第1章 第2节 句子的分类和强调句型-【高考零起点】2026年新高考英语总复习（艺考）

零起点·英语 第二节 句子的 知识梳理 在英语中，根据句子结构的不同，句子 可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。 一、简单句 1.只包含一个主谓结构并且句子各成 分都是只由单词或短语构成的句子称为简 单句。 2.简单句的五种基本句型如下： (1)主语一谓语(S一V)。如： It is raining all the time.雨一直在下。 She hasn't arrived by now.她到现在都 还没有到。 He stopped to drink after half an hour's running.他跑了半小时后停下来喝水。 (2)主语一谓语一宾语（S一V 0)。如： I sang a song..我唱了支歌。 I want to see the sea.我想看海。 She saw herself in the mirror.她在镜子 里看到了她自己。 Last weekend our class organized a social practice activity.上周末，我们班级组织了一 次社会实践活动。 I visited many places of interest with my family last week.上周，我和我的家人参观了 许多名胜古迹。 She practices her oral English every morning.她每天早上都练习英语口语。 (3)主语一系动词一表语(S一V P)。如： 分类和强调句型 She is a beautiful girl..她是一个漂亮的 女孩。 His wish is to become a pilot.他的愿望 是成为一个飞行员。 With spring coming,the weather becomes warmer and warmer..春天来了，天气变得越来 越暖和。 The problem still keeps difficult.这个问 题仍然很难。 (4)主语一谓语一间接宾语（人）一直 接宾语（物）(S一V一IO一D0)。如： He gave her a book.他给了她一本书。 Online courses gave us a chance to study at home.线上课程给我们提供了一个在家 学习的机会。 Modern technology brings us convenience and comfort in life.现代技术在生活中给我 们带来了方便和舒适。 上述下划线部分为间接宾语，波浪线 部分为直接宾语。 (5)主语一谓语一宾语一宾补(S V-0-C)。 I don't want anyone to cheat me..我不想 任何人欺骗我。 For some reason,she made this company the first choice. 出于某种原因，她把这家公司作为 首选。 I can see one leaf falling.我能看到一片 树叶正在下落。 上述下划线部分为宾语补足语。 二、并列句 1.由两个或两个以上的简单句用并列 连词连在一起的句子称为并列句。并列连 词之前可用逗号，也可不用逗号。 2.常用的并列连词有and,but,or,so, yet,while等。并列句中的各简单句意义同 等重要，相互之间没有从属关系，是平行并 列关系。 DHe likes playing football and he plays well.他喜欢踢足球，并且踢得很好。 ②It has no mouth,but it can talk.它没 有嘴巴，但是它会说话。 3Now you can have a rest or you can go to the cinema.现在你可以去休息或者去看电影。 4You must tell the truth or you will be punished.你必须说实话，否则会被惩罚。 5The worker hunted for jobs in New York for months,yet he couldn't find any wok.这个工人在纽约找工作已有几个月 之久，但是仍然没有找到。 Some people waste food,while others haven't got enough.有些人浪费粮食，而有些 人吃不饱。 但是有时为了使句子清晰明了，后面 部分往往省略跟前面相同的主语，而只连 接词或词组。 I like dancing and singing.我喜欢跳舞 和唱歌。 I like action movies but don't like thrillers.我喜欢动作电影，但是不喜欢惊悚 电影。 You can stay at home,or go fishing with us.你可以待在家里，或者跟我们一起去 钓鱼。 第一章高中英语入门训练 三、复合句 由一个主句和一个或者一个以上的从 句构成的句子叫做复合句。在复合句中，主 句和从句不是平行并列的关系，而是主从关 系。复合句包括含有定语从句、名词性从句 和状语从句的主从复合句，本书将在第十至 十二章依次讲述，本节不再赘述。 四、强调句型 “Itis+被强调部分+that..”是英语中 用得最多的一种强调句型，“被强调部分” 可以是主语、宾语或状语。强调的主语如 果是人，that可以与who互换。例如，对于 句子“I bought this car in that shop last month..”,如果将其中的主语、宾语和状语分 别进行强调，可变换成以下句式： It was I who/that bought this car in that shop last month.(强调主语) It was this car that I bought in that shop last month.（强调宾语) It was in that shop that I bought this car last month.（强调地点状语) It was last month that I bought this car in that shop.(强调时间状语) 强调句型的一个重要特征是如果将t is和that从句子中去掉，剩下的部分仍是一 个完整的句子（第二个句子较为特殊，去掉 强调结构后，将宾语还原。句子结构也完 整，句中不缺少成分)。 各级考试中，强调句型常隐藏于疑问 句中，我们要善于辨析。如下列疑问句都 隐藏了强调句型： Is it Tom who answered the telephone? 是汤姆接的电话吗？ Was it your brother that you met in Bei- 零起点·英语 jing？你在北京遇见的是你的兄弟吗？ Is it from advertising that a newspaper earns a lot of its profits?报纸获利很多的部 分是在于广告收入吗？ 一When was it that he got married?他是 什么时候结婚的？ -0n0 ctober1st.10月1日。 -Where was it that you saw her cellphone yesterday?昨天你是在哪里看到 她的手机的？ 一In the drawer..在抽屉里。 前三句是一般疑问句，恢复为陈述句 便很容易看出使用了强调句型。后两组对 话相当于对“It was on October 1st that he got married.”和“It was in the drawer that I saw her cellphone yesterday.”两个句子进行提问 与回答。 “Itis+被强调部分+that..”强调句型 不能用来强调谓语，如果要强调谓语，可以 在谓语前加助动词do来进行强调（其中do 有一般现在时和一般过去时之分)。如： I do hope you'll stay for lunch.我真的希 望你能留下来吃午饭。 He does look tired.他确实显得很疲倦。 He did come but soon went back.他的 确来过，但很快就回去了。 She did write to say thank you.她的确 写信向你道谢了。 巩固练习 一、用and,but,or,so,because填空。 1.Open the door let the cool air in. 6 2.There are few new words in the article, we still couldn't understand it. 3.We finished the homework quickly it was very easy 4.Be more careful, you'll have an accident. 5.Claire wanted to buy a car, she didn't have enough money. 6.He's always very careful, he never makes any mistakes. 7.Take a raincoat with you, you'll get wet. 8.The bell is ringing the lesson is over. 二、选择。 1.It was in our village she's the first college student. A.that B.where C.when D.which 2.t Madame Curie and his husband Pierre who discovered radium. A.is B.was C.are D.were 3.Who was it saved the drowning girl? A.since B.as C.that D.he 4.What is it his daughter and son need most? A.what B.which C.that D.if参考答案 14.confidence 15.inventions 16.responsibility 第一章 高中英语入门训练 17.commitment 1.failure 2.patience 3.awareness 4.pollution 第一节句子成分 5.contributions 6.suggestion 7.introduction 巩固练习 8.ability 9.warmth 10.beauty 11.equipment 一、1.The dish smells good. 12.abundance 13.impression 14.strength 主系表 15.reference 16.competence 17.recognition 2.My deskmate,Mary,needs a pen now 定 主同谓宾状 第三章冠词 3.You can use the books on the desk. 主谓 宾 定 4.They go boating in the lake on Sundays. 巩固练习 主谓状 状 1.an;the2.an3.a;an4.an抽象名词具体化，an honor 5.The teacher asked the students 意为“一件光荣的事”。5a抽象名词具体化。6.he;a 主一谓宾 to close the windows. 7./;the季节前通常不用冠词，但表特指时要用。 宾补 8.The;a9.the序数词前加定冠词he。l0.a;he 6.My mother bought me a bike. 11.the 12.a;the 定主谓间宾直宾 7.She was reading a novel 主谓 宾 第四章 代词 when the teacher came in. 状 巩固练习 1.feels 2.seems 3.sounds 4.turn 5.tastes 6.turned L.himself2.ourselves believe oneself意为“相信自我”。 7.become/get 8.got 9.keep/stay 10.remains 3.theirs4.That5.this6.itit作形式宾语，真正宾语是 第二节句子的分类和强调句型 that从句。7.业空格为“itis+强调部分+hat”的强调句型 巩固练习 的用法。8.those用those作定语从句的先行词，替代前面 -1.and 2.but 3.because 4.or 5.but 6.so 7.or 的students,避免重复。9.Either 10.neither1l.the 8.and other 12.others/the others 13.it 14.something 15.its 二、1.A2.B3.C4.C 形容词性物主代词。16.Both17.it18.mine19.them- selves20.hers21.Yours充当主语的只能是名词，所以该 第三节构词法 处填your的名词性物主代词。22.it此处it用作形式宾 巩固练习 语。23.the other24.neither25.it26.Nobody 1.unable 2.uncommon 3.unhappy 4.irregular 27.nothing28.another句意：回收是保护环境的一种方式， 5.possible 6.unfriendly 7.unhappy;uncomfortable 循环利用是另一种。29.one30.mine;Tom's名词+of+名 8.unsafe 9.unhealthy 10.uncomfortable 词所有格/名词性物主代词。31.that用that指代上文提及 11.impolite 12.careless 13.unfriendly 的population。32.herself33.Al 14.unfriendly 15.unfair 16.unlucky 17.uncomfortable 18.impossible 19.dishonest 第五章形容词和副词 20.impatient 21.endless 巩固练习 第二章 名词 1.younger;taller 2.tall 3.fatter 4.heavier 5.bad; worse;worst 6.kindest 7.more expensive 8.hardly 巩固练习 9.bigger;smaller 10.longest 11.more beautiful 12.more -1.performance 2.scientist 3.attraction 4.education difficult13.well;better;(the)best14.Fortunately副词用 5.advice 6.competition 7.studies 8.crowds 9.youth 来修饰整个句子。15.cheaper 16.earlier 17.particularly 10.invitations 11.curiosity 12.growth 13.weight 18.wider;brighter 19.(the)best 20.busier 91