河南鹤壁市高中2026届上学期规范化考试英语试卷（二）（平行B卷）

鹤壁市高中2026届上学期规范化考试英语试卷（二） （平行B卷） 第一部分 阅读(共两节，满分40分) 第一节(共11小题；每小题2. 5分，满分27. 5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳答案。 A What makes sharks unique also makes them vulnerable(脆弱的). Fortunately, many conservation organizations are committed to rescuing and protecting these vulnerable creatures: ·PADI AWARE Foundation— The world's largest div er training organization, PADI officially launched its global conservation charity in 1992 to promote cleaner and healthier oceans. One of its goals is to reduce the amount of sharks and rays threatened with extinction by 25%. Data collected from its new Global Shark & Ray Census will help with ongoing and future efforts to protect vulnerable species. · Shark Advocates International— Founded by veteran shark advocate Sonja Fordham, Shark Advocates International is a project of The Ocean Foundation. The non- profit promotes science- based shark conservation policies such as fishing limits, species- specific protections, and finning(鱼翅业) bans at the local, national, and international level. ·WildAid-- Known for its high- profile media campaigns, WildAid fights the global illegal wildlife trade by changing consumers' attitudes through awareness of the multi- billion dollar industry. Its anti- shark fin campaign in China featuring NBA legend Yao Ming has been especially successful, seeing an 80% drop in shark fin consumption in the country. Through its WildAid Marine Programme, the non- profit also helps protect sharks around the world, including the Galápagos Marine Reserve, home to the densest(密集的) shark population on Earth. ·WWF— With five million supporters, projects in nearly 100 countries, and one iconic(标志性的) panda logo, the World Wildlife Fund is one of the largest and most well- known conservation organizations on the planet. WWF has partnered with the international wildlife trade monitoring non- profit TRAFFIC for a joint shark conservation programme with local projects all over the world. 1. What is a goal of PADI AWARE Foundation? A. To reduce the amount of rays. B. To end the danger threatening sharks. C. To protect endangered sharks. D. To collect data from Shark & Ray Census. 2. What does WildAid succeed in doing? A. Reducing shark fin consumption. B. Promoting NBA legend Yao Ming. C. Changing consumers' attitudes towards life. D. Seeing an 80% drop in shark fin production. 3. Which organization probably has the widest reach in the world? A. WildAid. B. WWF. C. Shark Advocates International. D. PADI AWARE Foundation.In 1991，Keith B B White was at the centre of a 14-vehicle pile-up when a truck crossed the central reservation and hit the van in which he was a passenger. White survived,but his left arm was crushed beyond repair,and he lost his memory for two years. His pilot license was removed and he could no longer follow his passion for diving. But he had been sailing since he was 16， and so, in 2004， he decided to buy a boat, fitting it out so he could sail it single-handedly. "I didn't know at that point if I could sail with one hand," he says. "But at the back of my mind I had always thought I could do anything if I put my mind to it." Within a year,White had taken on the challenge of being the first one-armed sailor to circumnavigate（环航）the British Isles. Then he crossed the Atlantic alone in 2008. Last year he became the first sailor with a disability to circumnavigate the globe. Sailing single-handed for weeks requires mental,as well as physical,strength,especially when you are alone. So how does he do it？It's a question that makes the yachtsman（帆船运动员）laugh. "When you have seven children it's lovely to have a little time on your own! It's awesome," he jokes. "I do a log every hour, and my diary, and I read a few books. I have very little sleep." "I'm a sociable person：I do like lots of people around. Answering emails and chatting over Facebook can help stop any loneliness," he adds. When White made his first Atlantic crossing, he was disappointed to have his peace and quiet broken by his arrival on land. But,he says,he threw himself into meeting new people. In between adventures,he likes sailing with people who haven't tried it before or get involved in yacht races with friends. Perhaps the main reason for his success in adjusting to life after a big adventure, he says, is that he always has an idea for a new one in his back pocket. "It keeps me ticking over-there's always something new to do. I just like challenges and one leads to another." 4.Why couldn't White continue his passion for diving？ A. He lost his left arm. B. His license was due. C. He had a new hobby. D. His memory was poor. 5.How did White spend his time at sea？ A. By staying awake. B. By visiting old friends. C. By keeping himself busy. D. By attending his children. 6.What mainly leads to White's successful adjustment to life after a big adventure？ A. Socializing with new people. B. Scheduling new adventures. C. Coaching new yachtsmen. D. Organizing yacht races. 7.Which of the following best describes Keith White？ A. Creative. B. Humorous. C. Easy-going. D. Adventurous. C If you live in a region where winter weather is a regular risk，you are likely used to pouring salt on your sidewalks.But how does it work？And how much salt do humans pour onto our planet's surface？The second question is easier to answer：a lot. Salt doesn't directly melt ice，nor does it make snow simply disappear.Instead it makes water less likely to freeze in a phenomenon called freezing point depression.In the case of simple rock salt，which is a rawer，less pure version of table salt，each molecule （分子） splits into smaller elements.Normally，when water freezes into ice，its molecules line up to form a stable，orderly structure.Salt interrupts the process，however，and temperatures must drop lower to overcome that interruption and for freezing to occur. But if salt needs to interact with liquid water，how does it do anything when temperatures are stubbornly below freezing，and water should already be in the form of ice？That's where cars help clear their own way by creating friction and，in turn，heat.The friction allows for the ice that has already frozen to melt a little bit，making it unlikely to freeze. Beyond rock salt's ability to clear icy streets，it can also be destructive.Chloride ions （氯离子） can cause wear and tear on vehicles and facilities.Increasing chloride densities in North American lakes could begin to upset local ecology and degrade sources of drinking water. Many local governments are looking for alternatives to rock salt.Other salts such as magnesium chloride and calcium chloride work in the same way as rock salt，and they're perhaps even more efficient.Some experiments are testing other ice-preventing solutions，including those that contain sugars instead of or in addition to salts.Another approach relies more heavily on sand，which can mechanically make roads safer.All of this experimentation is aimed at ensuring people can travel in any weather condition —a Herculean task when winter brings its worst. 8.What's the purpose of the first sentence in Paragraph 2？ A. To introduce the topic. B. To give some evidence. C. To define the phenomenon. D. To reveal the misconception. 9.How does salt work to disturb the process of freezing？ A. By lowering the temperature. B. By melting and splitting itself. C. By lining up to form a solid structure. D. By stopping the formation of the structure. 10.What does the underlined word "densities" in Paragraph 4 mean？ A. Concentrations. B. Weights. C. Qualities. D. Salts. 11.What's the last paragraph mainly talking about？ A. Other salts won't disturb local ecology. B. Efforts are being made to guarantee safe travels. C. Many alternatives are available to solve the problem. D. Bitter winter make it impossible to secure road safety. 第二节(共5 小题； 每小题2.5分， 满分 12.5分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Lake Baikal, the biggest body of fresh water on Earth near Russia’s border with Mongolia, is home to several unusual animals, including the world’s only species of freshwater seal. Seals exist in large quantities in Baikal, about 100,000 of them, though the lake is poor in nutrition. 　12　. A study just published by Watanabe Yuuki of the National Institute of Polar Research in Tokyo suggests the answer is tiny organisms.   Most seals eat fish. And Baikal seals do, indeed, have needle－pointed teeth. But in 1982 researchers noted that they developed a second sort of specialized tooth behind those canines（犬齿). They have sharp teeth which look like combs. 　13　. But Dr. Watanabe guessed that they might be an adaptation for feeding on other strange creatures in the lake.   Seals arrived in Baikal 2 million years ago, from the Arctic Ocean. So too did some much smaller sea creatures, known as amphipods. These have grown into more than 340 species. 　14　. But Dr Watanabe wondered if the Baikal seals’ comb－like teeth might enable them to filter（过滤) these tiny creatures from the water in sufficient quantities to make them useful food sources. 　15　.   Records showed that the seals would dive in with their mouths open and collect amphipod groups that form at night. Dr Watanabe estimated that each seal catches an average of 57 amphipods per dive. 　16　, for the seals do hunt fish as well. But they also compete with those fish for the amphipods, thus partially bypassing a link in the foods chain and perhaps maintaining themselves in larger numbers than what would otherwise be possible.   A. The needlelike canines are necessary B. So how they do so well has been a puzzle C. This has led to their numbers increasing sharply D. At the time, nobody knew what to make of them E. He therefore used waterproof cameras to observe a few seals F. Cameras remained attached to some seals for between two and four days G. Sea mammals of the size of seals would normally see amphipods as too small to hunt 第二部分 英语知识运用(共两节，满分30分) 第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给四个选项A、B、C和D中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Bingley, a Sayre School student from America, decided that he would devote himself to studying the environment to have a broad influence on the community. To reduce the carbon footprint, Bingley planned to 　17　 enough solar energy to power the school’s science labs. Now his plan is set to happen. To fix 30 solar panels is　18　for late November. As he began his research　19　 solar energy, he discovered a useful phone app. By entering an address, he could find out how much sunlight the　20　 receives each day. Based on the data, he found that his school building was the best position. At the suggestion of his science teacher, Debbie Wheeler, he first performed an energy　21　 of the science lab to see how much energy a typical lab uses per day. Then, he started his research, 　22　a local company of solar panels to do the job. He lacked money for starting the project, so he　23　 Sayre’s head to support him after explaining the 　24　of solar power for the school and community.   Since Sayre provided the　25　 seed money to provide infrastructure and the purchase of one panel, the project has　26　 to include a total of 30 panels. They are expected to produce enough energy to　27　 all the science labs on campus.   “It feels like a dream to think that an idea I had from my AP Environmental class would have this kind of　28　,” said Bingley, expressing gratitude for Wheeler’s help. Wheeler said the success was due to Bingley’s efforts and 　29　 to follow through on the project from start to finish. “I’ve had other students talk about　30　 initiatives(倡议) on campus, but Bingley had the persistence and courage to make it happen,” she said.   Bingley said that he would 　31　 like to study environmental engineering at university.   17. A. explore B. invest C. produce D. switch 18. A. defined B. identified C. output　　 D. scheduled 19. A. beyond B. on C. with　　 D. through 20. A. location B. destination C. transmission D. occasion 21. A. surplus B. allowance C. budget　　 D. calculation 22. A. employing B. contacting C. protecting　 D. urging 23. A. convinced B. demanded C. refreshed　　 D. submitted 24. A. causes B. plots C. benefits　　 D. origins 25. A. initial B. flexible C. optional　　 D. sustainable 26. A. accumulated B. grown C. rewarded　　 D. sponsored 27. A. decorate B. furnish C. run　　 D. equip 28. A. influence B. criterion C. experience　 D. management 29. A. caution B. friendliness C. inspiration　 D. willingness 30. A. cultural B. environmental C. practical　　 D. theoretical 31. A. casually B. deliberately C. eventually　 D. gradually 第二节 在每题的空白处填入所给单词的正确形式并将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。（共10小题；每小题3分，满分30分） 32. The sailors steered the ship carefully to escape _________ (harm) by the powerful waves.   33. I was _________ (shock) at the news that I got my privacy leaked as a result of using smartphone.   34. In my opinion, the young man is equal _____ the job on account of his creativity. 35. To my amazement, our first attempt _________ (develop) a new software was a great success.   36. These businessmen are anxious _________ (know) the detailed contents of the policy.   37. The police have had him under _________(observe) for several weeks. 38. He didn’t do enough _________(prepare) for his exam, and failed. 39. Obviously, his _________(survive) depends on his perseverance to a degree. 40. We must take instant _________(measure) to ensure the safety of the project. 41. Many recommendations came up at the conference about wildlife _________ (protect). 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 鹤壁市高中2026届上学期规范化考试英语（二） （平行B卷）答案 阅读理解 A 【文章大意】本篇是一篇应用文。本文介绍了一些鲨鱼保护组织。 1.【答案】C 【解析】推理判断题，根据PADIAWARE Foundation中的“One of its goals is to reduce the amount ofsharks and rays threatened with extinction by 25%."可知,PADI的目标之一是保护濒危的鲨鱼。 2.【答案】A 【解析】细节理解题。根据 WildAid 中的“Is anti-shark fin campaign in China featuring NBA legend YaoMing has been especially successful, seeing an 80% drop in shark fin consumption in the country.”可知,该组织在中国发起的以NBA传奇姚明为主角的反鱼翅运动尤其成功,中国的鱼翅消费量下降了80%。 3.【答案】B【解析】推理判断题。根据对四个组织的介绍以及最后一段“Withfivemilionsupporters，projects in nearly100 countries, and one iconic panda logo, the World Wildlife fund is one of the largest and most well-knownconservation organizations on the planet."可知.WWF的覆盖范围可能最广。 B 文章是记叙文， Keith White在经历一次车祸后失去了左臂，却依然在喜欢的领域大放异彩。 做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据。 【答案】A、C、B、D 【解析】4 A.细节理解题。根据原文第二段  "I didn't know at that point if I could sail with one hand," he says. ""那时候我不知道自己是否能单手航行，"他说。可知A选项"He lost his left arm.失去了左臂"是原因。故选A. 5 C.推理判断题。根据原文第四段 "I do a log every hour, and my diary, and I read a few books. I have very little sleep." 我每小时都写日志，写日记，还读几本书。我睡得很少。"可知他使得自己忙碌起来打发时间。C选项"By keeping himself busy使自己忙碌起来"符合题意，故选 C. 6 B.推理判断题。根据原文最后一段Perhaps the main reason for his success in adjusting to life after a big adventure, he says, is that he always has an idea for a new one in his back pocket. "It keeps me ticking over-there's always something new to do. I just like challenges and one leads to another."他说，在经历了一场大冒险后，他之所以能成功适应生活，主要原因可能是他总能想出一个新点子。"它让我不停地工作--总是有新的事情要做。我只是喜欢挑战，一个接一个。"可知他是不断的迎接新的调整来适应生活，而B选项"Scheduling new adventures.计划新的冒险"符合题意。故选 B. 7 D.推理判断题。根据原文第三段 Last year he became the first sailor with a disability to circumnavigate the globe.去年，他成为首位环球航行的残疾海员。以及接下来几段对他的描述他永远都乐于迎接挑战，可知D选项"Adventurous爱冒险的"符合题意。A.Creative有创造力的；B.Humorous幽默的；C. Easy-going随和的，均不符合题意，故选D. C 【答案】D、D、A、B 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人们在冬天通过在路面撒盐来缓解雪后因道路结冰而造成的交通安全问题，并就此问题所带来的环境问题进行科普。 做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。 8.目的意图题。根据第二段第一句Salt doesn't directly melt ice，nor does it make snow simply disappear.（盐不会直接融化冰，也不会让雪消失。）以及第二句Instead it makes water less likely to freeze in a phenomenon called freezing point depression.（相反，它使水更不容易冻结，这种现象被称为冰点降低。）可知，第二段第一句的目的是揭示一个错误认知，纠正盐直接使雪和冰融化的错误想法。故选D项。 9.细节理解题。根据第二段Normally，when water freezes into ice，its molecules line up to form a stable，orderly structure.Salt interrupts the process，however，and temperatures must drop lower to overcome that interruption and for freezing to occur.（正常情况下，当水结冰时，它的分子会排成一行，形成一个稳定有序的结构。然而，盐会打断这一过程，而温度必须降得更低，才能克服这种干扰，从而发生冻结。）可知，盐会干扰水分子在结冰时形成稳定、有序的结构。故选D项。 10.词句猜测题。根据划线词所在的句子Increasing chloride densities in North American lakes could begin to upset local ecology and degrade sources of drinking water.（北美湖泊中氯化物 densities的增加可能会扰乱当地生态，并使饮用水源退化。）可知，氯离子的浓度增加会使当地生态系统受到干扰，并使饮用水源退化。所以划线词的意思是"浓度"。A．Concentrations浓度；B．Weights重量；C．Qualities品质；D．Salts盐。故选A项。 11.段落大意题。根据最后一段，尤其是All of this experimentation is aimed at ensuring people can travel in any weather condition…（所有这些试验都是为了确保人们在任何天气条件下都能出行。）可知，本段主要阐述地方政府正在努力确保冰雪天气人们出行安全。故选B项。 七选五 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。尽管贝加尔湖营养物质匮乏，却存在大量的淡水海豹。这些淡水海豹是如何生存得这么好的呢？一项刚发表的研究表明，它们是通过捕食微生物来生存的。 12. B　空前一句中的large quantities和poor in nutrition形成对比，设空处内容应是由上文内容引发的疑问，故B项符合语境，且下文中的the answer is tiny organisms与B项相呼应。 13. D　结合空后一句可推知，空后讲到的内容是在揭秘，再结合上文的in 1982 researchers noted ...which look like combs可知，设空处内容应该是当时对淡水海豹像梳子一样的牙齿的不解，故D项符合语境。 14. G　结合空后的But可以推断，设空处会讲到一般来说像海豹这样的生物会认为这些较小的海洋生物不适合被捕食，故G项符合语境。 15. E　根据上文中的Dr Watanabe wondered if ...food sources可知，设空处应该会承接上一句，讲到Dr Watanabe是如何弄清楚自己的疑问的，故E项符合语境。 16. A　根据下文中的for the seals do hunt fish as well并结合常识可知，针状的犬齿对于捕食鱼很有帮助，所以也是必需的，故A项符合语境。 完形填空 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了美国Sayre学校的学生Bingley为了减少碳足迹，进行科学研究，在学校的资助下联系太阳能板公司安装太阳能给学校科学实验室提供能量的故事。 17. 解析：C　根据下文to power the school􀆳s science labs可知，此处是计划生产足够的太阳能。 18. 解析：D　根据上文his plan可知，此处表示“计划，安排”。 19. 解析：B　根据语境可知，此处表示关于太阳能的研究。 20. 解析：A　根据上文entering an address可知，此处表示地方。 21. 解析：D　根据下文to see how much energy a typical lab uses per day可知，为了看实验室要用多少能量，他是需要计算的。 22. 解析：B　根据下文He lacked money for starting the project可知，他缺钱启动这个项目，所以是联系了一家太阳能板公司来做这项工作。 23. 解析：A　他缺钱来启动这个项目，因此他解释了太阳能对于学校和社区的好处来说服Sayre的校长支持他。 24. 解析：C　参见上题解析。 25. 解析：A　根据下文seed money可知，这是第一笔钱。 26. 解析：B　根据下文include a total of 30 panels可知，该项目已经扩大。 27. 解析：C　太阳能板产生足够的能量，是为了使学校实验室能够运行下去。 28. 解析：A　根据下文expressing gratitude for Wheeler’s help可知，Bingley的想法产生了影响。 29. 解析：D　根据下文to follow through on the project from start to finish可知，Bingley乐意自始至终坚持做这个项目。 30. 解析：B　根据第一段中的he would devote himself to studying the environment to have a broad influence on the community可知，Bingley进行的项目是有关环境的，所以此处表示“学生们谈论环境倡议”。 31. 解析：C　根据语境可知，环境工程是Bingley最终想要学习的。 语法填空 32. 原句为 “The sailors steered the ship carefully to escape being harmed by the powerful waves”。“escape doing sth” 是固定用法，意为 “逃避做某事”，而 “ship”（船）和 “harm”（伤害）之间是被动关系，即船被巨浪伤害，所以要用动名词的被动形式 “being harmed”，该句意为 “水手们小心地驾驶着船，以免被巨浪伤害”，故填 “being harmed”。 33. 原句为 “I was shocked at the news that I got my privacy leaked as a result of using smartphone”。主语 “I”（我）和 “shock”（使震惊）之间是被动关系，即我被这个消息震惊了，所以用过去分词作表语，“shocked” 表示 “感到震惊的”，此句意为 “得知由于使用智能手机，我的隐私被泄露了，我感到很震惊”，故填 “shocked”。 34. 原句为 “In my opinion, the young man is equal to the job on account of his creativity”。“be equal to” 是固定短语，意为 “胜任……”，该句意为 “在我看来，这个年轻人因为有创造力，能胜任这份工作”，故填 “to”。 35. 原句为 “To my amazement, our first attempt to develop a new software was a great success”。“attempt to do sth” 是固定搭配，意为 “尝试做某事”，“to” 后面接动词原形。“develop” 意为 “研发”，此句意为 “令我惊讶的是，我们第一次尝试研发新软件就取得了巨大的成功”，故填 “to develop”。 36. 原句为 “These businessmen are anxious to know the detailed contents of the policy”。“be anxious to do sth” 是固定用法，意为 “急于做某事”，“to” 后面接动词原形。“know” 意为 “了解”，该句意为 “这些商人急于了解这项政策的详细内容”，故填 “to know”。 37. 原句为 “The police have had him under observation for several weeks”。“under observation” 是固定短语，意为 “被观察”，“observation” 是名词，由动词 “observe”（观察）转化而来，此句意为 “警方已经对他进行了几周的监视”，故填 “observation”。 38. 原句为 “He didn’t do enough preparation for his exam, and failed”。形容词 “enough”（足够的）后面需要接名词，“prepare” 是动词，意为 “准备”，其名词形式是 “preparation”（准备），该句意为 “他对考试准备不足，结果没及格”，故填 “preparation”。 39. 原句为 “Obviously, his survival depends on his perseverance to a degree”。形容词性物主代词 “his”（他的）后面需要接名词，“survive” 是动词，意为 “幸存”，其名词形式是 “survival”（生存），此句意为 “显然，他的生存在一定程度上取决于他的毅力”，故填 “survival”。 40. 原句为 “We must take instant measures to ensure the safety of the project”。“take measures” 是固定短语，意为 “采取措施”，“measure” 作 “措施” 讲时，常用复数形式 “measures”，该句意为 “我们必须立即采取措施，确保项目的安全”，故填 “measures”。 41. 原句为 “Many recommendations came up at the conference about wildlife protection”。介词 “about”（关于）后面需要接名词，“protect” 是动词，意为 “保护”，其名词形式是 “protection”（保护），此句意为 “会议上提出了许多关于野生动物保护的建议”，故填 “protection”。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $