第5章 形容词和副词-【高考零起点】2026年新高考英语总复习（艺考）

零起点·英语 第五章 形 知识梳理 一、形容词和副词的作用与位置 ①形容词+名词： beautiful girl ②不定代词+形容词： A.形容词 something interesting ③be动词+形容词： He is tall. ①动词+副词：walk slowly ②副词+形容词：very clever B.副词 ③副词+副词：very well ④副词+句子：Finally,I. 形容词是用来修饰名词的，常放在名 词前作定语，或放在系动词后作表语。副 词则用来修饰形容词、动词、其他副词或者 句子，一般位于形容词之前、动词之后或句 首。以下几种属于特殊情况，须牢记： 1.形容词用作定语，修饰复合不定代 词，如anything,something等时，通常后置。 I have something important to tell you. 2.else常用作疑问代词和不定代词的 后置定语。 Who else will go to the meeting? Would you like something else to drink? 3.enough修饰名词时前置或后置，修 饰形容词、动词或副词时，必须后置。 There are enough seats(seats enough) for them all. He walks slowly enough. 4.几个副词并列作状语时，其顺序较 32 容词和副词 灵活，但一般是：方式→地点→时间。 I go to school by bus at 8:30 every day. We had a good time together outdoors last Sunday. 5.频度副词如often,always,usually等 放在be动词后、行为动词前。 She always goes shopping with her friends at weekends but I am usually at home. 6.副词作定语要后置。 The person there is waiting for you. 7.以1y结尾的词的词性辨析。 (1)下列单词以y结尾，但却是形容 词而非副词：lively,lonely,lovely,deadly, friendly,ugly,silly,likely,brotherly, timely等。 (2)表原意（无ly)和引申义（有y)的 副词： deep深地 deeply深入地 wide宽广地 widely广泛地 high高地 highly高度地 (3)有无y意义大不相同的副词： dead完全，绝对be dead asleep deadly非常be deadly tired pretty相当be pretty certain that... prettily漂亮地be prettily dressed close近地Don't sit close.. closely密切地Watch closely！ late晚，迟arrive late,come late lately最近I haven't seen him lately (recently) 二、形容词和副词的比较等级 1.原级的构成和用法 构成：形容词、副词的原级即本身。 用法：表示双方在程度、性质、特征等某 方面相等时，用“as+形容词/副词原级+as” 的结构，意为“跟…一样…”；表示双方 不相等时，用“not so(as)+形容词/副词原 级+as”的结构，意为“不如…一样…”； 表示一方是另一方的若干倍时，用“倍数+ as+形容词/副词原级+as”的结构。 Xiao Wang is as tall as Xiao Yu. This building doesn't look so(as)high as that one. Miss Xu speaks English as fluently as you This room is three times as large as that one 2.比较级和最高级的构成 规则形容词、副词的比较级和最高级 的构成： 构成法 原级 比较级 最高级 ①一般单音节词末尾加 strong stronger strongest er和est ②单音节词如果以e结 strange 尾，只加r和st stranger strangest ③重读闭音节的单音节 sad sadder saddest 词如末尾只有一个辅音 big 字母，须先双写这个辅音 bigger biggest hot hotter hottest 字母，再加er和est 第五章形容词和副词 续表 构成法 原级 比较级 最高级 ④少数以y,er(或ure), ow,ble结尾的双音节词， clever cleverer 末尾加er和est(以y结尾 cleverest narrow narrower narrowest 的词，如y前是辅音字 noble nobler noblest 母，把y变成i,再加er 和est,以e结尾的词仍 angry angrier angriest 加r和st) ⑤其他双音节和多音节 more most 词都在前面加单词more difficult difficult difficult 和most ⑥以后缀y结尾的副词， 在副词原级前面加more more most quickly quickly quickly 和most 不规则形容词、副词的比较级和最高 级形式： 原级 比较级 最高级 good/well better best bad/ill/badly worse worst many/much more most little less least far farther/further farthest/furthest 3.比较级的用法 (1)表示一方超过另一方时，用“比较 级+than”的结构表示。 This picture is more beautiful than that one. (2)表示一方不及另一方时，用“1ess+ 原级+than”的结构表示。 This room is less beautiful than that one. (3)表示一方超过另一方的程度或数 量时，可在比较级前加表示程度的状语， even,a lot,a bit,a little,still,much, far,yet,by far等修饰。 He works even harder than before. (4)表示一方随另一方的程度而变化 33 零起点·英语 时，用“the+比较级（主语+谓语），the+比 较级（主语+谓语）”的结构，意为“越… 越”。 The harder he works,the happier he feels. (5)不与其他事物相比，表示本身程 度的改变时，用“比较级+and+比较级”的 结构，意为“越来越…”。 The weather is getting colder and colder (6)某些以ior结尾的形容词进行比较 时，用to代替than。这些词有inferior (劣等的，次的)，superior（较好的，优 于…)，junior(资历较浅的)，senior(资 格较老的)，pior(在.…之前)等。 He is superior to Mr.Zhang in chemistry. (7)在比较从句中为了避免重复，我 们通常用that(those),one(ones)代替前面 出现的名词。that指物，one既可指人又可 指物。that可代替可数名词单数和不可数 名词，而one只能代替可数名词单数。 The book on the table is more interesting than that(the one)on the desk. A box made of steel is stronger than one made of wood. (8)倍数表达法。 1A is three(four,etc.)times the size (height,length,etc.)of B. The new building is four times the size (the height)of the old one. ②A is three(four,etc.）times as big (high,long,etc.)as B. That building is four times as large as our library. ③A is three(four,etc.）times bigger (higher,longer,etc.)than B. 34 Your school is three times bigger than ours. 用times表倍数时通常用于三倍及三 倍以上，两倍可以用twice或double。 4.最高级的用法 (1)三者或三者以上相比，表示最高 程度时，用“the+最高级”的结构表示。这 种句式一般常有表示比较范围的介词 短语。 Zhang Hua is the tallest of the three. He works (the)hardest in his class. (2)表示“最高程度”的形容词，如ex cellent,.extreme,perfect等，没有最高级， 也没有比较级。 (3)作状语的副词最高级前可以不加 定冠词。 Of all the boys he came (the)earliest. (4)否定词+比较级=最高级 He has never spent a more worrying day. I have never seen a more beautiful flower.=This flower is the most beautiful. 5.形容词和副词前面使用冠词的情况 (1)形容词最高级前一般要加定冠词， 副词最高级前可不加定冠词。 (2)形容词最高级前有时加不定冠词， 或不加冠词，不表比较，表示“非常”。 He is a most clever young policeman.(a most=very) The film is most interesting.most=very) (3)表示两者间“较…的一个”，比 较级前加the。 Who is the older of the two boys? (4)“the+比较级.，the+比较级.”表 示“越…，越”。 The more,the better.越多越好。 (5)so.that.与such..that..的区别。 so+形容词/副词+that.… so+形容词+a(n)+单数可数名词+that., so+many/few+复数名词+that.. so+much/little(少)+不可数名词+that.. such+a(n)+形容词+单数可数名词+that. such+形容词+不可数名词+that.. such+形容词+复数名词+that.. 注意：下列结构中只能用$0，不可用 such:当名词前有many,much,little,few 等表示“多、少”的词修饰时，如s0much progress,so many people,so little food,so few apples等。但当little表示“小”时用 such。如：These are such little boys that they can't dress themselves..下列so的用法是错 误的：so a difficult problem,so difficult problems,so hot weather. 经典例题 1.The girl sings very (beautiful) 【答案】beautiful;beautifully 【解析】考查形容词和副词。句意：那 个漂亮的女孩唱得很好听。根据句子中所 充当的成分可知，第一空修饰名词gil,缺 定语，故用形容词；第二空修饰动词sing,缺 状语，故用副词。 2. final),you need to find other ways to earn extra money to pay for your college fees. 【答案】Finally 【解析】考查副词。句意：最后，你需 要找到其他方法赚取额外的钱来支付你的 大学学费。结合句意可知，此处修饰后面 第五章形容词和副词 整个句子，故用副词finally。 3.Of the two cameras,I would prefer the (small)one,which is very easy for me to carry. 【答案】smaller 【解析】考查形容词的比较级。句意： 在这两个相机中，我更喜欢小，点儿的那个， 它对我来说更容易携带。根据Of the two cameras和prefer可知，此处应用比较级，故 填smallero 4.The new stadium being built for the next Asian Games will be the present one..为迎接下一届亚运会而正在修 建的体育场将是现在的三倍大。（as.as) 【答案】three times as big as 【解析】考查倍数表达法。根据给出的 结构及句意可知，几倍大的表达为“倍数+ asas”。 5.Of all living things,human beings are the (clever). 【答案】cleverest/most clever 【解析】考查形容词的最高级。句意： 在所有的生物中，人类是最聪明的。根据 Of all living things可知，此处应用最高级， 故填cleverest/most clever. 巩固练习 一、用形容词的适当形式填空。 1.Bob is young)than Fred but (tall)than Fred. 2.Ying Tian is not as (tall)as Yong Xian. 3.Almost all the students'faces are the same, but Li Deming looks (fat)than 35 零起点·英语 before after the holidays. 4.Which is (heavy),a hen or a chicken? 5.He is bad)at learning math. He is much bad)at Chinese and he is the (bad)at English. 6.Annie says Sally is the (kind) person in the world. 7.A dictionary is much (expensive) than a storybook. 8.I can (hard)control my feelings at the moment.The movie reminds me of my childhood. 9.An orange is a little (big）than an apple,but much small) than a watermelon. 10.The Changjiang River is the (long）river in China, 11.Sue is a little （beautiful)than her sister. 12.一How difficult is physics？ -I'm not sure. -Is it difficult)than math? -I don't think so. 36 13.Annie plays the piano very (well).Sue plays it (well)than Annie.And Sally plays it (well). 14. fortunate),we got home before it was totally dark. 15.I think it's too expensive.I'd like a (cheap)one. 16.He comes to school much (early）than I. 17.The weather in the city is par- ticular)pleasant at this time of a year. 18.Your classroom is (wide)and bright)than ours. 19.-Wang Lin did (good)in the final exam this term again. -That's not strange.He always gets full marks in all of his subjects. 20.-Paul,Which do you prefer,weekdays or weekends? -Weekdays,of course.I'm much (busy)on weekends.参考答案 14.confidence 15.inventions 16.responsibility 第一章 高中英语入门训练 17.commitment 1.failure 2.patience 3.awareness 4.pollution 第一节句子成分 5.contributions 6.suggestion 7.introduction 巩固练习 8.ability 9.warmth 10.beauty 11.equipment 一、1.The dish smells good. 12.abundance 13.impression 14.strength 主系表 15.reference 16.competence 17.recognition 2.My deskmate,Mary,needs a pen now 定 主同谓宾状 第三章冠词 3.You can use the books on the desk. 主谓 宾 定 4.They go boating in the lake on Sundays. 巩固练习 主谓状 状 1.an;the2.an3.a;an4.an抽象名词具体化，an honor 5.The teacher asked the students 意为“一件光荣的事”。5a抽象名词具体化。6.he;a 主一谓宾 to close the windows. 7./;the季节前通常不用冠词，但表特指时要用。 宾补 8.The;a9.the序数词前加定冠词he。l0.a;he 6.My mother bought me a bike. 11.the 12.a;the 定主谓间宾直宾 7.She was reading a novel 主谓 宾 第四章 代词 when the teacher came in. 状 巩固练习 1.feels 2.seems 3.sounds 4.turn 5.tastes 6.turned L.himself2.ourselves believe oneself意为“相信自我”。 7.become/get 8.got 9.keep/stay 10.remains 3.theirs4.That5.this6.itit作形式宾语，真正宾语是 第二节句子的分类和强调句型 that从句。7.业空格为“itis+强调部分+hat”的强调句型 巩固练习 的用法。8.those用those作定语从句的先行词，替代前面 -1.and 2.but 3.because 4.or 5.but 6.so 7.or 的students,避免重复。9.Either 10.neither1l.the 8.and other 12.others/the others 13.it 14.something 15.its 二、1.A2.B3.C4.C 形容词性物主代词。16.Both17.it18.mine19.them- selves20.hers21.Yours充当主语的只能是名词，所以该 第三节构词法 处填your的名词性物主代词。22.it此处it用作形式宾 巩固练习 语。23.the other24.neither25.it26.Nobody 1.unable 2.uncommon 3.unhappy 4.irregular 27.nothing28.another句意：回收是保护环境的一种方式， 5.possible 6.unfriendly 7.unhappy;uncomfortable 循环利用是另一种。29.one30.mine;Tom's名词+of+名 8.unsafe 9.unhealthy 10.uncomfortable 词所有格/名词性物主代词。31.that用that指代上文提及 11.impolite 12.careless 13.unfriendly 的population。32.herself33.Al 14.unfriendly 15.unfair 16.unlucky 17.uncomfortable 18.impossible 19.dishonest 第五章形容词和副词 20.impatient 21.endless 巩固练习 第二章 名词 1.younger;taller 2.tall 3.fatter 4.heavier 5.bad; worse;worst 6.kindest 7.more expensive 8.hardly 巩固练习 9.bigger;smaller 10.longest 11.more beautiful 12.more -1.performance 2.scientist 3.attraction 4.education difficult13.well;better;(the)best14.Fortunately副词用 5.advice 6.competition 7.studies 8.crowds 9.youth 来修饰整个句子。15.cheaper 16.earlier 17.particularly 10.invitations 11.curiosity 12.growth 13.weight 18.wider;brighter 19.(the)best 20.busier 91