Unit 4 Grammar 课件2025-2026学年译林版英语八年级下册

该初中英语课件聚焦“疑问词+动词不定式”结构及“must/have to”用法，通过“语法寻宝游戏”导入，学生分组找疑问词卡片结合情境造句，再从例句中总结结构规律，进而分作动词宾语、形容词后接等用法分类讲解，搭建从实践到理论的学习支架。 其亮点在于以游戏化活动激活课堂，通过对话填空、疑问句转换等练习提升语言运用能力，小组制定阅读计划任务培养思维品质与合作学习能力。实例丰富且贴近阅读主题，助力学生掌握语法并用于表达阅读偏好，为教师提供多样化教学活动与分层作业设计，提升教学效率。

A good read Unit 4 grammar By the end of this lesson, we will be able to： 1. understand the "question words+to-infinitives” structure, as well as the usages of “must” and “have to”; 2. use the structure correctly in speaking and writing; 3. talk about reading preferences using the new grammar. Learning Objectives 同学们，我们的语法寻宝游戏现在开始！全班分为六组。教室周围藏着疑问词卡片，每组需要找到一张，并抽取一张情境卡。你们有3分钟时间，用抽到的词和情境造一个正确的句子。 1.Find question word cards around the classroom 2.Pick a situation card for your group 3.Make a sentence using your question word + to-infinitive Example: Situation: Plan a reading week Question Word: what Your Sentence: We are discussing what to read. Grammar Treasure Hunt Look at these sentences and from our game! What can you find? • Millie has decided what to read. • We are discussing what to read. • Simon forgot when to return the books. • Sandy is wondering where to find a travel book. What is the same in these sentences? what to read what to read when to return where to find question words +to-infinitives Let's read and find! How do we use it? 1.作动词宾语 我们可以用“疑问词+动词不定式”结构充当动词的宾语。疑问词包括疑问代词what、which、who等和疑问副词how、when,where。 常和“疑问词+动词不定式”结构连用的动词及动词短语有：know、learn、see、hear、ask、tell、advise、decide、explain、forget、remember、think、understand、wonder、find out等。 Verb+question word+to-infinitive Example:I do not know what to say next.我不知道接下来说什么。 I cannot decide which to take.我不能决定该拿哪一个。 How do we use it? 1.作动词宾语 有些动词，如advise、ask、show、teach、tell等，其后可以接双宾语。 Verb+object+question word+to-infinitive Example:Please tell me how to get there.请告诉我怎么去那儿。 Sandy showed Millie how to use the VR glasses.桑迪给米莉演示了如何使用VR眼镜。 How do we use it? 2.疑问词后接名词 有些疑问词，如what, which, whose, how many, how much等，其后可以先接一个名词，再接动词不定式。 Verb+question word+noun +to-infinitive Example:She wondered how many subjects to choose. 她不知道该选几门课。 How do we use it? 3.形容词后接疑问词+动词不定式 在"疑问词+动词不定式"结构前，有时也可以是如sure, certain等形容词。 Adjective +question word+to-infinitive Example:I am not sure which way to take. 我不确定走哪条路。 How do we use it? 4.作主语和表语 "疑问词+动词不定式"结构在句子中还可以充当主语和表语。 Example:How to deal with the problem is most important to us. 如何处理这个问题对我们来说最重要。 The problem is when to leave the place. 问题是何时离开这个地方。 How do we use it? "疑问词+动词不定式"结构可以改写成由该疑问词引导的从句。 Example:I do not know what to do. 我不知道该做什么。 = I do not know what I should do. 5.与从句的转换 All question words can be used with to-infinitives,except why. Suzy will explain why to recommend this bok. Suzy will explain why she recommends this book. Tip How do we use it? 所有疑问词中，只有why不可以与动词不定式连用。 Read the different groups of sentences below and choose the correct structure for each group. a. Adjective +question word+to-infinitive b. Verb+object+question word+to-infinitive c .Verb+question word+to-infinitive d .Verb+question word+noun +to-infinitive How do we use it? a. Adjective +question word+to-infinitive b. Verb+object+question word+to-infinitive c .Verb+question word+to-infinitive d .Verb+question word+noun +to-infinitive Millie has decided what to read. Daniel did not say who/whom to talk to about this book. Simon forgot when to return his library books. Kitty cannot decide which to choose first. Sandy is wondering where to find a book about travel. Amy does not know how to write the book review. decided what to read say who/whom to talk forgot when to return decide which to choose wondering where to find know how to write c How do we use it? Whom is an object pronoun. In a very formal style. whom is sometimes used instead of who. a. Adjective +question word+to-infinitive b. Verb+object+question word+to-infinitive c .Verb+question word+to-infinitive d .Verb+question word+noun +to-infinitive They are discussing which book to read next. You can decide how many books to take with you. discussing which book to read decide how many books to take d How do we use it? a. Adjective +question word+to-infinitive b. Verb+object+question word+to-infinitive c .Verb+question word+to-infinitive d .Verb+question word+noun +to-infinitive Gulliver was not sure who/whom to ask for help. I am not certain what to include in my book review. sure who/whom to ask certain what to include a How do we use it? a. Adjective +question word+to-infinitive b. Verb+object+question word+to-infinitive c .Verb+question word+to-infinitive d .Verb+question word+noun +to-infinitive There are so many books on the reading list.Mr Wu advised us which to choose first. The students asked their teacher when to hand in their book reviews. Millie showed us what to write in a book review. Daniel taught himself how to make a mind map on his computer. Don't forget to tell your classmates where to find these books. advised us which to choose asked their teacher when to hand in b showed us what to write tell your classmates where to find taught himself how to make How do we use it? ·We can use a question word with a to-infinitive after a(n)______or an adjective. ·We can use a verb and a(n)_________before a question word with a to-infinitive. ·We can use a(n)__________(noun,adjective)after what, which,whose,how many and how much. Work out the rule verb object noun Let's practice Mr Wu is talking to his students about the Reading Month.Complete what he says with the correct question words. So, today you’ve all decided what to read for the Reading Month. It isn’t always easy to know(1) _________ book to choose, but I’m happy with your choices. It’s helpful to have a plan before you start reading. Then, you’ll know(2) __________ pages to read each day. You can talk to your classmates if you’re not sure(3) ______ to write about your book. If you have any problems, I’m ready to help. For example, you can ask me (4) ______ to write the book review. I’ll put up a timetable on my office door so you know (5)_______ to speak to me." which how many what how when Let's practice Amy and Simon are chatting together after class.Complete their conversation. Use the correct question words and to-infinitives of the words and phrase in the box below. Simon: Hi,Amy.So, now we’ve decided (1) ___________. When are you going to start? Amy: In fact, I’ve already finished the first paragraph. Simon: I haven’t started yet. Amy: Don’t worry. Mr Wu didn’t say (2)_______________ the book review. Simon: OK. I guess we we still have plenty of time then. what to read when to hand in ask creat hand in meet read Let's practice Amy and Simon are chatting together after class.Complete their conversation. Use the correct question words and to-infinitives of the words and phrase in the box below. Amy: I want to make a mind map of the stories in my book review. Do you know(3) ____________ one on the computer? Simon: No, but I know (4)___________ for help. Daniel is good with computers. We plan to meet at the library. Would you like to join us? Amy: Yes, I’d love to! Simon: We’re still not sure (5)______________, but I’ll let you know soon. how to creat who to ask when to meet ask creat hand in meet read Must and Have To Read the text and pay attention to the use of must and have to I am writing a book review for the school newspaper, and I have to hand it in on Friday. I have to give a short summary of the book, but I mustn't give away the ending. I don't have to love the book. I just need to give my reasons for liking it or not. I must check my spelling and grammar before I hand it in. We use must and have to to say that it is necessary to do something. Must and Have To Example: I must check my spelling and grammar before I hand in my book review. "I must run away from them," Gulliver thought. must表示主观的义务和必要，主要用于肯定句和疑问句中，意思是"必须，得，要"。 1. 表示主观必要性（We use must when the speaker feels that something is necessary.） Must 的用法 Must and Have To Must 的用法 2. 否定形式We use must not to say that something is not allowed. must not表示禁止，意思是"不能，不许"。 Example: I mustn't give away the ending of the story. "You must not shout at us! It's too loud," one tiny man told Gulliver. Must and Have To 3. 表示推断和猜测 Must 的用法 must还可表示推断和猜测，意思是“一定”,但must not没有表示否定猜测的用法。 Example:You must be hungry after all that walking. You must not be hungry because you just had lunch. Must and Have To 1. 表示客观需要（We use have to when the situation makes something necessary.） Have To 的用法 have to表示一种客观的需要，意思是"不得不"。 have to有人称和数的变化。 Example: I have to hand in the book review on Friday. Gulliver had to pull his hand out of the rope. Must and Have To 2. 否定形式（We use do not have to to say that it is not necessary to do something.） Have To 的用法 have to的否定形式是do/does/did not have to。 Example:I don't have to love the book. Gulliver didn't have to run away because the tiny men were kind. do/does not have to意思是"不必，没有必要"。 Must and Have To Have to has different forms: has to had to will have to have/has got to • • • • 缩写形式 must not = mustn't do not have to = don't have to does not have to = doesn't have to did not have to = didn't have to • • • • Let's practice Millie is watching a video about school library rules on the school website.Read the script and complete it with must (not)and (do not)have to. Welcome to the Sunshine Middle School library! I’m Mrs Li and I’ll tell you a few library rules. You(1) _____________follow these rules while you’re here. First of all, you (2)_______remember that books in the library are for everyone, so please make sure you take care of them. You(3) ________ write in the books or take out any pages. The library is a place for all students to read and study. You(4)_______be very quiet when you’re in the library, so other students can focus. You (5)_________ bring any food or drinks into the library either. must/have to must must not must must not Let's practice Millie is watching a video about school library rules on the school website.Read the script and complete it with must (not)and (do not)have to. You (6)______________ stay in the library to enjoy the books here. If you want to take a book home, you can just take it to the librarian to check it out. Thank you for watching. I hope you enjoy using the library. do not have to • must 用于表达主观或规则要求的必要性。 • must not 用于表示禁止。 • do not have to 用于表示没有必要性，是可选的。 Group Work Task: 1. Work in groups of 4. 2. Make a reading plan for your group. 3.Use "question word + to-infinitive" in your sentences. Sentence Help: • We have decided (what) to read. • We are not sure (how) to write the review. • We will ask our teacher (when) to hand in. • We need to find out (where) to find more books. Example: We decided to read 'Harry Potter'. We know what to read. But we don't know how to share our ideas. Show time language correct form(形式正确) accurate meaning(意义精确) proper use(使用恰当) performance gentle(仪态文雅) confidence (自信) OK Good Excellent 表演过后让学生进行投票 Reading helps us know how to think, what to believe, and who to become Rewrite the questions into sentences using question words and to-infinitives. 1.“How should we start the discussion about this adventure book?” Daniel asked the club members _____________________________________________. 2.“Who can we ask for more information about this book?” Millie knows _____________________________________________________. 3.“Where can we learn more about this writer?” Nora found out _____________________________________________. 规则：将疑问句转换为使用“疑问词+动词不定式”的结构 how to start the discussion about this adventure book. who to ask for more information about this book. where to learn more about this writer. Rewrite the questions into sentences using question words and to-infinitives. 4.“Who can we ask for advice about other adventure books?” Jason is not sure _______________________________________________. 5.“What should we read next?” The club members need to decide ___________________________________. 6.“When do we organize the next Book Club meeting?” Daniel explained _________________________________________. 规则：将疑问句转换为使用“疑问词+动词不定式”的结构 who to ask for advice about other adventure books. what to read next. when to organize the next Book Club meeting. Complete the blanks. 1. I don’t know ______ (what / how) to solve this math problem. 2. Could you tell me _______ (when / why) to meet at the school gate? 3. She is thinking about __________ (which / where) book to choose for the report. 4. You __________ (must / have to) finish your homework before watching TV. 5. It’s raining heavily. We ________ (must / have to) stay at home. 6. Students _________ (must not / do not have to) run in the hallway. how when which must have to must not Complete the conversation with the correct forms of must and have to. Use the negative form when necessary. Kitty: I want to join the Book Club. Nora, you’re a member, right? How many books (1)________ the members _________read? Nora: Every member (2)_________ read one book every month. That’s one of our rules. Kitty: What other rules are there? Nora: Well, everyone (3)______take part in our discussions. Kitty: Hmm ... I’m not very good at speaking in front of people. I (4)________ give a class presentation last week. I got very nervous! do have to has to must had to Complete the conversation with the correct forms of must and have to. Use the negative form when necessary. Nora: That’s OK. You ____________ say much in our discussions. Think of it as a relaxing chat among friends. It’s not something you (6)___________ be worried about. Kitty: That doesn’t sound too bad. Who chooses the books? Nora: We all take a turn choosing a book. You can pick any book, but the book (7) _________ be longer than 200 pages. That’s too long for us! So, will you join? Kitty: I (8)__________ think about it more. must not must don't have to have to Basic homework Practical homework Extended homework Create a simple reading plan for yourself, Write 5 sentences using the “question words - to infinitives” structure. List 3 books you want to read next month, For each book, write one sentence using the “question words+to-infinitives" structure, (e. g, I need to decide when to start reading Harry Potter. ) Create a “Reading Guide” for a book you like. Use the grammar you learned today. (e.g. This guide will tell you how to understand the main character.) null 158126.8 Typewriter Sound Effects null 7131.4487 eng - iTunNORM 000000F8 000000F8 00001782 00001782 0000004E 0000004E 00002BE4 00002BE4 0000004E 0000004E� eng - Skywalker Sound Effect� $