Unit4 The Wonders of Nature 第三课时 Section B 1a-1e同步练习 2025-2026学年人教版英语八年级下册

Unit4 The Wonders of Nature 单元同步课时练习 第三课时 Section B 1a-1e 【基础过关】 一、根据括号内所给的汉语提示完成句子。 1.The __________(距离) between Beijing and Shanghai is about 1318 kilometers. 2.In Africa, only strong and clever plants can __________ (生存) the long dry season. 3.Wind and water change the __________ (状态) of the land over time. 4.The temperature drops about one __________ (度数) for every 100 meters increase in altitude(海拔). 5.Standing at the top of the __________ (悬崖), you can see the whole valley below. 6.Jane Goodall was __________ (有决心的) to keep working for animal protection all her life. 7.The city is 500 meters __________ (在...上面) sea level. 8.The scientist and his __________ (队友) spent years researching wild animals. 9.She felt a pain in her left __________ (肩膀) after working long hours. 10.Knowledge is like a __________ (阶梯) that helps us climb higher. 11. In 2020, a third team returned to Qomolangma to __________ (测量) its height—8,848.86 metres. 12.They tried their best to reduce the __________ (风险) of accidents in the snowfield. 13.With great __________ (好奇心) about nature, Zhang Yixuan discovered a new crab species. 14.He has a strong __________ (雄心) to become a doctor. 15.The __________ (探险者) traveled through the Amazon rainforest. 二、根据汉语意思完成句子，每空一词。 1.她通过多年学习一点一点积累知识。 She built up her knowledge __________ __________ __________ through years of study. 2. 站在地球之巅，你会感觉仿佛触手可及天空。 On the highest place on earth, you will __________ __________ you are able to touch the sky. 3. 登山者还必须应对空气稀薄和悬崖峭壁。 Climbers must also __________ __________ thin air and high cliffs. 4. 只有最顶尖的登山者，才能在熬过恶劣环境后成功登顶。 Only the best climbers can reach the top if they __________ __________ __________ __________ first. 5. 消防员常常冒着生命危险去拯救他人。 Firefighters often __________ __________ __________ to save others. 6. 我们持续探索宇宙，因为人类的好奇心与雄心永无止境。 We keep exploring space because __________ __________ and __________ are endless. 【能力强化】 三、用所给单词的适当形式或根据上下文填空。 1. As a skilled __________(climb), Alex Honnold climbed El Capitan without ropes. 2. He lives in the __________(north) part of China. 3. You should prepare for the __________(change) weather when traveling in the mountains. 4. The __________(dead) of bees is bad for plants and the whole environment. 5. Chang’e 5 __________(successful) brought lunar samples back to Earth. 6. Some natural changes happen __________(simple) because of temperature. 7. To most people, Mount Qomolangma is one of the greatest __________(wonder) of the world. 8. On the mountain, temperatures can fall to -30 __________(degree). 9. The Chinese national flag flew above the world's __________(high) mountain for the first time. 10. People said it was so high __________ even birds could not reach it. 四、选择填空。 ( )1. —Our school is encouraging students to take part in community service and ______ more social responsibilities. —That’s great. Teenagers should learn to care about others and society. A. carry B. shoulder C. cover D. reach ( )2. —The 15th Five-Year Plan will point out a new ______ for our future development. —Great! Our life will surely get better and better. A. condition B. situation C. direction D. tradition ( )3. —Stephen Hawking never stopped studying the universe though he had a serious illness. —He was really ________. Nothing could stop him from his research. A. disappointed B. shocked C. surprised D. determined ( )4. —When the bus reaches the foot of the mountain, it will ________ near the entrance. —Then we can start our trip to the mountain. A. pull up B. put up C. light up D. make up ( )5. The old saying “Behind the mountains there are people to be found” tells us ______. A. what we should do with difficulties B. that we should always keep modest C. how we can make more friends D. where we can climb mountains 五、阅读下面短文，然后用方框中所给的单词或短语填空，使短文在结构、语意和逻辑上正确。（提示方框中有两个单词或短语是多余的） offered \ importantly \ interest \ speak highly of \ climber \ make fun of \ successfully Jordan Romero is a famous American mountain 1 . He was born on July 12, 1996, in California. He showed great 2 in mountain climbing at a young age. In 2010, at the age of 13, he 3 reached the top of Mount Qomolangma. He became the youngest person ever to climb the world’s highest peak. His parents and guides 4 him great help. However, he didn’t stop there. By the age of 15, he finished climbing the highest mountains on all seven continents. This action set a new world record. Many people 5 him. They believe his spirit can encourage young people to face challenges. 1. ____________ 2. ____________ 3. ____________ 4. ____________ 5. ____________ 【拓展提升】 六、完形填空。 It was a hot and dry July day in Philadelphia. When I was eight years old, I had an 1 experience that taught me an important life lesson. One afternoon, my friends invited me to climb a tall rocky 2 near our village. I was a weak and shy boy, and I was really afraid of heights. But I didn’t want to be 3 at by my friends, so I 4 to go with them. At first, climbing was not difficult, and I followed my friends step by step. 5 , when I was halfway up the cliff, the rock became much steeper. I froze there, too scared to 6 or go back down. My hands held the rock 7 , and my legs kept 8 . I looked down and felt dizzy, with tears coming into my 9 . My friends had already climbed to the top and left me alone. After a long time, my 10 came to look for me. He looked up at me and spoke in a calm and soft voice, “Don’t be afraid, my boy. Don’t think about how high you are. Just take the first small 11 you can reach safely.” I did what he told me. I moved my left foot 12 to a nearby rock, then my right foot. I didn’t look at the far ground anymore, only 13 on each small step. Step by step, I climbed down slowly. Finally, I stood on the safe ground and 14 my father. That day, I learned that big difficulties can be solved by taking small steps one after another. This 15 has helped me a lot in my later life. ( )1. A. comfortable　 B. unforgettable　 C. enjoyable　　 D. changeable ( )2. A. island 　　 　 B. tower　　　　 C. cliff 　　　　 D. desert ( )3. A. laughed　　　 B. shouted　　　 C. knocked　　　 D. threw ( )4. A. apologized 　　 B. suggested 　　 C. returned　　　 D. agreed ( )5. A. Moreover 　　 B. However　　　 C. Meanwhile 　　 D. Instead ( )6. A. move on　　　 B. take on　　　　 C. get on　　　　 D. live on ( )7. A. softly 　　　　 B. tightly　　　　 C. deeply　　　　 D. simply ( )8. A. running　　　　 B. jumping　　　 C. breathing 　　 D. shaking ( )9. A. nose　　　　　 B. ears　　　　　 C. eyes　　　　　 D. mouth ( )10. A. mother　　　　 B. brother　　　　 C. father 　　　　 D. teacher ( )11. A. step 　　　　　 B. break　　　　 C. risk　　　　　 D. measure ( )12. A. politely　　　 B. hurriedly　　 C. clearly　　　 D. carefully ( )13. A. depending　　 B. focusing　　　 C. spending　　　 D. reaching ( )14. A. hugged　　　 B. touched　　　 C. respected　　　 D. praised ( )15. A. research　　　 B. failure　　　　 C. lesson　 　　 D. decision 答案与解析 【基础过关】 一、根据括号内所给的汉语提示完成句子。 1. distance 2. survive 3. condition 4. degree 5. cliff 6. determined 7. above 8. teammate 9. shoulder 10. ladder 11. measure 12. risk 13. curiosity 14. ambition 15.explorer 二、根据汉语意思完成句子，每空一词。 1. bit by bit 2. feel like 3. deal with 4. survive the terrible conditions 5. risk their lives 6. human curiosity ; ambition 【能力强化】 三、用所给单词的适当形式或根据上下文填空。 1. climber 2. northern 3. changeable 4. death 5. successfully 6. simply 7. wonders 8. degrees 9. highest 10. that   解析: 1. skilled（熟练的）是形容词，修饰名词；climb是动词，对应的名词是climber（登山者。 2. part（部分）是名词，需要形容词修饰；north是名词/方位词，对应的形容词是northern（北部的）。 3. weather（天气）是名词，需要形容词修饰；change是动词，对应的形容词是changeable（多变的）。 4. the + 名词 + of 是固定结构；dead是形容词，对应的名词是death（死亡），不可数名词。 5. brought（带来）是动词，需要副词修饰；successful是形容词，对应的副词是successfully（成功地）。 6. happen（发生）是动词，需要副词修饰；simple是形容词，对应的副词是simply（仅仅，简单地）。 7. one of + the + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数 是固定结构；wonder是可数名词，复数为wonders（奇迹）。 8. degree（度）是可数名词，-30用复数degrees。 9. world's（世界的）表示范围，需要形容词最高级；high的最高级是highest（最高的）。 10. so...that... 是固定句型，意为“如此……以至于……”，引导结果状语从句，填that。 四、选择填空。 1. B 2. C 3. D 4. A 5. B   解析: 1. 句子意思是学校鼓励学生参与社区服务，承担更多社会责任。shoulder作动词有承担肩负的意思，shoulder responsibilities是固定搭配。carry搬运，cover覆盖，reach到达，都不能和responsibilities搭配表达承担责任的意思，所以选B。 2. 句子意思是十五五规划会为我们未来的发展指明新的方向。direction是方向的意思，point out a new direction是固定表达，指明新方向。condition条件，situation情况，tradition传统，都不符合语境，所以选C。 3. 句子说霍金虽然身患重病，却从未停止研究宇宙，没有什么能阻止他的研究。determined是坚定的有决心的，符合语境。disappointed失望的，shocked震惊的，surprised惊讶的，都不符合，所以选D。 4. 句子说公交车到山脚下，会在入口附近停下。pull up是停车停下的意思，符合公交车到站的语境。put up张贴搭建，light up点亮，make up编造化妆，都不符合，所以选A。 5. 谚语Behind the mountains there are people to be found意思是山外有山人外有人，告诉我们要一直保持谦虚。A是如何应对困难，C是如何交更多朋友，D是去哪里爬山，都不符合谚语的含义，所以选B。 五、阅读下面短文，然后用方框中所给的单词或短语填空，使短文在结构、语意和逻辑上正确。（提示方框中有两个单词或短语是多余的） 1. climber 2. interest 3. successfully 4. offered 5. speak highly of 解析: 1. 句子说Jordan Romero是一位著名的美国登山者，mountain climber是固定搭配，意思是登山者，方框里climber符合语境，所以填climber。 2. show great interest in是固定短语，意思是对……表现出极大的兴趣，这里说他从小就对登山有浓厚兴趣，interest符合短语搭配，所以填interest。 3. 这里需要一个副词修饰动词reached，意思是成功登顶珠穆朗玛峰，successfully是副词，意思是成功地，符合语境，所以填successfully。 4. 句子说他的父母和向导给了他很大的帮助，offer sb great help是固定搭配，意思是给某人提供很大帮助，文章是一般过去时，offer的过去式是offered，所以填offered。 5. 前文说他创造了新的世界纪录，后文说人们相信他的精神能鼓励年轻人面对挑战，说明很多人高度赞扬他，speak highly of是固定短语，意思是高度赞扬，符合语境，所以填speak highly of。 多余的两个单词/短语：importantly、make fun of（importantly是副词，不符合所有空的语法和语境；make fun of意思是取笑，和文章赞扬的语境相反）。 【拓展提升】 六、完形填空。 1. B 2. C 3. A 4. D 5. B 6. A 7. B 8. D 9. C 10. C 11. A 12. D 13. B 14. A 15. C 解析: 1. 句意为八岁时我有一次难忘的经历，给了我重要的人生教训。unforgettable 意思是难忘的，符合语境。comfortable 舒适的 enjoyable 愉快的 changeable 多变的，都不符合，所以选B。 2.后文提到 halfway up the cliff，说明朋友邀请我爬的是岩石悬崖。cliff 意思是悬崖峭壁，符合语境。island 岛屿 tower 塔 desert 沙漠，都不符合，所以选C。 3. 句意为我不想被朋友嘲笑，laugh at 是固定短语，意思是嘲笑。shout at 对…大喊 knock at 敲 throw at 朝…扔，都不符合，所以选A。 4. 前文说我不想被朋友嘲笑，所以同意和他们一起去。agree 意思是同意，符合语境。apologize 道歉 suggest 建议 return 返回，都不符合，所以选D。 5. 前文说一开始爬山不难，后文说到半山腰岩石变陡了，是转折关系。however 意思是然而，表转折。moreover 而且 meanwhile 同时 instead 反而，都不符合，所以选B。 6. 句意为我僵在那里，太害怕了，无法继续前进也无法后退。move on 意思是继续前进，符合语境。take on 承担 get on 上车 live on 以…为生，都不符合，所以选A。 7. 我很害怕，所以双手紧紧抓住岩石。tightly 意思是紧紧地，符合语境。softly 轻柔地 deeply 深深地 simply 简单地，都不符合，所以选B。 8. 害怕的时候腿会发抖。shake 意思是发抖颤抖，keep shaking 表示一直发抖。run 跑 jump 跳 breathe 呼吸，都不符合，所以选D。 9. 眼泪是从眼睛里流出来的。eye 意思是眼睛，符合语境。nose 鼻子 ear 耳朵 mouth 嘴巴，都不符合，所以选C。 10. 后文提到 my father，说明来寻找我的是爸爸。father 意思是父亲，符合语境。mother 妈妈 brother 兄弟 teacher 老师，都不符合，所以选C。 11.文章主题是走一步再走一步，爸爸让我专注于能安全迈出的第一步。step 意思是脚步，符合语境。break 休息 risk 风险 measure 措施，都不符合，所以选A。 12. 在悬崖上要小心地移动脚。carefully 意思是小心地，符合语境。politely 礼貌地 hurriedly 匆忙地 clearly 清晰地，都不符合，所以选D。 13. 句意为我不再看远处的地面，只专注于每一小步。focus on 是固定短语，意思是专注于。depend on 依靠 spend on 花费 reach on 无此搭配，都不符合，所以选B。 14. 安全落地后，我拥抱了爸爸。hug 意思是拥抱，符合语境。touch 触摸 respect 尊重 praise 表扬，都不符合，所以选A。 15. 文章开头提到这次经历给了我重要的人生教训，这里指这个教训在我之后的生活中帮了我很多。lesson 意思是教训，符合语境。research 研究 failure 失败 decision 决定，都不符合，所以选C。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $