第8章 情态动词-【高考零起点】2026年新高考英语总复习（艺考）

第八章 知识梳理 一、概念及分类 1.情态动词的概念 情态动词表示说话人对有关行为或事 物的态度及看法，认为其可能、应该或必要 等，不能单独作谓语，只能和其他动词原 形一起作谓语。 2.情态动词的分类 ①只作情态动词：must,can(could), may(might),ought to. 二、常见的情态动词 can/could may/might must 能够，可能 可能，可以 一定，必须 1.常见的情态动词词义举例 He can speak5 languages.他会讲五种 语言。（能够) Can this be an excuse for not giving them help?这难道能成为不帮助他们的理由吗？ (可能) The student may be playing a computer game.这个学生或许正在打电脑游戏。 (可能) People may not pick flowers in this gar- den.人们不得攀折这个花园的花木。 (可以) You must be here at 7:30 tomorrow morning.你明天早上七点半必须到达这里。 (必须) 第八章情态动词 情态动词 ②可作情态动词，又可作实义动词： need,dareo ③可作情态动词，又可作助动词： shall(should),will(would). ④具有情态动词特征的词组：have (had,has)to,used to,have(had,has) better。 注意：情态动词本身没有人称和数的 变化，但是情态动词词组有些有人称和数 的变化。 vill/would shall/should need dare/dared 愿意 应该 需要 敢 I will do anything for our soldiers.我愿 意为我们的战士做任何事。（愿意） You should be responsible for yourself. 你应该对你自己负责。（应该） Need he do it all at once?他需要马上 做这件事吗？（需要） I'll support you if you dare do it..如果你 敢做，我就支持你。（敢） 2.上表中could,might,would,should 分别是can,may,wil,shall的过去式，它们 在表示各自的原形所具有的词义时，语气更 弱，显得更加委婉，它们的否定亦如此。如： They might have a lot of work to do now butI'm not sure..他们现在可能有很多事要 做，不过我不能肯定。（推测的语气更弱）》 零起点·英语 Could I see your license?我能否看看你 的证件？（委婉） Might I ask for a photograph of your baby?我可否要一张你宝宝的照片？ (委婉) Would you like me to carry it for you? 帮你拿这个好吗？（委婉) Would you please not sing so loudly? 能别唱这么大声吗？（委婉的否定） 3.情态动词的一些特殊用法 (1)can的否定cant表推测时意为“不 可能”，语气很强烈。如： He can't be in the classroom.他不可能 在教室里。 (2)must表示“一定，必须”时只能用 于肯定句，不能用于否定句和疑问句。因 为其否定形式mustn't表示“禁止”“千万不 要”。如： We mustn't move someone if he is badly hurt.如果一个人受了重伤，我们千万不要 挪动他。 (3)need作为情态动词，后面直接加动 词原形，无人称和数的变化，不受时态的影 响；need还可用作行为动词，与不定式连用 时，有人称和数的变化，并受时态的影 响。如： Does he need to know it?(Need he know it??)他需要知道这件事吗？ You don't need to do it yourself.(=You needn't do it yourself..)这事你不必亲自做。 The question needs to be discussed (=The question needs being discussed. 个问题需要讨论。 (4)dare作为情态动词，后面直接加动 48 词原形，无人称和数的变化，不受时态的 影响。主要用于疑问句、否定句及条件状语 从句中。如： Dare you go home alone?你敢一个人回 家吗？ She dare not say what she thinks..她不 敢说出她的想法。 No one dare speak of it..没有人敢谈这 件事。 但dare还可以作及物动词，跟不定 式，有人称和数的变化，并受时态的影响。 We must dare to act..我们要敢干。 I wonder how he dared to say such a thing..我奇怪他怎么敢说这样的话。 (5)shall作为情态动词，用在第一、三 人称作主语的疑问句中，表示“征求对方的 建议”；用在第二、三人称作主语的陈述句 中，表示说话者的“命令、警告、威胁、许 诺”等语气。如： A group of students are waiting to see you outside.Shall they come in?一群学生在 外面等着见你。他们可以进来吗？ Don't worry.You shall have the tickets for the games.不用担心，你们会有比赛的 票的。 4.情态动词表推测的用法 (1)一般用must（一定)，may(可能)， might/could(也许，或许)表示肯定的推 测。如： He must/may/might be at home now. 现在一定/可能/也许在家。 (2)can'/couldn't(不可能)，may not/, might not(可能不)可以用来表示否定的推 测。如： It can't/couldn't be Professor Wang.He has gone to America last month.那不可能是 王教授，他上个月去了美国。 (3)疑问句中可用can/could(能)表示 推测。如： Could he have finished his task?他能完 成任务吗？ 5.“情态动词+have+过去分词”结构 must have done过去一定做了某事； can't/couldn't have done过去不可能做 了某事； may/might have done过去可能做了 某事； needn't have done过去本来没有必要做 而做了某事； could have done过去本来能够做某事 而没有做； should/ought to have done过去本来应 该做某事而没有做； shouldn't/oughtn't to have done过去本 来不应该做而做了某事。 如： I didn't hear the telephone;I must have been asleep. He could have walked to the station;it is so near. He may not have finished the work. She might have caught a cold. The tree is dead.I should have given it more water. Tom ought not to have told me your secret. 6.常见的情态动词词组 第八章情态动词 be able to have to ought to used to had better would rather 能够 必须， 应该 过去 最好 宁愿 不得不 常常 常见的情态动词词组词义举例： No one is able to do it.没人能做这 件事。 We had to go home on foot..我们不得不 走回家。 You ought to start at once.你应该马上 开始。 I used to live in Nanjing,but now I live in Shanghai.我过去住在南京，但是现在住 在上海。 It is pretty cold.You'd better put on your coat.外面特别冷，你最好穿上外套。 You'd better not play with the dog.你最 好不要逗狗玩。 I would rather stay here than go home. 宁愿留在这里，也不愿意回家。 I would rather not tell you.我宁可不告 诉你。 7.两组情态动词词组的区别 (1)can(could)和be able to都可以表 示能力，但can只有现在式和过去式，而 be able to则有更多的形式。如： Will you be able to come tonight?你今 晚能来吗？（一般将来时） I'm sorry I haven't been able to answer your letter.对不起我一直没能给你回信。 (现在完成时) She said she had not been able to come earlier..她说她没有能够来得更早一些。 (过去完成时) (2)have to与must都表示“必须”“不 49 零起点·英语 得不”，但must表示的是说话人的主观看 法，而have to表示的却是客观需要。另 外，have to比must有更多的形式。如： I have to tidy my room.我得整理房间。 (一般现在时) That night we had to walk home because there was no bus..那天晚上我们不得不步行 回家，因为没有公共汽车。（一般过去时） We'll have to reconsider the whole thing 这一切我们将不得不重新考虑。（一般将 来时) (3)not have to表示没有必要。如： You don't have to buy a gift,but you can if you want to.你没有必要买礼物，但如果 你想买的话，你也可以买。 经典例题 1.You don't have to know the name of the author to find a book.You find the book by the title. 【答案】can(能够)》 2.-Excuse me.Is this the right way to the Summer Palace? -Sorry,I am not sure.But it be. 【答案】might/may(“I am not sure”说 明说话者对情况没有把握，推测语气较弱， 使用might/may） 3. you mind opening the window for me? 【答案】Would(句意：你介意帮我打开 窗户吗？) 4.(2015年北京卷)-Can't you stay a little longer? -It's getting late.I really 6% 50 now.My daughter is at home alone. 【答案】must(It's getting late..天黑了。 My daughter is at home alone..女儿一个人在 家。说话者去意明显，所以用must) 巩固练习 用适当的情态动词填空。 1.He was a good swimmer,so he swim to the riverbank when the boat sank. 2.John come to see us tonight,but he isn't very sure yet. 3.If you go,at least wait until the storm is over. 4.The children play football on the road. 5.t not seem like a big deal to you,yet you can make profits in the long run. 6.You have given him some advice.He was too upset at that time. 7.You worry about your son.He will get well soon. 8.Nowadays some young people go out of their homes to contact the real world,and that is a bad phenomenon. 9.You _come here on time,or you'll be fined next time. 10.When I was small,my mom read stories for me at night. 11.It was annoying;I get access to the data bank you had recommended. 12.It was so noisy that we not hear ourselves speak. 13.As the deadline is drawing near,no one leave with his own work un- completed. 14.-You needn't take an umbrella.It isn't going to rain. -Well,I don't know.It do. 15.The price on this packet is wrong.It be$2.50,not$3.50. 16.The routes turned out to be marked in red in the brochure.I have bothered learning the places by heart. 17.It be the postman at the door. It's only six o'clock. 第八章情态动词 18.Days later,my brother called to say he was all right,but say where he was. 19.If you have a cigarette,choose a seat in the first row of the smoking sec- tion. 20.You park here!It's an emer- gency exit. 21.Mark have hurried.After driving at top speed,he arrived half an hour early. 22.He is sad.You have told him the bad news. 51第六章动词的时态 第一节一般现在时、一般过去时、 一般将来时和过去将来时 巩固练习 1.will go/are going are about to go;doesn't rain 2.had3.spend;will be if引导的条件状语从句用一般现 在时表示将来，主句用一般将来时。4.didn't realize 5.lived6.leave此句中before引导一个时间状语从句，要 用一般现在时表将来，前往非洲这件事情还没发生。 7.takes/is taking8.travels表示客观事实、自然规律时用 一般现在时。9.would send/was going to send/had sent 第二节现在进行时、过去进行时、将来进行时 巩固练习 1.is coming此处是现在进行时表将来，表示按计划或安排 最近要进行的动作。2.are;holding3.was watching 4.is playing5.will be writing6.are climbing while引导的 时间状语从句用现在进行时。7.forgot;are;leaving答 语不是强调进行时态，而是说话者的一种态度。8.will be flying/am flying 第三节现在完成时、过去完成时、 将来完成时和现在完成进行时 巩固练习 1.saw 2.has left 3.have changed 4.have heard 5.has saved6.had played由句意所知是先弹钢琴弹了很多年， 然后开了音乐会，故表示过去的过去，用过去完成时。 7.have taken 8.had seen 9.have been looking 10.has been teaching到目前为止一直都在教汉语，现在还在教，故 用现在完成进行时。ll.has been studying;will have gradu- ated 12.will have prepared 第七章动词的语态 巩固练习 1.tastes2.are said be said to..意为“据说.”。3.was published 4.be taken 5.are required 6.will be built 7.belongs to8.is sent9.were treated此处表示“被款待”。 10.is being taken 11.sells;reading 12.had been noticed 13.will have been cleaned 14.are being hunted 第八章 情态动词 巩固练习 1.could/was able to 2.may/might 3.must 4.mustn't 5.might句意：对于你来说这似乎不像是一个大买卖，然而 从长远来看，你会获利。根据seem“似乎”推知“可能性 小”，所以填might。6.ought to/should7.needn't/don't have to 8.will not 9.must 10.would 11.couldn't 12.could 13.shall 14.might/may 15.should 16.needn't句意：结果是路线在小册子中用红色标了出来， 我根本没必要费心把地点记住。表示做了没必要做的事请 要用needn't have done,所以填needn't。I7.cant表示强 烈的否定推测，后面给出了理由。l8.wouldn't此处表示 意愿。19.must20.mustn't21.needn't22.shouldn't 第九章虚拟语气 巩固练习 1.had 2.had told由主句would have met可知，这是对过去的虚 拟，f从句的谓语用had done。 3.had had由定语从句可知，父亲在之前的足球赛中当记 者。此处wish的宾语从句中谓语用had done,是对过去的 虚拟，表达难以实现的愿望。 4.were句意：写信的语气要亲切，好像你和捐赠者在面对 面交谈。这里asf后要用一般过去时表示虚拟语气。 5.stayed句意：我们宁愿我们的女儿和我们待在家里，但是 那是她的选择，而且她不再是一个孩子了。would rather 后的宾语从句要采用虚拟语气，从s这个动词的使用看， 是与现在事实相反，则从句用一般过去时表示与现在事实 相反。 6.(should)take 7.had 8.would have visited 9.had driven 10.focused 11.had caught 12.Were 13.hadn't been caught句意：如果几天前他没有被抓到酒驾 的话，现在他就会坐在家里舒适的沙发上看电视了。根 据语境推知“他酒驾被抓了”，由此推知从句是与过去事 实相反的假设，所以用过去完成时。 14.have missed句意：要不是交通堵塞的话，我就不会错过面 试了。but for“要不是…的话”，句子表示对过去发生情况 的假设，所以用wouldn't have done 15.did/should do 16.was 17.Had句意：如果他们得知地震的消息的话，他们会做准备 的。表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，从句中应用过去完成 时，此处是省略f的倒装形式。 l8.had slept句意：我真希望我今天早晨能睡得再长一些， 但是我得起床来上学。wish后面的宾语从句用虚拟语 气。表示与过去事实相反用过去完成时。 19.had thought 20.(should)be sent 21.(should)be 22.had done 第十章定语从句 第一节关系代词和“介词+关系代词” 巩固练习 -1.who/that 2.which/that 3.whom/who/that 4.that/which 5.whose 6.whose 7.in which/where