Topic 4 The Wonders of Nature-【培优竞赛·超级课堂】2026-2027学年八年级下册英语（人教版·新教材）

Topic 4 The Wonders of Nature 轻松起步 ■II1 IIINNIIA 一、完形填空（文章大意：文章主要介绍了美国死亡 谷中会移动的石头，解释了其移动的原因。) l.D by oneself是固定短语，意为“独自；靠自己”。 句中的主语是stones,对应的反身代词是themselves,.表 示石头们自己移动。故D项正确。 2.B句意：在美国的死亡谷中有一些著名的会移 动的石头。mountain山脉，高山；stone石头；hill山丘； village乡村，村庄。由文章首句可知，文章是要介绍一些 石头。故B项正确。 3.C“as十形容词原级十as”是固定结构，意为 “和…一样.”。从后文中的“the biggest stone.” 可知，这里描述大石头和人一样大。故C项正确。 4.C句意：最大的石头重350千克。move移动； stay停留；weigh重，重达；keep保持。根据后文中的 “about350kg”可知，此处应表示石头重达350千克。故 C项正确。 5.B前文说“The stones only move at night'”,所以 此处应表示没人见过它们移动。somebody某人；nobody 没有人；everybody每个人；anybody任何人（常用于否定 句和疑问句)。故B项正确。 6.D句意：没有人曾亲眼看到过这些石头移动，但 是现在科学家知道这个问题的答案了。so所以，因此； on在…上；and和，并且；but但是。根据前后文可知， 这里表示转折关系。故D项正确。 7.A句意：当风从西边吹来，石头就往东边移动。 “come from十方向”是固定搭配，意为“来自…方向”。 根据the west可知，此处表示来自西边的风。故A项 正确。 8.D前文提到有大石头，这里应问风如何吹动一 块很重的石头。light轻的；special特别的；normal正常 的；heavy重的。故D项正确。 9.D“one of-十the十形容词最高级十可数名词复 数”是固定结构，意为“最…的…之一”。这里说死亡 13 Topic 4 谷是世界上最热的地方之一，应用最高级the hottest。. 故D项正确。 l0.B前文说“Death Valley is one of the hottest places in the world”,but表转折，说明夜间的天气与白天 不同，会很冷。warm温暖的；cold寒冷的；quiet安静的； dark黑暗的。故B项正确。 11.A句意：有时，晚上甚至有糟糕的暴风雨。 storm暴风雨；wave海浪；noise噪声；earthquake地震。 根据后文中的“rain falls”可知，死亡谷晚上有时还会有 大暴雨。故A项正确。 12.C句意：地面上的水很容易结成冰。hardly几 乎不；properly适当地，正确地；easily容易地；seriously 严重地。根据前文可知，死亡谷晚上很冷，温度很低，地 面上的水很容易结冰。故C项正确。 13.A句意：强风使石头沿着平滑的地面移动。 along强调沿着（平面）移动；across指从表面穿过； through指从物体内部穿过；with表示“和…一起”。 此处强调石头顺着地面的方向移动，用along更贴合语 境。故A项正确。 14B句意：在早上，太阳出来了，地面就干了。 reach到达；dry变干，干燥；face面对；protect保护。由 生活常识可知，早上太阳升起，温度升高，地面上的冰融 化成水后蒸发，地面会变干。故B项正确。 15.C句意：所以，人们会在白天的时候发现石头 从一个地方移动到了另一个地方。other后接名词复数 时，相当于others;the other强调两者中的另一个； another泛指三个或三个以上中的另一个。此处指从一 个地方到另一个地方，是泛指。故C项正确。 二、阅读理解（文章大意：文章主要介绍了大运河，旨 在引导学生了解大运河这一伟大工程。) l6.C句意理解题。原诗“Deep from the dense water .the sounds of words and the laughter of people.”描述的是“从茂密的水草深处，忽然传来人们的 话语声和笑声”。对比备选项可知，只有C项“菰蒲深处 疑无地，忽有人家笑语声”与原诗的意境相符。故C项 正确。 0 培优爱赛超级保空8年级英 17.B细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Fuchai ordered the building of Han Gou to better the transportation of military supplies”可知，夫差下令修建 邗沟，是为了改善军用物资的运输。故B项正确。 l8.A词义猜测题。文中第三段提到“Under his order,more canals were dug ..The final canal reached Beijing to the north and Hangzhou to the south.”,可知 挖掘更多运河是为了扩大邢沟的水运系统，由此可推断 extend应该是“扩大”的意思。故A项正确。 l9.B观点态度题。由“Shan Jixiang says that because the building materials of the Palace Museum arrived in Beijing through the Grand Canal,ancient Beijing was,in some ways,formed by and flowed from the canal.”可知，单霁翔说因为故宫博物院的建筑材料 是通过大运河运到北京的，古代北京在某种程度上由运 河“塑造”，据此可以推断出单霁翔认为大运河是有用的。 故B项正确。 20.D推理判断题。文中第三段开头提到“Yang Guang,the Sui Dynasty emperor,developed the canal", 可知是隋朝皇帝杨广对邗沟进行了拓展，D项正确。邗 沟始建于公元前5世纪晚期，并非隋朝，A项错误；邗沟 位于如今的江苏省，而不是浙江省，B项错误；夫差下令 修建邗沟是为了改善军用物资的运输，而不是建筑材料， C项错误。 三、阅读还原（文章大意：文章主要介绍了中国山西 省的两处历史遗迹—平遥古城和悬空寺。) 21.D空前讲山西省历史悠久、文化丰富、风景优 美，空后讲这里（介绍）其中两个。D项“它是中国许多历 史遗迹的所在地”承上启下，符合语境。 22.C空前提到城墙内的街道、商铺和房屋都保留 着明清时期的建筑风格。C项“它们清晰地展示了当时 人们的生活”符合语境。 23.E空前提到悬空寺位于地面以上约50米处， 空后讲这就是这座寺庙得此名的原因。E项“它的主体 约有三分之一悬挂在岩石上”承上启下，符合语境。 24.F空前提到悬挂在上方的岩石提供了自然保 1 下册 AAAA A R AAAAA RR AR 护，空后提到这种设计不仅使寺庙与自然环境完美匹配， 还体现了中国古人的人与自然和谐相处的理念。F项 “侧面的石墙保护它免受恶劣天气的影响”继续阐述这种 利用地势的保护方式，共同说明悬空寺的设计智慧。 25.A空前提到这些历史遗迹是充满故事和秘密 的宝藏，空后提到无论你是历史爱好者，还是只想游览一 些名胜，山西定能给你带来一次难忘的体验。可知此处 是邀请读者来这些地方参观，A项“来亲身体验一番吧” 符合语境。 0典型句子 DIt is home to a lot of historical places in China,.它（山西省）是中国众多历史古迹的所在地。 (“1tis十home to.”是固定搭配，意为“某地 是…的所在地/栖息地/聚集地”，其中to是介词， 后接名词、代词或动名词。This nature reserve is home to thousands of wild birds..这片自然保护区 是数千只野生鸟类的栖息地。) 三维体验 型重超错自目里慧直■里 gI1目I1I色 一、完形填空（文章大意：文章主要讲述了11岁的周 逸晨和父亲一起攀爬俄罗斯的厄尔布鲁士峰的一段难忘 经历。) 1.D根据地理常识，俄罗斯的厄尔布鲁士峰是欧 洲最高的山峰，需用形容词的最高级，且最高级前要加定 冠词the。故D项正确。 2.A空后为事物名词，修饰事物用形容词 exciting;excited用于修饰人。故A项正确。 3.C句意：天仍然很黑。even甚至；already已经； still仍然；also也。故C项正确。 4.Dfew/afew修饰可数名词，little/a little修饰不 可数名词，light(光)是不可数名词，排除A、B两项。结 合语境“地平线上只有一点红光”，表示“有一点（肯定含 义)”用a little(little表示“几乎没有”，为否定含义)。故 D项正确。 5.D根据前文可知，这里是说黑暗导致攀爬困难。 700770707000700700090070707 light光；dark黑暗的；lightness明亮；darkness黑暗。故 D项正确。 6.C“三分之一”的正确表达为one-third。故C项 正确。 7.A句意：他开始摇晃并摔倒在地上。fall down 是固定短语，意为“摔倒”；此处描述过去的动作，用fall 的过去式fell。故A项正确。 8.B句意：他的父亲和三个导游过来了，并问他能 否继续。come up出现；come over过来；show up露面； keep on继续。故B项正确 9.C句意：我们离到达山顶大约还有两个小时。 arrive为不及物动词，其后需加at/in;get后接地点时需 加to;reach为及物动词，其后可直接接地点名词；touch 意为“触摸”，不符合语境。此处后接it,用reach。故 C项正确。 10.D句意：在父亲的帮助下，逸晨继续向前。with one's help是固定搭配，意为“在某人的帮助下”。故D项 正确。 11.B句意：在攀爬了三分之二的路程后，疼痛消 失了。walk走路；climb攀爬；run跑步；swim游泳。 after是介词，后接动词时需用动名词形式。故B项 正确。 l2.C the first to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“第一个 做某事的”。故C项正确。 13.B句意：放眼望去，周围是被雪覆盖的群山。 all in all总之；all around周围；all together总共；all through一直，自始至终。故B项正确。 14.B句意：耳边是凛冽的寒风呼啸。故B项 正确。 15.A句意：逸晨说他有一种强烈的成就感，难以 用言语表达。achievement成就；failure失败；suffering 痛苦；pleasure快乐。a strong feeling of achievement意 为“强烈的成就感”，符合语境。故A项正确。 Topic 4 0典型句子 2That was why we all had to wear head lamps,and the darkness also caused the difficulty of climbing... 那就是我们所有人都得戴头灯的原因，而且黑 暗也增加了攀爬的难度… (这是一个由并列连词and连接的并列句，其中 第-个分句“That was why we all had to wear head lamps'”是主系表结构，why引导表语从句，说明需要 戴头灯的原因；第二个分句“the darkness also caused the difficulty of climbing”是主谓宾结构。 The rain was heavy,and the wet road led to the delay of the bus..雨下得很大，而且湿滑的路面导致 了公交车晚点。) 二、阅读理解（文章大意：文章主要介绍了人类对海 洋尤其是深海知之甚少的原因、深海探索的难度，以及了 解深海对地球和人类未来的重要性。) 16.D推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Though oceans cover about 71 percent of the earth's surface, there's still a lot we don't know about them.”可知，作者 在第一段列出一些数字是为了说明我们对海洋的了解还 很少。故D项正确。 17.A细节理解题。根据第二段倒数第二句 "However,this changed in 1862 when life was discovered as far down as 945 meters below sea level with the help of a digging machine..”和第三段第一句 "Since then,high technology has been developed to help explore the deep sea,including satellites..”可知，高科技 的发展推动了深海探索进程的改变。故A项正确。 18.B代词指代题。根据画线词前的“Though we have the difficulties,it's important that we understand the seas..”可知，虽然我们面对诸多困难，但了解海洋是 很重要的。因此They指代上文中的the seas。故B项 正确。 19.B推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“Our future depends on learning more about our oceans,and it is possible for us to really understand what is ongoing 85 培优爱赛超级保空8年级英 below the surface.”可知，我们的未来取决于对海洋的进 一步了解，而且我们有可能真正了解水面下正在发生的 事情。由此可推知，海洋对我们的未来有很大影响。故 B项正确。 20.C标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍 了人类对海洋尤其是深海知之甚少的原因、深海探索的 难度，以及了解深海对地球和人类未来的重要性。分析 备选项可知，C项“深海探索：进入冰冷的深处”是本文的 最佳标题。 三、短文填空（文章大意：文章主要讲述了尼泊尔的 登山者在冬季成功登顶世界第二高峰K2峰的事迹。) 21.successfully介词by后接动名词（短语）作宾 语，用来表示方式；这里应用副词来修饰动名词reaching 所表示的动作，结合“成功登顶”的语境，故填successfully。 22.is thought句意：它(K2峰)被认为比世界最高 峰珠穆朗玛峰的攀登难度更大。“被认为”用is thought 表示，是一般现在时的被动语态。 23.dangerous从“in danger of.”可知，这里表示 “危险的路”，修饰名词way用形容词dangerous。 24.but tried和didn't make it之间是转折关系，所 以填but。 25.its top在这里特指K2峰的山顶，所以其前用 形容词性物主代词its。 26.everything前文提到“We have lost almost everything.”,此处对应表示“我们不得不重新计划所 有事”，所以填everything。 27.including这里是说新团队包括六名尼泊尔夏 尔巴人，用介词including。 28.with“join forces with.”是固定搭配，意为 “与…合作；与…联手”，所以填with。 29.climbing“登山技能”用mountain climbing skills表示，climbing是动名词，与mountain共同构成名 词短语作定语，修饰skills。 30.to get the first to do sth.是固定搭配，意为“第 一个做某事的”。此处表示“第一个到达山顶的登山者”， to get作后置定语修饰climber。. 下册 。典型句子 3However,it looked as if the climbers would have to give up after a strong storm 然而，一场强风暴过后，登山者们似乎不得不放 弃了。 (这是一个主从复合句，结构为“it十系动词十as f引导的表语从句”，t指代情况，表语从句说明看 起来的内容，表示“情况看起来似乎…”。t seemed as if the project would be delayed due to the heavy rain.由于大雨，这个项目似乎要延期了。) 探究之旅 IIA 一、完形填空（文章大意：文章介绍了尼罗河的基本 信息和科学家在尼罗河上做乒乓球漂流实验的过程，通 过实验类比地球的处境，呼吁人们保护地球。) 1.C根据常识可知，尼罗河是世界上最长的河流。 deepest最深的；widest最宽的；longest最长的；highest 最高的。故C项正确。 2.D后文提到“the lifeline of Egypt"”,说明这条河 对埃及至关重要。interested感兴趣的（常用来修饰人）； beautiful美丽的；wonderful奇妙的；amazing令人惊叹 的。只有amazing更能体现河流作为生命线的特殊意 义。故D项正确。 3.A句意：尼罗河是埃及和苏丹两个国家的主 要水源。water水；food食物；oil油；salt盐。故A项 正确。 4.D句意：这些年，尼罗河沿岸的环境发生了很大 变化。sell卖；add添加；wash洗；change改变。change a lot表示“变化大”，符合语境。故D项正确。 5.B句意：但是没人注意到它（尼罗河环境）的状 况。achievement成就；condition状况；challenge挑战； development发展。故B项正确。 6.D后文提到“Scientists”,可知是科学家做实 验。teacher教师；engineer工程师；worker工人； scientist科学家。故D项正确。 7.A句意：实验的目的是展示一个大乒乓球是如 700770007000700700000070707 何沿着河流漂流4000英里的。how怎样（表方式）； where哪里（表地点）：when何时（表时间）；who谁（指 人)。故A项正确。 8.C句意：实验在乒乓球到达埃及首都开罗时结 束。pass经过（后接地点时需加by);return返回；reach 到达（及物动词，后面直接接地点）；go去（常与to搭配， 后接地点)。此处直接接地点Cairo,用reach。故C项 正确。 9.A句意：那时，来自开罗一所学校的一名学生把 手伸到尼罗河里并从水里捡起乒乓球。pick up捡起；fix up修理；put up张贴，搭建；cut up切碎。故A项正确。 10.D句意：科学家们沿着路开车，追踪乒乓球每 天的行程。run跑；catch抓住；fly飞；follow跟随，追踪。 故D项正确。 11.D句意：他们做了大量关于这个球每天移动距 离的详细记录。much许多的，大量的（修饰不可数名 词)；few几乎没有（修饰可数名词）；little几乎没有（修 饰不可数名词)；many许多的，大量的（修饰可数名 词)。records是可数名词复数，用many修饰。故D项 正确。 l2.C句意：科学家成功地做了这个实验。succeed in doing sth.是固定搭配，意为“成功做某事”。故C项 正确。 13.A句意：这帮助人们意识到，从某种意义上说， 地球就像一个在太空中运行的圆形乒乓球。round圆 的，球形的；new新的；small小的；big大的。此处强调形 状，故A项正确。 14,D句意：这个大乒乓球在尼罗河漂流期间变得 非常脏并受到了严重的伤害。get badly hurt是固定搭 配，意为“受了重伤”。故D项正确。 15.B句意：我们的地球就像实验中的乒乓球，它 需要我们的保护。research研究；protection保护；silence 沉默；discovery发现。故B项正确。 二、阅读理解（文章大意：文章主要介绍了湖北省每 个季节的特色旅游景点及在各个景点可以进行的活动。)】 1 Topic 4 l6.A细节理解题。根据Spring部分第一句“In spring,the most popular activity is to enjoy flowers." 第四句“When cherry blossoms all come out in early spring,the university looks like a pink sea.”可知，A项 正确。 17.D推理判断题。根据Summer部分第一至三 句“Shennongjia is known as‘Natural Oxygen Bar'.It's wonderful to visit in summer.The weather there is cooler than that in most areas of Hubei..”可知，神农架被 誉为“天然氧吧”。夏季前往游览再好不过。那里的天气 比湖北大部分地方都凉爽。由此可知，如果一位男士喜 欢凉爽的天气和大自然，那么他在七月份会去神农架。 l8.C细节理解题。根据Autumn部分第三句 "When the leaves turn bright yellow in autumn,the valley looks like a beautiful painting.”可知，在秋天，当树 叶变成亮黄色时，山谷看起来就像一幅美丽的画。由此 可知，游览银杏谷的最佳季节是秋季。 19.B细节理解题。根据Winter部分第四至六句 "Skiing there can be very exciting!When you're tired,lie back in a hot spring.You can relax,chatting and tasting the local tea.”可知，当你累了时，你可以泡在温泉里。你 可以放松一下，一边聊天一边品尝当地的茶。由此可知， 冬季游客在咸宁滑完雪后，可以享受温泉和茶。 20.C推理判断题。文章主要介绍了湖北省每 个季节的特色旅游景点及在各个景点可以进行的活 动。由此可推知，我们最有可能在旅游杂志上看到这 篇文章。 0典型句子 4 You can relax,chatting and tasting the local tea. 你可以放松一下，一边聊天一边品尝当地的茶。 (这是一个简单句。句中“chatting and tasting the local tea”是现在分词短语，在这里作伴随状语， 描述与主句动作relax同时发生的行为，补充说明 “放松”时的场景或方式。He sat there,drinking coffee and watching the sunset..他坐在那儿，一边喝 咖啡一边看日落。) 培优爱赛超级保空8年级英 三、综合填空（文章大意：文章介绍了鸡叫城的地理 位置、建造历史、古代城市风貌，以及数千年后，在考古学 家和历史学家的帮助下，艺术家在传统卷轴上再现其生 活场景的情况。) 2l.The根据上文中的“there was a city called Jijiaocheng'”可知，此处再次提及上文提到的城市，属于特 指，空处应填定冠词The。注意首字母大写。 22.provided全文讲述过去发生的事情，时态应用 一般过去时。 23.to cut此处指鸡叫城的统治者要求人们砍伐 山上的树木。ask sb.to do sth,为固定搭配，意为“要求 某人做某事”。 24.workers by后接动作的执行者，根据语境及常 识可知，运送木材的工人不止一个，此处应用worker的 复数形式workers。 25.their此处应用形容词性物主代词修饰名词短 语people and crop fields,故填their。. 26.really此处应用副词修饰动词短语took place。 real的副词形式为really。 27.and busy和rich为并列的形容词，共同修饰名 词Jijiaocheng,此处应用连词and连接。 28.traditional此处应用形容词修饰名词scroll。 tradition的形容词形式为traditional。 29.on spend time on sth.为固定搭配，意为“在某 事上花费时间”。 30.shows此处描述卷轴（当前）呈现的内容，是客 观事实，时态应用一般现在时；主语t为第三人称单数， 谓语动词也应用第三人称单数形式。 。典型句子 5Long,long ago,there was a city called Jijiaocheng,so named because it was said to have been built at daybreak. 很久很久以前，有一座城叫鸡叫城，之所以这么 命名，是因为据说它是在黎明时分建成的。 (句中so named是过去分词短语作后置定语， 修饰city,相当于which was so named,用来补充说 明城市名称的由来。There is a village called Xinghua,so named because it's full of apricot flowers in spring.有一个村子叫杏花村，之所以这 么命名，是因为春天这里开满了杏花。) 下册 走向名校 型银重II HmA 一、完形填空（文章大意：文章主要介绍了美国阿拉 斯加靠近北极的小镇Utqiagvik经历的超长极夜现象。) 1.C文章开篇围绕人们对冬季白天短的情绪展 开，他们因冬季白天短而产生负面情绪，因此“be upset about.”(对…感到沮丧/心烦)符合语境。故C项 正确。 2.D句意：下次你因冬季白天短而心烦时，想想阿 拉斯加的乌特恰维克。learn from向…学习；look for 寻找；talk to和…交谈；think about想想，考虑。故D 项正确。 3.A从语义和文章逻辑看，当地居民经历2024年 11月19日的最后一次日落，贴合描述生活事件的语境。 experienced更能精准体现“亲身经历（日落时刻）”。故 A项正确。 4.A句意：他们不得不等到2025年1月23日才能 再见太阳。have to不得不，必须（强调因自然规律极夜 而被迫接受的客观事实与无奈感)；should应该（侧重建 议)；may可能（表推测）；can能够（表能力）。故A项 正确。 5.Cin在…里；on在…上（表方位）；because of因为，由于（表原因）；instead of代替，而不是（表替代 关系)。只有because of能够表示极夜和位置的因果联 系。故C项正确。 6.B冬季时，极地附近区域会朝向背离太阳的方 向倾斜，导致这些地区几乎没有或完全没有阳光照射， 进而形成极夜现象，符合地理常识。toward朝向；away from远离，背离；along沿着；with和…一起。tlt away from the Sun是符合极夜成因的固定搭配，故B项 正确。 7.A little少量的，几乎没有的（修饰不可数名 词)；few少量的，几乎没有的（修饰可数名词复数）；many 许多（修饰可数名词复数）；much许多（修饰不可数名 词)。sunlight是不可数名词，排除B、,C两项；much不符 合极夜“缺阳光”的语境，排除D项。故A项正确。 8.B由地理常识可知，极夜时，太阳在地平线以 下，所以当地居民看不到太阳。above在…上方； 38 717717787008880700880000707 below在…下方；beside在…旁边；behind在…后 面。故B项正确。 9.C句意：极夜时的光线和日出前太阳完全升起 前的光线相似。different from与…不同；far from远 离，远非；similar to与…相似；same as和…一样（前 面常需加the,即the same as)。故C项正确。 l0.A“before the Sun fully rises'”指在太阳完全升 起之前，fuly(完全地)能够精准地体现日出阶段的光线 变化。故A项正确。 1l.B under在…下面；through透过，穿过（侧重 于从立体空间穿过)；across穿过（侧重于从平面横过）； over在…上方。因此只有through能精准表达“阳光 穿透大气层”的意思，且符合阳光传播的物理逻辑。故 B项正确。 12.D结合自然常识及后一句中的“not the only one”可知，Utqiagvik是每年第一个经历极夜的阿拉斯加 城镇。序数词first前要加定冠词the。故D项正确。 l3.D前文说“Utqiagvik is the first Alaskan town to experience a polar night each year'”,后文说“it is not the only one”,形成转折。故D项正确。 14.A also用于句中（实义动词前，be动词/情态 动词/助动词后)；to0用于句末，常用逗号与前句隔开； either用于否定句句末；as well.用于句末，无须用逗号隔 开。只有also的位置和语法规则都与句中语境相符。 故A项正确。 l5.B根据后文“when the Sun stays both day and night in the sky'”可知，这里描述的是极地夏季的极昼现 象。只有midnight Sun(午夜太阳)符合语境。故B项 正确。 0典型句子 6They had to wait until January 23,2025 to see the Sun again. 他们不得不等到2025年1月23日才能再次见 到太阳。 (句中“until January23,2025”是时间状语， until在此处表示“直到…为止”；当主句是肯定句 时，until前的谓语动词常用延续性动词。She will stay in the library until 9 o'clock tonight to finish her report,她会在图书馆待到今晚9点，直到完成 她的报告。) Topic 4 二、阅读理解（文章大意：文章主要介绍了山脉、山 谷、平原、岛屿和沙漠的特征。)】 16.D细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“Either way mountains are formed,it takes many,many years." 可知，无论以哪种方式形成山脉，都需要很多年。由此可 知，山脉的形成需要很长时间。故D项正确。 17.C细节理解题。根据第三段第三句“Many people live in valleys,because they have a comfortable temperature,are fit for plant growth,and may have rivers running through them.”可知，许多人居住在山谷 中，因为山谷中温度适宜，适合植物生长，并且可能有河 流流过。①③④符合题意。故C项正确。 18.C细节理解题。根据第五段第二、三句“They can be formed,break the surface of the ocean.”可知， 岛屿可由水下火山喷发，火山岩堆积后露出海面形成。C 项“随着时间推移，水下火山岩堆积后”符合。故C项 正确。 19.D词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句的前两句 可知，沙漠降水量不大，白天很热，晚上很冷。结合地理 常识可知，这种情况不利于动植物生存。因此，画线词应 意为“困难的”，与D项同义。故D项正确。 20.B文章结构题。通读全文可知，第一段总述地 球表面有许多不同种类的地貌，第二至六段分别介绍山 脉、山谷、平原、岛屿与沙漠五种地貌。由此可知，本文为 “总分”结构。故B项正确。 。典型句子 DEither way mountains are formed,it takes many,many years. 无论山脉是以何种方式形成的，都需要历经极 其漫长的岁月。 (“it takes十时间”表示“做某件事需要花费多少 时间”，其基本结构可扩展为“it takes sb.十时间十 to do sth.”,意为“做某事花费某人多少时间”。t took him three days to finish the report.写这份报 告花了他三天时间。) 39 培优凳赛超级保堂8年级英： 三、任务型阅读（文章大意：文章介绍了亚马孙雨林 的生态重要性、物种多样性及其在地球生态系统中的 作用。) 2l.tallest根据第二段最后一句“Then there are the towering ancient hardwoods,and finally the tops of the trees which are taller than surrounding things." 知，最后是比森林中其他树木都要高的树顶。因此，这里 要用形容词的最高级，即tallest。 22.insects根据第三段中的“These frogs,.in return,feed on insects which eat leaves and fruits." 知，食物链应为leaves and fruits→insects→frogs→ jaguars. 23.at least87 species第三段明确提到“They feed on at least87 species,including frogs.”,且题目要求不 超过4词，故填at least87 species。 24.all the Earth's oxygen/all the Earth's O2 第四段第二句中的“producing over20 percent of all the Earth's oxygen(O2)”可知，应填all the Earth's oxygen/, all the Earth's O2 25.示例：It's important because it keeps the ecosystem balanced.(答案不唯一，合理即可)文章阐 述了亚马孙雨林在维持生态平衡、提供氧气等方面的重 要性，从这些角度回答即可。 Topic 5 Nature's Temper 轻松起步 写1■■I■■ ■I1色 一、完形填空（文章大意：文章主要讲述了Mary下 班回家途中遭遇大雪的经历。)】 1.C根据后文中的“to go home'”可知，Mary是要 离开办公室。went意为“去”，但went her office语法错 误；returned意为“返回”，但returned her office不符合逻 辑；left意为“离开”，left her office符合语境；reached意 为“到达”，与文意不符。故C项正确。 2.C由后文“Suddenly the car rushed out of the bridge which was covered with ice.”可知，Mary穿过的 12 下册 HA A H AA I A R AR AA R 是桥。street(街道)、river(河流)、park(公园)均不符合 车冲出桥的情节。故C项正确。 3.D根据下文“When she woke up,her head was bleeding'”可知是撞到了头。arm胳膊；stomach胃；face 脸；head头。故D项正确。 4.B语境是“外面在下雪”，所以May会因为寒冷 而发抖。heat热，热量；cold寒冷；cool凉爽的；warm温 暖的。故B项正确。 5.C句意：Mary不知道自己所处的位置。when 何时；what什么；where哪里；who谁。故C项正确。 6.D从后文“her car was sitting on the frozen river'”以及“on the snow under the bridge'”可知，Mary在 桥下面。只有under(在…下面)符合语境。故D项 正确。 7.A根据常识可知，车在结冰的河面上，冰随时可 能破裂，因此Mary会感到紧张。nervous紧张的；lucky 幸运的；happy高兴的；sick生病的。故A项正确。 8.B句意：她知道冰不能长时间承受车的重量。 for very long是常用的表达，意为“很长时间”。故B项 正确。 9.A由“她在桥下，要到桥上”可知climb(爬)更合 适。故A项正确。 10.D句意：她试图爬到桥上，却总是在雪地里摔 倒。分析选项可知，只有falling(摔倒)最符合向上爬但 失败的结果描述。故D项正确。 11.C句意：她意识到没人能看到她的车，所以她 非常伤心。decide决定；seem似乎；realize意识到；hope 希望。故C项正确。 12.C句意：她不能移动，所以只能躺在桥下的雪 地上。stand站着；think思考；lie躺；play玩。故C项 正确。 13.A句意：她感觉没希望了。risk(风险)、sign (标志)、decision(决定)均和“没希望”的语义不符。故 A项正确。 14.B句意：她伤心地闭上眼睛。happily(高兴 40Topic 4 The Wonders of Nature 文化快餐 The Great Wall 万里长城 The Great Wall is located in the northern 长城位于中国的北部，它东起河北省渤 part of China.It goes from Shanhaiguan on 海湾的山海关，西至甘肃省的嘉峪关。它横 Bohai Bay in Hebei province in the east and 贯河北、北京、内蒙古、陕西、山西、宁夏、甘 ends at Jiayuguan in Gansu province in the 肃七个省、自治区、直辖市，全长约6700公 west.It lies across seven provinces,autonomous 里，约13300里。 regions and municipalities:Hebei,Beijing,Inner Mongolia,Shaanxi,Shanxi,Ningxia,Gansu.The total length is about 6,700 kilometers-about 13.3 thousand li. In China's vast northern land,lies a rolling,imposing wall,which is more than ten 在我国北方辽阔的土地上，东西横亘着 thousand li.It is considered a great miracle in 一道绵延起伏、气势雄伟、长达一万多里的 the history of world architecture.The Great 城墙。这就是被视为世界建筑史上一大奇 Wall is a great Chinese ancient defense project. 迹的万里长城。万里长城是我国古代一项 It shows people's strong determination and high 伟大的防御工程。它凝聚着我国古代劳动 degree of wisdom of ancient Chinese people.It 人民的坚强毅力和高度智慧，也显示了中华 also shows the Chinese nation's long history. 民族的悠久历史。 轻松起步 学有所获P177 、完形填空(2025·湖南师大附中预录考试，建议用时：10分钟) Do you think stones can move by 1.There are some famous moving 2 in Death Valley in the US.Many of the stones are small,but a few of them are very big.Some of the big stones are as 3 as a man.The biggest stone 4 about 350 kg. The stones only move at night.5 has ever seen them moving,6 now scientists know the answer to the question. The answer is the wind.When the wind 7 the west,the stones move to the east.When the wind is from the south,they always move to the north.But how can the wind move a very 42 Topic 4 The Wonders of Nature 1000787787771007080777877 8 stone? Death Valley is one of 9 places in the world,but it can be very 10 at night. Sometimes,there are even bad 11 at night.Rain falls,and the cold wind blows hard.The water on the ground turns into ice 12.Then the strong wind can move the stones 13 the smooth (ground.In the morning,the sun comes up and 14 the ground.So people can find that they move from one place to 15 in the daytime. ()1.A.yourself B.yourselves C.itself D.themselves ()2.A.mountains B.stones C.hills D.villages ()3.A.long B.longer C.big D.bigger ()4.A.moves B.stays C.weighs D.keeps ()5.A.Somebody B.Nobody C.Everybody D.Anybody （)6.A.so B.on C.and D.but ()7.A.comes from B.comes on C.comes out D.comes in ()8.A.light B.special C.normal D.heavy ()9.A.hot B.hotter C.the hotter D.the hottest ()10.A.warm B.cold C.quiet D.dark ()11.A.storms & waves C.noises D.earthquakes ()12.A.hardly B.properly C.easily D.seriously ()13.A.along B.across C.through D.with ()14.A.reaches B.dries C.faces D.protects ()15.A.others B.other C.another D.the other 二、阅读理解（建议用时：7分钟）》 The poem Han Gou wrote:“Frost(霜冻)brings a chill(寒意)to Han Gou,and the water looks quite clear;on such a freezing night,lots of stars light up boats.Deep from the dense water plants come,surprisingly,the sounds of words and the laughter of people." Han Gou,a canal in today's Jiangsu Province,ran across Gaoyou.It was dug in the late fifth century BC.Fuchai ordered the building of Han Gou to better the transportation of military supplies(军用物资). Yang Guang,the Sui Dynasty emperor,developed the canal.Under his order,more canals were dug to extend the Han Gou water transportation system.The final canal reached Beijing to the north and Hangzhou to the south.The following dynasties,people worked on keeping the canal useful. The Grand Canal runs through lots of cities and makes people's lives easier.Shan Jixiang says that because the building materials of the Palace Museum arrived in Beijing through the Grand Canal,ancient Beijing was,in some ways,formed by and flowed (from the canal. 43 培优竟赛超级课堂8年级英语下册 AAAAAAEAAAAAAAAA ()l6.(新考法：跨学科融合)What does the underlined sentence mean? A.孤帆远影碧空尽，唯见长江天际流。 B.遥知兄弟登高处，遍插茱萸少一人。 C.菰蒲深处疑无地，忽有人家笑语声。 D.姑苏城外寒山寺，夜半钟声到客船。 ()17.Why did Fuchai order people to build Han Gou? A.To carry the things to build buildings. B.To better the transportation of military supplies. C.To make the water flow. D.To meet people's needs and be a good ruler. ()18.What does the underlined word "extend"mean in Paragraph 3? A.扩大 B.美化 C.重建 D.加固 ()19.What does Shan Jixiang think of the Grand Canal? A.Dangerous.B.Useful. C.Beautiful. D.Expensive. ()20.Which of the following statements about Han Gou is TRUE according to the passage? A.It was first built in the Sui Dynasty. B.It is located in today's Zhejiang Province. C.It was originally built to transport building materials. D.It was developed by Yang Guang in the Sui Dynasty. 三、阅读还原（2025·山西中考，建议用时：8分钟) 根据短文内容，从选项中选出能填入文中空白处的最佳选项。选项中有一项是多余的。 Shanxi,a province that lies in the northern part of China,is a land rich in history,culture, and beautiful views.21 Here are two of them. Pingyao Ancient City is one of the best-kept ancient cities in China.It is a famous cultural city with over 2,700 years of history.Inside the city walls,the streets,shops and houses all keep the style of the Ming and Qing Dynasties.22 Overlooking from above,you may find the city is in the shape of a tortoise ()which is regarded as an animal of long life.The design of Pingyao Ancient City carries the meaning of making this city last for ages. Xuankong Temple is one of China's wonders.It is about 50 meters above the ground. 23 That's why the temple got its name.It has a long history of over 1,500 years.Everyone who sees it will wonder why it can still stand tall after so many years.Xuankong Temple shows the ancient Chinese wisdom in both engineering and design.Its position takes full advantage of the natural terrain ()The overhanging rocks provide a natural protection.24 This design not only makes the temple match the natural environment nicely,but also reflects ancient 44 ● Topic 4 The Wonders of Nature 100078778777178708877877 Chinese people's idea of harmony (between man and nature,that is,man should fit in with and make good use of the environment. Such historical places are treasures filled with stories and secrets.25 Whether you're a history fan or just want to see some wonders,Shanxi promises you an unforgettable experience. A.Come and experience them. B.Shanxi has a long and colorful history. C.They clearly show people's life at that time. D.It is home to a lot of historical places in China. E. About one third of its body is hanging on the rocks. F.And the stone walls on the sides protect it from bad weather. 21 22. 23. 24. 25. 三维体验 学有所获衡P178 一、完形填空(2025·湖南湘雅自主招生考试，建议用时：11分钟) A week after reaching the top of Mount Elbrus in Russia,1 mountain in Europe,Zhou Yichen,11,still remembered everything about the 2 experience. Putting on crampons (over his high mountain boots,Yichen started to move toward the top at 3 a.m.on July 16."It was 3 very dark,with only 4 red light on the horizon ()That was why we all had to wear head lamps,and the 5 also caused the difficulty of climbing,"Yichen wrote in his diary. About 6 of the way up the mountain,which is about 5,642 meters high,altitude sickness(高原反应)brought on stomachaches and headaches,causing Yichen's steps to slow. He began swaying (and 7 down on the ground.For two to three minutes,he couldn't get up. His father and three guides 8,asking if he could continue.Yichen thought for a moment and said,"The top is right ahead.We're about two hours away from 9 it.I can keep walking..” 10 his father's help,Yichen continued onward.The pain went away after 11 two- thirds of the way.In the final third of the journey,Yichen's condition improved.He was the first of the five 12 the top at about 8 a.m.that day. Looking at the snow-covered mountains 13 with the sound of blowing cold winds in his 14 Yichen said he had a strong feeling of 15 that was hard to describe in words. ()1.A.high B.higher C.the higher D.the highest ()2.A.exciting B.excite C.excited D.excitedly 45 培优爱赛超级保堂8年级英语下附 AAXAAXAXX0AA ()3.A.even B.already C.still D.also ()4.A.few B.a few C.little D.a little ()5.A.light B.dark C.lightness D.darkness ()6.A.one-three B.two-third C.one-third D.second-three ()7.A.fell B.felt C.dropped D.lied ()8.A.came up ￡ came over C.showed up D.kept on (）9.A.arriving B.getting C.reaching D.touching ()10.A.In B.Under C.Without D.With ()11.A.walking B.climbing C.running D.swimming ()12.A.reach B.reaches C.to reach D.reaching ()13.A.all in all B.all around C.all together D.all through ()14.A.eyes B.ears C.nose D.face ()15.A.achievement B.failure C.suffering D.pleasure 二、阅读理解(2024·福建中考，建议用时：7分钟) Though oceans cover about 71 percent of the earth's surface,there's still a lot we don't know about them.Only about 20 percent of the seafloor has been mapped,and the remaining 80 percent is still a secret to us.Some scientists even think that 91 percent of sea animals have yet to be discovered. So why do we know so little about the deep sea?Well,getting to those depths is very difficult and requires high technology that simply didn't come into being for most of human history.The first navigable submarine(可驾驶的潜水艇)，for example,was built in 1620,and it couldn't go more than five meters below the surface.In fact,for a long time many scientists didn't even think that there could be any life at depths greater than 550 meters and didn't see much need to explore (the deep sea.However,this changed in 1862 when life was discovered as far down as 945 meters below sea level with the help of a digging machine.Ten years later,around 4,700 species (unknown before from the ocean floor were discovered. Since then,high technology has been developed to help explore the deep sea,including satellites.But why is deep-sea exploration still so difficult?Well,at greater depths it is freezing (极冷的)，everything is completely dark,and the pressure can be over 1,OO0 times greater than that on the surface. Though we have the difficulties,it's important that we understand the seas.They help control the earth's temperature and produce half of the oxygen (O2)in the air.They can also provide us with information about climate change.Our future depends on learning more about our oceans,and it is possible for us to really understand what is ongoing below the surface. 46 Topic 4 The Wonders of Nature 0007777781077700700707077 ()16.Why are some numbers listed in Paragraph 1? A.To introduce how important oceans are. B.To discuss why sea animals have yet to be found out. C.To explain that oceans cover a large area of the earth. D.To show that we have only a little understanding of oceans. ()17.What caused the change of exploration into the deep sea? A.High technology. B.Unknown species. C.A pleasant environment. D.Valuable information. ()18.What does the underlined word "They"in the last paragraph refer to? A.Sea animals. B.The seas. C.The satellites. D.Many scientists. ()19.What can we learn from the text? A.It is difficult to build a navigable submarine. B.The seas have a strong influence on our future. C.The seas have no lives at a depth of 550 meters. D.It is easier to go into the deep sea than we think. ()20.What could be the best title for the text? A.Hidden Treasures in Deep Sea B.Unlocked Secrets of Deep Sea C.Deep-Sea Exploration:Into the Freezing Depths D.Deep-Sea Exploration:The Past and the Future 三、短文填空（建议用时：10分钟） 阅读下面的短文，从方框中选出正确的词并用其适当形式填空，使短文通顺，意思完整。每 空限填一词，每词限用一次。 think but something include success danger get with it climb A group of climbers from Nepal have set a world record (by 21 reaching the top of K2 in winter.This has never been done before. On the border (between China and Pakistan,standing 8,611 meters high,K2 is the world's second-highest mountain.It 22 to be more difficult to climb than the world's tallest mountain,Mount Qomolangma.Climbers face temperatures of一40C,steep slopes(陡峭的斜 and deep snow.On one 23 way called"the bottleneck",climbers are in danger of being hit by ice as big as cars falling from above.K2 was named "the Savage Mountain"by the US climber George Bell,who tried 24 didn't make it in 1953. 47 @回 培优竟赛超级课堂8年级英语下册 AAAAAEAAAAAAAAA This time,about 60 climbers competed to be the first to reach 25 top in winter. However,it looked as if the climbers would have to give up after a strong storm."We have lost almost everything ...Nepalese climber Nirmal "Nims"Purja wrote on his page online. “We had to plan26 again.” Purja put together a new team,27 six Nepalese Sherpas,who joined forces 28 another three-man Sherpa team led by Mingma G.Sherpas are people who live in the Himalayan mountains and are known for their mountain 29 skills.On January 16,2021,they crested the mountain,singing the Nepalese songs. It is a joint record:no individual is being named the first climber 30 to the top.Purja wrote on his page online again:"THE IMPOSSIBLE IS MADE POSSIBLE!History made for mankind,history made for Nepal!" 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 探究之旅 学有所获霉P178 一、完形填空(2025·安徽肥东宏志班选拔考试，建议用时：11分钟) There are a lot of long rivers in the world,like the Nile,the Amazon and the Yangtze River.The Nile is the 1 river in the world.Many people think it is an 2 river,the lifeline of Egypt.But in fact,it is an international river used by eleven countries in Africa.And it is the main source (of 3 in two countries,Egypt and Sudan. These years,the environment along the Nile 4 a lot,but nobody noticed this 5. Once some great6_did an experiment(实验)along the Nile..The purpose(目的)of the experiment was to show 7 a big ping-pong ball traveled four thousand miles down the river. The experiment ended when the ping-pong ball 8 the capital city of Egypt,Cairo.At that time,a student from one of the schools in Cairo reached down(伸手向下)into the Nile and 9 the ping-pong ball from the water.Scientists 10 it by driving along roads.They kept 11 careful records (of how far the ball traveled each day.The scientists 12 in doing this experiment.It helped people realize that in some ways the earth was just a 13 ping-pong ball traveling through space.The big ping-pong ball became too dirty and got 14 hurt during the tour in the Nile.Our earth is like the ping-pong ball in the experiment and it needs our 15.It is our home,and it is our future. ()1.A.deepest B.widest C.longest D.highest ()2.A.interested B.beautiful C.wonderful D.amazing ()3.A.water B.food C.oil D.salt 48 ● Topic 4 The Wonders of Nature 1000787787771007080777877 ()4.A.sold B.added C.washed D.changed ()5.A.achievement B. condition C.challenge D.development ()6.A.teachers B.engineers C.workers D.scientists ()7.A.how B.when C.where D.who ()8.A.passed B. returned C. reached D.went ()9.A.picked up B.fixed up C.put up D.cut up ()10.A.ran B.caught C.flew D.followed ()11.A.much B.few C.little D.many ()12.A.finished B.kept C.succeeded D.realized ()13.A.round B.new C.small D.big ()14.A.heavily B.quietly C.suddenly D.badly ()15.A.research B.protection C.silence D.discovery 二、阅读理解(2025·湖北中考，建议用时：8分钟) Great trips for each season in Hubei! Spring In spring,the most popular activity is to enjoy flowers.Come to Wuhan University.There are nearly 200 cherry trees.When cherry blossoms (all come out in early spring,the university looks like a pink sea.You can walk along Cherry Blossom Avenue and admire old Chinese-style buildings.Besides,you can ride around the East Lake or visit the Yellow Crane Tower Summer Shennongjia is known as "Natural Oxygen Bar".It's wonderful to visit in summer.The weather there is cooler than that in most areas of Hubei.Millions of people visit Shennongjia to get away from the summer heat.You can go hiking (in thick forests and breathe fresh air.If you're lucky,you might meet golden monkeys! Autumn Suizhou is famous for the Ginkgo Valley(银杏谷).There are thousands of old ginkgo trees around the villages.When the leaves turn bright yellow in b autumn,the valley looks like a beautiful painting.Visitors often take photos and collect the colorful leaves.You can also try green food at the r广 villagers'homes. Winter Xianning is great for a holiday in winter.It's a green city with lots of mountains and hot springs.There is a big ski (area at the top of a mountain.Skiing there can be very exciting!When you're tired,lie back in a hot 49 培优竟赛起级课壁8年级英语下所 AAAAAAEAAAAAAAA A spring.You can relax,chatting and tasting the local tea.It brings full energy to every visitor. ()16.Which of the following activities is the most popular in Wuhan in spring? A.Enjoying cherry blossoms. B.Seeing Chinese-style buildings. C.Running along the East Lake. D.Visiting the Yellow Crane Tower. ()17.If a man likes cool weather and nature,where will he go in July? A.Wuhan. B.Xianning. C.Suizhou. D.Shennongjia. ()18.Which season is the best to visit the Ginkgo Valley? A.Spring. B.Summer. C.Autumn. D.Winter. ()19.What can visitors enjoy after skiing in Xianning in winter? A.Local green food. B.Hot springs and tea. C.A hike up the mountain.D.Wild plants and animals. ()20.Where can you most probably read the passage? A.In a science report.B.In a food guide. C.In a travel magazine.D.In a geography textbook. 三、综合填空(2025·湖南中考，建议用时：9分钟) 阅读下面的短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的适当形式。 Long,long ago,there was a city called Jijiaocheng,so named because it was said to have been built at daybreak.21 city was on the rich Liyang Plain ()Many waterways 22 (provide)water for crop fields and the people living inside and outside of the city. The rulers of Jijiaocheng asked the people 23 (cut)down trees in the mountains.The wood was shipped by 24 (worker)to the city for tall buildings.Standing in them,the city's rulers would be able to see 25 (they)people and crop fields between the waterways.In autumn,plenty of rice was brought to the city. This is not some bedtime story.It 26 (real)took place around 4,500 years ago. Thousands of years later,the once busy 27 rich Jijiaocheng,which is now in a town of Iunan,came to the notice of the modern world.With the help of archaeologists(考古学家)and historians,artists painted recreations of life in Jijiaocheng in a 28 (tradition)scroll () The scroll was part of a huge project.A group of artists spent two years 29 it.It includes eight paintings,which are 140 meters long in total.It 30 (show)early human activities on the Liyang Plain and the prehistoric culture in Hunan. 50 ● Topic 4 The Wonders of Nature 0007777781077701700777077 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 走向名校 学有所获题P179 一、完形填空(2025·湖北鄂州高中自主招生考试，建议用时：12分钟) The next time you are 1 about short winter days,2 Utqiagvik,Alaska.The locals of America's northernmost town 3 their final sunset of 2024 on November 19.They 4 wait until January 23,2025 to see the Sun again. Utqiagvik's long polar night (is 5 its location,just 1,300 miles south of the North Pole.During the winter,areas near the poles tilt 6 the Sun,leaving them with 7 or no sunlight. While the locals of Utqiagvik will not see the Sun,they will still have some light during the day.The Sun appears 8 the horizon and the sunshine is 9 the light we see at sunrise before the Sun 10 rises.It creates beautiful blue,orange,and pink colors as the Sun shines 11 the Earth's atmosphere(大气层). Utqiagvik is 12 Alaskan town to experience a polar night each year,13 it is not the only one.In the coming weeks,people in Kaktovik,Point Hope,and Anaktuvuk Pass will 14 say goodbye to the Sun for a few months.Northern countries of Finland,Norway and Sweden also experience this situation. People in these areas are well rewarded for going through the dark and cold winters.During the summer,they enjoy the 15 Sun when the Sun stays both day and night in the sky. ()1.A.calm B.happy C.upset D.excited ()2.A.learn from B.look for C.talk to D.think about ()3.A.experienced B.forgot C.hated D.loved ()4.A.had to B.should C.might D.could ()5.A.in B.on C.because of D.instead of ()6.A.toward B.away from C.along D.with （)7.A.little B.few C.many D.much ()8.A.above B.below C.beside D.behind ()9.A.different from B.far from C.similar to D.same as ()10.A.fully B.suddenly C.quietly D.hardly ()11.A.under B.through C.across D.over ()12.A.first B.a first C.the last D.the first ()13.A.s0 B.or C.and D.but 51 培优竟赛起级课壁8年级英语下所 AAAAEAAAAAAAA A ()14.A.also B.too C.either D.as well ()15.A.morning B.midnight C.afternoon D.evening 二、阅读理解(2025·四川成都外国语学校自主招生考试，建议用时：9分钟) There are many different kinds of landforms on the planet's surface ()You probably know about some of them already! Mountains are very tall landforms.Mountain groups are called mountain ranges.Some mountains are formed from volcanic (rocks,while other mountains are formed when the plates (under the earth's surface crash together and push up the land.Either way mountains are formed,it takes many,many years. Valleys (are the spaces between mountains.Some valleys are V-shaped,and some are U-shaped.Many people live in valleys,because they have a comfortable temperature,are fit for plant growth,and may have rivers running through them. Plains are large,flat (areas of land.Since flat land is easy to build on,many cities are on plains.Many plants can grow on plains,as well.Some plains are by oceans,and are called ocean plains.Plains that are by rivers are called river plains,and are especially good for growing crops. Islands are areas of land with water on all sides.They can be formed by underwater volcanoes.As time goes by,the volcanic rocks build up and eventually break the surface of the ocean. Deserts are another kind of landform.They are large areas of land that do not receive a lot of rainfall.They can be very hot during the day and very cold at night.It is arduous for many plants and animals to live in deserts. ()16.What can we know about mountains? A.They are V-shaped or U-shaped. B.They are large,flat areas of land. C.It is comfortable to live in the mountains. D.It takes a long time to form mountains. ()l7.(新考法：细节多选)Why do many people live in valleys?? D They are fit for growing plants. ②They are by oceans. 3 Rivers may run through them. 4 They have a comfortable temperature. A.①②③ B.①②④ C.①③④ D.②③④ ()18.Islands can be formed 52 Topic 4 The Wonders of Nature 0007077781077701700707077 A.when the plains join together B.after the ocean passes by the mountains C.after the volcanic rocks underwater build up over time D.when the plates under the earth's surface crash together ()19.Which word is close to the underlined word "arduous"? A.Necessary. B.Comfortable. C.Strange. D.Difficult. ()20.(新考法：文章结构)What is the structure of the passage?(①=Paragraph 1,②= Paragraph 2...) B ② 6 D.②③ ④ ⑤ 三、任务型阅读(2024·四川南充中考改编，建议用时：10分钟) 阅读下面的短文，用英文回答短文后的问题（请注意括号内的词数要求）。 Welcome to the Amazon rainforest.As the largest rainforest in the world,it plays an important role in keeping the balanced ecosystem on the Earth.With an area of around 6 million square kilometers,the Amazon rainforest is more than half the size of China.This area has a great many species ()Actually,one in ten known species in the world can be found here. Of the 390,000 plant species known to us,more than 40,000 can be found in the Amazon. There are different levels in the forest.At the bottom is a system of roots under the ground. Above that is leaf litter on the dark forest floor.The next level is made up of shorter plants with large leaves.Then there are the towering ancient hardwoods,and finally the tops of the trees which are taller than surrounding things. More than 1,300 species of birds and over 400 species of mammals frog 乳动物)hide among the forest''s plant life.This jaguar is one example. jaguar While a large number of jaguars survive here,they are only one part of this forest's food chain ()They feed on at least 87 species,including frogs.These frogs,in turn,feed on insects which eat leaves and fruits. 53 培优爱赛起级保空8年级英语下所 AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA The Amazon rainforest is a treasure house of species that can be used for food or medicine. What's more,the Amazon rainforest breathes life into the planet by producing over 20 percent of all the Earth's oxygen(O2).So it is often known as the "lungs of the planet". 218.22.Fill in the blanks according to the passage. The species in the Amazon rainforest Plant species Animal species Number:more than 1,300 species of Number:over 40,000 species birds and over 400 species of mammals Different levels in the forest: 1 the bottom:a system of roots 2 the second level:leaf litter One of the food chains in the forest: 3 the third level:shorter plants with large leaves leaves and fruits-22. 4 the fourth level:towering ancient hardwoods frogs→jaguars(仅填1词) 5 the top:the tops of the 21. trees in the forest(仅填1词) 23.According to the passage,there are a large number of jaguars living in the rainforest and they feed on ·(不超过4词) 24.Known as the "lungs of the planet",the Amazon rainforest produces over 20%of (不超过4词) 25.(开放性试题)What do you think of the Amazon rainforest?Why?Use your own words. (不超过20词) 54