2026年中考英语语法之定语从句课件

初中英语语法 定语从句 什么是定语从句？ The math teacher gave us too much homework. He is not coming to school today. The math teacher who gave us too much homework is not coming to school today. 什么是定语从句？ 在句子中起定语作用的从句。 The friend whom I often play basketball with is moving to another city. 那个我经常一起打篮球的朋友要搬到另一个城市去了。 The final exam which/that will be held next week makes everyone nervous. 下周将要举行的期末考试让每个人都紧张。 定语从句的结构 基本结构：先行词 + 引导词 + 定语从句 A doctor is a person who looks after a patient. 医生是照顾病人的人。 Nobody knows the reason why he didn’t come to the meeting. 没人知道她不来开会的原因。 即位于引导词前，被从句所修饰的名词或代词 定语从句引导词 关系代词：常见的有that, which, who, whom, whose等 关系副词：常见的有when, why, where等 一、关系代词 （1）which作引导词，代替前面的先行词，先行词只能是物，可作 主语、表语、宾语。 I like the picture which Steve gave you. 我喜欢史蒂夫给你的那张照片。 （2）who作引导词，只代替人，可作主语、表语、宾语成分。 The boy who is playing basketball is David. 正在打篮球的那个男生是大卫。 （3）whom在定语从句中充当宾语（动词宾语或介词宾语），只代替人。 作动词宾语 The lady whom we met yesterday is a famous writer. 我们昨天遇见的那位女士是位著名作家。 He is the man whom I want to recommend for the job. 他就是我想推荐做这份工作的人。 注意！ 在这种作动词宾语的用法中，whom常常被省略，或用who和that代替。尤其是在口语和非正式文体中。 作介词宾语（情况A：介词前置） 将介词提前，放在关系代词whom之前。（必须且只能使用whom ） The girl to whom you are talking is my cousin. We need to find a person on whom we can rely. 作介词宾语（情况B：介词后置） 介词保留在从句中原本的位置。此时，关系代词可以用whom，但更常用 who/that，或直接省略。 The girl who/whom/that/省略 you are talking to is my cousin. We need to find a person who/whom/that/省略 we can rely on. 总结！ 无论whom作动词宾语还是介词宾语，在口语或非正式文体中，都可用that/who/省略来替代；除非介词提前，那就只能用whom。 （4）that作引导词，既可指代人，也可指代物。可作主、表、宾语。 He is the man that I met yesterday. 他就是我昨天遇到的那个男人。 I like the cup that your mother gave you. 我喜欢你妈妈送你的那个杯子。 （5）whose作引导词，与名词连用表所属关系。 That’s the student whose father is a fireman. 他就是那位爸爸是消防员的学生。 I live in a room whose window faces south. 我住在一间窗户朝南的房间里。 The girl __________ is crying over there is my sister. （女孩在从句中作主语：The girl is crying. ） The man ______________ I met yesterday is my uncle. （男人在从句中作宾语：I met the man yesterday. 口语中常用who或省略） I like the book __________ is on the desk. （书在从句中作主语：The book is on the desk.） That’s the student _______ mother is a doctor. （学生的妈妈, whose作定语表示“…的”） 小试牛刀 who / that who/whom/that which/that whose 在以下情况中，关系代词通常要用that，而不用who或which： 先行词是不定代词时，如：all, much, everything, anything, nothing, little, few, none等。 All (that) I have is yours. 我所有的一切都是你的。 My dog is interested in everything that smells better than I do. 我的狗对所有比我闻起来香的事物都非常感兴趣。 先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。 This is the best movie (that) I have ever seen. 这是我看过的最好的电影。 This is the first piece of news (that) I heard today. 这是我今天听到的第一则消息。 只能用that的特殊情况： 易错提醒 先行词被the very, the only, the last 等修饰时。 He is the only person that can help us. 他是唯一能帮我们的人。 It was the last meal that I had in Spain. 那是我在西班牙吃的最后一餐。 先行词既包括人又包括物时。 He talked about the schools and teachers that he had visited. 他谈论了他参观过的学校和老师们。 You should remember everything about grammar _____ the teacher said in class. This is the most interesting novel ______ I have ever read. The only thing _____ matters now is your health. We talked about the people and places in Beijing ______ impressed us most during the trip. 小试牛刀 that (that) (that) that 二、关系副词 （1）when作引导词，表时间，在从句中作时间状语。 I still remember the year when you graduated from the No.7 Middle School. 我仍然记得你从七中毕业的那一年。 （2）why作引导词，表原因，在从句中作原因状语，先行词只能是 reason。 I know the reason why he left. 我知道他为什么离开。 （3）where作引导词，表地点，在从句中作地点状语。 That is the school where I studied 3 years ago. 那是我3年前就读的学校。 定语从句引导词 I’ll never forgtet the day ______ we first met. （在那天我们第一次相遇，从句结构完整，when作时间状语， 先行词是是时间名词time/day等） This is the factory _______ my father works. （在工厂里我爸爸工作，从句结构完整，where作地点状语， 先行词是地点名词place/school等） That’s the reason _____ he was absent today. （因为那个原因他今天缺席了，从句结构完整，why作原因状语， 先行词是reason） 小试牛刀 when where why 解题口诀 一看先行词是人还是物？ 二看成分主宾还是状？ 三看是否有特殊情况（只能用that）？ 四看宾语能否省？ 一看先行词是人还是物？ 人：who, whom, that 物/动物：which, that 二看关系词在从句中作何成分？ 作主语：用 who, which, that 作宾语：用 whom, who, that, which （通常可省略） 作定语：用 whose （表示“...的”） 作状语：用 when, where, why （分别表示时间、地点、原因） 三看是否有特殊情况？（只能用that） 四看宾语能否省略？（作宾语的关系词可省略） 初级用法（保底）：用定语从句合并简单句，使文章更连贯。 原句：I have a friend. He loves playing basketball. 升级：I have a friend who loves playing basketball. 高级用法（提分）：在文章开头或结尾使用较长的定语从句，展示语言能力。 例 (开头): The person who has influenced me most is my English teacher. 例 (结尾)：I will never forget the experience which taught me the importance of teamwork. 让你的作文 “亮”起来！ 定语从句的应用 提醒：宁缺毋滥！ 确保写出的定语从句是正确的。不确定时，退而求其次用简单句。 1.核心考点：关系词which和who的基本用法 which: 指代前面整个句子或一件事。这是最高频的考点。 He passed the exam, which made his parents happy. who: 指代前面的某个人。 Mr. Li, who teaches us English, is very kind. 2. 核心标志：逗号与that的禁用 认识到逗号是判断非限定从的关键标志。 牢记一条铁律：非限定从中绝对不能使用关系词that。 3. 核心能力：识别与理解 主要题型：在阅读理解和完型填空中准确理解其含义（which指代整句话是关键） 次要题型：在单选中，能够从选项中选出正确的which或who，并排除that的干扰。 非限定从的考查方向 总结！ 中考不要求复杂运用，只要求掌握which（指代句子）和who（指代人）的基本用法，并能识别其与限制性定从的区别（有逗号，不用that）。 3个核心 The book _______ has a blue cover is about Chinese history. who B. which C. what D. whose —Do you know the girl ______ is talking to our English teacher? —Yes. She is my cousin. A. when B. which C. whom D. who 练习 I can’t forget the day __________ we spent together on the farm. We are living in a world __________ is changing fast because of technology. The stories ___________ the writer told in his speech were very encouraging. that/which that/which that/which 练习 This is the school _______ I studied three years ago. that B. who C. where D. when Is this the museum ______ you visited last week? A. where B. which C. when D. what 练习 — Our volleyball team won the match yesterday. — Really? That’s great! This means we will have a chance to compete in the final, ______ is the best news I’ve heard this week. A. that B. which C. what D. who 练习 We all respect Mr. Zhang, ______ always helps us with our science projects patiently. A. which B. whom C. he D. who 练习 $