Unit12 Innovation Topic Talk & Lesson单元提升强化练- 2025-2026学年高中英语北师大版选择性必修第四册

Topic Talk & Lesson 一、必备知识基础练 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1.This law applies to all places of public 　　　　　(entertain).  2.There is no denying that man is the only creature that is 　　　　　　(gift) with speech.  3.Though the meeting lasted for three hours,it wasn’t (produce) of any important decisions. 4.A wealthy sponsor came to our rescue with a generous 　　　　　　(donate).  5.It is of great importance to spread cultural and 　　　　　　　(science) knowledge among the people.  6.Some news will excite their readers 　　　　　　(instant) while others won’t.  7.One of the main 　　　　　　(find) of the survey was the confusion about the facilities already in place.  8.We cannot guarantee the 　　　　　　(accurate) of these figures.  9.She deals with all the correspondence quickly and 　　　　　　(efficient).  10.Why is it that you’ve come out against the (propose) he put forward? Ⅱ.选词填空 range from...to...,be transformed into,be dedicated to,go out,single out,turn to,deal with,adapt to,not to mention,figure out 1.No one could 　　　　　　　　　how he got to be so wealthy.  2.Put more wood on the fire,otherwise it will 　　　　　　　　　.  3.Don’t always 　　　　　the dictionary when you come across new words while reading. 4.An open-minded person is able to 　　　　　　　　　　　new conditions.  5.The society 　　　　　　　　　furthering the cause of world peace.  6.My basement 　　　　　　　　　　　　a garage a year ago.  7.He is beginning to 　　　　　　　　　his anger in a constructive way.  8.Who would you 　　　　　　　　　as the most promising student of the year?  9.For lovers of the great outdoors,activities 　　　　　　　　　hiking 　　　　　　bird watching.  10.He has two big houses in this country,　　　　　　　　　　　 his villas in France.  Ⅲ.用括号内所给词的适当形式填空 1.He spent seven hours in the wind and snow,cold and 　　　　　　(hunger).  2.Just be 　　　　　　(patience).I think the result will be announced soon.  3.While a moderate amount of stress can be 　　　　　(benefit),too much stress can exhaust you.  4.Her most 　　　　　　(annoy) habit is that she eats with her mouth open.  5.Winning first prize in the maths contest made me 　　　　　　(excite).  6.It is an 　　　　　　(admire) place to come to for a holiday and rest.  7.Smartphones make it easier and more 　　　　　(convenience) to do everything in daily life.  8.After her colleagues had talked with her several times,she became a bit more 　　　　　(cheer).  9.We can live a peaceful life despite the 　　　　　(variety) challenges of the modern world.  10.It was sometimes so 　　　　　　(crowd) that it was difficult to walk along the streets,especially through busy markets.  Ⅳ.单句写作 1.我与弟弟通电话时,突然线路断了。(be doing...when...) I 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　my brother on the telephone when the line suddenly went dead.  2.我不喜欢他在晚会上看我的那个样子。(way作先行词的定语从句) I didn’t like 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　at the evening party.  3.他和朋友打篮球时把眼镜摔坏了。(get+宾语+宾语补足语) He 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　when playing basketball with his friends.  4.那女孩眼泪汪汪地抬起了头。(with复合结构) The girl looked up 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.  5.他处理这种情况的能力毋庸置疑。(There is no doubt about...) 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　the situation.  二、能力素养提升练 Ⅴ.阅读理解 A Imagine flying over the city in an electric-powered aircraft that has no pilot but can take you from point A to point B in minutes.Sounds like science fiction,right?Well,not anymore.China-based EHang has become the world’s first company to receive official approval to fly passengers in its pilotless air taxis. EHang’s EH216-S air taxis are electric vertical(垂直) take-off and landing aircraft,also called eVTOL for short.The air taxis can carry up to two passengers or about 270kg of goods.They can fly at speeds of up to 130km/h and distances of up to 28km.The air taxis are controlled by a central command centre that monitors the flight,routes and weather conditions. Passengers can simply select their destination on a touchscreen inside the cabin and enjoy the ride without worrying about piloting the aircraft.The taxis do not require airports or runways.They can take off and land vertically from any flat surface. The air taxis use electric power to reduce environmental harm caused by emissions.They can be fully charged in two hours and have low noise levels.They also have backup batteries and emergency landing systems and parachutes in case anything goes wrong. They could transform how we travel around big cities—imagine using them to avoid traffic jams,save time on the daily commute(通勤) to work or school,or get to places that are hard to reach by car or public transport.And beyond just moving people,the aircraft can be used for delivering goods,such as packages,medical supplies or food.During natural disasters such as bushfires or floods,air taxis could transport much-needed medical staff,equipment or medicines to the scene quickly and safely. One big challenge will be gaining the trust of the public and convincing commuters they are safe while flying.To do this,EHang will educate passengers about the benefits and risks of using its taxis while also addressing potential issues and concerns about noise levels,privacy and the environmental impact. 1.What do we know about EH216-S air taxis? A.They don’t make any noise. B.They are environment-friendly. C.They are controlled by eVTOL. D.They can carry 270kg of goods and two persons. 2.Which of the following places is most suitable for air taxis to take off? A.A swimming pool. B.An empty street. C.A crowded car park. D.A woody valley. 3.What’s paragraph 5 mainly about? A.Where air taxis can work. B.When air taxis function well. C.Why air taxis are needed. D.How air taxis can be widely used. 4.How will EHang gain the trust of the public? A.By providing a free trip for brave passengers. B.By rewarding the most reliable passengers. C.By explaining its taxis’ advantages and disadvantages. D.By stressing the importance of environmental protection. B Over 2,000 years ago,Baiae was the most magnificent resort town in Italy.Wealthy statesmen including Cicero and Caesar were once drawn to its natural springs.But over the centuries,volcanic activity submerged this playground of the Roman nobility,leaving half of it beneath the Mediterranean. Today,Baiae is one of the world’s few underwater archaeological parks open to visitors wanting to explore the remains of the ancient Roman city.A protected marine area,the site needs to be monitored for damage caused by divers and environmental factors.However,explains Davidde,Italy’s national supervisor for the underwater cultural heritage,“Communication underwater is challenging.” Cabled systems are the most reliable,but they are difficult to maintain and cover a limited operational area.And the wireless Internet doesn’t work well in water,because of the way water interacts with electromagnetic waves. So Davidde teamed up with a group of engineers led by Chiara Petrioli,a professor at Sapienza University.Petrioli’s team has developed a network of underwater wireless sensors capable of gathering environmental data and transmitting it to land in real time.The system relies on AI algorithms(算法) to constantly change the network protocol(网络协议).As the sea conditions change,the algorithms adjust the information path,allowing the signal to travel up to two kilometers and data to be sent between transmitters one kilometer apart. At Baiae,the underwater Internet allows remote,continuous monitoring of environmental conditions.Besides,it allows divers to communicate with one another and with colleagues above the surface,who can also use the technology to locate them with a high degree of accuracy. Davidde anticipates that the network will be available to tourists visiting the archaeological site in the coming months.As they swim over the ruins,visitors will use waterproof smart tablets to communicate and to view 3D reconstructions of the ruins. “The underwater Internet has made monitoring of the archaeological site simpler and more efficient,” says Davidde,“At the same time,we can offer the public a new,interactive way to explore the underwater park.” 5.What do we know about Baiae? A.It was noted for natural springs. B.It is a playground for sports lovers. C.It was destroyed by human activity. D.It is not open to adventurous visitors. 6.What is the third paragraph mainly about? A.Applications of the underwater Internet. B.Different types of underwater networks. C.Difficulties of underwater communication. D.Conditions of the underwater environment. 7.What is the underwater network capable of doing at present? A.Reconstructing the ruins of the underwater park. B.Making it easier to monitor archaeological sites. C.Bringing more visitors to submerged Roman city. D.Only allowing divers to communicate underwater. 8.What is the purpose of this text? A.To explain underwater communication. B.To analyze the effect of climate change. C.To introduce a new underwater network. D.To attract more visitors to explore Baiae. C “Big Tree”,an old southern live oak,sits in a park just outside Orlando’s business district.It’s been struck by lightning at least three times and has survived many hurricanes—and it grew from a seed around the same time Juan Ponce de León’s ship first landed on Florida’s eastern coast. Over 400 years old,the tree is so impressive that members of a Michigan-based non-profit flew to Orlando in February to climb the tree and cut branches and leaves.The researchers are now in the midst of the process to grow new roots from the cuttings.The reason:To clone the historic tree,store its DNA and plant potentially thousands of cloned trees across the Southeast. In order to clone an ancient tree,researchers must climb it to find a piece of live tissue.The freshly cut branches and leaves are taken to the group’s lab in Michigan,where,in climate-controlled rooms,researchers work to promote growth from the cuttings. The most common method is by rooted cuttings.In this method,a tip of a tree’s branch is dipped(蘸) into hormones,placed into a foam plug(泡沫塞) and set inside a mist room.Then,the waiting begins.A sign of life can take several months to a year to show,if one comes at all.In another method called tissue culture,researchers take a quarter-inch of branch,dip it into a mixture made up of a dozen hormones and other chemicals,seal(密封) it in a container and wait to see whether it will grow roots. Experts lauded the group for its creative methods and reproduction in large numbers,but they doubt whether the clones will grow as the originals do.Scott Merkle,a professor of forest biology at the University of Georgia,said,“There are so many variables that there’s no certainty that they will be able to survive and perform better than other trees that you plant on the same land.”He added that the age of historic trees makes them difficult to study.“I think it’s a great thing that they’re doing...I just don’t know how realistic it is.” 9.According to the passage,what do the researchers aim to do? A.To clone an ancient tree from its original. B.To save thousands of trees across the Southeast. C.To analyse the effects of climate on tree growth. D.To study the reason for the survival of “Big Tree”. 10.What do we know about the two methods mentioned in paragraph 4? A.Tissue culture is the most frequently used method. B.There is a chance that the branch will fail to grow roots. C.In the first method the live tissue is sealed in a container. D.A mixture of hormones and other chemicals is needed in both methods. 11.What does the underlined word “lauded” in paragraph 5 mean? A.Joined.　　　 B.Charged. C.Praised. D.Contacted. 12.What’s Scott Merkle’s attitude to the group’s work? A.Cautious. B.Critical. C.Approving. D.Unclear. D What are the biggest problems that society will have to deal with in the new age?There are diseases like AIDS and cancer.There’s climate change,of course.And what about producing enough cheap food and energy for the world’s growing population?Who’s going to solve all these terrible problems?Yes,politicians and world leaders will have a big part to play.Yes,businesses will need to create the economic wealth to pay for some of these things.But who’s going to make a much greater difference to something like AIDS or climate change?It’s going to be a scientist.It is the scientist who can turn some new bit of science into a new technology to solve these problems. If you like thinking about the world around you,why not become a scientist?It doesn’t mean you have to wear a white coat and plastic glasses and spend all your time in a lab as most people often imagine!Scientists do all kinds of amazing things that are actually interesting! Military scientists develop not only new weapons but new military technologies that could help make wars out of date.Forensic (法医的) scientists work with the police to find quite small clues to catch criminals.Scientists work in schools and colleges as teachers and professors who will train tomorrow’s scientists.Don’t think a scientist is far away! Maybe you like cooking?You could be a food technologist helping to keep fruit and vegetables fresher for longer.Perhaps sport is your thing?Do you know that most top athletes work with sports scientists in order to improve their performance?You could even be the science writer who gets to spend the life studying the latest advances and sharing them with the world. Looking for something to do for the rest of your life?My advice?Take a long hard look at science.It is interesting. 13.Many problems are mentioned in the first paragraph to 　　　.  A.suggest they are impossible to be solved B.introduce the causes of these problems C.show the writer’s worry about the future world D.show scientists play an important part in solving them 14.What is needed to solve these problems? A.Advanced weapons. B.Enough energy. C.New technologies. D.A growing population. 15.How do most people consider the life of scientists? A.Amazing. B.Boring. C.Colorful. D.Unreal. 16.Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage? A.Owing to military technologies,there has been no wars. B.For those interested in cooking,food technologies may be a choice. C.Forensic scientists play an important part in dealing with crimes. D.Most athletes can achieve greater achievements with the help of sports scientists. Ⅵ.七选五 Johannes Gutenberg was chosen to be the most important figure of the past millennium (千年) by the media.You may not be familiar with him.　1　 Gutenberg is praised for having invented the printing press and therefore preparing the way for printing books.  He was born into a wealthy family in the city of Mainz,Germany.His early training was in goldsmithing.In 1428,he moved to Strasbourg and lived there for almost 20 years.　2　 Gutenberg used his skills in metalwork for the mass production of books.　3　 That means that each copy of a book was painstakingly handwritten by men.Gutenberg fashioned a font (字体) of over 300 characters,far larger than the fonts of today.To make this possible,he invented a variable-width mold (模具) and perfected the mixture of materials used by type factories up to the present century.  　4　 Between 1450 and 1455,while preparing to produce a large Latin Bible,Gutenberg is thought to have printed a number of smaller books.The Bible of 42 lines,the oldest surviving printed book in the Western world,was completed by August 15,1456.  The invention of the modern printing press changed the way information was delivered.　5　 Even today in the computer age,we rely heavily on the printed words or text for instruction,information,and for the pleasure of reading literature.  A.Gutenberg made the world a much richer place. B.But he has certainly influenced your life in some ways. C.Gutenberg’s idea was one of the greatest ideas of all mankind. D.By 1450,Gutenberg was back in Mainz at work on a printing press. E.In fact,this invention contributed a lot to educating the masses (大众) worldwide. F.Before the spread of Gutenberg’s idea,books were primarily handwritten. G.It was in Strasbourg that he probably did his first experiment with moveable type and printing. 参考答案 Ⅰ.1.entertainment　2.gifted　3.productive　4.donation　5.scientific　6.instantly　7.findings　8.accuracy　9.efficiently　10.proposal Ⅱ.1.figure out　2.go out　3.turn to　4.adapt to　5.is dedicated to　6.was transformed into　7.deal with　8.single out　9.range from;to　10.not to mention Ⅲ.1.hungry　2.patient　3.beneficial　4.annoying　5.excited　6.admirable　7.convenient　8.cheerful　9.various　10.crowded Ⅳ.1.was talking to　2.the way he looked at me　3.got his glasses broken　4.with tears in her eyes　5.There is no doubt about his ability to deal with Ⅴ.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述全球首个无人驾驶载人航空器“亿航智能”获认证!城市空中交通有望由其领航。 1.B　细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“The air taxis use electric power to reduce environmental harm caused by emissions.”可知,空中出租车使用电力来减少排放对环境的危害。故选B项。 2.B　推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句“They can take off and land vertically from any flat surface.”可知,它们可以从任何平坦的表面垂直起飞和降落,由此可推知,“空旷的街道”更适合起飞。故选B项。 3.D　段落大意题。根据第五段内容可知,这种空中出租车可以改变我们在大城市的出行方式——想象一下,使用它们可以避免交通拥堵,节省每天通勤上班或上学的时间,或者到达汽车或公共交通工具难以到达的地方……由此可知,本段主要介绍了空中出租车如何能被广泛使用。故选D项。 4.C　细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句可知,亿航将向乘客介绍使用空中出租车的好处和风险,同时解决有关噪声水平、隐私和环境影响的潜在问题和担忧。故选C项。 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。本文介绍了意大利国家水下文化遗产监督员Davidde与一个工程师团队合作,使用水下无线传感器网络解决水下交流困难的问题,使得监控水下考古遗址变得简单有效。 5.A　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Wealthy statesmen including Cicero and Caesar were once drawn to its natural springs.”可知,巴亚曾经以其天然泉水而出名。故选A项。 6.C　段落大意题。根据第二段最后一句“However,explains Davidde,Italy’s national supervisor for the underwater cultural heritage,‘Communication underwater is challenging.’”和第三段内容可知,第三段围绕第二段最后一句内容,详细讲述了水下交流的困难。故选C项。 7.B　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“The underwater Internet has made monitoring of the archaeological site simpler and more efficient”可知,水下互联网使得检测考古遗址更加简单高效。故选B项。 8.C　写作意图题。通读全文,尤其是第四段中的“So Davidde teamed up with a group of engineers...and transmitting it to land in real time.”可知,本文主要围绕该水下无线传感器网络展开,目的是向读者介绍这个水下无线传感器网络。故选C项。 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。坐落在奥兰多商业区外的一个公园里的一棵古老的南方橡树已有400多年的历史。目前,研究人员在树上剪下树枝和树叶,将其带到该团队位于密歇根州的实验室,目的是克隆这棵历史悠久的树,储存它的 DNA。 9.A　细节理解题。根据第二段中“The researchers are now in the midst of the process to grow new roots ...and plant potentially thousands of cloned trees across the Southeast.”可知,研究人员的目的是想从原树中克隆一棵古树。故选A项。 10.B　推理判断题。根据第四段内容可知,文章介绍了两种克隆的方法,而在描述这两种方法时,作者用了“if one comes at all(如果有的话)”和“whether it will grow roots(是否会生根)”等字眼,由此可推知,这两种方法都有可能导致树枝无法生根。故选B项。 11.C　词义猜测题。根据画线单词所在句中的but可知,前后是转折关系,虽然专家们对克隆体是否会像原代植物那样生长表示怀疑,但是他们对该组织的创新方法和大量繁殖表示称赞。由此可知,画线单词表示“称赞”,与praised意思相近。故选C项。 12.A　推理判断题。根据最后一段中“He added that the age of historic trees makes them difficult to study.‘I think it’s a great thing that they’re doing...I just don’t know how realistic it is.’”可知,Scott Merkle对这一团队的工作表示赞美,同时他也表示了自己的担忧。由此可推知,他的态度是谨慎的。故选A项。 【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。文章提出,在新时代,很多问题急需解决,而科学家们在解决这些问题中发挥着重要作用。文章还提到,其实每个人都可以通过努力成为某个领域的科学家。 13.D　推理判断题。根据第一段最后三句可知,第一段中提到的很多问题是为了说明科学家在解决这些问题中起着重要作用。故选D项。 14.C　细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知,解决这些问题需要新科技。故选C项。 15.B　推理判断题。根据第二段第二句可推断,多数人认为科学家的生活是无聊的。故选B项。 16.A　细节理解题。根据第三段第一句可知A项(由于军事技术,已经没有战争了)是错误的,故选A项。 Ⅵ.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了印刷机的发明者——约翰内斯·古腾堡,他被媒体评选为过去一千年里最重要的人物。 1.B　根据上文句意“你可能并不熟悉他”和下文句意“古腾堡因为发明了印刷机并且因此为印刷书籍做好了准备而得到赞扬”可知,B项(但是他肯定在一些方面影响了你的生活)起到过渡的作用。故选B项。 2.G　根据上文句意“1428年,他搬到斯特拉斯堡,在那里他生活了将近20年”可知,G项(正是在斯特拉斯堡,他可能第一次做了活字印刷实验)符合语境。故选G项。 3.F　根据上文句意“古腾堡用他在金属制品(加工)方面的技能来进行书籍的大批量生产”和下文句意“那就意味着每册书的复本都是人们精心手写的”可知,F项(在古腾堡的方法传播之前,书籍主要是手写的)符合上下文语境。故选F项。 4.D　根据空后的“Between 1450 and 1455”可知,D项(到1450年,古腾堡已回到美因茨致力于印刷机的制造)时间衔接自然,符合语境。故选D项。 5.E　根据上文句意“现代印刷机的发明改变了信息的传递方式”可知,E项(实际上,这项发明也对全世界的大众教育做出了很大贡献)衔接上句,进一步说明了这项发明的重要影响,符合上下文语境。故选E项。 15 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $