专题02 不同形式的被动语态（期中复习讲义）高一英语下学期沪教版

专题02 不同形式的被动语态（期中复习讲义） 内 容 导 航 考情透视·目标导航 透析期中考向，锚定备考重心 知识梳理·方法技巧 梳理核心脉络，扫除知识盲区 知识点01 知识点02 知识点03 知识点04 典例引领·即时检测 精析典型例题，强化解题能力 考场练兵·分层实战 阶梯实战演练，验收复习成效 考情透视·目标导航 核心考点 复习目标 考情规律 被动语态的基本结构与时态 掌握不同时态下被动语态的构成、用法，能准确判断语态与时态 基础必考点，常出现在语法填空、单句改错、完形小题中，是句子结构分析的核心 主动变被动的特殊情况 熟练掌握双宾语、复合宾语、情态动词、非谓语等特殊结构的被动转换 高频易错点，学生易忽略时态、语态的一致性，以及特殊动词的被动规则 被动语态与长难句 强化在复杂语境（从句、非谓语、虚拟语气）中识别被动、分析句子成分的能力 期中/期末长难句、语法填空压轴题的核心考点，常结合句子成分考查 知识梳理·方法技巧 知识点01 被动语态的核心概念 定义：主语是动作的承受者（而非发出者），强调动作的对象或结果。 基本结构：be动词 + 及物动词的过去分词（be动词随时态、人称、数变化） 主动 vs 被动 核心区别： 主动语态 动作的发出者 及物/不及物动词（及物可接宾语） 主语+谓语+宾语 被动语态 动作的承受者 必须是及物动词 主语+be+过去分词(+by+动作发出者) 知识点02 不同时态的被动语态 一般现在时 am/is/are + 过去分词 English is spoken all over the world. 一般过去时 was/were + 过去分词 The bridge was built in 1990. 一般将来时 will be + 过去分词 / be going to be + 过去分词 The problem will be solved soon. 现在进行时 am/is/are being + 过去分词 The road is being repaired now. 过去进行时 was/were being + 过去分词 The letter was being written at 8 last night. 现在完成时 have/has been + 过去分词 The work has been finished. 过去完成时 had been + 过去分词 The plan had been made before the meeting. 将来完成时 will have been + 过去分词 The project will have been completed by 2026. 含情态动词 情态动词 + be + 过去分词 The rules must be followed. 知识点03 主动变被动的特殊情况 1. 双宾语结构（SVOO）的被动 主动：主语 + 谓语 + 间接宾语(人) + 直接宾语(物) 被动两种形式： ① 间接宾语作主语：I was given a book (by my mom). ② 直接宾语作主语：A book was given to me (by my mom).（需加介词to/for） • 常见加to的动词：give, send, show, tell, bring • 常见加for的动词：buy, make, cook, get 2. 复合宾语结构（SVOC）的被动 主动：主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语 被动：宾语变主语 + be + 过去分词 + 宾补 • 注意：主动中make/let/have后接不带to的不定式，被动中必须加to 主动：The boss made him work 12 hours a day. 被动：He was made to work 12 hours a day. 3. 短语动词的被动 短语动词是不可分割的整体，被动时不能省略介词/副词 例：The old man was looked after well by the nurse.（不能省略after） 4. 无被动的情况（避坑重点） • 不及物动词（happen, occur, take place, appear, disappear, last等） • 系动词（be, become, feel, look, sound等） • 表示状态的及物动词（have, own, possess, belong to, consist of等） • 主动表被动的情况： 感官动词：The cloth feels soft.（不用is felt） 表示“卖/洗/写/穿”等的动词：The book sells well. 不定式作定语：I have a lot of homework to do.（不用to be done） 知识点04 被动语态 vs 系表结构 被动语态 强调动作，主语是动作的承受者 be + 过去分词 可用于进行时、完成时等 系表结构 强调状态/特征，主语的属性 be + 形容词化的过去分词 仅表示状态，无进行时 典例引领·即时检测 典例01 （2024年上海市上海中学高三上学期期中考试）The Shanghai Zhangjiang High-Tech Park, which _____ (establish) in 1992, has become a global innovation hub. 即时检测 1. The Palace Museum, which ______ (regard) as the soul of Chinese ancient architecture, attracts millions of visitors every year. 2. The new bridge, which ______ (complete) last month, has greatly improved traffic in this area. 易｜错｜点｜拨 1. 只写过去分词，不写 be 动词 which established ✅ which was established→ 定语从句里必须是完整谓语。 2. 物体强行用主动语态 which established / which completed ✅ which was established / was completed 3. 时间标志视而不见 in 1992 / last month → 过去 every year / nowadays → 现在 解｜题｜技｜巧 1. 找先行词 看逗号前的名词（park / museum / bridge），判断单数还是复数。 2. 判语态（最关键） 建筑、机构、工程、作品等物体不能自己发出动作，建立、建成、视为、发现、发明 → 一律被动：be + done 3. 定时态 有过去时间（in 1992 / last month）→ 一般过去时被动：was/were done；表现在事实/常态 → 一般现在时被动：is/are done 4. 主谓一致 先行词单数 → was / is；先行词复数 → were / are 典例02 （2023年上海市七宝中学高三上学期期末）Over the past decade, many of the city’s old industrial sites _____ (transform) into creative art spaces. 即时检测 1.In the last few years, thousands of historic bridges across the country ________ (preserve) with new technology. 2.Since the new policy was carried out, dozens of small villages ________ (rebuild) into modern tourist attractions. 答｜题｜模｜板 看到这些时间词，优先锁定现在完成时被动：over the past + 时间段；in the last few years； since + 过去时间/从句 1. 看时间 → 确定现在完成时 2. 看主语（建筑、村庄、遗址等物）→ 一定被动 3. 定主谓一致 单数 → has been done 复数 → have been done 4. 写完整结构：have/has been done（been 绝对不能丢） 典例03 （2024年上海市复旦大学附属中学高三3月月考）Environmental experts argue that more strict regulations on plastic waste _____ (implement) to protect the ocean ecosystem. 即时检测 1.Many scientists suggest that higher taxes on carbon emissions ______ (introduce) to slow down global warming. 2.The report shows that effective measures ______ (take) to reduce air pollution in recent years. 解｜题｜技｜巧 1. 找从句主语 看空格前的名词：regulations / taxes / measures→ 都是物，基本都用被动。 2. 判断语态 规定、法律、措施、政策 → 都是被实施、被采取、被引入→ 一律用 被动语态：be + 过去分词。 3. 定时态（关键） ◦ in recent years / over the past years→ 现在完成时被动：have/has been done ◦ 现在事实、常态、建议→ 一般现在时被动：am/is/are done ◦ suggest / advise / demand 表建议→ 虚拟语气：(should) be done 4. 主谓一致 主语复数 → are / have been 主语单数 → is / has been 考场练兵·分层实战 基础通关练（测试时间：10分钟） 1.The old castle, which ________ (restore) over the past decade, will be open to the public next year. 2.It is strongly suggested that effective measures ________ (take) immediately to stop the spread of the virus. 3.Unless extra money ________ (find), the theatre will have to close next month. 4.All the students ________ (require) to arrive at school before 7:30 every morning. 5.The book, which ________ (sell) well since it came out, has been translated into 20 languages. 6.The problem ________ (discuss) at the meeting now is about traffic safety. 7.More trees ________ (plant) in and around the city every year to improve the environment. 8.The new library ________ (complete) by the end of last term was equipped with modern devices. 9.It is ordered that no food ________ (bring) into the computer room. 10.Up to now, more than 100 houses ________ (destroy) in the earthquake. 重难突破练（测试时间：20分钟） 1.（2025届上海市徐汇区高三二模·翻译）村子里弃用已久的一处旧仓库被改造成了饭店。（turn） 2.（2025届上海市市西中学高三3月联考·翻译）疏散过程中无一人受伤的好消息令市长如释重负。（load） 3.（上海市松江二中2020年高一期中·语法填空）He felt ashamed when ______ (ask) to answer the question. 4.（上海市上外附中月考·语法填空）The telephone had been ringing for five minutes before it ______ (answer). 5.（2023届上海市七宝中学高三上学期期末·语法填空）Over the past decade, many of the city’s old industrial sites ______ (transform) into creative art spaces. 6.（上海市行知中学2020年高一月考·完成句子）据说这栋刚被细心修复的古老建筑可以追溯到清朝时期。（It） 7.（上海市松江二中2020年高一期中·语法填空）His quality of life ______ (improve) greatly since he moved to the countryside. 8.（上海市位育中学高三模拟·单项选择）Experiments of this kind ______ in both the U.S. and Europe long before the Second World War. A. conducted B. was conducted C. had been conducted D. had conducted 9.（2025届上海市静安区高三一模·翻译）考虑到这些参考书因维护不利，已破损不堪，请务必在每一本上贴上条码，以便归档和后续追踪。（file） 10.（2002年上海高考真题·单项选择·经典保留）I feel it is your husband who ______ for the spoiled child. A. is to blame B. is going to blame C. is to be blamed D. should blame 综合拓展练（测试时间：10分钟） 1.（2025年全国高考一卷·语法填空）“The players’ personalities _____ (reveal) during the game, and one’s weaknesses are exposed to the opponent,” she adds. 2.（2025年1月浙江首考·语法填空）Usually, better outcomes _____ (achieve) through a thorough understanding of strategies like risk tolerance. 3.（2024年新高考II卷·语法填空）Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, inspired by The Peony Pavilion, _____ (build) at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace. 4.（2023年浙江卷1月·语法填空）Citizens of higher social classes _____ (permit) to live closer to the center of the circles. 5.（2022年天津卷·单项选择·第二次）Food and medical supplies _____ to all the residents after the hurricane last Sunday. A. distribute B. distributed C. are distributed D. were distributed 6.（2019年天津卷·单项选择）Amy, as well as her brothers, _____ a warm welcome when returning to the village last week. A. is given B. are given C. was given D. were given 7.（2024年浙江卷1月·语法填空）Over the last two years, some supermarkets _____ (start) selling chicken or salad in packs designed with two halves containing separate portions. 8.（2024年浙江卷1月·语法填空）However, though it’s nice to get a few cents off a pack of sausages, it would help even more if they could sometimes _____ (offer) in smaller packs. 9.（2024年全国甲卷·语法填空）What should _____ (do) with such a beautiful place? 10.（2023年全国甲卷·语法填空）Carson proves that a simple lyric form that has been passed down through the ages can still _____ (employ) today to draw attention to important truths. 6 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题02 不同形式的被动语态（期中复习讲义） 内 容 导 航 考情透视·目标导航 透析期中考向，锚定备考重心 知识梳理·方法技巧 梳理核心脉络，扫除知识盲区 知识点01 知识点02 知识点03 知识点04 典例引领·即时检测 精析典型例题，强化解题能力 考场练兵·分层实战 阶梯实战演练，验收复习成效 考情透视·目标导航 核心考点 复习目标 考情规律 被动语态的基本结构与时态 掌握不同时态下被动语态的构成、用法，能准确判断语态与时态 基础必考点，常出现在语法填空、单句改错、完形小题中，是句子结构分析的核心 主动变被动的特殊情况 熟练掌握双宾语、复合宾语、情态动词、非谓语等特殊结构的被动转换 高频易错点，学生易忽略时态、语态的一致性，以及特殊动词的被动规则 被动语态与长难句 强化在复杂语境（从句、非谓语、虚拟语气）中识别被动、分析句子成分的能力 期中/期末长难句、语法填空压轴题的核心考点，常结合句子成分考查 知识梳理·方法技巧 知识点01 被动语态的核心概念 定义：主语是动作的承受者（而非发出者），强调动作的对象或结果。 基本结构：be动词 + 及物动词的过去分词（be动词随时态、人称、数变化） 主动 vs 被动 核心区别： 主动语态 动作的发出者 及物/不及物动词（及物可接宾语） 主语+谓语+宾语 被动语态 动作的承受者 必须是及物动词 主语+be+过去分词(+by+动作发出者) 知识点02 不同时态的被动语态 一般现在时 am/is/are + 过去分词 English is spoken all over the world. 一般过去时 was/were + 过去分词 The bridge was built in 1990. 一般将来时 will be + 过去分词 / be going to be + 过去分词 The problem will be solved soon. 现在进行时 am/is/are being + 过去分词 The road is being repaired now. 过去进行时 was/were being + 过去分词 The letter was being written at 8 last night. 现在完成时 have/has been + 过去分词 The work has been finished. 过去完成时 had been + 过去分词 The plan had been made before the meeting. 将来完成时 will have been + 过去分词 The project will have been completed by 2026. 含情态动词 情态动词 + be + 过去分词 The rules must be followed. 知识点03 主动变被动的特殊情况 1. 双宾语结构（SVOO）的被动 主动：主语 + 谓语 + 间接宾语(人) + 直接宾语(物) 被动两种形式： ① 间接宾语作主语：I was given a book (by my mom). ② 直接宾语作主语：A book was given to me (by my mom).（需加介词to/for） • 常见加to的动词：give, send, show, tell, bring • 常见加for的动词：buy, make, cook, get 2. 复合宾语结构（SVOC）的被动 主动：主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语 被动：宾语变主语 + be + 过去分词 + 宾补 • 注意：主动中make/let/have后接不带to的不定式，被动中必须加to 主动：The boss made him work 12 hours a day. 被动：He was made to work 12 hours a day. 3. 短语动词的被动 短语动词是不可分割的整体，被动时不能省略介词/副词 例：The old man was looked after well by the nurse.（不能省略after） 4. 无被动的情况（避坑重点） • 不及物动词（happen, occur, take place, appear, disappear, last等） • 系动词（be, become, feel, look, sound等） • 表示状态的及物动词（have, own, possess, belong to, consist of等） • 主动表被动的情况： 感官动词：The cloth feels soft.（不用is felt） 表示“卖/洗/写/穿”等的动词：The book sells well. 不定式作定语：I have a lot of homework to do.（不用to be done） 知识点04 被动语态 vs 系表结构 被动语态 强调动作，主语是动作的承受者 be + 过去分词 可用于进行时、完成时等 系表结构 强调状态/特征，主语的属性 be + 形容词化的过去分词 仅表示状态，无进行时 典例引领·即时检测 典例01 （2024年上海市上海中学高三上学期期中考试）The Shanghai Zhangjiang High-Tech Park, which _____ (establish) in 1992, has become a global innovation hub. 【答案】was established 【解析】时间状语in 1992提示用一般过去时，主语which（指代the Park）与establish（建立）为被动关系，主语为单数，be动词用was。 即时检测 1. The Palace Museum, which ______ (regard) as the soul of Chinese ancient architecture, attracts millions of visitors every year. 【答案】is regarded 【解析】1. 先行词 The Palace Museum 是单数。2. 故宫是“被视为”建筑灵魂，表被动。3. 后半句 attracts 是一般现在时，时态保持一致。4. 故用一般现在时被动：is regarded。 2. The new bridge, which ______ (complete) last month, has greatly improved traffic in this area. 【答案】was completed 【解析】1. 先行词 The new bridge 是单数。2. 桥梁是“被完工”的，用被动。3. 时间状语 last month 明确用一般过去时。4. 故用一般过去时被动：was completed。 易｜错｜点｜拨 1. 只写过去分词，不写 be 动词 which established ✅ which was established→ 定语从句里必须是完整谓语。 2. 物体强行用主动语态 which established / which completed ✅ which was established / was completed 3. 时间标志视而不见 in 1992 / last month → 过去 every year / nowadays → 现在 解｜题｜技｜巧 1. 找先行词 看逗号前的名词（park / museum / bridge），判断单数还是复数。 2. 判语态（最关键） 建筑、机构、工程、作品等物体不能自己发出动作，建立、建成、视为、发现、发明 → 一律被动：be + done 3. 定时态 有过去时间（in 1992 / last month）→ 一般过去时被动：was/were done；表现在事实/常态 → 一般现在时被动：is/are done 4. 主谓一致 先行词单数 → was / is；先行词复数 → were / are 典例02 （2023年上海市七宝中学高三上学期期末）Over the past decade, many of the city’s old industrial sites _____ (transform) into creative art spaces. 【答案】have been transformed 【解析】Over the past decade提示现在完成时；many sites与transform（改造）为被动关系；主语为复数， 助动词用have。 即时检测 1.In the last few years, thousands of historic bridges across the country ________ (preserve) with new technology. 【答案】have been preserved 【解析】1. 时间标志 In the last few years = 现在完成时2. bridges（桥）是“被保护”，用被动3. 主语复数 → have been preserved 2.Since the new policy was carried out, dozens of small villages ________ (rebuild) into modern tourist attractions. 【答案】have been rebuilt 【解析】1. Since 引导时间状语 → 主句用现在完成时2. villages（村庄）是“被重建”，被动3. 主语复数 → have been rebuilt 答｜题｜模｜板 看到这些时间词，优先锁定现在完成时被动：over the past + 时间段；in the last few years； since + 过去时间/从句 1. 看时间 → 确定现在完成时 2. 看主语（建筑、村庄、遗址等物）→ 一定被动 3. 定主谓一致 单数 → has been done 复数 → have been done 4. 写完整结构：have/has been done（been 绝对不能丢） 典例03 （2024年上海市复旦大学附属中学高三3月月考）Environmental experts argue that more strict regulations on plastic waste _____ (implement) to protect the ocean ecosystem. 【答案】should be implemented 【解析】情态动词should后接动词原形；regulations与implement（实施）为被动关系；故用should be Implemented。 即时检测 1.Many scientists suggest that higher taxes on carbon emissions ______ (introduce) to slow down global warming. 【答案】should be introduced / be introduced 【解析】1. 主语 taxes 与 introduce 为被动关系。2. 动词 suggest 表建议，从句用 (should) do 虚拟语气。 3. 被动结构：(should) be introduced。 2.The report shows that effective measures ______ (take) to reduce air pollution in recent years. 【答案】have been taken 【解析】1. measures 与 take 是被动关系（措施被采取）。2. 时间状语 in recent years 是现在完成时标志。 3. 现在完成时被动：have been taken。 解｜题｜技｜巧 1. 找从句主语 看空格前的名词：regulations / taxes / measures→ 都是物，基本都用被动。 2. 判断语态 规定、法律、措施、政策 → 都是被实施、被采取、被引入→ 一律用 被动语态：be + 过去分词。 3. 定时态（关键） ◦ in recent years / over the past years→ 现在完成时被动：have/has been done ◦ 现在事实、常态、建议→ 一般现在时被动：am/is/are done ◦ suggest / advise / demand 表建议→ 虚拟语气：(should) be done 4. 主谓一致 主语复数 → are / have been 主语单数 → is / has been 考场练兵·分层实战 基础通关练（测试时间：10分钟） 1.The old castle, which ________ (restore) over the past decade, will be open to the public next year. 答案：has been restored 解析：主语 castle 与 restore 是被动。over the past decade = 现在完成时标志。结构：has been restored。 2.It is strongly suggested that effective measures ________ (take) immediately to stop the spread of the virus. 答案：(should) be taken 解析：suggest 表建议，从句用虚拟语气 (should) do。measures 与 take 是被动。结构：(should) be taken。 3.Unless extra money ________ (find), the theatre will have to close next month. 答案：is found 解析：条件状语从句，用一般现在时表将来。money 与 find 被动 → is found。 4.All the students ________ (require) to arrive at school before 7:30 every morning. 答案：are required 解析：经常性、规定性动作 → 一般现在时被动。主语复数 → are required。 5.The book, which ________ (sell) well since it came out, has been translated into 20 languages. 答案：has sold 解析：sell well 主动表被动（畅销），不用被动。since 从句 → 现在完成时。 6.The problem ________ (discuss) at the meeting now is about traffic safety. 答案：being discussed 解析：作后置定语，表示“正在被讨论的”。进行被动作定语：being done。 7.More trees ________ (plant) in and around the city every year to improve the environment. 答案：are planted 解析：every year → 一般现在时。trees 与 plant 被动 → are planted。 8.The new library ________ (complete) by the end of last term was equipped with modern devices. 答案：completed 解析：过去分词作后置定语，表示“已被完工的”。by the end of last term 表完成，用 done。 9.It is ordered that no food ________ (bring) into the computer room. 答案：(should) be brought 解析：order 表命令，从句虚拟：(should) do。被动 → (should) be brought。 10.Up to now, more than 100 houses ________ (destroy) in the earthquake. 答案：have been destroyed 解析：up to now = 现在完成时标志。houses 与 destroy 被动 → have been destroyed。 重难突破练（测试时间：20分钟） 1.（2025届上海市徐汇区高三二模·翻译）村子里弃用已久的一处旧仓库被改造成了饭店。（turn） 答案： An old warehouse which had been long deserted in the village was turned into a restaurant. 解析：主句描述过去发生的动作（被改造成），用一般过去时被动语态；主语“an old warehouse”与“turn into”为被动关系，故用was turned into；“弃用已久”为定语从句修饰warehouse，用过去完成时had been deserted表示过去的过去 2.（2025届上海市市西中学高三3月联考·翻译）疏散过程中无一人受伤的好消息令市长如释重负。（load） 答案： The good news that no one was injured during the evacuation took a load off the mayor’s mind. 解析：同位语从句中，“no one”与“injure”为被动关系，用一般过去时被动was injured；从句描述过去发生的具体事件（疏散过程中），故用一般过去时 3.（上海市松江二中2020年高一期中·语法填空）He felt ashamed when ______ (ask) to answer the question. 答案： asked 解析：时间状语从句中省略了主语和be动词，原句为when he was asked；“he”与“ask”为被动关系，用过去分词asked，此为省略结构；过去分词表被动，同时与主句谓语felt时态一致 4.（上海市上外附中月考·语法填空）The telephone had been ringing for five minutes before it ______ (answer). 答案： was answered 解析：before引导的时间状语从句中，主语it（指代telephone）与answer为被动关系；主句用过去完成时had been ringing，从句动作发生在主句之后，用一般过去时被动was answered 5.（2023届上海市七宝中学高三上学期期末·语法填空）Over the past decade, many of the city’s old industrial sites ______ (transform) into creative art spaces. 答案： have been transformed 解析：Over the past decade提示现在完成时；many sites与transform（改造）为被动关系；主语为复数，助动词用have 6.（上海市行知中学2020年高一月考·完成句子）据说这栋刚被细心修复的古老建筑可以追溯到清朝时期。（It） 答案： It is said that the old building which has been carefully restored dates back to the Qing Dynasty. 解析： It is said that...为固定句式，意为“据说……”定语从句中，the old building与restore为被动关系，且“刚被修复”强调对现在的影响，用现在完成时被动has been restored；date back to为主动形式，表示“追溯到” 7.（上海市松江二中2020年高一期中·语法填空）His quality of life ______ (improve) greatly since he moved to the countryside. 答案： has been improved 解析：since引导的时间状语从句提示主句用现在完成时；His quality of life与improve为被动关系（生活质量被提高）；主语为单数，助动词用has 8.（上海市位育中学高三模拟·单项选择）Experiments of this kind ______ in both the U.S. and Europe long before the Second World War. A. conducted B. was conducted C. had been conducted D. had conducted 答案： C 解析：long before the Second World War表示“早在二战之前”，提示动作发生在过去的过去；experiments与conduct为被动关系（实验被进行）；故用过去完成时被动语态had been conducted；A为主动过去分词，B为单数被动时态错误，D为主动完成时态 9.（2025届上海市静安区高三一模·翻译）考虑到这些参考书因维护不利，已破损不堪，请务必在每一本上贴上条码，以便归档和后续追踪。（file） 答案： Considering that these reference books have been damaged due to poor maintenance, barcodes must be attached to each copy for filing and future tracking. 解析：must be attached为情态动词被动结构，must后接be + 过去分词；barcodes与attach为被动关系（条形码被贴上）；have been damaged为现在完成时被动，说明破损状态持续至今 10.（2002年上海高考真题·单项选择·经典保留）I feel it is your husband who ______ for the spoiled child. A. is to blame B. is going to blame C. is to be blamed D. should blame 答案： A 解析：be to blame为固定搭配，用主动形式表示被动意义，意为“该受责备”；本句为强调句型it is...who...，强调主语your husband；若选is to be blamed虽在语法上被动，但不符合英语惯用法 综合拓展练（测试时间：10分钟） 1.（2025年全国高考一卷·语法填空）“The players’ personalities _____ (reveal) during the game, and one’s weaknesses are exposed to the opponent,” she adds. 答案： are revealed 解析：本句描述一般事实，时态用一般现在时，主语The players’ personalities与动词reveal（揭示）为被动关系，主语为复数，be动词用are，句意： 她补充说：“选手的个性在比赛中会展现出来，一个人的弱点也会暴露给对手。” 2.（2025年1月浙江首考·语法填空）Usually, better outcomes _____ (achieve) through a thorough understanding of strategies like risk tolerance. 答案： are achieved 解析：根据时间状语Usually，表示经常性、习惯性动作，用一般现在时，主语better outcomes与achieve为被动关系（更好的结果被实现），主语为复数，be动词用are，句意： 通常，通过充分了解风险承受能力等策略，可以取得更好的结果。 3.（2024年新高考II卷·语法填空）Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, inspired by The Peony Pavilion, _____ (build) at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace. 答案： was built 解析：时间状语Two years later提示用一般过去时，主语a six-meter-tall pavilion与build为被动关系（亭子被建造），主语为单数，be动词用was，句意： 两年后，一座六米高的亭子在菲斯花园落成，该花园距离莎士比亚故居仅十分钟步行路程。 4.（2023年浙江卷1月·语法填空）Citizens of higher social classes _____ (permit) to live closer to the center of the circles. 答案： were permitted 解析：陈述过去事实，用一般过去时，主语Citizens与permit为被动关系（被允许），主语为复数，be动词用were，句意： 高等阶层的公民被允许住在离中心地带更近的地方。 5.（2022年天津卷·单项选择·第二次）Food and medical supplies _____ to all the residents after the hurricane last Sunday. A. distribute B. distributed C. are distributed D. were distributed 答案： D 解析：时间状语last Sunday提示用一般过去时，supplies与distribute为被动关系（物资被分发），主语为复数，be动词用were，句意： 上周日飓风过后，食品和医疗物资被分发给了所有居民。 6.（2019年天津卷·单项选择）Amy, as well as her brothers, _____ a warm welcome when returning to the village last week. A. is given B. are given C. was given D. were given 答案： C 解析：时间状语last week提示用一般过去时，as well as连接主语时，谓语动词与前一个主语（Amy）保持主谓一致，Amy与give为被动关系（被给予欢迎），故用was given，句意： 艾米和她的兄弟们上周回到村子时受到了热烈欢迎。 7.（2024年浙江卷1月·语法填空）Over the last two years, some supermarkets _____ (start) selling chicken or salad in packs designed with two halves containing separate portions. 答案： have started 解析：时间状语Over the last two years提示用现在完成时，本句为主动语态（start为及物动词，主语supermarkets主动开始销售），现在完成时被动语态结构为have/has been done，但本句考查的是现在完成时的主动形式，句意： 在过去的两年里，一些超市开始销售鸡肉或沙拉包装，设计成两半，拆分成两份。 8.（2024年浙江卷1月·语法填空）However, though it’s nice to get a few cents off a pack of sausages, it would help even more if they could sometimes _____ (offer) in smaller packs. 答案： be offered 解析：情态动词could后接动词原形，主语they（代指sausages）与offer为被动关系（香肠被提供），结构为情态动词 + be + 过去分词，句意： 然而，虽然一包香肠能便宜几美分是件好事，但如果有时能以小包装出售，那就更好了。 9.（2024年全国甲卷·语法填空）What should _____ (do) with such a beautiful place? 答案： be done 解析：情态动词should后接动词原形，主语What指物，与do为被动关系（什么应该被做），结构为情态动词 + be + 过去分词，句意： 对于这样一个美丽的地方，我们应该做些什么呢？ 10.（2023年全国甲卷·语法填空）Carson proves that a simple lyric form that has been passed down through the ages can still _____ (employ) today to draw attention to important truths. 答案： be employed 解析：情态动词can后接动词原形，从句主语a simple lyric form与employ为被动关系（抒情形式被使用），结构为情态动词 + be + 过去分词，句意： 卡森证明了一种简单的抒情形式，已经代代相传，今天仍然可以用来吸引人们对重要真理的关注。 6 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $