Unit 11 Section 4 Focus on Language：Modal Verbs-【新课程学案】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第四册教师用书word（北师大版）

Section 4　 Focus on Language：Modal Verbs 课时目标 1.在文本中理解情态动词的意义和用法。 2.在语境中使用恰当的情态动词进行表达。 语境中体悟　 Tom ①could have got to school on time yesterday morning, but he was held up on the way to school in a heavy traffic jam. “Tom, you ②should have said sorry to me for coming late，” said Mr Smith. “I ③must be too eager to go into the classroom.I ④can't be too sorry for my coming late！” said Tom. “Oh, I ⑤must have left my English textbook at home, after I finished my homework last night，” said Tom.“⑥Shall I share it with my classmate？” “OK, you ⑦may/might as well bring your own textbook next time, but for this time you ⑧can share it with your deskmate，” said Mr Smith.“Now, class, ⑨would you please turn to page 11? ⑩Shall we begin our lesson？” [语法入门] ①处could have done表示本来可以做某事，但实际上没做； ②处should have done 表示本来应该做某事，但实际上没做； ③处must表示肯定推测； ④处can't be too表示无论怎么样都不为过； ⑤处must have done表示对过去事实的肯定推测； ⑥⑩处shall表示征求意见； ⑦处may/might as well意为“不妨；倒不如”； ⑧处can表示许可； ⑨处would表示要求。 学案中理清　 [自主感知] ①(教材典句)They couldn't relax or read a book without plugging their ears. ②(教材典句)We told him that he ought to cease drumming or leave the property. ③(教材典句)Ma Ming, drummer for the rock band “Storm”， had to pack his bags. ④(教材典句)“For the last two weeks, since Smith moved into the flat above us, we dared not go onto our balcony，” said Laurene. ⑤(教材典句) The candles were a great sight as you can imagine, but James didn't get to blow them out. ⑥Since nobody could help Mary with her study, she must have finished it by herself. [我的发现] 通过以上例句，你能归纳出句中情态动词的含义吗？ [规则点拨] 一、情态动词的概念及特征 情态动词表示说话人的某种情感或语气，对某一动作或状态的某种态度，表示需要、可能、必须、应该等。 情态动词有以下特征： 1．在形式上，大多数情态动词没有实义动词的各种变化(have to除外)，有的情态动词有过去式。 2．在意义上，大多数情态动词有多个意义，如can可以表达“能力”“可能”“许可”等。 3．在用法上，情态动词须同不带 to的动词不定式(have to、 ought to、 used to除外)连用，构成复合谓语。 二、情态动词的基本用法 1．can/could (1)表示能力，意为“能，会”。 The smallest good habits can make a big difference. 最小的好习惯会产生很大的作用。 It was several minutes before I could take in what he said. 过了好几分钟，我才理解他说的是什么。 (2)表示推测，意为“可能”，用于否定句或疑问句中。can比could语气强。 This can't/couldn't be done by him. 这件事不可能是他做的。 (3)表示请求或许可。在疑问句中可以用could代替can，语气更委婉。 Could I use your phone, please? 我可以用一下你的电话吗？ (4)表示理论上的可能性。 Always believe that good things are possible, and remember that mistakes can be lessons that lead to discoveries.要始终相信美好的事物是可能的，记住失误也会变成经验教训，从而获得更多发现。 (5)用于否定句和疑问句，表示惊异、怀疑、不相信等态度。 He can't/couldn't do this. 他不可能这样做。(表示不相信) Can this be done by him? 这可能是他做的吗？(表示疑惑、惊讶) (6)用于固定结构中 ①can't ...too/enough表示“无论……也不过分；越……越好”。 You can't be too careful while driving. 你开车时越小心越好。 ②can't help doing sth.表示“禁不住做某事”。 Hearing this story, I couldn't help laughing. 听到这个故事，我禁不住大笑起来。 |名|师|点|津|　can和be able to都可以表示能力，二者有时可互换。但be able to可以表示“终于做成某事”，有更多时态和人称的变化，且可与某些情态动词或系动词连用，如might、 ought to、 seem等，还可用非谓语动词形式。 　If you have a good sleep, you will be able to work out this problem. 如果你睡个好觉，那么你就能做出这道题。 He seemed to be able to put complicated thoughts into simple words. 他似乎能把复杂的思想用简单的话语说出来。 She grasped my hand, not being able to say anything. 她抓着我的手，什么话也说不出来。 [对点练]　(根据句意填入适当的情态动词或其否定式) ①That can't be Mary, for she is in hospital. ②Could you please do me a favor? ③You can tell a lot about a man by how he treats his dogs. ④—Can this book be yours? —No, it can't be mine.It must be his. 2．may/might (1)表示请求或许可。在疑问句中，might可以代替may，语气更加委婉。 May I ask if you are fond of traveling by ship? 我可以问一下你是否喜欢乘船旅行？ Might I borrow your computer? 我可以借一下你的电脑吗？ (2)表示可能性，可以对过去、现在或将来进行推测，通常用于肯定句和否定句。might比may语气弱。 Parents may scold their children when their rooms are untidy but they should also understand that their rooms are their own private space. 当孩子们的房间不整洁时，父母也许会责骂孩子。但他们也应该理解，孩子们的房间是他们的私人空间。 If you forgot to turn it off when you went away, you might burn down the house. 如果你离开时忘记关掉它，你可能会把整个房子都烧毁。 (3)表示祝愿，常用结构为“May＋主语＋动词原形！”。 May you succeed! 祝你成功！ (4)用于固定结构中：“may/might as well＋动词原形”意为“不妨，倒不如”。 Since it is raining hard, you may as well stay here. 既然雨下得这么大，你倒不如待在这儿。 [对点练]　(根据句意填入适当的情态动词) ①(2025·浙江1月高考)Filming short videos may affect the learning environment and disturb both teachers and fellow students. ②He may have been to some of those places, but I am not sure. ③Might I have a look at your new computer? 3．must/have to (1)must的用法 ①表示义务，意为“必须”(主观意志)。回答must构成的一般疑问句时，若是否定回答，一般不用mustn't，而用needn't或是don't have to，因为mustn't意为“绝不能，一定不要”，而没有“不必”的意思。 Men and women must be treated equally in education and employment. 在教育和就业方面，男性和女性必须被平等对待。 ②must常用于肯定句中，表示猜测、推测，意为“想必，一定”。其具体用法如下： must do 对现在或未来的事进行猜测 must be doing 对正在进行的事进行猜测 must have done 对已经发生的事进行猜测 I think the old woman must be a nice person. 我认为这位老太太一定是个好人。 Hurry up! They must be waiting for us now. 快点！他们现在一定正在等我们。 ③用于否定句中，表示禁止。 Smoking must not be allowed in the office. 严禁在办公室吸烟。 ④表示“偏要，非要……不可”。 Must you make so loud noise? 你非得弄出这么大声吗？ (2)have to的用法 have to表示由于某种客观原因而不得不做某事。除此以外，have to自身有人称和时态的变化。 I'd also like to know how much I have to pay for the course. 我还想了解一下我得为这门课程付多少钱。 It was then that I started to appreciate the tough choices she had to make on balancing family and work.就是在那时，我开始欣赏她在平衡家庭和工作方面所做出的艰难选择。 [对点练]　(选词填空：must/mustn't/don't have to) ①You must be Carol.You haven't changed a bit after all these years. ②The new law states that people mustn't drive after drinking alcohol. ③You don't_have_to buy a gift, but you can if you want to. ④John, look at the time.Must you play the piano at such a late hour? 4．shall (1)用于第一、三人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请示。 Shall the driver wait outside? 司机在外面等着可以吗？ (2)用于第二、三人称陈述句中，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺、威胁等。 I promised he shall get a present for his birthday. 我许诺他会得到一件生日礼物。 (3)用于条约、规定、法令、法律等，意为“必须”。 It has been announced that candidates shall remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected. 已经声明过，在所有试卷收上来之前，考生必须待在座位上。 5．should/ought to (1)表示责任、义务、劝告、建议等，意为“应该”。 表示责任或义务时，ought to等同于should，只是前者的语气稍重。 Why shouldn't we buy the lady a flower? It will make her feel better. 我们为什么不给那位女士买一朵花呢？这会让她感觉好一些。 You ought not to be so selfish. 你不应该这么自私。 (2)should表示出乎预料的口气，意为“竟然；居然”。 That he should speak to you like that is quite astonishing. 他竟然那样对你说话，真是令人惊讶。 (3)should和ought to表示推测，指预期的可能性，意为“应该，估计”。 He ought to/should be here on time — he started early enough. 他应该按时到这里的——他很早就出发了。 [对点练]　(选词填空：shall/should/ought to) ①In my opinion, whenever in trouble, we should/ought_to seek help from those we trust most. ②—I haven't got the reference book yet, but I'll have a test on the subject next month. —Don't worry.You shall have it by Friday. ③It's strange that he should have taken the books without the owner's permission. 6．will/would (1)表示自愿或主动提出做什么，如意志、愿望或决定等。will指现在，would指过去。 —Can someone fetch some water? —I will. ——有人能去取点水来吗？ ——我去。 (2)表示请求或要求，would比will更客气、委婉。而在句末用won't you表达邀请的语气。 Would you mind opening the window for me? 你介意帮我打开窗户吗？ (3)will表示规律性的“注定会”。 Wearing proper clothes is important too, for locals will judge you by what you wear. 穿合适的衣服也很重要，因为当地人会根据你的穿着来评判你。 [对点练]　(选词填空：will/would) ①I still remember my happy childhood when my mother would take me to Disneyland at weekends. ②—Daddy, can you buy me a new computer when you go to Beijing? —You will get one if you are admitted to a key middle school. 7．need/dare need和dare既可用作情态动词，也可用作实义动词。用作情态动词时，主要用于否定句和疑问句中；用作实义动词时，可用于各种时态。 (1)用作情态动词 —Are you coming with me? —I can't, Alice.I daren't. ——你要和我一起去吗？ ——不行，爱丽丝。我不敢。 It's quite warm here; we needn't turn the heating on yet. 这里很暖和。我们不必开暖气。 (2)用作实义动词 You don't need to do it yourself. 你不必亲自做这件事。 Most people hate Harry but they don't dare to say so.大多数人对哈利敢怒不敢言。 [对点练]　(单句语法填空) ①He dares to_challenge (challenge) all kinds of difficulties. ②My room is in a mess, but I needn't clean (clean) it before I go out tonight.I can do it in the morning. ③—Need I hand in the application now? —Yes, you must. /No, you needn't. 三、“情态动词＋have done”的用法 1．对过去发生的事情或状态进行推测 must have done “(过去)一定做过……”，语气比较肯定，用于肯定句 may/might have done “(过去)可能做过……”，语气不确定，用于肯定句和否定句 can/could have done 用于否定句和疑问句，表示怀疑或不确定 Looking at the large empty apartment, I became aware of how lonely my mother must have been in Brazil herself. 看着又大又空的公寓，我开始意识到妈妈独自一人在巴西一定很孤单。 The boy might have known the truth, but I am not quite sure. 那个男孩可能已经知道了真相，但我不是很确定。 You can't have seen him just now.He has been abroad for nearly a month. 你刚才不可能看见他，他已经出国近一个月了。 2．表示“与过去事实相反” could have done 过去本可以做某事但实际上没做 needn't have done 过去本不必做某事但实际上做了 ought to/should have done 过去本应该做某事但实际上没做 oughtn't to/ shouldn't have done 过去本不应该做某事但实际上做了 might have done 过去本可以做某事但实际上没做 He could have gone on regretting it, as too many of us do. 他本可以继续为此而遗憾，正如我们中很多人一样。 You needn't have worked that late last night.It was harmful to your health. 你昨天晚上本不必工作到那么晚，那对你的健康有害。 You ought to have done this exercise more carefully. 你本应该更仔细地做这个练习。 You might have given him more help, though you were busy then. 你本可以给他更多帮助，虽然你当时很忙。 [对点练]　(完成句子) ①You should_have_accounted_for_your_absence for two days' off but you kept silent at that moment. 你本应该解释你休假两天的原因，但当时你却保持了沉默。 ②He is still young. You needn't_have_given_him such an expensive present. 他还小，你本没必要送他这么昂贵的礼物。 ③—What has happened to George? —I don't know. He may_have_got_lost. ——乔治发生了什么事？ ——我不知道，他可能迷路了。 ④They must_have_suffered_a_lot when they worked in the mountain area. 他们在山区工作时肯定受了不少苦。 ⑤She ought_to_have_attended_your_birthday_party,_but she had to look after her mother in the hospital. 她本该参加你的生日聚会，但她得在医院照顾她妈妈。 ⑥George can't_have_gone_too_far.His coffee is still warm. 乔治不可能走远。他的咖啡还是热的。 [随堂应用体验] Ⅰ.选用方框中的情态动词填空 must, may, can, might, ought to, had better, would, should In the film The Million Pound Bank Note, Henry Adams is stuck in a foreign country without money and friends, and with nowhere to stay.While this situation ①may_ seem unusual, it can sometimes happen to travellers.In case it happens to you on a trip abroad, what ②should you do? First, and most importantly, you ③must stay calm.Fear ④can cause you to become confused.You need to think clearly.Second, you should go to your nearest consulate.They ⑤ought_to be able to help to some extent.Third, you ⑥would do well to check with some local charities.They ⑦might offer help to travellers in need.Fourth, you ⑧had_better avoid getting into trouble. Ⅱ.根据提示补全句子 1．(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)Knowing that you are keen on art, I_cannot_wait_to_tell_you_this_ incredible_experience (我迫不及待地想告诉你这段不可思议的经历). 2．I am feeling sick and I shouldn't_have_eaten (本不应该吃) so much chocolate. 3．Two years later, he was_able_to_speak_very_good_Chinese (能把汉语说得很好)． 4．We were badly in need of help then, but we dared_not_to_turn_to_him (不敢向他求助)． 5．My father suggested that I_should_set_a_clear_goal (我应该树立一个明确的目标) and struggle for it. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $