专题08 阅读理解说明文（期中真题分类汇编，人教版专用）八年级英语下学期

专题08 阅读理解（说明文） 主题01 人与社会——科普知识 Passage 1 （24-25八年级下·福建厦门·期中） A: Hello, Linda. What’s your favorite subject at school? B: I like science very much. And I like doing science experiments because they are interesting and they can make science easy and fun. A: Can you make an egg float (漂浮) in water? B: Of course, I can. Follow me to find how easy it is to make an egg. Materials ·1 raw egg     ·1 tall drinking glass    ·Salt ·Water    ·Chopsticks    ·1 spoon Steps 1. Fill a tall drinking glass with water. 2. Put one egg into the glass slowly and the egg sinks in the water. 3. Pour three spoons of salt to the water and stir. 4. Put the egg into the glass with the salt water, and the egg floats. Results The egg floats in salt water because the density of the salt water is higher than that of the egg. 1．What are the boy and the girl talking about? A．Food. B．Science. C．Weather. D．Color. 2．How many spoons of salt do you need when you do the experiment? A．One. B．Two. C．Three. D．Four. 3．What is right order of “egg floats”? A．④③①② B．④①②③ C．④③②① D．④②③① 4．Why does the egg float? A．Because the density of the egg is lower than that of the salt water. B．Because we pour too much water. C．Because the egg has gone bad in such a hot day. D．Because this is a plastic egg and it is a little light. 5．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．Put All One’s Eggs in One Basket B．Throw an Egg against the Rock C．Children Like to Do Science Experiments D．The Egg Float Test for Children Passage 2 （24-25八年级下·福建厦门·期中） World Water Day 2025 World Water Day happens on 22nd March every year. It is a day to think about why we need water and how to look after it. This Year’s Theme (主题) The theme for World Water Day 2025 is “Glacier Protection”. Glaciers are large amounts of ice and they’ re important. We look after them and stop them from melting (融化). They help to keep our planet cool and we get lots of our water from them. What Happens on World Water Day? On World Water Day, we think about all the ways that we use water and how we can use less of it. Why Is Water Important? Water is very important to all life. Humans, animals and plants would die without it. We need water to drink. We also need water to keep our bodies and clothes clean. All plants need water to grow. 1．What is the theme for World Water Day 2025? A．Water for Health B．Look After Our Planet C．Glacier Protection D．Water for Thirsty Countries 2．What can we know from the text? A．Less than half of our body is made of water. B．A drought happens when there’s too much water. C．Life and water have been found on the planet Mars. D．People are advised to save water on World Water Day. 3．What is the text above? A．A survey. B．A poster. C．A guide. D．A report. Passage 3 （24-25八年级下·福建厦门·期中） 阅读理解 Typhoons are strong storms formed by warm ocean water. When the temperature of the sea water is over 26.5℃, warm and wet air would rise and form thick clouds. Thanks to the Earth’s rotation (自转), the air around begins to spin (旋转). Once wind speeds reach 119 km/h, the storm becomes a typhoon. The strongest is faster than 252 km/h. ▲ The winds are so strong that they can blow down trees and damage (破坏) houses. People and cars may get hit by falling things. Also, typhoons bring lots of rain which may cause floods in low-lying areas. Here are some useful tips to keep safe. Before a typhoon, you can make some preparations. Make sure you close all the windows and doors. It’s also a good idea to have enough things like food, water, flashlights or power banks that last at least three days. During a typhoon, stay inside. Keep away from windows because the strong winds could break the glass and may get you hurt. Continue to listen to the radio or watch TV for news about the typhoon. After it passes, be careful. There might be fallen trees or power lines on the ground. Do not drink or prepare food with tap water unless you are sure that it is clean. Although typhoons may cause trouble, taking proper actions can cut down the loss (损失). By staying informed, preparing well, and following safety advice, we can deal with the natural disasters successfully. 1．Why does the writer begin the text by listing some numbers? A．To share a feeling. B．To give an opinion. C．To explain a fact. D．To offer an answer. 2．Which result may be caused by typhoons according to the passage? A．High temperature. B．Warm sea water. C．Low-lying areas. D．Broken windows. 3．Which is a proper action before a typhoon arrives? A．Prepare things you need. B．Clean all the windows and doors. C．Stay away from windows D．Make sure the tap water is clean. 4．Which sentence should be put in “ ▲ ”? A．Typhoons are important. B．How are typhoons formed? C．How do people face typhoons? D．Typhoons are dangerous. 5．What is the main purpose of the text? A．To list different kinds of typhoons. B．To explain typhoons and safety tips. C．To describe dangers of typhoons. D．To share a moving story of typhoons. 主题02 人与自我——情感与情绪 Passage 1 （24-25八年级下·河北省石家庄市第四十八中学·期中） Everyone has bad feelings, such as anger, worry, or sadness. But do you know how to deal with your bad emotions (情绪)? ●Breathing: Imagine that you smell a flower, and then blow up a balloon. Keep doing it and you can calm down. ●Moving: Do some exercise, such as jumping and running. Sweating helps you relax. ●Talking: Talk to others when you feel worried. ●Hugging: Hug your parents, friends, or your pets. They can make you feel safe. ●Drawing: Paint your feelings with color pens. Remember that you are the master of your emotions, so you should be responsible (负责任的) for your bad emotions. You know where the problem is, and next time you can do better. You will feel hopeful this way. Have a try. 1．Which way of dealing with bad emotions is NOT mentioned in the passage? A．Breathing. B．Singing. C．Moving. D．Hugging. 2．Who should be responsible for your bad emotions? A．Your parents. B．Your friends. C．Your pets. D．Yourself. 3．What is the purpose of this passage? A．To tell us how to keep pets. B．To tell us how to paint your feelings. C．To tell us how to calm down. D．To tell us how to deal with bad emotions. Passage 2 （24-25八年级下·湖南省邵阳市绥宁县城区联考·期中） 根据短文内容，从短文后面的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有一项是多余项。 Everyone may get angry. Many things can make you angry. When your teacher gives you too much homework, when your team loses an important game, when your friend breaks your favorite thing, you may get really angry. 1 For example, you breathe faster, your face turns red, and you may want to break something. In fact, it’s normal for you to get angry sometimes. 2 When you keep it inside, you may get some health problems. So you need to try to let it out in the right way, without hurting others or yourself. You can talk about it with other people. It’s really helpful to talk about the things that make you angry with other people, like your parents, teachers, etc. 3 Remember that what you do when you’re angry can make everything better or worse. So you should think carefully before you take action.   4 Try your best to control your anger! A．Many things can make you angry. B．But keeping anger (生气) inside usually makes things worse. C．When you talk about anger, bad feelings start to go away. D．Don’t let your anger control you. E．Your body will tell you when you are angry. Passage 3 （24-25八年级下·浙江省诸暨市浣江教育共同体·期中） 阅读理解 ①You probably know that thinking is good for the brain. It helps you do things like making plans and controlling your feelings. It can help you do better in different areas like school, sports and work. ②Do you sometimes talk to yourself when you think? It can be really awkward (尴尬的) if someone sees you talking to yourself. But don’t feel bad about it! Talking to yourself is good for you in many ways. ③When encouraging words come out of your mouth, it adds to self-confidence (自信心). A 2009 study invited 72 tennis players to take part in some matches. Researchers put the players into two groups: one group that said nothing while playing, and the other that talked to themselves while playing. They found that the self-talkers showed more confidence and played better than those in the silent group. ④Talking to yourself, especially in the third person (第三人称), can also help you deal with bad feelings. “Referring to (指代) yourself in the third person leads you to think about yourself more similar to how you think about others,” said Jason Moser, a professor from Michigan State University, the US. This can help you see things in a different way, especially when you’re feeling sad or angry. ⑤Self-talk also helps improve memory. Researchers tested four different ways to remember things: reading silently, reading aloud, listening to someone else read and listening to a recording of oneself reading. Those who read out loud could think of the information the best, researchers said in their study published (发布) in the magazine Memory. 1．For the brain, which of the following does thinking not help with? A．Planning a trip. B．Being good at basketball. C．Controlling feelings. D．Talking to yourself. 2．According to paragraph 3, what can self-talk help to do? A．Find out who the best players are. B．Develop a player’s skills. C．Improve one’s confidence. D．Change a person’s habits. 3．Which way of self-talk can help people deal with bad feelings? A．Is there anything we can do for her? B．I have tried my best. Just do what I can. C．What can Annie do to make the situation better? D．You are the strongest person I’ve ever met. 4．Which of the following shows how the passage goes? A． B． C． D． 主题03 人与自我——个人经历 Passage 1 （24-25八年级下·安徽省宣城市第六中学·期中） Technologies (科技) have the power to do many things. They can change the world we live in and the way we live, too. They make our lives easier. Here are some technologies that will probably change our lives in the future. Flying cars Space is running out quickly in some crowded cities. When there’s no space left on the roads, it is possible that we will drive cars in the sky. There are already many interesting flying car designs (设计) that show this future is a possibility. If it’s not flying cars, we might have other personal ways of travel. Jetpacks, for example, have been loved by designers and people looking for fun for years. Wearable screens In the future, you might not need to hold or look at traditional screens. There could be special devices (设备) that make screens appear on your skin, clothes or other things. These screens could work like touchable phone screens. They might even become a part of what you wear or be put inside your body. So you don’t have to carry a phone all the time, but you will have a screen with you wherever you go. Smart mirrors Now, picture a future where smart mirrors could tell you about your health problems. The only thing you need to do is take a quick look at the mirror. The information it gives could help you care about your health. Also, it could tell you how you’re feeling at the moment. Sounds great, right? No one can know the future. But whatever happens next, it will be great to live in a world with such wonderful technologies. 1．How many technologies are mentioned in this passage? A．one B．two C．three D．four 2．What does the underlined word “Jetpacks” in paragraph 2 refer to? A．A city. B．A car. C．A flying machine D．A road. 3．What might take the place of phones? A．Flying cars. B．Wearable screens. C．Smart mirrors. D．Jetpacks. 4．Smart mirrors could give you information about your ________. A．health B．job C．future D．phone. Passage 2 （24-25八年级下·浙江省宁波市镇海区蛟川书院·期中） Imagine you are going to give a speech the next day. The night before, you spend a lot of time thinking about the possible mistakes you might make and whether you’re prepared enough. Well, you might be overthinking. Overthinking means going over the same thought again and again, analyzing (分析) the simplest situations or events too much. According to scientists, overthinking comes from one of our primitive instincts (原始本能). The primitive mind will always see things in the worst possible light. Our brains are always looking for threats (威胁) to make a plan to deal with those threats and keep us safe. Some people believe that overthinking may be helpful because it helps us look at a problem from every possible angle (角度) and get ready for what might happen. However, research suggests that overthinking can make us stressed, worried and depressed. What’s more, overthinking might create problems with how you get along with others. As you think the worst, make incorrect guesses, or worry about every little thing others do and say, you might misunderstand their intentions (意图). So, instead of sitting and thinking about a problem again and again, you can distract (转移注意力) yourself for a bit. Your brain might find better ways to solve the problem while you’re doing something fun, like gardening (园艺), or even while you’re sleeping. Besides, recognizing (意识到) that you are overthinking can also help you make a change. 1．How does the writer start the passage? A．By discussing an event. B．By using others’ words. C．By giving an example. D．By listing numbers. 2．How can overthinking help? A．It helps people to stay hopeful. B．It can make threats go away. C．It can protect people’s feelings. D．It helps people see all possible sides. 3．Which of the following is a good way to stop overthinking? A．Lying in bed awake. B．Turning to another serious problem. C．Thinking about the same problems. D．Watering or planting flowers. 4．Which of the following shows the structure of the passage? A．①/②③④/⑤ B．①②/③④/⑤ C．①/②③/④⑤ D．①②/③/④⑤ Passage 3 （24-25八年级下·浙江省杭州市萧山区·期中） Just like a hungry brain craves (渴望) food, a lonely brain craves people. A new brain study proves (证明) this. And it also shows people’s brains become active as soon as people are left alone. While scientists know loneliness has something to do with depression (抑郁) in some way, it’s hard to tell the real relationship between them. “One way to know their relation is to look at how the brain responds (作出反应) to the time of being alone,” says Livia Tomoya, a scientist. She and her team workers got 40 volunteers. On the first day, the volunteers didn’t eat anything for 10 hours. On another day, they were placed in a room alone for 10 hours—no friends, no family and no social media. At the end of each day, they showed high activity in a brain area called the midbrain. The researchers were interested in two small areas in it. Both areas became active when hungry volunteers saw pictures of pizza or hamburgers. After the volunteers had been left alone, those brain areas became active when they saw some lost social activities. The midbrain plays an important part in people’s motivation (动机) for looking for food or friends. In fact, it responds to food and social signals even when people aren’t hungry or lonely. But hunger and loneliness increase the responses. One of the goals of studying people is to find out what our basic needs are. Nguyen studies the situation of being alone at Durham University. Humans are social animals, Nguyen notes. This new study, she says, shows social time is a basic need. 1．What does the underlined word “it” refer to? A．The new brain study. B．The lonely brain. C．The hungry brain. D．Being left alone. 2．How did Livia Tomoya study the relationship between loneliness and depression? A．By doing research on different feelings people have. B．By watching how brains respond to the time of being alone. C．By writing down volunteers’ life without social media. D．By comparing the volunteers’ ways of dealing with loneliness. 3．What does the third paragraph mainly talk about? A．Why people need friends and family members around. B．How the brain study was done and the results of it. C．Which part of the brain has something to do with feelings. D．What happened if volunteers were both hungry and lonely. 4．What is Nguyen’s opinion? A．People wish to be alone. B．Studying people is hard. C．Humans are social animals. D．Food is part of humans’ basic needs. 主题04 人与自然——环境保护 Passage 1 （24-25八年级下·浙江杭州闻涛中学·期中） Do you ever find yourself standing in front of rubbish bins, not sure whether the piece of waste in your hand is recyclable(可回收的) or not? To solve this problem, four Hong Kong high school students have invented a smart rubbish bin that uses AI to sort(分类) the waste. The students named the bin Waste Collection Point. Connected (连接) to a computer, the bin uses a camera to tell the kind of the waste it receives and sorts it into plastic, paper, glass, or other kinds. To make sure the bin can sort waste correctly, the team tested every product (产品) in the school shop and took at least 500 pictures of each one. “To train the AI, we had to take many photos from different angles(角度), so it has a better rate of accuracy,” said one of the students who built the AI system. The idea of the smart bin was born two years ago, when the students were in Grade Ten. At that time, people from the city crowded into their village because of the COVID-19. They left behind a lot of rubbish and caused more pollution. “All the bins were full, and there was even rubbish on the mountain,” the students said, “Every weekend, we had to join the villagers in picking up the waste.” The students decided to develop a special recycling bin that would encourage people to protect the environment. Although school ended at 2 pm, the team would continue to work on their invention until 6 or 7 pm at school. Even when their school was closed last year, they would still meet and work together online. “Our bin is now in its third generation（代）. Before finishing the university, we hope it can be widely used in the city.” The students said, “Then it will be easier than ever for people to recycle and protect our environment.” 1．According to the first paragraph we know the ________ of Waste Collection Point. A．price B．use C．size D．color 2．The underlined words “rate of accuracy” mean “________” in Chinese. A．精准度 B．参与度 C．知名度 D．流行度 3．This chart shows why Waste Collection Point was developed. Which is the missing part? A．the hit of the COVID-19 B．villagers’ encouragement C．picking up rubbish around D．help from the school 4．This passage is mainly about ________. A．four young inventors B．environment pollution C．the rubbish problem D．a new invention 5．How is this passage organized? (P=Paragraph n. 段落) A． B． C． D． Passage 2 （24-25八年级下·河北省邢台市第十四中学·期中） A mushroom-picking craze (热潮) is causing serious problems at Cangshan Mountain in Dali. This summer, hundreds of tourists have been coming every day to search for wild mushrooms. The large number of visitors is damaging (毁坏) the beautiful forests and threatening (威胁) the local environment. Reporters visiting in August found that many forest areas now show clear signs of damage from all the people walking through them. Some guides who lead mushroom tours don’t actually have proper training (培训). They sometimes can’t give right information about which mushrooms are safe to pick. Many tourists simply dig up mushrooms, take pictures with them, and then throw them away. On a single day, more than 500 people came into the mountain through just one entrance (入口). There are many paths (小路) where people search for mushrooms across the whole mountain. This searching and digging is harming the natural home where mushrooms grow. Environmental experts explain that mushrooms play an important role in nature. They help break down (分解) dead leaves and branches, which helps plants grow. They also provide (提供) food for insects and small animals. When too many people pick too many mushrooms, it can damage the whole ecosystem. It might take many years for the mushroom population to recover. Local officials have found the problem and they are now taking action. They have started limiting (限制) the number of tourists and have sent more patrols (巡逻) to protect the area. 1．What is the main reason for the environmental problem at Cangshan Mountain? A．There are too many tourists visiting the mountain. B．The weather has changed a lot this summer. C．Local officials are not doing their jobs properly. D．Many hunters hunt wild animals for food. 2．Which of the following is the benefit (益处) of the mushrooms? ①good for people’s heart                 ②break down dead leaves and branches ③protect the mountain from heavy rains ④provide food for insects and small animals A．①② B．③④ C．①④ D．②④ 3．What does the underlined word “recover” in paragraph 4 mean? A．To be fresh again. B．To get better again. C．To become worse quickly. D．To disappear completely. 4．Where is the text probably from? A．An ad. B．A storybook. C．A newspaper. D．A diary. Passage 3 （24-25八年级下·辽宁省沈阳市南昌初级中学·期中） Governments around the world are pushing for an end to plastic straws (吸管) and bags. More and more businesses are changing to paper products. Using paper products is considered to be better than plastic. However, it is harmful to the environment, too. Paper bags and straws are made from trees. Trees are good for the environment. They can slow down climate change. An increase in the use of paper bags need to cut down more trees. The production of paper things requires more energy and water. You might say that we can use recycled paper to save that energy and water. This seems to be a good idea. However, it takes even more energy and water to go through the recycling process than to make a newspaper bag. Paper products are heavier than plastic ones. That means they require more energy to transport (运输). Seven trucks are needed to transport two million paper bags, while only one truck is needed to transport the same number of plastic bags. The increased weight also leads to a larger amount of waste once the bags are thrown away. Paper products are actually a lose-lose for both the environment and businesses. They are more expensive than plastic products. A paper straw costs about 5 to 12 cents, while a plastic one usually costs only about 2 cents. The most environment-friendly way is to avoid single-use things. Products like glass water bottles can be used over and over again. They are much better than either paper products or plastic products. By increasing the use of these things you can greatly reduce your throwaway waste and truly make our earth a greener place! 1．What does the underlined word “it” refer to in paragraph 1? A．Using plastic straws. B．Using plastic bags. C．Using paper products. D．Using single-use things. 2．What does the writer think of the recycled paper? A．It saves energy and water. B．It seems not to be a good idea. C．It is better than single-use paper. D．It’s easy to make by recycling process. 3．Why does the writer compare the prices of a paper straw and a plastic straw? A．To show paper products aren’t good for businesses. B．To show paper products are better than plastic ones. C．To show paper products are pop lar among the businesses. D．To show paper products are harmful to the environment, too. 4．What is the best title of the text? A．Paper or Plastics? Either! B．Environment and Businesses? Either! C．Paper or Plastics? Neither! D．Environment and Businesses? Neither! 主题01 人与自我——健康与运动 Passage 1 （24-25八年级下·安徽合肥市五十中东校区·期中） You’ve probably heard how Chinese culture is truly rich and full of all kinds of ancient (古老的) and modern (现代的) ways to keep our bodies fit. One of the really wonderful ones is Baduanjin (八段锦), which is also called Eight Pieces of Brocade. It uses special breathing skills to improve both physical and mental health. Now let’s take a closer look at these Chinese exercises that have been helping people stay healthy for hundreds of years. Baduanjin is one of the most ancient forms of Chinese qigong (a system of deep-breathing exercises). It is famous for its health benefits. This qigong style centers on breathing by taking slow, deep breaths, and helps relax our body and calm the mind. Baduanjin started as early as the Bei Song Dynasty. It has a history of more than 800 years. In the beginning, it was developed as a way to improve the physical health of soldiers. Over time, it developed into a comprehensive (全面的) system of exercises practiced by both martial artists and common people. _________ such as improving physical fitness, getting better sleep, keeping a good mental state, and reducing (减少) stress. So people of all ages and fitness levels can practice it without any special tools or experience. Whether in the park or at one’s home, Baduanjin provides gentle yet effective (有效的) care for both body and mind. There are a total of eight movements in Baduanjin, each with its own special focus. The Eight Pieces of Brocade has been handed down through the centuries as eight short, simple sentences. Let’s go through them one by one. 1．Who can practice Baduanjin according to this passage? A．People in the army. B．Young people. C．People of all ages and fitness levels. D．People with special tools. 2．Which of the following can be put in the ________? A．Any traditional cultural activity in China can improve physical fitness. B．Let me tell you how to learn this traditional exercise. C．Baduanjin is a very difficult exercise to learn at first. D．There are lots of good things about practicing Baduanjin. 3．What’s the writer’s purpose (目的) of writing this passage? A．To show us the good sides of Baduanjin. B．To introduce an ancient Chinese exercise—Baduanjin. C．To teach us how to practice Baduanjin. D．To tell us the history of Baduanjin. Passage 2 （24-25八年级下·湖北省黄冈市蕲春县·期中） Do you want to be stronger, happier and healthier? Exercise now! Exercise makes your heart healthy. Your heart makes blood move to all parts of your body. There is O2 in the blood, and it can keep your body going well. To make your heart stronger, you need to do exercise, such as running, swimming and playing ping-pong. Exercise builds you up. It can make you healthy and strong. For example, climbing is good for you in some ways, but you must be careful when you do it. Doing exercise stops you from being fat. It will help burn (消耗) your fat. If you burn more fat than you take in, you’ll become thinner. When you’re happy with your build, you can still exercise to help you keep it. Exercise also helps you have a happy day. After you get up, you can exercise for some minutes. It’s a good start of the day. At the same time, you don’t need to do lots of exercise at a time. It’s enough to exercise for 30~60 minutes a day. Start exercising and you will live a healthy life! 1．How does the writer start the text? A．By giving a fact. B．By using a number. C．By asking a question. D．By giving an example. 2．How many sports does the writer talk about? A．Three. B．Four. C．Five. D．Six. 3．What does the underlined word “It” mean in the passage? A．Exercise. B．Climbing. C．O2. D．Heart. 4．Which of the following is NOT the writer’s idea? A．People can have a happy day after they exercise. B．Exercising can make people enjoy themselves. C．Swimming can make people’s hearts stronger. D．People should exercise as much as possible. 5．What is the best title for the text? A．Interests and Health. B．Exercise and Health. C．How to Keep Active. D．How to Choose a Sport. Passage 3 （24-25八年级下·河南省开封市顺河回族区·期中） Usually, your growth plates (生长板) are closed between the ages of 14 and 20. When it happens, you can do something. 1 . Change Your Eating Habits Having good eating habits helps your body grow. Build your meals around fresh vegetables, fruits and protein (蛋白质). 1 Fill a quarter of your plate with protein. And fill a quarter of your plate with complex carbs (复合碳水化合物). Fruits can be your snacks. 2 Protein can help you grow taller. Eating an egg every day is an easy way to get more protein. Young children who eat a whole egg daily may grow taller than kids who don’t. Drinking some milk or yogurt is also helpful. Change Your Living Ways Exercise 30 minutes daily for a healthy body. You probably know that exercising every day helps you stay healthy. Exercise builds healthy bones and muscles (肌肉), then it can help you reach your tallest height. Choose an exercise you enjoy. 1 . Have a good sleep every night so that your body can repair itself. During your daily activities, you may feel tired. 5 It also helps you grow in a better way. If you want to grow taller, develop good eating habits and live in healthy ways now! 根据材料内容，从下面五个选项中选出能填入文中空缺处的最佳选项，使文章意思通顺、内容完整。 A．Add more protein into your meals. B．Fill half your plate with vegetables. C．Make sure you get enough sleep for your body to get well again. D．So it’s easy and fun for you to keep doing it in your daily life. E．Good eating habits and healthy living ways may help you get taller. 主题02 人与社会——家庭关系 Passage 1 （24-25八年级下·浙江省温州实验六中·期中） 左栏是五位学生的烦恼，右栏是七则解决烦恼的建议。请将烦恼和建议进行匹配。并将答题卡上对应题目所选的选项涂黑。 1 Every time David answers the phone, people always mistake him for his mother or sister. He is tired of it. 2 Anna’s parents always lock her little brother and her at home while they are at work. She feels afraid. 3 Chris’s cat died in a car accident. It was his closest friend, and now he feels lonely. 4 Alyssa is always nervous during every maths exam. She seems to forget everything that she has prepared. 5 Justin’s classmate, Judy, stops playing with him these days. He tells jokes to her, but she doesn’t laugh. A．Everyone will be nervous sometimes. Take a deep breath before taking an exam. It usually helps. Practise more so that you will be more confident to work out maths problems. B．Make a plan to use your money. Don’t waste too much on anything useless. You can have a part-time job to make some money, too. C． You should say sorry to your best friend. Fighting cannot solve any problems. Try to have a talk with him. D．Have you done anything wrong? If not, have a talk with your classmate. There must be some misunderstanding. I am sure you will get on well with each other soon. E. Write down your miss about your cat so that you won’t feel lonely. Spend more time with your friends and family. Things have to move on. F. Don’t worry too much about it. You are soon getting 14 and 15. Your voice will get lower in pitch (音调) and start to sound more “grown-up”. G. Being alone at home might be fun. Play games with your brother or do something you like. Keep more lights on than usual. You will find it fun and safe to be home alone. Passage 2 （24-25八年级下·浙江省杭州闻涛中学·期中） Our parents are important people in our life. They are our first teachers in our life. They love us and help us all the time. But do you want to get on well with them? Here are some ways to help you to be happy with your parents. Have fun together How much time do you spend just enjoying being with each other? Ask your parents to play with you. Go outside together, try some sports or go to the movies. Be kind Little things may bring a lot to your parents. Make a meal for them by yourself and that makes your parents happy. Ask for help When you are in trouble or come across some sad things, you can ask your parents for help and advice. They will be happy to listen to you and help you. Have a try You don’t have to be the best, but you need to have a try. They will be happy to see you have the courage to make your dream come true. It lets them know they’re doing a good job in helping you grow up. 1．Why are our parents important persons for us? A．They teach us first in class. B．They love us sometimes. C．They always give us a hand. D．They are happy all the time. 2．How do you have fun with your parents? A．Read a book together. B．Help with housework. C．Tell them funny things. D．Go outside together. 3．The underlined word “courage” means ________ in Chinese. A．勇气 B．信心 C．力量 D．机会 4．How many ways did the writer offer? A．One B．Two C．Three D．Four 5．The best title for this passage is ________. A．How to Love and Teach Kids B．How to Talk with Your Parents C．How to Keep Happy with Your Parents D．How to Try to Be the Best of Yourself Passage 3 （24-25八年级下·河南省郑州市第四十七初级中学东校区·期中） Mom and Dad are two of the most important people in your life. Over your lifetime, they may influence you more than anyone else you will meet. So if your mom loves to read, you just might grow up carrying a book wherever you go, just as she does. But parents do a lot more than just pass on their hobbies. Moms and Dads need to care for their kids the minute their kids are born. Most parents will do this as long as they live. Here are some ways you can stay close, get along well, and build a strong relationship (关系) with your parents. Spend time together. Instead of playing computer games or watching TV, ask your mom and dad to play with you. Go outside together, or do some reading. Be kind. Little things might mean a lot to your mom or dad. You can brighten a parent’s day with a hug (拥抱), a card, or a joke. It’s also lovely when a kid cleans up his or her room without being asked. And if you try not to fight with your brothers or sisters, your parents will be so happy! Do your best at whatever you do. You don’t have to be perfect, but when you do your best, you make your parents proud. It makes them happy to see how you’re turning into a great kid. Why? Because it lets them know they’re doing a good job. 1．Who may influence you more than anyone else you will meet according to the passage? A．Teachers. B．Friends.     C．Parents.     D．Grandparents. 2．Which of the following can’t help you build a strong relationship with your parents? A．Spending time together. B．Being kind. C．Doing your best at whatever you do. D．Playing computer games or watching TV. 3．Your parents will be unhappy if you ______. A．clean up your room without being asked B．fight with your brothers or sisters C．try your best to do something D．give them a hug 4．The underlined part in the passage means “______”. A．they make you become a good kid B．they work hard C．they are perfect D．they do well in their office work 5．How many ways can you get along well and build a strong relationship with your parents? A．Two. B．Three. C．Four. D．Five. 主题03 人与自然——环境 Passage 1 （24-25八年级下·湖南省衡阳市船山实验中学·期中） The Sahara Desert is the largest hot desert in the world. It is about 9 600 000 square kilometers in size. This is almost the size of the America or China. The desert covers eleven countries in the north of Africa. The Nile runs through the Sahara Desert all year round. But there are also other rivers running through it seasonally (季节性地). The geography of the desert includes huge sand dunes (沙丘) and dune fields. Some of the sand dunes are 80 huge that they can even be over 152 meters high. But there are also other amazing landforms (地形) in different parts of the desert. It is very hot and dry in the Sahara Desert. The temperature there is usually 30℃. However, during the hottest months, the temperature can go over 50℃. Because of the high temperatures and poor conditions of the desert, only a few plants live here, just about 500 kinds. They also play a role in the number of animals. In the driest part of the desert, there are only 70 different kinds of animals. Today the Sahara’s population is around four million. They move from place to place through the desert. Because of this there are many different cultures and languages in this area. 1．From the first paragraph we can know that the Sahara Desert ________. A．is the same as America in size B．is almost as big as China C．is about 960 000 square kilometers in size D．covers eleven countries in the south of Africa 2．What does the underlined word “They” refer to? A．High temperatures and poor conditions. B．Some plants and animals. C．Huge dunes and dune fields. D．Languages and culture. 3．What can’t we know about the Sahara Desert? A．Its size. B．Its landforms. C．Its temperatures. D．Its future. 4．What can we learn from the passage? A．There is no water in the Sahara Desert. B．Only the Nile goes through the desert. C．There are only seventy different kinds of plants living there. D．The Sahara area is rich in culture and language. 5．Where can we find the passage most probably? A．In a storybook. B．In a sports magazine. C．In a geography book. D．In a health newspaper. Passage 2 （24-25八年级下·重庆市巴蜀学校·期中） Qomolangma is the tallest place on Earth. Here, you can see snowy mountains shining under the bright blue sky. You can also take a deep breath of the freshest air. The name Qomolangma means “Mother of the Earth”. It is also called Mount Everest. It stands on the border (边界) between Nepal and China and is part of the Himalaya Mountains. It is about 8,848 meters tall, as high as some planes can fly! Every September and October, hundreds of climbers from all over the world come here. The sunlight is very strong but it’s still very cold. So they wear warm clothes and sunglasses. They climb in groups to help and support each other. Qomolangma is always very cold and windy. Snow covers the mountains all year round. The wind never stops blowing. In winter, the temperature can drop to -60℃! Because of the coldness and the thin air with very little oxygen (氧气), not many animals can survive here. However, yaks (牦牛) are special animals that can live in such horrible environment. They are called “the ships of the highland”. Qomolangma What is special about it? What does its name mean? “Mother of the Earth”. Where is it? On the border between Nepal and China. How tall is it? About 8,848 meters. *It’s always very cold and windy. *Snow covers the mountains all year round. *The air is thin with very little oxygen. Which of the following can be put into No. 1 and No. 2? 1．A．It is a low and warm place. B．It is home to many animals. C．It is the tallest place on Earth. D．It is the coldest place on Earth. 2．A．When is the best time to climb it? B．What is the environment like there? C．How do animals and plants live there? D．Would you like to visit it there one day? 3．Why do climbers wear warm clothes and sunglasses? A．To follow the traditions there. B．To move faster on the mountain. C．To carry less weight when climbing. D．To keep warm and protect their eyes. Passage 3 （24-25八年级下·河南省开封市鼓楼区第三十三中学·期中） The Xisha Islands are in the northwest part of the South China Sea. They are beautiful places with nice views and many resources (资源). This is how our primary school textbook describes them. Many Chinese people know about the South China Sea and the Xisha Islands, but only a few have been there. These islands are far away and have a weak ecosystem (生态环境). Because of this, most activities there are just fishing, protecting the environment, and doing scientific study. Visitors are mainly government workers, fishermen’s relatives, and media (媒体) members. In 2007, the Chinese government set up Sansha City on Xisha’s Yongxing Island. I once visited Yongle Islands, part of Sansha. I thought the fishermen’s homes would be simple, but they were very comfortable. The island had a vegetable garden, and green vegetables were seen on the local tables. I stayed in a hotel with a playground downstairs. After dinner, everyone got together to play games. Later, I walked along the island’s paths, enjoying the sea view and peaceful moment. Fishermen told me they used traditional ways to fish. They knew exactly which fish could be caught because of their different sizes. As for smaller fish, fishermen released them back into the sea. One thing that I never forgot was an outdoor movie called Island Keeper. It was about a couple who guarded (保卫) the island for 32 years. Many fishermen were moved to tears. One fisherman said as life on the island improved, his family loved to stay on the island during the fishing season. He also drove a passenger boat, so he made more money even when he was not fishing. The careful management (管理) of the Xisha Islands limits (限制) tourism but gives job opportunities (机会) to local fishermen. 1．What does the word “them” in the first paragraph refer to? A．nice views B．the Xisha Islands C．many resources D．the South China Sea 2．What causes only a few people to visit the Xisha Islands? ①The islands are far away.         ②Not many people know the islands. ③ The ecosystem there is weak.     ④ The islands are used for scientific study. A．①② B．③④ C．①③ D．②④ 3．What does the underlined word “released” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A．looked for B．cut…down C．took care of D．let...go 4．What can we infer from the text now? A．Fishermen catch fish in modern ways. B．Fishermen enjoy their life on the islands. C．More and more visitors come to Xisha Islands now. D．The living conditions of fishermen are poor and simple. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题08 阅读理解（说明文） 主题01 人与社会——科普知识 Passage 1 （24-25八年级下·福建厦门·期中） A: Hello, Linda. What’s your favorite subject at school? B: I like science very much. And I like doing science experiments because they are interesting and they can make science easy and fun. A: Can you make an egg float (漂浮) in water? B: Of course, I can. Follow me to find how easy it is to make an egg. Materials ·1 raw egg     ·1 tall drinking glass    ·Salt ·Water    ·Chopsticks    ·1 spoon Steps 1. Fill a tall drinking glass with water. 2. Put one egg into the glass slowly and the egg sinks in the water. 3. Pour three spoons of salt to the water and stir. 4. Put the egg into the glass with the salt water, and the egg floats. Results The egg floats in salt water because the density of the salt water is higher than that of the egg. 1．What are the boy and the girl talking about? A．Food. B．Science. C．Weather. D．Color. 2．How many spoons of salt do you need when you do the experiment? A．One. B．Two. C．Three. D．Four. 3．What is right order of “egg floats”? A．④③①② B．④①②③ C．④③②① D．④②③① 4．Why does the egg float? A．Because the density of the egg is lower than that of the salt water. B．Because we pour too much water. C．Because the egg has gone bad in such a hot day. D．Because this is a plastic egg and it is a little light. 5．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．Put All One’s Eggs in One Basket B．Throw an Egg against the Rock C．Children Like to Do Science Experiments D．The Egg Float Test for Children 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．A 5．D 【导语】本文通过一个关于鸡蛋如何在盐水中漂浮的实验，展示了科学实验的有趣性和原理，也体现了孩子们对科学的兴趣。 1．细节理解题。根据“I like science very much.  And I like doing science experiments because they are interesting and they can make science easy and fun.”可知，男女生正在讨论的是“科学”及相关实验，故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“Pour three spoons of salt to the water and stir.”可知，需要加入三勺盐才能让鸡蛋漂浮，故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“1. Fill a tall drinking glass with water.  2. Put one egg into the glass slowly and the egg sinks in the water.  3. Pour three spoons of salt to the water and stir.  4. Put the egg into the glass with the salt water, and the egg floats.”可知，先装水(④)，再放入鸡蛋下沉(③)，然后加盐搅拌(①)，最后鸡蛋漂浮(②)，故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据“The egg floats in salt water because the density of the salt water is higher than that of the egg.”可知，鸡蛋漂浮在盐水中是因为盐水的密度比鸡蛋的密度高。故选A。 5．最佳标题题。根据全文内容可知，文中重点讲述的是让鸡蛋漂浮的科学小实验，故选D。 Passage 2 （24-25八年级下·福建厦门·期中） World Water Day 2025 World Water Day happens on 22nd March every year. It is a day to think about why we need water and how to look after it. This Year’s Theme (主题) The theme for World Water Day 2025 is “Glacier Protection”. Glaciers are large amounts of ice and they’ re important. We look after them and stop them from melting (融化). They help to keep our planet cool and we get lots of our water from them. What Happens on World Water Day? On World Water Day, we think about all the ways that we use water and how we can use less of it. Why Is Water Important? Water is very important to all life. Humans, animals and plants would die without it. We need water to drink. We also need water to keep our bodies and clothes clean. All plants need water to grow. 1．What is the theme for World Water Day 2025? A．Water for Health B．Look After Our Planet C．Glacier Protection D．Water for Thirsty Countries 2．What can we know from the text? A．Less than half of our body is made of water. B．A drought happens when there’s too much water. C．Life and water have been found on the planet Mars. D．People are advised to save water on World Water Day. 3．What is the text above? A．A survey. B．A poster. C．A guide. D．A report. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章介绍了2025年世界水日相关信息，包括日期、主题 “冰川保护”，阐述了水的重要性，还提及世界水日人们的思考以及一些与水相关的趣味知识。 1．细节理解题。根据文中“The theme for World Water Day 2025 is ‘Glacier Protection’”可知，2025年世界水日的主题是“冰川保护”。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据文中“On World Water Day, we think about all the ways that we use water and how we can use less of it”可知，在世界水日，人们会思考用水方式以及如何节约用水，即建议人们在世界水日节约用水。故选D。 3．推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章以介绍世界水日相关信息为主，包括主题、水的重要性等，内容简洁明了，具有宣传性质，更像是海报。故选B。 Passage 3 （24-25八年级下·福建厦门·期中） 阅读理解 Typhoons are strong storms formed by warm ocean water. When the temperature of the sea water is over 26.5℃, warm and wet air would rise and form thick clouds. Thanks to the Earth’s rotation (自转), the air around begins to spin (旋转). Once wind speeds reach 119 km/h, the storm becomes a typhoon. The strongest is faster than 252 km/h. ▲ The winds are so strong that they can blow down trees and damage (破坏) houses. People and cars may get hit by falling things. Also, typhoons bring lots of rain which may cause floods in low-lying areas. Here are some useful tips to keep safe. Before a typhoon, you can make some preparations. Make sure you close all the windows and doors. It’s also a good idea to have enough things like food, water, flashlights or power banks that last at least three days. During a typhoon, stay inside. Keep away from windows because the strong winds could break the glass and may get you hurt. Continue to listen to the radio or watch TV for news about the typhoon. After it passes, be careful. There might be fallen trees or power lines on the ground. Do not drink or prepare food with tap water unless you are sure that it is clean. Although typhoons may cause trouble, taking proper actions can cut down the loss (损失). By staying informed, preparing well, and following safety advice, we can deal with the natural disasters successfully. 1．Why does the writer begin the text by listing some numbers? A．To share a feeling. B．To give an opinion. C．To explain a fact. D．To offer an answer. 2．Which result may be caused by typhoons according to the passage? A．High temperature. B．Warm sea water. C．Low-lying areas. D．Broken windows. 3．Which is a proper action before a typhoon arrives? A．Prepare things you need. B．Clean all the windows and doors. C．Stay away from windows D．Make sure the tap water is clean. 4．Which sentence should be put in “ ▲ ”? A．Typhoons are important. B．How are typhoons formed? C．How do people face typhoons? D．Typhoons are dangerous. 5．What is the main purpose of the text? A．To list different kinds of typhoons. B．To explain typhoons and safety tips. C．To describe dangers of typhoons. D．To share a moving story of typhoons. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 4．D 5．B 【导语】本文首先介绍了台风的形成条件、风速等级等相关知识，接着阐述了台风带来的各类破坏与危害，最后给出台风来临前、来临时及过后的安全防护建议，全文旨在解释台风相关知识并提供安全提示。 1．第一段列举海水温度、风速等数字，介绍台风的形成条件和强度，这些数字是客观事实依据。作者通过数字来解释台风形成和等级的客观事实。 2．第二段提到“The winds are so strong that they can blow down trees and damage houses.”，第三段提到“Keep away from windows because the strong winds could break the glass and may get you hurt.”，说明台风会吹碎玻璃、毁坏窗户。 3．第三段指出“Before a typhoon, you can make some preparations. Make sure you close all the windows and doors. It’s also a good idea to have enough things like food, water, flashlights or power banks that last at least three days.”，说明台风来临前要准备所需物品。 4．空后内容主要介绍台风的破坏力，包括吹倒树木、毁坏房屋、引发洪水等，核心突出台风的危险性。 5．文章前两段介绍台风的形成和危害，第三段给出台风防护安全建议，最后总结应对方法，全文旨在解释台风相关知识并提供安全提示。 主题02 人与自我——情感与情绪 Passage 1 （24-25八年级下·河北省石家庄市第四十八中学·期中） Everyone has bad feelings, such as anger, worry, or sadness. But do you know how to deal with your bad emotions (情绪)? ●Breathing: Imagine that you smell a flower, and then blow up a balloon. Keep doing it and you can calm down. ●Moving: Do some exercise, such as jumping and running. Sweating helps you relax. ●Talking: Talk to others when you feel worried. ●Hugging: Hug your parents, friends, or your pets. They can make you feel safe. ●Drawing: Paint your feelings with color pens. Remember that you are the master of your emotions, so you should be responsible (负责任的) for your bad emotions. You know where the problem is, and next time you can do better. You will feel hopeful this way. Have a try. 1．Which way of dealing with bad emotions is NOT mentioned in the passage? A．Breathing. B．Singing. C．Moving. D．Hugging. 2．Who should be responsible for your bad emotions? A．Your parents. B．Your friends. C．Your pets. D．Yourself. 3．What is the purpose of this passage? A．To tell us how to keep pets. B．To tell us how to paint your feelings. C．To tell us how to calm down. D．To tell us how to deal with bad emotions. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，围绕如何处理负面情绪这一主题，介绍了多种具体的方法。 1．细节理解题。根据“Breathing”，“Moving”和“Hugging”可知，文中提及了呼吸、 运动和拥抱，没有提到“唱歌”，故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“Remember that you are the master of your emotions, so you should be responsible (负责任的) for your bad emotions.”可知，你自己应该为你的负面情绪负责，故选D。 3．主旨大意题。文章首段“But do you know how to deal with your bad emotions (情绪)?”提出如何处理负面情绪的问题，接着介绍了多种处理负面情绪的方法，所以目的是告诉我们如何处理负面情绪，故选D。 Passage 2 （24-25八年级下·湖南省邵阳市绥宁县城区联考·期中） 根据短文内容，从短文后面的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有一项是多余项。 Everyone may get angry. Many things can make you angry. When your teacher gives you too much homework, when your team loses an important game, when your friend breaks your favorite thing, you may get really angry. 1 For example, you breathe faster, your face turns red, and you may want to break something. In fact, it’s normal for you to get angry sometimes. 2 When you keep it inside, you may get some health problems. So you need to try to let it out in the right way, without hurting others or yourself. You can talk about it with other people. It’s really helpful to talk about the things that make you angry with other people, like your parents, teachers, etc. 3 Remember that what you do when you’re angry can make everything better or worse. So you should think carefully before you take action.   4 Try your best to control your anger! A．Many things can make you angry. B．But keeping anger (生气) inside usually makes things worse. C．When you talk about anger, bad feelings start to go away. D．Don’t let your anger control you. E．Your body will tell you when you are angry. 【答案】1．E 2．B 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了愤怒的表现、危害以及如何正确应对愤怒情绪。 1．根据“For example, you breathe faster, your face turns red, and you may want to break something.”可推知，此处描述的是愤怒时的身体反应。选项E“你的身体会在你生气时发出信号”与后文的举例形成逻辑衔接，符合语境。故选E。 2．根据“When you keep it inside, you may get some health problems.”可推知，压抑愤怒会带来负面影响。选项B“但把愤怒憋在心里通常会让事情更糟”与后文的健康问题形成因果关系，符合语境。故选B。 3．根据“It’s really helpful to talk about the things that make you angry with other people...”可推知，倾诉愤怒情绪能缓解负面感受。选项C“当你谈论愤怒时，坏情绪会逐渐消失”是对前文建议的具体说明，符合语境。故选C。 4．根据“Try your best to control your anger!”可推知，此处强调主动管理情绪。选项D“别让愤怒控制你”与结尾的呼吁形成呼应，符合语境。故选D。 Passage 3 （24-25八年级下·浙江省诸暨市浣江教育共同体·期中） 阅读理解 ①You probably know that thinking is good for the brain. It helps you do things like making plans and controlling your feelings. It can help you do better in different areas like school, sports and work. ②Do you sometimes talk to yourself when you think? It can be really awkward (尴尬的) if someone sees you talking to yourself. But don’t feel bad about it! Talking to yourself is good for you in many ways. ③When encouraging words come out of your mouth, it adds to self-confidence (自信心). A 2009 study invited 72 tennis players to take part in some matches. Researchers put the players into two groups: one group that said nothing while playing, and the other that talked to themselves while playing. They found that the self-talkers showed more confidence and played better than those in the silent group. ④Talking to yourself, especially in the third person (第三人称), can also help you deal with bad feelings. “Referring to (指代) yourself in the third person leads you to think about yourself more similar to how you think about others,” said Jason Moser, a professor from Michigan State University, the US. This can help you see things in a different way, especially when you’re feeling sad or angry. ⑤Self-talk also helps improve memory. Researchers tested four different ways to remember things: reading silently, reading aloud, listening to someone else read and listening to a recording of oneself reading. Those who read out loud could think of the information the best, researchers said in their study published (发布) in the magazine Memory. 1．For the brain, which of the following does thinking not help with? A．Planning a trip. B．Being good at basketball. C．Controlling feelings. D．Talking to yourself. 2．According to paragraph 3, what can self-talk help to do? A．Find out who the best players are. B．Develop a player’s skills. C．Improve one’s confidence. D．Change a person’s habits. 3．Which way of self-talk can help people deal with bad feelings? A．Is there anything we can do for her? B．I have tried my best. Just do what I can. C．What can Annie do to make the situation better? D．You are the strongest person I’ve ever met. 4．Which of the following shows how the passage goes? A． B． C． D． 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．C 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了思考对大脑的益处，包括帮助制定计划、控制情绪等，同时详细阐述了自言自语在增强自信、处理负面情绪以及提高记忆力等方面的积极作用。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“You probably know that thinking is good for the brain. It helps you do things like making plans and controlling your feelings. It can help you do better in different areas like school, sports and work.”可知，思考有助于制定计划、控制情绪，并在学校、运动和工作等不同领域做得更好。文章并未提及思考对自言自语有帮助，因此D选项是思考不能帮助的。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“When encouraging words come out of your mouth, it adds to self-confidence”可知，自言自语时说出的鼓励性话语能增强自信心。因此，自言自语有助于提高一个人的自信心，C选项正确。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Talking to yourself, especially in the third person (第三人称), can also help you deal with bad feelings...This can help you see things in a different way, especially when you’re feeling sad or angry.”可知，用第三人称自言自语有助于以不同的方式看待事情，特别是在感到悲伤或愤怒时，这有助于处理负面情绪。C选项“What can Annie do to make the situation better?”（安妮能做些什么来改善这种情况？）是用第三人称提问，符合用第三人称自言自语来处理负面情绪的方式。故选C。 4．篇章结构题。文章第一段总体介绍思考对大脑的益处；第二段引出自言自语这一主题；第三、四、五段分别从增强自信、处理负面情绪和提高记忆力三个方面详细阐述自言自语的好处。因此，文章结构为①/②/③④⑤。故选A。 主题03 人与自我——个人经历 Passage 1 （24-25八年级下·安徽省宣城市第六中学·期中） Technologies (科技) have the power to do many things. They can change the world we live in and the way we live, too. They make our lives easier. Here are some technologies that will probably change our lives in the future. Flying cars Space is running out quickly in some crowded cities. When there’s no space left on the roads, it is possible that we will drive cars in the sky. There are already many interesting flying car designs (设计) that show this future is a possibility. If it’s not flying cars, we might have other personal ways of travel. Jetpacks, for example, have been loved by designers and people looking for fun for years. Wearable screens In the future, you might not need to hold or look at traditional screens. There could be special devices (设备) that make screens appear on your skin, clothes or other things. These screens could work like touchable phone screens. They might even become a part of what you wear or be put inside your body. So you don’t have to carry a phone all the time, but you will have a screen with you wherever you go. Smart mirrors Now, picture a future where smart mirrors could tell you about your health problems. The only thing you need to do is take a quick look at the mirror. The information it gives could help you care about your health. Also, it could tell you how you’re feeling at the moment. Sounds great, right? No one can know the future. But whatever happens next, it will be great to live in a world with such wonderful technologies. 1．How many technologies are mentioned in this passage? A．one B．two C．three D．four 2．What does the underlined word “Jetpacks” in paragraph 2 refer to? A．A city. B．A car. C．A flying machine D．A road. 3．What might take the place of phones? A．Flying cars. B．Wearable screens. C．Smart mirrors. D．Jetpacks. 4．Smart mirrors could give you information about your ________. A．health B．job C．future D．phone. 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了未来可能改变我们生活的三种科技：飞行汽车、可穿戴屏幕和智能镜子。 1．细节理解题。根据“Flying cars”、“Wearable screens”以及“Smart mirrors”可知，共提到三种科技。故选C。 2．词句猜测题。根据“If it’s not flying cars, we might have other personal ways of travel. Jetpacks, for example, have been loved by designers and people looking for fun for years.”可推知，jetpack是一种个人飞行机器。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“So you don’t have to carry a phone all the time, but you will have a screen with you wherever you go.”可知，可穿戴屏幕可能取代手机。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据“The information it gives could help you care about your health.”可知，智能镜子能提供健康信息。故选A。 Passage 2 （24-25八年级下·浙江省宁波市镇海区蛟川书院·期中） Imagine you are going to give a speech the next day. The night before, you spend a lot of time thinking about the possible mistakes you might make and whether you’re prepared enough. Well, you might be overthinking. Overthinking means going over the same thought again and again, analyzing (分析) the simplest situations or events too much. According to scientists, overthinking comes from one of our primitive instincts (原始本能). The primitive mind will always see things in the worst possible light. Our brains are always looking for threats (威胁) to make a plan to deal with those threats and keep us safe. Some people believe that overthinking may be helpful because it helps us look at a problem from every possible angle (角度) and get ready for what might happen. However, research suggests that overthinking can make us stressed, worried and depressed. What’s more, overthinking might create problems with how you get along with others. As you think the worst, make incorrect guesses, or worry about every little thing others do and say, you might misunderstand their intentions (意图). So, instead of sitting and thinking about a problem again and again, you can distract (转移注意力) yourself for a bit. Your brain might find better ways to solve the problem while you’re doing something fun, like gardening (园艺), or even while you’re sleeping. Besides, recognizing (意识到) that you are overthinking can also help you make a change. 1．How does the writer start the passage? A．By discussing an event. B．By using others’ words. C．By giving an example. D．By listing numbers. 2．How can overthinking help? A．It helps people to stay hopeful. B．It can make threats go away. C．It can protect people’s feelings. D．It helps people see all possible sides. 3．Which of the following is a good way to stop overthinking? A．Lying in bed awake. B．Turning to another serious problem. C．Thinking about the same problems. D．Watering or planting flowers. 4．Which of the following shows the structure of the passage? A．①/②③④/⑤ B．①②/③④/⑤ C．①/②③/④⑤ D．①②/③/④⑤ 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了过度思考这一现象，包括其定义、来源、可能带来的好处与坏处，以及如何停止过度思考的建议。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Imagine you are going to give a speech the next day. The night before, you spend a lot of time thinking about the possible mistakes you might make and whether you’re prepared enough. Well, you might be overthinking.”可知，作者通过描述一个人在演讲前夜过度思考可能犯的错误和准备是否充分的情况，来引出“过度思考”这一主题。这是通过给出具体例子来展开文章的方式。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Some people believe that overthinking may be helpful because it helps us look at a problem from every possible angle and get ready for what might happen.”可知，过度思考可能有助于我们从每一个可能的角度看待问题，并为可能发生的事情做好准备。这表明过度思考能帮助人们看到所有可能的一面。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“So, instead of sitting and thinking about a problem again and again, you can distract yourself for a bit. Your brain might find better ways to solve the problem while you’re doing something fun, like gardening, or even while you’re sleeping.”可知，为了停止过度思考，可以转移注意力，做一些有趣的事情，如园艺。因此，选项D“浇花或种花”是停止过度思考的一个好方法。选项A“躺在床上醒着”、选项B“转向另一个严重的问题”和选项C“思考同样的问题”均不符合文章建议。故选D。 4．篇章结构题。文章第一段通过具体例子引出“过度思考”这一主题；第二、三、四段分别介绍了过度思考的定义、来源、可能带来的好处与坏处；最后一段则给出了如何停止过度思考的建议。因此，文章的结构可以划分为①/②③④/⑤。故选A。 Passage 3 （24-25八年级下·浙江省杭州市萧山区·期中） Just like a hungry brain craves (渴望) food, a lonely brain craves people. A new brain study proves (证明) this. And it also shows people’s brains become active as soon as people are left alone. While scientists know loneliness has something to do with depression (抑郁) in some way, it’s hard to tell the real relationship between them. “One way to know their relation is to look at how the brain responds (作出反应) to the time of being alone,” says Livia Tomoya, a scientist. She and her team workers got 40 volunteers. On the first day, the volunteers didn’t eat anything for 10 hours. On another day, they were placed in a room alone for 10 hours—no friends, no family and no social media. At the end of each day, they showed high activity in a brain area called the midbrain. The researchers were interested in two small areas in it. Both areas became active when hungry volunteers saw pictures of pizza or hamburgers. After the volunteers had been left alone, those brain areas became active when they saw some lost social activities. The midbrain plays an important part in people’s motivation (动机) for looking for food or friends. In fact, it responds to food and social signals even when people aren’t hungry or lonely. But hunger and loneliness increase the responses. One of the goals of studying people is to find out what our basic needs are. Nguyen studies the situation of being alone at Durham University. Humans are social animals, Nguyen notes. This new study, she says, shows social time is a basic need. 1．What does the underlined word “it” refer to? A．The new brain study. B．The lonely brain. C．The hungry brain. D．Being left alone. 2．How did Livia Tomoya study the relationship between loneliness and depression? A．By doing research on different feelings people have. B．By watching how brains respond to the time of being alone. C．By writing down volunteers’ life without social media. D．By comparing the volunteers’ ways of dealing with loneliness. 3．What does the third paragraph mainly talk about? A．Why people need friends and family members around. B．How the brain study was done and the results of it. C．Which part of the brain has something to do with feelings. D．What happened if volunteers were both hungry and lonely. 4．What is Nguyen’s opinion? A．People wish to be alone. B．Studying people is hard. C．Humans are social animals. D．Food is part of humans’ basic needs. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了一项关于大脑对孤独和饥饿反应的新研究，研究发现，孤独的大脑渴望社交，而饥饿的大脑渴望食物，两者激活的大脑区域相同，且社交时间是人类的基本需求之一。 1．词句猜测题。根据“A new brain study proves (证明) this. And it also shows people’s brains become active as soon as people are left alone.”可知，一项新的大脑研究证明了这一点，它还表明，一旦人们独自一人，人们的大脑就会变得活跃，所以划线部分指代前文提到的“a new brain study”。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“One way to know their relation is to look at how the brain responds (作出反应) to the time of being alone”可知，Livia通过观察大脑对独处时间的反应来研究孤独与抑郁的关系。故选B。 3．主旨大意题。通读本段可知，第三段主要描述了实验的设计和结果，B项符合。故选B。 4．观点态度题。根据“Humans are social animals, Nguyen notes. This new study, she says, shows social time is a basic need.”可知，Nguyen认为人类是社会性动物，社交时间是基本需求。故选C。 主题04 人与自然——环境保护 Passage 1 （24-25八年级下·浙江杭州闻涛中学·期中） Do you ever find yourself standing in front of rubbish bins, not sure whether the piece of waste in your hand is recyclable(可回收的) or not? To solve this problem, four Hong Kong high school students have invented a smart rubbish bin that uses AI to sort(分类) the waste. The students named the bin Waste Collection Point. Connected (连接) to a computer, the bin uses a camera to tell the kind of the waste it receives and sorts it into plastic, paper, glass, or other kinds. To make sure the bin can sort waste correctly, the team tested every product (产品) in the school shop and took at least 500 pictures of each one. “To train the AI, we had to take many photos from different angles(角度), so it has a better rate of accuracy,” said one of the students who built the AI system. The idea of the smart bin was born two years ago, when the students were in Grade Ten. At that time, people from the city crowded into their village because of the COVID-19. They left behind a lot of rubbish and caused more pollution. “All the bins were full, and there was even rubbish on the mountain,” the students said, “Every weekend, we had to join the villagers in picking up the waste.” The students decided to develop a special recycling bin that would encourage people to protect the environment. Although school ended at 2 pm, the team would continue to work on their invention until 6 or 7 pm at school. Even when their school was closed last year, they would still meet and work together online. “Our bin is now in its third generation（代）. Before finishing the university, we hope it can be widely used in the city.” The students said, “Then it will be easier than ever for people to recycle and protect our environment.” 1．According to the first paragraph we know the ________ of Waste Collection Point. A．price B．use C．size D．color 2．The underlined words “rate of accuracy” mean “________” in Chinese. A．精准度 B．参与度 C．知名度 D．流行度 3．This chart shows why Waste Collection Point was developed. Which is the missing part? A．the hit of the COVID-19 B．villagers’ encouragement C．picking up rubbish around D．help from the school 4．This passage is mainly about ________. A．four young inventors B．environment pollution C．the rubbish problem D．a new invention 5．How is this passage organized? (P=Paragraph n. 段落) A． B． C． D． 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．D 5．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了四个香港中学生发明的智能垃圾箱。 1．细节理解题。根据“Do you ever find yourself standing in front of rubbish bins, not sure whether the piece of waste in your hand is recyclable( 可回收的 ) or not?...The students named the bin Waste Collection Point.”可知，根据第一段，我们可以知道Waste Collection Point的用途。故选B。 2．词句猜测题。根据其中一个学生所说的话“‘To train the AI, we had to take many photos from different angles(角度), so it has a better rate of accuracy,’”可知，为了训练AI，学生们必须从不同的角度拍摄照片，由此可推知，这样做的目的是为了使AI有更好的精准度。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据“‘All the bins were full, and there was even rubbish on the mountain,’ the students said, ‘Every weekend, we had to join the villagers in picking up the waste.’”可知，垃圾箱满了，到处都是垃圾，每个星期，学生们都必须加入村民一起捡垃圾。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。根据“To solve this problem, four Hong Kong high school students have invented a smart rubbish bin that uses AI to sort( 分类 ) the waste. The students named the bin Waste Collection Point.”及全文内容可知，文章主要是围绕四个香港学生的新发明展开。故选D。 5．篇章结构题。根据全文内容可知，第一段主要是引出文章主题，第二段主要介绍Waste Collection Point的工作原理及学生们是如何提升它的精确度的，第三、四、五段主要介绍这几个学生为什么会想到发明这个垃圾箱，最后一段主要介绍了学生的愿望。故选B。 Passage 2 （24-25八年级下·河北省邢台市第十四中学·期中） A mushroom-picking craze (热潮) is causing serious problems at Cangshan Mountain in Dali. This summer, hundreds of tourists have been coming every day to search for wild mushrooms. The large number of visitors is damaging (毁坏) the beautiful forests and threatening (威胁) the local environment. Reporters visiting in August found that many forest areas now show clear signs of damage from all the people walking through them. Some guides who lead mushroom tours don’t actually have proper training (培训). They sometimes can’t give right information about which mushrooms are safe to pick. Many tourists simply dig up mushrooms, take pictures with them, and then throw them away. On a single day, more than 500 people came into the mountain through just one entrance (入口). There are many paths (小路) where people search for mushrooms across the whole mountain. This searching and digging is harming the natural home where mushrooms grow. Environmental experts explain that mushrooms play an important role in nature. They help break down (分解) dead leaves and branches, which helps plants grow. They also provide (提供) food for insects and small animals. When too many people pick too many mushrooms, it can damage the whole ecosystem. It might take many years for the mushroom population to recover. Local officials have found the problem and they are now taking action. They have started limiting (限制) the number of tourists and have sent more patrols (巡逻) to protect the area. 1．What is the main reason for the environmental problem at Cangshan Mountain? A．There are too many tourists visiting the mountain. B．The weather has changed a lot this summer. C．Local officials are not doing their jobs properly. D．Many hunters hunt wild animals for food. 2．Which of the following is the benefit (益处) of the mushrooms? ①good for people’s heart                 ②break down dead leaves and branches ③protect the mountain from heavy rains ④provide food for insects and small animals A．①② B．③④ C．①④ D．②④ 3．What does the underlined word “recover” in paragraph 4 mean? A．To be fresh again. B．To get better again. C．To become worse quickly. D．To disappear completely. 4．Where is the text probably from? A．An ad. B．A storybook. C．A newspaper. D．A diary. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文主要讲述了大理苍山因采蘑菇热潮引发的环境问题、蘑菇的生态作用及当地官方的应对措施。 1．细节理解题。根据“This summer, hundreds of tourists have been coming every day to search for wild mushrooms. The large number of visitors is damaging (毁坏) the beautiful forests and threatening (威胁) the local environment.”可知，苍山环境问题的主要原因是大量游客涌入。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“Environmental experts explain that mushrooms play an important role in nature. They help break down (分解) dead leaves and branches, which helps plants grow. They also provide (提供) food for insects and small animals.”可知，蘑菇的益处包括分解枯叶和树枝及为昆虫和小动物提供食物。故选D。 3．词句猜测题。根据“When too many people pick too many mushrooms, it can damage the whole ecosystem. It might take many years for the mushroom population to recover.”可知，过度采摘蘑菇会破坏生态系统，蘑菇数量需要多年才能“恢复”，所以“recover”的意思是“再次变好”。故选B。 4．推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文围绕苍山采蘑菇热潮引发的环境问题展开，最有可能在报纸的新闻板块。故选C。 Passage 3 （24-25八年级下·辽宁省沈阳市南昌初级中学·期中） Governments around the world are pushing for an end to plastic straws (吸管) and bags. More and more businesses are changing to paper products. Using paper products is considered to be better than plastic. However, it is harmful to the environment, too. Paper bags and straws are made from trees. Trees are good for the environment. They can slow down climate change. An increase in the use of paper bags need to cut down more trees. The production of paper things requires more energy and water. You might say that we can use recycled paper to save that energy and water. This seems to be a good idea. However, it takes even more energy and water to go through the recycling process than to make a newspaper bag. Paper products are heavier than plastic ones. That means they require more energy to transport (运输). Seven trucks are needed to transport two million paper bags, while only one truck is needed to transport the same number of plastic bags. The increased weight also leads to a larger amount of waste once the bags are thrown away. Paper products are actually a lose-lose for both the environment and businesses. They are more expensive than plastic products. A paper straw costs about 5 to 12 cents, while a plastic one usually costs only about 2 cents. The most environment-friendly way is to avoid single-use things. Products like glass water bottles can be used over and over again. They are much better than either paper products or plastic products. By increasing the use of these things you can greatly reduce your throwaway waste and truly make our earth a greener place! 1．What does the underlined word “it” refer to in paragraph 1? A．Using plastic straws. B．Using plastic bags. C．Using paper products. D．Using single-use things. 2．What does the writer think of the recycled paper? A．It saves energy and water. B．It seems not to be a good idea. C．It is better than single-use paper. D．It’s easy to make by recycling process. 3．Why does the writer compare the prices of a paper straw and a plastic straw? A．To show paper products aren’t good for businesses. B．To show paper products are better than plastic ones. C．To show paper products are pop lar among the businesses. D．To show paper products are harmful to the environment, too. 4．What is the best title of the text? A．Paper or Plastics? Either! B．Environment and Businesses? Either! C．Paper or Plastics? Neither! D．Environment and Businesses? Neither! 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章主要讨论了纸质产品和塑料产品对环境的影响。 1．词句猜测题。根据文中“Using paper products is considered to be better than plastic. However, it is harmful to the environment, too.”可知，前文提到使用纸质产品被认为比塑料好，接着用“However”转折，说“它”对环境也有害，这里“it”指代的就是“Using paper products”。故选C。 2．观点态度题。根据文中“You might say that we can use recycled paper to save that energy and water. This seems to be a good idea. However, it takes even more energy and water to go through the recycling process than to make a newspaper bag.”可知，你可能会说可以用再生纸节省能源和水，这看似是个好主意，但回收过程比制作纸袋耗费更多能源和水，所以作者认为使用再生纸看似不是个好主意。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据文中“Paper products are actually a lose-lose for both the environment and businesses. They are more expensive than plastic products. A paper straw costs about 5 to 12 cents, while a plastic one usually costs only about 2 cents.”可知，纸质产品对环境和企业来说实际上是双输，它们比塑料产品贵，通过对比纸吸管和塑料吸管的价格，是为了表明纸质产品对企业不利。故选A。 4．最佳标题题。文章指出纸质产品和塑料产品都对环境有不利影响，最环保的方式是避免使用一次性用品，即两者都不选，“Paper or Plastics? Neither!”（纸还是塑料？都不是！）能很好地体现文章主旨。故选C。 主题01 人与自我——健康与运动 Passage 1 （24-25八年级下·安徽合肥市五十中东校区·期中） You’ve probably heard how Chinese culture is truly rich and full of all kinds of ancient (古老的) and modern (现代的) ways to keep our bodies fit. One of the really wonderful ones is Baduanjin (八段锦), which is also called Eight Pieces of Brocade. It uses special breathing skills to improve both physical and mental health. Now let’s take a closer look at these Chinese exercises that have been helping people stay healthy for hundreds of years. Baduanjin is one of the most ancient forms of Chinese qigong (a system of deep-breathing exercises). It is famous for its health benefits. This qigong style centers on breathing by taking slow, deep breaths, and helps relax our body and calm the mind. Baduanjin started as early as the Bei Song Dynasty. It has a history of more than 800 years. In the beginning, it was developed as a way to improve the physical health of soldiers. Over time, it developed into a comprehensive (全面的) system of exercises practiced by both martial artists and common people. _________ such as improving physical fitness, getting better sleep, keeping a good mental state, and reducing (减少) stress. So people of all ages and fitness levels can practice it without any special tools or experience. Whether in the park or at one’s home, Baduanjin provides gentle yet effective (有效的) care for both body and mind. There are a total of eight movements in Baduanjin, each with its own special focus. The Eight Pieces of Brocade has been handed down through the centuries as eight short, simple sentences. Let’s go through them one by one. 1．Who can practice Baduanjin according to this passage? A．People in the army. B．Young people. C．People of all ages and fitness levels. D．People with special tools. 2．Which of the following can be put in the ________? A．Any traditional cultural activity in China can improve physical fitness. B．Let me tell you how to learn this traditional exercise. C．Baduanjin is a very difficult exercise to learn at first. D．There are lots of good things about practicing Baduanjin. 3．What’s the writer’s purpose (目的) of writing this passage? A．To show us the good sides of Baduanjin. B．To introduce an ancient Chinese exercise—Baduanjin. C．To teach us how to practice Baduanjin. D．To tell us the history of Baduanjin. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 【导语】本文介绍中国古老健身功法八段锦，属中国气功，借特殊呼吸技巧改善身心健康。 1．细节理解题。根据“So people of all ages and fitness levels can practice it without any special tools or experience.”可知，各年龄段、不同体能水平的人都能练八段锦。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据“such as improving physical fitness, getting better sleep, keeping a good mental state, and reducing (减少) stress. So people of all ages and fitness levels can practice it without any special tools or experience. Whether in the park or at one’s home, Baduanjin provides gentle yet effective (有效的) care for both body and mind.”可知，空后讲八段锦在提升身体素质、改善睡眠、保持良好精神状态、减压等方面的好处，D选项“练习八段锦有很多益处”符合题意。故选D。 3．主旨大意题。通读原文可知，文章从八段锦的基本信息、历史、益处、练习人群适配性等方面，整体介绍了这一古老中国健身功法，B选项“介绍一种古老的中国运动——八段锦”符合题意。故选B。 Passage 2 （24-25八年级下·湖北省黄冈市蕲春县·期中） Do you want to be stronger, happier and healthier? Exercise now! Exercise makes your heart healthy. Your heart makes blood move to all parts of your body. There is O2 in the blood, and it can keep your body going well. To make your heart stronger, you need to do exercise, such as running, swimming and playing ping-pong. Exercise builds you up. It can make you healthy and strong. For example, climbing is good for you in some ways, but you must be careful when you do it. Doing exercise stops you from being fat. It will help burn (消耗) your fat. If you burn more fat than you take in, you’ll become thinner. When you’re happy with your build, you can still exercise to help you keep it. Exercise also helps you have a happy day. After you get up, you can exercise for some minutes. It’s a good start of the day. At the same time, you don’t need to do lots of exercise at a time. It’s enough to exercise for 30~60 minutes a day. Start exercising and you will live a healthy life! 1．How does the writer start the text? A．By giving a fact. B．By using a number. C．By asking a question. D．By giving an example. 2．How many sports does the writer talk about? A．Three. B．Four. C．Five. D．Six. 3．What does the underlined word “It” mean in the passage? A．Exercise. B．Climbing. C．O2. D．Heart. 4．Which of the following is NOT the writer’s idea? A．People can have a happy day after they exercise. B．Exercising can make people enjoy themselves. C．Swimming can make people’s hearts stronger. D．People should exercise as much as possible. 5．What is the best title for the text? A．Interests and Health. B．Exercise and Health. C．How to Keep Active. D．How to Choose a Sport. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．D 5．B 【导语】本文介绍了锻炼对健康的益处，包括强健心脏、增强体质、防止肥胖和带来快乐。 1．细节理解题。根据“Do you want to be stronger, happier and healthier? Exercise now!”可知，作者通过提问来吸引读者注意。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据“such as running, swimming and playing ping-pong”以及“climbing is good for you”可知，文章提到了四种运动。故选B。 3．词句猜测题。根据“Exercise builds you up. It can make you healthy and strong.”可知，“It”指代前一句的主语“Exercise”，意思是“锻炼能使你健康强壮”。故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据“you don’t need to do lots of exercise at a time. It’s enough to exercise for 30~60 minutes a day”可知，不需要一次锻炼太多，每天30-60分钟就够，因此作者主张适量锻炼，选项D“人们应该尽可能多地锻炼”描述错误。故选D。 5．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，文章主题是锻炼对健康的益处，包括强健心脏、增强体质、防止肥胖和带来快乐。选项B“锻炼与健康”最适合作为文章标题。故选B。 Passage 3 （24-25八年级下·河南省开封市顺河回族区·期中） Usually, your growth plates (生长板) are closed between the ages of 14 and 20. When it happens, you can do something. 1 . Change Your Eating Habits Having good eating habits helps your body grow. Build your meals around fresh vegetables, fruits and protein (蛋白质). 1 Fill a quarter of your plate with protein. And fill a quarter of your plate with complex carbs (复合碳水化合物). Fruits can be your snacks. 2 Protein can help you grow taller. Eating an egg every day is an easy way to get more protein. Young children who eat a whole egg daily may grow taller than kids who don’t. Drinking some milk or yogurt is also helpful. Change Your Living Ways Exercise 30 minutes daily for a healthy body. You probably know that exercising every day helps you stay healthy. Exercise builds healthy bones and muscles (肌肉), then it can help you reach your tallest height. Choose an exercise you enjoy. 1 . Have a good sleep every night so that your body can repair itself. During your daily activities, you may feel tired. 5 It also helps you grow in a better way. If you want to grow taller, develop good eating habits and live in healthy ways now! 根据材料内容，从下面五个选项中选出能填入文中空缺处的最佳选项，使文章意思通顺、内容完整。 A．Add more protein into your meals. B．Fill half your plate with vegetables. C．Make sure you get enough sleep for your body to get well again. D．So it’s easy and fun for you to keep doing it in your daily life. E．Good eating habits and healthy living ways may help you get taller. 【答案】1．E 2．B 3．A 4．D 5．C 【导语】本文主要讲了若想长高，应从改变饮食习惯（如合理搭配饮食、增加蛋白质摄入等）和生活方式（如每天锻炼、保证充足睡眠等）方面入手。 1．根据“Usually, your growth plates are closed between the ages of 14 and 20. When it happens, you can do something.”以及下文围绕饮食习惯和生活方式展开的内容可知，此处是引出良好的饮食习惯和健康的生活方式可能有助于长高，选项E“良好的饮食习惯和健康的生活方式可能帮助你长高”符合语境。故选E。 2．根据“Fill a quarter of your plate with protein. And fill a quarter of your plate with complex carbs (复合碳水化合物).”可知，此处是在说明餐盘里不同食物的占比，结合前文“Build your meals around fresh vegetables, fruits and protein (蛋白质).”可知，选项B“将餐盘的一半装满蔬菜”符合语境，与后文的两个1/4共同构成整个餐盘的比例。故选B。 3．根据“Protein can help you grow taller. Eating an egg every day is an easy way to get more protein.”可知，此处是建议在饮食中增加蛋白质，选项A“在你的膳食中添加更多蛋白质。”符合语境。故选A。 4．根据“Choose an exercise you enjoy.”可知，选择自己喜欢的运动，这样在日常生活中坚持做就会既简单又有趣，选项D“所以在日常生活中坚持做这件事对你来说既简单又有趣。”符合语境。故选D。 5．根据“Have a good sleep every night so that your body can repair itself.”以及“It also helps you grow in a better way.”可知，此处是强调充足睡眠的重要性，选项C“确保你有足够的睡眠让身体恢复健康。”符合语境。故选C。 主题02 人与社会——家庭关系 Passage 1 （24-25八年级下·浙江省温州实验六中·期中） 左栏是五位学生的烦恼，右栏是七则解决烦恼的建议。请将烦恼和建议进行匹配。并将答题卡上对应题目所选的选项涂黑。 1 Every time David answers the phone, people always mistake him for his mother or sister. He is tired of it. 2 Anna’s parents always lock her little brother and her at home while they are at work. She feels afraid. 3 Chris’s cat died in a car accident. It was his closest friend, and now he feels lonely. 4 Alyssa is always nervous during every maths exam. She seems to forget everything that she has prepared. 5 Justin’s classmate, Judy, stops playing with him these days. He tells jokes to her, but she doesn’t laugh. A．Everyone will be nervous sometimes. Take a deep breath before taking an exam. It usually helps. Practise more so that you will be more confident to work out maths problems. B．Make a plan to use your money. Don’t waste too much on anything useless. You can have a part-time job to make some money, too. C． You should say sorry to your best friend. Fighting cannot solve any problems. Try to have a talk with him. D．Have you done anything wrong? If not, have a talk with your classmate. There must be some misunderstanding. I am sure you will get on well with each other soon. E. Write down your miss about your cat so that you won’t feel lonely. Spend more time with your friends and family. Things have to move on. F. Don’t worry too much about it. You are soon getting 14 and 15. Your voice will get lower in pitch (音调) and start to sound more “grown-up”. G. Being alone at home might be fun. Play games with your brother or do something you like. Keep more lights on than usual. You will find it fun and safe to be home alone. 【答案】1．F 2．G 3．E 4．A 5．D 【导语】本文介绍了七则解决烦恼的建议，以匹配解决五位学生的烦恼。 1．根据“Every time David answers the phone, people always mistake him for his mother or sister. He is tired of it.”可知David的烦恼是：每次接电话都被误认为是妈妈或姐姐，选项F“别太担心这个。你很快就到14、15岁了。你的声音音调会变低，开始听起来更‘成熟’”与之匹配，故选F。 2．根据“Anna’s parents always lock her little brother and her at home while they are at work. She feels afraid.”可知Anna的烦恼是：父母外出工作总是把她和弟弟锁在家里，她很害怕，选项G“独自在家可以很有趣。和你的弟弟一起玩游戏或者做一些你喜欢的事。比平时多开几盏灯。你会发现独自在家既有趣又安全”与之匹配，故选G。 3．根据“Chris’s cat died in a car accident. It was his closest friend, and now he feels lonely.”可知Chris的烦恼是：他的最亲密的朋友猫意外死去，他感觉孤独，选项E“把你对猫的思念写下来，这样你就不会感到孤独了。多花些时间和你的朋友及家人在一起。事情总要向前看”与之匹配，故选E。 4．根据“Alyssa is always nervous during every maths exam. She seems to forget everything that she has prepared.”可知Alyssa在每次数学考试中总是紧张，她似乎忘记了复习的一切，选项A“每个人有时都会紧张。考试前深呼吸。这通常会有帮助。多练习，这样你解数学题时会更有信心”与之匹配，故选A。 5．根据“Justin’s classmate, Judy, stops playing with him these days. He tells jokes to her, but she doesn’t laugh together.”可知Justin的烦恼是：他的同学Judy最近不和他玩，给她讲笑话，她也不笑。选项D“你做错什么事了吗？如果没有，和你的同学谈一谈。一定有什么误会。我相信你们很快就会相处融洽的”与之匹配，故选D。 Passage 2 （24-25八年级下·浙江省杭州闻涛中学·期中） Our parents are important people in our life. They are our first teachers in our life. They love us and help us all the time. But do you want to get on well with them? Here are some ways to help you to be happy with your parents. Have fun together How much time do you spend just enjoying being with each other? Ask your parents to play with you. Go outside together, try some sports or go to the movies. Be kind Little things may bring a lot to your parents. Make a meal for them by yourself and that makes your parents happy. Ask for help When you are in trouble or come across some sad things, you can ask your parents for help and advice. They will be happy to listen to you and help you. Have a try You don’t have to be the best, but you need to have a try. They will be happy to see you have the courage to make your dream come true. It lets them know they’re doing a good job in helping you grow up. 1．Why are our parents important persons for us? A．They teach us first in class. B．They love us sometimes. C．They always give us a hand. D．They are happy all the time. 2．How do you have fun with your parents? A．Read a book together. B．Help with housework. C．Tell them funny things. D．Go outside together. 3．The underlined word “courage” means ________ in Chinese. A．勇气 B．信心 C．力量 D．机会 4．How many ways did the writer offer? A．One B．Two C．Three D．Four 5．The best title for this passage is ________. A．How to Love and Teach Kids B．How to Talk with Your Parents C．How to Keep Happy with Your Parents D．How to Try to Be the Best of Yourself 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 4．D 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了如何和父母愉快相处。 1．细节理解题。根据“Our parents are important people in our life. They are our first teachers in our life. They love us and help us all the time.”可知，父母重要是因为他们一直帮助我们。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据“Have fun together”部分中的“Ask your parents to play with you. Go outside together, try some sports or go to the movies.”可知，和父母一起玩乐的方式包括“一起外出”。故选D。 3．词义猜测题。根据“Have a try”部分中的“They will be happy to see you have the courage to make your dream come true”可知，此处指实现梦想需要“敢于尝试”的勇气，划线单词courage意为“勇气”。故选A。 4．细节理解题。通读全文可知，作者分别以“Have fun together”“Be kind”“Ask for help”“Have a try”提出了4种与父母愉快相处的方法。故选D。 5．最佳标题题。根据“But do you want to get on well with them? Here are some ways to help you to be happy with your parents.”可知，本文主要介绍了如何和父母愉快相处。所以C选项符合文章大意，故选C。 Passage 3 （24-25八年级下·河南省郑州市第四十七初级中学东校区·期中） Mom and Dad are two of the most important people in your life. Over your lifetime, they may influence you more than anyone else you will meet. So if your mom loves to read, you just might grow up carrying a book wherever you go, just as she does. But parents do a lot more than just pass on their hobbies. Moms and Dads need to care for their kids the minute their kids are born. Most parents will do this as long as they live. Here are some ways you can stay close, get along well, and build a strong relationship (关系) with your parents. Spend time together. Instead of playing computer games or watching TV, ask your mom and dad to play with you. Go outside together, or do some reading. Be kind. Little things might mean a lot to your mom or dad. You can brighten a parent’s day with a hug (拥抱), a card, or a joke. It’s also lovely when a kid cleans up his or her room without being asked. And if you try not to fight with your brothers or sisters, your parents will be so happy! Do your best at whatever you do. You don’t have to be perfect, but when you do your best, you make your parents proud. It makes them happy to see how you’re turning into a great kid. Why? Because it lets them know they’re doing a good job. 1．Who may influence you more than anyone else you will meet according to the passage? A．Teachers. B．Friends.     C．Parents.     D．Grandparents. 2．Which of the following can’t help you build a strong relationship with your parents? A．Spending time together. B．Being kind. C．Doing your best at whatever you do. D．Playing computer games or watching TV. 3．Your parents will be unhappy if you ______. A．clean up your room without being asked B．fight with your brothers or sisters C．try your best to do something D．give them a hug 4．The underlined part in the passage means “______”. A．they make you become a good kid B．they work hard C．they are perfect D．they do well in their office work 5．How many ways can you get along well and build a strong relationship with your parents? A．Two. B．Three. C．Four. D．Five. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 4．A 5．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了父母对孩子的重要影响，并提供了三种与父母建立良好关系的具体方法。 1．细节理解题。根据“Mom and Dad are two of the most important people in your life. Over your lifetime, they may influence you more than anyone else you will meet.”可知，父母对你的影响可能超过你一生中遇到的任何人。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据“Spend time together. Instead of playing computer games or watching TV, ask your mom and dad to play with you.”可知，玩电脑游戏或看电视无助于建立亲子关系。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据“if you try not to fight with your brothers or sisters, your parents will be so happy!”可知，如果你尽量不和你的兄弟姐妹打架，你的父母会很高兴，即与兄弟姐妹争吵会让父母不开心。故选B。 4．词句猜测题。根据“It makes them happy to see how you’re turning into a great kid.”可知，孩子表现优秀会让父母感到他们的教育是成功的，即是他们的教育让你成为好孩子。划线部分意思为“他们的教育让你成为好孩子”，与选项A意思相近。故选A。 5．细节理解题。根据“Spend time together.”、“Be kind.”和“Do your best at whatever you do.”可知，文中明确提到三种与父母相处融洽，建立牢固关系的方法。故选B。 主题03 人与自然——环境 Passage 1 （24-25八年级下·湖南省衡阳市船山实验中学·期中） The Sahara Desert is the largest hot desert in the world. It is about 9 600 000 square kilometers in size. This is almost the size of the America or China. The desert covers eleven countries in the north of Africa. The Nile runs through the Sahara Desert all year round. But there are also other rivers running through it seasonally (季节性地). The geography of the desert includes huge sand dunes (沙丘) and dune fields. Some of the sand dunes are 80 huge that they can even be over 152 meters high. But there are also other amazing landforms (地形) in different parts of the desert. It is very hot and dry in the Sahara Desert. The temperature there is usually 30℃. However, during the hottest months, the temperature can go over 50℃. Because of the high temperatures and poor conditions of the desert, only a few plants live here, just about 500 kinds. They also play a role in the number of animals. In the driest part of the desert, there are only 70 different kinds of animals. Today the Sahara’s population is around four million. They move from place to place through the desert. Because of this there are many different cultures and languages in this area. 1．From the first paragraph we can know that the Sahara Desert ________. A．is the same as America in size B．is almost as big as China C．is about 960 000 square kilometers in size D．covers eleven countries in the south of Africa 2．What does the underlined word “They” refer to? A．High temperatures and poor conditions. B．Some plants and animals. C．Huge dunes and dune fields. D．Languages and culture. 3．What can’t we know about the Sahara Desert? A．Its size. B．Its landforms. C．Its temperatures. D．Its future. 4．What can we learn from the passage? A．There is no water in the Sahara Desert. B．Only the Nile goes through the desert. C．There are only seventy different kinds of plants living there. D．The Sahara area is rich in culture and language. 5．Where can we find the passage most probably? A．In a storybook. B．In a sports magazine. C．In a geography book. D．In a health newspaper. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．D 5．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了撒哈拉沙漠的面积、地形和温度。 1．细节理解题。根据“It is about 9 600 000 square kilometers in size. This is almost the size of the America or China.”可知，撒哈拉沙漠的面积几乎相当于美国或中国的面积。故选B。 2．词句猜测题。根据“Because of the high temperatures and poor conditions of the desert, only a few plants live here, just about 500 kinds. ”可知，划线部分“they”应指代前面提到的高温和恶劣的条件。故选A。 3．细节理解题。通读全文可知，第一段介绍了撒哈拉沙漠的面积，第二段介绍了它的地形，第三段介绍了它的温度，未提及它的未来。故选D。 4．细节理解题。根据“Because of this there are many different cultures and languages in this area.”可知，撒哈拉沙漠拥有丰富的文化和语言。故选D。 5．推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了撒哈拉沙漠的相关内容，故推出我们最有可能在地理书上看到这篇文章。故选C。 Passage 2 （24-25八年级下·重庆市巴蜀学校·期中） Qomolangma is the tallest place on Earth. Here, you can see snowy mountains shining under the bright blue sky. You can also take a deep breath of the freshest air. The name Qomolangma means “Mother of the Earth”. It is also called Mount Everest. It stands on the border (边界) between Nepal and China and is part of the Himalaya Mountains. It is about 8,848 meters tall, as high as some planes can fly! Every September and October, hundreds of climbers from all over the world come here. The sunlight is very strong but it’s still very cold. So they wear warm clothes and sunglasses. They climb in groups to help and support each other. Qomolangma is always very cold and windy. Snow covers the mountains all year round. The wind never stops blowing. In winter, the temperature can drop to -60℃! Because of the coldness and the thin air with very little oxygen (氧气), not many animals can survive here. However, yaks (牦牛) are special animals that can live in such horrible environment. They are called “the ships of the highland”. Qomolangma What is special about it? What does its name mean? “Mother of the Earth”. Where is it? On the border between Nepal and China. How tall is it? About 8,848 meters. *It’s always very cold and windy. *Snow covers the mountains all year round. *The air is thin with very little oxygen. Which of the following can be put into No. 1 and No. 2? 1．A．It is a low and warm place. B．It is home to many animals. C．It is the tallest place on Earth. D．It is the coldest place on Earth. 2．A．When is the best time to climb it? B．What is the environment like there? C．How do animals and plants live there? D．Would you like to visit it there one day? 3．Why do climbers wear warm clothes and sunglasses? A．To follow the traditions there. B．To move faster on the mountain. C．To carry less weight when climbing. D．To keep warm and protect their eyes. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 【导语】本文讲述了珠穆朗玛峰的基本信息和特点。 1．细节理解题。根据“Qomolangma is the tallest place on Earth.”可知，珠穆朗玛峰是地球上最高的地方。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据“*It’s always very cold and windy. *Snow covers the mountains all year round. *The air is thin with very little oxygen.”可知，此处描述的是珠穆朗玛峰的环境特点。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据“The sunlight is very strong but it’s still very cold. So they wear warm clothes and sunglasses.”可知，登山者穿保暖衣物和戴太阳镜是为了保暖和保护眼睛。故选D。 Passage 3 （24-25八年级下·河南省开封市鼓楼区第三十三中学·期中） The Xisha Islands are in the northwest part of the South China Sea. They are beautiful places with nice views and many resources (资源). This is how our primary school textbook describes them. Many Chinese people know about the South China Sea and the Xisha Islands, but only a few have been there. These islands are far away and have a weak ecosystem (生态环境). Because of this, most activities there are just fishing, protecting the environment, and doing scientific study. Visitors are mainly government workers, fishermen’s relatives, and media (媒体) members. In 2007, the Chinese government set up Sansha City on Xisha’s Yongxing Island. I once visited Yongle Islands, part of Sansha. I thought the fishermen’s homes would be simple, but they were very comfortable. The island had a vegetable garden, and green vegetables were seen on the local tables. I stayed in a hotel with a playground downstairs. After dinner, everyone got together to play games. Later, I walked along the island’s paths, enjoying the sea view and peaceful moment. Fishermen told me they used traditional ways to fish. They knew exactly which fish could be caught because of their different sizes. As for smaller fish, fishermen released them back into the sea. One thing that I never forgot was an outdoor movie called Island Keeper. It was about a couple who guarded (保卫) the island for 32 years. Many fishermen were moved to tears. One fisherman said as life on the island improved, his family loved to stay on the island during the fishing season. He also drove a passenger boat, so he made more money even when he was not fishing. The careful management (管理) of the Xisha Islands limits (限制) tourism but gives job opportunities (机会) to local fishermen. 1．What does the word “them” in the first paragraph refer to? A．nice views B．the Xisha Islands C．many resources D．the South China Sea 2．What causes only a few people to visit the Xisha Islands? ①The islands are far away.         ②Not many people know the islands. ③ The ecosystem there is weak.     ④ The islands are used for scientific study. A．①② B．③④ C．①③ D．②④ 3．What does the underlined word “released” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A．looked for B．cut…down C．took care of D．let...go 4．What can we infer from the text now? A．Fishermen catch fish in modern ways. B．Fishermen enjoy their life on the islands. C．More and more visitors come to Xisha Islands now. D．The living conditions of fishermen are poor and simple. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文主要介绍了西沙群岛的风貌及渔民的生活。 1．词义指代题。根据第一段“The Xisha Islands are in the northwest part of the South China Sea. They are beautiful places with nice views and many resources (资源). This is how our primary school textbook describes them.”可知，西沙群岛位于南海西北部的西沙群岛，风景秀丽，资源丰富。小学课本上是这么描述的。故“them”指代“西沙群岛”。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“These islands are far away and have a weak ecosystem (生态环境).”可知，因为这些都很远、生态环境脆弱，故而只有很少人参观西沙群岛。故选C。 3．词义猜测题。根据第四段“As for smaller fish, fishermen released them back into the sea.”可知，渔民把更小的鱼放回大海里。故划线单词“released”意为“释放，放生”。let...go与此意思相近。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据第三段“I thought the fishermen’s homes would be simple, but they were very comfortable. The island had a vegetable garden, and green vegetables were seen on the local tables. I stayed in a hotel with a playground downstairs. After dinner, everyone got together to play games.”可知，渔民的家很舒适，岛上有蔬菜花园，晚饭后大家聚在一起玩游戏，故推测出渔民们在岛上享受着生活。故选B。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $