第7章 动词的语态-【高考零起点】2026年新高考英语总复习（艺考）

零起点·英语 第七章 动词的语态 动句改成被动句时，主动句中的宾语变成 知识梳理 被动句的主语，谓语改成被动形式，主语 一、基本概念 可以改成“by+宾格形式”或是直接省略， 英语有两种语态：主动语态和被动语 其余成分不变。如： 态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者； We finished the task on time. 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，相当 主谓 宾 于中文中的“被”字句。试对比“主动语态： 我们按时完成了任务。 He breaks the window.”与“被动语态：The >The task was finished on time (by us). window is broken by him.”。 主 谓 宾 被动语态的构成：be+及物动词的过去 任务被（我们）按时完成了。 分词。be动词随着时态的变化而变化。主 二、各种时态的被动语态的构成 be的变化形式+ 时态 例句 及物动词的过去分词 般现在时 am/is/are done The student is asked to clean the classroom. 一般过去时 was/were done The task was finished yesterday. 一般将来时 will/shall be done The task will be finished in two months. 过去将来时 would be done She said that the task would be finished in time. 现在进行时 am/is/are being done The room is being cleaned now. 过去进行时 was/were being done The wall was being painted when I passed by 将来进行时 现在完成时 have/has been done The task has already been finished. 现在完成进行时 过去完成时 had been done The task had been finished before he came. 将来完成时 will/shall have been done The task will have been finished before 8 a.m.tomorrow. 注意：带有情态动词的被动语态的构 【翻译】他的妹妹在1998年离开家， 成：情态动词+be+过去分词。 自从那时起就再也没被听说过。 The task can be finished in time.这项任 His sister left home in 1998,and 务能及时完成。 since then. 44 第七章 动词的语态 【答案】has not been heard of 形式表被动。如： 三、主动形式表被动意义 This film is worth seeing twice..这部电 (1)某些系动词，如smel,taste,feel, 影值得看两遍。 sound,look,prove,stay等，用主动形式表 (5)need doing/need to be done.如： 达被动意义，表示主语的状态和特征。如： The watch needs repairing to be repaired. Cotton feels soft.棉摸起来很软。 这块手表需要修理。 【翻译】你为什么不把肉放在冰箱里 四、被动形式表示主动意义 呢？那样会保质好几天。 be seated坐着；be hidden躲藏；be lost Why don't you put the meat in the fridge? 迷路；be drunk喝醉；be dressed穿着；be It will fresh for several days lost in thought陷入沉思；be addicted to沉 【答案】stay 迷于；be buried in专注（心）；be used to习 (2)某些不及物动词（其主语大多为事 惯于；be married结婚。 物)可以表达被动意义，这些不及物动词有 五、没有被动形式的单词或词组 下列几种： take place,happen,break out,belong ①某些可以用来表示主语内在“品 to, have,own 质”或“性能”的不及物动词：shut,lock, 巩固练习 open,move,read,write,sell,wear,blow, wash,clean,burn,catch,draw,peel,cut, 用括号内动词的适当形式填空。 tear,dry等，并通常接easily,well, 1.This medicine （taste)terrible.I perfectly等副词，或者与cant,won't连 hate it. 用。如： 2.In Chinese culture,children born in the The door opens easily.这扇门很容 Year of the Ox (say)to be hard- 易开。 working. The pen writes well.这支笔很好写。 3.This book publish)in 1981. The door won't shut..这扇门关不了。 4.The baby should take)good ②表开始、运动、结束的动词：begin, care of by the babysitter. finish,start,open,close.,stop,run等。 5.Visitors (require)not to touch School begins at7:30a.m.学校上午7 the exhibits 点半开始上课。 6.It is reported that a space station (3)在“be+形容词+todo”中，不定式 (build)on the moon in years. 的逻辑宾语是句子的主语时，用主动形式 7.Tom keeps telling his students that the future 表被动。如： (belong)to the well-educated. English is hard to learn.英语很难学。 8.Secret codes（密码)keep messages (4)在be worth doing中，doing用主动 private.Banks,companies and government 零起点·英语 agencies use secret codes in doing 11.This book (sell)well and is well business,especially when information worth (read). (send)by computer. 12.The boy notice)stealing a 9.-Did you enjoy the party? bike by the police,so he was taken to the -Yes,we treat)well by our police station. hosts. 13.All the machines (clean)by 10.John,as well as the other children who the end of the following week have no parents, （take)good 14.These animals (hunt)at such a care of in the city now. high speed that they will disappear soon. 46第六章动词的时态 第一节一般现在时、一般过去时、 一般将来时和过去将来时 巩固练习 1.will go/are going are about to go;doesn't rain 2.had3.spend;will be if引导的条件状语从句用一般现 在时表示将来，主句用一般将来时。4.didn't realize 5.lived6.leave此句中before引导一个时间状语从句，要 用一般现在时表将来，前往非洲这件事情还没发生。 7.takes/is taking8.travels表示客观事实、自然规律时用 一般现在时。9.would send/was going to send/had sent 第二节现在进行时、过去进行时、将来进行时 巩固练习 1.is coming此处是现在进行时表将来，表示按计划或安排 最近要进行的动作。2.are;holding3.was watching 4.is playing5.will be writing6.are climbing while引导的 时间状语从句用现在进行时。7.forgot;are;leaving答 语不是强调进行时态，而是说话者的一种态度。8.will be flying/am flying 第三节现在完成时、过去完成时、 将来完成时和现在完成进行时 巩固练习 1.saw 2.has left 3.have changed 4.have heard 5.has saved6.had played由句意所知是先弹钢琴弹了很多年， 然后开了音乐会，故表示过去的过去，用过去完成时。 7.have taken 8.had seen 9.have been looking 10.has been teaching到目前为止一直都在教汉语，现在还在教，故 用现在完成进行时。ll.has been studying;will have gradu- ated 12.will have prepared 第七章动词的语态 巩固练习 1.tastes2.are said be said to..意为“据说.”。3.was published 4.be taken 5.are required 6.will be built 7.belongs to8.is sent9.were treated此处表示“被款待”。 10.is being taken 11.sells;reading 12.had been noticed 13.will have been cleaned 14.are being hunted 第八章 情态动词 巩固练习 1.could/was able to 2.may/might 3.must 4.mustn't 5.might句意：对于你来说这似乎不像是一个大买卖，然而 从长远来看，你会获利。根据seem“似乎”推知“可能性 小”，所以填might。6.ought to/should7.needn't/don't have to 8.will not 9.must 10.would 11.couldn't 12.could 13.shall 14.might/may 15.should 16.needn't句意：结果是路线在小册子中用红色标了出来， 我根本没必要费心把地点记住。表示做了没必要做的事请 要用needn't have done,所以填needn't。I7.cant表示强 烈的否定推测，后面给出了理由。l8.wouldn't此处表示 意愿。19.must20.mustn't21.needn't22.shouldn't 第九章虚拟语气 巩固练习 1.had 2.had told由主句would have met可知，这是对过去的虚 拟，f从句的谓语用had done。 3.had had由定语从句可知，父亲在之前的足球赛中当记 者。此处wish的宾语从句中谓语用had done,是对过去的 虚拟，表达难以实现的愿望。 4.were句意：写信的语气要亲切，好像你和捐赠者在面对 面交谈。这里asf后要用一般过去时表示虚拟语气。 5.stayed句意：我们宁愿我们的女儿和我们待在家里，但是 那是她的选择，而且她不再是一个孩子了。would rather 后的宾语从句要采用虚拟语气，从s这个动词的使用看， 是与现在事实相反，则从句用一般过去时表示与现在事实 相反。 6.(should)take 7.had 8.would have visited 9.had driven 10.focused 11.had caught 12.Were 13.hadn't been caught句意：如果几天前他没有被抓到酒驾 的话，现在他就会坐在家里舒适的沙发上看电视了。根 据语境推知“他酒驾被抓了”，由此推知从句是与过去事 实相反的假设，所以用过去完成时。 14.have missed句意：要不是交通堵塞的话，我就不会错过面 试了。but for“要不是…的话”，句子表示对过去发生情况 的假设，所以用wouldn't have done 15.did/should do 16.was 17.Had句意：如果他们得知地震的消息的话，他们会做准备 的。表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，从句中应用过去完成 时，此处是省略f的倒装形式。 l8.had slept句意：我真希望我今天早晨能睡得再长一些， 但是我得起床来上学。wish后面的宾语从句用虚拟语 气。表示与过去事实相反用过去完成时。 19.had thought 20.(should)be sent 21.(should)be 22.had done 第十章定语从句 第一节关系代词和“介词+关系代词” 巩固练习 -1.who/that 2.which/that 3.whom/who/that 4.that/which 5.whose 6.whose 7.in which/where