内容正文:
第一章高中英语入门训练
第一章高中英语入门训练
第一节句子成分
知识梳理
1.句子成分的有关概念见下表
成分
概念
举例
备注
是句子陈述或说明的对象,常
主语
常是句中动作或行为的执行
者、发出者,一般在句首。
①所有介词后面均要接名
是主语进行的动作或所处的状
词或代词作介词的宾语,介
谓语
态,由动词或动词词组充当。
1.Tom bought an interesting book yesterday.
主谓
名
宾
¥
词与宾语构成介宾短语,在
是动作的承受对象或介词的支
2.Our English teacher Mr.Smith is very young.
整个句子中可作状语、定
宾语
配对象,一般放在动词或介词
定定
同系状表
的后面。
3.I will meet you in my home.
语、表语、补语等成分(如
主谓宾状
例3、4、8、9)
限定和修饰人或事物,汉语译
4.The girl under the tree is Kate.
定语
成“…的”,用来修饰名词或
主
定
系表
②形容词、副词、名词、不
代词。
5.We will make them happy.
主谓宾宾补
定式、介宾短语(以及后面
用来修饰动词、形容词、副词6.Light travels most quickly.
要讲到的分词)都可作宾补
或整个句子。通常表示时间、
主谓
状
状语
地点、原因、目的、结果、条7.His father named him Dongming.
(如例5、7、8、9);
件、方式、程度、让步、伴
定主谓宾宾补
③有些句子有两个宾语,
随等。
8.They asked me to go fishing with them
主谓宾宾补
状
个指人,一个指物。在这种
对主语和宾语作补充说明,最
补语
9.He saw a pen in the box.
常见的是宾语补足语。
主谓宾宾补
情况下,由于谓语动词的直
位于系动词之后,用来说明主
10.He gives me a book.
接作用对象实际为物,所以
表语
语的身份、特征、性质和
主谓间宾直宾
状况。
物为直接宾语,人为间接宾
一个名词对另一个名词或代词
语(如例10)。
同位语
进行修饰,指代同一个人或同
一事物。
2.与句子成分有关的动词种类
①能直接接宾语的动词称为及物动词
(1)及物动词(t.)和不及物动词((.)
(即能及至物,能与物直接接触),不能直接
零起点·英语
接宾语的动词称为不及物动词(即不能及
He is looking at the picture.他正在看这
至物,不能与物直接接触)。如:
幅画。
My mother gave me a new pen.我妈妈
We will arrive at the airport at 9:00.
给了我一支新的钢笔。
们将在9点到达机场。
I love my home.我爱我家。
The boy goes to school by bus.这个男孩
It is raining hard.正在下大雨。
坐公交车上学。
Class began at half past seven.7:30
They fell in love with each other.他们爱
始上课。
上了彼此。
上述句子中,画横线的动词为及物动
②由于不及物动词不能接宾语,所以
词,画波浪线的动词为不及物动词。常见
不及物动词都没有被动语态。如上述例句
的及物动词还有:buy,ask,reach,like,
使用如下说法则是错误的:
find,forget,make,take,tell,receive,see,
They were fallen in love with each other.
say,select,suppose,.show,catch等;常见
(2)系动词
的不及物动词还有:live,agree,go,work,
①谓语是“主语进行的动作或所处的
listen,look,come,die,belong,fall,exist,
状态”,其中“主语进行的动作”由谓语动词
rise,arrive,sit,hurry,fail,succeed,hap-
充当,而主语“所处的状态”由系动词充当。
pen,swim,jump等。
系动词并不是谓语动词,主系表结构里的
如果根据句意,需要在不及物动词后面
系动词相当于主谓宾结构里的谓语动词,
接宾语,则需要介词的辅助才能这样做。如:
前者的表语也就相当于后者的宾语。
常见系动词
种类
单词举例
句子举例
be动词
am、is、are及其各种形式
He is a teacher.
smell
闻起来
This flower smells very sweet.
sound
听起来
The music sounds very pleasing to the ear.
表感官的动词
taste
尝起来
The meat tastes delicious.
feel
摸起来
This kind of cloth feels very soft.
look
看起来
He looks tired.
She became a famous writer.
She grew rich within a short time.
表变化的动词
become,grow,turn,get
In autumn the leaves turn yellow.
It's getting cold.
第一章高中英语入门训练
续表
种类
单词举例
句子举例
He seems very sad.
表似乎的动词
seem,appear
He appears happy.
Please keep quiet.
表保持状态的动词
keep,remain,stay
He always remained silent at the meeting.
He never stays angry for long.
②系动词无进行时、无被动语态。
二、用适当的系动词填空。
巩固练习
1.Wood
hard.
一、分析下列句子的成分。
2.The exercise
easy,but in fact
1.The dish smells good.
it's very hard.
3.Don't you think the music of the song
2.My deskmate,Mary,needs a pen now.
beautiful?
4.
Most leaves begin to
yellow
3.You can use the books on the desk.
in autumn.
5.The fish
good;the children like
4.They go boating in the lake on Sundays
it very much.
6.The girl's face
red when she
5.The teacher asked the students to close
heard his words.
the windows
7.It's true that parents
old when
children grow up.
6.My mother bought me a bike.
8.When he played basketball yesterday,he
hurt.
7.She was reading a novel when the teacher
9.You must
healthy.
came in.
10.Country music today
much the
same as before.参考答案
14.confidence 15.inventions 16.responsibility
第一章
高中英语入门训练
17.commitment
1.failure 2.patience 3.awareness 4.pollution
第一节句子成分
5.contributions 6.suggestion 7.introduction
巩固练习
8.ability 9.warmth 10.beauty 11.equipment
一、1.The dish smells good.
12.abundance 13.impression 14.strength
主系表
15.reference 16.competence 17.recognition
2.My deskmate,Mary,needs a pen now
定
主同谓宾状
第三章冠词
3.You can use the books on the desk.
主谓
宾
定
4.They go boating in the lake on Sundays.
巩固练习
主谓状
状
1.an;the2.an3.a;an4.an抽象名词具体化,an honor
5.The teacher asked the students
意为“一件光荣的事”。5a抽象名词具体化。6.he;a
主一谓宾
to close the windows.
7./;the季节前通常不用冠词,但表特指时要用。
宾补
8.The;a9.the序数词前加定冠词he。l0.a;he
6.My mother bought me a bike.
11.the 12.a;the
定主谓间宾直宾
7.She was reading a novel
主谓
宾
第四章
代词
when the teacher came in.
状
巩固练习
1.feels 2.seems 3.sounds 4.turn 5.tastes 6.turned
L.himself2.ourselves believe oneself意为“相信自我”。
7.become/get 8.got 9.keep/stay 10.remains
3.theirs4.That5.this6.itit作形式宾语,真正宾语是
第二节句子的分类和强调句型
that从句。7.业空格为“itis+强调部分+hat”的强调句型
巩固练习
的用法。8.those用those作定语从句的先行词,替代前面
-1.and 2.but 3.because 4.or 5.but 6.so 7.or
的students,避免重复。9.Either 10.neither1l.the
8.and
other 12.others/the others 13.it 14.something 15.its
二、1.A2.B3.C4.C
形容词性物主代词。16.Both17.it18.mine19.them-
selves20.hers21.Yours充当主语的只能是名词,所以该
第三节构词法
处填your的名词性物主代词。22.it此处it用作形式宾
巩固练习
语。23.the other24.neither25.it26.Nobody
1.unable 2.uncommon 3.unhappy 4.irregular
27.nothing28.another句意:回收是保护环境的一种方式,
5.possible 6.unfriendly 7.unhappy;uncomfortable
循环利用是另一种。29.one30.mine;Tom's名词+of+名
8.unsafe 9.unhealthy 10.uncomfortable
词所有格/名词性物主代词。31.that用that指代上文提及
11.impolite 12.careless 13.unfriendly
的population。32.herself33.Al
14.unfriendly 15.unfair 16.unlucky
17.uncomfortable 18.impossible 19.dishonest
第五章形容词和副词
20.impatient 21.endless
巩固练习
第二章
名词
1.younger;taller 2.tall 3.fatter 4.heavier 5.bad;
worse;worst 6.kindest 7.more expensive 8.hardly
巩固练习
9.bigger;smaller 10.longest 11.more beautiful 12.more
-1.performance 2.scientist 3.attraction 4.education
difficult13.well;better;(the)best14.Fortunately副词用
5.advice 6.competition 7.studies 8.crowds 9.youth
来修饰整个句子。15.cheaper 16.earlier 17.particularly
10.invitations 11.curiosity 12.growth 13.weight
18.wider;brighter 19.(the)best 20.busier
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