第11章 名词性从句-【高考零起点】2026年新高考英语总复习（艺考）

零起点·荧语 第十一章 知识梳理 英语中，名词充当的句子成分主要有 主语、宾语、表语和同位语。然而，在实际 运用中，如果这些成分仅仅用名词去充当 的话往往不够用，为了更加准确地表达出 句子的意思，通常用一个句子去充当这些 成分，于是便产生了名词性从句。与句子 成分相对应，名词性从句也包括主语从句、 宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 (1)在整个句子中充当主语的从句叫 主语从句。 What we need is more practice..我f们需 要的（东西）是更多的实践。 (2)在整个句子中充当宾语的从句叫 宾语从句。 I wonder if you can do me a favor.我想 知道你是否可以帮我个忙。 (3)在整个句子中充当表语的从句叫 表语从句。 That is what we need.那是我们所需要 的（东西）。 (4)在整个句子中充当同位语的从句叫 同位语从句。 I heard the news that our team had won. 我听到了我们队获胜的消息。 Danny left word with my secretary that he would call again in the afternoon.丹尼留言 给我秘书说他下午会再打电话。 引导名词性从句的词有三类：连词、连 接代词和连接副词。 64 名词性从句 词类 词形 在从句中 词义 充当的成分 that 连词 if/whether 是否 (无论)什么 主语、宾语、 what(ever) 表语 who(ever) (无论)谁 主语、宾语 连接 whom 谁 宾语 代词 whose 谁的 定语 主语、宾语、 which 哪个 表语 where(ever) (无论)在哪里 状语 连接 when(ever) (无论)什么时候 状语 副词 how(ever) (无论)怎样 状语 why 为什么 状语 如： D Where he is staying is unknown to us. 我们不知道他待在哪儿。 2 That depends on where we shall go. 那取决于我们将要去哪儿。 3 Who will be the leader of us will be determined at the next meeting.下次会议将 会决定谁将成为我们的领导人。 4 My question is who will take over the class..我的问题是谁将接管这个班级。 5 When they are going to get married remains unknown.他们何时结婚仍未可知。 6 Why he failed in the English exam wasn't clear.不清楚他英语考试为什么会不 及格。 7 This is what we have got from the pro- ject.这是我们从这个项目中得到的东西。 ⑧Whatever he said was right.无论他 说什么都是对的。 ⑨Whoever says that is a liar..说那话的 人是个骗子。 10 I'll give the ticket to whoever wants it. 谁想要这票，我就把它给谁。 引导名词性从句时，在一般情况下， where=the place where(如①②)，what=the thing(s)that（如⑦)，whatever=anything that(如⑧)，whoever=anyone who(如⑨ 0)。 注意：在连接副词中有一个特殊的词 because,可以引导表语从句。如： The boss scolded him.That was because he came late..注意与why引导的表语从句 和定语从句的区别。 He came late.That's why the boss scolded him. The reason why the boss scolded him was that he came late. 1.连词 (1)连词that在从句中没有意义，也不 充当任何句子成分，只起连接作用。在引 导宾语从句时可以省略，在引导表语从句 时，有时也可省略，而引导主语从句和同位 语从句时不可省。 That the earth turns around the sun is known to all.地球绕着太阳转，这是我们大 家都知道的。（主语从句） I know(that)you are right.我知道你 是对的。（宾语从句） What we didn't know was (that)he would come.我们不知道的是他会来。（表 语从句) I've come from Mr.Zhang with a message that he won't be able to see you this afternoon 第十一章名词性从句 我从张先生那里来，带来了他今天下午不 能来看你这个消息。（同位语从句） (2)whether和f的区别。 在以下几种情况下只能用whether。. ①引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从 句时只能用whether。 Whether he will come is still unknown. 他是否会来还不知道。 The problem is whether he will come. 题是他是否会来。 The problem whether he will come has not been settled.他是否会来这个问题还没 解决。 ②作介词宾语，或者与不定式、or not 连用时，只能用whether。. I was worried about whether he will come.我担心他是否会来。 I don't know whether I should go or not. 我不知道我应不应该去。 Idon't know whether to go..我不知道去 还是不去。 例1 I don't know he is well or not. 【答案】whether 【解析】引导宾语从句，与or not连用 只能用whether,.不能用if。 2.连接代词 (l)在what和whatever引导的名词性 从句中，它们都是一个兼词，其中what=the thing(s)that,whatever=anything that。它 们在从句中均可充当主语、宾语或表语。 如：What we need is water.我们需要的 (东西)是水。其中what=the thing that. 2 A computer can only do 65 零起点·英语 you have instructed it to do. 【答案】what 【解析】what引导宾语从句，并在从句 中作宾语，表示“一台电脑只能做你指示它 去做的事情”。 3 Choosing the right dictionary de- pends on you want to use it for. 【答案】what 【解析】what引导的名词性从句作介 词on的宾语，what在从句中又充当介词 for的宾语，表示“你想用它做什么”。 (2)复合疑问连接代词whatever,who ever,whichever等引导的名词性从句，意义 为“无论什么”“无论谁”“无论哪一个”或 “任何东西”“任何人”“任何一个”等，可以 变成相应的定语从句。 Whoever leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.无论谁最后离开房间，都 要关灯。 Anyone who leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights. 例4翻译：一般认为，小孩子想要什 么就给什么是不明智的。 It is generally considered unwise to give a child he or she wants. 【答案】whatever 3.t在名词性从句中的用法 (1)it作形式主语 由于主语从句位于句首，句子显得头 重脚轻，因此常把它移到后面，句首用t 来作形式主语。 Whether he will come or not is still un- known. It is still unknown whether he will 66 come or not. t作形式主语的4个常见句型： ①Itis+形容词+that从句 It is strange that he didn't come yester- day. ②Its+名词（词组）+that从句 It is a pity that we can't go there. ③Itis+过去分词+that从句 It is reported that three people were killed in the traffic accident. ④It+动词+that从句 It seems that she likes English. 例5 It is known to us where there is pollution,there is harm. 【答案】that 【解析】句意：众所周知，哪里有污染， 哪里就有危害。t为形式主语，后面的主语 从句where there is pollution,there is harm结 构和意思都完整，空格处只起连接作用， 故填在从句中不充当任何成分的that。 例6 was a pity that he missed the chance to take part in the contest. 【答案】It 【解析】此题考查t作形式主语的用 法。根据句子结构可知，that引导的从句 为主语从句，作真正主语，因此前面应有 形式主语，而形式主语只能用t。句意：很 遗憾他错过了参加比赛的机会。 (2)it作形式宾语 如果宾语从句后面有宾语补足语，则 用t作形式宾语，将从句后置。 We must make it clear that anyone who breaks the law will be punished. 4.同位语从句与定语从句的区别 The news that he got first prize is surpris- ing.(同位语从句) The news that you've heard isn't true. (定语从句) ①同位语从句中的that是连词，在从 句中不充当任何句子成分；定语从句中的 that除了起连接作用外，还在句子中充当 一定的句子成分，如例句中的that就在句 子中充当宾语。 ②从语义上来看，同位语从句与先行 词是等同关系，一个具体，一个抽象，如第 一个例句中的先行词news和从句that he got first prize,news的具体内容就是that he got first prize。而定语从句中的从句是修饰 先行词的，整体充当定语的成分，可译为 “…的”，如第二个例句中的从句意思为 “你听到的消息”。 7 I am delighted to hear the news you have passed the driving test. 【答案】that 【解析】that引导同位语从句，解释说 明前面抽象名词news的具体内容。 巩固练习 用适当的连词、连接代词或连接副词填空。 1. the boy didn't take medicine made his mother angry 2. he said at the meeting astonished everybody present. 3.That is he likes the place so much. 4.One of the men held the view what the book said was right. 5.That is Lu Xun once lived. 6. is going to do the job will be de- cided by the Party committee 第十一章名词性从句 7.The order came the soldiers had to leave the small village the next morning. 8. Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness. 9.It depends on we have enough time or not. 10. you did it is not known to all. 11. wins can get a prize. 12.The gold medal will be awarded to wins first place in the bicycle race. 13. he always serves the people very well is known. 14.It doesn't matter you pay by cash or credit card in this store. 15.My parents used they had to get a new car for me. 16.It is not a problem we can win the battle;it's just a matter of time. 17.The fact she had not said any- thing surprised all of us. 18.This is the Shenzhou 5 Spaceship landed. 19.It worried her a bit her hair was turning gray. 20.The shocking news made me realize terrible problems we would face. 21.Modern science has given clear evidence smoking can lead to many dis- eases. 22.You are saying that everyone should be equal,and this is I disagree. 23.They lost their way in the forest,and made matters worse was that night began to fall. 678.with which 9.which 10.As 11.that/which 12.who/that 13.whose 14.that 15.that/which 16.whose 17.as 18.after which 19.As 20.which/as 21.that 22.that 23.that 二、1.through which2.at which3.from whom 4.by which 5.for which 6.in which 7.of whom 8.of which 9.about/of which 10.near/under/beside/on which 第二节关系副词 巩固练习 1.where 2.when 3.why 4.that/which 5.when 6.that/which 7.that/which 8.where句意：无人驾驶是一个中国和世界其他国家都在 同一起跑线的领域。area表一个抽象的地点概念。 9.which句意：到下午四点半，差不多要关门的时候，几乎 所有的画都已经卖光了。先行词是16：30，关系词在从句中 作主语，故要用关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句。 10.that 11.when 12.when 13.where 14.where 15.where 16.who/that;that 第十一章名词性从句 巩固练习 1.That2.What相当于the thing(s)that。 3.why4.that引导同位语从句。5.where 6.Who7.that引导同位语从句。8.What相当于the thing that 9.whether 10.How/Why/When 11.Whoever (相当于Anyone who)12.whoever13.That 14.whether 句意：在这家商店里，无论你用现金支付还是用信用卡支付 都无关紧要。l5.what16.whether句意：我们能否打赢 这场战斗不是问题，这只是时间问题。17.that 18.where 19.that 20.what 21.that 22.where(=the place that) 23.what 第十二章 状语从句 巩固练习 1.When2.As句意：随着时间的推移，天气变得更糟了。 as用来说明两种正在发展变化的情况。 3.Though/Although/While 4.until It is not until...that... 强调句，意为“直到…才…”。 5.when/while/as 6.as/because/for 7.since 8.Although/While/Though9.that10.as按照。 11.unless 12.before 13.When/After 14.however/no matter how 15.as long as句意：我父母不介意我做什么样 的工作，只要我开心。16.f17.where18.As l9.before句意：政府已经采取措施来解决电量短缺的问 题，但是也许要一段时间以后情况才会有所改善。 20.than21.before所填词引导状语从句，构成“It won't be +时间段+before+一般现在时从句”，意思是“过不了多久 …就…”。22.that23.since/as/because24.in order that/so that 25.when 26.even if/though 27.No matter how/However 28.unless 29.when/if 30.as if/though 3l.as long as32.when只要辨认出固定句型hardly..when ,问题即可解答。句意：我刚到办公室，我妻子就给我打 电话让我立刻回家。33.because34.in case35.where/ when若填where.,则where相当于in the place where 第十三章非谓语动词 第一节非谓语动词作主语、表语和宾语 巩固练习 1.Traveling动名词作主语。2.to learn不定式作真正的 主语。3.watering4.to give/giving5.sending6.taking 7.to be updated 8.complaining 9.to become 10.not to see/not to have seen 11.reading 12.getting 13.to meet 14.borrowing;to return 15.looking 16.smoking 17.hearing 18.to give 19.reading 20.asking 第二节非谓语动词作定语 巩固练习 L.running2.wearing3.to be published用不定式，表示动 作还未完成。其逻辑主语是所修饰的名词book,不定式与逻 辑主语是被动关系，故用不定式的被动式。4.bought5.to do名词前有最高级修饰，故用不定式作后置定语。 6.written7.being built8.to express ability作为一个抽象 名词，通常使用不定式作后置定语。9.to practice 10.to go 11.Spoken 12.dressed 13.used 14.taken 15.to be discussed 16.repairing to be repaired;to be repaired 17.borrowed18.saying19.discovered该空在句中作后 置定语修饰the money,the money与discover之间为被动关 系，动作已经完成20.living 第三节非谓语动词作补语 巩固练习 1.not to make ask sb.(not)to do sth.意为“要求某人（不） 要做某事”。2.to stay3.watering 4.heard非谓语动词与himself之间是被动关系，所以用过 去分词作宾语补足语。5.calling hear后面的宾语补足语 可以为省略to的不定式do,也可以为doing,区别在于doing 表示动作正在进行，而d0表示已经完成的整个动作。 6.finished have sth.done意为“完成某事”。7.performing 8.looking宾语many people和look之间存在主动关系，并且看 的动作正在进行，所以用现在分词作宾语补足语。9.running keep+sb./sth.+done/doing,根据句意，sth.与它后面的动词构成 主动关系。l0.to solve宾语problems和solve之间存在被动 关系，并且谓语的动作还未发生，在wh复合结构中要用主动形 式表示被动意义，所以用不定式作宾语补足语。