2025-2026学年高中英语外研版（2019）选择性必修第三册教材课文语法填空 课件

语 填 外研社课文改编系列 xyz 1 Unit 1. Face values 2 PART 1 It's all about ME! 3 Unit 1. It's all about ME! “Me”. It‘s a small word with big ________________ （mean）, and that meaning is as individual to each of us as the way we look. Through interviews, was able to discover _________ "me" means to other people, and how they have learnt to appreciate the ________________ (beautiful) in themselves. meaning what beauty 4 Unit 1. It's all about ME! Psychologist, Dr Hart Jade, 24, accounting manager As a song in Ugly Betty puts it, "It's a pretty person's world". I understand this more than most, as I have always been plain-looking. I'm girl _________ would love to look good. Well, who wouldn't? So, ever since I discovered selfie apps that could remove my freckles, ________________ (large) my eyes and even slim my jawline, I have become _________________ (addict). I spend hours every day editing my selfies, _______________ (post) them and ________________ (eager) checking my phone a hundred times for comments. Each "like" boosts my ____________________ (confident). Dad thinks I am a narcissist, but what I say is that my pictures aren't hurting anyone, so who cares? who enlarge posting addicted eagerly confidence 5 Unit 1. It's all about ME! Dr Hart says: Obsessive online photo editing indicates lack of self ___________________ (confident) and a desire for attention. However, the image Jade presents to obtain the praise of others is false. People ________ pretend to be someone they are not tend ______________________ (misjudge) ____________________ (they). confidence who to misjudge themselves 6 Unit 1. It's all about ME! Anthony, 21, college student I never really cared about my ___________________ (appear). That's why I could never understand my sister, _______ has 17 lipsticks and can't decide which one to use every morning. I only used ___________________ (have) five identical pairs of trousers and five identical shirts. When I first _______________ (move) into my dormitory at college, this made my roommates quite ___________________ (confuse) as they saw me in the same clothes day after day. Last month they _____________________ (register) me for TV, New You. appearance who moved to have confused registered 7 Unit 1. It's all about ME! It felt bizarre at first. I didn't like _____________________________ (review) from head to toe. But I was surprised at how good I looked after the makeover! For the first time in my life I saw _____________ (me) as a handsome and well-presented young man. At that moment, I perceived that external beauty isn’t _____________________ (total) worthless. It can be an ____________________ (express) of our personalities, ____________________ (help) us make a good and positive impression ________ others. being reviewed myself expression totally helping on 8 Unit 1. It's all about ME! Dr Hart says: It's true ____________ inner beauty is very important, but external beauty shouldn't be completely ____________________ (overlook). It plays a part _______ the image we present to the world, and making an effort with your appearance can leave a positive first impression on others and boost your ___________________ (confident). that overlooked in confidence 9 PART 2 The Hunchback of Notre-Dame 10 Unit 1. The Hunchback of Notre-Dame _________________ (publish) in 1831, The Hunchback of Notre-Dame tells a tragic story of events in Paris. Esmeralda’s _________________ (beautiful) means that many men fall in love with her. One such man sends the hunchback Quasimodo to kidnap Esmeralda. But Quasimodo fails and _________________ (capture) and tortured in public. Esmeralda hears his call for water, and steps forwards out of mercy. She offers Quasimodo a drink of water, ___________ saves him and also captures his heart. When Esmeralda is later sentenced to ____________ (die) for a crime she did not commit, Quasimodo rescues her from an angry crowd outside the Notre-Dame Cathedral. Esmeralda is safe from execution ________ long as she stays inside the cathedral... Published beauty which is captured death as 11 Unit 1. The Hunchback of Notre-Dame Esmeralda and Quasimodo were still for several _________________ (moment), as they considered their predicament _______ silence she so graceful, he so repulsive. Every moment Esmeralda discovered some fresh defect in Quasimodo, as her glance ___________________ (travel) from his knock knees to his hunched back, from his hunched back to his single eye. How anyone could be formed ______ such a way was beyond her ___________________________ (comprehend). Yet there was so much melancholy and so much gentleness spread over all this that she ___________________ (gradual) adjusted to it. moments in in travelled comprehension gradually 12 Unit 1. The Hunchback of Notre-Dame He was the first ____________________ (break) the silence. "So you were telling me to return?” She moved her head, and _________ (say), "Yes." He understood the motion of the head "But!“ he said, as though hesitating whether ___________________ (finish), "I am-I am deaf." "Poor wretch!" exclaimed Esmeralda, with an ____________________ (express) of heartfelt compassion. to break said expression to finish 13 Unit 1. The Hunchback of Notre-Dame He began to smile ___________ (sad). "You suppose that was all that I was missing, do you not? Yes, I am deaf, that is the way I am made. It is horrible, is it not, next to your exquisite beauty!" There lay in the accents of the ________________________ (fortunate) man so significant an _____________________ (aware) of his sadness that she had not the strength to utter a syllable. In any case, he would not have heard _________ (she). He continued: sadly unfortunate her awareness 14 Unit 1. The Hunchback of Notre-Dame "Never have I _______________ (view) my ugliness as at the present moment. When I compare myself to you, I feel an immense pity for myself, poor ____________________ (fortunate) monster that I am! Be honest, to you I must resemble some savage creature. You, you are a ray of sunshine, drop of dew, a birdsong, whilst I am something terrible, neither human ________ beast. I don't know what am, as I am coarser, more downtrodden, and plainer __________ pebble!" viewed unfortunate than nor 15 Unit 1. The Hunchback of Notre-Dame Then he began to laugh, and that laugh was the most heartbreaking sound in the world. He ___________________ (continue): “Yes, I am deaf, but you shall talk ____ me with your hands as my master talks to me, and then I shall quickly know your wishes from the _______________________ (move） of your lips, from your _____________________ (express). "Well!" she smiled, "Explain to me why you rescued me.” He watched her intently while she was speaking. continued to expression movement 16 Unit 1. The Hunchback of Notre-Dame "I understand," he replied. "You ask me why rescued you. You have forgotten an unfortunate person who attempted _____________________ (kidnap) you one night, this same person to ______________ you showed kindness when he was being _____________________ (punish). A drop of water and a little pity that is more than I can repay with my life. You have forgotten that unfortunate soul, __________ he remembers it. She listened ______ him with profound tenderness. A tear ____________(swim) in the eye of Quasimodo, but did not fall. He seemed to make it a point of honor to keep it at bay. (Adaptation from The Hunchback of Notre-Dame by Victor Hugo) to kidnap whom but punished to swam 17 Unit 2. A life’s work 18 PART 1 Life Behind the Lens 19 Unit 2. Life Behind the Lens A white-haired old man riding an ordinary bicycle around the streets of New York, always wearing the same blue worker’s jacket and simple black running shoes. If you saw him, you’d never think there was anything remarkable about him. And yet every member of New York’s wealthy high society wanted nothing more than ________ (pose) for this man. This ordinary-looking man was Bill Cunningham, one of the most important American ___________________ (photographer) of the last 50 years. to pose photographers 20 Unit 2. Life Behind the Lens What made Cunningham so great? It certainly wasn’t the use of expensive technologically-advanced _________ (equip). Cunningham always used simple, relatively cheap cameras and took all his pictures on the streets of New York, not in a studio. Nor was it a wide range of contacts and connections. Although he always knew ________ fashionable parties and events were happening, Cunningham liked to photograph ordinary people in the poor Bronx as much as VIPs in rich Manhattan. equipment where 21 Unit 2. Life Behind the Lens He found inspiration ________ others could not, in simple, everyday scenes, such as a man buying oranges at the local grocery store, or a woman riding home on the graffiti-covered subway. These things were real, and it was within their reality ________ Cunningham saw both beauty and potential. Through his _______________ (fascinate) with what people were wearing, and not who they were, he opened the doors of fashion to everyone — fashion as he saw it belonged to the people, not just to high society and big brands. that fascination where 22 Unit 2. Life Behind the Lens Moreover, ________ made Cunningham great was his devotion ________ photography, and the hours and hours of sheer hard work he put into his work. Cunningham would go out onto the streets of New York each and every day, regardless of the weather. He would even stay outside in a storm, not coming back ________ he knew he had the right photos. He hardly ever took a day ________ and not once stayed home sick. This devotion and hard work is ________ we see reflected within his photos. This is what makes them so special. to until what off what 23 Unit 2. Life Behind the Lens Although he was a world-famous fashion photographer, Cunningham’s approach to life was uncomplicated. He lived in a small apartment with a ________ (share) washroom. A simple restaurant was where he usually had the same meal of sausages, eggs and coffee. shared 24 Unit 2. Life Behind the Lens Cunningham never accepted the benefits ________ (offer) to him for being a fashion photographer. He valued his integrity and would not ______________ (buy) by anyone, no matter how many free clothes or flights to faraway destinations he was offered. And if he went to a celebrity party, he was there to work rather than have fun. “Money’s the cheapest thing,” he once said, then added: “... ____________ (free) is the most expensive.” This lack of self-interest and promotion kept Cunningham ________ (focus) on his craft, enabling him to capture New York’s unique street style. be bought freedom offered focused 25 Unit 2. Life Behind the Lens Cunningham’s passion_____________ photography lasted throughout his life. He was 87 when he passed away, and had been working right up until his last illness. Nothing ever stopped him _________ getting the photo he wanted. His hard work made him more than a fashion photographer — he was a “cultural anthropologist”, who we can thank for recording the life of a whole city and its people over half a century. Bill Cunningham was an observer, and not one of the ________ (observe), a worker not a star — and this was _____________ he wanted it. from observed for how 26 PART 2 Master of time 27 Unit 2. Master of time In the quiet courtyards of Xi San Suo, behind the high walls of the Forbidden City, time ticks at its own pace. If it hadn’t been ________ a three-episode documentary, outsiders would never have known that the plainly-dressed people working here are masters of their craft, who have spent their lives ______________ (restore) precious antiques. Among these _________ (be) the clock restoration master, Wang Jin. restoring is for 28 Unit 2. Master of time Walking through the seven crimson gates towards his workplace, Wang Jin still regards himself as an ordinary worker in the Palace Museum, although now he is often stopped by admirers _________ (want) their photo taken with him. Day in, day ________, Mr Wang and his students spend their time restoring clocks ________ (date) back hundreds of years. But for quite some time, he and his student Qi Haonan used to be the only two people ____________ (repair) timepieces in the Palace Museum. out dating wanting repairing 29 Unit 2. Master of time Qing emperors were very fond of clocks. Therefore, in order to please them, foreign envoys presented these emperors ________ the most intricate and splendid timepieces. Today, the Palace Museum has one of the most significant collections of timepieces in the world, mainly _________________ (originate) from Europe and China. with originating 30 Unit 2. Master of time With objects ranging from small pocket watches ________ clocks over one metre in ________ (high), each of these requires its own unique method of restoration. Given the _______________ (complex) of the work and the lack of necessary materials, this means that each expert can work on a ______________ (max) of two large pieces a year. But, through their painstaking efforts, Mr Wang and his students do more than repair the clocks — they bring them back to life. height complexity to maximum 31 Unit 2. Master of time The only sound _____________ （ break） the silence in Wang Jin’s workshop is the chiming melody of the ______________(repaire) and polished clocks. To Wang Jin it is the most beautiful music in the world. Now, after eight _____________(month) of endless adjustments, the time has finally come for Mr Wang to wind up the gigantic clocks that date back ________ the time of Emperor Qianlong. repaired month to break to 32 Unit 2. Master of time The ______________ (intricate) fashioned objects that ______________________ (stand) still for centuries instantly come back to life: water flows, boats sail, dogs bark, chickens flap their wings and a woman starts to spin. It is a _________ (true) awe-inspiring moment. It is suddenly clear that when the clock masters say that “these antiques have lives”, it is neither an exaggeration _________ a metaphor. have stood truly intricately nor 33 Unit 2. Master of time But, despite the _____________ (combine) work of several generations of masters, it seems unlikely that the restoration of the clocks will ever be complete. Even if every clock in the Palace Museum were restored, there would still be work ________ (do), because restoration would _____________ (probable) need to begin again on the clocks that were repaired long ago. This is a race ________ time that can never be won! Nonetheless, Mr Wang remains optimistic ________ the future of these timepieces. to do probably combined against about 34 Unit 2. Master of time _______________ (follow) in the footsteps of his own teacher all those years ago, Mr Wang has now passed on his skills ________ the new members, who will take on many of the future repairs. What’s more, inspired to follow in his father’s footsteps, Mr Wang’s son now has also taken up ________________ (repair) antique clocks. This new generation of artisans will not only help preserve traditional skills: the __________________ (innovate) they bring to the craft will also ensure that the art of clock repairing stands the test of time. to repairing Following innovation 35 Unit 2. Master of time In today’s fast-paced world, the saying that “time waits for no man” has never seemed more apt. Yet inside the ____________ (hide) courtyards of Xi San Suo, there is something timeless about the way Mr Wang and his colleagues sedately piece together the past with ____________ (skill) hands and modest hearts. It is as if they have become one with their craft and with the history of the country. hidden skilful/skillful 36 Unit 3. War and peace 37 PART 1 The D-DAY LANDINGS 38 Unit 3. The D-DAY LANDINGS By spring 1944, the Second World War had been raging across the globe about five years. But along the south coast of England, something ________ (usual) was happening: Allied troops ________ (make) up mainly of British, Canadian and American soldiers were gathering in large numbers. made unusual 39 Unit 3. The D-DAY LANDINGS This marked one of the final __________ (stage) of a top-secret operation that had been months, perhaps years, in the planning. Code-named “Operation Overlord”, it was the largest combined sea, air and land operation in history, the aim _________ (be) to free north-west Europe from German _________________ (occupy). After waiting for the perfect ______________ (combine) of weather, moon and tides, the date for the start of Operation Overlord _________ (set) for 6 June. being combination stages was set occupation 40 Unit 3. The D-DAY LANDINGS An order _________ (issue) by Supreme Allied Commander General Eisenhower to the troops read: “Your task will not be _________ easy one. Your enemy is well trained, well _____________ (equip) and battle-hardened... But this is the year 1944... The tide has turned! The free men of the world are marching together ________ Victory! I have full confidence in your courage, ____________ (devote) to duty and skill in battle. We will accept nothing _________ (little) than full Victory!” an to issued devotion equipped less 41 Unit 3. The D-DAY LANDINGS With these words _________ (ring) in their ears, Allied soldiers prepared for _________ would become known as D-DAY. At dawn on 6 June thousands landed by parachute behind enemy lines in northern France. Meanwhile, thousands more were journeying _________ the English Channel to Normandy, ____________ (protect) by fighter planes in the skies above them. Their objective was clear: _________ (reach) the Normandy beaches along about 80 kilometres of French coastline. But even in the depths of war, few could have been prepared for the violence and horror they would experience there. what protected ringing to reach across 42 Unit 3. The D-DAY LANDINGS The _________ (fierce) fighting was at Omaha Beach. The enemy were hiding, ready to attack the Allied soldiers even before they reached land. Boats _________ (hit) and men drowned, while those ________ did make it to the beach faced heavy machine gunfire. By mid-morning, hundreds ________ (lie) dead in the water and amongst the tanks on the beach. One soldier recalled how he _________ (bare) made it with bombs falling all around him: “I was the first one out. The seventh man was the next one to get across the beach without ___________ (hit). All the ones in between were hit. Two were killed; three were injured. That’s how _________ (luck) you had to be.” were hit lay fiercest barely who being hit lucky 43 Unit 3. The D-DAY LANDINGS But, despite the high cost in human life, the D-day landings were a success and ______________ (see) widely as the beginning of the end of the Second World War. By the end of August 1944. the Allies ___________________ (reach) the River Seine. Paris was liberated. and the Germans had been removed from north-west France. The Allied forces then prepared to enter Germany, _________ they would meet up with the Soviet military moving in from the east. were seen had reached where 44 Unit 3. The D-DAY LANDINGS Seventy years later, men who had fought on D-day gathered on both _________ (side) of the English Channel, where people were coming together ______________ memorial ceremonies. ____________ part of this solemn and moving occasion, a former soldier read out to the crowd these lines from the poem For the Fallen, by Laurence Binyon: They shall grow not old, as we that are left grow old: Age shall not weary them, nor the years condemn. At the going down of the sun and in the morning We will remember them. sides for As 45 Unit 3. The D-DAY LANDINGS ______________ (survive) of the D-day landings continue to meet ___________________ (remember) the fellow soldiers and friends they lost that day. Although each year they are _________ (few) in number, their outstanding acts of courage mean that we will always remember them — as well as those who lost their lives on the beaches of northern France. Survivors to remember fewer 46 PART 2 LIANDA: A PLACE OF PASSION, BELIEF AND COMMITMENT 47 Unit 3. LIANDA: Throughout history, the great thinkers of the world have often rather _____________________ (romantic) referred to their academic struggles ________ being like “war”. However, for most of them, the “war” has been purely ________________ (symbol). Real war is never romantic as it brings ________________ (suffer) and immense challenges. as romantically suffering symbolic 48 Unit 3. LIANDA: In 1937, the _________________ (aggressive) of the Japanese army brought disaster to China’s three great universities: Peking University and Tsinghua University __________________ (occupy) by Japanese troops, while Nankai University was ___________________ (complete) destroyed by bombing. To save their educational and intellectual heritage, the three universities joined together in Kunming ________ National Southwest Associated University, otherwise known as Lianda. were occupied as aggression completely 49 Unit 3. LIANDA: Professors and students alike in the three universities made ________ epic journey over a distance of more than 2,000 kilometres, most of them on foot. Their bed was the dusty road and their roof was the open sky, often lit up by _____________ (explode) Japanese bombs. Conditions were little better once they reached the remote and mountainous south-west part of China. They had to live in rough buildings, packed 40 to a room, like sardines. There were dire shortages of food, books, and _____________ (equip). Furthermore, classes were frequently disrupted due to fierce air attacks and often had to ____________ (hold) before 10 am and after 4 pm. exploding be held an equipment 50 Unit 3. LIANDA: However, despite the immense hardships and the daunting challenges, it was right in this place, over a period of eight long years, _________ the nation’s intellectual heritage was not only guarded but fortified by the passion and belief of the ____________ (worth) academics of Lianda. ________ is no wonder that many, if not most, of China’s leading scholars and scientists emerged at Lianda, including the two Nobel Prize-winning physicists, Yang Zhenning and Li Zhengdao. worthy that It 51 Unit 3. LIANDA: “Lianda _________ (lay) the foundation for every achievement I have made,” Yang recalled. He still remembers learning in a temporary classroom that had no glass  in the windows. “On windy days, we had to hold down the paper on the desk, which would otherwise _____________ (blow) away,” he said. laid be blown 52 Unit 3. LIANDA: With the country at war, students at Lianda were not going to shirk their duty. Driven by a sense of __________________ (commit), a great many joined the army ______________ (resist) the Japanese invaders and defend the honour of the nation. In fact, Lianda provided the largest number of student-soldiers from any campus in China. ________ the thousands of college students from all over China ________________ served as interpreters, one tenth _____________ (be) from Lianda, including the well-known _________________ (translate) Zha Liangzheng and Xu Yuanchong. to resist who / that commitment Of were translators 53 Unit 3. LIANDA: Zha later depicted the contributions of his peers in a poem: Softly, on the hillside ______________ (forget) by all, A ________ (mist) rain falls in a gentle breeze; There is no trace of the footprints of history; Where brave souls once stood, breathing new life into the trees. forgotten misty 54 Unit 3. LIANDA: A product of the war, Lianda is now ________________ (physical) gone. But it has become the crowning glory of China’s modern universities, not only because of its prominent professors and talented students, _________ also because of the school’s strong spirit of ______________ (persevere) and __________________ (dedicate). In 2017, ______________ (represent) from Peking University, Tsinghua University, Nankai University and Yunnan Normal University gathered _________________ (commemorate) the 80th anniversary of its founding. but dedication physically perseverance representatives to commemorate 55 Unit 3. LIANDA: More than eighty years on, the priceless contribution of Lianda still needs to ___________________ (reaffirm). It has become part of the ________________ (collect) memory of the Chinese nation, with its spirit as the blueprint for all universities in China _______________ the modern era. collective in be reaffirmed 56 Unit 4. A glimpse of the future 57 PART 1 Artificial Intelligence：A REAL THREAT? 58 Unit 4. Artificial Intelligence：A REAL THREAT? In the words of Professor Stephen Hawking, Artificial Intelligence will be “either the best, _______________ the worst thing, ever to happen to humanity”. Technology of Tomorrow Forum wants to hear your thoughts on AI. Is it our _________________ (great) human achievement so far? Or is it the biggest threat to our existence? greatest or 59 Unit 4. Artificial Intelligence：A REAL THREAT? Millenniumbutterfly Thanks to AI, I’ve got my own super-smart personal assistant ___________ (build) into my phone. She always has __________ immediate answer for any question I put to her, and even uses my answers to learn more about my __________________ (prefer). It used to feel like 50 per cent of my time was spent __________________ (research) new restaurants. __________ contrast, my PA only needs a few seconds to find the right place. Every recommendation she gives me is great since she can predict ________________ I will like a particular restaurant. an researching built preference(s) In / By if / whether 60 Unit 4. Artificial Intelligence：A REAL THREAT? And speaking of hanging out, I’m hoping that self-driving cars are available soon. I’ve been taking driving lessons for over a year, and still haven’t got my licence. Self-driving cars can learn to drive in the same way __________ we do, and can make judgements based on information. And as they won’t be susceptible ________ human error, they’ll certainly be a lot ________ (safe). The only thing is that there might be a few machine-learning problems when the first cars hit the market, so perhaps I’d better learn to drive first. Still, I do think that developments in AI will _________ the whole make doing day-to-day things a lot easier. to on that safer 61 Unit 4. Artificial Intelligence：A REAL THREAT? Popkid  The technology you’re using and enjoying today is a _________ (base) form of AI which can’t think independently without __________________ (program). Of course. it could be very useful to have a more advanced form of AI — a ________ (true) independent form of artificial intelligence, capable ________ exercising its own judgement, could help us solve many of the world’s problems. But have you ever thought about the risks?  programming of basic truly 62 Unit 4. Artificial Intelligence：A REAL THREAT? After all, _________ would an independent form of AI need to consider the opinions and desires of humans? We could be seen as a “small” inconvenience that’s in the way of a _______________ (solve) to a bigger problem. If we were lucky, AI might think were valuable enough ____________ (keep) around. If not, it might wipe us all out! solution why to keep 63 Unit 4. Artificial Intelligence：A REAL THREAT? Even if that doesn’t happen, there are other risks. Millenniumbutterfly, you say how great it would be to have self-driving cars, but what about all the taxi drivers ________ would lose their jobs? They would just be among the first _________ (victim) of AI. Nearly every job is potentially ________ risk in the long run. Even journalists are now _____________________ (replace) with technology that can write basic news reports. As it is, almost 50 per cent of US jobs are at risk from automation in the next 20 years. The truth is ________ none of us is prepared for the challenges of AI. victims at who being replaced that 64 Unit 4. Artificial Intelligence：A REAL THREAT? Pink haze Machine learning is something we have come to accept ________ a part of our modern world. I believe most of the value of AI lies in its capacity to analyse and interpret vast amounts of ________ (datum), which means it can even solve problems that are too _________________ (challenge) for human experts. data as challenging 65 Unit 4. Artificial Intelligence：A REAL THREAT? But while super-intelligent AI could be the biggest leap forward in human history, if it goes wrong or falls ________ the wrong hands, it could also be the most dangerous. However, AI is not going to go away. We have no choice but ______________ (embrace) it and regulate it. One thing I think we all agree on, though, is that saying “My AI did it” won’t be any excuse for ______________ (legal) or ________________ (moral) behaviour! to embrace into illegal immoral 66 PART 2 A Boy’s Best Friend 67 Unit 4. A Boy’s Best Friend Mr Anderson said, “Where’s Jimmy, dear?” “Out on the crater,” said Mrs Anderson. “Robutt is with him. Did he arrive?” “Yes. He’s at the rocket station, ________ (go) through the tests. I haven’t really seen one since I _____________ (leave) Earth 15 years ago.” “Jimmy has never seen one,” said Mrs Anderson. “Because he’s Moon-born and can’t visit Earth. That’s ____________ I’m bringing one here. I think it’s the first one ever on the Moon.” left going why 68 Unit 4. A Boy’s Best Friend Jimmy was out on the crater, ________ his mother had said. His arms and legs were long and agile. He looked thicker and _____________ (stubby) with his spacesuit on, but he could handle the lunar gravity as no Earth-born human being could. The outer side of the crater ___________ (slope) southward and the Earth, which was low in the southern sky, was nearly full, so that the entire crater-slope was brightly lit. The slope was a gentle one and even the weight of the spacesuit couldn’t keep Jimmy ________ racing up it in a floating hop that made the gravity seem nonexistent. stubbier as sloped from 69 Unit 4. A Boy’s Best Friend “Come on, Robutt,” he shouted. Robutt, who could hear him ________ radio, squeaked and bounded after. Jimmy, expert ____________ he was, couldn’t outrace Robutt, who didn’t need a spacesuit, and had four legs and tendons of steel. Jimmy couldn’t go wrong while Robutt was around, ___________ (trip) him when he was too near a rock, or jumping on him to show how much he loved him, or circling around and squeaking low and scared when Jimmy ________________ (hide) behind a rock, when all the time Robutt knew well enough where he was. though/as by tripping hid 70 Unit 4. A Boy’s Best Friend He heard his father’s voice on his private wavelength. “Jimmy, come back. I have something _______________ (tell) you.” Mr Anderson was smiling. “We have something for you, Jimmy. It’s at the rocket station now, but we’ll have it tomorrow after all the tests are over.” “From Earth, Dad?” to tell 71 Unit 4. A Boy’s Best Friend “A dog from Earth, son. The first dog on the Moon. You won’t need Robutt any more. We can’t keep them both, and some other boy or girl ________________ (have) Robutt.” He seemed to be waiting for Jimmy to say something, then he said, “You know what a dog is, Jimmy. It’s the real thing. Robutt’s only a mechanical ________________ (imitate) , a robot-mutt. That’s how he got his name. imitation will have, 72 Unit 4. A Boy’s Best Friend Jimmy frowned. “Robutt isn’t an imitation, Dad.” “Robutt’s just steel and wiring and a simple positronic brain.” “He does everything I want him to do, Dad. He understands me.” “No, son. Robutt is just a machine. It ________________ (program) to act the way it does. A dog is alive. You’ll see the difference once he gets here.” programmed 73 Unit 4. A Boy’s Best Friend Jimmy looked at Robutt, who was squeaking again, a very low, slow squeak that seemed _______________ (frighten). Jimmy held out his arms and Robutt was in them in one bound. Jimmy said, “What will the difference be between Robutt and the dog?” “It’s hard to explain,” said Mr Anderson, “but it will be easy ________ (see). The dog will really love you. Robutt is just adjusted to act as though it loves you.” “But, Dad, we don’t know what’s inside the dog, or ________ his feelings are. Maybe it’s just acting, too.” frightened to see what 74 Unit 4. A Boy’s Best Friend Mr Anderson frowned. “Jimmy, you’ll know the difference when you experience the love of a living thing.” Jimmy ________ (hold) Robutt tightly. He was frowning, too, and the desperate look on his face ____________ (mean) that he wouldn’t change his mind. He said, “But what’s the difference how they act? How about how I feel? I love Robutt and that’s what _____________ (count).” And the little robot-mutt, which had never been held so tightly in all its ____________ (exist), squeaked high and rapid squeaks — happy squeaks. (Adaptation of excerpts from “A Boy’s Best Friend” by Isaac Asimov) held meant counts existence 75 Unit 5. Learning from nature 76 PART 1 Nature in Architecture 77 Unit 5. Nature in Architecture Trees, plants and flowers are all around us and we enjoy their beauty every day. In fact, we are so used to them ________ we may even take them for ___________ (grant) without realising how much ___________ (inspire) they have given us. When we look at a pine cone, we might think how much it looks like the tiles on a roof. An open flower might make us think how __________ (close) it resembles ________ umbrella. It is natural to think in this way, but of course it wasn’t the umbrella ________ inspired the flower or the roof that inspired the pine cone. that granted inspiration closely an that 78 Unit 5. Nature in Architecture Nature has inspired many of the most fascinating designs around us, including those in architecture. From Barcelona’s forest-like Sagrada Familia ________ the modern style of Beijing’s Water Cube, nature _________________ (present) in various architectural designs. Today, architects continue to explore ways to capture the beauty of natural forms _____________ (mimic) the way nature works or even to make natural organisms part of a building. to is presented to mimic 79 ArtScience Museum, Singapore People ________ interest is exploring the relationship between art and science will enjoy Singapore’s ArtScience Museum. The building was designed ________ (show) the connection between nature and the modern city environment in which it sits. ________ (shape) to resemble a lotus flower, it appears to float above the waterfront promenade and the water that surrounds it. Its roof collects rainwater and __________ (channel) it 35 metres down to a waterfall in the centre of the space. The water is then recycled through the building’s plumbing system. Visitors are often amazed to find _____________ (they) in an urban building that so truly __________ (capture) the beauty of natural forms. whose to show Shaped channels themselves captures 80 The Eastgate Centre, Harare Harare’s Eastgate Centre is a superb example of biomimicry. To use biomimicry is to create structures ________ (base) on natural forms and processes. Zimbabwean architect Mick Pearce was inspired to create the Centre while _______________ (watch) a nature documentary in which termites were constructing their nests. The insects built mounds covered in little holes ____________ (design) to allow air to move freely in and out of the mounds. based watching designed 81 In a similar way, the Eastgate Centre has a “skin” covered in holes. During the day, warm air __________________ (draw) into the building through the holes, cooling as it reaches the middle of the building. At night, the heat absorbed by the wall during the day ___________ (warm) the cool air, creating a comfortable temperature inside. The design reduces the need for traditional air conditioning and heating systems, so the building uses less energy and costs less ___________ (run). is drawn warms to run 82 The Algae House, Hamburg The world’s first algae-powered building is in Hamburg, Germany. The surface of the apartment building is covered in panels that contain algae. The algae are fed with liquid nutrients and carbon dioxide ________________ (encourage) them to grow. In bright sunshine, they grow faster and provide shade. The panels also capture heat from the sun and convert it ________ energy that powers the building. And that’s not all — the algae inside the panels can _________________ (harvest) and used to produce fuel. The building therefore not only responds to its environment and uses less energy, but also reduces damage to the environment by generating its own ________________ (renew) energy. to encourage into be harvested renewable 83 Creating buildings such as these _____________ (enable) us to live in closer harmony with our environment. To meet the needs of today while protecting the world of tomorrow may be a challenge, but even the ____________ (simple) organisms can help teach us _________ to achieve this. enables simplest how 84 PART 2 Back to Nature 85 Unit 5. Back to Nature Tao Yuanming and Henry David Thoreau were both poets, but one lived in Ancient China and ________ other in 19th century America. Superficially, these two men, ________ lives were separated in time by nearly 1, 500 years, were polar opposites. And yet they shared an intense respect ________ nature, which made them each an ________________ (influence) figure of their time. the whose influential for 86 Unit 5. Back to Nature Both men made dramatic transformations to their lives in order to reconnect with nature. As an ______________ (office) in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Tao felt conflicted over life at court. In 405, he quit the service of the court for good, expressing his unhappiness in the now famous line _________ he would not “bow like a servant in return ________ five dou of grain”. He spent the next 22 years until his death, working the land in a poor, rural area. From his poetry, we can learn that although his life was arduous, he succeeded in finding ________________ (content) in its simplicity and in drawing pleasure from nature. official that for contentment 87 Unit 5. Back to Nature While Tao’s return to nature was a reaction ____a lifestyle he was opposed to, Thoreau’s was a personal decision ______________ (transform) the way he lived. He had a decent quality of life, _________ he wanted to live in a simpler way. For two years, two months and two days, he lived in a cottage in the forest on the edge of Walden Pond, focusing on ________ (he) and his writing. He explained his reason for doing so in Walden: “I went to the woods because I wished to live ______________ (deliberate), to front only the essential facts of life.” Both men were happy to withdraw ________ contemporary life, seeking a _______________ (harmony) relationship with nature in the quietness of their lives. to to transform but/yet himself deliberately from harmonious 88 Unit 5. Back to Nature Although Tao and Thoreau do not treat nature ________ quite the same way, their works show its beauty and value. Tao’s nature is a place of fields and villages, in other words, rural, and his animals are domestic ones, such as chickens and dogs. The calm and peaceful life he wrote about is in contrast ________ and critical of the depressive court life: Beyond the dark and distance lies a village, The smoke above reluctant _________________ (depart), A dog is barking somewhere down the lane, And chickens sit atop the mulberry tree. in to to depart 89 Unit 5. Back to Nature Thoreau’s descriptions of nature emphasised the beauty and ________ (pure) of the wild areas around him. _______________ (devote) himself to observations of the natural _______________ (phenomenon), he recorded his detailed findings in his journals. Thoreau’s writing aimed to convince people ________ animals and plants had a right ________ (live) and prosper, as we do. We should live with them in harmony and enjoy nature’s gifts, ________ he describes in his journals: Live in each season as it passes; breathe the air; drink the drink, taste the fruit, and resign yourself _________ the influences of each. Let them be your only diet, drink and botanical medicines. purity Devoting phenomena that to live as to 90 Unit 5. Back to Nature It takes _________________ (consider) courage to reject the easy and familiar and instead try to live closer to nature, as both Tao and Thoreau did. Their choices led them to quiet and reflective lives with fewer material desires. In today’s modern world, their ideas about living _________ (simple) and being at ease ________ nature may take us a step closer to ___________________ (attain) personal well-being and ________________ (fulfill). considerable simply with attaining fulfilment / fulfillment 91 $