Unit 3 Section Ⅲ Learning About Language-【新课程学案】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第二册教师用书word（人教版）

Section Ⅲ　　Learning About Language 　　语法项目——过去完成时和过去完成时的被动语态 The primary school in my village was built several years ago. It had been① famous throughout the town before I studied there. By 1978, the school had been changed② several times. By the end of last century, it had become③ a model school. When I graduated, it had won④ many honors. Before last year's anniversary of the founding of the school, most of its buildings had been rebuilt⑤ and it is now larger and more beautiful than ever before. [语法入门] ①过去完成时。主从句的动作都发生在过去，动作在前的要用过去完成时； ②过去完成时的被动语态。时间状语为by介词短语，表示“过去的过去”； ③过去完成时。动作发生在“过去的过去”； ④过去完成时。when引导的时间状语从句中动作发生在过去，主句动作在前，要用过去完成时； ⑤过去完成时的被动语态。表示动作发生在“过去的过去”。 [自主感知] ①(教材典句)Prior to coming to China, my only experience with Chinese cooking was in America, with Chinese food that had been changed to suit American tastes. ②(教材典句)When my family and I had just arrived in China, we went looking for a good place to eat in Beijing. ③Had you visited the Forbidden City before you came here last year? ④I hadn't finished reading the book by nine o'clock last night. ⑤What had you done before the boss made the decision? [会发现]　过去完成时及其被动语态的构成 种类 构成 匹配例句 (只填写序号) 肯定句 主语＋had＋过去分词＋其他成分． ② 否定句 主语＋had＋not＋过去分词＋其他成分． ④ 一般疑问句 Had＋主语＋过去分词＋其他成分？ 肯定回答：Yes, 主语＋had. 否定回答：No, 主语＋had not. ③ 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词＋had＋主语＋过去分词＋其他成分？ ⑤ 被动结构 主语＋had (not) been done＋其他成分． ① [规则点拨] 一、过去完成时　 过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或某一动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作或状态，也就是说动作发生在“过去的过去”。 (一)用法 1．表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成的动作或存在的状态。与过去完成时连用的时间状语常有：by＋过去的时间点；by the end of＋过去的时间点；before＋过去的时间点；还可以通过上下文的暗示。 ①By about 6000 BC, people had discovered the best crops to grow and animals to raise. 到公元前6000年左右，人们已经发现了最好的可种植的农作物和最好的可饲养的动物。 ②More than six hundred trees had been planted before last Wednesday. 在上周三前已经种了600多棵树。 ③They became homeless again，for their house had been destroyed in the earthquake.他们又一次无家可归了，因为他们的房子在地震中被毁掉了。 ④By the time my parents reached home yesterday, I had cooked the dinner already. 昨天我父母到家时，我已经把晚饭做好了。 2．表示未曾实现的愿望或打算，主要用于hope, want, expect, think, suppose, plan, mean, intend等动词。 ①They had wanted to help but could not get there in time.他们本来打算去帮忙，但没有及时赶到那里。 ②I had meant to come, but something happened. 我本想来，但有事发生了。 ③He had intended that he would come to see you himself, but he was too busy. 他本来打算亲自来看你，但他太忙了。 3．用于宾语从句中。 当主句为一般过去时，且宾语从句的动作先于主句的动作发生时，宾语从句要用过去完成时。一般用在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句中。 ①I wanted to make dumplings but found I had run out of flour, so I went out to buy some. 我想包饺子，但发现面粉用完了，所以我出去买了一些。 ②I quickly searched the crowd for the school's coach and asked him what had happened.我迅速在人群中寻找学校的教练，问他发生了什么事。 4．用于状语从句中。 在时间、条件、原因、方式等状语从句中，若主从句的动作都发生在过去，且有先后关系，动作在前的要用过去完成时，动作在后的要用一般过去时。 ①After he had finished his homework, he watched the TV.完成作业后，他才看电视的。 ②The first day I shut it off because I had placed it within arm's reach.第一天我把它关了，因为我把它放在伸手可及的地方。 ③People were moving around me as if they hadn't seen me.人们在我周围走动，好像没看见我似的。 [名师点津]　有时before, after引导时间状语从句时，主、从句表示的动作紧密相连，时间先后不明显，则主、从句都可用一般过去时。 After he closed the door, he left the classroom. 关上门后，他离开了教室。 5．过去完成时常用于某些特殊句型中。 (1)主语＋had hardly/scarcely/no sooner＋过去分词＋when/than从句(从句用一般过去时，hardly, scarcely, no sooner位于句首时，主句要倒装) Hardly had we arrived at the farm when we saw many oranges hanging from the branches. ＝We had hardly arrived at the farm when we saw many oranges hanging from the branches. 我们一到农场就看见橙子挂满枝头。 (2)It was＋一段时间＋since从句(从句用过去完成时) It was at least three months since I had left Beijing.我离开北京至少有3个月了。 (3)It was the first/second ...time＋that从句(从句用过去完成时) It was the first time that I had chatted online in English.这是我第一次用英语在网上聊天。 [对点练1] (1)用所给词的适当形式填空 ①By the end of last month he had_worked (work) in Shanghai for twenty years. ②When I got to school, I realized I had_left (leave) my schoolbag at home. ③She had_worked (work) on the farm for three years before she became a teacher. ④I had_wanted (want) to cook with you but couldn't get here in time. ⑤The pen I thought I had_lost (lose) was on my desk, right under my nose. (2)完成句子 ⑥We had_hoped_to_be_able_to come and see you. 我们本来希望能来看看你。 ⑦The moment he handed in his exam paper, he realized he_had_forgotten_to_write_down_his_name. 他刚一交上考卷就意识到忘了写名字了。 ⑧I had_intended_to_pick_you_up at the airport, but I had some things to deal with. 我本来打算去机场接你们，但我有一些事情要处理。 ⑨It was three years since we had_left_the_city. 我们离开那座城市已有三年了。 ⑩We had_no_sooner_set_out than a thunderstorm broke. 我们刚出发就遇到了雷雨。 (二)过去完成时与一般过去时的区别 虽然这两种时态都表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，但在使用时应注意以下几点： 1．时间状语不同：过去完成时在时间上强调“过去的过去”；而一般过去时只强调过去某一特定的时间发生的动作。 ①They had arrived at the station by ten yesterday. 昨天10点他们已经到达车站了。 ②They arrived at the station at ten yesterday. 昨天10点他们到达车站。 2．在没有明确的过去时间状语作标志时，谓语动词动作发生的时间先后须依据上下文来判断：先发生的用过去完成时，后发生的则用一般过去时。 She was very happy. Her whole family were pleased with her, too.Because she had just won the first prize in the composition competition. 她很高兴，她全家人也很高兴，因为她在作文比赛中获得了一等奖。 (三)过去完成时与现在完成时的区别 现在完成时表示的是延续到现在或同现在有关的动作，句中不可有表示过去特定时间的状语；而过去完成时表示的是过去某时之前已经完成或延续到过去某时的动作，句中可有表示过去特定时间的状语。 ①She had been ill for a week before she came back. 在回来之前，她病了一周了。 ②She has been ill for a week. 她已经病了一周了。 [对点练2]　(完成句子) ①I wrote back telling my teacher that his_praise_had_greatly_encouraged_me. 我回信告诉老师，他的表扬极大地鼓励了我。 ②The product has_taken_off since it was first introduced into the market. 这种产品自上市以来就很流行。 ③By the time I got up, my sister had_already_washed_all_the_clothes. 到我起床的时候，我姐姐已经把衣服都洗了。 ④She said that she_had_learned_English_for_years before she came to our school. 她说她来我们学校之前已经学了多年英语了。 二、过去完成时的被动语态　 1．表示过去某一时间之前已经完成的动作，强调动作的承受者，常与by, before等引导的时间状语连用。 ①Mark is a genius.By the time he graduated, he had been offered jobs by a dozen computer companies. 马克是个天才，到他毕业的时候，已经有十几家电脑公司给他提供了工作(机会)。 ②The classroom hadn't been cleaned before the teacher came.老师来之前教室还没有被打扫过。 2．在 told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词之后的宾语从句中。 They said the production costs had been reduced. 他们说生产成本已经降低了。 3．根据语意可以判断出在过去时间段中动作先后的被动语态，先发生的动作用过去完成时的被动语态。 As the assignment had been done, he went on to search the Internet. 工作完成后，他继续在网上搜索。 [对点练3]　(用所给词的适当形式填空) ①Jones got the idea after he had_talked (talk) with an elderly lady who had_been_cheated (cheat) of her money. ②The boy didn't remember whether his homework had_been_handed (hand) in. ③The media reported more than 1,000 people had_been_killed (kill) in the earthquake. Ⅰ.句型转换 1．By the end of last year we had built five new buildings. →Five_new_buildings_had_been_built_(by_us)_by_the_end_of_last_year.(变为被动语态) 2．Someone had broken into my house before I returned. →My_house_had_been_broken_into_(by_someone)_before_I_returned.(变为被动语态) 3．She had finished writing the composition by 10：00 this morning. ①She_hadn't_finished_writing_the_composition_by_10：00_this_morning.(变为否定句) ②Had_she_finished_writing_the_composition_by_10：00_this_morning？(变为一般疑问句) ③Who_had_finished_writing_the_composition_by_10：00_this_morning？(对句中主语she提问) Ⅱ.用括号内单词的正确时态完成下面短文 A cow and a fox went out to search for food together.They ①had_gone (go) only a few miles before they saw a lion coming their way.They were both very frightened.The fox ②thought (think) of a way of saving his own life, and went up to the lion and said in his ear，“I ③will_help (help) you get hold of the cow without the trouble of hunting him，if you let me go free.” The lion ④agreed (agree)，and the fox then led the cow to a hidden pit (坑), which a hunter ⑤had_dug (dig) as a trap for wild animals, and the cow ⑥fell (fall) into it.When the lion saw that the cow ⑦had_been_caught (catch) and couldn't get away, he ⑧turned (turn) his attention to the fox.He soon finished him off，and then ⑨went (go) on to eat the cow. Betray (背叛) a friend, and you'll often find you ⑩have_ruined (ruin) yourself. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $