 is encouraged as well as using chemicals made from renewable plant-based sources rather than petrochemical ones. Attention also needs to be paid to monitoring pollution in real time and choosing and developing chemical procedures that are safer and that 13 the risk of accidents.   There are 14 in meeting and holding to the principles of Green Chemistry, but this will stimulate new research and inspire the discovery of new chemistry. Green Chemistry can decrease pollution and increase the 15 development of the earth, thus improving the quality of life for humans and animals for years to come. 1．A．make up for B．serve as C．match with D．consist of 2．A．artificial B．changeable C．distinct D．everlasting 3．A．consumption B．exposure C．infection D．pressure 4．A．applied B．linked C．committed D．subjected 5．A．eliminated B．criticized C．regulated D．measured 6．A．Besides B．Therefore C．However D．Meanwhile 7．A．assemble B．signify C．produce D．resemble 8．A．representatives B．alternatives C．portions D．methods 9．A．profitable B．traceable C．feasible D．available 10．A．lay out B．appeal to C．depend on D．go over 11．A．collect B．select C．treat D．suspect 12．A．security B．efficiency C．objectivity D．variety 13．A．highlight B．identity C．evaluate D．minimize 14．A．advantages B．requirements C．oppositions D．challenges 15．A．accessible B．invisible C．sustainable D．agreeable Passage 2 （24-25高二下·上海嘉定·期中）In its best days, a visit to the London Trocadero was the highlight of many tourist trips to Britain. Opened in 1896, it was one of the grandest restaurants in the world. After a long decline it 1 in 1965. Yet soon the Trocadero will be on the London tourist-map once again: a 583-room hotel has come back. It is a(n) 2 of the hotel boom currently under way in London. The number of hotel rooms has risen from 129,000 in 2013 to 149,000 today. Last year occupancy rates reached their highest in a decade and average prices were higher than ever. The hotels’ boom is 3 , given the competition from sharing-economy websites and apps that allow people to rent out their spare rooms to travellers. Airbnb, the biggest such service, has 4 hotel revenues (收入) in some American cities by as much as 10%. By comparison, the impact of room-booking apps has been 5 in London. Only 0.5% of Londoners advertise their 6 on Airbnb, compared with 2.4% of Parisians. One reason is that there is a 7 of reasonably priced residential stock near London’s main tourist attractions, which are occupied by offices and mansions. And according to a recent report by Citi, a bank, the growth of Airbnb listings in London and other big European cities is already 8 , meaning that Londoners’ spare rooms are unlikely to be able to handle much more demand. Hotels have also benefited from a change in the 9 of visitors coming to Britain. While the strong pound has persuaded many tourists to go to cheaper destinations, business travellers cannot avoid London so easily. So although tourist spending didn’t witness a(n) 10 in 2015, businessfolk rose by 7% in Britain compared with the previous year. Unlike holidaymakers who are willing to book a room in a stranger’s home on Airbnb to save a few pounds, most businesspeople are travelling on expense accounts and 11 to spend. Meanwhile their employers, with a duty to ensure safety, remain 12 booking spare rooms, which they fear conceal slippery stairs, faulty electrics and other hazards. This 13 hoteliers nicely. But not all of them. Business travellers may not yet be switching to Airbnb, but they are 14 their costs. More than half the new rooms built in London this year will be operated by budget brands. Even the once-luxurious Trocadero cannot 15 that trend. Having made its name a century ago selling nine-course meals to the upper classes, in 2017 it re-opened — but as a budget hotel. 1．A．evolved B．reopened C．boasted D．closed 2．A．advantage B．symbol C．origin D．criticism 3．A．sustainable B．nationwide C．surprising D．short-lived 4．A．forced down B．added up C．come from D．resulted in 5．A．explored B．promoted C．suspected D．limited 6．A．products B．discoveries C．tendencies D．properties 7．A．shortage B．possibility C．threat D．collection 8．A．beginning B．remaining C．slowing D．repeating 9．A．age B．gender C．type D．analysis 10．A．similarity B．increase C．difference D．decrease 11．A．happy B．reluctant C．careful D．sorry 12．A．certain of B．careful about C．expert at D．busy in 13．A．suits B．warns C．defines D．guides 14．A．looking up to B．cutting down on C．making up for D．settling down to 15．A．follow B．confirm C．explain D．escape Passage 3 （24-25高二下·上海黄浦·期中）Racket, din, clamor, noise, whatever you want to call it, unwanted sound is America’s most widespread nuisan Day and night, at home, at work, and at play, noise can produce serious physical and psychological 1 . No one is immune to this stress. Though we seem to adjust to noise by 2 it, the ear, in fact, never closes and the body still responds—sometimes with extreme   3 , as to strange sound in the night. The 4 we feel when faced with noise is the most common outward 5 of the stress building up inside us. Indeed, because irritability (易怒，烦躁) is so apparent, legislators(立法者) have made public annoyance the   6 of many noise reduction programs. The more subtle and more serious health hazards associated with stress caused by noise 7 have been given much less attention. 8 , when we are annoyed or made irritable by noise, we should consider these symptoms fair warning that other things may be happening to us, some of which may be damaging to our health. Of many health hazards of noise, hearing loss is the most clearly observable and 9 by health professionals. The other hazards are harder to pin down. For many of us, there may be a risk that excessive 10 to the stress of noise increases vulnerability to disease and infection. The more vulnerable among us may experience noise as a complicating factor in heart problems and other diseases. Noise that causes annoyance and irritability in healthy persons may have serious consequences for these already ill in mind or body. Noise affect us throughout our lives. For example, there are   11 of effects on the unborn child when mothers are exposed to industrial and environmental noise. During infancy and childhood, youngsters affected by high noise levels may have trouble falling asleep and 12 necessary amounts of rest. Why, then, is there not greater 13 about these dangers? Perhaps it is because the link between noise and many disabilities or disease has not yet been 14 demonstrated. Perhaps it is because we tend to 15 annoyance as a price to pay for living in the modern world. It may also be because we still think of hearing loss as only an occupational hazard. 1．A．stress B．consequence C．influence D．risk 2．A．identifying B．rejecting C．ignoring D．emphasizing 3．A．case B．relief C．hatred D．tension 4．A．annoyance B．ignorance C．frustration D．grief 5．A．category B．symptom C．property D．code 6．A．outcome B．account C．effect D．basis 7．A．particularly B．traditionally C．enormously D．frequently 8．A．Therefore B．Moreover C．Actually D．Nevertheless 9．A．accessible B．renewable C．measurable D．available 10．A．resistance B．exposure C．opposition D．objection 11．A．indications B．landscape C．catalogues D．distinctions 12．A．restricting B．obtaining C．discouraging D．substituting 13．A．alarm B．preparation C．expectation D．suspicion 14．A．necessarily B．especially C．initially D．conclusively 15．A．deliver B．integrate C．dismiss D．enlarge 话题6人与自然 Passage 1 （24-25高二下·上海·期中）The Unseen World of Animal Behavior In the wild, animals exhibit fascinating behaviors that often 1 from season to season. During the breeding season, for instance, some birds perform incredible feats to attract mates, while others focus on 2 their young. Scientists have long tried to 3 these complex patterns, but many aspects remain unclear. One prominent discovery is how certain animals 4 their body temperature in extreme environments. Unlike humans, who rely on technology, these creatures have natural abilities to 5 for the challenges of their habitats. For example, Arctic foxes 6 their fur with thick layers of fat, a clever adaptation that helps them survive. Researchers often conduct experiments to study these behaviors. In one case, a team used a sand pit to observe how wolves interact, with some wolves acting as a control group. The results showed a statistically significant difference in their social structures, proving that animal intelligence 7 beyond simple instincts. Technology has also found its way into this field. High-tech cameras now enable scientists to document animal experiences without human 8 . These tools have become building blocks for new discoveries, allowing us to 9 into the hidden lives of creatures we once knew little about. However, not all animal behaviors are easy to interpret. Some actions happen at random, leaving researchers puzzled. Yet, even these mysteries 10 , as they often lead to groundbreaking insights. 11 , the way dolphins communicate was once dismissed as noise, but it is now regarded as a 12 language system. In zoos, caretakers must nurture the animals’ natural instincts while ensuring their safety. This balance is crucial to maintaining their health. Some zoos have even 13 live streams of their animals, giving the public a chance to follow up their daily lives. These efforts help 14 the gap between humans and the animal kingdom, reminding us that every species has a unique role to play in nature’s grand story — whatever fortune has to 15 it. 1．A．change B．vary C．shift D．intervene 2．A．intruding B．monitoring C．educating D．grooming 3．A．take notice of B．make sense of C．make use of D．lose sight of 4．A．maintain B．regulate C．stabilize D．control 5．A．tailor B．solve C．prepare D．compare 6．A．loosen B．load C．loan D．lock 7．A．extends B．develops C．reaches D．enlarges 8．A．interference B．interruption C．interview D．interaction 9．A．divide B．step C．stretch D．dive 10．A．count B．endure C．prevail D．forecast 11．A．As a result B．For instance C．On the contrary D．After all 12．A．noble B．obvious C．noteworthy D．irrelevant 13．A．held B．informed C．motioned D．restored 14．A．check B．log C．turn D．bridge 15．A．happen to B．throw at C．call at D．send to Passage 2 （24-25高二下·上海黄浦·期末）The continuous presentation of frightening stories about global warming in the popular media makes us unnecessarily frightened. Even worse, it 1 our kids. Al Gore famously 2 how a sea-level rise of 20 feet would almost completely flood Florida, New York, Holland, and Shanghai, even though the United Nations says that such a thing will not even happen, 3 that sea levels will rise 20 times less than that. When 4 with these exaggerations (夸大), some of us say that they are for a good cause, and surely there is no harm done if the result is that we focus even more on handling climate change. This 5 is astonishingly wrong. Such exaggerations do plenty of harm. Worrying excessively about global warming means that we worry less about other things, where we could do so much more good. We focus, 6 , on global warming’s impact on Datong malaria (疟疾) — which will put slightly more people at 7 in 100 years — instead of dealing with the half a billion people 8 from malaria today with prevention and treatment policies that are much cheaper and dramatically more effective than carbon reduction would be. Exaggeration also wears out the public’s 9 to cope with global warming. If the planet is certain to be destroyed owing to global warming, people wonder, why do anything? A record 54% of American voters now believe the news media make global warming appear worse than it really is. A majority of people now believe — 10 — that global warming is not even caused by humans. But the 11 cost of exaggeration, I believe, is the unnecessary alarm that it causes — particularly among children. An article in The Washington Post cited nine-year-old Alyssa, who cries about the possibility of mass animal 12 from global warming. The newspaper also reported that parents are 13 effective outlets for their eight-year-olds’ concern with dying polar bears. They might be better off educating them and letting them know that, 14 to common belief, the global polar bear population has doubled over the past half- century, to about 22,000. Despite the possible 15 of summer Arctic ice, polar bears will not become extinct. 1．A．exhausts B．depresses C．terrifies D．exploits 2．A．dismissed B．demonstrated C．deposited D．described 3．A．denying B．justifying C．estimating D．advocating 4．A．faced B．identified C．equipped D．entitled 5．A．announcement B．argument C．interaction D．dialogue 6．A．for example B．in addition C．by contrast D．in short 7．A．peace B．leisure C．ease D．risk 8．A．suffering B．evolving C．developing D．prohibiting 9．A．ability B．preference C．willingness D．likelihood 10．A．enthusiastically B．incorrectly C．considerately D．reasonably 11．A．smallest B．worst C．fewest D．least 12．A．separation B．reservation C．isolation D．extinction 13．A．turning out B．taking over C．searching for D．pulling through 14．A．sensitive B．contrary C．related D．accustomed 15．A．disappearance B．transformation C．existence D．mobilization Passage 3 （24-25高二下·上海宝山·期末）How Do Fish Survive in Icy Waters? Animals like seals, penguins, and a wide variety of sea birds are all fish eaters. They live in the Arctic and Antarctic Circle, among the icecaps. The land is completely frozen. Yet these animals 1 to live in this region. How do they do it? The icy waters of the Arctic and Antarctic Oceans 2 a great amount of marine life. For millions of years, life has remained unchanged, making it possible for these animals to 3 these particular patterns of existence. But they do get some help from 4 . All liquids have a boiling point and a freezing point. When the outside temperature 5 below the freezing point of water, lakes and rivers get frozen. 6 , only the top layer of the lake or river freezes. Underneath the frozen upper layer, the water remains in its 7 form and does not freeze. Also, oxygen is trapped beneath the layer of ice. 8 , fish and other marine animals find it possible to live comfortably in the frozen lakes and ponds. But why doesn’t the entire body of water 9 , like a giant, lake-sized ice-cube? During winter months in colder countries, the outside temperature is very low and the upper layers of water in the lakes and ponds start 10 . When the temperature of the surface layers falls to 4℃, the water body acquires maximum density and 11 . The water that drops down 12 the water below, and the lower layers of water simultaneously rise up. This also gets cooled to 4℃ and again falls down. When the temperature of the water body finally goes below 4℃, the density or heaviness of water decreases and as a result water does not sink down. The 13 water finally freezes at 0℃while the lower part still remains at 4℃. The light frozen layer of ice floats on top. Ice does not allow heat to pass through it easily, so the freezing of the waters below is a very 14 process. At depths below 30 metres, temperatures are cold and stable but food is scarce. As a result, certain species of flatfish and polar fish have a(n) 15 growing rate, so that they can adapt to this tough situation to survive. 1．A．manage B．struggle C．try D．hope 2．A．trap B．transport C．support D．measure 3．A．adapt to B．devote to C．keep in mind D．get rid of 4．A．nature B．human C．science D．society 5．A．rises B．changes C．jumps D．declines 6．A．Moreover B．Therefore C．Otherwise D．However 7．A．solid B．liquid C．hard D．soft 8．A．For instance B．In other words C．As a result D．On the contrary 9．A．flow B．freeze C．melt D．drop 10．A．boiling B．combing C．cooling D．functioning 11．A．floats up B．sinks down C．stands up D．calms down 12．A．replaces B．advances C．stimulates D．transforms 13．A．bottom B．middle C．density D．surface 14．A．quick B．easy C．stable D．slow 15．A．reduced B．fastened C．updated D．survived / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 考前押题02 完形填空6大常考话题 话题1 生活与学习 Passage 1：1.B 2.C 3.A 4.D 5.A 6.B 7.C 8.D 9.B 10.D 11.C 12.A 13.C 14.A 15.D Passage 2：1.B 2.C 3.D 4.A 5.B 6.A 7.D 8.C 9.B 10.B 11.A 12.B 13.C 14.D 15.A Passage 3：1.C 2.D 3.D 4.A 5.C 6.C 7.A 8.B 9.B 10.B 11.A 12.D 13.D 14.A 15.D 话题2 做人与做事 Passage 1：1.D 2.A 3.C 4.C 5.B 6.D 7.C 8.D 9.A 10.B 11.A 12.A 13.C 14.B 15.D Passage 2：1.D 2.B 3.A 4.C 5.A 6.A 7.D 8.C 9.A 10.C 11.A 12.D 13.D 14.B 15.D Passage 3：1.B 2.D 3.D 4.A 5.A 6.D 7.C 8.D 9.C 10.B 11.D 12.C 13.C 14.B 15.D 话题3 文学、艺术与体育 Passage 1：1.C 2.B 3.D 4.B 5.A 6.A 7.D 8.A 9.B 10.D 11.C 12.A 13.B 14.C 15.A Passage 2：1.A 2.C 3.B 4.D 5.A 6.B 7.D 8.A 9.C 10.A 11.C 12.A 13.B 14.B 15.A Passage 3：1.C 2.B 3.B 4.D 5.C 6.C 7.D 8.A 9.B 10.D 11.A 12.B 13.A 14.C 15.D 话题4 历史、社会与文化 Passage 1：1.D 2.B 3.A 4.D 5.B 6.D 7.C 8.C 9.A 10.B 11.A 12.D 13.C 14.D 15.A Passage 2：1.D 2.A 3.C 4.D 5.B 6.B 7.A 8.B 9.D 10.D 11.A 12.C 13.C 14.A 15.B Passage 3：1.A 2.D 3.D 4.B 5.B 6.D 7.C 8.A 9.C 10.B 11.A 12.D 13.C 14.A 15.C 话题5 科学与技术 Passage 1：1.D 2.A 3.B 4.B 5.C 6.C 7.D 8.B 9.C 10.A 11.C 12.B 13.D 14.D 15.C Passage 2：1.D 2.B 3.C 4.A 5.D 6.D 7.A 8.B 9.C 10.B 11.A 12.B 13.A 14.B 15.D Passage 3：1.A 2.C 3.D 4.A 5.B 6.B 7.D 8.C 9.B 10.B 11.A 12.B 13.A 14.D 15.C 话题6 人与自然 Passage 1：1.B 2.D 3.B 4.B 5.C 6.B 7.A 8.A 9.D 10.A 11.B 12.C 13.A 14.D 15.B Passage 2：1.C 2.D 3.C 4.A 5.B 6.A 7.D 8.A 9.C 10.B 11.B 12.D 13.C 14.B 15.A Passage 3：1.A 2.C 3.A 4.A 5.D 6.D 7.B 8.C 9.B 10.C 11.B 12.A 13.D 14.D 15.A 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 考前押题02 完形填空6大常考话题 话题1 生活与学习 话题4 历史、社会与文化 话题2 做人与做事 话题5 科学与技术 话题3 文学、艺术与体育 话题6 人与自然 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 话题1 生活与学习 Passage 1 （24-25高二下·上海闵行·期中）Gathering her backpack for school, 14- year old Carolyn Milander burst into tears for the second time that week. “Not again, Carolyn!” her mother said, 1 , “When you get perfect grades, you’re on a high. But when you don’t get enough sleep, you get so tired and depressed! This 2 cycle has got to end!” Carolyn screamed, “I’m fine, just leave me alone!” Carolyn had just started at a new secondary school and was having trouble coping with the increased expectations and pressures to perform. This type of angry interchange is all too 3 for today’s teens and their parents, and it’s no surprise. 4 watching and hoping things would improve, Carolyn’s mother carried out a bit of personal research to find out what sort of help was available. She discovered that there was a special stress-reduction class at Carolyn’s school, known as “Happy Class”, and she 5 that Carolyn should attend it. That was four years ago. Recently, Carolyn told her story to a magazine for young people. “I remember 6 climbing into the car and sitting silently as my mum drove me to my first Happy Class,” Carolyn said. “Then I shyly walked into the classroom and took a seat. With the lights off, the leaders and students sat facing each other in a circle. I felt 7 and embarrassed, hoping no one would see me when they walked by the classroom. We started by closing our eyes, focusing on our breathing.” As Carolyn began to notice her breath, she said, “I 8 thinking about people in the hallway. I felt really relaxed and focused on that moment in time.” This was a feeling she liked and she could tell she would 9 what the classes could offer. Happy Class was a significant turning point for Carolyn. She began to explore deeper life issues, 10 what gave her feelings of happiness and fulfillment. She also learned to 11 herself for who she was, instead of striving to live up to other people’s ideas of success. Many of her friends and family expected her to attend Harvard or another top university, but Carolyn created her own 12 of happiness instead. She stopped 13 , organized her time better so she was able to relax and do things she enjoyed, and tried to eat more healthily. She realized that she could achieve happiness close to home, rather than by going to a top university. 14 , Carolyn decided to become a nurse and to apply to just one college — a 20-minute drive away. “I didn’t want to be 15 by a top university, even if I received a scholarship. I wanted to remain true to the goals I set for myself.” 1．A．supposedly B．worriedly C．excitedly D．repeatedly 2．A．expected B．comfortable C．terrible D．combined 3．A．familiar B．convenient C．essential D．famous 4．A．In spite of B．Regardless of C．In terms of D．Instead of 5．A．insisted B．wondered C．doubted D．showed 6．A．willingly B．angrily C．oddly D．gratefully 7．A．excited B．surprised C．awkward D．confident 8．A．consider B．dislike C．advise D．quit 9．A．listen to B．benefit from C．depend on D．persist in 10．A．denying B．needing C．predicting D．defining 11．A．push B．feel C．accept D．thank 12．A．version B．hope C．study D．wave 13．A．turning up B．living up C．staying up D．taking up 14．A．In fact B．By contrast C．On the whole D．To the end 15．A．refused B．injured C．discovered D．tempted 【答案】 1．B 2．C 3．A 4．D 5．A 6．B 7．C 8．D 9．B 10．D 11．C 12．A 13．C 14．A 15．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要介绍了Carolyn通过参加“快乐课堂”，学会应对压力，找到自我幸福的故事。 1．考查副词词义辨析。句意：“别再这样了，卡罗琳！”她妈妈担心地说。A. supposedly据推测；B. worriedly担心地；C. excitedly兴奋地；D. repeatedly反复地。根据上文“Gathering her backpack for school, 14- year old Carolyn Milander burst into tears for the second time that week.”可知，卡罗琳又哭了，所以她妈妈会很担心。故选B。 2．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这种糟糕的循环必须结束！A. expected预期的；B. comfortable舒适的；C. terrible糟糕的；D. combined结合的。根据上文“14- year old Carolyn Milander burst into tears for the second time that week.”以及“But when you don’t get enough sleep, you get so tired and depressed!”可知，没有足够的睡眠就疲惫抑郁，此处表示糟糕的循环。故选C。 3．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这种愤怒的交流在当今的青少年和他们的父母之间太常见了，这并不奇怪。A. familiar熟悉的、常见的；B. convenient方便的；C. essential必不可少的；D. famous著名的。根据下文“and it’s no surprise.”可知，这种交流是很常见的。故选A。 4．考查介词短语辨析。句意：卡罗琳的母亲没有坐视不管，希望事情会有所改善，而是进行了一些个人研究，看看能得到什么样的帮助。A. In spite of尽管；B. Regardless of不管；C. In terms of就……而言；D. Instead of而不是。根据下文“Carolyn’s mother carried out a bit of personal research to find out what sort of help was available.”可知，妈妈没有坐视不管，而是去研究以得到帮助。故选D。 5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她发现卡罗琳的学校有一个特殊的减压课，被称为“快乐课堂”，她坚持让卡罗琳参加。A. insisted坚持；B. wondered想知道；C. doubted怀疑；D. showed展示。根据上文“She discovered that there was a special stress-reduction class at Carolyn’s school, known as “Happy Class”,”可知，妈妈发现了帮助减压的课，坚持让卡罗琳参加。故选A。 6．考查副词词义辨析。句意：卡罗琳说：“我记得我生气地爬进车里，静静地坐着，妈妈开车送我去上第一节快乐课。”A. willingly愿意地；B. angrily生气地；C. oddly奇怪地；D. gratefully感激地。根据上文“Carolyn screamed, “I’m fine, just leave me alone!””可知，卡罗琳不想去上课，推测此时卡罗琳生气地爬进车里。故选B。 7．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我感到很尴尬，希望没有人路过教室时看到我。A. excited兴奋的；B. surprised惊讶的；C. awkward尴尬的；D. confident自信的。根据下文“hoping no one would see me when they walked by the classroom.”可知，卡罗琳不希望别人看到自己，推测卡罗琳感到尴尬。故选C。 8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我开始不再想走廊里的人。A. consider考虑；B. dislike不喜欢；C. advise建议；D. quit停止。根据下文“I felt really relaxed and focused on that moment in time.”可知，卡罗琳开始放松，专注于当下，所以不再想走廊里的人。quit doing sth.表示“停止做某事”。故选D。 9．考查动词短语辨析。句意：这是一种她喜欢的感觉，她知道自己会从这些课程中受益。A. listen to听；B. benefit from从……中受益；C. depend on依靠；D. persist in坚持。根据上文“This was a feeling she liked”可知，她喜欢这种感觉，所以知道自己会从中受益。故选B。 10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她开始探索更深层次的生活问题，定义什么能给她带来幸福和满足感。A. denying否认；B. needing需要；C. predicting预测；D. defining定义。根据下文“what gave her feelings of happiness and fulfillment.”可知，她定义什么能带来幸福和满足感。故选D。 11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她还学会了接受真实的自己，而不是努力达到别人对成功的看法。A. push推动；B. feel感觉；C. accept接受；D. thank感谢。根据下文“instead of striving to live up to other people’s ideas of success.”可知，她学会接受真实的自己。故选C。 12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她的许多朋友和家人都希望她能考上哈佛或其他顶尖大学，但卡罗琳却创造了自己版本的幸福。A. version版本；B. hope希望；C. study研究；D. wave波浪。根据下文“She stopped ____13____ , organized her time better so she was able to relax and do things she enjoyed, and tried to eat more healthily. She realized that she could achieve happiness close to home, rather than by going to a top university.”以及语境可知，别人希望她上顶尖大学，而她有自己的幸福版本。故选A。 13．考查动词短语辨析。句意：她不再熬夜，更好地安排时间，这样她就能放松，做自己喜欢的事情，并尝试吃得更健康。A. turning up出现；B. living up不辜负；C. staying up熬夜；D. taking up占据。根据上文“But when you don’t get enough sleep, you get so tired and depressed!”以及下文“organized her time better so she was able to relax and do things she enjoyed”可知，她更好地安排时间，不再熬夜。故选C。 14．考查介词短语辨析。句意：事实上，卡罗琳决定成为一名护士，只申请一所大学——开车20分钟就能到。A. In fact事实上；B. By contrast相比之下；C. On the whole总体上；D. To the end到最后。根据下文“Carolyn decided to become a nurse and to apply to just one college — a 20-minute drive away.”可知，这是事实情况，所以空处应用in fact，表示“事实上”。故选A。 15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我不想被顶尖大学诱惑，即使我获得了奖学金。A. refused拒绝；B. injured受伤；C. discovered发现；D. tempted诱惑。根据下文“even if I received a scholarship. I wanted to remain true to the goals I set for myself.”可知，此处表示她不想被顶尖大学诱惑。故选D。 Passage 2 （23-24高二下·上海·期中）UK safety advisers have dismissed concerns that highly processed food, also known as ultra-processed food(UPF), is automatically unhealthy because of the way it is made or its artificial ingredients. The current way that the UK and most other countries 1 the nutritional value of foods—which is generally by how much fat, salt, sugar and calories they contain— remains the best approach to achieving a healthy diet, said a team of scientists. They also 2 that people who cut out all ultra-processed foods could make their diets more unhealthy, for instance, if they avoid foods such as yogurts, low-fat spreads, wholemeal bread and food made of grains.“We need to be driven by the 3 and not have this knee-jerk reaction that treats all UPF the same,”said Robin May, chief scientific adviser at the UK’s Food Standards Agency. 4 about processed foods have been growing, but it is unclear if there is something uniquely bad about them or if they just tend to be higher in things like fat and sugar. The issue has 5 this year since Chris vanTulleken, a doctor and TV presenter, published a book called Ultra-Processed People: Why do we all eat stuff that isn’t food... and why can’t we stop? Chris van Tulleken has called for more countries to adopt dietary guidelines pioneered in Brazil, where people are 6 to prioritise eating whole foods and homemade meals, and avoid eating factory-made foods. On 27 September, researchers from nutrition organisations 7 the proposed system. “We 8 need foods to be processed so that we can feed the world,”said May at the University of Leeds, UK, who is a member of the British Nutrition Foundation. May also said UPF 9 products that are both healthy and unhealthy. “It’s important we don’t throw the baby out with the bathwater here. There are many components that have a very important role to play in 10 and in safety,” he said. Benefits of food processing include the use of preservatives that make food last longest and artificial sweeteners that help people 11 their sugar intake, said May. Other examples of processed foods that can be 12 include baby food, infant formula milk and breads with added vitamins and minerals, said the panel. But Van Tulleken says that the evidence 13 UPF is strong. “There is an increasing amount of science describing the many ways in which UPF affects the human body,” he says. “The 14 of the food structure by industrial processing means that UPF is, in general, soft. This means you eat it fast, which means you eat far more calories per minute and don’t feel 15 until long after you’ve finished. 1．A．analyze B．assess C．confirm D．estimate 2．A．complained B．suspected C．warned D．threatened 3．A．authority B．expert C．experiment D．science 4．A．Concerns B．Challenges C．Questions D．Issues 5．A．come into being B．come into focus C．sprung up D．made sense 6．A．advised B．discouraged C．required D．forbidden 7．A．justified B．approved C．supported D．rejected 8．A．absolutely B．occasionally C．typically D．primarily 9．A．accepts B．excludes C．includes D．conclude 10．A．popularity B．nutrition C．use D．production 11．A．reduce B．increase C．balance D．calculate 12．A．essential B．beneficial C．influential D．artificial 13．A．for B．beyond C．against D．from 14．A．evolution B．transformation C．construction D．destruction 15．A．full B．satisfied C．refreshed D．delighted 【答案】 1．B 2．C 3．D 4．A 5．B 6．A 7．D 8．A 9．C 10．B 11．A 12．B 13．C 14．D 15．A 【导语】本文为一篇说明文，专家指出超加工食品不总是不健康的，研究人员指出超加工食品既有优点又有缺点，人们应该理性看待。 1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一组科学家说，目前英国和大多数其他国家评估食物营养价值的方法——通常是根据它们含有多少脂肪、盐、糖和卡路里——仍然是实现健康饮食的最佳方法。A. analyze分析；B. assess评估；C. confirm证实；D. estimate估计。根据“which is generally by how much fat, salt, sugar and calories they contain”可知，这是大多数国家评估食物营养价值的方法。故选B项。 2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们还警告说，不吃所有超加工食品的人可能会使他们的饮食更不健康，例如，如果他们不吃酸奶、低脂酱、全麦面包和谷物制成的食物。A. complained抱怨；B. suspected怀疑；C. warned警告；D. threatened威胁。根据“that people who cut out all ultra-processed foods could make their diets more unhealthy”可知，科学家们还警告说，如果不吃所有的加工食品会导致饮食不健康。故选C项。 3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：英国食品标准局(Food Standards Agency)首席科学顾问罗宾•梅(Robin May)表示：“我们需要以科学为导向，而不是下意识地把所有超加工食品都一视同仁。”A. authority权威；B. expert专家；C. experiment实验；D. science科学。根据“not have this knee-jerk reaction that treats all UPF the same”可知，梅表示，我们不能一刀切，要根据科学判断食物的营养价值。故选D项。 4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：人们对加工食品的担忧一直在增加，但目前还不清楚它们是否有什么独特的坏处，还是它们只是脂肪和糖等物质含量更高。A. Concerns担忧；B. Challenges挑战；C. Questions问题；D. Issues议题。根据“about processed foods have been growing”可知，人们对于加工食物的担忧一直在增加。故选A项。 5．考查动词短语辨析。句意：自从医生兼电视节目主持人克里斯·范·图勒肯出版了一本名为《超加工人群:为什么我们都吃不是食物的东西……》的书以来，这个问题今年成为了人们关注的焦点：为什么我们不能停止？A. come into being产生；B. come into focus变得清晰，成为关注；C. sprung up大量涌现；D. made sense有意义。根据前文“___4___about processed foods have been growing”可知，对于加工食品的关注一直在增长。故选B项。 6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：克里斯·范·图勒肯呼吁更多国家采用巴西首创的饮食指南，建议人们优先食用天然食物和自制食物，避免食用工厂生产的食品。A. advised建议；B. discouraged使泄气；C. required需要，要求；D. forbidden禁止。根据“to prioritise eating whole foods and homemade meals, and avoid eating factory-made foods”及“adopt dietary guidelines pioneered in Brazil”可知，在巴西，人们被建议优先食用天然食物和自制食物，避免食用工厂生产的食品。故选A项。 7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：9月27日，营养组织的研究人员拒绝了这一提议。A. justified证明…正确，为……辩护；B. approved赞同；C. supported支持；D. rejected拒绝。根据“We___8___need foods to be processed so that we can feed the world”可知，研究人员拒绝了上文提到了只食用天然食物的提议。故选D项。 8．考查副词词义辨析。句意：英国营养基金会成员、英国利兹大学的梅说：“我们绝对需要加工食品，这样我们才能养活世界。”A. absolutely完全地，绝对地；B. occasionally偶然；C. typically典型地，通常；D. primarily主要地。根据“so that we can feed the world”可知，加工食品是绝对需要的，很多人需要吃它。故选A项。 9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：梅还说，超加工食品包括健康和不健康的产品。A. accepts接受；B. excludes排除；C. includes包括；D. conclude断定。根据“products that are both healthy and unhealthy”可知，超加工食品也包含健康和不健康两种食物。故选C项。 10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：“重要的是，我们不能把婴儿连同洗澡水一起倒掉。有许多成分在营养和安全方面发挥着非常重要的作用，”他说。A. popularity流行；B. nutrition营养；C. use使用；D. production生产。根据“There are many components that have a very important role to play in ___10___ and in safety”可推知，超加工食物的成分有一些也是营养性很高的。故选B项。 11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：梅说，食品加工的好处包括使用防腐剂，使食物保存得更久，使用人工甜味剂，帮助人们减少糖的摄入量。A. reduce减少；B. increase增加；C. balance平衡；D. calculate计算。根据“artificial sweeteners that help people___11___their sugar intake”可知，加工食物中的甜味剂能减少人们对于糖的摄入。故选A项。 12．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：该小组表示，其他有益的加工食品包括婴儿食品、婴儿配方奶粉和添加维生素和矿物质的面包。A. essential必要的；B. beneficial有益的；C. influential有影响的；D. artificial人工的。根据“baby food, infant formula milk and breads with added vitamins and minerals”可知，这些是有益的超加工食物的例子。故选B项。 13．考查介词词义辨析。句意：但范·图勒肯表示，反对超加工食品的证据很充分。A. for赞同；B. beyond超越；C. against靠着，反对；D. from来自。根据后文“There is an increasing amount of science describing the many ways in which UPF affects the human body”可知，有很多反对超加工食品的证据。选项C项。 14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：工业加工对食品结构的破坏意味着超加工食品通常是软的。A. evolution进化；B. transformation变化；C. construction建设；D. destruction摧毁，破坏。根据“by industrial processing”可知，工业加工会破坏食物原本结构。故选D项。 15．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这意味着你吃得很快，这意味着你每分钟摄入更多的卡路里，直到你吃完很久才觉得饱。A. full饱的；B. satisfied满足的；C. refreshed恢复精神的；D. delighted高兴的。根据“means that UPF is, in general, soft”及“until long after you’ve finished”可知，由于加工食物很软，所以会吃较快，当全部吃完后，才会有饱腹感。故选A项。 Passage 3 （23-24高二下·上海·期中）Italy’s one-euro-home sales have been attracting a lot of interest over the past few years. Some towns like Mussomeli in Sicily and Zungoli in Campania have managed to 1 abandoned properties to foreigners pursuing the Italian dream. However, some have 2 to sell their empty homes. Among them is Patrica, a remote village of barely 3,000 residents located south of Rome, where more than 40 properties deserted in the early 1900s have been left 3 . In an attempt to breathe new life into the dying village, the town’s mayor Lucio Fiordaliso has been trying to 4 the success of other Italian villages who’ve put their empty homes up for sale for one euro, or just over a dollar. “The process is not 5 . We first mapped out all abandoned houses and contacted the original owners to ask for permission. Only then can we place these properties up for sale with their 6 , which makes the process very complicated.” However, the permission from one owner of the house sometimes is not enough for the sale of potential one euro homes. That is because most relatives sharing the same property often 7 one another for personal reasons or some hardly speak or know each other. Another reason that the one euro plan never really started in Patrica could be due to the 8 of its homes. Some of the houses are simply too neglected to sell, even if the owners were willing to agree to it. 9 , Patric a local Gianni Valleco and his two brothers decided to place their parents’ abandoned home on the market to see what would happen. But they soon disappointedly found that the house was far from 10 . In the meantime, Fiordalis o has been coming up with new ways to 11 newcomers. He prompted several locals to entirely restyle their old family homes and put them to use after decades of neglect. “The mayor’s move finally gave us a good excuse to fully restore the property which had been sitting there 12 ,” says the locals. The mayor also decided to start operating some commercial activities like an B&B or a restaurant or a shopping center. “There is 13 , but then when many foreigners actually see the bad shape of the old homes they’d prefer to opt for turn-key apartments that are already restyled or in need of just 14 fixes,” says Fiordaliso. “So it’s much more convenient to buy one of these newer ones than 15 an old building in need of major reconstruction, where the final cost would end up being much higher.” Despite these challenges, Fiordalis o hasn’t given up on selling the town’s long forgotten homes. 1．A．assign B．restrict C．shift D．return 2．A．forgot B．emerged C．continued D．struggled 3．A．shaking B．shining C．decayed D．burnt 4．A．catch up with I B．make fun of C．pay attention to D．take pride in 5．A．optional B．rigid C．simple D．special 6．A．initiative B．budget C．approval D．determination 7．A．disagree with B．negotiate with C．text to D．cooperate with 8．A．location B．condition C．exhibition D．ownership 9．A．For example B．By contrast C．In fact D．On the contrary 10．A．sufficient B．desirable C．spacious D．enough 11．A．appeal to B．back up C．hold back D．count on 12．A．independently B．uselessly C．permanently D．purposefully 13．A．claim B．coverage C．audience D．interest 14．A．minor B．temporary C．urgent D．costly 15．A．build B．furnish C．rent D．grab 【答案】 1．C 2．D 3．C 4．A 5．C 6．C 7．A 8．B 9．A 10．B 11．A 12．B 13．D 14．A 15．D 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。在过去的几年里，意大利的一欧元房屋销售吸引了很多人的兴趣。短文介绍了一欧元房屋销售计划难以贯彻执行的原因。 1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：西西里岛的Mussomeli和坎帕尼亚的Zungoli等城镇已经成功地将废弃的房产转移给了追求意大利梦的外国人。A. assign 分派；B. restrict限制；C. shift（使）转移；D. return归还 。根据下文“sell their empty homes”可知，西西里岛的Mussomeli和坎帕尼亚的Zungoli等城镇已经成功地将废弃的房产转移给了追求意大利梦的外国人。故选C项。 2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，一些人很难卖掉他们的空房子。A. forgot忘记；B. emerged出现；C. continued继续；D. struggled努力，挣扎。根据上文However以及下文叙述了房子难卖的原因。可知，一些人很难卖掉他们的空房子。故选D项。 3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：帕特里卡就是其中之一，这是一个位于罗马南部的偏远村庄，只有不到3000名居民，那里有40多处20世纪初被遗弃的房产已经破败不堪。A. shaking晃动；B. shining发光；C. decayed（建筑、地方等）破败；D. burnt燃烧。根据上文“more than 40 properties deserted in the early 1900s”可知，40多处20世纪初被遗弃的房产已经破败不堪。故选C项。 4．考查动词短语辨析。句意：为了给这个垂死的村庄注入新的活力，该镇的镇长卢西奥·费奥达里索一直在努力模仿其他意大利村庄的成功，这些村庄把空置的房屋以1欧元(约合1美元多一点)的价格出售。A. catch up with赶上，模仿；B. make fun of取笑；C. pay attention to注意；D. take pride in以…为自豪。根据上文“In an attempt to breathe new life into the dying village”以及下文“the success of other Italian villages who’ve put their empty homes up for sale for one euro, or just over a dollar.”可知，该镇的镇长卢西奥·费奥达里索一直在努力模仿其他意大利村庄的成功。故选A项。 5．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这个过程并不简单。A. optional 可选择的；B. rigid僵化的；C. simple简单的；D. special特别的。根据下文“complicated”可知，过程并不简单。故选C项。 6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：只有这样，我们才能在他们同意的情况下出售这些房产，这使得整个过程变得非常复杂。 A. initiative措施，倡议；B. budget预算；C. approval同意，批准；D. determination决定。根据下文“the permission”可知，在他们同意的情况下出售这些房产。故选C项。 7．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：这是因为大多数共享同一财产的亲戚经常因为个人原因而意见不一，或者有些人几乎不说话或彼此不认识。A. disagree with不同意；B. negotiate with 协商；C. text to发短信；D. cooperate with合作。根据下文“for personal reasons or some hardly speak or know each other.”可知，他们意见不一。故选A项。 8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：一个欧元计划从未在西班牙真正启动的另一个原因可能是由于其家庭状况。 A. location位置；B. condition条件。状况；C. exhibition展览；D. ownership所有权。根据下文“Some of the houses are simply too neglected to sell, even if the owners were willing to agree to it.”可知，另一个原因可能是由于其家庭状况。故选B项。 9．考查介词短语辨析。句意：例如，当地的帕特里克和他的两个兄弟决定把他们父母被遗弃的房子放在市场上，看看会发生什么。A. For example例如；B. By contrast对比；C. In fact事实上；D. On the contrary相反。根据下文可知，这是在举例。故选A项。 10．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但他们很快就失望地发现这所房子一点也不令人满意。 A. sufficient足够的；B. desirable可取的；向往的，称心如意的；C. spacious宽敞的；D. enough足够的。根据上文“But they soon disappointedly found”可知，房子一点也不令人满意。故选B项。 11．考查动词短语辨析。句意：与此同时，Fiordalis一直在想出新的方法来吸引新来者。A. appeal to吸引；B. back up支持；C. hold back 阻止；D. count on依靠。根据上文“coming up with new ways”可知，想出新的方法来吸引新来者。故选A项。 12．考查副词词义辨析。句意：市长的举动终于给了我们一个很好的借口，让我们完全恢复了闲置在那里的财产。A. independently独立地；B. uselessly无用处地，闲置地； C. permanently永久地；D. purposefully有目的地。根据上文“where more than 40 properties deserted in the early 1900s have been left  ____3____ .”可知，指闲置在那里的财产。故选B项。 13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：有人对此感兴趣，但当许多外国人真正看到旧房子的糟糕状况时，他们更愿意选择已经重新装修或只需要小维修的交钥匙公寓。A. claim 声称，断言；B. coverage新闻报道；C. audience观众；D. interest兴趣。根据上文“a lot of interest”可知，有人对此感兴趣。故选D项。 14．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：有人对此感兴趣，但当许多外国人真正看到旧房子的糟糕状况时，他们更愿意选择已经重新装修或只需要小维修的交钥匙公寓。A. minor 较小的，次要的；B. temporary暂时的；C. urgent紧急的；D. costly 昂贵的。根据上文“they’d prefer to opt for turn-key apartments that are already restyled”可知，他们更愿意选择已经重新装修或只需要小维修的交钥匙公寓。故选A项。 15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：因此，购买这些新建筑比获取需要大规模重建的旧建筑要方便得多，因为最终成本会高得多。A. build建造；B. furnish提供，供应；C. rent租；D. grab攫取，抓住，获取。根据上文“to buy”可知，购买这些新建筑比获取需要大规模重建的旧建筑要方便得多。故选D项。 话题2 做人与做事 Passage 1 （24-25高二下·上海·期中）Real Life, Great Stories With any kind of writing, it can be difficult to decide what should go in and what should be left out. However, when you are telling stories from real life — creative 1 — that task becomes even harder because your source material is vast and complicated. Having decided the story you want to tell, it’s all too 2 to drift from the narrative path or to slow the pace by adding too much detail and description, so that you risk losing the reader. 3 , when it comes to redrafting, you may have to be particularly brutal (直截了当的) in killing your darlings. “Killing your darlings” means cutting any 4 material, from words and sentences to complete scenes, and it’s hard because these will often be parts you have put great time, thought and care into crafting. Arthur Quiller-Couch 5 the phrase in his 1916 book On the Art of Writing: If you here require a practical 6 of me, I will present you with this: “Whenever you feel an impulse to perpetrate (作) a piece of exceptionally fine writing, obey your impulse — whole-heartedly — and 7 it before sending your manuscript to press. Murder your darlings.” It helps if you come to redrafting with a 8 mindset, regarding it as an ongoing part of the creative process rather than a red-pen exercise. The other thing that helps is if you always save a copy of your current version before you start polishing it, then nothing is irrevocably (无法改变地) lost, and that frees you to 9 big changes in the creative spirit of play. With any kind of story, there are always 10 issues that need redrafting, because when you set out you don’t know exactly what the story will be. Fresh ideas come in along the way, and unexpected possibilities. As well as tightening the plot, sometimes a(n) 11 will emerge through the writing, so you gradually understand, ‘Ah — so this is what I’m writing about,’ and you will want to foreground that theme and cut parts that don’t 12 its development. When it comes to the 13 , the voice of the story develops and becomes stronger through the writing too, so on redrafting you will be looking at word and sentence level changes, especially in the early chapters. At the redrafting stage, you will have whole scenes that don’t develop the themes or don’t fit with voice of your story. You might be able to 14 them into a new book project or publish them on blogging platforms, but whatever happens to them, they have contributed to your experience and development as a writer. Let 15 go. 1．A．thinking B．sci-fi C．draft D．non-fiction 2．A．easy B．complicated C．appropriate D．late 3．A．For these reasons B．In spite of that C．By contrast D．For example 4．A．beloved B．delicate C．irrelevant D．offensive 5．A．simplified B．coined C．abandoned D．trialed 6．A．phrase B．sample C．lifestyle D．rule 7．A．revise B．conduct C．delete D．expose 8．A．contradictory B．neutral C．rebellious D．positive 9．A．experiment with B．substitute for C．impose on D．conflict with 10．A．unceasing B．structural C．literate D．grammatical 11．A．peak B．theme C．motivation. D．issue 12．A．contribute to B．result from C．dispose of D．slow down 13．A．literary fame B．text structure C．fine detail D．book review 14．A．reverse B．recycle C．ease D．divide 15．A．yourself B．him C．everything D．them 【答案】 1．D 2．A 3．A 4．C 5．B 6．D 7．C 8．D 9．A 10．B 11．B 12．A 13．C 14．B 15．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了在创作基于现实生活的故事时，决定故事内容和重写故事的相关要点，包括避免偏离叙事路径、删减无关内容、以积极心态重写、处理结构问题、突出主题以及舍弃不适合的部分等。 1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，当你讲述来自现实生活的故事——创造性的非虚构作品时——这项任务变得更加困难，因为你的素材广阔而复杂。A. thinking思考；B. sci-fi科幻小说；C. draft草稿；D. non-fiction非虚构作品。根据上文“telling stories from real life”可知，上文提到了讲述的是基于现实生活的故事，也就是非虚构作品，故选D项。 2．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当你决定了你想讲述的故事后，很容易偏离叙事路径，或者通过添加过多的细节和描述来放慢节奏，这样你就有可能失去读者。A. easy容易的；B. complicated复杂的；C. appropriate合适的；D. late晚的。根据下文“drift from the narrative path or to slow the pace by adding too much detail and description, so that you risk losing the reader”可知，添加过多细节和描述导致可能失去读者，说明偏离叙事路径是很容易发生的，故选A项。 3．考查介词短语辨析。句意：出于这些原因，当涉及到重写时，你可能不得不直截了当地删掉你心爱的内容。A. For these reasons出于这些原因；B. In spite of that尽管那样；C. By contrast相比之下；D. For example例如。根据上文“it’s all too… to drift from the narrative path or to slow the pace by adding too much detail and description, so that you risk losing the reader”以及下文“when it comes to redrafting, you may have to be particularly brutal (直截了当的) in killing your darlings”可知，上文说的是添加过多细节和描述导致可能失去读者，下文说的是当涉及到重写时，你可能不得不直截了当地删掉你心爱的内容，上下文之间为因果关系，上文为原因，下文为结果，故选A项。 4．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“杀掉你心爱的内容”意味着删除任何无关的素材，从单词和句子到完整的场景，这很难，因为这些往往是你投入了大量时间、思考和精力去构思的部分。A. beloved心爱的；B. delicate精致的；C. irrelevant无关的；D. offensive冒犯的。根据下文“from words and sentences to complete scenes, and it’s hard because these will often be parts you have put great time, thought and care into crafting”可知，下文提到了从单词和句子到完整的场景，还提到了做这件事很难，因为这些往往是你投入了大量时间、思考和精力去构思的部分，可推理出这里说的是删除与故事无关的内容，故选C项。 5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：亚瑟・奎勒 - 库奇在他1916年的《写作的艺术》一书中创造了这个短语：如果你在这里需要我给出一个实用的规则，我会告诉你这个：“每当你有冲动创作出一段特别精彩的文字时，全心全意地听从你的冲动 —— 并且在将手稿付印之前删掉它。杀掉你心爱的内容。”A. simplified简化；B. coined创造；C. abandoned放弃；D. trialed试验。根据下文“the phrase”以及“in his 1916 book On the Art of Writing”可知，下文提到了短语，还提到了1916年的《写作的艺术》这本书，可推理出此处说的是亚瑟・奎勒 - 库奇在他1916年的《写作的艺术》一书中创造了这个短语，故选B项。 6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：同第5题。A. phrase短语；B. sample样本；C. lifestyle生活方式；D. rule规则。根据“Whenever you feel an impulse to perpetrate (作) a piece of exceptionally fine writing, obey your impulse — whole-heartedly — and...it before sending your manuscript to press. Murder your darlings.”可知，这是亚瑟・奎勒 - 库奇给出的一个实用的规则，故选D项。 7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：同第5题。A. revise修改；B. conduct实施；C. delete删除；D. expose暴露。根据上文“‘Killing your darlings’ means cutting any…material”以及“before sending your manuscript to press. Murder your darlings”可知，上文提到了“Killing your darlings”的意思是删掉材料，下文说的是在把手稿送印之前，而且又一次提到了“Killing your darlings”，可推理出这里说的是在付印之前删掉一些内容，故选C项。 8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果你以积极的心态进行重写，把它看作是创作过程中持续的一部分，而不是一次用红笔批改的练习，这会很有帮助。A. contradictory矛盾的；B. neutral中立的；C. rebellious叛逆的；D. positive积极的。根据“regarding it as an ongoing part of the creative process rather than a red-pen exercise”可知，把重写看作创作过程的一部分，这种心态是积极的，故选D项。 9．考查动词短语辨析。句意：另一件有帮助的事情是，在你开始润色之前，总是保存一份当前版本的副本，这样就没有什么会不可挽回地丢失，这让你能够以创作的精神尝试重大改变。A. experiment with尝试；B. substitute for代替；C. impose on强加于；D. conflict with与……冲突。根据下文“big changes in the creative spirit of play”可知，下文提到了重大改变，还提到了以创作的精神，可推理出此处说的是保存副本后可以自由地尝试一些重大改变，故选A项。 10．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对于任何一种故事，总是存在结构问题需要重写，因为当你开始时，你并不确切知道这个故事将会是什么样的。A. unceasing不断的；B. structural结构的；C. literate有读写能力的；D. grammatical语法的。根据“because when you set out you don’t know exactly what the story will be. Fresh ideas come in along the way, and unexpected possibilities”可知，开始时不确定故事内容，过程中有新想法和可能性，所以会存在结构问题需要重写，故选B项。 11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：除了收紧情节外，有时在写作过程中会出现一个主题，所以你会逐渐明白，“啊——所以这就是我正在写的内容”，并且你会想要突出这个主题，删掉那些对其发展没有贡献的部分。A. peak顶峰；B. theme主题；C. motivation动机；D. issue问题。根据下文“so you gradually understand, ‘Ah — so this is what I’m writing about,’ and you will want to foreground that theme”可知，下文提到了你在写作过程中会逐渐发现你真正想要写的东西，且想要突出这个主题，可推理出此处说的是有时在写作过程中会出现一个主题，故选B项。 12．考查动词短语辨析。句意：同第11题。A. contribute to有助于；B. result from由……引起；C. dispose of处理；D. slow down放慢速度。根据上文“cut parts”以及下文“its development”可知，上文说的是删除部分，下文说的是主体发展，可推理出此处说的是要删掉对主题发展没有帮助的部分，故选A项。 13．考查名词短语辨析。句意：当涉及到细节时，故事的风格也会在写作过程中发展并变得更强，所以在重写时，你会关注单词和句子层面的变化，尤其是在早期章节中。A. literary fame文学声誉；B. text structure文本结构；C. fine detail细节；D. book review书评。根据下文“you will be looking at word and sentence level changes, especially in the early chapters”可知，下文说的是你会关注单词和句子层面的变化，尤其是在早期章节中，可推理出这里说的是关注单词和句子层面的变化，也就是细节方面，故选C项。 14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：你也许能够将它们回收利用到一个新的书籍项目中，或者在博客平台上发表它们，但无论它们的命运如何，它们都为你作为一名作家的经验和发展做出了贡献。A. reverse颠倒；B. recycle回收利用；C. ease减轻；D. divide划分。根据上文“At the redrafting stage, you will have whole scenes that don’t develop the themes or don’t fit with voice of your story”以及下文“into a new book project or publish them on blogging platforms”可知，上文说的是在重写阶段，你会有一些完整的场景，这些场景既无法推动主题发展，也与你故事的风格不相符，下文说的是新的书籍项目中，或者在博客平台上发表它们，可推理出此处说的是你也许能够将它们回收利用到一个新的书籍项目中，或者在博客平台上发表它们，故选B项。 15．考查代词词义辨析。句意：让它们去吧。A. yourself你自己；B. him他；C. everything一切；D. them它们。根据上文“At the redrafting stage, you will have whole scenes that don’t develop the themes or don’t fit with voice of your story”可知，上文说的是在重写阶段，你会有一些完整的场景，这些场景既无法推动主题发展，也与你故事的风格不相符。再根据上文“but whatever happens to them, they have contributed to your experience and development as a writer.”可知，上文提到无论他们遭遇了什么，他们都为你的写作经验积累和个人发展做出了贡献，可推理出这里说的是让那些既无法推动主题发展，也与你故事的风格不相符的场景过去，故选D项。 Passage 2 （23-24高二下·上海·期中）Studies have shown that when people’s mental health improves, they’re more likely to 1 in their relationships and careers — and adopt healthier habits. People become more productive, find meaning in everyday experiences and are more equipped to cope with changes and obstacles when they feel mentally well. Here are four New Year’s resolutions experts expect people to make 2 mental health. Rethink your social media use Reflect on whether you’d like to continue with the same online habits in 2024, says Nedra Glover Tawwab, a therapist. “Do you want to set some 3 for yourself? Are there people you need to 4 ?” “For example, you might limit yourself to 15 minutes on social media per day, delete the most 5 apps from your phone during the workweek, or challenge yourself not to check social media when you’re feeling gloomy. Reconnect with a long-lost friend “Make new friends, but keep the old” is an adage (格言) for a reason. Loneliness affects physical and mental health while 6 social bonds are a slave. Resolve to reach out to “one person you lost touch with who used to be 7 to you,” Winch says. He recommends opening with a text like this: “I was thinking about you. It’s been so long. How are you?” 8 the message with a smiley face, he adds. “That’s important because when you say, ‘It’s been so long’, it can sound accusing.” A smiley face, Winch says, can ensure the 9 meaning — “I miss you” — comes across. Plan four activities each week The “core four” help guard against life’s stressors. First, do something 10 , like attending a football game or belting out a Taylor Swift album. Having fun “ 11 the stress by helping you accumulate more positive events than negative ones,” says Calvin Fitch, a clinical health psychologist. Then check off a “mastery activity”, like cleaning or running errands. Also important are being 12 — a sense of belonging facilitates better health — and doing physical activities that get your heart rate going. Do something to relieve climate anxiety If you’re 13 about the state of the planet — and more of us are — worrying won’t help. Instead, take a cue from Winch’s family: each year, they decide to do one thing to 14 their climate anxiety, like eliminating plastic bags, composting food scraps, or walking 15 minutes to nearby destinations instead of driving. “It’s overwhelming — I feel like I can’t get my arms around it,” he says. “But doing one small thing is a way of feeling like you’re 15 your goal.” 1．A．compete B．quit C．recall D．thrive 2．A．in memory of B．in the name of C．with the aid of D．with the exception of 3．A．boundaries B．standards C．records D．examples 4．A．uncover B．unlock C．unfollow D．unlike 5．A．time-consuming B．time-saving C．time-honored D．time-starved 6．A．deep B．new C．private D．safe 7．A．dear B．indifferent C．rare D．strange 8．A．Decorate B．End C．Lengthen D．Start 9．A．moral B．literature C．real D．empathetic 10．A．comfortable B．efficient C．pleasurable D．unusual 11．A．decreases B．enhances C．extends D．supplies 12．A．energetic B．healthy C．responsible D．social 13．A．ambitious B．cautious C．confident D．distressed 14．A．conceal B．ease C．measure D．track 15．A．emphasizing B．defeating C．underestimating D．approaching 【答案】 1．D 2．B 3．A 4．C 5．A 6．A 7．A 8．B 9．C 10．C 11．A 12．D 13．D 14．B 15．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了研究表明，当人们的心理健康得到改善时，他们更有可能在人际关系和职业生涯中茁壮成长，并养成更健康的习惯。人们变得更有效率，在日常经历中找到意义，当他们精神状态良好时，他们更有能力应对变化和障碍。以下是专家希望人们以心理健康的名义许下的四个新年决心。 1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：研究表明，当人们的心理健康得到改善时，他们更有可能在人际关系和职业生涯中茁壮成长，并养成更健康的习惯。A. compete竞争；B. quit放弃；C. recall回忆；D. thrive茁壮成长。根据上文“when people’s mental health improves”提到心理健康得到改善，以及下文“and adopt healthier habits.”养成更健康的习惯，由此可知，此处应表示他们更有可能在人际关系和职业生涯中茁壮成长。故选D项。 2．考查介词短语辨析。句意：以下是专家希望人们以心理健康的名义许下的四个新年决心。A. in memory of为了纪念；B. in the name of以……的名义；C. with the aid of在……的帮助下；D. with the exception of除了……之外。根据上文“experts expect people to make”以及下文“mental health”可知，此处应表示专家希望人们以心理健康的名义许下的四个新年决心。故选B项。 3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：你想为自己设定一些界限吗？A. boundaries界限；B. standards标准；C. records记录；D. examples例子。根据下文“For example, you might limit yourself to 15 minutes on social media per day…”提到给自己设置限制，由此可知，此处应表示你想为自己设定一些界限吗？故选A项。 4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：有没有你需要取消关注的人？A. uncover揭开；B. unlock解锁；C. unfollow取消关注；D. unlike不喜欢。根据上文提到的为自己设定一些界限，以及下文“delete the most ____5____ apps from your phone during the workweek, or challenge yourself not to check social media when you’re feeling gloomy.”可知，此处指的是需要取消关注的人。故选C项。 5．考查形容词短语辨析。句意：例如，你可以限制自己每天花15分钟在社交媒体上，在工作日删除手机上最耗时的应用程序，或者在你感到沮丧的时候挑战自己不要去看社交媒体。A. time-consuming耗时的；B. time-saving节省时间的；C. time-honored历史悠久的；D. time-starved时间紧迫的。根据上文“you might limit yourself to 15 minutes on social media per day”提到限制自己每天花15分钟在社交媒体上，由此可知，此处应表示在工作日删除手机上最耗时的应用程序。故选A项。 6．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：孤独影响身体和心理健康，而深厚的社会关系是奴隶。A. deep深深的；B. new新的；C. private私人的；D. safe安全的。根据句意以及“social bonds are a slave”可知，此处应表示孤独影响身体和心理健康，而深厚的社会关系是奴隶。故选A项。 7．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：温奇说，下定决心去联系“一个你失去联系但曾经对你很重要的人”。A. dear重要的，珍视的；B. indifferent漠不关心的；C. rare稀少的；D. strange奇怪的。根据下文“He recommends opening with a text like this: “I was thinking about you.”提到表达自己的想念，由此可知，此处指的是一个你失去联系但曾经对你很重要的人。故选A项。 8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他补充道，在邮件的结尾加上一个笑脸。A. Decorate装饰；B. End结束；C. Lengthen延长；D. Start开始。根据句意以及下文“…the message with a smiley face”可知，此处应表示在邮件的结尾加上一个笑脸。故选B项。 9．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一个笑脸，温奇说，可以确保真正的意思——“我想你”——被理解。A. moral道德的；B. literature文学的；C. real真实的；D. empathetic同感的。根据句意以及下文““I miss you” — comes across.”由此可知，此处应表示一个笑脸可以确保真正的意思——“我想你”——被理解。故选C项。 10．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：首先，做一些令人愉快的事情，比如参加一场足球比赛，或者大声播放泰勒·斯威夫特的专辑。A. comfortable舒服的；B. efficient足够的；C. pleasurable令人愉快的；D. unusual不寻常的。根据下文“like attending a football game or belting out a Taylor Swift album.”可知，此处指参加一场足球比赛和播放泰勒·斯威夫特的专辑，由此可知，这些都是令人愉快的事情。故选C项。 11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：临床健康心理学家卡尔文·费奇说，玩乐“通过帮助你积累更多的积极事件而不是消极事件来减轻压力”。A. decreases减轻；B. enhances增强；C. extends扩展；D. supplies提供。根据上下文语境以及下文“…the stress by helping you accumulate more positive events than negative ones”可知，此处应表示通过帮助你积累更多的积极事件而不是消极事件来减轻压力。故选A项。 12．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同样重要的是社交——归属感有助于更好的健康——以及做一些能让你的心率正常跳动的体育活动。A. energetic精力充沛的；B. healthy健康的；C. responsible负责的；D. social社交的。根据下文“a sense of belonging facilitates better health”提到归属感有助于更好的健康，可知，此处讲的是关于社交的话题。故选D项。 13．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果你对地球的状况感到苦恼——我们中的大多数人都是这样——担心是没有用的。A. ambitious有抱负的；B. cautious小心的；C. confident自信的；D. distressed苦恼的。根据下文“worrying won’t help.”提到担心，由此可知，此处指的是对地球的状况感到苦恼。故选D项。 14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：相反，从温奇的家人那里得到提示：每年，他们决定做一件事来缓解他们对气候的焦虑，比如消除塑料袋，堆肥食物残渣，或者步行15分钟到附近的目的地，而不是开车。A. conceal隐藏；B. ease缓解；C. measure衡量；D. track跟踪。根据下文“their climate anxiety”和“like eliminating plastic bags, composting food scraps, or walking 15 minutes to nearby destinations instead of driving.”由此可知，此处应表示他们决定做一件事来缓解他们对气候的焦虑。故选B项。 15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但做一件小事就能让你感觉自己正在接近目标。A. emphasizing强调；B. defeating战胜；C. underestimating理解；D. approaching接近。根据句意以及下文“your goal”由此可知，此处应表示做一件小事就能让你感觉自己正在接近目标。故选D项。 Passage 3 （23-24高二下·上海·期中）Anger isn’t a pleasant feeling. Some of us bottle up the emotion, while others 1 in a wild anger. Both habits have bad effects on our bodies, our minds, and our relationships. Anger may feel uncomfortable, but it’s also normal and healthy. “A lot of people think they have to 2 their anger,” says Patrick Keelan, a registered psychologist. “But anger is an emotion built into us to signal that something needs to be 3 . ” When we take notice of that signal and actually correct the problem instead of ignoring it, we’re usually much better for it. 4 , many of us have been conditioned to keep our emotions hidden. Increasingly, research is suggesting that this can have long-term effects on our health. Investigators at the University of Rochester noticed that people who 5 their emotions tend to have shorter life spans. They’re more likely to die earlier from cancer, 6 . When we’re angry, stress hormones are released, which can make us more likely to develop a wide range of diseases, including diabetes, depression, and autoimmune conditions. Is it better, then, to 7 whenever something makes you mad? That’s the fundamental reason behind the “rage rooms” that have popped up in many American cities, where folks are invited to release their anger by violently having stuff 8 in a “safe” environment. “The theory is that you get the anger out of your system through aggressive actions, and it’s 9 , ” says Keelan. “But the research indicates that when we display our anger aggressively, it can actually increase the 10 of the anger — and increase the likelihood of aggressive actions in the future.” It doesn’t take much imagination to 11 how displaying anger violently can affect your relationships with your spouse, your kids, or your co-workers. It also 12 your health. A large 2016 study at McMaster University found that people are more than twice as likely to have a heart attack after an angry outburst. The increased blood pressure and heart rate put 13 on the cardiovascular (心血管的) system. If we shouldn’t bottle up our angry feelings but aggressive behaviour isn’t healthy either, how should we 14 things that irritate us? It’s the extreme highs and lows that take a toll. If you’re able to apply techniques that smooth out some of those 15 , you can have a gentler ride. 1．A．escape B．explode C．evacuate D．express 2．A．get out of B．get down with C．get hold of D．get rid of 3．A．consumed B．credited C．erased D．addressed 4．A．Unfortunately B．Incredibly C．Generally D．Literally 5．A．contain B．release C．arouse D．strengthen 6．A．on the contrary B．in short C．as usual D．for example 7．A．fight B．scream C．glare D．pour 8．A．smashed B．spilt C．separated D．shaken 9．A．inspiring B．scaring C．uploading D．liberating 10．A．stability B．quantity C．intensity D．priority 11．A．predict B．prospect C．react D．reflect 12．A．bothers B．restricts C．hurts D．breaks 13．A．warning B．emphasis C．stress D．flow 14．A．follow B．handle C．avoid D．shadow 15．A．down and out B．twists and turns C．apples and oranges D．peaks and valleys 【答案】 1．B 2．D 3．D 4．A 5．A 6．D 7．B 8．A 9．D 10．C 11．A 12．C 13．C 14．B 15．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是研究表明对于愤怒情绪，无论是压抑还是在狂怒中爆发，都会对我们的身体、思想和人际关系产生不良影响。 1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们中的一些人压抑着情绪，而另一些人则突然爆发。A. escape逃脱；B. explode突然爆发，迸发；C. evacuate疏散，撤离；D. express表达，表露。根据上文中的“Some of us bottle up the emotion”可知，有些人压抑着情绪，结合while表对比可知，此处与上文为对比关系，所以此处应表示有些人愤怒情绪“突然爆发”符合语境。故选B项。 2．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：“很多人认为他们必须摆脱愤怒，”注册心理学家帕特里克·基兰(Patrick Keelan)说。A. get out of逃脱，逃避；B. get down with与……狂欢作乐；C. get hold of成功获得；D. get rid of摆脱，去除。根据上文中的“Anger may feel uncomfortable, but it’s also normal and healthy.”可知愤怒是感到不舒服，但也是正常的情绪，再结合下文“instead of ignoring it”讲有人忽视愤怒情绪可知，心理学家帕特里克·基兰指出一些人们对愤怒的不同看法，由此可知，此处指的是有人想要“摆脱”愤怒。故选D项。 3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但愤怒是我们与生俱来的一种情绪，表明有些事情需要解决。A. consumed消耗；B. credited相信；C. erased擦除；D. addressed解决。根据下文中的“When we take notice of that signal and actually correct the problem instead of ignoring it, we’re usually much better for it. ”可知，当我们注意到这种情绪并且去纠正而不是忽略时，我们会感到更好，由此可知，此处指的是愤怒是一种需要“解决”的情绪。故选D项。 4．考查副词词义辨析。句意：不幸的是，我们中的许多人都习惯于隐藏自己的情绪。A. Unfortunately不幸的是；B. Incredibly难以置信地；C. Generally一般，通常；D. Literally真正地，字面上。根据上文中的“When we take notice of that signal and actually correct the problem instead of ignoring it, we’re usually much better for it. ”可知，当我们注意到这种情绪并且去纠正而不是忽略时，我们会感到更好，结合下文中的“many of us have been conditioned to keep our emotions hidden.”可知，我们中的一些人习惯于隐藏自己的情绪，由此可知，上下文之间表示转折意义，所以此处应表示“不幸的是”符合语境。故选A项。 5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：罗切斯特大学的研究人员注意到，控制自己情绪的人往往寿命较短。A. contain抑制，控制；B. release释放；C. arouse引起，激起；D. strengthen加强。根据上文中的“____4____ , many of us have been conditioned to keep our emotions hidden.”可知，有些人习惯于隐藏自己的情绪，这是不幸的事情，由此可知，此处讲述的是“控制”情绪的人，符合语境。故选A项。 6．考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：例如，他们更有可能早死于癌症。A. on the contrary相反；B. in short总之；C. as usual像往常一样；D. for example例如。根据上文中的“Investigators at the University of Rochester noticed that people who ____5____ their emotions tend to have shorter life spans.”可知，控制情绪的人倾向于短命，结合“They’re more likely to die earlier from cancer”可知，此处列举具体的事例说明控制情绪的人倾向于短命，由此可知，此处应为“例如”符合语境。故选D项。 7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：那么，当有什么事情让你生气时，尖叫是不是更好呢？A. fight战斗，打仗；B. scream尖叫；C. glare怒视；D. pour倾倒。根据下文中的“That’s the fundamental reason behind the “rage rooms” that have popped up in many American cities”可知，这就是美国许多城市出现“愤怒屋”背后的根本原因，由此可推断，此处讲述的是在人们感到愤怒时选择“尖叫”的做法。故选B项。 8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这就是美国许多城市出现“愤怒屋”背后的根本原因，在那里，人们被邀请在一个“安全”的环境中通过暴力打碎东西来释放他们的愤怒。A. smashed打碎，粉碎；B. spilt洒出，溢出；C. separated分离；D. shaken动摇。根据上文中的“where folks are invited to release their anger by violently having stuff”可知，在那个“愤怒屋”人们通过暴力释放愤怒，由此可知，此处应表示暴力“打碎”东西，符合语境。故选A项。 9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：基兰说：“理论是，你可以通过激进的行为将愤怒从你的系统中释放出来，这是一种解放。”A. inspiring激励；B. scaring使害怕；C. uploading上传；D. liberating解放。根据上文中的“The theory is that you get the anger out of your system through aggressive actions”可知，理论上可以通过激进的行为释放愤怒，这就是一种“解放”符合语境。故选D项。 10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但研究表明，当我们攻击性地表达愤怒时，实际上会增加愤怒的强度，并增加未来采取攻击性行为的可能性。A. stability稳定；B. quantity数量；C. intensity强度；D. priority优先事项。根据上文中的“But the research indicates that when we display our anger aggressively”可知，此处讲述的是研究发现攻击性表达愤怒时造成的影响，结合语境和下文中的“and increase the likelihood of aggressive actions in the future.”可知，攻击性表达愤怒会增加未来采取攻击性行为的可能性，由此可推断，此处指的是攻击性表达愤怒会增加愤怒的“强度”符合句意。故选C项。 11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：不需要太多的想象力就能预测出暴力表达愤怒会如何影响你与配偶、孩子或同事的关系。A. predict预测；B. prospect勘探，探矿；C. react作出回应；D. reflect反映。根据常识和上文中的“It doesn’t take much imagination”以及下文中的“how displaying anger violently can affect your relationships with your spouse, your kids, or your co-workers.”可知，不需要很多的想象力就可以“预测”到暴力表达愤怒会如何影响你与配偶、孩子或同事的关系。故选A项。 12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：它还会损害你的健康。A. bothers打扰；B. restricts限制；C. hurts伤害；D. breaks打破。根据下文中的“A large 2016 study at McMaster University found that people are more than twice as likely to have a heart attack after an angry outburst.”可知，麦克马斯特大学2016年的一项大型研究发现，人们在愤怒爆发后心脏病发作的可能性是普通人的两倍多，由此可知，此处指的是愤怒也会对身体造成“伤害”符合语境。故选C项。 13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：血压和心率的升高会给心血管系统带来压力。A. warning警告；B. emphasis重点；C. stress压力；D. flow流动。根据常识和上文中的“The increased blood pressure”可知，愤怒会造成血压增加，由此可推断，血压的升高会带给血管“压力”符合语境。故选C项。 14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果我们不应该压抑自己的愤怒情绪，但攻击性行为也不健康，那么我们应该如何处理激怒我们的事情呢？A. follow跟随；B. handle处理；C. avoid避免；D. shadow跟踪。根据语境和上文中的“If we shouldn’t bottle up our angry feelings but aggressive behaviour isn’t healthy either”可知，控制愤怒或者攻击性行为释放愤怒都不是健康处理情绪的方法，所以，此处提出该用什么方法“处理”愤怒，符合语境。故选B项。 15．考查固定短语词义辨析。句意：如果你能运用一些技巧来消除这些高峰和低谷，你就能有一个更温和的旅程。A. down and out一贫如洗的；B. twists and turns曲折变化；C. apples and oranges风马牛不相及的事物；D. peaks and valleys高峰和低谷。根据上文中的“It’s the extreme highs and lows that take a toll.”可知，只有极端的高潮和低谷才会让你付出代价，所以，此处指的是要运用一些技巧来消除“高峰和低谷”来处理愤怒情绪。故选D项。 话题3 文学、艺术与体育 Passage 1 （24-25高二下·上海·期中）Before arriving in Paris, Wu Shuyun, a 56-year-old Chinese housewife, imagined the French capital to be like film set for a romantic love story, 1 herself as a fashionable princess surrounded by elegant Parisians. Instead, Ms. Wu said she was 2 by the cigarette butts and dog poo on the street, and the 3 of the locals. Though friends had warned her about 4 targeting Chinese people, she said she was nevertheless surprised when a number of her tour group was 5 on a crowded Metro train, as other passengers looked on. “For the Chinese, France has always been romantic, mysterious and 6 ,” Ms. Wu said after a two-week tour. “Once I realized that the Parisians were indifferent, I made a 7 : try to make the most of the trip, but never come back to Paris again.” Psychologists warned that Chinese tourists, shaken by 8 , were at risk of Paris Syndrome, a condition during which foreigners suffer depression and anxiety when their rosy imagination of champagne, magnificent architecture and Monet are 9 . The expression was coined 30 years ago by Paris-based Japanese psychiatrist, Hiroaki Ota, after several Japanese visitors to Paris fell ill when their culture of 10 was met with French arrogance (傲慢). Thomas Deschamps, the head of research at the Paris Tourism Office, said culture shock was particularly 11 among travelers from Asia, who sometimes wrongly regarded the French capital as a museum. “They watch movies like Amelie (《天使爱美丽》). They think all Parisians carry Louis Vuitton purses and smell like Dior,” Thomas said. “They don’t know about the working-class suburbs, the overworked waiters, the more 12 parts of the city. Paris is not a museum. People are 13 . They are stressed and living their lives.” To help protect Chinese tourists, the local tourism industry has redoubled its efforts to be more 14 sensitive. An online guide for hotels and businesses notes that for serving Chinese visitors, “a simple 15 and hello in their language will obviously put them at ease.” 1．A．wanting B．painting C．picturing D．appearing 2．A．frightened B．shocked C．worried D．pleased 3．A．concern B．warmth C．anger D．indifference 4．A．policemen B．thieves C．locals D．drivers 5．A．robbed B．beaten C．threatened D．pushed 6．A．satisfying B．attractive C．damaging D．surprising 7．A．choice B．proposal C．difference D．decision 8．A．unhappiness B．expectation C．hope D．disappointment 9．A．overlooked B．destroyed C．canceled D．established 10．A．tolerance B．acceptance C．consideration D．politeness 11．A．familiar B．unusual C．common D．frequent 12．A．unpleasant B．terrific C．horrible D．uncomfortable 13．A．1ay B．busy C．honest D．simple 14．A．economically B．politically C．culturally D．socially 15．A．smile B．praise C．gesture D．greeting 【答案】 1．C 2．B 3．D 4．B 5．A 6．B 7．D 8．D 9．B 10．D 11．C 12．A 13．B 14．C 15．A 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了中国游客吴淑云在巴黎的经历，以及她对巴黎的浪漫幻想与现实之间的巨大落差。文章还探讨了巴黎旅游业如何通过文化敏感性来帮助中国游客更好地适应。 1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在抵达巴黎之前，56岁的中国家庭主妇吴淑云想象着法国首都就像浪漫爱情故事的电影场景，她把自己想象成一个被优雅的巴黎人包围的时尚公主。A. wanting想要；B. painting描绘；C. picturing想象；D. appearing出现。根据下文“as a fashionable princess surrounded by elegant Parisians”可知，吴女士在来法国之前，对法国抱有很多美好的想象。故选C项。 2．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，吴女士说，她对街上的烟头、狗屎以及当地人的冷漠感到震惊。A. frightened害怕的；B. shocked震惊的；C. worried担心的；D. pleased高兴的。根据下文“cigarette butts and dog poo on the street”可知，怀揣美好想象的吴女士看到满街的烟头和狗屎，她肯定会感到震惊。故选B项。 3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：吴淑云说，她对街上的烟头、狗屎和当地人的冷漠感到震惊。A. concern关心；B. warmth热情；C. anger愤怒；D. indifference冷漠。根据下文“as other passengers looked on”可知，面对危险情况，当地人只是旁观，这里表示当地人的冷漠。故选D项。 4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管朋友们曾警告她有针对中国人的小偷，但她还是对一群游客在拥挤的地铁上被抢劫感到惊讶，其他乘客只是旁观。A. policemen警察；B. thieves小偷；C. locals当地人；D. drivers司机。根据上文“had warned her”可知，这里表示有小偷，只有遇到小偷才需要发出警告，其余选项不符合语境。故选B项。 5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管朋友们曾警告她有针对中国人的小偷，但她还是对一群游客在拥挤的地铁上被抢劫感到惊讶，其他乘客只是旁观。A. robbed抢劫；B. beaten打败；C. threatened威胁；D. pushed推。根据上文“thieves targeting Chinese people”可知，有专门针对中国人的小偷，小偷能做的动作就是抢劫。故选A项。 6．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：吴淑云在两周的旅行后说：“对中国人来说，法国一直是浪漫、神秘和吸引人的。”A. satisfying令人满意的；B. attractive吸引人的；C. damaging有害的；D. surprising令人惊讶的。根据上文“romantic, mysterious”可知，这里表示吸引人的，其余选项不符合语境。故选B项。 7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：一旦意识到巴黎人冷漠，她就做出了一个决定：尽量享受这次旅行，但再也不回巴黎了。A. choice选择；B. proposal提议；C. difference不同；D. decision决定。根据下文“never come back to Paris again”可知，吴女士再也不想回巴黎了，这里表示她做出了一个决定。故选D项。 8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：心理学家警告说，被失望情绪困扰的中国游客有患巴黎综合症的风险，这是一种外国人在他们对香槟、宏伟建筑和莫奈的浪漫幻想破灭时会感到抑郁和焦虑的状况。A. unhappiness不快乐；B. expectation期望；C. hope希望；D. disappointment失望。根据上文“shaken by”可知，中国游客往往被震惊，因为他们的幻想被打破了，因此会感到失望。故选D项。 9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：心理学家警告说，被失望情绪困扰的中国游客有患巴黎综合症的风险，这是一种外国人在他们对香槟、宏伟建筑和莫奈的浪漫幻想破灭时会感到抑郁和焦虑的状况。A. overlooked忽视；B. destroyed破坏；C. canceled取消；D. established建立。根据上文“suffer depression and anxiety”可知，这里表示他们对法国的各种幻想被破坏了。故选B项。 10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种表达是由巴黎的日本精神病学家Hiroaki Ota 30年前创造的，当时一些日本游客在巴黎生病，因为他们的礼貌文化遇到了法国人的傲慢。A. tolerance容忍；B. acceptance接受；C. consideration考虑；D. politeness礼貌。根据下文“met with French arrogance”可知，和法国人的傲慢相对应的，应该是日本人的礼貌文化。故选D项。 11．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：巴黎旅游局研究负责人Thomas Deschamps表示，文化冲击在亚洲旅行者中尤为常见，他们有时错误地将法国首都视为博物馆。A. familiar熟悉的；B. unusual不寻常的；C. common常见的；D. frequent频繁的。根据下文“among travelers from Asia”可知，这里表示文化冲击在亚洲旅行者中较为常见。故选C项。 12．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们不了解工人阶级郊区、过度劳累的侍者和城市中更不愉快的部分。A. unpleasant不愉快的；B. terrific极好的；C. horrible可怕的；D. uncomfortable不舒服的。根据上文“the working-class suburbs, the overworked waiters”可知，工薪阶层和负载过重的服务员都代表了城市中不愉快的部分。故选A项。 13．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：人们很忙。他们有压力，过着自己的生活。A. lazy懒惰的；B. busy忙碌的；C. honest诚实的；D. simple简单的。根据下文“They are stressed and living their lives”可知，人们的生活压力很大，说明这里表示人们很忙。故选B项。 14．考查副词词义辨析。句意：为了保护中国游客，当地旅游业加倍努力，更加注重文化敏感性。A. economically经济上；B. politically政治上；C. culturally文化上；D. socially社会上。根据下文“a simple smile and hello in their language”可知，法国为了迎合中国游客也做出了一些改变，这里表示注重文化敏感性，从而更加符合中国人的文化。故选C项。 15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：一份针对酒店和企业的在线指南指出，为了服务中国游客，“一个简单的微笑和用他们的语言打招呼显然会让他们放松。”A. smile微笑；B. praise表扬；C. gesture手势；D. greeting问候。根据下文“and hello in their language”可知，和人打招呼需要面带微笑。故选A项。 Passage 2 （24-25高二下·上海·期中）Pickleball was invented in 1965 and became an instant hit with its unique combination of badminton, tennis, and table-tennis. Some consider it a(n) 1 version of tennis－it requires less power and less running. However, there has been a turf war (争夺战) between traditional tennis players and the rapidly growing pickleball community. Some tennis players accuse pickleballers of taking up courts. The source of the 2 is a familiar one to economists: the distribution of a limited resource. Pickleball has gained widespread popularity since the covid-19 pandemic, especially among those over the age of 55. 3 special courts, many pickleballers started using public tennis courts. Basic economics teaches students about substitute and complementary (互补的) goods. Substitutes are goods that can be 4 by one another－think Coca-Cola and Pepsi. Rising demand for one will lead to falling demand for the other. Complements are the 5 . Rising demand for one stimulates demand for the other － think cars and petrol. It is 6 to see why the two sports appear to be substitutes. Public-court space is 7 and private clubs can be expensive. As pickleball has added more than 9 million players since 2020, the number of tennis players has also 8 , but growth in courts has not kept pace. In the long run, however, the impact of pickleball on tennis is not necessarily 9 . There is even an argument that the two sports may end up complementary. First, what is really apparent is a rise in demand for facilities in which both sports can be played, and local authorities have never been keener on the provision of public courts. If 10 keeps up, it will result in suitable spaces for both sports. 11 , the act of playing either sport is probably a complement to the other. Tennis is both hard to learn and athletically challenging. Pickleball is less 12 for children and the elderly to pick up. Consequently, it could easily become an entry point to more 13 sports － one that encourages children to progress to tennis 14 they have a little more muscle. And this process might later work 15 . Lifelong tennis players, who find the sport too demanding as they age, might enjoy switching to pickleball. 1．A．simpler B．popular C．final D．unique 2．A．interaction B．combination C．conflict D．invention 3．A．In the face of B．In the absence of C．In the company of D．In the name of 4．A．advertised B．exchanged C．sold D．replaced 5．A．opposite B．alternative C．equivalent D．relative 6．A．strange B．easy C．interesting D．possible 7．A．free B．available C．limited D．rented 8．A．changed B．increased C．switched D．stabilized 9．A．general B．changeable C．negative D．complementary 10．A．provision B．demand C．argument D．expense 11．A．However B．Therefore C．In addition D．In short 12．A．worthwhile B．argumentative C．recommended D．demanding 13．A．challenging B．professional C．interesting D．beneficial 14．A．in case B．once C．unless D．because 15．A．on the contrary B．in exchange C．in reward D．on the other hand 【答案】 1．A 2．C 3．B 4．D 5．A 6．B 7．C 8．B 9．C 10．A 11．C 12．D 13．A 14．B 15．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了匹克球对网球运动的影响及两者间的潜在互补关系。 1．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：有些人认为它是网球的简化版——它需要的力量和跑动更少。A. simpler更简单的；B. popular受欢迎的；C. final最终的；D. unique独特的。根据后文“it requires less power and less running”可知，匹克球相对网球来说更简单，不需要太多力量和跑动，所以是网球的简化版。故选A。 2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这场冲突的根源是经济学家们熟悉的一个问题：有限资源的分配。A. interaction互动；B. combination结合；C. conflict冲突；D. invention发明。根据前文“However, there has been a turf war (争夺战) between traditional tennis players and the rapidly growing pickleball community. Some tennis players accuse pickleballers of taking up courts.”可知，网球玩家和匹克球玩家之间存在冲突，这里说的是冲突的根源。故选C。 3．考查介词短语辨析。句意：在没有专门场地的情况下，许多匹克球运动员开始使用公共网球场。A. In the face of面对；B. In the absence of缺乏；C. In the company of陪伴；D. In the name of以……的名义。根据后文“many pickleballers started using public tennis courts”可知，匹克球运动员会去使用公共网球场，可以推断出缺乏专门的匹克球场。故选B。 4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：替代品是指可以相互替代的商品——想想可口可乐和百事可乐。A. advertised广告；B. exchanged交换；C. sold出售；D. replaced替代。根据后文“think Coca-Cola and Pepsi. Rising demand for one will lead to falling demand for the other”可知，一种商品需求上升会导致另一种商品需求下降，说明两者是替代品，可以相互替代。故选D。 5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：互补品则相反。A. opposite相反；B. alternative选择；C. equivalent等价物；D. relative亲戚。根据前文“think Coca-Cola and Pepsi. Rising demand for one will lead to falling demand for the other”和后文“Rising demand for one stimulates demand for the other”可知，一种商品需求上升会刺激另一种商品需求上升，这与替代品相反。故选A。 6．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：很容易理解为什么这两项运动似乎是替代品。A. strange奇怪的；B. easy容易的；C. interesting有趣的；D. possible可能的。根据后文“to see why the two sports appear to be substitutes. Public-court space is ____ and private clubs can be expensive. As pickleball has added more than 9 million players since 2020, the number of tennis players has also ____ , but growth in courts has not kept pace.”可知，公共球场空间有限且私人俱乐部费用昂贵，自2020年以来，匹克球增加了900多万名球员，网球运动员的数量也有所增加，但球场的增长速度却没有跟上，所以很容易理解为什么匹克球和网球似乎是替代品。故选B。 7．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：公共球场空间有限，私人俱乐部可能很昂贵。A. free免费的；B. available可获得的；C. limited有限的；D. rented租用的。根据前文“the distribution of a limited resource”和“Public-court space is”可知，前文提到有限资源的分配问题，可知公共球场空间是有限的。故选C。 8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：自2020年以来，匹克球增加了900多万名球员，网球运动员的数量也有所增加，但球场的增长速度却没有跟上。A. changed改变；B. increased增加；C. switched转换；D. stabilized稳定。根据前文“As pickleball has added more than 9 million players since 2020, the number of tennis players has also”可知，匹克球增加了900多万名球员，网球运动员的数量也有所增加。故选B。 9．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，从长远来看，匹克球对网球的影响不一定是消极的。A. general一般的；B. changeable可变的；C. negative消极的；D. complementary互补的。根据后文“There is even an argument that the two sports may end up complementary.”可知，有人认为这两项运动最终可能是互补的，所以匹克球对网球的影响不一定是消极的。故选C。 10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果供应跟上，这将为两项运动提供合适的空间。A. provision提供，供应；B. demand需求；C. argument争论；D. expense费用。根据前文“local authorities have never been keener on the provision of public courts”和后文“keeps up, it will result in suitable spaces for both sports”可知，地方当局对提供公共球场很热心，这里说的是如果球场的供应能跟上需求，就会有适合两项运动的空间。故选A。 11．考查副词词义辨析。句意：此外，进行这两项运动中的任何一项可能都是对另一项的补充。A. However然而；B. Therefore因此；C. In addition此外；D. In short简而言之。根据后文“the act of playing either sport is probably a complement to the other”可知，此处是在进一步说明匹克球和网球之间的关系，即进行这两项运动中的任何一项可能都是对另一项的补充，所以用In addition表示“此外”。故选C。 12．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：匹克球对儿童和老年人来说不那么苛刻。A. worthwhile值得的；B. argumentative好争论的；C. recommended推荐的；D. demanding要求高的，要求苛刻的。根据前文“Tennis is both hard to learn and athletically challenging. Pickleball is less”可知，网球既难学又对运动能力有挑战，而匹克球则相对容易上手，对儿童和老年人来说要求不那么高。故选D。 13．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：因此，它很容易成为更具挑战性运动的入门点——鼓励孩子们在肌肉更发达一些后转向网球。A. challenging有挑战性的；B. professional专业的；C. interesting有趣的；D. beneficial有益的。根据前文“Tennis is both hard to learn and athletically challenging. Pickleball is less ____ for children and the elderly to pick up.”和后文“one that encourages children to progress to tennis”可知，网球有挑战性，而匹克球相对容易，所以说匹克球可以成为进入更具挑战性运动的切入点。故选A。 14．考查连词词义辨析。句意：因此，它很容易成为更具挑战性运动的入门点——鼓励孩子们在肌肉更发达一些后转向网球。A. in case万一；B. once一旦；C. unless除非；D. because因为。根据前文“encourages children to progress to tennis”和后文“they have a little more muscle”可知，这里表示一旦孩子身体条件允许，就可以从匹克球转向网球。故选B。 15．考查介词短语辨析。句意：这个过程以后可能会反过来。A. on the contrary相反；B. in exchange作为交换；C. in reward作为报答；D. on the other hand另一方面。根据后文“Lifelong tennis players, who find the sport too demanding as they age, might enjoy switching to pickleball.”可知，终身打网球的运动员在年老时可能会觉得这项运动要求太高，转而喜欢打匹克球，这与前文孩子们从匹克球转向网球的过程相反。故选A。 Passage 3 （24-25高二下·上海·期末）Don’t Hibernate AH, WINTER, the season of roast dinners and heated blankets. Not so much time for getting up early to hit the gym, going for a run in the evening darkness, or even taking a brief walk at lunch time. The evidence confirms what you probably 1 . In winter, most people tend to spend more time in a sedentary (久坐的) way. Does that mean we casual exercisers are fated to 2 in the icy months, or are there ways to address it? And does anything about the colder, darker months actually make maintaining our 3 easier? First of all, it is helpful for you to make the effort during winter, even if you are not 4 about your six-pack (发达的腹肌). Seasonal affective disorder (properly abbreviated as SAD), which is often linked to reduced 5 to sunlight during the shorter winter days, may affect not just mood but your health as well. While exercise is not a cure-all, studies suggest that it can help to 6 the mood disorder. Are there benefits to training in cold weather? This is 7 . For years, it was assumed that bodies burn more calories in the cold to keep warm, while also helping the body’s-white fat to take on the properties of brown fat, which 8 as a fuel to maintain body temperature. However, just how beneficial the process can be is open to 9 . Still, the benefits of exercise make it more than worth toughing out the odd pre-dawn alarm. But how do you get it done? “My top tip would be to either use your commute (通勤) to get your workout in, or make sure you get out again as soon as you get home,” says running coach Havley Hemmings. “I’d also 10 teaming up with someone so you’re accountable to go for a run.” Of course, if training outdoors does not sound like fun, even when you are 11 up, there are other options. Walking 4,000 steps a day, for example, can significantly reduce your risk of all-cause mortality (死亡率). At the other end of the range, a short, sharp 12 of high-intensity interval training can boost your mood while helping to reduce fat. If you are not used to training, an entry-level 13 is the Timmons Method, or 20 seconds of squats (深蹲) or kettlebell (壶铃) swings work, followed by two minutes of active recovery (just moving around) repeated a few times. And finally, don’t 14 the importance of your mood on getting you to work out in the first place. There is fairly strong evidence that 15 vitamin D can positively affect your mood, and it is nearly impossible to get enough from the sun in winter. Get a supplement (补充剂) — and don’t be afraid to chase it with roast dinners. 1．A．pretend B．regret C．suspect D．understand 2．A．break down B．fall behind C．set off D．wake up 3．A．balance B．fitness C．innocence D．reputation 4．A．annoyed B．excited C．disappointed D．concerned 5．A．addiction B．desire C．exposure D．preference 6．A．detect B．diagnose C．relieve D．treat 7．A．funnier B．rarer C．stranger D．trickier 8．A．abandons B．employs C．functions D．targets 9．A．interpretation B．adaptation C．negotiation D．temptation 10．A．appreciate B．practice C．recommend D．resist 11．A．built B．wrapped C．set D．held 12．A．component B．burst C．block D．portion 13．A．alternative B．opportunity C．requirement D．technique 14．A．emphasize B．investigate C．underestimate D．welcome 15．A．inadequate B．excessive C．superior D．sufficient 【答案】 1．C 2．B 3．B 4．D 5．C 6．C 7．D 8．C 9．A 10．C 11．B 12．B 13．A 14．C 15．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文探讨了冬季锻炼的必要性和方法。作者指出，冬季人们更容易久坐不动，但锻炼对身心健康至关重要。虽然冷天锻炼的好处尚存争议，但运动可以缓解季节性情感障碍，并带来其他健康益处。作者建议利用通勤时间锻炼，或与朋友结伴运动。此外，每天走4000步或进行高强度间歇训练也能有效提升健康水平。最后，作者强调情绪对锻炼的重要性，并建议补充维生素D来改善冬季情绪。 1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些证据证实了你可能有所怀疑的事情。A. pretend假装；B. regret后悔；C. suspect怀疑；D. understand理解。根据后文“In winter, most people tend to spend more time in a sedentary way.(在冬季，大多数人往往会更多地以静坐的方式度过时光)”指证据证实了你可能“怀疑”的事 —— 冬天人们更久坐。故选C。 2．考查动词短语辨析。句意：这是否意味着我们这些偶尔锻炼的人在寒冷的冬季注定会落后于其他人呢？还是说我们有办法解决这个问题呢？A. break down出故障；B. fall behind落后；C. set off突出；D. wake up醒来。根据上文“Does that mean we casual exercisers are fated to”可知，冬天久坐是否意味着偶尔锻炼的人注定会落后于其他人？fall behind（落后）指锻炼进度滞后，符合语境。故选B。 3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：那么，那些寒冷、阴暗的月份是否真的会让我们更容易保持健康呢？A. balance平衡；B. fitness健康；C. innocence无辜；D. reputation名誉。根据上文“casual exercisers”提到了锻炼的人，所以是指保持健康，故选B。 4．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：首先，即便你并不在意自己的六块腹肌，冬季的时候努力锻炼也是有好处的。A. annoyed生气的；B. excited激动的；C. disappointed失望的；D. concerned关心的。根据后文“about your six-pack”指不“在意”腹肌，冬天锻炼也有帮助。be concerned about（在意）符合语义，故选D。 5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：季节性情感障碍（其正式缩写为 SAD）通常与冬季日照时间缩短导致的“阳光暴露减少”有关，这种病症不仅会影响情绪，还可能对健康造成影响。A. addiction上瘾；B. desire渴望；C. exposure曝光，接触；D. preference偏爱。根据后文“to sunlight during the shorter winter days”可知，季节性情感障碍与冬季“暴露于”阳光减少有关，故选C。 6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然锻炼并不能完全治愈这种病症，但研究表明，它确实有助于缓解情绪障碍。A. detect查明；B. diagnose诊断；C. relieve缓解；D. treat对待。根据上文“While exercise is not a cure-all”可知，虽然锻炼并不能完全治愈这种病症，但的确有助于“缓解”情绪障碍。故选C。 7．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这就要复杂一些了。A. funnier更有趣的；B. rarer更稀少的；C. stranger更陌生的；D. trickier更复杂的。寒冷天气训练是否有益？这是“更复杂的”问题。trickier（更复杂的）对应后文“燃烧卡路里的说法存在争议”，故选D。 8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：多年来，人们一直认为，在寒冷的环境中，人体会消耗更多热量来保持体温，同时还能促使白色脂肪转化为具有类似棕色脂肪的功能特性，而棕色脂肪的作用就是为维持体温提供能量。A. abandons抛弃；B. employs采用；C. functions起作用；D. targets以……为目标。根据后文“as a fuel to maintain body temperature”指棕色脂肪的作用就是为维持体温提供能量。故选C。 9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，这一过程究竟能带来多大的益处，尚存在不同的解释。A. interpretation解释；B. adaptation改编；C. negotiation协商；D. temptation诱惑。根据上文“just how beneficial the process can be is open to”指该过程的益处仍有待“解释”，open to interpretation（有待解读）为固定表达。故选A。 10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“我还建议你找个人一起锻炼，这样你就有了督促自己去跑步的动力了。”A. appreciate感激；B. practice练习；C. recommend推荐；D. resist抵制。根据后文“teaming up with someone so you’re accountable to go for a run”可知，跑步教练“推荐”组队锻炼。recommend doing sth.（建议做某事）符合语境，故选C。 11．考查动词短语辨析。当然，如果在户外进行训练听起来并不有趣（即便你已经包裹得很严实），那么还有其他选择可供选择。A. built (up)建立；B. wrapped(up)包裹；C. set(up)设置；D. held(up)持有。根据上文“if training outdoors does not sound like fun”可知，冬天在户外锻炼，即使你已经包裹得很严实，户外锻炼也可能无趣，因为实在是太寒冷了，故选B。 12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在这一系列训练的另一端，进行一次短暂而高强度的间歇训练能够提升你的情绪，同时还能帮助你减脂。A. component部分；B. burst爆发；C. block街区；D. portion部分。根据后文“of high-intensity interval training”指短暂、剧烈的高强度间歇训练“爆发”。a burst of（一阵）强调短时高强度，故选B。 13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果你不习惯训练，一个入门级的替代方法是蒂蒙斯训练法，或者20秒的深蹲或壶铃摆动训练，接着进行两分钟的动态恢复（只是四处走动），重复几次。A. alternative选择；B. opportunity机会；C. requirement要求；D. technique技术。根据上文“If you are not used to training”可知，与“若不习惯训练”呼应，指替代选项是泰蒙斯训练法，故选A。 14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：最后一点要强调的是，不要低估你的情绪对于促使你开始锻炼的重要性。A. emphasize强调；B. investigate调查；C. underestimate低估；D. welcome欢迎。根据后文“vitamin D can positively affect your mood”可知，建议不要“低估”情绪对锻炼的重要性。故选C。 15．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：有相当充分的证据表明，充足的维生素D能够对人的情绪产生积极影响，而在冬季几乎不可能通过晒太阳来获取足够的维生素 D。A. inadequate不充分的；B. excessive过度的；C. superior更优的；D. sufficient足够的。根据后文“vitamin D can positively affect your mood”可知，产生积极影响需要充足的维生素D。故选D。 话题4 历史、社会与文化 Passage 1 （24-25高二下·上海浦东新·期末）No, You Don’t Get an A Just for Effort After 20 years of teaching, I thought I’d heard every argument in the book from students who wanted a better grade. But recently, multiple students had a new complaint: “My grade doesn’t reflect the effort I put into this course.” High marks are for 1 , not grit (硬扛，死磕). In the past, students understood that hard work was not sufficient; an A required great work. Yet today, many students expect to be rewarded for the quantity of their effort rather than the quality of their knowledge. In surveys, two-thirds of college students say that “trying hard” should be a factor in their grades, and a third think they should get at least a B just for 2 at (most) classes. This isn’t Gen Z’s fault. It’s the result of a(n) 3 about one of the most popular educational theories. More than a generation ago, the psychologist Carol Dweck published groundbreaking experiments that changed how many parents and teachers talk to kids. Praising kids for their abilities 4 their resilience (韧劲), making them more likely to give up when they encountered setbacks. To persist and learn in the face of challenges, kids needed to believe that abilities and skills are 5 , and the best way to nurture this growth mindset was to shift from praising intelligence to effort. This idea quickly made its way into viral articles, best-selling books and popular TED talks. Psychologists have long found that rewarding effort cultivates a strong work ethic and reinforces learning. That’s especially 6 for students who weren’t born into comfort or don’t have a record of achievement. 7 , the problem is that we’ve taken the practice of celebrating hard work. We are treating it as an end in itself. We’ve taught a generation of kids that their worth is defined 8 by their work ethic. That does great harm to the students. One study found that if there wasn’t a time limit, the higher people scored on their own 9 , the more likely they were to stick to a task they will never accomplish. This is what worries me most about valuing perseverance above all else: It can motivate people to stick with a bad 10 instead of developing better ones. With students, a textbook example is pulling all-nighters rather than spacing out their studying over a few days. Teachers and parents owe kids a more 11 message. There’s a reason we award Olympic medals to the athletes who swim the fastest, not the ones who train the hardest. Motivation is only one of multiple variables (变量) in the achievement equation (等式). Ability, opportunity and luck 12 , too. The ideal 13 to a disappointing grade is not to complain that your diligence wasn’t rewarded. It’s to ask how you could make your investment 14 better. Trying harder isn’t always the answer. Sometimes it’s working smarter, and other times it’s working on something else altogether. Every teacher should support students to succeed. In my classes, I make it clear that my goal is to give as many A’s as possible. But they’re earned through mastering all. The true 15 of learning is not the time and energy you put in. It’s the knowledge and skills you take out. 1．A．industriousness B．engagement C．morality D．excellence 2．A．doing well B．showing up C．nodding off D．burning out 3．A．misunderstanding B．stretching C．extinction D．emergence 4．A．creates B．restores C．stocks D．hurts 5．A．intangible B．attainable C．preservable D．valuable 6．A．fearful B．sentimental C．dreary D．important 7．A．Therefore B．Otherwise C．However D．Besides 8．A．barely B．initially C．primarily D．proportionately 9．A．grit B．education C．adaptability D．intellect 10．A．tendency B．strategy C．motive D．criterion 11．A．balanced B．universal C．motivational D．random 12．A．vary B．arise C．count D．interfere 13．A．switch B．response C．obstacle D．access 14．A．run out B．drop in C．catch on D．pay off 15．A．measurement B．significance C．theory D．reward 【答案】 1．D 2．B 3．A 4．D 5．B 6．D 7．C 8．C 9．A 10．B 11．A 12．C 13．B 14．D 15．A 【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者结合自己最近在教学中听到学生对成绩抱怨的经历，探讨了教育不应仅以努力程度作为评分标准，卓越的成果才是获得高分的正当理由，指出过度强调努力反而会让学生陷入低效策略，平衡看待能力、方法和机会才是关键。 1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：高分代表优秀，而不是坚韧。A. industriousness勤勉；B. engagement参与；C. morality道德；D. excellence优秀。根据下文“an A required great work”可知，得A需要出色的工作，因此高分代表的是优秀。故选D。 2．考查动词短语辨析。句意：在调查中，三分之二的大学生表示，“努力”应该是他们成绩的一个因素，三分之一的人认为，他们应该至少得到一个B，因为他们在（大多数）课程中都出现了。A. doing well表现好；B. showing up出现；C. nodding off打瞌睡；D. burning out精疲力竭。根据上文“Yet today, many students expect to be rewarded for the quantity of their effort rather than the quality of their knowledge.”可知，许多学生期望根据他们努力的数量而不是知识的质量得到奖励，因此其想法会是因为在课程中出现而至少得到一个B。故选B。 3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是对最流行的教育理论之一的误解的结果。A. misunderstanding误解；B. stretching延伸；C. extinction灭绝；D. emergence出现。根据下文“____7____, the problem is that we’ve taken the practice of celebrating hard work. We are treating it as an end in itself.”可知，我们已经养成了庆祝辛勤工作的习惯，把它本身看作是目的，这是对教育理论的误解。故选A。 4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：赞扬孩子的能力会伤害他们的韧性，使他们更有可能在遇到挫折时放弃。A. creates创造；B. restores恢复；C. stocks储存；D. hurts伤害。根据下文“making them more likely to give up when they encountered setbacks”可知，这会让孩子更有可能在遇到挫折时放弃，因此是指伤害他们的韧性。故选D。 5．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：为了在挑战面前坚持和学习，孩子们需要相信能力和技能是可以获得的，而培养这种成长心态的最好方法是从赞扬智力转变为赞扬努力。A. intangible无形的；B. attainable可获得的；C. preservable可保存的；D. valuable有价值的。根据下文“this growth mindset”可知，成长心态对应的是相信能力和技能是可以获得的。故选B。 6．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这对那些并非出生在舒适环境或没有成就记录的学生尤其重要。A. fearful害怕的；B. sentimental感伤的；C. dreary沉闷的；D. important重要的。根据下文“for students who weren’t born into comfort or don’t have a record of achievement”可知，对那些并非出生在舒适环境或没有成就记录的学生而言，奖励努力从而培养强烈的职业道德，并加强学习是很重要的。故选D。 7．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，问题是我们已经养成了庆祝辛勤工作的习惯。A. Therefore因此；B. Otherwise否则；C. However然而；D. Besides此外。根据上文“Psychologists have long found that rewarding effort cultivates a strong work ethic and reinforces learning.”和下文“the problem is that we’ve taken the practice of celebrating hard work”可知，前面肯定奖励努力的意义，后面指出我们面临的问题，前后是转折关系，应用However“然而”衔接。故选C。 8．考查副词词义辨析。句意：我们教育了一代孩子，他们的价值主要是由他们的职业道德来定义的。A. barely几乎不；B. initially最初地；C. primarily主要地；D. proportionately成比例地。根据上文“We are treating it as an end in itself.”可知，我们把庆祝辛勤工作本身看作是目的，这会导致让孩子们认为他们的价值主要是由职业道德来定义的。故选C。 9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：一项研究发现，如果没有时间限制，人们在自己的毅力上得分越高，他们就越有可能坚持完成一项他们永远无法完成的任务。A. grit毅力；B. education教育；C. adaptability适应性；D. intellect智力。根据下文“This is what worries me most about valuing perseverance above all else”可知，作者很担心把毅力看得比什么都重要这件事，因此是指在自己的毅力上得分越高。故选A。 10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：把毅力看得比什么都重要，这是我最担心的：它会促使人们坚持一个糟糕的策略，而不是发展出更好的策略。A. tendency趋势；B. strategy策略；C. motive动机；D. criterion标准。根据下文“With students, a textbook example is pulling all-nighters rather than spacing out their studying over a few days.”可知，后面举出学生通宵学习而非在几天内分开学习的例子，这是他们对待学习的策略，因此是指会促使人们坚持一个糟糕的策略。故选B。 11．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：老师和家长应该给孩子一个更平衡的讯息。A. balanced平衡的；B. universal普遍的；C. motivational激励的；D. random随机的。根据下文“There’s a reason we award Olympic medals to the athletes who swim the fastest, not the ones who train the hardest. Motivation is only one of multiple variables (变量) in the achievement equation (等式).”可知，奖牌奖励的是卓越的表现，而非仅仅是刻苦的训练，影响成就的变量很多，动机只是其中一个，因此是指给孩子一个更平衡的关于成就的讯息。故选A。 12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：能力、机会和运气也很重要。A. vary变化；B. arise出现；C. count重要；D. interfere干扰。根据上文“Motivation is only one of multiple variables (变量) in the achievement equation (等式).”可知，影响成就的变量很多，能力、机会和运气也很重要。故选C。 13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：面对令人失望的成绩，理想的反应不是抱怨你的勤奋没有得到回报。A. switch切换；B. response反应；C. obstacle障碍；D. access使用权。根据下文“not to complain that your diligence wasn’t rewarded”可知，抱怨勤奋没有得到回报不是面对令人失望的成绩的理想反应。故选B。 14．考查动词短语辨析。句意：而是问你如何才能让你的投入取得更好的效果。A. run out用完；B. drop in顺访；C. catch on流行；D. pay off取得好效果。根据此处是讨论如何取得更好的成就的情境，以及上文“how you could make your investment”可知，学生需要思考的是如何才能让投入更好地奏效，即取得更好的效果。故选D。 15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：学习的真正衡量标准不是你投入的时间和精力。A. measurement衡量；B. significance意义；C. theory理论；D. reward奖励。根据上文“In my classes, I make it clear that my goal is to give as many A’s as possible. But they’re earned through mastering all.”可知，A是通过掌握所有技能而获得的，因此是指学习的真正衡量标准不是投入的时间和精力。故选A。 Passage 2 （24-25高二下·上海闵行·期中）Could you eat your pet Guinea pig? In recent years, that question has become a classic example in cultural anthropology (人类学) classes that relate to the 1 nature of our attitudes towards food. Think about it. On one side of the great Guinea Pig Divide stand Andean cultures, who have long treated the furry creature as a nutritious source of food. On the other side are European and US cultures, where the animal is 2 considered a beloved pet. While western children would doubtlessly react with 3 to the idea of eating these little creatures, to some cultures in Ecuador and Peru it seems equally strange to cherish them as pets. 4 , how we treat guinea pigs is one of the many small ways in which we define our sense of what exactly is considered “exotic”. As any anthropology class will also teach you, 5 others as “exotic” or “weird”, because of food or anything else, also makes it easier to demonise (妖魔化) them. However, there is another side to this. Culture can often be more 6 than we realise, particularly in a globalised age. Gideon Lasco, an anthropologist from the Philippines, has been studying the issue of how and why Andean cultures cat guinea pigs. His research starts by 7 that this food is a social divider not just between Andean cultures and the West, but also inside of countries such as Peru. Some Andean cultures have eaten guinea pigs, known as cuy, for centuries. But in recent decades, urban Peruvians have 8 , knowing that westerners view the practice in a negative light. More recently, however, notes Lasco, two striking 9 have emerged. First, some western tourists have started to view eating guinea-pig dishes as 10 . While globalisation has already brought dishes from around the world into western supermarkets, chopped guinea pig is not yet 11 in Walmart, hence its value as an “experience”. Second, some educated Peruvian have also become more interested in defining and championing what makes them 12 in a globalized world by creating a new form of cuy cuisine in Lima. “As eating’ local’ becomes more fashionable around the world, wealthier people have been 13 time-honored foods,” Lasco writes. Those furry creatures are no longer just a sign of global 14 but of cultural flexibility. This may not, however, make western kids feel any better about the idea of their pets being cooked. But the issue should help them (and adults) to 15 that our assumptions need not be set in stone, or cages. 1．A．physical B．interactive C．local D．subjective 2．A．generally B．accordingly C．inadequately D．previously 3．A．delight B．relief C．horror D．understanding 4．A．In other words B．What’s more C．Even so D．On the contrary 5．A．striking B．deleting C．helping D．labelling 6．A．difficult B．flexible C．relevant D．restricted 7．A．noting B．doubting C．demanding D．complaining 8．A．appeared B．stopped C．succeeded D．fainted 9．A．contrasts B．designs C．options D．trends 10．A．memorable B．stable C．reliable D．fashionable 11．A．out of stock B．on sale C．in need D．without delay 12．A．similar B．useful C．unique D．definite 13．A．reprocessing B．excluding C．rediscovering D．replacing 14．A．differences B．tendencies C．responsibilities D．competitions 15．A．pretend B．recognise C．imagine D．object 【答案】 1．D 2．A 3．C 4．A 5．D 6．B 7．A 8．B 9．D 10．D 11．B 12．C 13．C 14．A 15．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了不同文化中人们对豚鼠的不同态度，以及全球化背景下这种态度的转变和新趋势，揭示了文化的多样性与灵活性。 1．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：近年来，这个问题已成为文化人类学课程中一个典型的例子，用以探讨人们对食物的态度所具有的主观性。A. physical身体的，物质的；B. interactive互动的；C. local当地的；D. subjective主观的。根据后文“On one side of the great Guinea Pig Divide stand Andean cultures, who have long treated the furry creature as a nutritious source of food. On the other side are European and US cultures, where the animal is 2 considered a beloved pet.”可知，不同文化对豚鼠的态度截然不同，这体现了人们对食物的态度是主观的，会因文化背景而异。故选D项。 2．考查副词词义辨析。句意：另一边是欧洲和美国文化，在那里这种动物通常被视为心爱的宠物。A. generally通常；B. accordingly相应地；C. inadequately不足地；D. previously以前。结合前文“Think about it. On one side of the great Guinea Pig Divide stand Andean cultures, who have long treated the furry creature as a nutritious source of food. On the other side are European and US cultures”可知，作者在对比安第斯文化和欧美文化对豚鼠的不同看法，在欧美文化语境里，豚鼠通常是被当作宠物的，所以用“generally”符合语境。故选A项。 3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然西方孩子无疑会对吃这些小动物的想法感到恐惧。A. delight高兴；B. relief宽慰；C. horror恐惧；D. understanding理解。由前文“On the other side are European and US cultures, where the animal is 2 considered a beloved pet.”可知，在西方文化中豚鼠是宠物，所以西方孩子对于吃豚鼠这种想法会感到恐惧。故选C项。 4．考查短语词义辨析。句意：换言之，我们对待豚鼠的方式，正是界定何谓“异国风味”的众多细微文化标尺之一。A. In other words换句话说；B. What’s more此外；C. Even so即使如此；D. On the contrary相反。前文阐述了不同文化对豚鼠不同的看法，即西方把豚鼠当宠物，而安第斯文化把豚鼠当食物，这里进一步说明这种不同的对待方式其实就是定义“异国风味”的一种体现，用“换句话说”来衔接上下文逻辑。故选A项。 5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：正如任何人类学课程也会教给你的那样，因为食物或其他任何事情而将他人标记为“异国的”或“怪异的”，也会更容易将他们妖魔化。A. striking打击；B. deleting删除；C. helping帮助；D. labelling标记。根据后文“as ‘exotic’ or ‘weird’”可知，这里表达的是将他人标记成这样的标签，进而更容易去妖魔化他们。故选D项。 6．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：文化往往比我们意识到的更具灵活性，特别是在全球化时代。A. difficult困难的；B. flexible灵活的；C. relevant相关的；D. restricted受限的。从后文“His research starts by 3 that this food is a social divider not just between Andean cultures and the West, but also inside of countries such as Peru.”以及后面提到的西方游客和秘鲁人对豚鼠态度的变化，可知文化并不是固定不变的，而是具有灵活性的。故选B项。 7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他的研究首先指出，这种食物不仅是安第斯文化和西方之间的社会分隔因素，也是秘鲁等国家内部的社会分隔因素。A. noting指出；B. doubting怀疑；C. demanding要求；D. complaining抱怨。后文“this food is a social divider not just between Andean cultures and the West, but also inside of countries such as Peru.”是研究得出的内容，所以这里用“指出”符合语境，表示研究开始要说明的情况。故选A项。 8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但近几十年来，城市秘鲁人已经停止了（吃豚鼠），因为他们知道西方人对这种做法持负面看法。A. appeared出现；B. stopped停止；C. succeeded成功；D. fainted晕倒。根据前文“Some Andean cultures have eaten guinea pigs, known as cuy, for centuries.”和后文“knowing that westerners view the practice in a negative light”可知，以前安第斯文化有吃豚鼠的传统，但因为西方人负面看法，城市秘鲁人现在停止了这种行为。故选B项。 9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，最近，拉斯科指出，出现了两个显著的趋势。A. contrasts对比；B. designs设计；C. options选择；D. trends趋势。后文分别详细描述了“First, some western tourists have started to view eating guinea pig dishes as 10 ”和“Second, some educated Peruvian have also become more interested in defining and championing what makes them 12 in a globalized world by creating a new form of cuy cuisine in Lima.”这两个新的情况，说明出现了新的趋势。故选D项。 10．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：首先，一些西方游客开始认为吃豚鼠菜肴很时尚。A. memorable难忘的；B. stable稳定的；C. reliable可靠的；D. fashionable时尚的。由后文“As eating ‘local’ becomes more fashionable around the world”可知，在吃当地食物变得时尚的大背景下，西方游客把吃豚鼠菜肴也视为时尚的行为。故选D项。 11．考查短语辨析。句意：虽然全球化已经把世界各地的菜肴带进了西方超市，但切碎的豚鼠还没有在沃尔玛出售，因此它作为一种“体验”有其价值。A. out of stock缺货；B. on sale出售；C. in need需要；D. without delay毫不拖延。根据后文“in Walmart”和常识可知，Walmart是世界连锁零售企业，是大型超市，所以这里说的是豚鼠菜肴尚未在沃尔玛这样的超市出售。故选B项。 12．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：其次，一些受过教育的秘鲁人也通过在利马创造一种新的豚鼠菜肴，对定义和捍卫他们在全球化世界中的独特之处更感兴趣。A. similar相似的；B. useful有用的；C. unique独特的；D. definite明确的。根据后文“by creating a new form of cuy cuisine in Lima”可知，秘鲁人通过创造新的豚鼠菜肴来体现自己在全球化世界中的独特性。故选C项。 13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：随着“吃当地食物”在世界各地变得越来越时尚，富裕的人一直在重新发现历史悠久的食物。A. reprocessing再加工；B. excluding排除；C. rediscovering重新发现；D. replacing取代。结合前文提到“eating ‘local’ becomes more fashionable around the world”以及后文“time honored foods”可推知，因为吃当地食物流行起来，所以富裕的人开始重新关注世界各地的传统食物，开始去重新发现它们。故选C项。 14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：那些毛茸茸的生物不再仅仅是全球差异的标志，而是文化灵活性的标志。A. differences差异；B. tendencies趋势；C. responsibilities责任；D. competitions竞争。前文“On one side of the great Guinea Pig Divide stand Andean cultures, who have long treated the furry creature as a nutritious source of food. On the other side are European and US cultures, where the animal is 2 considered a beloved pet.”描述了不同文化对豚鼠不同的态度，体现了全球差异，而现在“First, some western tourists have started to view eating guinea pig dishes as 10 ”以及“Second, some educated Peruvian have also become more interested in defining and championing what makes them 12 in a globalized world by creating a new form of cuy cuisine in Lima.”等情况有了变化，说明豚鼠不再只是代表差异，更体现了文化的灵活性。故选A项。 15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但这个问题应该能帮助他们（和成年人）认识到，我们的假设不一定是一成不变的。A. pretend假装；B. recognise认识到；C. imagine想象；D. object反对。前文详细描述了不同文化对豚鼠态度从差异到转变的过程，如西方游客和秘鲁人态度的变化，通过这些内容人们应该能“认识到”到自己以往对于食物等方面的一些观念并非固定不变的。故选B项。 Passage 3 （24-25高二下·上海嘉定·期中）I decided to retire my personal social website account. It all began with a detailed review of my own Instagram account. I worked out that more than 80 per cent of the photos I had posted featured my 1 . In some ways this seemed 2 . If social websites are for a simple game of showing off, these two are clearly my pride. Next, however, I examined my husband’s post for 3 . In real life, he loves the kids no less than I do. Yet between his two social website accounts, they featured in only about 25 per cent of his photos. The 4 was split between a) kitchens he had designed and b) vinyl (黑胶) records he had purchased (the former being his job, the latter his addiction). We divide our time between work and childcare in comparable proportions. Yet the 5 suggested by our online selves was quite different. According to Katrin Tiidenberg, associate professor of social media and visual culture at Tallinn University, who is publishing a forthcoming book called Sex and Social Media, this is because men and women often have different 6 for sharing information on social media. When my husband posted a photo of Bruce Springsteen’s Nebraska on vinyl, his aim was 7 , my conversation with Tiidenberg implied. As the words on his post suggested, he mainly wanted the world to know that the 1982 album is: “so good”. When I posted a photo of our daughter eating fish fingers in fancy dress, sure, I was 8 . She looked amazing. I was hoping that her star quality might reflect, just a little, on me. But according to Tiidenberg: “Women tend to use social media as a tool to maintain their social 9 . They take those into account when they post and when deciding how they post.” A photo of a five-year-old in fancy-dress,   10 , doesn’t just say: “so good”. It can, meanwhile, say: “Hello godmother, who we feel guilty for cancelling on the other day”, “Hello cousins, who are now in Australia and feel a little disconnected...” Tiidenberg is careful to stress that she’s “not making any essentialist argument” about women and men’s 11 for either type of content. Instead, she argues, women have always been trained to take responsibility for cultivating and managing social networks: “They’re told it’s what they’re 12 .” In the distant pre-digital past, women were 13 guardians of the family photo album. And even today, says Tiidenberg, a division of 14 labor endures within many families in our offline worlds: “Who remembers people’s birthdays, sends your mother a card and buys the Christmas presents?” The knowledge that I had also 15 responsibility for the online equivalent made me feel angry. 1．A．children B．work C．addiction D．hobbies 2．A．strange B．unnecessary C．possible D．natural 3．A．information B．development C．consideration D．comparison 4．A．reality B．remainder C．knowledge D．visibility 5．A．direction B．balance C．reason D．manner 6．A．techniques B．requirements C．procedures D．motivations 7．A．true B．correct C．simple D．vague 8．A．showing off B．taking on C．setting out D．looking aside 9．A．positions B．services C．ties D．aims 10．A．at the beginning B．in other words C．on the whole D．by contrast 11．A．preferences B．demands C．support D．search 12．A．unaware of B．afraid of C．present at D．good at 13．A．unusually B．doubtfully C．typically D．contrarily 14．A．emotional B．casual C．domestic D．physical 15．A．denied B．shifted C．assumed D．stressed 【答案】 1．A 2．D 3．D 4．B 5．B 6．D 7．C 8．A 9．C 10．B 11．A 12．D 13．C 14．A 15．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。作者因发现自己80%的Instagram照片是孩子，而丈夫仅25%，经专家分析，得知男女使用社交媒体动机不同，女性更倾向借此维护社交关系，这让承担线上情感劳动的作者很愤怒。 1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我算了一下，我所发布的照片中，超过80%都是关于我孩子的。A. children孩子；B. work工作；C. addiction上瘾；D. hobbies爱好。根据后文“If social websites are for a simple game of showing off, these two are clearly my pride.”及“he loves the kids no less than I do”可知，“these two”指作者的孩子，由此可知，此处是指发布关于孩子的照片。故选A。 2．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：从某种意义上说，这似乎是很自然的事情。A. strange奇怪的；B. unnecessary不必要的；C. possible可能的；D. natural自然的。根据后文“If social websites are for a simple game of showing off, these two are clearly my pride.”可知，作者认为如果社交网站是用来炫耀的，那么晒孩子是“自然的”，因为孩子是她的骄傲。natural（自然的）符合语义。故选D。 3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，接下来我查看了我丈夫的帖子以作对比。A. information信息；B. development发展；C. consideration考虑；D. comparison对比。根据后文“In real life, he loves the kids no less than I do. Yet between his two social website accounts, they featured in only about 25 per cent of his photos.(在现实生活中，他对孩子们的喜爱程度丝毫不亚于我。然而，在他的两个社交网站账号中，这些孩子出现在他的照片里的比例却只有约25%)”可知，作者查看丈夫的帖子是为了 “对比”。后文将丈夫和自己晒孩子的比例进行对比，故选D。 4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：剩余的部分被分为两部分：a）他设计的厨房；b）他购买的黑胶唱片（前者是他的工作成果，后者则是他的个人爱好）。A. reality现实；B. remainder剩余部分；C. knowledge知识；D. visibility能见度。根据上文“In real life, he loves the kids no less than I do. Yet between his two social website accounts, they featured in only about 25 per cent of his photos.(在现实生活中，他对孩子们的喜爱程度丝毫不亚于我。然而，在他的两个社交网站账号中，这些孩子出现在他的照片里的比例却只有约25%)”可知，丈夫的帖子中，除 25% 晒孩子外，“剩余部分”是厨房设计和黑胶唱片。故选B。 5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，我们在网络上展现的自我所体现的平衡却截然不同。A. direction方向；B. balance平衡；C. reason理由；D. manner礼貌。根据上文“they featured in only about 25 per cent of his photos”以及“80 per cent of the photos I had posted featured my”可知，尽管现实中夫妻分担工作和育儿的比例相当，但线上呈现的“平衡”却不同。balance（平衡）指晒孩子与其他内容的比例，符合语境。故选B。 6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：塔林大学社交媒体与视觉文化专业的副教授卡特琳·蒂伊德贝格正在出版一本名为《性与社交媒体》的新书。她表示，这是因为男性和女性在社交媒体上分享信息时往往有着不同的动机。A. techniques技术；B. requirements要求；C. procedures程序；D. motivations动机。根据后文“When my husband posted a photo of Bruce Springsteen’s Nebraska on vinyl, his aim was”可知，丈夫和作者发动态的目的是不同的。故选D。 7．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：据蒂德内伯格所述，我丈夫发布那张布鲁斯·斯普林斯汀的《内布拉斯加》（以黑胶唱片形式发行）的照片时，其目的很简单。A. true真的；B. correct正确的；C. simple简单的；D. vague模糊的。根据后文“As the words on his post suggested, he mainly wanted the world to know that the 1982 album is: “so good”.(正如他在帖子中所写的内容所示，他主要想让全世界都知道这张 1982 年发行的专辑是：“非常出色”。)”可知，丈夫发黑胶唱片的目的“简单”，只是想表达“专辑很棒”。故选C。 8．考查动词短语辨析。句意：当我上传了一张我们女儿身着奇装异服正在吃鱼形饼干的照片时，没错，我这么做显然是在炫耀。A. showing off炫耀；B. taking on承担；C. setting out出发；D. looking aside别在意，无视。前文提到社交网站是“showing off”的平台，且“hoping her star quality might reflect on me”体现炫耀心理，故选A。 9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但蒂伊登贝格表示：“女性通常会将社交媒体当作一种工具，来维持她们的人际关系。”A. positions位置；B. services服务；C. ties结，联系；D. aims目标。根据后文“It can, meanwhile, say: “Hello godmother, who we feel guilty for cancelling on the other day”, “Hello cousins, who are now in Australia and feel a little disconnected...”(与此同时，它还可以这样表达：“亲爱的教母，对于前几天的失约之举，我感到十分愧疚”，“亲爱的堂兄弟们，你们现在在澳大利亚，而我却感觉与你们有些疏远……”)”提到发动态时会考虑教母、表亲等关系可知，女性将社交媒体当作维持人际关系的工具。故选C。 10．考查介词短语辨析。句意：换言之，一张五岁小孩穿着奇装异服的照片，并非仅仅意味着：“真棒”。A. at the beginning一开始；B. in other words换句话说；C. on the whole总体而言；D. by contrast相比之下。根据后文“It can, meanwhile, say: “Hello godmother, who we feel guilty for cancelling on the other day”, “Hello cousins, who are now in Australia and feel a little disconnected...”(与此同时，它还可以这样表达：“亲爱的教母，对于前几天的失约之举，我感到十分愧疚”，“亲爱的堂兄弟们，你们现在在澳大利亚，而我却感觉与你们有些疏远……”)”可知，“五岁孩子穿华丽服装的照片”换句话说，不仅是“很棒”，还隐含对他人的问候。in other words（换句话说）用于解释深层含义。故选B。 11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：蒂迪内伯格特意强调，她“并未对男女对于这两种内容类型的偏好做出任何本质主义的论断”。A. preferences偏爱；B. demands要求；C. support支持；D. search搜索。根据上文“she’s “not making any essentialist argument” about women and men’s”可知，Tiidenberg强调不讨论男女对内容的“偏好”本质差异。preferences（偏好）指对不同内容的倾向，符合语境。故选A。 12．考查固定短语辨析。句意：相反，她认为，一直以来，女性都被教导要负责建立和管理自己的社交网络：“她们被告知这正是她们擅长的领域。”A. unaware of不知道；B. afraid of害怕；C. present at出席；D. good at擅长。根据上文“they’re trained to take responsibility”推知，此处指女性被告知自己擅长社交网络。故选D。 13．考查副词词义辨析。句意：在遥远的数字化之前的时代，女性通常是家庭相册的保管者。A. unusually不寻常的；B. doubtfully怀疑地；C. typically典型地；D. contrarily相反地。根据后文“guardians of the family photo album”可知，在数字时代前，女性“通常”是家庭相册的守护者。typically（通常地）体现传统性别角色，与后文“even today”的延续性呼应。故选C。 14．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：蒂德内伯格表示，即便在当下，这种情感劳动的分担现象在我们现实世界的家庭中依然存在：“谁会记得别人的生日、给母亲送贺卡以及购买圣诞礼物呢？”A. emotional情感的；B. casual随意的；C. domestic国内的，家用的；D. physical身体的。根据后文“Who remembers people’s birthdays, sends your mother a card and buys the Christmas presents?”可知，家庭中“情感”劳动的分工持续存在，如记生日、寄卡片等。emotional labor（情感劳动）为固定搭配，指维系人际关系的情感付出。故选A。 15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：而我意识到自己还得承担起线上版的相关职责这一事实，却让我感到十分愤怒。A. denied否认；B. shifted转换；C. assumed认为；D. stressed强调。根据后文“responsibility for the online equivalent made me feel angry”可知，作者意识到自己“承担”了线上情感劳动的责任而感到愤怒。assume responsibility（承担责任）为固定搭配。故选C。 话题5 科学与技术 Passage 1 （24-25高二下·上海杨浦·期中）Most people don’t think too much about chemicals around us, but actually they are all around us. Many substances 1 chemicals, including the air that we breathe and the water that we drink. Some chemicals are natural, but most of them are 2 and may be harmful to the human body.   In 2005, Hurricane Katrina struck the United States and destroyed hundreds of thousands of homes, so displaced people had to move into temporary housing. Later, some of them began experiencing headaches and nosebleeds due to formaldehyde (甲醛) 3 .   This strong chemical is commonly found in the glue that holds many household products and presses wood furniture together. It has been classified as a carcinogen (致癌物) since 2011 and has been   4 to an increase in asthma and other diseases in children. It has also been   5 as a poisonous chemical in China.   6 , there is another choice: natural glues. In particular, ones made from soy proteins that have been modified to 7 the protein some shellfish use to stick to rocks. A natural glue is now widely used in composite (合成的) wood products in the U.S. Other companies are also developing more natural 8 to dangerous industrial chemicals. This is a part of the Green Chemistry philosophy.   Green Chemistry is a way of rethinking how to develop products and processes that are more environmentally friendly, better for people’s health and yet are economically 9 . That includes reducing processing waste, using renewable materials and lessening the energy required to manufacture products. The Principles of Green Chemistry 10 the goals of this approach to chemical research and the chemical industry. The first is prevention. It is better to prevent waste than to 11 it or clean it up. Another principle encourages less hazardous chemical mixture. Chemical reactions should be designed to be as safe as possible. Energy 12 is encouraged as well as using chemicals made from renewable plant-based sources rather than petrochemical ones. Attention also needs to be paid to monitoring pollution in real time and choosing and developing chemical procedures that are safer and that 13 the risk of accidents.   There are 14 in meeting and holding to the principles of Green Chemistry, but this will stimulate new research and inspire the discovery of new chemistry. Green Chemistry can decrease pollution and increase the 15 development of the earth, thus improving the quality of life for humans and animals for years to come. 1．A．make up for B．serve as C．match with D．consist of 2．A．artificial B．changeable C．distinct D．everlasting 3．A．consumption B．exposure C．infection D．pressure 4．A．applied B．linked C．committed D．subjected 5．A．eliminated B．criticized C．regulated D．measured 6．A．Besides B．Therefore C．However D．Meanwhile 7．A．assemble B．signify C．produce D．resemble 8．A．representatives B．alternatives C．portions D．methods 9．A．profitable B．traceable C．feasible D．available 10．A．lay out B．appeal to C．depend on D．go over 11．A．collect B．select C．treat D．suspect 12．A．security B．efficiency C．objectivity D．variety 13．A．highlight B．identity C．evaluate D．minimize 14．A．advantages B．requirements C．oppositions D．challenges 15．A．accessible B．invisible C．sustainable D．agreeable 【答案】 1．D 2．A 3．B 4．B 5．C 6．C 7．D 8．B 9．C 10．A 11．C 12．B 13．D 14．D 15．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了为了减少有毒化学物质对人体的危害，绿色化学致力于使用由可再生植物来源而非石化来源制成的化学品，减少化学物质的危害，促进可持续发展。 1．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：许多物质由化学物质组成，包括我们呼吸的空气和饮用的水。A. make up for弥补；B. serve as充当；C. match with与……相配；D. consist of由……组成。根据句中“the air that we breathe and the water that we drink”和生活常识可知，我们呼吸的空气和饮用的水是由化学物质组成的，由此可知，许多物质由化学物质组成。故选D项。 2．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：有些化学物质是天然的，但大多数是人造的，可能对人体有害。A. artificial人造的；B. changeable易变的；C. distinct不同的；D. everlasting永久的。根据句中“…may be harmful to the human body”和生活常识可知，对人体有害的应该是人造的化学物质。故选A项。 3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：后来，他们中的一些人开始因遭受甲醛而头痛和流鼻血。A. consumption消费；B. exposure遭受；C. infection传染；D. pressure压力。根据上文“temporary housing”可知，人们搬进了临时住房，由此可知，他们遭受甲醛污染，导致头痛和流鼻血。故选B项。 4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：自2011年以来，它被列为致癌物质，并与儿童哮喘和其他疾病的增加有关。A. applied应用；B. linked相关联；C. committed承诺；D. subjected服从于。根据句中“It has been classified as a carcinogen (致癌物) since 2011”可知，甲醛被列为致癌物质，由此可知，它对人身体有害，与儿童哮喘和其他疾病的增加有关。故选B项。 5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在中国，它也被规定为有毒化学品。A. eliminated淘汰；B. criticized批评；C. regulated规定；D. measured测量。根据上文“It has been classified as a carcinogen (致癌物) since 2011”可知，甲醛被列为致癌物质，由此可知，考虑到它的危害，在中国，它也被规定为有毒化学品。故选C项。 6．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，还有另一种选择：天然胶水。A. Besides此外；B. Therefore因此；C. However然而；D. Meanwhile同时。根据上文“This strong chemical is commonly found in the glue that holds many household products and presses wood furniture together.”和句中“natural glues”可知，上下文为转折关系，人造胶水有毒，然而，还可以选择无毒的天然胶水。故选C项。 7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：特别是，由大豆蛋白制成的蛋白质经过修饰，类似于一些贝类用来粘在岩石上的蛋白质。A. assemble集合；B. signify代表；C. produce生产；D. resemble类似于。根据上文“natural glues”可知，这种由大豆蛋白制成的蛋白质起到自然胶水的用途，由此可知，它类似于一些贝类用来粘在岩石上的蛋白质。故选D项。 8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：其他公司也在开发更天然的危险工业化学品的替代品。A. representatives代表；B. alternatives替代品；C. portions部分；D. methods方法。根据上文“natural glues”可知，上文列举了天然胶水代替人工胶水的例子，由此可知，句中指开发更天然的危险工业化学品的替代品。故选B项。 9．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：绿色化学是一种重新思考如何开发更环保、更有益于人们健康、在经济上可行的产品和工艺的方法。A. profitable盈利的；B. traceable可追溯的；C. feasible可行的；D. available可获得的。根据下文“lessening the energy required to manufacture products”可知，绿色化学旨在减少制造产品所需的能源，由此可知，绿色化学在经济上也是可行的。故选C项。 10．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：《绿色化学原理》阐述了这种化学研究和化学工业方法的目标。A. lay out阐述；B. appeal to呼吁；C. depend on依靠；D. go over仔细检查。根据下文“The first is prevention.”可知，下文介绍了预防是化学研究和化学工业方法的目标，由此可知，《绿色化学原理》阐述了这种化学研究和化学工业方法的目标。故选A项。 11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：与其处理或清理废物，不如防止废物。A. collect收集；B. select选择；C. treat处理；D. suspect怀疑。根据下文“clean it up”可知，我们惯常对待废物的方法，要么是处理废物，要么是清理废物。故选C项。 12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：鼓励提高能源效率，并使用由可再生植物来源而非石化来源制成的化学品。A. security安全；B. efficiency效率；C. objectivity客观性；D. variety多样化。根据句中“...using chemicals made from renewable plant-based sources rather than petrochemical ones”可知，句中介绍了环保的制造化学品的方法，由此可知，我们应该提高能源效率，这样能够节约能源，更加环保。故选B项。 13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：还需要注意实时监测污染，选择和开发更安全、使事故风险最小化的化学程序。A. highlight突出；B. identity身份；C. evaluate评价；D. minimize使最小化。根据句中“the risk of accidents”和生活常识可知，我们要开发使事故风险最小化的化学程序。故选D项。 14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在满足和坚持绿色化学的原则方面存在挑战，但这将刺激新的研究并激发新化学的发现。A. advantages优点；B. requirements要求；C. oppositions反对；D. challenges挑战。根据句中“but this will stimulate new research and inspire the discovery of new chemistry”可知，刺激新的研究的应该是我们面对的挑战。故选D项。 15．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：绿色化学可以减少污染，促进地球的可持续发展，从而在未来几年改善人类和动物的生活质量。A. accessible可使用的；B. invisible看不见的；C. sustainable可持续的；D. agreeable令人愉快的。根据上文“Energy ___12__ is encouraged as well as using chemicals made from renewable plant-based sources rather than petrochemical ones.”可知，绿色化学使用可再生植物来源，由此可知，它促进了地球的可持续发展。故选C项。 Passage 2 （24-25高二下·上海嘉定·期中）In its best days, a visit to the London Trocadero was the highlight of many tourist trips to Britain. Opened in 1896, it was one of the grandest restaurants in the world. After a long decline it 1 in 1965. Yet soon the Trocadero will be on the London tourist-map once again: a 583-room hotel has come back. It is a(n) 2 of the hotel boom currently under way in London. The number of hotel rooms has risen from 129,000 in 2013 to 149,000 today. Last year occupancy rates reached their highest in a decade and average prices were higher than ever. The hotels’ boom is 3 , given the competition from sharing-economy websites and apps that allow people to rent out their spare rooms to travellers. Airbnb, the biggest such service, has 4 hotel revenues (收入) in some American cities by as much as 10%. By comparison, the impact of room-booking apps has been 5 in London. Only 0.5% of Londoners advertise their 6 on Airbnb, compared with 2.4% of Parisians. One reason is that there is a 7 of reasonably priced residential stock near London’s main tourist attractions, which are occupied by offices and mansions. And according to a recent report by Citi, a bank, the growth of Airbnb listings in London and other big European cities is already 8 , meaning that Londoners’ spare rooms are unlikely to be able to handle much more demand. Hotels have also benefited from a change in the 9 of visitors coming to Britain. While the strong pound has persuaded many tourists to go to cheaper destinations, business travellers cannot avoid London so easily. So although tourist spending didn’t witness a(n) 10 in 2015, businessfolk rose by 7% in Britain compared with the previous year. Unlike holidaymakers who are willing to book a room in a stranger’s home on Airbnb to save a few pounds, most businesspeople are travelling on expense accounts and 11 to spend. Meanwhile their employers, with a duty to ensure safety, remain 12 booking spare rooms, which they fear conceal slippery stairs, faulty electrics and other hazards. This 13 hoteliers nicely. But not all of them. Business travellers may not yet be switching to Airbnb, but they are 14 their costs. More than half the new rooms built in London this year will be operated by budget brands. Even the once-luxurious Trocadero cannot 15 that trend. Having made its name a century ago selling nine-course meals to the upper classes, in 2017 it re-opened — but as a budget hotel. 1．A．evolved B．reopened C．boasted D．closed 2．A．advantage B．symbol C．origin D．criticism 3．A．sustainable B．nationwide C．surprising D．short-lived 4．A．forced down B．added up C．come from D．resulted in 5．A．explored B．promoted C．suspected D．limited 6．A．products B．discoveries C．tendencies D．properties 7．A．shortage B．possibility C．threat D．collection 8．A．beginning B．remaining C．slowing D．repeating 9．A．age B．gender C．type D．analysis 10．A．similarity B．increase C．difference D．decrease 11．A．happy B．reluctant C．careful D．sorry 12．A．certain of B．careful about C．expert at D．busy in 13．A．suits B．warns C．defines D．guides 14．A．looking up to B．cutting down on C．making up for D．settling down to 15．A．follow B．confirm C．explain D．escape 【答案】 1．D 2．B 3．C 4．A 5．D 6．D 7．A 8．C 9．C 10．B 11．A 12．B 13．A 14．B 15．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了伦敦酒店业正处于繁荣状态，尽管面临共享经济竞争，但受游客类型变化等因素影响，同时商务旅客成本控制促使经济型酒店兴起。 1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在经历了长时间的衰落之后，它于1965年关闭。A. evolved进化；B. reopened重新开放；C. boasted吹嘘；D. closed关闭。根据前文“After a long decline”以及后文“Yet soon the Trocadero will be on the London tourist map once again: a 583 room hotel has come back.”可知，在衰落之后应该是先关闭了，后来才又重新回归。故选D项。 2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是目前伦敦酒店业繁荣的一个象征。A. advantage优势；B. symbol象征；C. origin起源；D. criticism批评。前文“Yet soon the Trocadero will be on the London tourist map once again: a 583 room hotel has come back.”提到特罗卡德罗酒店重新开业，结合后文“the hotel boom currently under way in London” 可推知，特罗卡德罗酒店重新开业这一事件体现了伦敦酒店业的繁荣，是酒店业繁荣的一个象征。故选B项。 3．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：考虑到来自共享经济网站和应用程序的竞争，这些应用程序允许人们将闲置房间出租给旅行者，酒店业的繁荣令人惊讶。A. sustainable可持续的；B. nationwide全国范围的；C. surprising令人惊讶的；D. short-lived短暂的。根据后文“given the competition from sharing economy websites and apps that allow people to rent out their spare rooms to travellers”可知，因为有共享经济模式的竞争，酒店业还能繁荣，这是让人惊讶的事情。故选C项。 4．考查动词短语辨析。句意：最大的此类服务Airbnb，在一些美国城市已经使酒店收入下降了多达10%。A. forced down迫使下降；B. added up加起来；C. come from来自；D. resulted in导致。根据前文“the competition from sharing-economy websites and apps that allow people to rent out their spare rooms to travellers”和“Airbnb, the biggest such service”可推知，共享经济对酒店业有竞争影响，所以提供此类服务的Airbnb使得酒店收入下降。故选A项。 5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：相比之下，房间预订应用程序在伦敦的影响有限。A. explored探索；B. promoted促进；C. suspected怀疑；D. limited限制，有限。后文提到“Only 0.5% of Londoners advertise their ____ on Airbnb, compared with 2.4% of Parisians.”，说明Airbnb在伦敦的影响力不如在巴黎，即其影响是有限的。故选D项。 6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：只有0.5%的伦敦人在Airbnb上出租他们的房产，而巴黎人的这一比例为2.4%。A. products产品；B. discoveries发现；C. tendencies趋势；D. properties房产。根据前文“sharing economy websites and apps that allow people to rent out their spare rooms to travellers”可知，这里指的是伦敦人在Airbnb上出租他们的房产。故选D项。 7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：原因之一是伦敦主要旅游景点附近缺乏价格合理的住宅房源，这些地方被办公室和豪宅占据。A. shortage短缺；B. possibility可能性；C. threat威胁；D. collection收集。根据后文“which are occupied by offices and mansions”可知，旅游景点附近被办公室和豪宅占据，所以缺乏适合出租的住宅，也就是存在短缺的情况。故选A项。 8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：根据花旗银行最近的一份报告，Airbnb在伦敦和其他欧洲大城市的房源增长已经放缓$