内容正文:
Unit 4 A good read第四课时:Grammar 教学设计
授课教材
译林版(2024)八年级下册
授课题目
Unit 4 A good read Grammar
课时
第 4 课时
主题情境
人与社会—用语法工具表达阅读中的疑问与责任
课型
语法课
一、教材分析
分析维度
内容阐释
【语法点】
本课时核心语法点包含两部分:①“疑问词 + 动词不定式”结构(what to read, how to write等),用于表达阅读相关的疑问、决策与需求;②情态动词must(主观义务)与have to(客观要求)的用法区别,能在描述阅读规则、责任时准确运用。
【教学价值】
“疑问词+不定式”结构是英语中表达间接疑问和决策的重要方式,使表达更简洁高效;must和have to的辨析能帮助学生在描述义务和责任时准确传达语气差异。结合单元主题“阅读”,让学生在真实语境中掌握这两项语法知识。
二、学情分析
分析维度
具体描述
已有基础
学生在第一、二课时已经学习了《格列佛游记》节选,接触了大量一般过去时的句子,掌握了疑问词的基本用法(what, where, when, how等)。对情态动词can有一定的了解。
存在问题
学生对“疑问词+不定式”结构不熟悉,容易遗漏to或疑问词选择错误;对must和have to的区别模糊,容易混淆“主观义务”与“客观要求”;在否定形式中,容易把“don’t have to”(不必)与“mustn’t”(禁止)混淆。
发展需求
需要系统掌握“疑问词+不定式”的结构和用法;需要理解must与have to的核心区别;需要在阅读情境中综合运用所学语法知识。
三、核心素养目标
素养维度
目标描述
语言能力
1. 掌握“疑问词 + 动词不定式”的结构和用法,能将其改写为相应的从句形式。2. 掌握must与have to的用法区别:must侧重主观义务,have to侧重客观要求。3. 掌握否定形式:mustn’t(禁止)与don’t have to(不必)的区别。4. 能完成教材语法练习,准确使用目标语法结构。5. 能运用所学语法谈论阅读计划、图书馆规则等话题。
学习能力
1. 掌握通过观察、归纳学习语法的方法,提升自主学习能力。2. 学会用表格梳理语法规则,提高学习效率。3. 通过小组合作,提升合作学习和口语表达能力。
思维品质
1. 通过观察例句归纳语法规律,培养逻辑归纳能力。2. 通过对比must和have to的用法,培养比较思维和辨析能力。3. 在谈论阅读责任时,培养责任意识和规则意识。
文化意识
1. 了解图书馆等公共场所的规则文化。2. 培养遵守规则、尊重知识产权的意识。3. 结合单元阅读主题,激发阅读兴趣。
四、教学重点与难点
项目
内容
教学重点
1. “疑问词 + 动词不定式”的结构与用法。2. must与have to的用法区别。3. 完成教材语法练习。
教学难点
1. “疑问词 + 不定式”结构中的介词保留(如who to talk to)。2. mustn’t(禁止)与don’t have to(不必)的区别。3. 在具体语境中准确选用must或have to。
五、教学方法
归纳法、任务型教学法、合作学习法、情境教学法、对比法
六、教学工具
多媒体课件(含语法规则表格、课文例句、练习题)、小组活动任务单
七、教学过程
Step 1: Warm-up & Lead-in 热身导入 (5 mins)
Activity: 回顾格列佛的故事,引出语法
1. 回顾故事:教师展示《格列佛游记》图片,提问:
“What happened to Gulliver in Lilliput?”
“What difficulties did he have?”
2. 呈现例句:引导学生说出格列佛遇到的困难,教师板书:
Gulliver didn’t know what to say.
Gulliver didn’t know how to get away.
“I must run away from them,” Gulliver thought.
“I have to use them to reach the box,” Eddie said.
3. 引导发现:提问学生:
“What structure do you see in the first two sentences?” (疑问词 + to do)
“What do ‘must’ and ‘have to’ mean?” (必须)
4. 揭示主题:“Today we’re going to learn two important grammar points: using question words with to-infinitives, and using ‘must’ and ‘have to’.”
设计意图:通过格列佛的故事自然引出本课两个语法点,让学生在熟悉语境中感知语法现象。
Step 2: Presentation 语法呈现 (12 mins)
Part A: “疑问词 + 动词不定式”结构
Step 1 – 观察例句,归纳结构
1. 呈现例句:展示教材P54的例句,引导学生朗读并观察:
例句
结构
Millie has decided what to read.
what + to read
Daniel did not say who to talk to about this book.
who + to talk to
Simon forgot when to meet his friends.
when + to meet
Kitty cannot decide which to choose first.
which + to choose
Sandy is wondering where to ask for help.
where + to ask
Amy does not know how to write the report.
how + to write
2. 归纳规则:
结构:疑问词(what, which, who, whose, when, where, how)+ 动词不定式
注意:why不能用于该结构
功能:在句中作动词的宾语,相当于“疑问词 + 主语 + should/could + 动词原形”
3. 句型转换:
I don’t know what to do. = I don’t know what I should do.
She can’t decide which to buy. = She can’t decide which she should buy.
Step 2 – 特殊用法:介词不可省略
1. 强调易错点:当疑问词作介词宾语时,介词不可省略:
✅ Daniel did not know who to talk to.
❌ Daniel did not know who to talk.
✅ Please tell me where to put the books.
❌ Please tell me where to put.
Step 3 – 归纳must与have to的区别
1. 呈现对比表格:
情态动词
含义
侧重点
例句
must
必须
主观义务(自己认为必须)
I must finish this book today.
have to
不得不
客观要求(外界迫使)
I have to return the book by Friday.
Mustn’t
禁止
绝对禁止
You mustn’t talk in the library.
don‘t have to
不必
没必要
You don’t have to read every page.
2. 核心区别口诀:
“must主观,have to客观;mustn’t禁止,don’t have to不必。”
3. 例句对比:
I must read this book. It’s my favourite author. (主观意愿)
I have to read this book for my book report. (客观要求)
设计意图:通过表格归纳和对比,帮助学生清晰掌握两种语法规则;口诀辅助记忆。
Step 3: Practice 巩固练习 (13 mins)
Step 1 – 完成教材Part A:改写句子
1. 明确任务:学生将复合句改写为“疑问词+不定式”结构。
(1) Millie has decided what she should read.
→ Millie has decided what to read.
(2) Daniel did not know who he could talk to about this book.
→ Daniel did not know who to talk to about this book.
(3) Simon forgot when he should meet his friends.
→ Simon forgot when to meet his friends.
(4) Kitty cannot decide which she should choose first.
→ Kitty cannot decide which to choose first.
2. 核对讲解:逐题核对,强调介词不可省略。
Step 2 – 完成教材Part B:用must, have to填空
1. 明确任务:学生用must, have to的正确形式填空。
(1) I __________ finish my homework before I go out. (主观)
(2) We __________ wear uniforms at school. (学校规定)
(3) You __________ smoke in the library. It’s not allowed. (禁止)
(4) You __________ return the book by Friday. It’s the deadline. (客观)
2. 核对答案:
(1) must (2) have to (3) mustn’t (4) have to
Step 3 – 完成教材Part C:句型转换
1. 明确任务:学生将“疑问词+不定式”结构改写成从句形式。
(1) I don’t know what to say.
→ I don’t know what I should say.
(2) She can’t decide which to choose.
→ She can’t decide which she should choose.
(3) Please tell me how to get there.
→ Please tell me how I can get there.
2. 核对讲解:逐题核对,强调主谓一致。
Step 4 – 小游戏:图书馆规则问答
1. 游戏规则:教师提问图书馆规则,学生用must/mustn’t/don’t have to回答。
2. 示例:
T: “Can you eat in the library?”
S: “No, you mustn’t eat in the library.”
T: “Do you have to speak quietly?”
S: “Yes, you must speak quietly.”
T: “Do you have to read every book in the library?”
S: “No, you don’t have to read every book.”
设计意图:通过分层练习和游戏,逐步巩固两种语法规则;游戏环节增加趣味性,提升学习动机。
Step 4: Production 拓展运用 (10 mins)
Step 1 – 小组活动:制定阅读计划
1. 创设情境:学校读书周即将到来,学生需要制定个人阅读计划。
2. 明确任务:学生4人一组,讨论以下问题,用所学句型记录:
问题
句型支架
决定读什么书
I have decided what to read.
决定何时读
I have decided when to read.
决定读多久
I need to decide how long to read each day.
必须完成什么
I must finish...
不得不做什么
I have to...
3. 小组交流:学生轮流分享自己的阅读计划,记录员简要记录。教师巡视指导。
4. 小组汇报:每组派代表汇报阅读计划,使用目标语法。
Step 2 – 角色扮演:图书馆咨询
1. 创设情境:学生两人一组,一人扮演图书馆管理员,一人扮演读者,咨询图书馆规则和借书事宜。
2. 提供对话框架:
Reader: Excuse me, could you tell me where to find science fiction books?
Librarian: Sure. They are on the second floor.
Reader: Do I have to return the books in two weeks?
Librarian: Yes, you have to return them on time. You must not keep them too long.
Reader: Can you tell me how to renew a book?
Librarian: You can do it online. You don‘t have to come to the library.
Reader: Thank you!
3. 小组练习:学生准备3分钟,教师巡视指导。
4. 展示表演:邀请2-3组上台表演,其他同学认真观看。
Step 3 – 情感升华
1. 教师引导:“Good readers know not only what to read, but also how to make good reading plans. Libraries have rules that we must follow, but these rules help everyone enjoy reading. Remember: reading opens new worlds, and following rules makes reading better for everyone.”
设计意图:通过小组活动和角色扮演,将语法知识迁移到真实交际中,实现语言输出。阅读主题与单元话题紧密结合,学生有话可说。
Step 5: Summary & Test 总结与达标检测 (5 mins)
1. 知识总结:引导学生回顾本节课所学内容:
“疑问词 + 动词不定式”结构:what to do, how to do, where to go等
must(主观义务)vs have to(客观要求)
Mustn’t(禁止)vs don’t have to(不必)
2. 当堂达标检测:完成下列选择题:
(1) I haven’t decided __________ for my report.
A. what to write B. what write C. to write what → A
(2) You __________ return the book on time. It’s the rule.
A. must B. have to C. may → B
(3) You __________ smoke in the reading room.
A. don’t have to B. mustn’t C. may not → B
(4) Students __________ bring their ID cards to borrow books.
A. must B. have to C. should → B
八、板书设计
Unit 4 A good read
Grammar — Question words + to-infinitives & must/have to
一、Question words + to-infinitives
疑问词
例句
what
decide what to read
which
choose which to buy
who
know who to ask
when
forget when to meet
where
wonder where to go
how
learn how to write
注意:介词不可省略 → who to talk to
二、must vs have to
情态动词
侧重点
否定形式
含义
must
主观义务
mustn’t
禁止
have to
客观要求
don’t have to
不必
三、Key Sentences
I don’t know what to say.
I must finish this book.
I have to return it by Friday.
You mustn’t talk in the library.
You don’t have to read every page.
九、作业设计
分层
作业内容
设计意图
基础作业
1. 用“疑问词+不定式”结构造3个句子,描述你的阅读计划。2. 用must, have to, mustn’t, don’t have to各造一个句子。
巩固核心语法知识,强化记忆。
拓展作业
Write a short passage (60-80 words) about the library rules in your school or city library. Use “must, mustn’t, have to, don’t have to” correctly.
将课堂所学迁移到真实写作,培养综合语言运用能力。
选做作业
采访一位图书馆管理员或家人,了解图书馆的规则,用英文记录,下节课分享。
拓展课外交际实践,实现语言真实运用。
十、教学反思
反思维度
记录要点
亮点
格列佛故事导入自然;对比表格清晰易懂;图书馆规则角色扮演贴近生活,学生参与积极。
不足
部分学生对“who to talk to”中保留介词的理解不够深入;少数学生在must与have to的选择上仍有混淆。
改进
增加更多“疑问词+不定式”的介词保留练习;设计更多must与have to的对比语境练习。
十一、教学评价
评价维度
评价标准
课堂观察
85%的学生能正确理解“疑问词+不定式”的结构;80%的学生能在练习中准确区分must和have to;小组活动中多数学生能运用目标语法进行交流。
任务完成度
语法练习正确率;角色扮演的语言表达质量。
当堂达标
通过选择题检测学生对语法点的掌握情况,正确率达到80%以上。
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