Unit 11 Conflict and compromise 阅读·久久为功-【新课程学案】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第四册教师用书word（北师大版）

附：《阅读·久久为功》 一、背主题名句，写大气文章 1．(教材名句)Only when all countries pursue the cause of common good, live in harmony, and engage in cooperation for mutual benefit will there be sustained prosperity and guaranteed security. —Report to the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China 只有各国行天下之大道，和睦相处，合作共赢，繁荣才能持久，安全才有保障。 ——中国共产党第二十次全国代表大会报告 2．(教材名句)Peace cannot be kept by force; it can only be achieved through understanding. —Albert Einstein 和平不能靠武力来维持，只有通过理解才能实现。——阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦 3．(教材名句)People like to say that the conflict is between good and evil.The real conflict is between truth and lies.—Don Miguel Ruiz 人们常说冲突是在善与恶之间。事实上，真正的冲突是在真理和谎言之间。——唐·米格尔·鲁伊斯 4．(教材名句)The softest things in the world overcome the hardest things in the world.—Laozi 天下之至柔，驰骋天下之至坚。——老子 5．People would rather have their fill of sleep, love, singing and dancing than of war.—Homer 人们应该充分拥有安睡、爱情、唱歌和跳舞，而不是战争。——荷马 6．War is the science of destruction.—Stevens 战争是破坏的科学。——斯提芬兹 7．The motto of war is: “Let the strong survive; let the weak die.” The motto of peace is：“Let the strong help the weak to survive.” —Franklin Roosevelt 战争的口号是“强者存而弱者亡”，和平的口号是“强者帮助弱者生存”。——富兰克林·罗斯福 8．War spares not the brave but the cowardly.—Anacreon 战争只会舍弃胆怯的人而不是勇敢的人。——阿克那里翁 二、课文不厌百遍读，书中自有“黄金屋” Lesson 1　Living in a Community(社区生活) Drummer Hits the Road(鼓手走人) Ma Ming, drummer for the rock band “Storm”， had to pack his bags.He moved out of his rented flat after complaints from his neighbours about disturbing the peace. Being single, Ma Ming often held parties at night, but the biggest problem was his tendency to drum late at night.Ma Ming's neighbours said they were being driven mad . The flat-owner said , he wouldn't have rented the flat to him. The neighbours quickly realised they were in trouble when he moved in.And from then on, they rarely got a full night's sleep.They couldn't relax or read a book without plugging their ears.One neighbour also claimed that Ma Ming had a bad influence on his teenage son. [课文对译] 摇滚乐队“暴风雨”的鼓手马明不得不收拾行李，搬出租用的公寓，因为邻居们投诉他扰乱社区的宁静。 马明是个单身汉，经常在晚上开派对，但最大的问题是他常常打鼓到深夜。邻居说他们都快被这样的噪声逼疯了。房东说他如果知道马明是个鼓手，就不会把房子租给他。马明一搬进来，邻居们就意识到麻烦来了。从那以后，他们很少能安安稳稳地睡一整晚。如果不堵住耳朵，他们就不能放松或看书。有个邻居还说，马明对他十几岁的儿子造成了不良影响。 [难句破解]　 句①：现在分词短语作原因状语。 句②：if引导与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句。 In the end, the community council took action.“We took a vote, and came to a resolution. We gave Ma Ming a warning. We told him that he ought to cease drumming or leave the property，” a council member said. “ and, after such a chorus of complaints, we had to take action.” Ma Ming's departure has pleased his neighbours.“Life will go back to normal now，” they said. [课文对译] 最后，居委会采取了行动。一位居委会成员说：“我们投票表决，达成了一项决议。警告马明，告诉他应该停止打鼓，否则就搬走。充足的睡眠对人们的健康很重要，收到这样的集体投诉，我们不得不采取行动。” 马明离开了，邻居都很高兴。“生活终于要恢复正常了，”他们说。 [难句破解]　句③：动名词短语作主语，谓语动词用单数。 For Ma Ming's version of the story, we found him in a hotel in Shanghai.Ma Ming felt that they were prejudiced against him. as “noise”.Otherwise he didn't really mind having to leave the flat.“Living in a hotel means the hotel staff makes the bed every day and I don't have to do my own washing! Anyhow, I'm now looking for a remote house on the edge of the city.” [课文对译] 我们在上海的一家酒店里找到了马明，想听听他对这个事件的看法。马明觉得邻居对自己有偏见，认为他的音乐是“噪声”，这是他的伤心之处。不过他并不介意离开公寓。“住在旅馆里就意味着每天都有服务员整理床铺，我也不必自己洗衣服！不过，我现在正在城郊找位置稍微偏僻一点的房子。” [难句破解]　句④：that引导同位语从句，解释说明fact的内容。 Grandpa Arrested After One Shower Too Many(洗了“大澡”而被捕的爷爷) Eighty-year-old retired tailor, James McKay, spent Saturday night in a cell after hitting 30-year-old Keith Smith over the head with his walking stick.McKay's wife, Laurene said that, ， he had been driven to this act of violence by literally getting wet just once too often.He could no longer tolerate it. [课文对译] 80岁的退休裁缝詹姆斯·迈奇，周六的晚上是在监狱里度过的，因为用拐杖打了30岁的基思·史密斯的头。迈奇的妻子劳瑞恩说，他平时是个平和、愉悦的人，是因为再三被淋湿，才会做出这种暴力的行为，他实在是忍无可忍了。 [难句破解]　句⑤：while引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管”。 Smith lives above the McKays.He is a keen gardener, and also a fish collector.Unfortunately, the water he sent over his balcony every day ended up on the McKays' floor, or too often，on the unsuspecting McKays themselves. “For the last two weeks, since Smith moved into the flat above us, we dared not go onto our balcony，” said Laurene. Smith watering his plants that bothered them, but also the way he cleaned his fish tanks.“We'd be above that we'd be as wet as if we had showered with our clothes on! We could hardly get rid of the smell of fish！” [课文对译] 史密斯住在迈奇家楼上。他热爱园艺，喜欢养鱼。但不幸的是，他每天在阳台上浇的水最后都落到迈奇家的地板上，也经常洒在毫无防备的迈奇夫妇身上。 劳瑞恩说：“过去两周，自从史密斯搬到楼上，我们都不敢去阳台了。”她还说，困扰他们的不仅是史密斯给植物浇水时洒到阳台上的水，还有他清理鱼缸的方式。“我们本来高兴地坐在阳台看报纸，突然间很多水从天而降，把我们都给浇湿了，就像穿着衣服洗了个澡一样！满身的鱼腥味，怎么也洗不掉！” [难句破解]　 句⑥：第一个that引导宾语从句，从句中又包含了强调句型；falling onto ...his plants是现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰the water；Smith watering his plants为动名词的复合结构作from的宾语。 句⑦：本句是由when连接的并列句。第一个并列分句中reading our newspapers是现在分词短语作伴随状语；第二个并列分句中包含so ... that ...结构；as if引导方式状语从句，从句中使用了虚拟语气；with our clothes on是with复合结构。 And on Saturday evening it was just too much.“It was James' birthday，” Laurene recalled, “and it was such a beautiful night to enjoy the starry night outside.I made him a birthday cake.The candles were a great sight as you can imagine, but James didn't get to blow them out.” Instead, Smith emptied one of his larger tanks over his balcony and both the McKays and the cake were wet through.“I have never seen him move so fast and I couldn't stop him.He was up there in a flash.” [课文对译] 这周六晚上实在是忍无可忍了。劳瑞恩回忆道：“那天是詹姆斯的生日，是个特别美丽的夜晚，可以坐在外面享受夜晚的星空。我给他做了个生日蛋糕，你可以想象点上蜡烛有多么漂亮，可詹姆斯却没能把蜡烛吹灭。”相反，史密斯从阳台上倒掉他的一个大鱼缸的水，将迈奇夫妇和蛋糕都浇透了。“我从没见过他动作那么快，根本没办法阻止，他一下子就冲到楼上去了。” Smith is not going to take things further with the police.He has also promised to change his ways from now on.And what of James McKay? As he left the police station, a large crowd of supporters sang him “Happy Birthday”．“Definitely the most exciting birthday ever！” said the cheerful old man.“The best since my youth, I'd say！” [课文对译] 史密斯不会让警方进一步追究这件事。他还承诺从现在开始改变他的习惯。而詹姆斯·迈奇呢？他离开警察局时，一大群支持者为他唱起了《生日快乐》歌。“这绝对是最激动人心的一次生日啦！”老人快乐地说道。“我得说，这是自打年轻以来最棒的一次生日！” Lesson 3　War Memories(战争回忆) Story A(故事A) Do Chuc is a 48-year-old Vietnamese farmer whose two daughters and aunt were killed by ① American soldiers in My Lai that day. He and his family were eating breakfast when the ② American soldiers entered the village and ordered all civilians out of their homes. Together with other villagers, they were marched a few hundred metres into the village square where they were told to sit.“Still we had no reason to be afraid，” Chuc remembered.“Everyone was calm.We'd seen it all before.” Then he watched in surprise as the soldiers set up a machine gun.The calm ended and panic set in.The people began weeping and praying.One man showed his identification papers to a soldier, but the American simply said, “Sorry.” Then the shooting started.Chuc was wounded in the leg and almost unconscious, but he was covered by a pile of dead bodies and thus, his life was saved.After waiting an hour, he fled the village. (Adapted from My Lai 4 by Seymour Hersh) [课文对译] 杜沙是48岁的越南农民，他的两个女儿和姑妈那一天在美莱村被美国士兵杀害。杜沙和家人正在吃早餐，这时美军士兵进村了，命令所有村民从家里出来。他们和其他村民一起，被带到几百米外的空地上，然后被要求坐下。“这我们没觉得有什么可怕的。”杜沙回忆道，“大家都很平静，我们之前也见过这样的场面。”但他惊讶地发现士兵们竟架起了机枪。平静结束了，恐慌开始了。人们开始哭泣、乞求。一名男子向士兵出示了他的身份证件，但那个美国人只是简单地说了声“对不起”。然后，扫射开始了。杜沙的腿受了伤，几乎不省人事，但他被一堆死尸覆盖，幸存下来。等了一个小时后，他逃离了村子。 (改编自西摩· 赫什的《美莱村四小时》) [难句破解]　 句①：whose引导定语从句，修饰先行词farmer。 句②：本句含有be doing ...when ...固定句式，意为“正在做……这时(突然)……” Story B(故事B) We were on the frontier and on Christmas morning we stuck up a board displaying . The enemy had stuck up a similar one.Two of our men then threw their equipment off and climbed out of the trench with their hands above their heads as our representatives.Two of the Germans did the same.They greeted each other and shook hands.Then we all got out of the trench.Bill (our officer) tried to prevent it but it was too late, so he and the other officers climbed out, too.We, and the Germans, walked through the mud and met in the middle of no-man's land. [课文对译] 那时我们在前线。圣诞节早晨我们竖起一块牌子，上面写着“圣诞快乐”。敌人也竖起了一块差不多的牌子。然后，我们的两名士兵脱下装备，爬出战壕，双手举过头顶，作为我方代表。两名德军士兵也这样做了。他们互相打招呼并握手，然后我们所有人都走出战壕。比尔(我们的军官)试图阻止这一切，但为时已晚，因此他和其他军官也都爬了出来。我们和德国人穿过泥泞，在无人地带中间相聚。 [难句破解]　 句③：现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰a board。 We spent all day with one another.Some of them could speak English.By the look of them, their trenches were in as bad a state as our own. One of their men, speaking in English, said that he had be glad when it was over. We told him he wasn't the only one who was fed up with it.The German officer asked Bill if we would like some beer and they brought it over to us.Bill distributed the beer among us and we consumed a lot. celebrate Christmas in temporary peace until midnight. [课文对译] 我们一起待了一整天。他们中有些人会说英语。从样子上可以看出，他们的战壕和我们的一样糟糕。他们中的一个人用英语说，他在英国工作过几年，受够了这场战争，如果战争结束，他会很高兴。我们告诉他，我们也同样受够了这场战争。德国军官问比尔要不要来点儿啤酒，他们拿过来送给我们。比尔把啤酒分给大家，我们喝了很多。双方军官达成共识，午夜之前我们将暂时和平地庆祝圣诞节。 [难句破解]　 句④：speaking in English是现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰One of their men；said后接两个宾语从句，第二个that不能省略。 句⑤：that引导同位语从句，解释说明understanding的内容。 Just before midnight, we all decided not to start firing before they did.We'd formed a bond and during the whole of Boxing Day, we never fired a shot and they the same; each side seemed to be waiting for the other to set the ball rolling.One of their men shouted across in English and asked how we had enjoyed the beer.We replied that we were very grateful and spent the whole day chatting with them.That evening we were replaced by other soldiers. (Adapted from Old Soldiers Never Die by Frank Richards) [课文对译] 临近午夜，我们都决定在对方开枪之前不先开枪。我们达成了一种默契，整个节礼日，我们都没有开过一枪，他们也一样；双方似乎都在等对方先开火。他们中的一个人用英语大喊，问我们啤酒怎么样，我们回答说非常感谢他们的啤酒，接下来一整天双方都在聊天。那天晚上，我们被其他部队替换下来了。 (改编自弗兰克· 理查兹的《老兵永生》) Story C(故事C) I got a phone call from the chief nurse, saying, “You've got a patient there who is going to get an award.Make sure that the ward looks good.” This really turned me off to begin with, “Let's clean up the ward because we've got VIPs coming in.” Well, the VIPs happened to be a general and a group of about a dozen people.It was this patient's second visit to us and this time he'd had both his legs blown off — he was all of about 20 years old.When he was waking up after the surgeon had finished, he whispered, “Don't you remember me, ma'am？” I said, “Oh yeah！” But really I didn't because there were so many of them.The general was coming to give him the award because he happened to be number 20,000 .They had this little ceremony, where they presented him with a Purple Heart and a watch.As the general handed him the watch, “from the army, to show our appreciation，” the kid more or less threw the watch back at him.He said something like, “I can't accept this, sir; it's not going to help me walk.” After this little incident, I went over and took him in my arms.If I remember correctly, I started sobbing and I think he was crying, too.I really admired him for that. see what I felt. It took a lot for him to do that, and it sort of said what this war was all about to me. (Adapted from A Piece of My Heart by Keith Walker) [课文对译] 我接到护士长的电话，她说：“你那儿有个病人要得奖了，务必确保病房干净整洁。”这一开始就让我很反感。“我们打扫病房吧，因为有贵宾要来。”嗯，贵宾是一名将军和十几号人的随从。这是这位病人第二次来到我们这里，而这次他的双腿都被炸没了——他也就才二十几岁。做完手术后他苏醒过来，小声说：“你不记得我了吗，女士？”我说：“哦，当然记得你！”但其实我对他没有印象，因为这里的伤员太多了。将军是来给他颁奖的，因为他正好是这家医院的第2万个病人。他们举行了一个小小的仪式，给他颁发一枚紫心勋章和一块手表。将军把那块“来自军队，象征我们的感谢”的表递给他时，那孩子几乎是把表扔了回去。他说了几句话，大概意思是“长官，我不能要这块表，因为它不能帮我走路。”这件小插曲之后，我走过去把他搂在怀里。如果我没记错的话，我哭了，我记得他应该也哭了。我真的很佩服他能说出那样的话。那也是我唯一一次流露自己真实的感受。他那么做是很需要勇气的，这也多少反映了我对这场战争的看法。 (改编自凯斯·沃克的《心之彼方》) [难句破解]　 句⑥：动词不定式短语作定语，修饰number 20,000。 句⑦：I let ... felt是省略关系词的定语从句，修饰先行词time；what I felt是宾语从句，作动词see的宾语。 三、词汇记忆无诀窍，适时“回首”记得牢 Topic Talk 1．negotiate vi. & vt.　　　　 谈判，协商 拓展|negotiation n. 谈判；磋商；协商 2．compromise n. 折中，妥协 3．inquire vi. & vt. 询问，打听 4．resolve vt. 解决(问题、困难) 拓展 5．annoying adj. 讨厌的，令人气恼的 拓展 6．inconvenience n. 不便，麻烦 拓展|inconvenient adj. 不便的；打扰的 7．detect vt. 发现，察觉 8．somewhat adv. 有点，有几分 联想|somehow adv. 以某种方式，用某种方法 9．ashamed adj. 内疚的，惭愧的 搭配|be ashamed of 为……感到惭愧 10．maturity n. 成熟 拓展|mature adj. 成熟的 11．monitor vt. 监督；监视；监测，检测 　 n. 显示器，监视器 12．self-control n. 自制力；自我控制 13．assign vt. 分配，分派，指派(任务) 拓展|assignment n. 分配；任务；作业；功课 Lesson 1 1．tank n. (储存液体或气体的)箱，罐 2．plug vt. 把……塞住，堵塞；填塞 3．drummer n. 鼓手 拓展 4．pack vi.& vt. 打包 n. 包，包裹 5．complaint n. 投诉 拓展|complain vi. 抱怨，埋怨；投诉；发牢骚 6．vote n. 投票(指行为)；票数 7．warning n. 警告，警示；告诫 拓展|warn vt. 警告，提醒；通知 8．cease vi. & vt. 停止，终止，结束 9．property n. 房产；所有物；财产 10．chorus n. 齐声；副歌；合唱团 11．departure n. 离开，起程 拓展|depart v. 离开 12．prejudiced adj. 有偏见的，有成见的，歧视的 拓展|prejudice n. 偏见 13．bitter adj. 愤愤不平的；带来痛苦的，令人难过的；苦的 反义|sweet adj. 甜的；善良的 14．anyhow adv. (非正式)尽管如此；至少 15．remote adj. 偏僻的，偏远的 16．edge n. 边缘，外围 搭配|on the edge of 几乎；濒于；在……边缘 17．arrest vt. 逮捕，拘捕；抑制；阻止 18．tailor n. (男装)裁缝 19．pleasant adj. 礼貌而友善的，和蔼可亲的 拓展 20．violence n. 暴力行为，暴力 拓展 21．literally adv. 确实地 22．tolerate vt. 忍受；忍耐；容忍，容许；宽容 拓展 23．keen adj. 着迷的，有强烈兴趣的 搭配|be keen on 喜爱；渴望 24．balcony n. 阳台 25．unsuspecting adj. 无提防之心的，无疑心的 拓展 26．bother vi. & vt .(使)担心，(使)生气，(使)苦恼 拓展|bothered adj. 烦(恼)的；感到讨厌的 27．recall vi. & vt. 回想，回忆起 Lesson 2 1．withdraw vi. & vt. (使)退出(活动、组织等) 2．firmly adv. 坚定地，坚决地 拓展|firm adj. 坚定的，坚决的 Lesson 3 1．soldier n. 士兵，军人 2．bomb n. 炸弹 3．general n. 将军，上将 4．trench n. 战壕，堑壕 5．frontier n. 国界，边境 6．murder n. 谋杀，凶杀；谋杀罪 拓展|murderer n. 凶手，谋杀犯 7．border n. 国界，边界；边境地区 8．flee vi. & vt. 逃离，逃走 9．weep vi. & vt. 哭泣，流(泪) 近义|sob v. 啜泣；呜咽 10．civilian n. 平民，老百姓 11．machine gun 机关枪 12．panic n. 惊恐，惶恐，惊慌 13．pray vi. & vt. 祈求；祈祷 14．identification n. 身份证明(文件) 拓展|identify vt.& vi. 确定；鉴定；识别，辨认出 15．pile n. 一大堆 搭配|piles of 成堆；一大堆 16．display vt. 展示，陈列 搭配|on display 陈列；展出 17．representative n. 代表，代理人 拓展 18．greet vt. 问候，迎接，招呼 19．mud n. 泥，烂泥 拓展|muddy adj. 泥泞的 20．distribute vt. 分发，分配，分送 拓展 21．temporary adj. 暂时的，临时的；短期的 22．midnight n. 子夜，午夜 23．ward n. 病房 24．dozen num. 一打 搭配|dozens of 许多；几十个 25．surgeon n. 外科医生 26．ceremony n. 仪式，典礼 27．appreciation n. 感激 拓展|appreciate vt. 欣赏；感激；领会 28．incident n. 事件 联想|accident n. 交通事故，车祸 Writing Workshop 1．ban vt. 禁止，取缔 n. 禁令，禁止 2．tobacco n. 烟叶，烟草 3．cigarette n. 香烟 4．alcohol n. 含酒精饮品；酒 5．fried adj. 油炸的，油煎的 拓展 6．harm vt.　　　　　　　 伤害 n. 损害，危害 拓展 7．desirable adj. 理想的，值得拥有的；值得做的 拓展 8．obesity n. 肥胖(症) 9．tax n. 税，税款 10．false adj. 不正确的，错的；假的，不真实的 反义|true adj. 真实的；正确的 11．invest vi. & vt. 投资 拓展|investment n. 投资；投入 12．conclude vt. 作出结论，推断出 拓展|conclusion n. 结论；结局；推论 13．beneficial adj. 有利的，有帮助的，有用的 拓展 Reading Club 1&2 1．sacred adj. 神圣的 2．permanent adj. 永久的，长久的 3．recovery n. 康复，痊愈 拓展|recover v. 康复 4．loose adj. 松的；宽大的 反义|tight adj. 紧的；紧身的 5．carpet n. 地毯 6．ankle n. 脚踝 7．greed n. 贪欲，贪婪 拓展|greedy adj. 贪婪的 8．request n．& vt. 请求，要求 四、范文佳作多背诵，写作增分最实用 (一)单元写作任务范文背诵 写作话题 1　同学矛盾 假定你是李华，最近你的朋友Chris和他的同桌产生了一些矛盾，感到很苦恼，写信向你求助。请你给他回信，内容包括： 1．表达安慰；　2.提出建议。 注意：1.写作词数应为80个左右； 2．请按如下格式作答。 Dear Chris， ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ Yours， Li Hua [推荐范文] Dear Chris， I'm more than sorry to hear that you and your deskmate argued recently, which makes you unhappy.I'd like to share some of my opinions with you. As we know, it's common for teenagers to have misunderstandings with our friends.You don't need to worry about it for too long.When facing the unpleasant experience, firstly, we'd better have a face-to-face talk about the problem and figure out how to deal with it.Secondly, be generous.Make an apology if necessary.After all, friendship is maintained by one another. Hoping you two will get on well with each other and enjoy your school days. Yours， Li Hua 写作话题 2　改善家庭关系 假定你是李华，最近你的英国朋友Leo在与父母相处的过程中遇到一些麻烦，沟通出现问题。他心情不佳，来信寻求你的帮助和建议。请你给他写一封回信，内容包括： 1．表示理解并安慰； 2．提出改善家庭关系的建议。 注意：1.写作词数应为80个左右； 2．请按如下格式作答。 Dear Leo， _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ Yours， Li Hua [推荐范文] Dear Leo， I am sorry to hear about your communication problems with your parents, but I know how you feel since I've had similar problems before. Here are my suggestions and I hope things can get better soon. First, let's put ourselves in their shoes. Parents love us and often try to prevent us from making mistakes that seem obvious to them. Second, when we share our problems with them, we often look for a listening ear and an open heart, not a solution. So, what you need to do is to tell them about this difference and put trust in them so that they will keep this in mind. I hope these suggestions will help you. Yours， Li Hua (二)单元主题优美语段背诵 语段1　解决家庭难题 I understood immediately what my parents were worried about. I knew that truck always broke down and brought a lot of trouble to my dad. My parents had intended to buy a new truck but couldn't get enough money to afford it. Suddenly, I realized what I should do.Holding the money, I said, “Dad, here is what I got for my work.I hope it would help.”Surprised at what I did, my mom hugged me tightly. That night, before I went to bed, I decided to continue my work if I could. 我立刻明白了父母在担心什么。我知道那辆卡车总是出故障，给爸爸带来很多麻烦。我父母本来打算买一辆新卡车，但因为没有足够的钱而买不起。突然，我意识到我应该做什么了。我拿着钱说：“爸爸，这是我的工作报酬。我希望这能有所帮助。”妈妈对我的行为感到惊讶，紧紧地拥抱了我。那天晚上，在我上床睡觉之前，我决定，如果可以的话我会继续我的工作。 语段2　恢复友谊 One day, when they met again, Tom's eyes were filled with sadness. “I really regret what happened between us，” he said. “If only I could turn back time.” Mary, looking at him with mixed feelings, replied, “We should learn from this and move on.” As she said this, tears rolled down her cheeks. 一天，当他们再次相遇时，汤姆的眼里充满了悲伤。“我真的很后悔我们之间发生的事，”他说，“要是我能让时间倒流就好了。”玛丽带着复杂的心情看着他，回答道：“我们应该从这当中吸取教训，然后继续前进。”当她这么说的时候，眼泪从她脸颊滚落下来。 五、主题集群阅读，拓展主题认知 时尚悦读(一)　诺曼底登陆 By spring 1944, the Second World War had been raging across the globe for about five years.But along the south coast of England, something unusual was happening: Allied troops made up mainly of British, Canadian and American soldiers were gathering in large numbers.This marked one of the final stages of a top-secret operation that had been months, perhaps years, in the planning. Code-named “Operation Overlord”， it was the largest combined sea, air and land operation in history, the aim being to free north-west Europe from German occupation.After waiting for the perfect combination of weather, moon and tides, the date for the start of Operation Overlord was set for 6 June. An order issued by Supreme Allied Commander General Eisenhower to the troops read: “Your task will not be an easy one.Your enemy is well trained, well equipped and battle-hardened ... But this is the year 1944 ...The tide has turned! The free men of the world are marching together to Victory! I have full confidence in your courage, devotion to duty and skill in battle.We will accept nothing less than full Victory！” D-Day. At dawn on 6 June, thousands landed by parachute behind enemy lines in northern France.Meanwhile, thousands more were journeying across the English Channel to Normandy, protected by fighter planes in the skies above them.Their objective was clear: to reach the Normandy beaches along about 80 kilometres of French coastline.But even in the depths of war, few could have been prepared for the violence and horror they would experience there. The fiercest fighting was at Omaha Beach.The enemy were hiding, ready to attack the Allied soldiers even before they reached land. make it to the beach faced heavy machine gunfire. By mid-morning, hundreds lay dead in the water and amongst the tanks on the beach. One soldier recalled how he barely made it with bombs falling all around him: “I was the first one out.The seventh man was the next one to get across the beach without being hit.All the ones in between were hit.Two were killed; three were injured. That's how lucky you had to be.” But, despite the high cost in human life, the D-Day landings were a success and were seen widely as the beginning of the end of the Second World War.By the end of August 1944, the Allies had reached the River Seine, Paris was liberated and the Germans had been removed from north-west France.The Allied forces then prepared to enter Germany, with the Soviet military moving in from the east. Channel，where people were coming together for memorial ceremonies. As part of this solemn and moving occasion, a former soldier read out to the crowd these lines from the poem For the Fallen, by Laurence Binyon： They shall grow not old, as we that are left grow old： Age shall not weary them, nor the years condemn. At the going down of the sun and in the morning We will remember them. Survivors of the D-Day landings continue to meet to remember the fellow soldiers and friends they lost that day. courage mean that we will always remember them — as well as those who lost their lives on the beaches of northern France. [难句破解]　 句①：With these words ringing in their ears 是 with 复合结构，在句中作状语；what引导宾语从句，what 在从句中作主语。 句②：while连接两个并列分句，while表示对比，意为“而，然而”。第二个分句中who引导定语从句，修饰先行词 those；did用来强调定语从句中的谓语make it。 句③：where引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 Germany。moving in from the east 为现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰the Soviet military。 句④：where引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 both sides of the English Channel。主句中 who 引导定语从句，修饰先行词 men。 句⑤：Although引导让步状语从句；主句中that 引导宾语从句；who 引导定语从句，修饰先行词 those。 [助读译文] 1944年春天，第二次世界大战的战火已经席卷全球大约五年之久。但是在英格兰的南部海岸正发生着不寻常的事情：由英国、加拿大和美国士兵组成的盟军正在大量聚集。这标志着一场计划了数月，甚至可能是数年的绝密行动终于进入了最后阶段。这次作战行动的代号为“霸王行动”，它是历史上规模最大的海、陆、空三方力量集结的行动，目的是解放德国占领的欧洲西北部地区。在确保天气、月亮和潮水三者达到最佳结合点后，“霸王行动”最终定在了6月6日。 盟军最高司令艾森豪威尔将军在鼓舞军队士气时说道：“你们的任务将不会轻松。敌人训练有素、武器精良，而且久经沙场……但今年是1944年……时局已经发生转变！全世界自由的人们正在一起向胜利前进！我对你们的勇气、责任心和作战能力十分有信心。我们将迎接的只会是彻底的胜利！” 盟军士兵耳中回荡着这些话语，做好了登陆诺曼底的准备。6月6日清晨，数千名士兵在法国北部空降在敌人后方。与此同时，更有数千名士兵在战斗机的保护下，穿越英吉利海峡，在诺曼底登陆。他们的目标十分明确：到达法国海岸线约80千米外的诺曼底海滩。但就算是深陷战争，也很少有人能够做好准备，面临即将发生的残暴和恐怖。 奥马哈海滩的情况最不容乐观。敌人藏身于各个地方，准备在盟军登陆前就开始进攻。船被击翻，一些人落水而亡，而那些成功登陆的人面对的则是机关枪的猛烈扫射。上午10点左右已有上百人在水中或在海滩上的坦克之间阵亡。一名士兵事后回忆他是如何在轰炸中侥幸脱险的：“我是第一个冲出来的人，第七个冲出来的士兵是第二个穿过海滩没有被击中的，我俩之间的士兵全被击中了，其中有两人死亡，三人受伤。真的是要有天大的幸运才能躲过这一劫。” 尽管伤亡惨重，诺曼底登陆还是取得了成功，并且被人们普遍视为第二次世界大战结束的开端。在1944年8月底，盟军抵达塞纳河，解放了巴黎，从法国西北部赶走了德国人。之后盟军准备进攻德国，而苏联军队也正从德国东部攻入，两军相遇。 70年后，曾在诺曼底登陆中奋战的将士聚集在英吉利海峡两岸，人们共同参加纪念仪式。在庄重感人的仪式上，一位当时参战的老兵向众人朗诵了劳伦斯·比尼恩《谨献给阵亡将士》一诗中的一段： 我们会日渐衰老，但他们永远不会老去， 他们永远不为年龄所难，永远不为岁月所累。 每当夕阳西下，每当清晨来临， 我们都会想起他们。 诺曼底登陆的幸存者每年都会相聚并纪念他们在登陆那天失去的战友和朋友。虽然每年相聚的人越来越少，但他们的英勇壮举将会让我们永远铭记他们，以及那些在法国北部海滩上阵亡的士兵。 时尚悦读(二)　联大：一个充满热情、信念和奉献的地方 Throughout history, the great thinkers of the world have often rather romantically referred to their academic struggles as being like “war”．However, for most of them, the “war” has been purely symbolic.Real war is never romantic as it brings suffering and immense challenges. In 1937, the aggression of the Japanese army brought disaster to China's three great universities: Peking University and Tsinghua University were occupied by Japanese troops, while Nankai University was completely destroyed by bombing.To save their educational and intellectual heritage, the three universities joined together in Kunming as National Southwest Associated University, otherwise known as Lianda. Professors and students alike in the three universities made an epic journey over a distance of more than 2,000 kilometres, most of them on foot.Their bed was the dusty road and their roof was the open sky, often lit up by exploding Japanese bombs.Conditions were little better once they .They had to live in rough buildings, packed 40 to a room, like sardines.There were dire shortages of food, books, and equipment.Furthermore, classes were frequently disrupted due to fierce air attacks and often had to be held before 10 am and after 4 pm. However, despite the immense hardships and the daunting challenges, it was right in this place, fortified by the passion and belief of the worthy academics of Lianda. It is no wonder that many, if not most, of China's leading scholars and scientists emerged at Lianda, including the two Nobel Prize-winning physicists, Yang Zhenning and Li Zhengdao.“Lianda laid the foundation for every achievement I have made，” Yang recalled.He still remembers learning in a temporary classroom that had no glass in the windows.“On windy days, we had to hold down the paper on the desk, ，” he said. With the country at war, students at Lianda were not going to shirk their duty.Driven by a sense of commitment, a great many joined the army to resist the Japanese invaders and defend the honour of the nation. In fact, Lianda provided the largest number of student-soldiers from any campus in China. Of the thousands of college students from all over China who served as interpreters, one tenth were from Lianda, including the well-known translators Zha Liangzheng and Xu Yuanchong.Zha later depicted the contributions of his peers in a poem： Softly, on the hillside forgotten by all， A misty rain falls in a gentle breeze； There is no trace of the footprints of history； Where brave souls once stood, breathing new life into the trees. A product of the war, Lianda is now physically gone.But it has become the crowning glory of China's modern universities, not only because of its prominent professors and talented students, but also because of the school's strong spirit of perseverance and dedication.In 2017，representatives from Peking University, Tsinghua University, Nankai University and Yunnan Normal University gathered to commemorate the 80th anniversary of its founding. More than eighty years on, the priceless contribution of Lianda still needs to be reaffirmed.It has become part of the collective memory of the Chinese nation, with its spirit as the blueprint for all universities in China in the modern era. [难句破解]　 句①：once用作连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“当……时候”。 句②：本句中包含了强调句型，强调地点状语 right in this place 和时间状语 over a period of eight long years；还包含了 not only ... but (also) ...结构。 句③：which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the paper。 [助读译文] 纵观历史，世界上伟大的思想家们常常以一种浪漫的说法把他们的学术之争比喻为“战争”。然而，对他们中的大多数人来说，“战争”一词纯粹是象征性的。真正的战争从来不是浪漫的，因为它会带来痛苦和巨大的挑战。 1937年，日军的侵略给中国三所著名大学带来了灾难：北京大学和清华大学被日本军队占领，南开大学被彻底炸毁。为了保护教育和知识遗产，这三所大学在昆明联合成立了国立西南联合大学，简称联大。 这三所大学的教授和学生们完成了一次长达2 000多千米的漫长而艰辛的行程，他们中的大部分人都是徒步完成的。他们以尘土飞扬的道路为床，以开阔的、经常被日军的炸弹照亮的天空为屋顶。到了中国西南部的偏远山区后，情况也没有好多少。他们不得不住在简陋的房子里，40个人像沙丁鱼一样挤在一间屋子里，食物、书籍和设备严重短缺。此外，由于猛烈的空袭，课堂经常中断，因此上课时间往往在上午10点前和下午4点后。 然而，尽管面临着巨大的困难和艰巨的挑战，在这个地方，经过八年漫长的岁月，国家的知识遗产不仅得到了保护，还得到了强化，这些都归功于联大杰出学者们的热情和信念。难怪即使不是大多数，但也有许多中国领先的学者和科学家都是联大出身，包括两位诺贝尔奖得主，物理学家杨振宁和李政道。“联大为我所取得的每项成就奠定了基础。”杨振宁回忆道。他还记得在一间窗户没有玻璃的临时教室里学习。“在刮风的日子里，我们不得不把纸按在桌子上，否则纸就会被风吹走。”他说。 国家正处于战争状态，联大的学生们不会逃避他们的责任。在献身精神的驱使下，许多人参军抵抗日本侵略者，保卫国家的荣誉。事实上，联大输送的学生士兵的数量是中国所有校园中最多的。在来自全国各地担任翻译的数千名大学生中，有十分之一的人来自联大，其中包括著名的翻译家查良铮和许渊冲。查良铮后来在一首诗中描述了他的同龄人所做的贡献： 静静的，在那被遗忘的山坡上， 还下着密雨，还吹着细风， 没有人知道历史曾在此走过， 留下了英灵化入树干而滋生。 作为战争的产物，联大现在已经不复存在。但它已经成为中国现代大学的最高荣耀，这不仅仅是因为那些杰出的教授和才华横溢的学生，也因为联大坚韧不拔和勇于奉献的精神。2017年，北京大学、清华大学、南开大学和云南师范大学的代表们齐聚一堂，共同纪念联大建校80周年。 尽管已经历经80多年，联大做出的无价贡献仍值得重申。它已成为中华民族集体记忆的一部分，联大精神更是描绘了现代中国所有大学的蓝图。 100 / 100 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $