专题01 阅读理解之说明文（期中真题分类汇编，辽宁专用）八年级英语下学期

专题01 阅读理解之说明文 主题01 人与自我——日常生活 Passage 1 （25-26八年级上·辽宁铁岭·期中） ①Do you like to travel alone? Or do you think it’s better to travel with friends? I will explain the advantages (优点) of both ways. ②One of the great things about traveling alone is that you make the rules about where you go and what you eat. You’ll be surprised at what you discover about yourself. Travelling alone really shows who you really are and helps you to discover inner strength. Besides, it also gives you time to think, learn and grow. When your eyes are wide open, you’ll get a whole new look at the world. ③It’s easy to think that travelling alone is lonely. Although that may sometimes be true, you’re hardly ever alone. When you travel in a one-person team, this can provide (提供) a chance for you to enjoy the most interesting part of travel-communicating with the local people and meeting travelers from all corners of the world. ④In fact, travelling to know more about the world is not easy. You need to do research and make choices. And things can often go wrong. One of the main advantages of travelling with friends is being able to share these things and help each other along the way. ⑤Just as your mother always says, it’s true that travelling with others can give you a feeling of safety, especially when you’re new to travel. If you get lost or have any trouble, there’s someone to hold your hand. ⑥There’s no right or wrong way to travel. Whether you travel alone or team up with friends, it depends on you. 1．How does the writer introduce (介绍) the topic of the passage in Para.1? A．By telling a story. B．By giving examples. C．By asking questions. D．By using numbers. 2．What does the underlined word “it” refer to? A．Travelling alone. B．Inner strength. C．Going travelling. D．Travelling with others. 3．Which of the following is NOT an advantage of travelling with friends? A．Sharing a lot of things. B．Knowing yourself better. C．Getting help easily. D．Having a feeling of safety. 4．What’s the structure (结构) of the passage? A．①/②③/④⑤/⑥ B．①/②③④/⑤/⑥ C．①/②/③④/⑤/⑥ D．①/②③④/⑤⑥ Passage 2 （24-25八年级下·辽宁铁岭·期中） According to a new study, kids can improve their brainpower (智力) by cooking, gardening and cleaning around the house. It’s a study of 207 children. Scientists have found that housework like making meals and caring for plants had something to do with planning, self-controlling and remembering things. Collected (收集) from children aged 5 to 13 in mid-2020, the results showed 86 percent of kids put their dirty clothes in the right place and cleaned up after playing. But only 59 percent made their own beds, just 26 percent sorted (分类) clothes after washing and 10 percent helped with cooking. Older children are more likely (可能) to do housework than younger ones. Girls do more housework than boys. For example, only 49 percent of boys but 70 percent of girls made their own beds. Around 60 percent of kids, including (包括) 50 percent of boys and 61 percent of girls, helped do the dishes. Only 34 percent of kids aged five to seven did this, but 64 percent of those aged 11 to 13 helped. “Children who often cook meals for their family may be more likely to be good at other ways of life-like schoolwork or problem-solving,” the lead researcher of the study, Ms. Tepper said. 1．What can improve kids’ brainpower according to Paragraph 1? A．Reading. B．Cooking. C．Painting. D．Working. 2．According to the study, what kind of housework are the children most likely to do? A．Help with cooking. B．Make their own beds. C．Clean up after playing. D．Sort clothes after washing. 3．What can we know from Paragraph 4? A． B． C． D． 4．What is the writer’s opinion towards children doing housework? A．Agree. B．Worry. C．Disagree. D．Don’t know. 主题02人与社会——人际关系与志愿者服务 Passage 1 （24-25八年级下·辽宁锦州·期中） In today’s world, applying to (申请) colleges, even jobs, asks questions about your volunteer experience. This is great! I know some people who are quick to talk about how they help others. Smiling big, they tell me about the number of volunteer hours. But sometimes I find out that they don’t even know the task (任务) of the group! Although this only happened twice, it really troubled me. So I start to think that maybe this isn’t the best way to think about helping others. ________ It should be more about making your community (社区) better, and learning what it means to be a good person in our world. You should think about helping others, not about how it will benefit you. The best way to fix this is to change what colleges and jobs ask for. Instead of asking “how many hours have you helped”, they should ask “how have you made things better for others”. They should ask people to explain, and look for people who really care and try hard, instead of just seeing the hours they’ve spent. We, the students, can also help fix this. Try to forget about the hours, because they’re not important. Choose groups you care about and learn about the people you’re helping. Don’t help because you have to but because it’s the right thing to do as a person. Next time you hear a friend talking about how many hours they’ve helped, tell them that numbers don’t change the world. 1．Which of the following can be put in “________”? A．Why don’t you try volunteering? B．Helping others shouldn’t be only about numbers. C．More and more people are helping the community. D．Maybe you know why to help others. 2．What does the underlined word “benefit” mean in Paragraph 2? A．Be interested in. B．Be good for. C．Be bad for. D．Be popular with. 3．Which is NOT a good way for the students to think about? A．Helping because you have to. B．Caring about and choosing a group. C．Learning about the people in need. D．Thinking it’s the right thing to do. 4．What’s the writer’s attitude (态度) towards the number of volunteer hours? A．The writer loves it very much. B．The writer agrees with it strongly. C．The writer is careful about it. D．The writer doesn’t think it is important. Passage 2 （24-25八年级下·辽宁铁岭·期中） Our parents are important people in our life. They are our first teachers in our life. They love us and help us all the time. But do you want to get on well with them? Here are some suggestions (建议) to help you to be happy with your parents. Have fun together How much time do you spend just enjoying being with each other? Ask your parents to play with you. Go outside together, try some sports, or go to the movies. Be kind Little things may bring a lot to your parents. Make a meal for them by yourself and that can make your parents happy. Ask for help When you are in trouble or meet some sad things, you can ask your parents for help and advice. They will be happy to listen to you and help you. Have a try You don’t have to be the best but you need to have a try. They will be happy to see you have the courage (勇气) to make your dream come true. It lets them know they’re doing a good job in helping you grow up. 1．Why are our parents important people for us? A．They teach us first in class. B．They love us sometimes. C．They always give us a hand. D．They are happy all the time. 2．How do you have fun with your parents according to (根据) the passage? A．By reading books alone. B．By doing homework carefully. C．By telling them funny things. D．By going outside together. 3．What should you do if you have a problem? A．Listen to your teachers. B．Ask your parents for help. C．Turn to your friends around. D．Try to be the best of yourself. 4．What is the best title for this text? A．How to Love and Teach Kids B．How to Talk with Your Parents C．How to Keep Happy with Your Parents D．How to Try to Be the Best of Yourself Passage 3 （24-25八年级下·辽宁丹东·期中） Some people think only school children do not agree with their parents, however, it is not true. Parent-child communication is a problem for people of all age groups. If it’s hard for you to communicate with your parents, don’t worry about it. Here is some advice for you to bridge the generation gap (代沟). Don’t argue with your parents. Don’t get to your parents when you are angry. Your parents probably won’t consider your ideas if you are shouting at them. And you can’t express yourself well if you are angry. Go someplace to cool off. Make sure you understand why you are unhappy. Then think about what you want to say to your parents. If you don’t think you can speak to them at the moment, try writing a letter. Try to reach a compromise (和解). Perhaps you and your parents disagree on something. You can keep your disagreement and try your best to accept each other. Michael’s mother didn’t agree with him about buying a motorcycle. They argued over it. But they finally came to a compromise. Michael bought the motorcycle, but only drove it on certain days. Of course, your parents might refuse to compromise on something. In these situations, it is especially important to show love and respect to them. Showing respect will keep your relationship strong. Talk about your values (价值观). The values of your parents are probably different from those of your own. Tell your parents what you care about, and why. Understanding your values might help them see your purposes in life. A good relationship (关系) with your parents can make you a better and happier person. It is worth having a try! 1．According to the passage, who have the communication problem with each other? A．Parents and children of all ages. B．Parents and children’s friends. C．Young parents and other people. D．Only school children and their teachers. 2．What do the underlined words “cool off” in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Have a good rest. B．Hide yourself quickly. C．Make yourself happy. D．Get yourself quiet and relaxed. 3．How many pieces of advice does the writer give to bridge the generation gap? A．5. B．4. C．3. D．2. 4．What is the structure of the text? (①—⑤for each paragraph) A．①/②③/④⑤ B．①/②③④/⑤ C．①②/③/④⑤ D．①②/③④/⑤ Passage 4 （24-25八年级下·辽宁鞍山·期中） It’s easy to have a fight in your family. Sometimes your parents fight with each other, or you fight with your parents, or even you fight with your brother or sister. When it happens, you may feel sad or even angry. Remember even people who love each other fight sometimes. When you’re sad or angry, keep calm and then try thinking of a way to solve the problem. You could go out to run around or play a ball, or just find a quiet place and relax. When you’re really calm, talk with the person you argued with. Then maybe you’ll feel much better. Even if you’re very angry, never hurt anyone in your family. That could only make things get worse. If your brother or sister hurts you, it’s important to tell your parents. It’s also important to tell an adult if your parent hurts you. You could have a family meeting to talk about it when the fight happens. At the meeting, everyone should tell how they feel and give their advice. Sometimes, you should visit a family doctor to talk about the problems and get advice. It’s not always easy to stop families from fighting. But working together can make it work. 1．The first paragraph mainly tells us ________. A．when there might be a fight in a family B．family members love each other very much C．what you can do when there is a family fight D．it’s common to have a family fight 2．What shouldn’t you do when there is a fight in your family? A．Visit someone and get advice. B．Hurt the person who argued with you. C．Find a quiet place to calm down. D．Have a family meeting to talk about it. 3．Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? A．A family meeting could help with the fight in your family. B．It’s not easy for you to stop your family fighting alone. C．You can visit a family doctor to get advice on your family fight. D．The people in a family fight because they don’t love each other. 4．What’s the best title for the passage? A．Never Fight with Anyone in Your Family. B．A Family Fight May Hurt Everyone in Your Family. C．What You Should Do When a Family Fight Happens. D．Try to Do Something to Stop the Fight in Your Family. 主题03 人与社会——文学、艺术、历史 Passage 1 （24-25八年级下·辽宁锦州·期中） The 2025 Spring Festival Gala’s new mascot (吉祥物) “Si Sheng Sheng” is here! It’s a cute snake in the form of the old Chinese character “巳”. It looks funny and is full of good wishes. Let’s learn more about it! Meet “Si Sheng Sheng” As the Year of the Snake comes closer, China Media Group introduced the Spring Festival Gala mascot “Si Sheng Sheng” in December, 2024. Its design (设计) comes from old Chinese culture and has a happy and lucky feeling. Here’s why “Si Sheng Sheng” is special: The spirals (螺旋) on its head and face are from the silver things in Famen Temple (法门寺) , Shaanxi Province in the Tang Dynasty. A bat (蝙蝠) picture on its head and a knot (结) on its tail mean “happiness from the start.” The eyebrows (眉毛) look like the ones on the old bronze snakes at the Sanxingdui Site in Sichuan Province. The body has special pictures of the flowers and branches (树枝) that mean life and growth. The flowers on its body stand for spring. Cultural Ideas The silver Ruyi from Famen Temple gave ideas for the mascot. The Ruyi is 50cm long and weighs over 762g. Its head is like a cloud and has a Buddha (佛) picture, showing good wishes. In old China, “Ruyi” was a tool to make your back feel better when it was uncomfortable and also meant good luck. “Ruyi” means “as you wish” in Chinese culture. This cute mascot mixes history, culture, and fun. It brings everyone good luck for the new year. Happy Year of the Snake! 1．What can we know about “Si Sheng Sheng”? A．It is in the form of the old Chinese painting. B．It looks lovely and is full of happiness. C．the Spring Festival Gala introduced it in December, 2024. D．Its design (设计) make people feel happy and lucky. 2．What does “Si Sheng Sheng” look like? A． B． C． D． 3．Why is the Famen Temple silver Ruyi mentioned? A．Because it is famous for being very heavy. B．Because it is meaningful as it stands for spring. C．Because it was made for the Spring Festival Gala. D．Because it helped make the design of “Si Sheng Sheng”. 4．What is the article about? A．It explains how the mascot was made step by step. B．It lists things that happen at the Spring Festival Gala. C．It describes the mascot’s design and cultural meaning. D．It compares (比较) “Si Sheng Sheng” with other mascots. Passage 2 （24-25八年级下·辽宁盘锦·期中） Have you watched the cartoon film Ne Zha 2? Have you heard of DeepSeek recently? Surprisingly, they are all created by young power who are leading China to a better future. Four of them are especially excellent. Let’s take a look at what achievements they have made: Yang Yu (Jiao Zi), the director of “Ne Zha 2” was born in 1980 in Luzhou, Sichuan province. Just like Ne Zha, he overcame many difficulties, spending five years, bringing traditional stories to life with creativity. Besides, the movie has more than 1,900 special effect shots that are really amazing. Since the movie came out, it has broken the box office (票房) in Chinese film history and became a hit. Born in 1985 in a small town in Guangdong province, Liang Wenfeng showed a strong interest in AI technology from a young age and founded DeepSeek in 2023. Now DeepSeek’s app became the most downloaded free app in both China and the US. Although five years younger than Liang Wenfeng, Wang Xingxing from Zhejiang Province set up Unitree, a world famous technology company which developed the robots used in the dance performance “YangBOT”. These robots are not only for fun but also help in different tasks, such as carrying heavy objects and even taking part in rescue (救援). Feng Ji who was born in 1982 in Jingzhou, Hubei created a high-quality gaming Black Myth: Wukong (黑神话：悟空), China’s first big 3A game and won a prize. These young people are hard-working and not afraid to try new things, facing challenges bravely. They are truly role models and their unexpected success is an inspiration to all the Chinese. 1．How many special effect shots are there in “Ne Zha 2”? A．Over 1,980. B．About 1,980. C．Over 1,900. D．Less than 1,900. 2．What does the underlined phrase “became a hit” probably mean? A．Break the ice. B．Hit something. C．Achieve success. D．Meet with failure. 3．What can we learn from the passage? A．Wang Xingxing is the youngest of the four famous people. B．These young people were all born in Hubei province. C．YangBOT is a kind of AI app developed by Jiao Zi. D．Feng Ji showed a strong interest in AI technology when he was young. 4．What’s the best title of this passage? A．Young power, leading the future in culture and technology B．China’s great progress in art and science C．Different people have different dreams D．Four achievements in Chinese history Passage 3 （24-25八年级下·辽宁沈阳·期中） Do you like wearing colorful clothes? Today, we can get colorful clothes easily. But how about people in old times? Tie-dye (扎染) is a very old way of dyeing clothes in China. It’s more than 1, 000 years old. People in the past made it by hand. To tie-dye, you first need to use thread (麻绳) to tie your cloth together. Then you put the cloth into the dye. Some parts of the cloth will become dark blue, while other parts will be lighter in color. When you open out the cloth, you’ll see beautiful patterns. In 2006, the tie-dye skill became China’s national intangible cultural heritage (国家级非物质文化遗产). Anning in Yunnan is famous for tie-dye. Yang Cheng, 52, learned to tie-dye from his mother in the 1980s. Now he is still doing the job and has taught his daughter this skill. Yang continues the old skill of tie-dye. At the same time, he goes to learn new tie-dye skills in other countries, such as Japan, India and France. Yang once made two sets of tie-dyed special dresses. It took him about two years. He used many skills of Anning tie-dye to finish them. Some patterns on the dresses are traditional, while some are modern. “I want to put all the beautiful things into tie-dye works. ” he said. Yang now teaches tie-dye in many places. More than 100, 000 people have learned from him. Some people worry that there won’t be tie-dye any more because using machines is fast and cheap. But Yang said, “machines can’t take the place of our creative hands.” 1．What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A．How to make tie-dye. B．Where to find tie-dye. C．Why to keep tie-dye alive. D．What to learn about tie-dye. 2．The underlined word “them” in Paragraph 6 refers to ________. A．many skills of Anning tie-dye B．two sets of tie-dyed special dresses C．some traditional patterns on the dresses D．all the beautiful things in tie-dye works 3．What can we know about Yang Cheng? A．He makes tie-dye an easy job. B．He taught his son the skill of tie-dye. C．He has never been to other countries. D．He works hard to improve his tie-dye skills. 4．What can we infer (推断) from tie-dye? A．People can only see tie-dye in China. B．Yang Cheng plans to teach others tie-dye skills. C．We can buy beautiful tie-dyed dresses in Anning. D．Machines will take the place of the old skill of tie-dye. 主题04 人与社会——健康 Passage 1 （24-25八年级下·辽宁锦州·期中） When you are busy with your schoolwork, you might find it hard to get enough sleep. We all know that not getting enough sleep is bad for our health. But some research (研究) found that less sleep could even cause you to have fewer friends. According to researchers from the University of California, people who don’t get enough sleep are less willing (adj.乐意，愿意) to socialize (v.社交) with others. They are simply too tired to go out. The researchers did a small study. They tested 18 young people who just had a good night’s sleep and then tested them again after a sleepless night. The participants (n.被试者) watched videos of people with neutral (adj.中性的) expressions walking toward them. When the person on the video got too “close” to them, they pushed a button (n.按钮) to stop the video, which recorded how close they allowed the person to get. The results showed that people kept the person at a distance of 60 percent further back if they didn’t get enough sleep. They felt that their personal space was being invaded (侵占). But when the participants got a good night’s sleep, they allowed the person to get much closer to them. According to lead researcher Matthew Walker, the less sleep you get, the less you want to socialize with others. In turn, other people may think you are weird (adj.奇怪的) and stay away from you. This can make you feel lonely and cause you to sleep even less. It becomes a vicious cycle (n.恶性循环). So if you want to be a more sociable (adj.善于社交的) and popular person, sleeping well might help. “One night of good sleep makes you feel more outgoing and socially confident,” said Walker. 1．“When you are busy with your schoolwork, you might find it hard to get enough sleep.” What does this sentence mean? A．Students are too busy with their schoolwork. B．Students have too much stress to go to sleep. C．Students are not allowed to get enough sleep by their teachers and parents. D．Students are too busy with their schoolwork to have enough time to sleep. 2．Researchers from the University of California believe that less sleep ______. A．makes school life harder B．is good for one’s health C．makes people less sociable D．causes people to become nervous 3．How did the researchers prove (v.证明) their point? A．They did a study of 18 young people. B．They watched videos of sleepy people. C．They interviewed people on the street.     D．They invited people to play a game. 4．Where can you read this article? A．A comic book. B．A sport magazine. C．A science report. D．A guide book. Passage 2 （24-25八年级下·辽宁铁岭·期中） When you are ill, it’s important to take good care of yourself. Here are some steps to help you get better quickly. Step 1: Rest Rest is very important. Stay in bed and get plenty of sleep. If you can’t sleep, just lie down and relax. You can listen to soft music or read a book. But don’t do anything tiring. Step 2: Take medicine If the doctor gives you medicine, take it as directed (按指示服用). Don’t skip (跳过) doses (剂量) even if you start to feel better. Remember, the medicine is there to help you get well. Step 3: Eat healthy food Eat food that is easy to digest (消化), like soup, rice, and steamed vegetables. Avoid (避免) fried food and food that is high in fat. Drink plenty of water to keep your body hydrated (水分充足). Step 4: Get fresh air If the weather is nice, open the window or go outside for a short time. Fresh air can make you feel better. But don’t stay outside too long if you’re still not feeling well. Step 5: See the doctor again if necessary If you don’t start to feel better after a few days, or if your symptoms (症状) get worse, go back to the doctor. Don’t try to treat yourself without professional advice. By following these steps, you can help your body recover (恢复) from illness more quickly. 1．What should you do in Step 1? A．Go out and play. B．Do some exercise. C．Stay in bed and rest. D．Watch TV for a long time. 2．What should you do with the medicine? A．Take it as directed. B．Skip doses if you feel better. C．Don’t take it if you don’t like it. D．Take more than the directed amount. 3．Which kind of food should you eat when you’re ill? A．Fried food. B．Food high in fat. C．Soup and steamed vegetables. D．Ice-cream. 4．Why should you get fresh air when you’re ill? A．Because it can make you feel tired. B．Because it can make you feel better. C．Because it can make you feel cold. D．Because it can make you feel hot. Passage 3 （24-25八年级下·辽宁鞍山·期中） A good breakfast is the best way to start your day. In China, people in different places usually eat different kinds of food for breakfast. In many southern places, there are many breakfast foods made from rice. As we know, southern China has grown rice for thousands of years. Rice is widely (广泛地) planted there. However, in the north of China, people usually eat breakfast foods made from wheat (小麦) because the north grows wheat. Different people like different tastes. Some people love to eat porridge (粥) and baozi. Some people love to eat youtiao and drink soy milk (豆浆). There are also some famous breakfast foods in China. For example, people in Hunan love to eat rice noodles. They especially love spicy (辛辣的) rice noodles. Do you know jianbing guozi (煎饼果子)? It is a popular breakfast food in Tianjin, But now, people in other places can buy it easily. 1．Why do people in southern China usually eat breakfast foods made from rice? A．Because they are easy to make. B．Because they can be bought easily. C．Because rice is widely grown there. D．Because there are very few other foods. 2．What breakfast food does the writer NOT mention in the passage? A．Porridge. B．Youtiao. C．Baozi. D．Mantou. 3．From the passage, we can learn that ________. A．jianbing guozi can only be bought in Tianjin B．rice noodles are very popular in Hunan C．Chinese people always eat the same breakfast foods D．Chinese people only love to eat food made from rice 4．The passage is written to introduce (介绍) ________. A．three meals in China B．some Chinese breakfast foods C．how to make a healthy breakfast D．why the Chinese eat different breakfast foods 主题05 科技与科普 Passage 1 （24-25八年级下·辽宁沈阳·期中） DeepSeek Rocks the AI world ①For more than a month, the world has been very excited about a new AI model called DeepSeek-R1. The company behind it, also called DeepSeek, is a business based in Hangzhou, Zhejiang. ②The new AI first appeared on Jan 20. In just one week, it beat OpenAI’s ChatGPT and became number one free application (应用) in the App Store. What is so special about it? ③According to DeepSeek, the new AI model is as good at difficult activities like math as other big-time models. But it needs much less computing power (算力) to do that. It is also the cheapest of its kind and took only about 5.57 million US dollars (40.58 million yuan) to make. DeepSeek even uses advanced technology to understand and produce human-like texts. It can be used for many tasks, such as: - “Homework Help” : Explaining math problems or writing essays. - “Language Learning” : Translating between English and Chinese. - “Coding (代码) Assistance” : Supporting writing and fixing code. ④The achievement was largely thanks to an idea the scientist had when they trained it. Instead of using the traditional ways, DeepSeek mainly uses Reinforcement Learning (RL, 强化学习). It helps AI learn by working out the right way to do things on its own to get points. This makes R1 better at understanding and solving hard problems. ⑤What’s more, DeepSeek-R1 is open-source (开源的). Everyone is free to get a copy of its code. They can also change the code and make further improvements to meet their own needs. Being open-source is very important for sharing knowledge and making technology better for everyone, said Liang Wenfeng who set up Deepseek. 1．How quickly did’DeepSeek-R1 become the top free app after its release (发行)? A．Within one week. B．After one month. C．Immediately on its release day. D．It never reached the top place. 2．What is one of the main advantages of DeepSeek-R1 compared to other AI models? A．It can only be used for coding tasks. B．It is able to translate Chinese into English. C．It costs more to develop than other AI models. D．It performs well but using less calculating power. 3．How is the article organized? A． B． C． D． 4．What is the main purpose of this text? A．To compare different AI companies in China and the U. S. B．To explain why an open-source app is always better than a paid app. C．To introduce DeepSeek-R1, its advantages and effect on AI technology. D．To criticize (批评) the high cost of developing AI models like ChatGPT. Passage 2 （24-25八年级下·辽宁沈阳·期中） Most people can’t remember their baby days, but some say they can. American scientists wanted to know why we forget those early times. They studied if babies can make memories. A researcher said, “Baby brains can make memories, but we’ re still finding out how long these memories last.” Scientists used special brain scanners (扫描仪) to look at a part of the brain called the hippocampus (海马体). This part is like a memory store. They found that two-month-old babies can recognize things like faces, voices, and daily habits. For example, if a baby hears a lullaby every night, their brain will start to remember that song. But babies probably can’t remember whole events, like “the day we went to the zoo.” That’s because the hippocampus needs time to get stronger. Think of it like building muscles. You can’t lift heavy things until your muscles grow. Before that, babies only store small pieces of information, not full stories. So, next time you see a baby smile at a familiar face, they might be making a little memory. Even though they won’t remember it when they grow up, their brain is busy storing these early experiences. Scientists are still learning how these first memories change us as we grow. 1．What did American scientists want to know? A．Why babies often cry at midnight B．When babies begin to learn to walk. C．Whether babies can form memories. D．How babies choose their favorite toys. 2．What is the hippocampus like? A．A film that helps babies record sounds. B．A camera that helps babies take photos. C．A shop that helps babies store memories. D．A tool that helps babies move their hands. 3．Babies can remember more if ________. A．their hippocampus gets stronger B．they are able to get enough sleep C．they hear the same story every night D．their muscles develop more quickly 4．What does the word “still” imply (暗示) in the last sentence? A．Scientists have stopped studying this completely. B．The research on babies’ memories is continuing. C．It is easy for scientists to learn about first memories. D．Many memories from baby days will disappear forever. 主题06 人与自然 Passage 1 （24-25八年级下·辽宁沈阳·期中） China is home to many amazing animals, like giant pandas, tigers, and golden monkeys. However, these animals are in danger because of hunting, pollution, and loss of their homes. We must work together to protect them. Why Wildlife Matters Animals help keep nature in balance. For example, birds spread seeds, and bees help plants grow. If animals disappear, the environment will suffer. Some species, like the Yangtze River dolphin, are already gone forever. We must act now to save others. What China Is Doing China has made new laws to stop hunting and protect animal habitats (栖息地). Nature reserves, like the ones for pandas, help animals live safely. Scientists are also breeding (繁殖) endangered animals and releasing (释放) them back into the wild. How You Can Help Everyone can do something to protect wildlife: -Do not buy goods made from endangered animals. -Follow the rules when visiting nature reserves. -Tell others about wildlife protection. -Report illegal (非法的) hunting or selling of animals. A Better Future If we act now, animals like pandas and tigers can survive. Protecting wildlife means protecting our future. Let’s work together to keep China’s nature beautiful and full of life! 1．What is the main reason why some animals in China are disappearing? A．They don’t like the weather. B．They are short of proper food. C．They want to live in other countries. D．They don’t have enough room to live in. 2．What will probably happen because of China’s wildlife protection laws? A．People can hunt if necessary. B．All animals will move to zoos. C．There may be less illegal hunting. D．Animal habitats must be enlarged (扩大). 3．How can students help protect animals? A．By keeping wild animals in zoos. B．By knowing more about wild animals. C．By drawing posters of endangered animals. D．By feeding wild animals on their favorite food. 4．What’s the main idea of the passage? A．Wild animals in China are disappearing. B．Zoos are the best places for wild animals. C．China’s wildlife requires protection from everyone. D．Human activities have destroyed wild animals’ homes. Passage 2 （24-25八年级下·辽宁葫芦岛·期中） Maybe most people have heard of the saying, “Guilin’s scenery (景色) is the best in the world.” In fact, the 83-kilometer-long part of the Lijiang River between Guilin and Yangshuo is the most beautiful. There are thousands of karst (喀斯特) mountains along the Lijiang River. Several famous people in the world have visited it, such as Bill Clinton, George Bush and Bill Gates. A lot of tourists go to the Lijiang River, and many artists draw it in so many Chinese paintings. There are thick bamboos (竹子) on both sides. It is said that Zhou Enlai advised people to plant that kind of bamboo there. The best time to enjoy the beauty of the Lijiang River is in the three seasons. Spring is quite comfortable for visiting, because the Lijiang River is warm and green. Summer is the rainy season. Visiting in rain is also fun. Autumn is the most proper season for traveling. The weather is clear and cool, and you can enjoy the blue sky. Unluckily, there are lots of visitors at that time. While you are visiting from Guilin to Yangshuo by boat, you can sit around a table and enjoy the beautiful scenery. You can also go up to the open place on the boat to take pictures. But never swim in the river. It’s too dangerous. You are also not allowed to get off the boat until you arrive in Yangshuo. Then you can enjoy another very beautiful place. 1．How does the writer start the text? A．By listing numbers. B．By using sayings. C．By asking questions. D．By telling stories. 2．Autumn is one of the best seasons to visit the Lijiang River because _________. A．it’s fun to visit in rain B．the river is warm and green C．there are fewer tourists D．the weather is clear and cool 3．Tourists can _________ while traveling by boat from Guilin to Yangshuo. ① swim happily in the river        ② sit and enjoy the scenery ③ take pictures on the boat        ④ get off the boat during the trip A．①② B．①③ C．②③ D．②④ 4．What’s the best title of this passage? A．The famous visitors to Guilin B．The beauty of the Lijiang River C．The best time to visit Guilin D．The history of the Lijiang River 主题01 人与自我——日常生活 Passage 1 （24-25八年级下·辽宁沈阳·期中） ①Eric Bauza is a Canadian voice actor who works on animated (动画的) movies. He has lent his voice to many famous cartoon characters, like Bugs Bunny and Scooby-Doo, which you might have seen on TV! ②When Eric Bauza was young, he loved watching cartoons. But he never thought that doing voices for cartoons could be his job one day. In college, he studied radio, TV, and film. He found he really liked radio work. This helped him learn to use his voice in fun ways, and it was important for his future job. ③Bauza says voice acting is a lot like other kinds of acting. Even though you don’t see the actors on the screen, they still need to show real feelings. This way, people can feel close to the cartoon characters. ④Besides voice actors, there are other jobs in making cartoons. Some artists draw pictures like in comic books. Animators make the characters move, and sound mixers add music and sounds to make the scenes better. ⑤If you want to be a voice actor, Bauza says practice is key. Reading out loud often can make you better at speaking. You can also try imitating different voices you hear in movies or on TV. You don’t have to remember all the lines by heart, but it’s hard to make the characters sound real. Bauza’s story tells us that if you love something and work hard, you can turn your hobby into a great job. 1．What helped Bauza learn to use his voice in fun ways? A．The love of watching cartoons. B．The deep love of radio work. C．The importance of future job. D．The dream of being a voice actor. 2．How many kinds of jobs are mentioned in Paragraph 4? A．Two. B．Three. C．Four. D．Five. 3．What advice does Bauza give to future voice actors? A．Listen to different voices. B．Practise reading aloud. C．Learn to draw cartoons. D．Remember all the lines. 4．What can be the best title (标题) for the text? A．The voice behind cartoon characters. B．Eric Bauza: The best voice actor. C．How to turn your hobby into a job. D．A story of a famous cartoon maker. Passage 2 （24-25八年级下·辽宁抚顺·期中） Nobody likes to do chores, especially kids. How can you make your kids get into a good habit of doing their chores? Try making chores fun for them. Play some music. Music makes everything seem like a party, doesn’t it? Play your kids’ favorite music and let them dance around while they are doing their chores. Make it a treasure hunt (寻宝游戏). It’s a good way when you would like them to clean the house. Let them know that you hike (藏) a $ 5 bill someplace (某地). If they find it, they can keep it. Change often. If your kids keep doing the same chores for months, they may feel bored. Teaching them a new task (任务) is fun for both you and the kids. They will feel they have grown up when they get a new task. Do it together. It’s never fun to be the only one working and watching everyone else relaxing. If everyone takes part in doing chores, you will finish them faster and have more fun. 1．The article is for ________. A．schools B．teachers C．parents D．kids 2．The writer thinks it’s better to ________ while asking kids to clean the house. A．play computer games B．hide something for them to find C．give them a new task D．do it together with them 3．Kids may feel ________ if they keep on doing the same chores for months. A．tired B．fun C．interested D．bored 4．Which is the best title for the article? A．Doing chores is good for kids. B．Help kids set a good habit. C．Make chores fun for kids. D．Everyone should do chores. Passage 3 （24-25八年级下·辽宁阜新·期中） When we talk about the ways of traveling, different people may have different ideas. Some think that trains are the best but others think ships, or cars or planes are better. I think each of them has advantages and disadvantages. Traveling by train is slower than by air, but it is more comfortable. There are comfortable seats and dining-cars. You can talk to people and enjoy the beautiful sceneries (风景) through the windows. The train to some people is just like a big moving party. Some people prefer to travel by sea. Ships are not so fast as trains or planes, but traveling by sea is a very pleasant way to spend a holiday. You can go to parties and movies on the ship, and enjoy the blue sky and water. You may think you are the king of the world when you are on the board. Some people like to travel by car. You needn’t be in a hurry to arrive on time as you travel by train, ship or air. You can travel as far as you like and stop wherever you wish. That is to say, you enjoy more freedom of choices while traveling by car than by any other means. Other people like to travel by air. Although it may cost more than the other ways. It can save much time and it is more convenient to travel by air if you go abroad. That is why traveling by air is popular for business people and students who study abroad. 1．If you travel by train, you can ________. A．make friends with different people B．rest in the sleeping-cars C．look out of the windows D．A, B and C 2．When you feel you are the king of the world, you are ________. A．sad B．tired C．excited and happy D．hungry 3．How many ways of traveling are mentioned in the passage? A．Five. B．Four. C．Three. D．Two. 4．What does the writer want to tell us in this passage? A．He wants to tell us that planes and trains are very fast. B．He wants to tell that characteristics (特征) of four different ways of traveling. C．He wants to tell us that traveling in the past was impossible. D．He wants to tell us that he likes traveling. Passage 4 （24-25八年级下·辽宁营口·期中） Do you know that one-third of the food we eat every day is thrown away, while one in nine people around the world goes hungry? It takes about 3,072 hours to produce a single grain (单粒) of rice, yet it only takes a second to waste it. In October, students from Beijing No.8 Middle School visited an exhibition center that showed how to recycle kitchen waste. They saw how kitchen waste, such as fruit peels and leftovers, could be turned into something useful. “First, people collect the kitchen waste and then crush (压碎) it. After that, they take out the solid (固体的) part and break it down before turning it into a soil conditioner (土壤调理剂),” 13-year-old Lu Zichen said. He added that this conditioner could help improve the quality of the soil. The students also learned how to make liquid fertilizer (液体肥料) from kitchen waste. This fertilizer helps plants grow. Qi Yiming, 13, even tried making it himself. “It’s quite simple. First, you place the kitchen waste into a container. Then you add microbial agents (微生物菌剂), and let it sit for a few days to get the fertilizer,” Qi explained. “I am so glad to use the decomposition (分解) knowledge I learned to make liquid fertilizer myself. It is helpful in daily life. It is a wonderful experience.” Yu Qian, a teacher from the school and the organizer of the activity, talked about the importance of hands-on learning. “I hope students not only focus on the textbook but also go outside to put their knowledge into practice. It makes learning more interesting and useful,” she said. 1．Why does the writer ask a question at the beginning of the passage? A．To ask us to find the answer to the question. B．To warn us not to eat too much. C．To show us how to save food and avoid food waste. D．To draw the readers’ attention to the problem of food waste. 2．What’s Paragraph 3 mainly about? A．How to collect kitchen waste. B．How to make liquid fertilizer. C．How to learn chemistry well. D．How to grow plants better. 3．From the last paragraph, we know that ________. A．the students can get a lot from the textbook B．going outside is a waste of time C．hands-on learning is a new way of learning D．the teacher thinks hand-on learning is important 4．What’s the best title for the text? A．The Importance of Recycling Kitchen Waste. B．Ways to Protect the Environment. C．A Visit to the Exhibition Center. D．Trash Turned into Treasure. 主题02人与社会——人际关系与志愿者服务 Passage 1 （24-25八年级下·辽宁锦州·期中） International Volunteer Day is on December 5 every year. It started on December 17, 1985. It’s a day to honor volunteers all over the world. Every day and every minute, volunteers around the world work out of their own kindness and make the world a better place. They protect the environment, build schools, care for animals. Most volunteers work without getting paid, and many do so using their own money. We should all appreciate (感谢) their work. International Volunteer Day offers us a chance (机会) to do so. Celebrating International Volunteer Day also lets more people know about the work and encourages (鼓励) them to join the volunteer team. When people see how volunteering is changing things for the better, they may want to donate their time and play their part. Doing volunteer work is also meaningful. Volunteering is a good way to open our eyes. We may do something we never do and meet different kinds of people. We can talk with them and get their good ideas. Volunteers especially students can learn much from practice, get some experience and know how to solve problems. There are many problems in the world. No one has answers to all the problems. But when we face them together, we’re able to find good ways to solve them. The things we care about today will help build a better world tomorrow. 1．What does the underlined word “so” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．Being a volunteer. B．Appreciating volunteers’ work. C．Solving the world’s problems. D．Getting people together. 2．Which of the following is TRUE? A．Volunteers only protect the environment on International Volunteer Day. B．Most volunteers work with getting paid and not using their own money. C．International Volunteer Day never provides us a chance to do volunteer work. D．Celebrating the day can encourage more people to join the volunteer team. 3．Why do students need to do volunteer work according to the text? ①To open their eyes and get good ideas.       ②To learn a lot from practice and get experience. ③To know how to solve problems.        ④To learn to protect themselves. A．①②④ B．②③④ C．①②③ D．①③④ 4．What does the last paragraph mainly tell? A．When one gives, two get happy. B．You don’t need a reason to help others. C．Alone we can do so little, together we can do so much. D．We can’t change the past, but we can change the future. Passage 2 （24-25八年级下·辽宁沈阳·期中） ①Did you know that more than 70% of our communication is non-verbal (语言的)? Body language, the unspoken messages we send through gestures, facial expressions, and postures (姿势), plays an important role in how we connect with others. Let’s explore this amazing world of silent signals. ②To begin with, our faces are powerful tools. For example, a smile can show happiness or kindness, while a frown may express sadness or anger. Eye contact is another key part. Looking someone in the eye when speaking shows respect and attention, but avoiding eye contact might make you seem nervous or uninterested. ③Besides, some gestures are nearly universal. For example, nodding your head usually means “yes”, and shaking it means “no” in most cultures. However, not all gestures are the same worldwide. In the United States, a thumbs-up means “good job”, but in the Middle East, it can be rude. Similarly, the “OK” sign with your thumb and finger is friendly in many countries, but in Brazil, it’s considered offensive. ④Your posture can also show your confidence or mood. Standing straight with shoulders back shows confidence, while slouching (懒散) might suggest shyness or tiredness. Crossing your arms during a conversation can make you appear defensive (充满戒心的), so it’s better to keep them relaxed by your sides. ⑤Body language is like a secret code that everyone uses. It helps us understand others better. By learning to “read” these signals, we can improve our relationships (关系) and avoid misunderstandings. So next time you talk to someone, pay attention to both their words and their body language—you might discover more than you expect! 1．How does the writer express his idea in Paragraph 2? A．By listing numbers. B．By raising questions. C．By giving examples. D．By telling a story. 2．What does the underlined word “offensive” probably mean? A．Pleasant. B．Interested. C．Unlucky. D．Impolite. 3．What is the result of learning to “read” body language signals? A．People can improve their relationships. B．People will have more misunderstanding. C．People will use fewer and fewer gestures. D．People may become shyer in conversations. 4．How is the text organized? (①=Paragraph 1, ②= Paragraph 2…) A． B． C． D． Passage 3 （24-25八年级下·辽宁沈阳·期中） I’m really into kite flying. Last April, I went to Weifang for the 41st Weifang International Kite Festival. There were all kinds of kites in the sky: pandas, cars, and even Bajie. Locals will tell you that nothing can’t fly in Weifang. The news said the event attracted people from 46 countries and regions (地区). “Do you know who invented the kite?” I heard two people talking in a coffee shop. Well, I didn’t. I looked up the answer on my phone. Over 2,000 years ago, Mozi made the earliest kite. It was called the “wooden bird” because he used wood and silk to make it. It’s said that the kite could fly for one day. Later, Lu Ban replaced the wooden parts with bamboo. The “bamboo bird” could stay in the air for three days. Today, Weifang is the world’s kite capital. Seventy percent of the world’s kites are made here. Its traditional way of kite-making was recognized as a national intangible cultural heritage (非物质文化遗产) in 2006. The kite-making art has four main steps: “framing (扎框架)”, “gluing”, “painting” and “flying”. Each step must be done very carefully. For example, the frame must be perfectly symmetrical (对称的). The water for gluing the paper should be around 60 degrees. Water hotter than that will affect the color. How hard have all the inheritors (继承者) of the Weifang kite-making art worked? I can’t even imagine. Thanks to their great efforts, kites of all shapes will continue to color up the sky. 1．What were the two people in the coffee shop talking about? A．The inventor of the kite. B．The best time to fly kites. C．The weather in Weifang. D．The cost of making kites. 2．Which statement about the earliest kite is true? A．It was called the “bamboo bird”. B．Mozi used wood and silk to make it. C．It could stay in the air for three days. D．Lu Ban later replaced bamboo with wood. 3．Which kite-making step requires the frame to be perfectly symmetrical? A．Gluing. B．Painting. C．Framing. D．Flying. 4．What is the purpose of writing the text? A．To introduce the Weifang International Kite Festival. B．To talk about how to make kites in a traditional way. C．To compare traditional and modern kite-making techniques. D．To introduce the history, culture, and future of Weifang kites. 主题03 健康 Passage 1 （24-25八年级下·辽宁锦州·期中） Last night, a school night, my 11-year-old son’s baseball team played a game that lasted until 9:30. By the time we got home and he had a quick dinner and shower, it was 10:30—an hour and a half later than before. We love baseball. My son is having fun, getting exercise, and learning patience, team work and sports spirit. But the truth is that the game also influences (影响) his sleep. As parents, we want good things for our children. We want them to be healthy both in body and in mind. To this end, we look for ways to help our kids grow and develop. We help them with their homework. We sign them up for dance, soccer and baseball. We push our kids into taking honors courses (培优课程) or having after-school jobs. And we praise them for hard-earned success and achievements. However, the irony (讽刺) is that all of these activities and responsibilities that we are giving our children to make their lives colorful could be badly influencing their health and taking happiness away. Activities, responsibilities and goals are good. But if we want our kids to realize their full physical health, learning and social ability, sleep is important. We have to start taking sleep seriously. Parents make bedtime routines and carry out (执行) strict rules about nighttime. But in fact, these measures aren’t enough because enough sleep isn’t just about carrying out stricter bedtime. It actually requires (需要) more than that. In order to ensure our kids get the sleep they need, both parents and schools should make an effort. 1．When does the writer’s son usually go to bed at night? A．At 9:00. B．At 9:30. C．At 10:00. D．At 10:30. 2．The writer mentions _______ ways to help kids grow and develop in Paragraph 2. A．3 B．4 C．5 D．6 3．According to the third paragraph, which sentence is TRUE? A．As parents we should not help kids with their homework. B．The writer thinks taking honors courses is necessary. C．Activities, responsibilities and goals are bad. D．We need to be serious about sleep. 4．What’s the writer’s purpose (目的) in writing the text? A．The writer wants to cut out all his son’s activities. B．The writer questions the advantages (优点) of honors courses. C．The writer will carry out rules about nighttime more strictly. D．The writer expects to deal with the relation between sleep and activities. Passage 2 （24-25八年级下·辽宁抚顺·期中） Germs (细菌) are everywhere. You can’t see them, but they are on your desk, on your computer, and even in the air! Like people, germs move around the world. They fly with us on planes. When food, clothes, and other things travel around the world, germs travel, too. Some germs are safe, but some are dangerous. Germs cause illnesses (疾病) like colds and the flu (流感). Warmer Weather Brings Germs The world’s weather is changing. Cooler countries are getting warmer, so insects (昆虫) from hot countries can move there. Some of these insects, like mosquitoes (蚊子), carry dangerous germs. These germs cause headaches, fever, and can even kill people. Under Your Skin (皮肤) Your skin protects (保护) you from germs. It stops some germs, but not all. They can enter (进入) your body when you eat, or when you have a cut. Germs are on your hands, too. They enter your body when you touch your eyes, nose, or mouth. Fighting Germs Your immune system (免疫系统) protects you, too. When germs get inside your body, your immune system finds and kills them. Special cells (细胞) move around your body and fight germs. They help you stay healthy. Other cells make antibodies (抗体). Antibodies help your body find and stop germs. What can you do to fight germs? You should wash your hands with soap (肥皂) and water. Soap kills many germs, and water washes them away. 1．According to the text, insects ________. A．kill germs B．carry germs C．protect germs D．love germs 2．The underlined word “there” refers to ________. A．cooler countries B．hot countries C．everywhere D．the world 3．Which of the following is right according to the text? A．All germs are dangerous. B．There are more germs in cold places. C．Soap can kill all germs. D．Some germs can get into your body. 4．What do antibodies do? A．They kill germs and wash them away. B．They help your body find and stop germs. C．They can change the weather. D．They carry dangerous germs. Passage 3 （24-25八年级下·辽宁鞍山·期中） Now more people have to work indoors with computers. This means much sitting and little exercise. We have known that if we don’t move much, we will get fatter, we will have heart problems and maybe we will get diabetes (糖尿病). But new studies have shown that it could hurt our mental (精神的) health, too. A study of 900 Brazilians (巴西人) found that about thirty-three percent of them sat for more than 10 hours per day. It reported that people who sat for too long often showed more symptoms (症状) of depression (抑郁). Another study was centered on children. It found that each extra (额外的) hour of sitting time at the age of 12, 14 and 16 led to (导致) higher depression points at age 18. But according to (根据) Mats Hallgren from Sweden, “Sitting for too long can slow the blood flow (流动) in the body.” It might be bad for the growth of neurons (神经细胞) in the head. Also, couch potatoes might do other unhealthy things while sitting, such as eating junk food. All of these may lead to depression. The good news? It’s easy to control. Aaron Kandola from University College London, said even light exercise might help. “It is great to exercise and play sports,” said Kandola. But anything you can do to avoid (避免) sitting for too long will help with emotion (情绪), stress and thinking clearly. The key is just to move more often. 1．What might happen if we sit for a long time according to the passage? ①We may become fatter.    ②We will be more creative.    ③Our mental health may be hurt. ④Our blood will flow more slowly.                    ⑤Our neurons in the head will grow. A．①③④ B．②③⑤ C．①②③ D．③④⑤ 2．According to the study, about ________ Brazilians sat for more than 10 hours a day. A．200 B．300 C．500 D．900 3．The underlined phrase “couch potatoes” means people who ________. A．eat healthily B．sit for too long C．have diabetes D．like sports 4．Which of the following will the writer agree with? A．Playing sports may cause depression. B．Thirty-three percent of Brazilians have diabetes. C．It’s easy to control depression when you are 18. D．Exercise can help improve one’s emotion. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题01 阅读理解之说明文 主题01 人与自我——日常生活 Passage 1 （25-26八年级上·辽宁铁岭·期中） ①Do you like to travel alone? Or do you think it’s better to travel with friends? I will explain the advantages (优点) of both ways. ②One of the great things about traveling alone is that you make the rules about where you go and what you eat. You’ll be surprised at what you discover about yourself. Travelling alone really shows who you really are and helps you to discover inner strength. Besides, it also gives you time to think, learn and grow. When your eyes are wide open, you’ll get a whole new look at the world. ③It’s easy to think that travelling alone is lonely. Although that may sometimes be true, you’re hardly ever alone. When you travel in a one-person team, this can provide (提供) a chance for you to enjoy the most interesting part of travel-communicating with the local people and meeting travelers from all corners of the world. ④In fact, travelling to know more about the world is not easy. You need to do research and make choices. And things can often go wrong. One of the main advantages of travelling with friends is being able to share these things and help each other along the way. ⑤Just as your mother always says, it’s true that travelling with others can give you a feeling of safety, especially when you’re new to travel. If you get lost or have any trouble, there’s someone to hold your hand. ⑥There’s no right or wrong way to travel. Whether you travel alone or team up with friends, it depends on you. 1．How does the writer introduce (介绍) the topic of the passage in Para.1? A．By telling a story. B．By giving examples. C．By asking questions. D．By using numbers. 2．What does the underlined word “it” refer to? A．Travelling alone. B．Inner strength. C．Going travelling. D．Travelling with others. 3．Which of the following is NOT an advantage of travelling with friends? A．Sharing a lot of things. B．Knowing yourself better. C．Getting help easily. D．Having a feeling of safety. 4．What’s the structure (结构) of the passage? A．①/②③/④⑤/⑥ B．①/②③④/⑤/⑥ C．①/②/③④/⑤/⑥ D．①/②③④/⑤⑥ 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文主要讲述了独自旅行与和朋友旅行各自的优点，并说明旅行方式并无对错，取决于个人选择。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Do you like to travel alone? Or do you think it’s better to travel with friends?”可知，作者通过提出问题的方式引出文章主题。故选C。 2．词句猜测题。根据第二段“Travelling alone really shows who you really are and helps you to discover inner strength. Besides, it also gives you time to think, learn and grow.”可知，此处“it”指代前文的“Travelling alone”。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据第二段“Travelling alone really shows who you really are and helps you to discover inner strength.”可知，“更了解自己”是独自旅行的优点，并非和朋友旅行的优点。故选B。 4．篇章结构题。根据全文可知，第一段引出主题；第二、三段介绍独自旅行的优点；第四、五段介绍和朋友旅行的优点；第六段总结旅行方式取决于个人。结构为①/②③/④⑤/⑥。故选A。 Passage 2 （24-25八年级下·辽宁铁岭·期中） According to a new study, kids can improve their brainpower (智力) by cooking, gardening and cleaning around the house. It’s a study of 207 children. Scientists have found that housework like making meals and caring for plants had something to do with planning, self-controlling and remembering things. Collected (收集) from children aged 5 to 13 in mid-2020, the results showed 86 percent of kids put their dirty clothes in the right place and cleaned up after playing. But only 59 percent made their own beds, just 26 percent sorted (分类) clothes after washing and 10 percent helped with cooking. Older children are more likely (可能) to do housework than younger ones. Girls do more housework than boys. For example, only 49 percent of boys but 70 percent of girls made their own beds. Around 60 percent of kids, including (包括) 50 percent of boys and 61 percent of girls, helped do the dishes. Only 34 percent of kids aged five to seven did this, but 64 percent of those aged 11 to 13 helped. “Children who often cook meals for their family may be more likely to be good at other ways of life-like schoolwork or problem-solving,” the lead researcher of the study, Ms. Tepper said. 1．What can improve kids’ brainpower according to Paragraph 1? A．Reading. B．Cooking. C．Painting. D．Working. 2．According to the study, what kind of housework are the children most likely to do? A．Help with cooking. B．Make their own beds. C．Clean up after playing. D．Sort clothes after washing. 3．What can we know from Paragraph 4? A． B． C． D． 4．What is the writer’s opinion towards children doing housework? A．Agree. B．Worry. C．Disagree. D．Don’t know. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文主要讲述了一项研究表明烹饪、园艺等家务劳动有助于提升儿童的智力发展，并通过调查数据分析了不同年龄、性别儿童参与家务的情况差异，最后指出经常做家务的孩子可能在其他领域也表现更好。 1．细节理解题。根据“According to a new study, kids can improve their brainpower (智力) by cooking, gardening and cleaning around the house.”可知，烹饪可以提升孩子的智力。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“the results showed 86 percent of kids put their dirty clothes in the right place and cleaned up after playing.”可知，孩子们最可能做的家务是玩耍后收拾整理。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据“only 49 percent of boys but 70 percent of girls made their own beds.”可知， 49%的男孩自己铺床，选项B图示正确。故选B。 4．观点态度题。全文通过研究数据正面论述做家务对儿童发展的益处，且引用研究员话语“Children who often cook…may be more likely to be good at…schoolwork”表明支持态度。故选A。 主题02人与社会——人际关系与志愿者服务 Passage 1 （24-25八年级下·辽宁锦州·期中） In today’s world, applying to (申请) colleges, even jobs, asks questions about your volunteer experience. This is great! I know some people who are quick to talk about how they help others. Smiling big, they tell me about the number of volunteer hours. But sometimes I find out that they don’t even know the task (任务) of the group! Although this only happened twice, it really troubled me. So I start to think that maybe this isn’t the best way to think about helping others. ________ It should be more about making your community (社区) better, and learning what it means to be a good person in our world. You should think about helping others, not about how it will benefit you. The best way to fix this is to change what colleges and jobs ask for. Instead of asking “how many hours have you helped”, they should ask “how have you made things better for others”. They should ask people to explain, and look for people who really care and try hard, instead of just seeing the hours they’ve spent. We, the students, can also help fix this. Try to forget about the hours, because they’re not important. Choose groups you care about and learn about the people you’re helping. Don’t help because you have to but because it’s the right thing to do as a person. Next time you hear a friend talking about how many hours they’ve helped, tell them that numbers don’t change the world. 1．Which of the following can be put in “________”? A．Why don’t you try volunteering? B．Helping others shouldn’t be only about numbers. C．More and more people are helping the community. D．Maybe you know why to help others. 2．What does the underlined word “benefit” mean in Paragraph 2? A．Be interested in. B．Be good for. C．Be bad for. D．Be popular with. 3．Which is NOT a good way for the students to think about? A．Helping because you have to. B．Caring about and choosing a group. C．Learning about the people in need. D．Thinking it’s the right thing to do. 4．What’s the writer’s attitude (态度) towards the number of volunteer hours? A．The writer loves it very much. B．The writer agrees with it strongly. C．The writer is careful about it. D．The writer doesn’t think it is important. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．A 4．D 【导语】本文主要讨论了当前社会在申请大学或工作时过分关注志愿者服务时长的问题，并提出了改进建议。 1．推理判断题。根据下一句“It should be more about making your community (社区) better, and learning what it means to be a good person in our world.”可知，帮助他人应该更多地是让社区变得更好，以及学会在世界上成为一个好人意味着什么，此处主要讲述帮助人的意义。选项B“帮助他人不应该仅仅与数字有关。”引起下文，符合语境。故选B。 2．词句猜测题。根据“ You should think about helping others, not about how it will benefit you.”可知，作者希望人们想着帮助他人，而不是想着对自己有什么好处。这里“benefit”意为“对……有好处”，与“be good for”同义。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据“Don’t help because you have to but because it’s the right thing to do as a person.”可知，不要因为不得不去帮助他人，而要因为作为一个人这是正确的事情去帮助他人。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据“Try to forget about the hours, because they’re not important.”和“Next time you hear a friend talking about how many hours they’ve helped, tell them that numbers don’t change the world.”以及全文可知，作者认为志愿者服务时长并不重要。故选D。 Passage 2 （24-25八年级下·辽宁铁岭·期中） Our parents are important people in our life. They are our first teachers in our life. They love us and help us all the time. But do you want to get on well with them? Here are some suggestions (建议) to help you to be happy with your parents. Have fun together How much time do you spend just enjoying being with each other? Ask your parents to play with you. Go outside together, try some sports, or go to the movies. Be kind Little things may bring a lot to your parents. Make a meal for them by yourself and that can make your parents happy. Ask for help When you are in trouble or meet some sad things, you can ask your parents for help and advice. They will be happy to listen to you and help you. Have a try You don’t have to be the best but you need to have a try. They will be happy to see you have the courage (勇气) to make your dream come true. It lets them know they’re doing a good job in helping you grow up. 1．Why are our parents important people for us? A．They teach us first in class. B．They love us sometimes. C．They always give us a hand. D．They are happy all the time. 2．How do you have fun with your parents according to (根据) the passage? A．By reading books alone. B．By doing homework carefully. C．By telling them funny things. D．By going outside together. 3．What should you do if you have a problem? A．Listen to your teachers. B．Ask your parents for help. C．Turn to your friends around. D．Try to be the best of yourself. 4．What is the best title for this text? A．How to Love and Teach Kids B．How to Talk with Your Parents C．How to Keep Happy with Your Parents D．How to Try to Be the Best of Yourself 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文主要讲述了如何与父母保持良好的关系，并提供了具体的建议，如一起玩乐、表达善意、寻求帮助和勇于尝试等。 1．细节理解题。根据“They are our first teachers in our life. They love us and help us all the time.”可知，父母是我们的第一位老师，他们一直爱我们并帮助我们。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据“Go outside together, try some sports, or go to the movies.”可知，与父母一起外出、尝试运动或看电影是增进感情的方式。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据“When you are in trouble or meet some sad things, you can ask your parents for help and advice.”可知，遇到问题时应该向父母寻求帮助。故选B。 4．最佳标题题。文章主要提供了与父母保持良好关系的建议，包括一起玩乐、表达善意、寻求帮助和勇于尝试等。故选C。 Passage 3 （24-25八年级下·辽宁丹东·期中） Some people think only school children do not agree with their parents, however, it is not true. Parent-child communication is a problem for people of all age groups. If it’s hard for you to communicate with your parents, don’t worry about it. Here is some advice for you to bridge the generation gap (代沟). Don’t argue with your parents. Don’t get to your parents when you are angry. Your parents probably won’t consider your ideas if you are shouting at them. And you can’t express yourself well if you are angry. Go someplace to cool off. Make sure you understand why you are unhappy. Then think about what you want to say to your parents. If you don’t think you can speak to them at the moment, try writing a letter. Try to reach a compromise (和解). Perhaps you and your parents disagree on something. You can keep your disagreement and try your best to accept each other. Michael’s mother didn’t agree with him about buying a motorcycle. They argued over it. But they finally came to a compromise. Michael bought the motorcycle, but only drove it on certain days. Of course, your parents might refuse to compromise on something. In these situations, it is especially important to show love and respect to them. Showing respect will keep your relationship strong. Talk about your values (价值观). The values of your parents are probably different from those of your own. Tell your parents what you care about, and why. Understanding your values might help them see your purposes in life. A good relationship (关系) with your parents can make you a better and happier person. It is worth having a try! 1．According to the passage, who have the communication problem with each other? A．Parents and children of all ages. B．Parents and children’s friends. C．Young parents and other people. D．Only school children and their teachers. 2．What do the underlined words “cool off” in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Have a good rest. B．Hide yourself quickly. C．Make yourself happy. D．Get yourself quiet and relaxed. 3．How many pieces of advice does the writer give to bridge the generation gap? A．5. B．4. C．3. D．2. 4．What is the structure of the text? (①—⑤for each paragraph) A．①/②③/④⑤ B．①/②③④/⑤ C．①②/③/④⑤ D．①②/③④/⑤ 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章指出亲子沟通是各年龄段都存在的问题，针对该问题给出三条建议，分别是别和父母争吵、尝试达成和解、谈论价值观，旨在帮助人们改善亲子关系，拥有更好的家庭沟通。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Parent-child communication is a problem for people of all age groups.”可知，各年龄段的父母和孩子间都有沟通问题。故选A。 2．词义猜测题。根据第二段“Go someplace to cool off. Make sure you understand why you are unhappy. Then think about what you want to say to your parents.”可知，一定要弄清楚自己为何不开心，然后思考一下你想要对父母说些什么；据此可以推断，划线单词“cool off”的意思是让自己从愤怒情绪中冷静下来，放松点。故选D。 3．推理判断题。文章第二、三、四段分别给出建议，即“Don’t argue with your parents.”、“Try to reach a compromise.”以及“Talk about your values.”，共3条建议。故选C。 4．篇章结构题。第一段，总述亲子沟通是各年龄段问题并引出改善代沟的建议；第二、三、四段分别阐述三条具体建议；第五段，总结良好亲子关系的意义；因此，本文的结构是“总——分——总”，即①/②③④/⑤。故选B。 Passage 4 （24-25八年级下·辽宁鞍山·期中） It’s easy to have a fight in your family. Sometimes your parents fight with each other, or you fight with your parents, or even you fight with your brother or sister. When it happens, you may feel sad or even angry. Remember even people who love each other fight sometimes. When you’re sad or angry, keep calm and then try thinking of a way to solve the problem. You could go out to run around or play a ball, or just find a quiet place and relax. When you’re really calm, talk with the person you argued with. Then maybe you’ll feel much better. Even if you’re very angry, never hurt anyone in your family. That could only make things get worse. If your brother or sister hurts you, it’s important to tell your parents. It’s also important to tell an adult if your parent hurts you. You could have a family meeting to talk about it when the fight happens. At the meeting, everyone should tell how they feel and give their advice. Sometimes, you should visit a family doctor to talk about the problems and get advice. It’s not always easy to stop families from fighting. But working together can make it work. 1．The first paragraph mainly tells us ________. A．when there might be a fight in a family B．family members love each other very much C．what you can do when there is a family fight D．it’s common to have a family fight 2．What shouldn’t you do when there is a fight in your family? A．Visit someone and get advice. B．Hurt the person who argued with you. C．Find a quiet place to calm down. D．Have a family meeting to talk about it. 3．Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? A．A family meeting could help with the fight in your family. B．It’s not easy for you to stop your family fighting alone. C．You can visit a family doctor to get advice on your family fight. D．The people in a family fight because they don’t love each other. 4．What’s the best title for the passage? A．Never Fight with Anyone in Your Family. B．A Family Fight May Hurt Everyone in Your Family. C．What You Should Do When a Family Fight Happens. D．Try to Do Something to Stop the Fight in Your Family. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了当家庭成员之间发生争吵时，应该如何应对，如保持冷静、再生气也不伤害任何家人、向家庭医生求助等。 1．主旨大意题。根据第一段最后一句“Remember even people who love each other fight sometimes.”可知，家庭成员之间吵架是很正常的。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“Even if you’re very angry, never hurt anyone in your family.”可知，当家人之间发生争吵时，再生气也不能伤害任何家人。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“Remember even people who love each other fight sometimes.”可知，深爱对方的人有时也会争吵，因此D项“一个家庭的人打架是因为他们不爱对方”的表述错误。故选D。 4．最佳标题题。整篇文章主要谈论了当家庭成员之间发生争吵时该怎样做。故选C。 主题03 人与社会——文学、艺术、历史 Passage 1 （24-25八年级下·辽宁锦州·期中） The 2025 Spring Festival Gala’s new mascot (吉祥物) “Si Sheng Sheng” is here! It’s a cute snake in the form of the old Chinese character “巳”. It looks funny and is full of good wishes. Let’s learn more about it! Meet “Si Sheng Sheng” As the Year of the Snake comes closer, China Media Group introduced the Spring Festival Gala mascot “Si Sheng Sheng” in December, 2024. Its design (设计) comes from old Chinese culture and has a happy and lucky feeling. Here’s why “Si Sheng Sheng” is special: The spirals (螺旋) on its head and face are from the silver things in Famen Temple (法门寺) , Shaanxi Province in the Tang Dynasty. A bat (蝙蝠) picture on its head and a knot (结) on its tail mean “happiness from the start.” The eyebrows (眉毛) look like the ones on the old bronze snakes at the Sanxingdui Site in Sichuan Province. The body has special pictures of the flowers and branches (树枝) that mean life and growth. The flowers on its body stand for spring. Cultural Ideas The silver Ruyi from Famen Temple gave ideas for the mascot. The Ruyi is 50cm long and weighs over 762g. Its head is like a cloud and has a Buddha (佛) picture, showing good wishes. In old China, “Ruyi” was a tool to make your back feel better when it was uncomfortable and also meant good luck. “Ruyi” means “as you wish” in Chinese culture. This cute mascot mixes history, culture, and fun. It brings everyone good luck for the new year. Happy Year of the Snake! 1．What can we know about “Si Sheng Sheng”? A．It is in the form of the old Chinese painting. B．It looks lovely and is full of happiness. C．the Spring Festival Gala introduced it in December, 2024. D．Its design (设计) make people feel happy and lucky. 2．What does “Si Sheng Sheng” look like? A． B． C． D． 3．Why is the Famen Temple silver Ruyi mentioned? A．Because it is famous for being very heavy. B．Because it is meaningful as it stands for spring. C．Because it was made for the Spring Festival Gala. D．Because it helped make the design of “Si Sheng Sheng”. 4．What is the article about? A．It explains how the mascot was made step by step. B．It lists things that happen at the Spring Festival Gala. C．It describes the mascot’s design and cultural meaning. D．It compares (比较) “Si Sheng Sheng” with other mascots. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了2025年春节联欢晚会的吉祥物“巳升升”的设计和文化意义。 1． 细节理解题。根据“Its design (设计) comes from old Chinese culture and has a happy and lucky feeling.”可知，它的设计给人一种幸福和幸运的感觉。故选D。 2． 推理判断题。根据“The spirals (螺旋) on its head and face”、“A bat (蝙蝠) picture on its head and a knot (结) on its tail”、“The eyebrows (眉毛) look like the ones on the old bronze snakes at the Sanxingdui Site in Sichuan Province.”以及“The body has special pictures of the flowers and branches (树枝) that mean life and growth.”可知，它的身体上有花朵和树枝的特殊图案，故推出选项B符合。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据“The silver Ruyi from Famen Temple gave ideas for the mascot.可知，法门寺的银色如意为吉祥物提供了灵感。所以，本文提到法门寺银如意是因为它有助于“巳升升”的设计。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。根据全文可知，本文主要介绍了2025年春节联欢晚会的吉祥物“巳升升”的设计和文化意义。故选C。 Passage 2 （24-25八年级下·辽宁盘锦·期中） Have you watched the cartoon film Ne Zha 2? Have you heard of DeepSeek recently? Surprisingly, they are all created by young power who are leading China to a better future. Four of them are especially excellent. Let’s take a look at what achievements they have made: Yang Yu (Jiao Zi), the director of “Ne Zha 2” was born in 1980 in Luzhou, Sichuan province. Just like Ne Zha, he overcame many difficulties, spending five years, bringing traditional stories to life with creativity. Besides, the movie has more than 1,900 special effect shots that are really amazing. Since the movie came out, it has broken the box office (票房) in Chinese film history and became a hit. Born in 1985 in a small town in Guangdong province, Liang Wenfeng showed a strong interest in AI technology from a young age and founded DeepSeek in 2023. Now DeepSeek’s app became the most downloaded free app in both China and the US. Although five years younger than Liang Wenfeng, Wang Xingxing from Zhejiang Province set up Unitree, a world famous technology company which developed the robots used in the dance performance “YangBOT”. These robots are not only for fun but also help in different tasks, such as carrying heavy objects and even taking part in rescue (救援). Feng Ji who was born in 1982 in Jingzhou, Hubei created a high-quality gaming Black Myth: Wukong (黑神话：悟空), China’s first big 3A game and won a prize. These young people are hard-working and not afraid to try new things, facing challenges bravely. They are truly role models and their unexpected success is an inspiration to all the Chinese. 1．How many special effect shots are there in “Ne Zha 2”? A．Over 1,980. B．About 1,980. C．Over 1,900. D．Less than 1,900. 2．What does the underlined phrase “became a hit” probably mean? A．Break the ice. B．Hit something. C．Achieve success. D．Meet with failure. 3．What can we learn from the passage? A．Wang Xingxing is the youngest of the four famous people. B．These young people were all born in Hubei province. C．YangBOT is a kind of AI app developed by Jiao Zi. D．Feng Ji showed a strong interest in AI technology when he was young. 4．What’s the best title of this passage? A．Young power, leading the future in culture and technology B．China’s great progress in art and science C．Different people have different dreams D．Four achievements in Chinese history 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．A 4．A 【导语】本文主要介绍了四位年轻人在文化和科技领域的杰出成就，展现了年轻力量如何引领未来。 1．细节理解题。根据“the movie has more than 1,900 special effect shots that are really amazing”可知，《哪吒2》有1900多个特效镜头，故选C。 2．词义猜测题。根据“Since the movie came out, it has broken the box office (票房) in Chinese film history and became a hit.”可知，电影打破了票房纪录，说明它取得了巨大成功。因此，“became a hit”意为“取得成功”。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“Yang Yu (Jiao Zi), the director of “Ne Zha 2” was born in 1980 in Luzhou, Sichuan province.”以及“Born in 1985 in a small town in Guangdong province, Liang Wenfeng”以及“Although five years younger than Liang Wenfeng, Wang Xingxing from Zhejiang Province set up Unitree”以及“Feng Ji who was born in 1982 in Jingzhou, Hubei”可知，通过出生年份对比可知王兴兴出生最晚，是最年轻的，故选A。 4．最佳标题题。全文介绍了四位年轻人在文化和科技领域的成就，展现了年轻力量如何引领未来。因此，A选项“年轻的力量，引领文化科技的未来”适合，故选A。 Passage 3 （24-25八年级下·辽宁沈阳·期中） Do you like wearing colorful clothes? Today, we can get colorful clothes easily. But how about people in old times? Tie-dye (扎染) is a very old way of dyeing clothes in China. It’s more than 1, 000 years old. People in the past made it by hand. To tie-dye, you first need to use thread (麻绳) to tie your cloth together. Then you put the cloth into the dye. Some parts of the cloth will become dark blue, while other parts will be lighter in color. When you open out the cloth, you’ll see beautiful patterns. In 2006, the tie-dye skill became China’s national intangible cultural heritage (国家级非物质文化遗产). Anning in Yunnan is famous for tie-dye. Yang Cheng, 52, learned to tie-dye from his mother in the 1980s. Now he is still doing the job and has taught his daughter this skill. Yang continues the old skill of tie-dye. At the same time, he goes to learn new tie-dye skills in other countries, such as Japan, India and France. Yang once made two sets of tie-dyed special dresses. It took him about two years. He used many skills of Anning tie-dye to finish them. Some patterns on the dresses are traditional, while some are modern. “I want to put all the beautiful things into tie-dye works. ” he said. Yang now teaches tie-dye in many places. More than 100, 000 people have learned from him. Some people worry that there won’t be tie-dye any more because using machines is fast and cheap. But Yang said, “machines can’t take the place of our creative hands.” 1．What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A．How to make tie-dye. B．Where to find tie-dye. C．Why to keep tie-dye alive. D．What to learn about tie-dye. 2．The underlined word “them” in Paragraph 6 refers to ________. A．many skills of Anning tie-dye B．two sets of tie-dyed special dresses C．some traditional patterns on the dresses D．all the beautiful things in tie-dye works 3．What can we know about Yang Cheng? A．He makes tie-dye an easy job. B．He taught his son the skill of tie-dye. C．He has never been to other countries. D．He works hard to improve his tie-dye skills. 4．What can we infer (推断) from tie-dye? A．People can only see tie-dye in China. B．Yang Cheng plans to teach others tie-dye skills. C．We can buy beautiful tie-dyed dresses in Anning. D．Machines will take the place of the old skill of tie-dye. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了中国古老的扎染技艺及其传承与发展。 1．主旨大意题。根据“To tic-dye, you first need to use thread (麻绳) to tie your cloth together. Then you put the cloth into the dye. Some parts of the cloth will become dark blue, while other parts will be lighter in color. When you open out the cloth, you’ll see beautiful patterns.”可知，本段详细介绍了扎染的步骤。故选A。 2．词句猜测题。根据“Yang once made two sets of tie-dyed special dresses. It took him about two years. He used many skills of Anning tie-dye to finish them.”可知，杨曾经做过两套扎染的特殊连衣裙，他花了大约两年的时间，故推出them指代前面提到的两套扎染的特殊连衣裙。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据“he goes to learn new tie-dye skills in other countries, such as Japan, India and France.”可知，他去日本、印度、法国学习新扎染技艺，证明他积极提升技能。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据“Anning in Yunnan is famous for tie-dye.”可知，云南安宁以扎染闻名，故推出可以在安宁买到漂亮的扎染连衣裙。故选C。 主题04 人与社会——健康 Passage 1 （24-25八年级下·辽宁锦州·期中） When you are busy with your schoolwork, you might find it hard to get enough sleep. We all know that not getting enough sleep is bad for our health. But some research (研究) found that less sleep could even cause you to have fewer friends. According to researchers from the University of California, people who don’t get enough sleep are less willing (adj.乐意，愿意) to socialize (v.社交) with others. They are simply too tired to go out. The researchers did a small study. They tested 18 young people who just had a good night’s sleep and then tested them again after a sleepless night. The participants (n.被试者) watched videos of people with neutral (adj.中性的) expressions walking toward them. When the person on the video got too “close” to them, they pushed a button (n.按钮) to stop the video, which recorded how close they allowed the person to get. The results showed that people kept the person at a distance of 60 percent further back if they didn’t get enough sleep. They felt that their personal space was being invaded (侵占). But when the participants got a good night’s sleep, they allowed the person to get much closer to them. According to lead researcher Matthew Walker, the less sleep you get, the less you want to socialize with others. In turn, other people may think you are weird (adj.奇怪的) and stay away from you. This can make you feel lonely and cause you to sleep even less. It becomes a vicious cycle (n.恶性循环). So if you want to be a more sociable (adj.善于社交的) and popular person, sleeping well might help. “One night of good sleep makes you feel more outgoing and socially confident,” said Walker. 1．“When you are busy with your schoolwork, you might find it hard to get enough sleep.” What does this sentence mean? A．Students are too busy with their schoolwork. B．Students have too much stress to go to sleep. C．Students are not allowed to get enough sleep by their teachers and parents. D．Students are too busy with their schoolwork to have enough time to sleep. 2．Researchers from the University of California believe that less sleep ______. A．makes school life harder B．is good for one’s health C．makes people less sociable D．causes people to become nervous 3．How did the researchers prove (v.证明) their point? A．They did a study of 18 young people. B．They watched videos of sleepy people. C．They interviewed people on the street.     D．They invited people to play a game. 4．Where can you read this article? A．A comic book. B．A sport magazine. C．A science report. D．A guide book. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了睡眠不足会影响人们的社交，并详细介绍了研究人员的研究过程与结果。 1．词句猜测题。根据“When you are busy with your schoolwork, you might find it hard to get enough sleep”可知当你忙于学业时，可能会发现很难获得充足睡眠，即学生太忙于学业，没有足够时间睡觉。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据“people who don’t get enough sleep are less willing (adj.乐意，愿意) to socialize (v.社交) with others.”可知，加州大学的研究者认为睡眠减少会让人们变得更不愿社交。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“They tested 18 young people...”可知，研究者通过对18名年轻人进行实验来证明观点。故选A。 4．推理判断题。本文主要介绍了睡眠不足会影响人们的社交，并详细介绍了研究人员的研究过程与结果，所以可能在一篇科学报告中读到本文。故选C。 Passage 2 （24-25八年级下·辽宁铁岭·期中） When you are ill, it’s important to take good care of yourself. Here are some steps to help you get better quickly. Step 1: Rest Rest is very important. Stay in bed and get plenty of sleep. If you can’t sleep, just lie down and relax. You can listen to soft music or read a book. But don’t do anything tiring. Step 2: Take medicine If the doctor gives you medicine, take it as directed (按指示服用). Don’t skip (跳过) doses (剂量) even if you start to feel better. Remember, the medicine is there to help you get well. Step 3: Eat healthy food Eat food that is easy to digest (消化), like soup, rice, and steamed vegetables. Avoid (避免) fried food and food that is high in fat. Drink plenty of water to keep your body hydrated (水分充足). Step 4: Get fresh air If the weather is nice, open the window or go outside for a short time. Fresh air can make you feel better. But don’t stay outside too long if you’re still not feeling well. Step 5: See the doctor again if necessary If you don’t start to feel better after a few days, or if your symptoms (症状) get worse, go back to the doctor. Don’t try to treat yourself without professional advice. By following these steps, you can help your body recover (恢复) from illness more quickly. 1．What should you do in Step 1? A．Go out and play. B．Do some exercise. C．Stay in bed and rest. D．Watch TV for a long time. 2．What should you do with the medicine? A．Take it as directed. B．Skip doses if you feel better. C．Don’t take it if you don’t like it. D．Take more than the directed amount. 3．Which kind of food should you eat when you’re ill? A．Fried food. B．Food high in fat. C．Soup and steamed vegetables. D．Ice-cream. 4．Why should you get fresh air when you’re ill? A．Because it can make you feel tired. B．Because it can make you feel better. C．Because it can make you feel cold. D．Because it can make you feel hot. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了生病时有助于快速康复的几个步骤，包括休息、按指示服药、吃健康食物、呼吸新鲜空气以及必要时再次看医生。 1．细节理解题。根据“Step 1: Rest Rest is very important. Stay in bed and get plenty of sleep.”可知，第一步应该卧床休息，故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据“Step 2: Take medicine If the doctor gives you medicine, take it as directed (按指示服用).”可知，应该按指示服药，故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据“Step 3: Eat healthy food Eat food that is easy to digest (消化), like soup, rice, and steamed vegetables.”可知，生病时应该喝汤和吃清蒸蔬菜这类容易消化的食物，故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据“Step 4: Get fresh air If the weather is nice, open the window or go outside for a short time. Fresh air can make you feel better.”可知，生病时呼吸新鲜空气是因为它能让你感觉好些，故选B。 Passage 3 （24-25八年级下·辽宁鞍山·期中） A good breakfast is the best way to start your day. In China, people in different places usually eat different kinds of food for breakfast. In many southern places, there are many breakfast foods made from rice. As we know, southern China has grown rice for thousands of years. Rice is widely (广泛地) planted there. However, in the north of China, people usually eat breakfast foods made from wheat (小麦) because the north grows wheat. Different people like different tastes. Some people love to eat porridge (粥) and baozi. Some people love to eat youtiao and drink soy milk (豆浆). There are also some famous breakfast foods in China. For example, people in Hunan love to eat rice noodles. They especially love spicy (辛辣的) rice noodles. Do you know jianbing guozi (煎饼果子)? It is a popular breakfast food in Tianjin, But now, people in other places can buy it easily. 1．Why do people in southern China usually eat breakfast foods made from rice? A．Because they are easy to make. B．Because they can be bought easily. C．Because rice is widely grown there. D．Because there are very few other foods. 2．What breakfast food does the writer NOT mention in the passage? A．Porridge. B．Youtiao. C．Baozi. D．Mantou. 3．From the passage, we can learn that ________. A．jianbing guozi can only be bought in Tianjin B．rice noodles are very popular in Hunan C．Chinese people always eat the same breakfast foods D．Chinese people only love to eat food made from rice 4．The passage is written to introduce (介绍) ________. A．three meals in China B．some Chinese breakfast foods C．how to make a healthy breakfast D．why the Chinese eat different breakfast foods 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 4．B 【导语】本文主要介绍了中国不同地区的早餐差异及原因。 1．细节理解题。根据“In many southern places, there are many breakfast foods made from rice. As we know, southern China has grown rice for thousands of years. Rice is widely planted there.”可知，南方人通常吃大米做的早餐是因为南方广泛地种植水稻。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据“Some people love to eat porridge and baozi. Some people love to eat youtiao and drink soy milk.”可知，文中提到的早餐食物有粥、油条和包子，没有提及馒头。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据“For example, people in Hunan love to eat rice noodles.”可知，米粉在湖南很受欢迎。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。根据“In China, people in different places usually eat different kinds of food for breakfast.”及下文内容可知，文章主要介绍了一些中国不同的早餐食物。故选B。 主题05 科技与科普 Passage 1 （24-25八年级下·辽宁沈阳·期中） DeepSeek Rocks the AI world ①For more than a month, the world has been very excited about a new AI model called DeepSeek-R1. The company behind it, also called DeepSeek, is a business based in Hangzhou, Zhejiang. ②The new AI first appeared on Jan 20. In just one week, it beat OpenAI’s ChatGPT and became number one free application (应用) in the App Store. What is so special about it? ③According to DeepSeek, the new AI model is as good at difficult activities like math as other big-time models. But it needs much less computing power (算力) to do that. It is also the cheapest of its kind and took only about 5.57 million US dollars (40.58 million yuan) to make. DeepSeek even uses advanced technology to understand and produce human-like texts. It can be used for many tasks, such as: - “Homework Help” : Explaining math problems or writing essays. - “Language Learning” : Translating between English and Chinese. - “Coding (代码) Assistance” : Supporting writing and fixing code. ④The achievement was largely thanks to an idea the scientist had when they trained it. Instead of using the traditional ways, DeepSeek mainly uses Reinforcement Learning (RL, 强化学习). It helps AI learn by working out the right way to do things on its own to get points. This makes R1 better at understanding and solving hard problems. ⑤What’s more, DeepSeek-R1 is open-source (开源的). Everyone is free to get a copy of its code. They can also change the code and make further improvements to meet their own needs. Being open-source is very important for sharing knowledge and making technology better for everyone, said Liang Wenfeng who set up Deepseek. 1．How quickly did’DeepSeek-R1 become the top free app after its release (发行)? A．Within one week. B．After one month. C．Immediately on its release day. D．It never reached the top place. 2．What is one of the main advantages of DeepSeek-R1 compared to other AI models? A．It can only be used for coding tasks. B．It is able to translate Chinese into English. C．It costs more to develop than other AI models. D．It performs well but using less calculating power. 3．How is the article organized? A． B． C． D． 4．What is the main purpose of this text? A．To compare different AI companies in China and the U. S. B．To explain why an open-source app is always better than a paid app. C．To introduce DeepSeek-R1, its advantages and effect on AI technology. D．To criticize (批评) the high cost of developing AI models like ChatGPT. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了AI模型DeepSeek-R1及其优势和影响。 1．细节理解题。根据“In just one week, it beat OpenAI’s ChatGPT and became number one free application (应用) in the App Store.”可知，DeepSeek-R1在发行一周内就成为了最热门的免费应用。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“According to DeepSeek, the new AI model is as good at difficult activities like math as other big-time models. But it needs much less computing power (算力) to do that.”可知，DeepSeek-R1与其他AI模型相比，表现出色但使用的算力更少。故选D。 3．篇章结构题。通读全文可知，文章第一段引出DeepSeek-R1，第二、三、四段分别从不同方面介绍它，呈现总-分结构。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了DeepSeek-R1及其优势和对AI技术的影响。故选C。 Passage 2 （24-25八年级下·辽宁沈阳·期中） Most people can’t remember their baby days, but some say they can. American scientists wanted to know why we forget those early times. They studied if babies can make memories. A researcher said, “Baby brains can make memories, but we’ re still finding out how long these memories last.” Scientists used special brain scanners (扫描仪) to look at a part of the brain called the hippocampus (海马体). This part is like a memory store. They found that two-month-old babies can recognize things like faces, voices, and daily habits. For example, if a baby hears a lullaby every night, their brain will start to remember that song. But babies probably can’t remember whole events, like “the day we went to the zoo.” That’s because the hippocampus needs time to get stronger. Think of it like building muscles. You can’t lift heavy things until your muscles grow. Before that, babies only store small pieces of information, not full stories. So, next time you see a baby smile at a familiar face, they might be making a little memory. Even though they won’t remember it when they grow up, their brain is busy storing these early experiences. Scientists are still learning how these first memories change us as we grow. 1．What did American scientists want to know? A．Why babies often cry at midnight B．When babies begin to learn to walk. C．Whether babies can form memories. D．How babies choose their favorite toys. 2．What is the hippocampus like? A．A film that helps babies record sounds. B．A camera that helps babies take photos. C．A shop that helps babies store memories. D．A tool that helps babies move their hands. 3．Babies can remember more if ________. A．their hippocampus gets stronger B．they are able to get enough sleep C．they hear the same story every night D．their muscles develop more quickly 4．What does the word “still” imply (暗示) in the last sentence? A．Scientists have stopped studying this completely. B．The research on babies’ memories is continuing. C．It is easy for scientists to learn about first memories. D．Many memories from baby days will disappear forever. 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文主要讲述了美国科学家对婴儿记忆能力的研究，探讨了婴儿如何形成记忆、海马体的作用以及记忆能力如何随着时间发展，并指出相关研究仍在进行中。 1．细节理解题。根据“American scientists wanted to know why we forget those early times. They studied if babies can make memories.”可知，美国科学家想了解为什么我们会忘记婴儿时期的记忆，以及婴儿是否能形成记忆。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据“This part is like a memory store.”可知，海马体就像一个记忆存储库。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“That’s because the hippocampus needs time to get stronger. Think of it like building muscles. You can’t lift heavy things until your muscles grow.”可知，婴儿的记忆能力会随着海马体的发育而增强。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据“Scientists are still learning how these first memories change us as we grow.”中的“still”一词可以推断，科学家对婴儿记忆的研究仍在继续。故选B。 主题06 人与自然 Passage 1 （24-25八年级下·辽宁沈阳·期中） China is home to many amazing animals, like giant pandas, tigers, and golden monkeys. However, these animals are in danger because of hunting, pollution, and loss of their homes. We must work together to protect them. Why Wildlife Matters Animals help keep nature in balance. For example, birds spread seeds, and bees help plants grow. If animals disappear, the environment will suffer. Some species, like the Yangtze River dolphin, are already gone forever. We must act now to save others. What China Is Doing China has made new laws to stop hunting and protect animal habitats (栖息地). Nature reserves, like the ones for pandas, help animals live safely. Scientists are also breeding (繁殖) endangered animals and releasing (释放) them back into the wild. How You Can Help Everyone can do something to protect wildlife: -Do not buy goods made from endangered animals. -Follow the rules when visiting nature reserves. -Tell others about wildlife protection. -Report illegal (非法的) hunting or selling of animals. A Better Future If we act now, animals like pandas and tigers can survive. Protecting wildlife means protecting our future. Let’s work together to keep China’s nature beautiful and full of life! 1．What is the main reason why some animals in China are disappearing? A．They don’t like the weather. B．They are short of proper food. C．They want to live in other countries. D．They don’t have enough room to live in. 2．What will probably happen because of China’s wildlife protection laws? A．People can hunt if necessary. B．All animals will move to zoos. C．There may be less illegal hunting. D．Animal habitats must be enlarged (扩大). 3．How can students help protect animals? A．By keeping wild animals in zoos. B．By knowing more about wild animals. C．By drawing posters of endangered animals. D．By feeding wild animals on their favorite food. 4．What’s the main idea of the passage? A．Wild animals in China are disappearing. B．Zoos are the best places for wild animals. C．China’s wildlife requires protection from everyone. D．Human activities have destroyed wild animals’ homes. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．C 4．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了中国是众多神奇动物的家园，但这些动物正因捕猎、污染和栖息地丧失而濒临灭绝，然后介绍了中国为保护野生动物所采取的措施，最后呼吁大家共同努力，保护野生动物，守护中国的自然之美，为动物和人类创造更美好的未来。 1．细节理解题。根据“these animals are in danger because of hunting, pollution, and loss of their homes”可知，动物消失的原因包括捕猎、污染和栖息地丧失。故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据“China has made new laws to stop hunting”可知，新法律旨在阻止捕猎，所以非法捕猎可能会减少。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据“How You Can Help”中“Tell others about wildlife protection”可推知，绘制濒危动物海报属于其中一种宣传方式，可以让更多的人了解到濒危动物的现状，从而提高人们对野生动物保护的意识。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。通读文章内容可知，本文整体围绕中国野生动物保护展开，强调了野生动物的重要性、中国的保护措施以及个人的帮助方式，选项C“中国的野生动物需要每个人的保护。”符合文章主旨。故选C。 Passage 2 （24-25八年级下·辽宁葫芦岛·期中） Maybe most people have heard of the saying, “Guilin’s scenery (景色) is the best in the world.” In fact, the 83-kilometer-long part of the Lijiang River between Guilin and Yangshuo is the most beautiful. There are thousands of karst (喀斯特) mountains along the Lijiang River. Several famous people in the world have visited it, such as Bill Clinton, George Bush and Bill Gates. A lot of tourists go to the Lijiang River, and many artists draw it in so many Chinese paintings. There are thick bamboos (竹子) on both sides. It is said that Zhou Enlai advised people to plant that kind of bamboo there. The best time to enjoy the beauty of the Lijiang River is in the three seasons. Spring is quite comfortable for visiting, because the Lijiang River is warm and green. Summer is the rainy season. Visiting in rain is also fun. Autumn is the most proper season for traveling. The weather is clear and cool, and you can enjoy the blue sky. Unluckily, there are lots of visitors at that time. While you are visiting from Guilin to Yangshuo by boat, you can sit around a table and enjoy the beautiful scenery. You can also go up to the open place on the boat to take pictures. But never swim in the river. It’s too dangerous. You are also not allowed to get off the boat until you arrive in Yangshuo. Then you can enjoy another very beautiful place. 1．How does the writer start the text? A．By listing numbers. B．By using sayings. C．By asking questions. D．By telling stories. 2．Autumn is one of the best seasons to visit the Lijiang River because _________. A．it’s fun to visit in rain B．the river is warm and green C．there are fewer tourists D．the weather is clear and cool 3．Tourists can _________ while traveling by boat from Guilin to Yangshuo. ① swim happily in the river        ② sit and enjoy the scenery ③ take pictures on the boat        ④ get off the boat during the trip A．①② B．①③ C．②③ D．②④ 4．What’s the best title of this passage? A．The famous visitors to Guilin B．The beauty of the Lijiang River C．The best time to visit Guilin D．The history of the Lijiang River 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文介绍了漓江最美的一段风景、适合游览的季节、船上旅游的注意事项以及它所吸引的中外游客。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Maybe most people have heard of the saying, ‘Guilin’s scenery is the best in the world.’”可知，作者用一句名言作为开头。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Autumn is the most proper season for traveling. The weather is clear and cool”可知，秋天的天气晴朗凉爽，是最适合旅行的季节。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段“You can sit around a table and enjoy the beautiful scenery. You can also go up to the open place on the boat to take pictures.”可知，②③正确；又根据“But never swim in the river”和“You are also not allowed to get off the boat until you arrive in Yangshuo.”可知①④错误。故选C。 4．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，文章主要围绕漓江的风景、游客体验、最佳游览时间等内容进行描述，标题应概括整篇内容，故“The beauty of the Lijiang River”最合适。故选B。 主题01 人与自我——日常生活 Passage 1 （24-25八年级下·辽宁沈阳·期中） ①Eric Bauza is a Canadian voice actor who works on animated (动画的) movies. He has lent his voice to many famous cartoon characters, like Bugs Bunny and Scooby-Doo, which you might have seen on TV! ②When Eric Bauza was young, he loved watching cartoons. But he never thought that doing voices for cartoons could be his job one day. In college, he studied radio, TV, and film. He found he really liked radio work. This helped him learn to use his voice in fun ways, and it was important for his future job. ③Bauza says voice acting is a lot like other kinds of acting. Even though you don’t see the actors on the screen, they still need to show real feelings. This way, people can feel close to the cartoon characters. ④Besides voice actors, there are other jobs in making cartoons. Some artists draw pictures like in comic books. Animators make the characters move, and sound mixers add music and sounds to make the scenes better. ⑤If you want to be a voice actor, Bauza says practice is key. Reading out loud often can make you better at speaking. You can also try imitating different voices you hear in movies or on TV. You don’t have to remember all the lines by heart, but it’s hard to make the characters sound real. Bauza’s story tells us that if you love something and work hard, you can turn your hobby into a great job. 1．What helped Bauza learn to use his voice in fun ways? A．The love of watching cartoons. B．The deep love of radio work. C．The importance of future job. D．The dream of being a voice actor. 2．How many kinds of jobs are mentioned in Paragraph 4? A．Two. B．Three. C．Four. D．Five. 3．What advice does Bauza give to future voice actors? A．Listen to different voices. B．Practise reading aloud. C．Learn to draw cartoons. D．Remember all the lines. 4．What can be the best title (标题) for the text? A．The voice behind cartoon characters. B．Eric Bauza: The best voice actor. C．How to turn your hobby into a job. D．A story of a famous cartoon maker. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文介绍加拿大配音演员Eric Bauza，讲述他从热爱卡通、大学学习相关专业，到成为配音演员的经历，还提及制作卡通的其他职业，以及他给未来配音演员的建议，传达热爱并努力可将爱好变工作的理念。 1．细节理解题。根据“He found he really liked radio work. This helped him learn to use his voice in fun ways...”可知，是对广播工作的热爱帮助他学会有趣运用声音。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“Besides voice actors, there are other jobs in making cartoons. Some artists draw pictures... Animators make the characters move, and sound mixers add music and sounds...”可知，提到voice actors“配音演员”、artists“画家”、Animators“动画师”、sound mixers“音效师”，共四种工作。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“If you want to be a voice actor, Bauza says practice is key. Reading out loud often can make you better at speaking.”可知，建议是练习大声朗读。故选B。 4．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，文章围绕配音演员Eric Bauza展开，讲述他为卡通角色配音的工作及相关经历、建议等。A选项“卡通角色背后的声音”符合题意。故选A。 Passage 2 （24-25八年级下·辽宁抚顺·期中） Nobody likes to do chores, especially kids. How can you make your kids get into a good habit of doing their chores? Try making chores fun for them. Play some music. Music makes everything seem like a party, doesn’t it? Play your kids’ favorite music and let them dance around while they are doing their chores. Make it a treasure hunt (寻宝游戏). It’s a good way when you would like them to clean the house. Let them know that you hike (藏) a $ 5 bill someplace (某地). If they find it, they can keep it. Change often. If your kids keep doing the same chores for months, they may feel bored. Teaching them a new task (任务) is fun for both you and the kids. They will feel they have grown up when they get a new task. Do it together. It’s never fun to be the only one working and watching everyone else relaxing. If everyone takes part in doing chores, you will finish them faster and have more fun. 1．The article is for ________. A．schools B．teachers C．parents D．kids 2．The writer thinks it’s better to ________ while asking kids to clean the house. A．play computer games B．hide something for them to find C．give them a new task D．do it together with them 3．Kids may feel ________ if they keep on doing the same chores for months. A．tired B．fun C．interested D．bored 4．Which is the best title for the article? A．Doing chores is good for kids. B．Help kids set a good habit. C．Make chores fun for kids. D．Everyone should do chores. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文主要给出了一些能使孩子在做家务的过程中感到有趣的方法。 1．细节理解题。 根据文章内容可知，本文主要讨论如何让孩子养成做家务的好习惯，并给出了一些让家务变得有趣的方法，如播放音乐、寻宝游戏、更换任务等。这些建议是针对家长的。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据“It’s a good way when you would like them to clean the house. Let them know that you hike (藏) a $ 5 bill someplace (某地). If they find it, they can keep it.”可知，在让孩子们打扫房间的时候，最好把一些东西藏起来让他们找到。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据“If your kids keep doing the same chores for months, they may feel bored.”可知，如果孩子们几个月来一直做同样的家务，他们可能会感到无聊。故选D。 4．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，本文主要讨论如何让孩子养成做家务的好习惯，并给出了一些让家务变得有趣的方法，如播放音乐、寻宝游戏、更换任务等，核心是如何让家务变得有趣，所以C项“让孩子们做家务变得有趣”适合作标题。故选C。 Passage 3 （24-25八年级下·辽宁阜新·期中） When we talk about the ways of traveling, different people may have different ideas. Some think that trains are the best but others think ships, or cars or planes are better. I think each of them has advantages and disadvantages. Traveling by train is slower than by air, but it is more comfortable. There are comfortable seats and dining-cars. You can talk to people and enjoy the beautiful sceneries (风景) through the windows. The train to some people is just like a big moving party. Some people prefer to travel by sea. Ships are not so fast as trains or planes, but traveling by sea is a very pleasant way to spend a holiday. You can go to parties and movies on the ship, and enjoy the blue sky and water. You may think you are the king of the world when you are on the board. Some people like to travel by car. You needn’t be in a hurry to arrive on time as you travel by train, ship or air. You can travel as far as you like and stop wherever you wish. That is to say, you enjoy more freedom of choices while traveling by car than by any other means. Other people like to travel by air. Although it may cost more than the other ways. It can save much time and it is more convenient to travel by air if you go abroad. That is why traveling by air is popular for business people and students who study abroad. 1．If you travel by train, you can ________. A．make friends with different people B．rest in the sleeping-cars C．look out of the windows D．A, B and C 2．When you feel you are the king of the world, you are ________. A．sad B．tired C．excited and happy D．hungry 3．How many ways of traveling are mentioned in the passage? A．Five. B．Four. C．Three. D．Two. 4．What does the writer want to tell us in this passage? A．He wants to tell us that planes and trains are very fast. B．He wants to tell that characteristics (特征) of four different ways of traveling. C．He wants to tell us that traveling in the past was impossible. D．He wants to tell us that he likes traveling. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．B 【导语】本文主要介绍了四种不同的旅行方式。 1．细节理解题。根据“There are comfortable seats and dining-cars. You can talk to people and enjoy the beautiful sceneries (风景) through the windows. The train to some people is just like a big moving party.”可知，火车旅行可以交友、休息和看风景。故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据“You may think you are the king of the world when you are on the board.”可知，在船上时，你可能会觉得自己是世界之王，这种感受是兴奋和快乐的。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“Some think that trains are the best but others think ships, or cars or planes are better. I think each of them has advantages and disadvantages.”可知，提及火车、轮船、汽车和飞机。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。根据“Some think that trains are the best but others think ships, or cars or planes are better. I think each of them has advantages and disadvantages.”并通读全文可知，作者旨在介绍四种旅行方式的特征。故选B。 Passage 4 （24-25八年级下·辽宁营口·期中） Do you know that one-third of the food we eat every day is thrown away, while one in nine people around the world goes hungry? It takes about 3,072 hours to produce a single grain (单粒) of rice, yet it only takes a second to waste it. In October, students from Beijing No.8 Middle School visited an exhibition center that showed how to recycle kitchen waste. They saw how kitchen waste, such as fruit peels and leftovers, could be turned into something useful. “First, people collect the kitchen waste and then crush (压碎) it. After that, they take out the solid (固体的) part and break it down before turning it into a soil conditioner (土壤调理剂),” 13-year-old Lu Zichen said. He added that this conditioner could help improve the quality of the soil. The students also learned how to make liquid fertilizer (液体肥料) from kitchen waste. This fertilizer helps plants grow. Qi Yiming, 13, even tried making it himself. “It’s quite simple. First, you place the kitchen waste into a container. Then you add microbial agents (微生物菌剂), and let it sit for a few days to get the fertilizer,” Qi explained. “I am so glad to use the decomposition (分解) knowledge I learned to make liquid fertilizer myself. It is helpful in daily life. It is a wonderful experience.” Yu Qian, a teacher from the school and the organizer of the activity, talked about the importance of hands-on learning. “I hope students not only focus on the textbook but also go outside to put their knowledge into practice. It makes learning more interesting and useful,” she said. 1．Why does the writer ask a question at the beginning of the passage? A．To ask us to find the answer to the question. B．To warn us not to eat too much. C．To show us how to save food and avoid food waste. D．To draw the readers’ attention to the problem of food waste. 2．What’s Paragraph 3 mainly about? A．How to collect kitchen waste. B．How to make liquid fertilizer. C．How to learn chemistry well. D．How to grow plants better. 3．From the last paragraph, we know that ________. A．the students can get a lot from the textbook B．going outside is a waste of time C．hands-on learning is a new way of learning D．the teacher thinks hand-on learning is important 4．What’s the best title for the text? A．The Importance of Recycling Kitchen Waste. B．Ways to Protect the Environment. C．A Visit to the Exhibition Center. D．Trash Turned into Treasure. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．D 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了北京八中学生参观厨余垃圾回收展览中心的经历，展示了如何将厨余垃圾转化为有用资源的过程。 1．推理判断题。根据文章开头“Do you know that one-third of the food we eat every day is thrown away, while one in nine people around the world goes hungry?”可知，作者通过数据对比（1/3食物被浪费以及全球1/9人挨饿）引起读者对食物浪费问题的关注。故选D。 2．主旨大意题。根据第三段“The students also learned how to make liquid fertilizer from kitchen waste.”及后续描述可知，本段主要介绍如何用厨余垃圾制作液体肥料。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Yu Qian, a teacher from the school and the organizer of the activity, talked about the importance of hands-on learning.”可知，老师认为实践学习很重要。故选D。 4．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，本文围绕厨余垃圾变废为宝的过程展开，如制作土壤调理剂和液体肥料，“变废为宝”最能概括主题。故选D。 主题02人与社会——人际关系与志愿者服务 Passage 1 （24-25八年级下·辽宁锦州·期中） International Volunteer Day is on December 5 every year. It started on December 17, 1985. It’s a day to honor volunteers all over the world. Every day and every minute, volunteers around the world work out of their own kindness and make the world a better place. They protect the environment, build schools, care for animals. Most volunteers work without getting paid, and many do so using their own money. We should all appreciate (感谢) their work. International Volunteer Day offers us a chance (机会) to do so. Celebrating International Volunteer Day also lets more people know about the work and encourages (鼓励) them to join the volunteer team. When people see how volunteering is changing things for the better, they may want to donate their time and play their part. Doing volunteer work is also meaningful. Volunteering is a good way to open our eyes. We may do something we never do and meet different kinds of people. We can talk with them and get their good ideas. Volunteers especially students can learn much from practice, get some experience and know how to solve problems. There are many problems in the world. No one has answers to all the problems. But when we face them together, we’re able to find good ways to solve them. The things we care about today will help build a better world tomorrow. 1．What does the underlined word “so” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．Being a volunteer. B．Appreciating volunteers’ work. C．Solving the world’s problems. D．Getting people together. 2．Which of the following is TRUE? A．Volunteers only protect the environment on International Volunteer Day. B．Most volunteers work with getting paid and not using their own money. C．International Volunteer Day never provides us a chance to do volunteer work. D．Celebrating the day can encourage more people to join the volunteer team. 3．Why do students need to do volunteer work according to the text? ①To open their eyes and get good ideas.       ②To learn a lot from practice and get experience. ③To know how to solve problems.        ④To learn to protect themselves. A．①②④ B．②③④ C．①②③ D．①③④ 4．What does the last paragraph mainly tell? A．When one gives, two get happy. B．You don’t need a reason to help others. C．Alone we can do so little, together we can do so much. D．We can’t change the past, but we can change the future. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C 4．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了国际志愿者日。 1．细节理解题。根据“They protect the environment, build schools, care for animals. Most volunteers work without getting paid, and many do so using their own money.”可知，这里的so指代的是前面提到的“保护环境，建造学校，照顾动物”的志愿者活动，即“so”指代前文“work as volunteers”。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“Celebrating International Volunteer Day also lets more people know about the work and encourages (鼓励) them to join the volunteer team.”可知，庆祝国际志愿者日也让更多的人了解这项工作。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据“Volunteering is a good way to open our eyes.”和“Volunteers especially students can learn much from practice, get some experience and know how to solve problems”可知，做志愿者可以开阔眼界、可以从实践中学到很多东西、可以知道如何解决问题。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“No one has answers to all the problems. But when we face them together, we’re able to find good ways to solve them.”可知，没有人知道所有问题的答案。但是当我们一起面对它们的时候，我们就能找到解决它们的好办法，因此这段介绍了一个人的力量很小，但是团结起来，力量就很大。故选C。 Passage 2 （24-25八年级下·辽宁沈阳·期中） ①Did you know that more than 70% of our communication is non-verbal (语言的)? Body language, the unspoken messages we send through gestures, facial expressions, and postures (姿势), plays an important role in how we connect with others. Let’s explore this amazing world of silent signals. ②To begin with, our faces are powerful tools. For example, a smile can show happiness or kindness, while a frown may express sadness or anger. Eye contact is another key part. Looking someone in the eye when speaking shows respect and attention, but avoiding eye contact might make you seem nervous or uninterested. ③Besides, some gestures are nearly universal. For example, nodding your head usually means “yes”, and shaking it means “no” in most cultures. However, not all gestures are the same worldwide. In the United States, a thumbs-up means “good job”, but in the Middle East, it can be rude. Similarly, the “OK” sign with your thumb and finger is friendly in many countries, but in Brazil, it’s considered offensive. ④Your posture can also show your confidence or mood. Standing straight with shoulders back shows confidence, while slouching (懒散) might suggest shyness or tiredness. Crossing your arms during a conversation can make you appear defensive (充满戒心的), so it’s better to keep them relaxed by your sides. ⑤Body language is like a secret code that everyone uses. It helps us understand others better. By learning to “read” these signals, we can improve our relationships (关系) and avoid misunderstandings. So next time you talk to someone, pay attention to both their words and their body language—you might discover more than you expect! 1．How does the writer express his idea in Paragraph 2? A．By listing numbers. B．By raising questions. C．By giving examples. D．By telling a story. 2．What does the underlined word “offensive” probably mean? A．Pleasant. B．Interested. C．Unlucky. D．Impolite. 3．What is the result of learning to “read” body language signals? A．People can improve their relationships. B．People will have more misunderstanding. C．People will use fewer and fewer gestures. D．People may become shyer in conversations. 4．How is the text organized? (①=Paragraph 1, ②= Paragraph 2…) A． B． C． D． 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了非语言交流（如肢体语言）在人际沟通中的重要性，并通过具体例子说明了不同肢体动作的含义及其文化差异。 1．细节理解题。根据“For example, a smile can show happiness or kindness, while a frown may express sadness or anger. Eye contact is another key part.”可知，作者通过列举微笑、皱眉、眼神接触等具体例子说明面部表情的作用。故选C。 2．词句猜测题。根据“the ‘OK’ sign with your thumb and finger is friendly in many countries, but in Brazil, it’s considered offensive”可知， “OK”的手势在许多国家表示友好，但在巴西，人们认为这个手势不友好，可推测出“offensive”意为“无礼的”，与“impolite”意思相近。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据“By learning to ‘read’ these signals, we can improve our relationships and avoid misunderstandings.”可知，学会解读肢体语言能改善人际关系。故选A。 4．篇章结构题。第一段介绍非语言交流的重要性；第二段介绍面部表情和眼神交流的作用；第三段介绍手势的文化差异；第四段介绍了一些姿势的含义；第五段总结肢体语言的作用。文章是“总分总”结构，故选B。 Passage 3 （24-25八年级下·辽宁沈阳·期中） I’m really into kite flying. Last April, I went to Weifang for the 41st Weifang International Kite Festival. There were all kinds of kites in the sky: pandas, cars, and even Bajie. Locals will tell you that nothing can’t fly in Weifang. The news said the event attracted people from 46 countries and regions (地区). “Do you know who invented the kite?” I heard two people talking in a coffee shop. Well, I didn’t. I looked up the answer on my phone. Over 2,000 years ago, Mozi made the earliest kite. It was called the “wooden bird” because he used wood and silk to make it. It’s said that the kite could fly for one day. Later, Lu Ban replaced the wooden parts with bamboo. The “bamboo bird” could stay in the air for three days. Today, Weifang is the world’s kite capital. Seventy percent of the world’s kites are made here. Its traditional way of kite-making was recognized as a national intangible cultural heritage (非物质文化遗产) in 2006. The kite-making art has four main steps: “framing (扎框架)”, “gluing”, “painting” and “flying”. Each step must be done very carefully. For example, the frame must be perfectly symmetrical (对称的). The water for gluing the paper should be around 60 degrees. Water hotter than that will affect the color. How hard have all the inheritors (继承者) of the Weifang kite-making art worked? I can’t even imagine. Thanks to their great efforts, kites of all shapes will continue to color up the sky. 1．What were the two people in the coffee shop talking about? A．The inventor of the kite. B．The best time to fly kites. C．The weather in Weifang. D．The cost of making kites. 2．Which statement about the earliest kite is true? A．It was called the “bamboo bird”. B．Mozi used wood and silk to make it. C．It could stay in the air for three days. D．Lu Ban later replaced bamboo with wood. 3．Which kite-making step requires the frame to be perfectly symmetrical? A．Gluing. B．Painting. C．Framing. D．Flying. 4．What is the purpose of writing the text? A．To introduce the Weifang International Kite Festival. B．To talk about how to make kites in a traditional way. C．To compare traditional and modern kite-making techniques. D．To introduce the history, culture, and future of Weifang kites. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了潍坊风筝节、风筝的历史、潍坊作为世界风筝之都的地位以及风筝制作的传统工艺和未来展望。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“‘Do you know who invented the kite?’ I heard two people talking in a coffee shop.”可知，咖啡店里的两个人在谈论风筝的发明者。因此，正确答案是A选项，即“风筝的发明者”。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Over 2,000 years ago, Mozi made the earliest kite. It was called the ‘wooden bird’ because he used wood and silk to make it.”可知，关于最早的风筝，墨子用木头和丝绸制作了它，因此被称为“木鸟”。所以，B选项“墨子用木头和丝绸制作了它”是正确的。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“The kite-making art has four main steps: ‘framing (扎框架)’, ‘gluing’, ‘painting’ and ‘flying’. Each step must be done very carefully. For example, the frame must be perfectly symmetrical (对称的).”可知，在风筝制作的四个主要步骤中，“扎框架”这一步要求框架必须完全对称。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。文章首先介绍了作者参加潍坊国际风筝节的经历，然后讲述了风筝的历史和潍坊作为世界风筝之都的地位，接着介绍了潍坊风筝制作的传统工艺，最后展望了潍坊风筝的未来。因此，文章的目的是介绍潍坊风筝的历史、文化和未来。故选D。 主题03 健康 Passage 1 （24-25八年级下·辽宁锦州·期中） Last night, a school night, my 11-year-old son’s baseball team played a game that lasted until 9:30. By the time we got home and he had a quick dinner and shower, it was 10:30—an hour and a half later than before. We love baseball. My son is having fun, getting exercise, and learning patience, team work and sports spirit. But the truth is that the game also influences (影响) his sleep. As parents, we want good things for our children. We want them to be healthy both in body and in mind. To this end, we look for ways to help our kids grow and develop. We help them with their homework. We sign them up for dance, soccer and baseball. We push our kids into taking honors courses (培优课程) or having after-school jobs. And we praise them for hard-earned success and achievements. However, the irony (讽刺) is that all of these activities and responsibilities that we are giving our children to make their lives colorful could be badly influencing their health and taking happiness away. Activities, responsibilities and goals are good. But if we want our kids to realize their full physical health, learning and social ability, sleep is important. We have to start taking sleep seriously. Parents make bedtime routines and carry out (执行) strict rules about nighttime. But in fact, these measures aren’t enough because enough sleep isn’t just about carrying out stricter bedtime. It actually requires (需要) more than that. In order to ensure our kids get the sleep they need, both parents and schools should make an effort. 1．When does the writer’s son usually go to bed at night? A．At 9:00. B．At 9:30. C．At 10:00. D．At 10:30. 2．The writer mentions _______ ways to help kids grow and develop in Paragraph 2. A．3 B．4 C．5 D．6 3．According to the third paragraph, which sentence is TRUE? A．As parents we should not help kids with their homework. B．The writer thinks taking honors courses is necessary. C．Activities, responsibilities and goals are bad. D．We need to be serious about sleep. 4．What’s the writer’s purpose (目的) in writing the text? A．The writer wants to cut out all his son’s activities. B．The writer questions the advantages (优点) of honors courses. C．The writer will carry out rules about nighttime more strictly. D．The writer expects to deal with the relation between sleep and activities. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．D 【导语】本文通过作者11岁儿子因棒球比赛导致睡眠不足的实例，指出睡眠对儿童身体发育、学习能力和社交发展至关重要，呼吁父母和学校应共同重视睡眠问题，平衡好活动与休息的关系。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“it was 10:30—an hour and a half later than before.”可知，昨晚回家后睡觉时间是10:30，比平常晚1.5小时，因此平常睡觉时间是9:00。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“We help them with their homework. We sign them up for dance, soccer and baseball. We push our kids into taking honors courses (培优课程) or having after-school jobs. And we praise them for hard-earned success and achievements.”可知，提到帮助孩子成长的五种方式：1.帮助他们做作业；2.报名参加舞蹈、足球和棒球；3.鼓励孩子们去上荣誉课程；4.鼓励孩子们放学后工作；5. 赞扬他们来之不易的成功和成就。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段“But if we want our kids to realize their full physical health, learning and social ability, sleep is important. We have to start taking sleep seriously.”可知，睡眠很重要，我们必须认真对待睡眠。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。全文围绕“课外活动与睡眠平衡”展开，最后一段强调“需要家长和学校共同努力确保睡眠”。故选D。 Passage 2 （24-25八年级下·辽宁抚顺·期中） Germs (细菌) are everywhere. You can’t see them, but they are on your desk, on your computer, and even in the air! Like people, germs move around the world. They fly with us on planes. When food, clothes, and other things travel around the world, germs travel, too. Some germs are safe, but some are dangerous. Germs cause illnesses (疾病) like colds and the flu (流感). Warmer Weather Brings Germs The world’s weather is changing. Cooler countries are getting warmer, so insects (昆虫) from hot countries can move there. Some of these insects, like mosquitoes (蚊子), carry dangerous germs. These germs cause headaches, fever, and can even kill people. Under Your Skin (皮肤) Your skin protects (保护) you from germs. It stops some germs, but not all. They can enter (进入) your body when you eat, or when you have a cut. Germs are on your hands, too. They enter your body when you touch your eyes, nose, or mouth. Fighting Germs Your immune system (免疫系统) protects you, too. When germs get inside your body, your immune system finds and kills them. Special cells (细胞) move around your body and fight germs. They help you stay healthy. Other cells make antibodies (抗体). Antibodies help your body find and stop germs. What can you do to fight germs? You should wash your hands with soap (肥皂) and water. Soap kills many germs, and water washes them away. 1．According to the text, insects ________. A．kill germs B．carry germs C．protect germs D．love germs 2．The underlined word “there” refers to ________. A．cooler countries B．hot countries C．everywhere D．the world 3．Which of the following is right according to the text? A．All germs are dangerous. B．There are more germs in cold places. C．Soap can kill all germs. D．Some germs can get into your body. 4．What do antibodies do? A．They kill germs and wash them away. B．They help your body find and stop germs. C．They can change the weather. D．They carry dangerous germs. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文主要介绍了细菌无处不在的特性、传播方式、对人体的危害以及如何对抗细菌。 1．细节理解题。根据文章“Some of these insects, like mosquitoes, carry dangerous germs.”可知，蚊子等昆虫携带危险的细菌。故选B。 2．词义猜测题。根据文章“Cooler countries are getting warmer, so insects from hot countries can move there.”可知，气候较冷的国家正逐渐变暖，因此来自炎热国家的昆虫可能会迁徙到那里。“there”指代的是“cooler countries”。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据文章“It stops some germs, but not all. They can enter (进入) your body when you eat, or when you have a cut.”可知，皮肤不能阻挡所有细菌，还是会有一些细菌在你吃东西或割伤时进入你的身体。故选D。 4．细节理解题。根据文章“Antibodies help your body find and stop germs.”可知，抗体的作用是帮助身体发现并阻挡细菌。故选B。 Passage 3 （24-25八年级下·辽宁鞍山·期中） Now more people have to work indoors with computers. This means much sitting and little exercise. We have known that if we don’t move much, we will get fatter, we will have heart problems and maybe we will get diabetes (糖尿病). But new studies have shown that it could hurt our mental (精神的) health, too. A study of 900 Brazilians (巴西人) found that about thirty-three percent of them sat for more than 10 hours per day. It reported that people who sat for too long often showed more symptoms (症状) of depression (抑郁). Another study was centered on children. It found that each extra (额外的) hour of sitting time at the age of 12, 14 and 16 led to (导致) higher depression points at age 18. But according to (根据) Mats Hallgren from Sweden, “Sitting for too long can slow the blood flow (流动) in the body.” It might be bad for the growth of neurons (神经细胞) in the head. Also, couch potatoes might do other unhealthy things while sitting, such as eating junk food. All of these may lead to depression. The good news? It’s easy to control. Aaron Kandola from University College London, said even light exercise might help. “It is great to exercise and play sports,” said Kandola. But anything you can do to avoid (避免) sitting for too long will help with emotion (情绪), stress and thinking clearly. The key is just to move more often. 1．What might happen if we sit for a long time according to the passage? ①We may become fatter.    ②We will be more creative.    ③Our mental health may be hurt. ④Our blood will flow more slowly.                    ⑤Our neurons in the head will grow. A．①③④ B．②③⑤ C．①②③ D．③④⑤ 2．According to the study, about ________ Brazilians sat for more than 10 hours a day. A．200 B．300 C．500 D．900 3．The underlined phrase “couch potatoes” means people who ________. A．eat healthily B．sit for too long C．have diabetes D．like sports 4．Which of the following will the writer agree with? A．Playing sports may cause depression. B．Thirty-three percent of Brazilians have diabetes. C．It’s easy to control depression when you are 18. D．Exercise can help improve one’s emotion. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了长时间坐着不动对人体健康的不良影响，特别是对精神健康的影响。 1．细节理解题。根据“We have known that if we don’t move much, we will get fatter...But new studies have shown that it could hurt our mental (精神的) health, too.”以及“Sitting for too long can slow the blood flow (流动) in the body.”可知，长时间坐着不动可能会导致我们变胖、精神健康受损以及体内血液流动减缓。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“A study of 900 Brazilians (巴西人) found that about thirty-three percent of them sat for more than 10 hours per day.”可知，一项对900名巴西人的研究发现，大约有百分之三十三的人每天坐着超过10小时。通过计算，900的百分之三十三约为300。故选B。 3．词句猜测题。根据“Sitting for too long can slow the blood flow (流动) in the body.”以及“Also, couch potatoes might do other unhealthy things while sitting, such as eating junk food.”可知，长时间坐着会减缓体内血液流动。由此可以推断，“couch potatoes”指的是长时间坐着不动的人。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据“It is great to exercise and play sports...But anything you can do to avoid (避免) sitting for too long will help with emotion (情绪), stress and thinking clearly.”可知，作者认为锻炼和做运动是很好的，而且任何能避免长时间坐着的活动都有助于改善情绪、减轻压力和提升思维清晰度。由此可以推断，作者同意锻炼可以帮助改善一个人的情绪。故选D。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $