精品解析：湖南长沙市明德中学2025-2026学年高一下学期3月阶段测试英语试题

2026年上学期高一3月份阶段测试 英语 本试卷共8页 全卷满分150分 考试时间120分钟 命题人： 注意事项： 1.答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上相应区域。 2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应的答案标号涂黑，如有改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案；回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在试卷上无效。 第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分） 第一节 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话读两遍。 1. What is the probable relationship between the speakers? A. Nurse and visitor. B. Doctor and patient. C. Coach and athlete. 2. How is the weather at the moment? A. Rainy. B. Snowy. C. Sunny. 3. What is John doing now? A. Doing revision. B. Playing football. C. Watching TV. 4. When will the next bus leave? A. At 9:30. B. At 9:35. C. At 10:00. 5. Where does the woman plan to take her holiday this year? A. In Canada. B. In Turkey. C. In Italy. 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6. Why is the blouse so expensive? A. It comes from China. B. It is made of real silk. C. It looks nice and cool. 7. How much will the woman pay in total? A. 120 dollars. B. 150 dollars. C. 240 dollars. 听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。 8. Why do the speakers like the farm? A. It’s near the road. B. The price is good. C. They can own it. 9. What will the man do to the house? A. Fix it up himself. B. Clean its kitchen. C. Add more bedrooms to it. 10. What does the man suggest growing? A. Corn. B. Rice. C. Potatoes. 听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。 11. When did the man start looking for riding lessons? A. Yesterday. B. Last week. C. A month ago. 12. How did the man feel about his first lesson? A. Frightening. B. Challenging. C. Boring. 13. What did the woman say about her teacher? A. She was a good teacher. B. She was an excellent rider. C. She was a humorous person. 听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。 14. Why does the woman go to England today? A. To visit a friend. B. To go shopping. C. To do business. 15. What kind of tickets will the woman buy? A. Weekly return tickets. B. One-way tickets. C. First-class tickets. 16. When does Flight 514 take off on November 5th? A. At 8:15 a. m. B. At 6:50 p. m. C. At 9:30 p. m. 听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。 17. How long will it take to get to the museum? A. About 20 minutes. B. About 30 minutes. C. About 50 minutes. 18. What is special about the trip for the students? A. They can pick up ancient pots to study. B. They can take old rings out of the glass case. C. They’ll take a related test when back at school. 19. How do the students find information in the Technology Center? A. By using iPads. B. By using computers. C. By asking Jane Witton. 20. What does the speaker want the students to do after the trip? A. Make postcards. B. Draw posters. C. Give reports. 第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A Building with 3D printing technology is sparking widespread interest in the construction industry. Besides reducing waste and our impact on the environment, it can speed up construction from weeks, or months, to days. To see how the technology can change the world around us, here are some projects that highlight bold ideas in 3D print building. Instant Neighborhood Community building takes on new meaning with the creation of a neighborhood of 3D printed homes in Tabasco, Mexico, aimed at tackling global homelessness. American non-profit New Story and tech company ICON built each concrete house from start to completion in 24 hours. New Story says its aim is to provide shelter for people without homes around the world. Nested Housing Shamballa is the idea of Italian 3D print construction company WASP. This project uses soil and straw to build a home in days that cost only 48 Euros in materials and energy. Its round designs are based on the wasp (黄蜂) nest. Each home features a laboratory with a desktop 3D printer for making furniture, artistic objects and more. Think Schools African island state Madagascar is hosting one of the world’s most forward-thinking school building projects. Non-profit Thinking Huts is using 3D print technology to provide schools where children have little or no access to education. Schools are built using local materials and low carbon concrete in under a week. Concrete Steps Researchers at the Swiss University ETH Zurich used concrete 3D printing to build the 16 metre long curved Striatus footbridge in a couple of days. The project used 500 layers of concrete and 53 hollow blocks, held in place by compression (压缩). This reduces materials by up to 70 per cent, and the entire bridge can be pulled down and recycled. 1. What could be the inspiration behind the design of Nested Housing? A. A featured laboratory. B. A forward-thinking school. C. A round wasp nest. D. A long stone bridge. 2. Which 3D construction project can be torn down and reused? A. Instant Neighborhood. B. Concrete Steps. C. Think School. D. Nested Housing. 3. What do these four 3D building projects have in common? A. They use local materials. B. They make construction faster. C. They are affordable to the homeless. D. They are high in cost. B At the Paris 2024 Olympics, sport climbing featured two medal events for men and women: Speed and a combined Boulder & Lead event. Behind the scenes, there is a crucial but often unseen figure — Martin Hammerer, head of the experienced team responsible for the Lead routes, who has been setting routes internationally since 2007. “The actual design took place at the climbing wall. The International Federation of Sport Climbing (IFSC) pre-selected the material, which we then used to set the routes,” Hammerer explained when asked about his work in Paris. “We started with the finals — which was the highlight — and worked backward to the semi-finals. After completing a route, we photographed it, removed and stored the holds for later use.” The focus for the routesetters is to offer a challenging but also fair competition. Routes for the combined Boulder & Lead event were carefully designed to ensure that specialists in one discipline didn’t have an unfair advantage. “Our aim is to offer a balanced competition,” Hammerer said. “For the podiums (领奖台), the athletes have to be really strong in both disciplines.” Routesetting relies heavily on the team’s creativity. The style has changed over the past 15 years, with today’s routes looser and more dynamic. “The materials and structures have also changed greatly,” Hammerer said. “Every season we adapt to the athletes anew.” Routesetting used to be quite independent and greatly influenced climbing style. “But now, federations set training routes for athletes. When we see this on social media, we get new input for our work,” Hammerer reflected. As Hammerer once said, “Climbers evolve, and so must we.” He continues to shape the future of climbing — one route, one challenge, one story at a time. 4. What does Hammerer do? A. He competes in sport climbing events. B. He coaches athletes for the Olympics. C. He designs routes for sport climbing. D. He judges climbing competitions. 5. What is paragraph 2 mainly about? A. The materials used for route setting. B. The process of setting climbing routes. C. The criteria for routes of varied levels. D. The location selected for route setting. 6. How did Hammerer’s team achieve their aim? A. By balancing innovation and adaptation. B. By sticking to federations’ training routes. C. By promoting their concept through social media. D. By disciplining themselves to follow strict guidelines. 7. What message does Hammerer convey in the last paragraph? A. Practice makes perfect. B. Change is the only constant. C. Slow and steady wins the race. D. Actions speak louder than words. C Today, poetry and science are often considered to be mutually exclusive (互相排斥) career paths. But that wasn’t always the case. The mathematician Ada Lovelace and the physicist James Clerk Maxwell were both accomplished poets. The poet John Keats was a licensed surgeon. Combining the two practices fell out of favor in the 1800s. But translating research into lyrics, haiku, and other poetic forms is reappearing among scientists as they look for alternative ways to inspire others with their findings. “Poetry is a great tool for questioning the world,” says Sam Illingworth, a poet and a geoscientist who works at the University of Western Australia. Through workshops and a new science-poetry journal, called Consilience, Illingworth is helping scientists to translate their latest results into poems that can attract appreciation from those outside of their immediate scientific field. Stephany Mazon, a scientist from the University of Helsinki in Finland, joined one of Illingworth’s workshops. In the workshop, she was grouped with other scientists and tasked with writing a haiku, a 17-syllable-long poem, which spotlighted water, a fluid that featured in all of the group members’ research projects. “It was a lot of fun, and surprisingly easy to write the poem,” Mazon says. She plans to continue writing. “We do a disservice (伤害) to ourselves to think that scientists can’t be artistic and that art can’t be used to communicate scientific ideas,” Mazon says. That viewpoint is echoed by Illingworth, who thinks current science communication initiatives rely too often on public lectures with their hands-off PowerPoint slides. “Actually, when science communication involves writing and sharing poems, it invites a two-way dialogue between experts and nonexperts,” he says. Scientist-poet Manjula Silva, an educator at Imperial College London, agrees. Poetry provides a way to translate complex scientific concepts into a language that everyone can understand, Silva says. Scientists and poets are both trying to understand the world and communicate that understanding with others. The gap between scientists and poets is less than people might think. We’re all just people with hopefully really interesting things to say and to share. 8. What is the purpose of mentioning the famous people in paragraph 1? A. To display they were talented. B. To confirm they were out of favor. C. To encourage different career paths. D. To show poetry and science can be combined. 9. What are Illingworth’s workshops aimed to do? A. Promote a new science-poetry journal. B. Inspire outsiders to pursue their careers in science. C. Encourage science communication through poems. D. Get scientists to exchange ideas about the latest research. 10. What does Illingworth think of the present ways of science communication? A. Complex. B. Creative. C. Effective. D. Traditional. 11. Which of the following is the best title for the text? A. Scientists Take on Poetry B. Scientists and Poets Think Alike C. Poetry: A Great Tool to Question the World D. Science Communication: A Two-way Dialogue D Bananas grow best in full sun. To protect their skins from harmful UV rays, their peels produce a natural sunscreen. Taylor Maguire, a student in New York, has uncovered the secrets behind this natural protection. Sunscreens protect our skin against harmful solar rays. However, Taylor notes some of their chemicals may cause cancer. When these chemicals wash off into the environment, they can harm wildlife — for instance, certain mineral-based sunscreens weaken freshwater animals’ swimming ability. In high enough concentrations, she adds, they can even kill some organisms. This led Taylor to search for alternatives to mineral-based sunscreens. Believing that bananas had their own natural UV protection, Taylor processed banana peels by heating, freezing, and mixing them to get two extracts. The first was a water-based extract, containing only components that can dissolve (溶解) in water. The second was a nonpolar extract, made up of factors that can’t dissolve in water. Using a spectrophotometer — a device that measures how much light a liquid takes in — Taylor confirmed that both extracts took in UV light. Next, Taylor put planarians, a type of flatworm living in water, into different dishes containing different solutions and put them under strong UV light for 10 minutes. If the worm’s movement slowed or stopped, she took that to mean the light damaged them. Her five test solutions included her two extracts, a drugstore sunscreen solution, plain water and glycerol (甘油). The result? The nonpolar banana extract, the glycerol and the mineral-based sunscreen appeared fatal to the worms, she found. But planarians survived just fine in the water-based extract. The next step is to figure out exactly what chemical provided the water-based extract’s UV protection. Recognizing that, she says, could allow for a new kind of eco-friendly, banana-based sunscreen. 12. What inspired Taylor to seek alternatives to mineral-based sunscreens? A. The natural sunscreen qualities of banana peels. B. Her skin’s response to mineral-based sunscreens. C. Her goal to develop a more affordable sunscreen. D. The ecological impacts of mineral-based sunscreens. 13. Why did Taylor use planarians in her experiment? A. To study the behavior of animals living in water. B. To measure the intake of UV by banana extracts. C. To compare the effectiveness of different UV protections. D. To examine the chemicals contained by water-based extract. 14. What does the underlined word “fatal” probably mean in paragraph 5? A. Deadly. B. Poisonous. C. Harmful. D. Dangerous. 15. What is the next step Taylor plans to take in her research? A. To find out the chemical blocking UV. B. To test the extracts on other types of animals. C. To create a new type of mineral-based sunscreen. D. To experiment banana-based sunscreen on human skin. 第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Loud noise can be very damaging to your hearing, whether it’s a loud burst or years of exposure. Approximately 15 percent of adults report some trouble hearing. ____16____. The good news is that taking action now may protect you from hearing loss later in life. Get a baseline hearing test. Most people have never had a hearing test. ____17____. At your next physical, ask for a hearing test as part of routine checkup. A hearing test gives your audiologist a baseline that they can compare with future results to monitor the progression of hearing loss. ____18____. While you are watching TV or using mobile devices, keep the volume at a comfortable level. It should be loud enough to make sure you can hear very well, but not so loud that when you leave the room, you can still hear it from another part of your home. Wear protective hearing devices. Think ear protection before you’re exposed to any noisy environment, such as rock concerts or airports. When you are in a noisy environment, wear protective hearing devices such as earplugs or protective earphones. ____19____ Have proper earphones. If you often listen to music on earphones using a portable music or video device, it is a good idea to have earphones that fit the unique shape of your ear canal, and block outside noise. ____20____ A. The risk rises as we age. B. Monitor the volume of your devices. C. However, it benefits you to go against that trend. D. Meanwhile, you will find the sound truly superior. E. You can find them at your local drugstore or music supply shop. F. Consider buying appliances and devices having low noise ratings. G. You must do something to keep age-related hearing loss from getting worse. 第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 One day I was driving to the marsh (湿地) for bird-watching. The weather forecast called for the possibility of fog. As I ____21____ the destination, the fog began to ____22____. At a turning point, I was a bit nervous and lost ____23____ of the car, accidentally running into the wet land. I tried to open the door, but it was locked as the water had ____24____ the electrical system. I remembered I had a fire extinguisher (灭火器). I ____25____ it and gave the window a ____26____ blow. It merely bounced off. I hit it again, with the ____27____ result. The water level had risen, and soon I was swinging the extinguisher underwater. I had to ____28____ for air and down to take as many ____29____ as my breath would allow. I was nearly ____30____. A part of me just wanted to give up. But then another thought came to mind, “You have a little more time. What will you ____31____ it?” “I’m going to try ____32____,” I responded. I ____33____ swinging the fire extinguisher as hard as I could and suddenly the impact felt different. I ____34____ my left hand and felt a hole in the ____35____. I knew I was going to live. 21. A. sought B. approached C. chose D. visited 22. A. build B. lift C. decrease D. disappear 23. A. sight B. track C. touch D. control 24. A. operated B. settled C. shorted D. developed 25. A. glimpsed B. grabbed C. commanded D. closed 26. A. gentle B. mild C. indirect D. heavy 27. A. same B. joyful C. positive D. different 28. A. go out B. go away C. go up D. go off 29. A. fists B. swings C. cuts D. breaks 30. A. delighted B. embarrassed C. determined D. desperate 31. A. compare with B. do with C. connect with D. mix with 32. A. faster B. harder C. better D. worse 33. A. started B. stopped C. continued D. considered 34. A. waved B. shook C. extended D. took 35. A. car B. door C. extinguisher D. window 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个恰当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Celebrating the Minor New Year The 23rd of La (the 12th lunar month) is celebrated as the Minor Festival. ____36____ then, the festival mood of the Chinese New Year has begun to pick up. More and more traders’ stands appear along the streets filled with a variety of Spring Festival goods ____37____ (catch) the eyes: Spring Festival couplets, New Year paintings, window ____38____ (decorate), paper cuts, fireworks, etc. You can hear traders calling for business up and down the streets. The Minor Festival is also known as the Kitchen God Day. In the past, the picture of the Kitchen God, ____39____ (place) above or beside the stove, was worshiped (供奉) in every household. On this day, the Kitchen God would fly to Heaven to report to the Jade Emperor what he ____40____ (witness) on earth. The Kitchen God was believed to be able to determine fortunes or misfortunes of the household, to make it rich or poor. ____41____, the household took great care to worship him as best they could and not to disrespect him in any event. Among the offerings presented to the Kitchen God, there was the ____42____ (stick) sugar. When the Kitchen God took it, his teeth and lips got stuck up and couldn’t report to the Jade Emperor for anything ____43____ would be harmful to the household. After ____44____ offering ceremony was over, the picture of the Kitchen God _____45_____ (burn) and people believed he flew to Heaven while firecrackers were set off. 第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（满分15分） 46. 假设你是李华，你的外国朋友Tom对中国文学有着深厚的兴趣，想买一本优秀的中国文学作品。请你给他写一封邮件进行推荐。内容包括：1.书名；2.推荐的原因。 注意：1.字数80左右；2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Dear Tom, __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 第二节（满分25分） 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Brad Montague had always believed that small acts of kindness could make a difference, but he had never imagined that those acts could ripple (扩散) into something much bigger. It was a cold October morning, Brad visited a local homeless shelter to drop off some donations. It was a normal trip, something he had done many times before. But this time, he learned a shocking and heartbreaking truth — the shelter was running out of socks. Unlike coats or blankets, socks wore out quickly, and most people never thought to donate them. “Socks are often considered unimportant,” the director had explained. “But without them, people on the streets can easily catch a cold.” Autumn had arrived in Henderson, Tennessee, bringing dry air and cooler nights. Later that evening, as Brad sat on the edge of his daughter Matilda’s bed, gazing lovingly at his daughter sleeping with a stuffed rabbit in her arms, he couldn’t shake off what the shelter director had said. Socks — something so simple, something most people took for granted — were a lifeline for those suffering from cold nights on the streets. Looking at Matilda’s tiny feet kicking out from under the blanket, Brad was determined to make a difference. As a writer and artist, Brad was used to solving problems with creativity. The next morning, he mentioned the issue to his volunteer friends in the community. After he shared what had happened, one friend raised his hand, “We could collect socks!” Another added, “Let’s make it fun. It could be like a celebration or something.” Brad’s eyes lit up. “A celebration in October...” He smiled. “What about naming the activity as Socktober?” The room erupted with excitement. “Socktober!” They repeated, letting the word roll off their tongues. It was perfect. The passion had been lit, and none of them realized how big this little idea was about to become. 注意： 1.续写词数应为150左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 With the brilliant idea in mind, they knew what they should do next. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ As Socktober continued, other people in the community also joined in. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2026年上学期高一3月份阶段测试 英语 本试卷共8页 全卷满分150分 考试时间120分钟 命题人： 注意事项： 1.答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上相应区域。 2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应的答案标号涂黑，如有改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案；回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在试卷上无效。 第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分） 第一节 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话读两遍。 1. What is the probable relationship between the speakers? A. Nurse and visitor. B. Doctor and patient. C. Coach and athlete. 2. How is the weather at the moment? A. Rainy. B. Snowy. C. Sunny. 3. What is John doing now? A. Doing revision. B. Playing football. C. Watching TV. 4. When will the next bus leave? A. At 9:30. B. At 9:35. C. At 10:00. 5. Where does the woman plan to take her holiday this year? A. In Canada. B. In Turkey. C. In Italy. 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6. Why is the blouse so expensive? A. It comes from China. B. It is made of real silk. C. It looks nice and cool. 7. How much will the woman pay in total? A. 120 dollars. B. 150 dollars. C. 240 dollars. 听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。 8. Why do the speakers like the farm? A. It’s near the road. B. The price is good. C. They can own it. 9. What will the man do to the house? A. Fix it up himself. B. Clean its kitchen. C. Add more bedrooms to it. 10. What does the man suggest growing? A. Corn. B. Rice. C. Potatoes. 听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。 11. When did the man start looking for riding lessons? A. Yesterday. B. Last week. C. A month ago. 12. How did the man feel about his first lesson? A. Frightening. B. Challenging. C. Boring. 13. What did the woman say about her teacher? A. She was a good teacher. B. She was an excellent rider. C. She was a humorous person. 听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。 14. Why does the woman go to England today? A. To visit a friend. B. To go shopping. C. To do business. 15. What kind of tickets will the woman buy? A. Weekly return tickets. B. One-way tickets. C. First-class tickets. 16. When does Flight 514 take off on November 5th? A. At 8:15 a. m. B. At 6:50 p. m. C. At 9:30 p. m. 听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。 17. How long will it take to get to the museum? A. About 20 minutes. B. About 30 minutes. C. About 50 minutes. 18. What is special about the trip for the students? A. They can pick up ancient pots to study. B. They can take old rings out of the glass case. C. They’ll take a related test when back at school. 19. How do the students find information in the Technology Center? A. By using iPads. B. By using computers. C. By asking Jane Witton. 20. What does the speaker want the students to do after the trip? A. Make postcards. B. Draw posters. C. Give reports. 第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A Building with 3D printing technology is sparking widespread interest in the construction industry. Besides reducing waste and our impact on the environment, it can speed up construction from weeks, or months, to days. To see how the technology can change the world around us, here are some projects that highlight bold ideas in 3D print building. Instant Neighborhood Community building takes on new meaning with the creation of a neighborhood of 3D printed homes in Tabasco, Mexico, aimed at tackling global homelessness. American non-profit New Story and tech company ICON built each concrete house from start to completion in 24 hours. New Story says its aim is to provide shelter for people without homes around the world. Nested Housing Shamballa is the idea of Italian 3D print construction company WASP. This project uses soil and straw to build a home in days that cost only 48 Euros in materials and energy. Its round designs are based on the wasp (黄蜂) nest. Each home features a laboratory with a desktop 3D printer for making furniture, artistic objects and more. Think Schools African island state Madagascar is hosting one of the world’s most forward-thinking school building projects. Non-profit Thinking Huts is using 3D print technology to provide schools where children have little or no access to education. Schools are built using local materials and low carbon concrete in under a week. Concrete Steps Researchers at the Swiss University ETH Zurich used concrete 3D printing to build the 16 metre long curved Striatus footbridge in a couple of days. The project used 500 layers of concrete and 53 hollow blocks, held in place by compression (压缩). This reduces materials by up to 70 per cent, and the entire bridge can be pulled down and recycled. 1. What could be the inspiration behind the design of Nested Housing? A. A featured laboratory. B. A forward-thinking school. C. A round wasp nest. D. A long stone bridge. 2. Which 3D construction project can be torn down and reused? A. Instant Neighborhood. B. Concrete Steps. C. Think School. D. Nested Housing. 3. What do these four 3D building projects have in common? A. They use local materials. B. They make construction faster. C. They are affordable to the homeless. D. They are high in cost. 【答案】1. C 2. B 3. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。列举了四个使用了3D打印技术的建筑。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段第三句“Its round designs are based on the wasp (黄蜂) nest. (它的圆形设计是基于黄蜂的巢)”可知，巢式住宅的设计灵感是圆形的黄蜂的巢。故选C。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据末段首句“Researchers at the Swiss University ETH Zurich used concrete 3D printing to build the 16 metre long curved Striatus footbridge in a couple of days. (瑞士苏黎世联邦理工学院的研究人员使用混凝土3D打印技术在几天内建造了这座16米长的弯曲Striatus人行桥)”以及末句“This reduces materials by up to 70 per cent, and the entire bridge can be pulled down and recycled. (这减少了高达70%的材料，整个桥梁可以被拆除和回收)”可知，Concrete Steps的3D建筑项目可以拆除并重复使用。故选B。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。通读全文，尤其根据首段前两句“Building with 3D printing technology is sparking widespread interest in the construction industry. Besides reducing waste and our impact on the environment, it can speed up construction from weeks, or months, to days. (使用3D打印技术的建筑引起了建筑行业的广泛兴趣。除了减少浪费和对环境的影响外，它还可以将施工时间从几周、几个月缩短到几天)”可知，本段是中心段。本文主要介绍使用3D打印技术的建筑，而他们的共同点是建筑工期变短，即修建得更快。故选B。 B At the Paris 2024 Olympics, sport climbing featured two medal events for men and women: Speed and a combined Boulder & Lead event. Behind the scenes, there is a crucial but often unseen figure — Martin Hammerer, head of the experienced team responsible for the Lead routes, who has been setting routes internationally since 2007. “The actual design took place at the climbing wall. The International Federation of Sport Climbing (IFSC) pre-selected the material, which we then used to set the routes,” Hammerer explained when asked about his work in Paris. “We started with the finals — which was the highlight — and worked backward to the semi-finals. After completing a route, we photographed it, removed and stored the holds for later use.” The focus for the routesetters is to offer a challenging but also fair competition. Routes for the combined Boulder & Lead event were carefully designed to ensure that specialists in one discipline didn’t have an unfair advantage. “Our aim is to offer a balanced competition,” Hammerer said. “For the podiums (领奖台), the athletes have to be really strong in both disciplines.” Routesetting relies heavily on the team’s creativity. The style has changed over the past 15 years, with today’s routes looser and more dynamic. “The materials and structures have also changed greatly,” Hammerer said. “Every season we adapt to the athletes anew.” Routesetting used to be quite independent and greatly influenced climbing style. “But now, federations set training routes for athletes. When we see this on social media, we get new input for our work,” Hammerer reflected. As Hammerer once said, “Climbers evolve, and so must we.” He continues to shape the future of climbing — one route, one challenge, one story at a time. 4. What does Hammerer do? A. He competes in sport climbing events. B. He coaches athletes for the Olympics. C. He designs routes for sport climbing. D. He judges climbing competitions. 5. What is paragraph 2 mainly about? A. The materials used for route setting. B. The process of setting climbing routes. C. The criteria for routes of varied levels. D. The location selected for route setting. 6. How did Hammerer’s team achieve their aim? A. By balancing innovation and adaptation. B. By sticking to federations’ training routes. C. By promoting their concept through social media. D. By disciplining themselves to follow strict guidelines. 7. What message does Hammerer convey in the last paragraph? A. Practice makes perfect. B. Change is the only constant. C. Slow and steady wins the race. D. Actions speak louder than words. 【答案】4. C 5. B 6. A 7. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了2024年巴黎奥运会攀岩比赛背后的关键人物——马丁·哈默尔（Martin Hammerer），他负责设计攀岩比赛的路线，并详细描述了他的工作内容、设计理念以及攀岩路线设置的发展变化。 【4题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Behind the scenes, there is a crucial but often unseen figure — Martin Hammerer, head of the experienced team responsible for the Lead routes, who has been setting routes internationally since 2007.(在幕后，有一个关键但往往不为人知的人物——Martin Hammerer，负责Lead路线的经验丰富的团队负责人，自2007年以来一直在国际上制定路线。)”可知，Hammerer是设计运动攀岩路线的，故选C。 【5题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第二段中的“The actual design took place at the climbing wall. The International Federation of Sport Climbing (IFSC) pre-selected the material, which we then used to set the routes,” Hammerer explained when asked about his work in Paris. “We started with the finals — which was the highlight — and worked backward to the semi-finals. After completing a route, we photographed it, removed and stored the holds for later use.(‘实际的设计是在攀岩墙上进行的。国际运动攀岩联合会（IFSC）预先选择了材料，然后我们用它来设定路线。’当被问及他在巴黎的工作时，Hammerer解释说：‘我们从决赛开始——这是最精彩的部分——然后回到半决赛。在完成一条路线后，我们拍摄了它，并将其移走并储存起来以备以后使用。’)”可知，Hammerer在本段解释了攀岩路线是怎样设计的。由此可知，第二段主要介绍了设置攀岩路线的过程，故选B。 【6题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Routesetting relies heavily on the team’s creativity. The style has changed over the past 15 years, with today’s routes looser and more dynamic. ‘The materials and structures have also changed greatly,’ Hammerer said. ‘Every season we adapt to the athletes anew.(路线设置在很大程度上依赖于团队的创造力。在过去的15年里，风格发生了变化，今天的路线更加宽松和充满活力。‘材料和结构也发生了很大变化，’Hammerer说：‘每个赛季，我们都会重新适应运动员。’)”可知，路线设置在很大程度上依赖于团队的创造力，并且每个赛季都会重新适应运动员；由此可知，Hammerer的团队通过平衡创新和适应来实现他们的目标，故选A。 【7题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“As Hammerer once said, ‘Climbers evolve, and so must we.’ He continues to shape the future of climbing — one route, one challenge, one story at a time.(正如Hammerer曾经说过的那样，“登山者在进化，我们也必须进化。”他继续塑造登山的未来——一条路线，一个挑战，一个故事。)”可知，Hammerer在最后一段中传达的信息是“变化是唯一不变的”，即我们要随着攀岩者的进化而进化，要不断创新和适应，故选B。 C Today, poetry and science are often considered to be mutually exclusive (互相排斥) career paths. But that wasn’t always the case. The mathematician Ada Lovelace and the physicist James Clerk Maxwell were both accomplished poets. The poet John Keats was a licensed surgeon. Combining the two practices fell out of favor in the 1800s. But translating research into lyrics, haiku, and other poetic forms is reappearing among scientists as they look for alternative ways to inspire others with their findings. “Poetry is a great tool for questioning the world,” says Sam Illingworth, a poet and a geoscientist who works at the University of Western Australia. Through workshops and a new science-poetry journal, called Consilience, Illingworth is helping scientists to translate their latest results into poems that can attract appreciation from those outside of their immediate scientific field. Stephany Mazon, a scientist from the University of Helsinki in Finland, joined one of Illingworth’s workshops. In the workshop, she was grouped with other scientists and tasked with writing a haiku, a 17-syllable-long poem, which spotlighted water, a fluid that featured in all of the group members’ research projects. “It was a lot of fun, and surprisingly easy to write the poem,” Mazon says. She plans to continue writing. “We do a disservice (伤害) to ourselves to think that scientists can’t be artistic and that art can’t be used to communicate scientific ideas,” Mazon says. That viewpoint is echoed by Illingworth, who thinks current science communication initiatives rely too often on public lectures with their hands-off PowerPoint slides. “Actually, when science communication involves writing and sharing poems, it invites a two-way dialogue between experts and nonexperts,” he says. Scientist-poet Manjula Silva, an educator at Imperial College London, agrees. Poetry provides a way to translate complex scientific concepts into a language that everyone can understand, Silva says. Scientists and poets are both trying to understand the world and communicate that understanding with others. The gap between scientists and poets is less than people might think. We’re all just people with hopefully really interesting things to say and to share. 8. What is the purpose of mentioning the famous people in paragraph 1? A. To display they were talented. B. To confirm they were out of favor. C. To encourage different career paths. D. To show poetry and science can be combined. 9. What are Illingworth’s workshops aimed to do? A. Promote a new science-poetry journal. B. Inspire outsiders to pursue their careers in science. C. Encourage science communication through poems. D. Get scientists to exchange ideas about the latest research. 10. What does Illingworth think of the present ways of science communication? A. Complex. B. Creative. C. Effective. D. Traditional. 11. Which of the following is the best title for the text? A. Scientists Take on Poetry B. Scientists and Poets Think Alike C. Poetry: A Great Tool to Question the World D. Science Communication: A Two-way Dialogue 【答案】8. D 9. C 10. D 11. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如今科学家们正尝试将科学研究转化为诗歌等诗意形式，以寻求用研究成果启发他人的新途径，同时阐述了诗歌在科学传播中的作用和意义。 【8题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“The mathematician Ada Lovelace and the physicist James Clerk Maxwell were both accomplished poets. The poet John Keats was a licensed surgeon. Combining the two practices fell out of favor in the 1800s. (数学家Ada Lovelace和物理学家James Clerk Maxwell都是颇有造诣的诗人。诗人John Keats是一名有执照的外科医生。在19世纪，将这两种实践结合起来就不再受欢迎了。)”可推知，如今人们常认为诗歌与科学互不相容，但历史上多位名人同时精通二者，提及他们是为了证明诗歌与科学是可以结合的。故选D项。 【9题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Through workshops and a new science-poetry journal, called Consilience, Illingworth is helping scientists to translate their latest results into poems that can attract appreciation from those outside of their immediate scientific field. (通过研讨会和一本名为《Consilience》的新科学诗歌杂志，Illingworth正在帮助科学家们将他们的最新成果转化为诗歌，以吸引科学领域以外的人的欣赏。)”可知，Illingworth的研讨会旨在鼓励通过诗歌进行科学传播。故选C项。 【10题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“That viewpoint is echoed by Illingworth, who thinks current science communication initiatives rely too often on public lectures with their hands-off PowerPoint slides. (Illingworth也认同这一观点，他认为目前的科学传播活动往往过于依赖公开讲座和缺乏互动的PPT幻灯片。)”可推知，Illingworth认为现在的科学传播方式过于传统。故选D项。 【11题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段中“But translating research into lyrics, haiku, and other poetic forms is reappearing among scientists as they look for alternative ways to inspire others with their findings. (但是，当科学家们寻找用他们的发现来启发他人的替代方法时，将研究转化为歌词、俳句和其他诗歌形式的现象再次出现在科学家之中。)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了如今科学家们正尝试将科学研究转化为诗歌等诗意形式，以寻求用研究成果启发他人的新途径，同时阐述了诗歌在科学传播中的作用和意义，A项“Scientists Take on Poetry (科学家开始写诗)”能够概括文章主旨，适合作为文章标题。故选A项。 D Bananas grow best in full sun. To protect their skins from harmful UV rays, their peels produce a natural sunscreen. Taylor Maguire, a student in New York, has uncovered the secrets behind this natural protection. Sunscreens protect our skin against harmful solar rays. However, Taylor notes some of their chemicals may cause cancer. When these chemicals wash off into the environment, they can harm wildlife — for instance, certain mineral-based sunscreens weaken freshwater animals’ swimming ability. In high enough concentrations, she adds, they can even kill some organisms. This led Taylor to search for alternatives to mineral-based sunscreens. Believing that bananas had their own natural UV protection, Taylor processed banana peels by heating, freezing, and mixing them to get two extracts. The first was a water-based extract, containing only components that can dissolve (溶解) in water. The second was a nonpolar extract, made up of factors that can’t dissolve in water. Using a spectrophotometer — a device that measures how much light a liquid takes in — Taylor confirmed that both extracts took in UV light. Next, Taylor put planarians, a type of flatworm living in water, into different dishes containing different solutions and put them under strong UV light for 10 minutes. If the worm’s movement slowed or stopped, she took that to mean the light damaged them. Her five test solutions included her two extracts, a drugstore sunscreen solution, plain water and glycerol (甘油). The result? The nonpolar banana extract, the glycerol and the mineral-based sunscreen appeared fatal to the worms, she found. But planarians survived just fine in the water-based extract. The next step is to figure out exactly what chemical provided the water-based extract’s UV protection. Recognizing that, she says, could allow for a new kind of eco-friendly, banana-based sunscreen. 12. What inspired Taylor to seek alternatives to mineral-based sunscreens? A. The natural sunscreen qualities of banana peels. B. Her skin’s response to mineral-based sunscreens. C. Her goal to develop a more affordable sunscreen. D. The ecological impacts of mineral-based sunscreens. 13. Why did Taylor use planarians in her experiment? A. To study the behavior of animals living in water. B. To measure the intake of UV by banana extracts. C. To compare the effectiveness of different UV protections. D. To examine the chemicals contained by water-based extract. 14. What does the underlined word “fatal” probably mean in paragraph 5? A. Deadly. B. Poisonous. C. Harmful. D. Dangerous. 15. What is the next step Taylor plans to take in her research? A. To find out the chemical blocking UV. B. To test the extracts on other types of animals. C. To create a new type of mineral-based sunscreen. D. To experiment banana-based sunscreen on human skin. 【答案】12. D 13. C 14. A 15. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了学生泰勒发现矿物防晒霜危害生态，于是研究香蕉皮提取物。实验显示其水基提取物可防晒且无害，她计划找出有效成分研发环保防晒霜。 【12题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“When these chemicals wash off into the environment, they can harm wildlife—for instance, certain mineral-based sunscreens weaken freshwater animals’ swimming ability. In high enough concentrations, she adds, they can even kill some organisms. This led Taylor to search for alternatives to mineral-based sunscreens.(当这些化学物质进入环境后，会对野生动物造成危害——例如，某些矿物类防晒霜会削弱淡水动物的游泳能力。她还补充说，在浓度足够高的情况下，它们甚至会杀死一些生物。这促使泰勒寻找不含矿物成分的防晒霜替代品。)”可知，泰勒要寻找非矿物类防晒霜的替代品是因为矿物类防晒霜对环境有影响。故选D项。 【13题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段“Next, Taylor put planarians, a type of flatworm living in water, into different dishes containing different solutions and put them under strong UV light for 10 minutes. If the worm’s movement slowed or stopped, she took that to mean the light damaged them. Her five test solutions included her two extracts, a drugstore sunscreen solution, plain water and glycerol (甘油).(接下来，泰勒将一种生活在水中的扁虫——涡虫，放入含有不同溶液的不同培养皿中，并将它们置于强紫外线灯下照射10分钟。如果虫子的活动速度减慢或停止，她就认为这意味着光线对其造成了损害。她的五种测试溶液包括她的两种提取物、一种药店出售的防晒霜溶液、清水以及甘油。)”可推知，泰勒将涡虫放入五种不同溶液并置于强紫外线下，通过涡虫的活动状态判断紫外线是否造成损伤，以此对比不同防晒物质的防护效果。故选C项。 【14题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第五段中“But planarians survived just fine in the water-based extract.(但涡虫在这种水基提取物中依然能够正常生存。)”可知，后文提到涡虫在水基提取物中正常存活，与之形成对比，说明非极性香蕉提取物等溶液对涡虫是致命的。故可猜测划线单词fatal为“致命的”意思，和A选项Deadly“致命的”意思一致。故选A项。 【15题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“The next step is to figure out exactly what chemical provided the water-based extract’s UV protection. Recognizing that, she says, could allow for a new kind of eco-friendly, banana-based sunscreen.(接下来的步骤是明确究竟是哪种化学物质为这种水基提取物提供了紫外线防护作用。她说，认识到这一点或许能够催生一种全新的、环保且以香蕉为原料的防晒霜。)”可推知，泰勒下一步要找出究竟是哪种化学物质为水基提取物提供了紫外线防护作用。故选A项。 第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Loud noise can be very damaging to your hearing, whether it’s a loud burst or years of exposure. Approximately 15 percent of adults report some trouble hearing. ____16____. The good news is that taking action now may protect you from hearing loss later in life. Get a baseline hearing test. Most people have never had a hearing test. ____17____. At your next physical, ask for a hearing test as part of routine checkup. A hearing test gives your audiologist a baseline that they can compare with future results to monitor the progression of hearing loss. ____18____. While you are watching TV or using mobile devices, keep the volume at a comfortable level. It should be loud enough to make sure you can hear very well, but not so loud that when you leave the room, you can still hear it from another part of your home. Wear protective hearing devices. Think ear protection before you’re exposed to any noisy environment, such as rock concerts or airports. When you are in a noisy environment, wear protective hearing devices such as earplugs or protective earphones. ____19____ Have proper earphones. If you often listen to music on earphones using a portable music or video device, it is a good idea to have earphones that fit the unique shape of your ear canal, and block outside noise. ____20____ A. The risk rises as we age. B. Monitor the volume of your devices. C. However, it benefits you to go against that trend. D. Meanwhile, you will find the sound truly superior. E. You can find them at your local drugstore or music supply shop. F. Consider buying appliances and devices having low noise ratings. G. You must do something to keep age-related hearing loss from getting worse. 【答案】16. A 17. C 18. B 19. E 20. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍噪音对听力的损害以及保护听力的具体方法，包括进行听力基线测试、控制设备音量、佩戴防护装置和选择合适耳机等。 【16题详解】 根据上文“Approximately 15 percent of adults report some trouble hearing. (大约15%的成年人报告有听力问题。)”可知，此处提到成年人存在听力问题，结合下文“The good news is that taking action now may protect you from hearing loss later in life. (好消息是，现在采取行动可能会保护你在以后的生活中免受听力损失。)”可知，此处需进一步说明听力问题与年龄的关系，且引出下文采取行动保护听力。A选项（随着年龄的增长，风险会上升。）承接上文，且与下文形成转折关系，符合语境。故选A项。 【17题详解】 根据上文“Most people have never had a hearing test. (大多数人从未进行过听力测试。)”可知，此处提到大多数人没有进行过听力测试这一现象，结合下文“At your next physical, ask for a hearing test as part of routine checkup. (在下次体检时，要求将听力测试作为常规检查的一部分。)”可知，此处需说明进行听力测试的好处，以鼓励人们进行测试。C选项（然而，逆势而行对你有好处。）承接上文，且引出下文建议进行听力测试，符合语境。故选C项。 【18题详解】 根据下文“While you are watching TV or using mobile devices, keep the volume at a comfortable level. (当你看电视或使用移动设备时，将音量保持在舒适的水平。)”可知，此段主要强调控制设备音量以保护听力。B选项（监控你的设备音量。）概括了本段主题，符合语境。故选B项。 【19题详解】 根据上文“When you are in a noisy environment, wear protective hearing devices such as earplugs or protective earphones. (当你在嘈杂的环境中时，佩戴听力保护装置，如耳塞或保护性耳机。)”可知，此处提到佩戴听力保护装置，结合选项可知，E选项（你可以在当地的药店或音乐用品店找到它们。）进一步说明了这些装置的购买地点，符合语境，且选项E中的“them”对应上文的“protective hearing devices”。故选E项。 【20题详解】 根据上文“If you often listen to music on earphones using a portable music or video device, it is a good idea to have earphones that fit the unique shape of your ear canal, and block outside noise. (如果你经常使用便携式音乐或视频设备通过耳机听音乐，那么最好使用适合你耳道独特形状并能阻挡外界噪音的耳机。)”可知，此处提到使用适合耳道形状并能阻挡外界噪音的耳机的好处，D选项（同时，你会发现声音确实更优越。）承接上文，进一步说明了这种耳机的优点，符合语境。故选D项。 第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 One day I was driving to the marsh (湿地) for bird-watching. The weather forecast called for the possibility of fog. As I ____21____ the destination, the fog began to ____22____. At a turning point, I was a bit nervous and lost ____23____ of the car, accidentally running into the wet land. I tried to open the door, but it was locked as the water had ____24____ the electrical system. I remembered I had a fire extinguisher (灭火器). I ____25____ it and gave the window a ____26____ blow. It merely bounced off. I hit it again, with the ____27____ result. The water level had risen, and soon I was swinging the extinguisher underwater. I had to ____28____ for air and down to take as many ____29____ as my breath would allow. I was nearly ____30____. A part of me just wanted to give up. But then another thought came to mind, “You have a little more time. What will you ____31____ it?” “I’m going to try ____32____,” I responded. I ____33____ swinging the fire extinguisher as hard as I could and suddenly the impact felt different. I ____34____ my left hand and felt a hole in the ____35____. I knew I was going to live. 21. A. sought B. approached C. chose D. visited 22. A. build B. lift C. decrease D. disappear 23. A. sight B. track C. touch D. control 24. A. operated B. settled C. shorted D. developed 25. A. glimpsed B. grabbed C. commanded D. closed 26. A. gentle B. mild C. indirect D. heavy 27. A. same B. joyful C. positive D. different 28. A. go out B. go away C. go up D. go off 29. A. fists B. swings C. cuts D. breaks 30. A. delighted B. embarrassed C. determined D. desperate 31. A. compare with B. do with C. connect with D. mix with 32. A. faster B. harder C. better D. worse 33. A. started B. stopped C. continued D. considered 34. A. waved B. shook C. extended D. took 35. A. car B. door C. extinguisher D. window 【答案】21. B 22. A 23. D 24. C 25. B 26. D 27. A 28. C 29. B 30. D 31. B 32. B 33. C 34. C 35. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者开车去湿地观鸟时遭遇大雾，不慎将车开进湿地，车门因水短路无法打开，作者用灭火器砸窗自救，在几乎绝望时最终成功破窗逃生的故事。 【21题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我接近目的地时，雾开始形成。A. sought寻找；B. approached接近；C. chose选择；D. visited参观。根据前文“I was driving to the marsh (湿地) for bird - watching”可知，作者开车去湿地观鸟，所以此处指接近目的地。故选B项。 【22题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我接近目的地时，雾开始形成。A. build形成、积聚；B. lift升起；C. decrease减少；D. disappear消失。根据后文“The weather forecast called for the possibility of fog”可知，天气预报说可能会有雾，所以此处指雾开始形成。故选A项。 【23题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在一个转弯处，我有点紧张，失去了对汽车的控制，不小心开进了湿地。A. sight视线；B. track踪迹；C. touch触摸；D. control控制。根据后文“accidentally running into the wet land”可知，作者不小心开进了湿地，说明失去了对汽车的控制，“lose control of”表示“失去对……的控制”，符合语境。故选D项。 【24题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我试图打开车门，但车门被锁住了，因为水使电路系统短路了。A. operated操作；B. settled解决、定居；C. shorted使短路；D. developed发展。根据前文“but it was locked”可知，水使电路系统短路，所以车门被锁住了。故选C项。 【25题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我抓住它，用力地砸了一下窗户。A. glimpsed瞥见；B. grabbed抓住；C. commanded命令；D. closed关闭。根据前文“I remembered I had a fire extinguisher (灭火器)”以及后文“gave the window a ____ blow”可知，作者想起有灭火器，所以此处指抓住灭火器砸窗户。故选B项。 【26题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我抓住它，用力地砸了一下窗户。A. gentle温和的；B. mild轻微的；C. indirect间接的；D. heavy重的、用力的。根据后文“It merely bounced off”可知，灭火器只是弹了回来，说明作者用力地砸了窗户。故选D项。 【27题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我又砸了一次，结果还是一样。A. same相同的；B. joyful快乐的；C. positive积极的；D. different不同的。根据前文“It merely bounced off”以及再次击打仍未成功，可知结果相同。故选A项。 【28题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：我必须浮出水面呼吸空气，然后潜下去尽可能多地挥动灭火器。A. go out出去、熄灭；B. go away离开；C. go up上升；D. go off爆炸、离开。根据后文“for air”可知，作者需要浮出水面呼吸空气，“go up”表示“上升”，符合语境。故选C项。 【29题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我必须浮出水面呼吸空气，然后潜下去尽可能多地挥动灭火器。A. fists拳头；B. swings挥动；C. cuts切割；D. breaks休息、间断。根据前文“swinging the fire extinguisher”可知，作者一直在挥动灭火器砸窗户，所以此处指尽可能多地挥动灭火器。故选B项。 【30题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我几乎绝望了。A. delighted高兴的；B. embarrassed尴尬的；C. determined坚定的；D. desperate绝望的。根据后文“A part of me just wanted to give up”可知，作者几乎绝望了。故选D项。 【31题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：你还有一点时间。你会用它做什么？A. compare with与……比较；B. do with处理、利用；C. connect with与……连接；D. mix with与……混合。根据前文“You have a little more time”以及后文作者继续砸窗户可知，此处指作者思考如何利用剩下的时间。故选B项。 【32题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：“我要更努力地尝试，”我回答道。A. faster更快地；B. harder更努力地；C. better更好地；D. worse更糟糕地。根据后文“I ____ swinging the fire extinguisher as hard as I could”以及后文作者最终成功破窗可知，作者决定更努力地尝试。故选B项。 【33题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我继续用尽全力挥动灭火器，突然感觉撞击不同了。A. started开始；B. stopped停止；C. continued继续；D. considered考虑。根据前文“I’m going to try ____”以及后文“as hard as I could”可知，作者决定更努力地尝试，所以此处指继续用尽全力挥动灭火器。故选C项。 【34题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我伸出左手，感觉窗户上有个洞。A. waved挥动；B. shook摇晃；C. extended伸出；D. took拿走。根据后文“my left hand and felt a hole”可知，作者感觉窗户上有个洞，所以此处指伸出左手。故选C项。 【35题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我伸出左手，感觉窗户上有个洞。A. car汽车；B. door门；C. extinguisher灭火器；D. window窗户。根据前文“gave the window a ____ blow”以及后文“I knew I was going to live”可知，作者一直在砸窗户，现在感觉窗户上有个洞，说明作者成功破窗了。故选D项。 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个恰当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Celebrating the Minor New Year The 23rd of La (the 12th lunar month) is celebrated as the Minor Festival. ____36____ then, the festival mood of the Chinese New Year has begun to pick up. More and more traders’ stands appear along the streets filled with a variety of Spring Festival goods ____37____ (catch) the eyes: Spring Festival couplets, New Year paintings, window ____38____ (decorate), paper cuts, fireworks, etc. You can hear traders calling for business up and down the streets. The Minor Festival is also known as the Kitchen God Day. In the past, the picture of the Kitchen God, ____39____ (place) above or beside the stove, was worshiped (供奉) in every household. On this day, the Kitchen God would fly to Heaven to report to the Jade Emperor what he ____40____ (witness) on earth. The Kitchen God was believed to be able to determine fortunes or misfortunes of the household, to make it rich or poor. ____41____, the household took great care to worship him as best they could and not to disrespect him in any event. Among the offerings presented to the Kitchen God, there was the ____42____ (stick) sugar. When the Kitchen God took it, his teeth and lips got stuck up and couldn’t report to the Jade Emperor for anything ____43____ would be harmful to the household. After ____44____ offering ceremony was over, the picture of the Kitchen God _____45_____ (burn) and people believed he flew to Heaven while firecrackers were set off. 【答案】36. Since 37. to catch 38. decorations 39. placed 40. had witnessed 41. Therefore##Thus 42. sticky 43. that 44. the 45. was burned##burnt 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了腊月二十三是小年，也叫灶神节。街头开始充满年味，摆满年货。人们供奉灶神、用麦芽糖祭祀，焚烧灶神像送其上天，祈求家庭平安顺遂。 【36题详解】 考查固定短语。句意：这一天起，中国新年的节日气氛就开始逐渐浓厚起来。分析句子可知，此处为since then是固定短语，意为“从那时起”，置于句首首字母大写，引出春节氛围渐浓的时间节点。故填Since。 【37题详解】 考查动词不定式。句意：街头出现了越来越多的商贩摊位，摆满了各种春节商品，以吸引人们的目光：春联、新年画、窗饰、剪纸、烟花等等。根据句意可知，此处为动词不定式to do表示“为了……”作目的状语，街边摆满年货摊位，目的是吸引目光，用不定式表目的。故填to catch。 【38题详解】 考查名词复数形式。句意：街头出现了越来越多的商贩摊位，摆满了各种春节商品，以吸引人们的目光：春联、新年画、窗饰、剪纸、烟花等等。window decorations为固定表达，意为“窗花 / 窗饰”，decorate需变为名词复数形式。故填decorations。 【39题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：在过去，灶台上上方或旁边挂着的灶神画像，会在每家每户被供奉着。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词作后置定语修饰the picture of the Kitchen God（灶神像），the picture of the Kitchen God与 place（放置）是被动关系，用过去分词表被动。故填placed。 【40题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：在这一天，灶神会飞到天上去向玉皇大帝汇报他在人间所看到的一切。此处为谓语动词的填入，结合句意可知，灶神上天汇报（过去时）之前，在人间目睹的事是过去的过去，用过去完成时。故填had witnessed。 【41题详解】 考查副词。句意：因此，家庭会竭尽全力去供奉他，并且无论如何都不会不尊重他。根据句意可知，前文讲灶神能决定家庭祸福，后文讲人们尽心供奉，前后为因果关系，用因此，所以为副词Therefore/Thus“因此”的填入。故填Therefore/Thus。 【42题详解】 考查形容词。句意：供奉给灶神的祭品中，有麦芽糖。此处修饰名词sugar，用形容词 sticky（粘的），sticky sugar指祭祀用的麦芽糖。故填sticky。 【43题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：灶神吃了麦芽糖，牙齿和嘴唇就会被粘住，无法向玉帝说任何对这户人家不利的话。分析句子可知，设空处引导定语从句，先行词为不定代词anything，在从句中作主语成分，关系代词只能用that，不能用which。故填that。 【44题详解】 考查冠词。句意：祭祀仪式结束后，灶神的画像被烧毁，人们相信他飞上了天，同时还会燃放鞭炮以示庆祝。根据句意可知，此处特指祭祀灶神的仪式，用定冠词 the。故填the。 【45题详解】 考查动词时态和语态。句意：祭祀仪式结束后，灶神的画像被烧毁，人们相信他飞上了天，同时还会燃放鞭炮以示庆祝。此处为谓语动词的填入，the picture of the Kitchen God 与 burn（焚烧）是被动关系，且为过去发生的事，用一般过去时被动语态结构。故填was burned/burnt。 第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（满分15分） 46. 假设你是李华，你的外国朋友Tom对中国文学有着深厚的兴趣，想买一本优秀的中国文学作品。请你给他写一封邮件进行推荐。内容包括：1.书名；2.推荐的原因。 注意：1.字数80左右；2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Dear Tom, __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】Dear Tom, I'm delighted to hear you have a strong interest in Chinese literature. I highly recommend The Story of the Stone, also known as Dream of the Red Chamber. This classic novel is not only a vivid reflection of traditional Chinese culture and social life but also a touching story about love and fate. Its delicate language and deep insights into human nature make it a must-read. Reading it will help you better understand Chinese values and traditions. I hope you'll enjoy this great work. Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇应用文。要求考生给对中国文学有深厚兴趣的外国朋友Tom写一封邮件，推荐一本优秀的中国文学作品，包括书名和推荐原因。 【详解】1.词汇积累 强烈的，深刻的：strong → profound 感人的：touching → moving 反映：reflection → mirror 洞察力：insight → perception 2.句式拓展 同义句转化 原句：Reading it will help you better understand Chinese values and traditions. 拓展句：Reading it, you will have a better understanding of Chinese values and traditions. 【点睛】【高分句型1】This classic novel is not only a vivid reflection of traditional Chinese culture and social life but also a touching story about love and fate.（运用了not only...but also...连接两个并列的表语） 【高分句型2】Reading it will help you better understand Chinese values and traditions.（运用了动名词作主语） 第二节（满分25分） 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Brad Montague had always believed that small acts of kindness could make a difference, but he had never imagined that those acts could ripple (扩散) into something much bigger. It was a cold October morning, Brad visited a local homeless shelter to drop off some donations. It was a normal trip, something he had done many times before. But this time, he learned a shocking and heartbreaking truth — the shelter was running out of socks. Unlike coats or blankets, socks wore out quickly, and most people never thought to donate them. “Socks are often considered unimportant,” the director had explained. “But without them, people on the streets can easily catch a cold.” Autumn had arrived in Henderson, Tennessee, bringing dry air and cooler nights. Later that evening, as Brad sat on the edge of his daughter Matilda’s bed, gazing lovingly at his daughter sleeping with a stuffed rabbit in her arms, he couldn’t shake off what the shelter director had said. Socks — something so simple, something most people took for granted — were a lifeline for those suffering from cold nights on the streets. Looking at Matilda’s tiny feet kicking out from under the blanket, Brad was determined to make a difference. As a writer and artist, Brad was used to solving problems with creativity. The next morning, he mentioned the issue to his volunteer friends in the community. After he shared what had happened, one friend raised his hand, “We could collect socks!” Another added, “Let’s make it fun. It could be like a celebration or something.” Brad’s eyes lit up. “A celebration in October...” He smiled. “What about naming the activity as Socktober?” The room erupted with excitement. “Socktober!” They repeated, letting the word roll off their tongues. It was perfect. The passion had been lit, and none of them realized how big this little idea was about to become. 注意： 1.续写词数应为150左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 With the brilliant idea in mind, they knew what they should do next. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ As Socktober continued, other people in the community also joined in. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 With the brilliant idea in mind, they knew what they should do next. While his friends were wasting no time spreading the word and creating colorful posters, Brad took charge of the design of the mascot, which was an adorable rabbit stuffed with socks. He also came up with a catchy slogan “Warm Feet, Warmer Hearts.” Besides, they started various “Sock Challenges” online and offline to collect clean and warm socks. Even Matilda called on her little friends to collect cans and bottles to get money. With joint efforts, donations poured in. The shelter director was overwhelmed with gratitude. Looking at the homeless wearing warm socks, Brad and his friends felt waves of pride and excitement surging through their bodies. As Socktober continued, other people in the community also joined in. Students ran hot cocoa and cider stands and used their money to buy socks. Shop owners turned their storefronts into sock donation stations,decorated with Socktober banners. Local musicians even co-composed a song titled “Happy Socktober”. The entire community was literally transformed into a celebration of generosity, as well as socks. The small act of kindness even created bigger ripples that reached far beyond Henderson. News of Socktober inspired communities in other towns to launch their own drives, which later became an annual event across the country. Looking back on all of this, Brad learned that small acts of kindness would echo themselves and can bring about big changes. 【解析】 【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，主要讲述了Brad得知当地无家可归者庇护所缺少袜子，从而发起“Socktober”活动的故事。 【详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“有了这个绝妙的主意，他们知道下一步该做什么。”可知，第一段可描写Brad和朋友们为开展“Socktober”活动采取的具体行动，以及活动取得的初步成果，即收集到大量袜子，帮助到无家可归的人，大家感到自豪。 ②由第二段首句内容“随着索克托伯的继续，社区里的其他人也加入了进来。”可知，第二段可描写社区其他人参与到活动中的具体表现，最后Brad从中领悟到善举的力量。 2.续写线索：得知庇护所缺袜——萌生活动想法——筹备并开展活动——社区更多人参与——活动影响力扩大——领悟善举意义 3.词汇激活 行为类 ①负责：take charge of/be in charge of/be responsible for ②想出：come up with/think up/devise ③号召：call on/urge/appeal to 情绪类 ①感到自豪：felt waves of pride/take pride in/be proud of ②感动的：be touched/be moved 【点睛】【高分句型1】While his friends were wasting no time spreading the word and creating colorful posters, Brad took charge of the design of the mascot, which was an adorable rabbit stuffed with socks.(运用了while引导的时间状语从句和which引导的非限定性定语从句) 【高分句型2】News of Socktober inspired communities in other towns to launch their own drives, which later became an annual event across the country.(运用了which引导的非限定性定语从句) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $