专题01 必修第三册Units 1～2 单词短语句型语法（期中复习知识清单）高一英语下学期译林版

专题01 Units 1~2 单词短语句型语法 Unit 1 Festivals and Celebrations 重点单词及变形 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. region n. 地区，区域；行政区→regional adj. 地区的 2. continent n. 大陆，陆地；洲→continents 复数 3. species n. 种，物种（单复数同形） 4. variety n. 不同种类；变化，多样性；变种→vary vi. 变化→various adj. 多种多样的 5. towering adj. 高大的，高耸的；出色的 6. survive vi. 生存，存活 vt. 幸存，幸免于难→survival n. 幸存→survivor n. 幸存者 7. nutrient n. 营养素，营养物→nutrients 复数 8. disappear vi. 不复存在，灭绝；消失；失踪→disappearance n. 消失→appear vi. 出现 9. agriculture n. 农业，农学→agricultural adj. 农业的 10. impact n. 影响，作用；撞击，冲撞 vi.&vt. 有影响；冲击 11. damage vt.&n. 损坏，破坏；损害，伤害→damaged adj. 受损的 12. organization n. 组织，团体；组织工作→organize vt. 组织→organizer n. 组织者 13. habitat n. 生活环境，栖息地→habitats 复数 14. protest vi. 反对，抗议 vt. 坚持声称，申辩 n. 抗议，反对 15. profit n. 利润，收益；好处 vi.&vt. 获益，得到好处→profitable adj. 有利润的，盈利的 16. process n. 过程，进程；步骤，流程 vt. 加工，处理 17. economic adj. 经济的，经济上的→economy n. 经济→economical adj. 节俭的；经济的 18. policy n. 政策，方针；原则→policies 复数 19. poison vt. 污染；毒死，毒害 n. 毒物，毒药→poisonous adj. 有毒的 20. chemical n. 化学制品 adj. 化学的→chemistry n. 化学→chemist n. 化学家；药剂师 重点单词用法精萃 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. impact n. 影响，作用；vt.&vi. 有影响，冲击 (1) have a great/deep impact on sth./sb. 对某事 / 某人有重大影响 (2) impact on/upon sth./sb. 对…… 产生影响（动词用法） 2. damage vt.&n. 损坏，破坏 (1) do damage to sth. 对某物造成损害 (2) be damaged by sth. 被某物损坏（被动语态） 3. survive vi. 生存，存活；vt. 幸存，幸免于难 (1) survive sth. 从…… 中幸存（后接灾难、事故等名词） (2) survive on sth. 依靠某物生存 (3) survive from sth. 从…… 延续下来 survivor n. 幸存者 4. apply v. 申请；应用 (1) apply for sth. 申请某物 (2) apply to sb. for sth. 向某人申请某物 (3) apply sth. to sth. 把…… 应用于…… application n. 申请；应用 applicant n. 申请人 5.defend vt. 保护，辩护 (1) defend sb./sth. from/against sth. 保护…… 免受…… 伤害 (2) in defence of 为了保护……；为…… 辩护 defend vt. 保护；辩护 6. consequence n. 结果，后果 (1) as a consequence = consequently 因此，结果 (2) as a consequence of sth. 由于某事 (3) face the consequences of 承担…… 的后果 consequent adj. 随之而来的 consequently adv. 因此，结果 必背短语 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. break down 使分解；出故障；垮掉 2. breathe life into 给……带来起色，注入活力 3. cut down 砍倒；削减，减少 4. in danger of 处于…… 的危险中 5. come up with 想出，想到（主意、办法等） 6. call for （公开）要求；需要 7. spring to mind 突然记起（或想到） 8. get rid of 摆脱，丢弃，扔掉 9. give rise to 使发生，使存在；引起 10. sign up 报名，注册 11. in defence of 为了保护……；为…… 辩护 12. be concerned about 担心……，关心…… 13. have an impact on 对……产生影响 14. in length 在长度上 重点句型 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1.介词+关系代词引导的定语从句 The Amazon River, from which the rainforest gets its name, is about 6,400 kilometres in length. 亚马孙雨林得名于亚马孙河，亚马孙河长约 6400 千米。 2. so 引导的倒装句（表 “也……”） As the human population continues to grow, so does the effect we have on animals. 因为人口的持续增长，我们对动物的影响也在不断增加。 3. 全部倒装句（表地点的介词短语置于句首） Joining us in the studio tonight are James Smith, a local resident; Vincent Brown, senior manager of a local factory; and Julie Archer, chief of the Norgate Environmental Protection Committee. 今晚来到我们演播室的有当地居民詹姆斯・史密斯、当地工厂高级经理文森特・布朗以及诺盖特环保委员会负责人朱莉・阿切尔。 4. with的复合结构（with + 宾语 + 宾补） With pollution levels on the rise, the Norgate Environmental Protection Committee is searching for ways to fight the problem. 随着污染水平的不断上升，诺盖特环保委员会正在寻找解决这个问题的方法。 语法梳理 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 语法点01 状语从句中的省略 当状语从句的主语与主句主语一致，且从句中含有be动词时，可省略从句的主语和be动词。 He won’t attend the party even if invited. When in America，he made many friends with the local people. 语法点02 if引导的条件句省略 if后接any/no/nothing等时，可省略从句中的主谓部分。 Mistake, if any, should be corrected. 语法点03 定语从句中的省略 当关系代词 that/which/whom在定语从句中作宾语时，可省略关系代词。 The book he borrowed yesterday is well worth reading. 语法点04 不定式的省略： 为避免重复，省略不定式后接的动词，只保留to；若省略的部分是be动词或 have，则需保留be/have。 The boy used to play with the knife though his father told him not to.单元写作 一、单元写作任务：本单元的话题是自然生态平衡与环境保护，写作主要围绕保护自然、应对生态问题、提出环保措施等展开。写作时人称以第一人称（we/I）和第三人称为主 **；时态以一般现在时为主，涉及过去的生态问题可使用一般过去时，提出未来的措施可使用一般将来时 / 情态动词（should/must/can）。 谋篇布局 开头 引出话题，点明自然生态平衡的重要性，或指出当前存在的生态问题（如物种灭绝、环境污染、森林破坏等） 中间 阐述生态问题的危害，或具体介绍保护自然的措施 / 方法，可结合实例说明 结尾 发出呼吁，表达对保护自然、维护生态平衡的期望，或总结环保的意义 二、写作通用表达 1. 话题引入表达 As we all know. the balance of nature is very important for the survival of all living things. 众所周知，自然生态平衡对所有生物的生存至关重要。 In recent years, many serious ecological problems have appeared, such as the extinction of species and the destruction of forests. 近年来，出现了许多严重的生态问题，如物种灭绝和森林破坏。 With the development of society, human activities have had a great impact on the natural environment. 随着社会的发展，人类活动对自然环境产生了巨大的影响。 2. 问题危害表达 If we don’t protect the environment, more and more species will be in danger of extinction. 如果我们不保护环境，越来越多的物种将面临灭绝的危险。 The destruction of the rainforest will do great damage to the global climate. 雨林的破坏会对全球气候造成极大损害。 Water pollution not only harms aquatic life but also affects human health. 水污染不仅危害水生生物，还会影响人类健康。 3. 环保措施表达 We should take various measures to protect the natural environment, such as planting more trees and recycling waste. 我们应该采取各种措施保护环境，比如植树造林和回收废弃物。 The government should make strict policies to prevent people from cutting down trees randomly. 政府应该制定严格的政策，阻止人们乱砍滥伐。 Everyone should raise their awareness of environmental protection and take part in environmental protection activities. 每个人都应该增强环保意识，参与环保活动。 4. 结尾呼吁表达 In a word, it’s everyone’s duty to protect the environment and maintain the balance of nature. 总之，保护环境、维护自然生态平衡是每个人的责任。 Only when we work hand in hand can we build a better world with a balanced nature. 只有我们携手合作，才能构建一个自然生态平衡的美好世界。 Let’s take action now to protect our earth and make it more beautiful. 让我们现在就行动起来，保护我们的地球，让它变得更美丽。 三、范文背诵 Protect the Balance of Nature As we all know, the balance of nature is the foundation of all life on the earth. However, in recent years, human activities have broken this balance, causing many serious problems. It’s time for us to take action to protect the balance of nature. First of all, the government should make strict environmental protection policies to prevent deforestation and industrial pollution. Secondly, we should develop the habit of recycling waste, which can reduce the damage to the environment. Besides, everyone should raise their awareness of environmental protection and tell people around us the importance of protecting nature. In a word. protecting the balance of nature is not only the responsibility of the government but also the duty of every citizen. Unit 2 Natural disasters 重点单词及变形 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1.reaction n．反应，回应；抗拒；化学反应→react vi. 反应 2.confirm vt. 证实，确认；使确信；批准 3. procedure n．程序，步骤，手续 4. occur vi. 发生，出现；存在于→occurred过去式；过去分词→occurring现在分词 5. relief n．宽慰，轻松；减轻，消除；救济→relieve vt. 减轻；缓解 6. destructive adj. 引起破坏的，毁灭性的→destroy vt．破坏→destruction n．破坏 7. shock n．震惊，惊愕；剧烈震动 vt. 使震惊；使气愤→shocking adj. 令人震惊的→shocked adj. 感到震惊的 8. scare vt.&vi. 惊吓，害怕 n．恐慌；惊吓→scared adj. 感到害怕的→scary adj. 恐怖的，吓人的 9. power n．电，电力；权力；能力；力量→powerful adj. 强大的；有力的 10. otherwise adv. 否则，不然；除此之外 11. donate vt. 捐赠，赠送；献 （血)→donation n．捐赠；捐赠物 12. unbearable adj. 难耐的，无法忍受的→bearable adj. 可以忍受的→bear vt. 忍受；承受 13. distance n．遥远，久远；距离；差异→distant adj. 遥远的；疏远的 14. sharp adj. 灵敏的；锋利的；急剧的→sharply adv. 急剧地；锋利地→sharpen vt. 使锋利；削 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 重点单词用法精萃 1. confirm vt. 证实，确认；使确信 (1) confirm sth. /that.../wh - 从句 确认…… (2) confirm sb. in sth. 使某人坚信某事 (3) It has been confirmed that... 已证实…… 2. occur vi. 发生，出现；存在于 (1) occur to sb. 某人突然想到…… (2) It occurs to sb. that... 某人突然想到…… (3) occur in/at... 发生在……（地点 / 时间） 3. damage vt.&n. 损坏，破坏 (1) do damage to sth. 对某物造成损害 (2) be damaged by sth. 被某物损坏（被动语态） 4. supply n.&vt. 供应，供给 (1) supply sb. with sth. = supply sth. to sb. 为某人提供某物 (2) a supply of... 一批……；…… 的供应量 (3) in short supply 供应短缺 5. inform vt. 通知；了解 (1) inform sb. of/about sth. 通知某人某事 (2) keep sb. informed of sth. 让某人随时了解某事 (3) be well informed about/of 对…… 非常了解 6.curious adj. 好奇的；奇特的 (1) be curious about sth. 对某事感到好奇 (2) be curious to do sth. 急于做某事；好奇地想做某事 (3) It is curious that... 奇怪的是…… curiosity n．好奇心 curiously adv. 好奇地 必背短语 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. at large 整个，全部；逍遥法外 2. hold on to 紧紧抓住；坚持 3. to one’s relief 让某人宽慰的是 4. run out of 用完；耗尽（主语为人） 5. take the form of 呈现…… 的形状；采取…… 的形式 6. break out 突然开始；爆发（战争、火灾、疾病等） 7. flood in 涌入；大量涌入 8. in all directions 朝着四面八方 9. in the distance 在远处 10. come to one’s rescue 前来营救某人 11. cut off 切断；中断；隔绝 12. make up for 弥补；补偿 13. in case 以防；万一 重点句型 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1.be doing...when... 正在做…… 这时突然…… Alice Brown, head teacher at Falmont Primary School, was teaching when the floor began to shake. 弗尔蒙特小学的班主任艾丽斯・布朗正在上课，这时地板开始摇晃。 2. 非谓语动词作伴随状语 After a roll call confirmed that all were safe and sound, they relaxed, laughing, crying and hugging each other. 点名确认所有人都安然无恙后，他们放松下来，笑着、哭着互相拥抱。 3. what引导宾语从句 Its ashy rocks, now dark, now light, told a story of past eruptions that might have warned the city what was to come! 它那深浅不一的火山岩诉说着过去的喷发史，这本可以提醒这座城市即将到来的灾难！ 4. as if/though引导方式状语从句 Its walls were fresh as if painted yesterday; not a single colour changed on the rich pattern of its floors. 它的墙壁崭新得仿佛昨天刚刷过，华丽的地板图案上没有一丝褪色。 语法梳理 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 语法点01 动词不定式作定语 ① 修饰名词或代词，表将来的动作 The first country in the world to raise silkworms is China.世界上第一个养蚕的国家是中国。 ② 修饰抽象名词（chance, ability, way, opportunity 等） We have the chance to promote our friendship.我们有机会增进彼此的友谊。 语法点02 动词不定式作状语 ① 作目的状语 To maintain a healthy social life, I’d like to meet people in person. ② 作结果状语 They rushed to the station, only to find the train had left.他们冲到车站，结果却发现火车已经开走了。 语法点03 动词不定式作宾语 ① 接在及物动词后（want, hope, decide, expect, plan 等） He decided to treat his friend to a big dinner.他决定请朋友吃一顿大餐。 ② 作形式宾语 it 的真正宾语（find, think, make, feel 等） We find it important to learn disaster prevention knowledge.我们发现学习防灾知识很重要。 语法点04 动词不定式作宾语补足语 ① 接在动词后（ask, tell, want, invite, expect 等） The teacher asked us to finish the homework on time.老师要求我们按时完成作业。 ② 使役动词 / 感官动词后接不带 to 的不定式 We saw the plane crash into the building.我们看到飞机撞上了大楼。 语法点05 动词不定式作表语 接在系动词（be, seem, appear, become 等）后 My wish is to become a volunteer to help disaster-stricken areas.我的愿望是成为一名志愿者帮助灾区 单元写作 一、单元写作任务：本单元的话题是自然灾害，主要围绕自然灾害的发生、应对措施、灾后救援等方面展开写作。写作时，人称以第三人称为主，涉及个人感受时可用第一人称；时态以一般过去时（描述灾害过程）、一般现在时（介绍应对方法 / 常识）为主，可结合过去进行时（描述事发时的动作）、现在完成时（描述灾后影响）。 谋篇布局 开头 引出话题，介绍自然灾害的类型 / 具体某次灾害的背景（时间、地点、起因） 中间 详细描述灾害的发生过程、造成的危害，以及人们的应对措施、救援行动 结尾 表达感受、总结经验教训，提出防灾建议 / 对灾区的祝福 二、写作通用表达 1. 灾害发生的表达 (1) A terrible ______ (flood/earthquake/forest fire) hit ______ (place) on ______ (time). (2) On the morning of..., a strong earthquake occurred in..., which shocked the whole country.( (3) Due to the long period of drought and strong winds, a big forest fire broke out in... (4) What’s worse, the disaster happened suddenly without any warning. On the morning of August 8th, a strong earthquake occurred in the mountain area, which shocked the whole country. 2. 灾害危害的表达 The heavy snow disaster caused great damage to the local agricultural production. 这场暴雪灾害对当地的农业生产造成了严重的破坏。 Thousands of houses were destroyed in the typhoon and a lot of people lost their homes. 台风中数千间房屋被毁，很多人失去了家园。 Many people were injured in the stampede, and some even lost their lives. 这场踩踏事故中很多人受伤，有些人甚至失去了生命。 The traffic in the mountain village was cut off and the power supply was interrupted for several days. 这个山村的交通被阻断，电力供应也中断了好几天。 A large number of marine animals died and the local marine environment was seriously damaged after the oil spill. 石油泄漏后，大量海洋动物死亡，当地的海洋环境遭到了严重破坏。 The local river system was polluted after the chemical leakage, making it impossible for people to use tap water directly. 中文句意：化学品泄漏后，当地的水系受到了污染，人们无法直接使用自来水。 3. 应对或救援行动类表达 When the earthquake happened, the students kept their heads and tried to escape to the playground safely. 地震发生时，学生们保持冷静，努力安全撤离到操场上。 Firefighters and rescue workers rushed to the flood-stricken area day and night to save people’s lives. 消防员和救援人员日夜奔赴洪涝灾区，拯救人们的生命。 The local government provided the earthquake victims with enough food, clean water and warm tents. 当地政府为地震灾民提供了充足的食物、干净的饮用水和温暖的帐篷。 Many warm-hearted people donated money and daily materials to help the people in need in the snow-stricken area. 许多热心人士捐款捐物，帮助雪灾地区有需要的人们。 Doctors and nurses from all over the city worked day and night to take care of the injured people in the hospital. 来自全市的医护人员日夜坚守，照料医院里的受伤群众。 Local young volunteers helped to carry relief supplies and comfort the homeless flood victims. 当地的青年志愿者帮忙搬运救灾物资，安抚无家可归的洪涝灾民。 4. 结尾呼吁表达 To our great relief, most climbers were rescued and no one was killed in the mountain disaster. 令我们大为宽慰的是，这场山地灾害中大部分登山者都获救了，无人遇难。 From this forest fire, we learn that it’s important to learn basic forest fire prevention knowledge. 从这场森林大火中，我们认识到学习基础森林防火知识的重要性。 We should keep calm in the face of all natural disasters and know how to protect ourselves and our families. 面对所有自然灾害，我们都应保持冷静，懂得保护自己和家人。 It’s everyone’s duty to help each other and unite as one when disasters come. 灾难来临时，互帮互助、众志成城是每个人的责任。 We should take practical action to protect the ecological environment to reduce the occurrence of natural disasters. 我们应该采取实际行动保护生态环境，减少自然灾害的发生。 三、范文背诵 A Terrible Earthquake On the afternoon of May 12th, an earthquake suddenly hit a small Sichuan city. The city was in chaos at once. Buildings shook and some collapsed. Traffic, power and water supply were cut off. Many were injured and some died. People helped each other to escape outdoors. Right after the earthquake, rescue workers from across the country rushed to the city. Firefighters saved people, doctors and nurses cared for the injured, and the government provided victims with necessities. Thankfully, the disaster was quickly controlled. Although it caused great damage, it made us realize the importance of unity. We should learn more disaster - prevention knowledge and self - protection methods. I believe the stricken city will recover soon with the country’s help. $ 专题01 Units 1~2 单词短语句型语法 Unit 1 Nature in the balance 重点单词及变形 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. region n. 地区，区域；行政区→________adj. 地区的 2. continent n. 大陆，陆地；洲→________ 复数 3. species n. 种，物种（单复数同形） 4. variety n. 不同种类；变化，多样性；变种→________ vi. 变化→________ adj. 多种多样的 5. towering adj. 高大的，高耸的；出色的 6. survive vi. 生存，存活 vt. 幸存，幸免于难→________n. 幸存→________ n. 幸存者 7. nutrient n. 营养素，营养物→________ 复数 8. disappear vi. 不复存在，灭绝；消失；失踪→________ n. 消失→________ vi. 出现 9. agriculture n. 农业，农学→________adj. 农业的 10. impact n. 影响，作用；撞击，冲撞 vi.&vt. 有影响；冲击 11. damage vt.&n. 损坏，破坏；损害，伤害→________ adj. 受损的 12. organization n. 组织，团体；组织工作→________vt. 组织→________ n. 组织者 13. habitat n. 生活环境，栖息地→________ 复数 14. protest vi. 反对，抗议 vt. 坚持声称，申辩 n. 抗议，反对 15. profit n. 利润，收益；好处 vi.&vt. 获益，得到好处→________ adj. 有利润的，盈利的 16. process n. 过程，进程；步骤，流程 vt. 加工，处理 17. economic adj. 经济的，经济上的→________ n. 经济→________adj. 节俭的；经济的 18. policy n. 政策，方针；原则→________ 复数 19. poison vt. 污染；毒死，毒害 n. 毒物，毒药→________ adj. 有毒的 20. chemical n. 化学制品 adj. 化学的→________n. 化学→chemist n. 化学家；药剂师 重点单词用法精萃 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. impact n. 影响，作用；vt.&vi. 有影响，冲击 (1) have a great/deep impact on sth./sb. 对某事 / 某人有重大影响 (2) impact on/upon sth./sb. 对…… 产生影响（动词用法） 2. damage vt.&n. 损坏，破坏 (1) do damage to sth. 对某物造成损害 (2) be damaged by sth. 被某物损坏（被动语态） 3. survive vi. 生存，存活；vt. 幸存，幸免于难 (1) survive sth. 从…… 中幸存（后接灾难、事故等名词） (2) survive on sth. 依靠某物生存 (3) survive from sth. 从…… 延续下来 ________ n. 幸存者 4. apply v. 申请；应用 (1) apply for sth. 申请某物 (2) apply to sb. for sth. 向某人申请某物 (3) apply sth. to sth. 把…… 应用于…… ________ n. 申请；应用 ________ n. 申请人 5.defend vt. 保护，辩护 (1) defend sb./sth. from/against sth. 保护…… 免受…… 伤害 (2) in defence of 为了保护……；为…… 辩护 ________ vt. 保护；辩护 6. consequence n. 结果，后果 (1) as a consequence = consequently 因此，结果 (2) as a consequence of sth. 由于某事 (3) face the consequences of 承担…… 的后果 ________ adj. 随之而来的 ________ adv. 因此，结果 必背短语 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. ________ 使分解；出故障；垮掉 2. ________ 给……带来起色，注入活力 3. ________ 砍倒；削减，减少 4. ________ 处于…… 的危险中 5. ________ 想出，想到（主意、办法等） 6. ________ （公开）要求；需要 7. ________ 突然记起（或想到） 8. ________ 摆脱，丢弃，扔掉 9. ________使发生，使存在；引起 10. ________ 报名，注册 11. ________为了保护……；为…… 辩护 12. ________担心……，关心…… 13. ________ 对……产生影响 14. ________ 在长度上 重点句型 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1.介词+关系代词引导的定语从句 The Amazon River, ________ the rainforest gets its name, is about 6,400 kilometres in length. 亚马孙雨林得名于亚马孙河，亚马孙河长约 6400 千米。 2. so 引导的倒装句（表 “也……”） As the human population continues to grow, ________ the effect we ________ on animals. 因为人口的持续增长，我们对动物的影响也在不断增加。 3. 全部倒装句（表地点的介词短语置于句首） Joining us in the studio tonight ________ James Smith, a local resident; Vincent Brown, senior manager of a local factory; and Julie Archer, chief of the Norgate Environmental Protection Committee. 今晚来到我们演播室的有当地居民詹姆斯・史密斯、当地工厂高级经理文森特・布朗以及诺盖特环保委员会负责人朱莉・阿切尔。 4. with的复合结构（with + 宾语 + 宾补） ________ the Norgate Environmental Protection Committee is searching for ways to fight the problem. 随着污染水平的不断上升，诺盖特环保委员会正在寻找解决这个问题的方法。 语法梳理 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 语法点01 状语从句中的省略 当状语从句的主语与主句主语一致，且从句中含有be动词时，可省略从句的主语和be动词。 He won’t attend the party even if invited. When in America，he made many friends with the local people. 语法点02 if引导的条件句省略 if后接any/no/nothing等时，可省略从句中的主谓部分。 Mistake, if any, should be corrected. 语法点03 定语从句中的省略 当关系代词 that/which/whom在定语从句中作宾语时，可省略关系代词。 The book he borrowed yesterday is well worth reading. 语法点04 不定式的省略： 为避免重复，省略不定式后接的动词，只保留to；若省略的部分是be动词或 have，则需保留be/have。 The boy used to play with the knife though his father told him not to.单元写作 一、单元写作任务：本单元的话题是自然生态平衡与环境保护，写作主要围绕保护自然、应对生态问题、提出环保措施等展开。写作时人称以第一人称（we/I）和第三人称为主 **；时态以一般现在时为主，涉及过去的生态问题可使用一般过去时，提出未来的措施可使用一般将来时 / 情态动词（should/must/can）。 谋篇布局 开头 引出话题，点明自然生态平衡的重要性，或指出当前存在的生态问题（如物种灭绝、环境污染、森林破坏等） 中间 阐述生态问题的危害，或具体介绍保护自然的措施 / 方法，可结合实例说明 结尾 发出呼吁，表达对保护自然、维护生态平衡的期望，或总结环保的意义 二、写作通用表达 1. 话题引入表达 As we all know. the balance of nature is very important for ________________. 众所周知，自然生态平衡对所有生物的生存至关重要。 In recent years, many serious ecological problems have appeared, such as ________________. 近年来，出现了许多严重的生态问题，如物种灭绝和森林破坏。 With the development of society, human activities________________ 随着社会的发展，人类活动对自然环境产生了巨大的影响。 2. 问题危害表达 If we don’t protect the environment, more and more species will be ________________. 如果我们不保护环境，越来越多的物种将面临灭绝的危险。 The destruction of the rainforest will ________________. 雨林的破坏会对全球气候造成极大损害。 Water pollution not only ________________but also ________________. 水污染不仅危害水生生物，还会影响人类健康。 3. 环保措施表达 We should ________________ to protect the natural environment, such as planting more trees and recycling waste. 我们应该采取各种措施保护环境，比如植树造林和回收废弃物。 The government should ________________ to prevent people from cutting down trees randomly. 政府应该制定严格的政策，阻止人们乱砍滥伐。 Everyone should ________________ and take part in environmental protection activities. 每个人都应该增强环保意识，参与环保活动。 4. 结尾呼吁表达 In a word, ________________ to protect the environment and maintain the balance of nature. 总之，保护环境、维护自然生态平衡是每个人的责任。 Only when we work hand in hand ________________with a balanced nature. 只有我们携手合作，才能构建一个自然生态平衡的美好世界。 Let’s take action now to protect our earth and ________________. 让我们现在就行动起来，保护我们的地球，让它变得更美丽。 三、范文背诵 Protect the Balance of Nature As we all know, the balance of nature is the foundation of all life on the earth. However, in recent years, human activities have broken this balance, causing many serious problems. It’s time for us to take action to protect the balance of nature. First of all, the government should make strict environmental protection policies to prevent deforestation and industrial pollution. Secondly, we should develop the habit of recycling waste, which can reduce the damage to the environment. Besides, everyone should raise their awareness of environmental protection and tell people around us the importance of protecting nature. In a word. protecting the balance of nature is not only the responsibility of the government but also the duty of every citizen. Unit 2 Natural disasters 重点单词及变形 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1.reaction n．反应，回应；抗拒；化学反应→________ vi. 反应 2.confirm vt. 证实，确认；使确信；批准 3. procedure n．程序，步骤，手续 4. occur vi. 发生，出现；存在于→________过去式；过去分词→________现在分词 5. relief n．宽慰，轻松；减轻，消除；救济→________ vt. 减轻；缓解 6. destructive adj. 引起破坏的，毁灭性的→________ vt．破坏→________ n．破坏 7. shock n．震惊，惊愕；剧烈震动 vt. 使震惊；使气愤→________ adj. 令人震惊的→________ adj. 感到震惊的 8. scare vt.&vi. 惊吓，害怕 n．恐慌；惊吓→________adj. 感到害怕的→________ adj. 恐怖的，吓人的 9. power n．电，电力；权力；能力；力量→________ adj. 强大的；有力的 10. otherwise adv. 否则，不然；除此之外 11. donate vt. 捐赠，赠送；献 （血)→________ n．捐赠；捐赠物 12. unbearable adj. 难耐的，无法忍受的→________adj. 可以忍受的→bear vt. 忍受；承受 13. distance n．遥远，久远；距离；差异→________ adj. 遥远的；疏远的 14. sharp adj. 灵敏的；锋利的；急剧的→________ adv. 急剧地；锋利地→________ vt. 使锋利；削 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 重点单词用法精萃 1. confirm vt. 证实，确认；使确信 (1) confirm sth. /that.../wh - 从句 确认…… (2) confirm sb. in sth. 使某人坚信某事 (3) It has been confirmed that... 已证实…… 2. occur vi. 发生，出现；存在于 (1) occur to sb. 某人突然想到…… (2) It occurs to sb. that... 某人突然想到…… (3) occur in/at... 发生在……（地点 / 时间） 3. damage vt.&n. 损坏，破坏 (1) do damage to sth. 对某物造成损害 (2) be damaged by sth. 被某物损坏（被动语态） 4. supply n.&vt. 供应，供给 (1) supply sb. with sth. = supply sth. to sb. 为某人提供某物 (2) a supply of... 一批……；…… 的供应量 (3) in short supply 供应短缺 5. inform vt. 通知；了解 (1) inform sb. of/about sth. 通知某人某事 (2) keep sb. informed of sth. 让某人随时了解某事 (3) be well informed about/of 对…… 非常了解 6.curious adj. 好奇的；奇特的 (1) be curious about sth. 对某事感到好奇 (2) be curious to do sth. 急于做某事；好奇地想做某事 (3) It is curious that... 奇怪的是…… ________ n．好奇心 ________ adv. 好奇地 必背短语 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. ________ 整个，全部；逍遥法外 2. ________ 紧紧抓住；坚持 3. ________让某人宽慰的是 4. ________ 用完；耗尽（主语为人） 5. ________ 呈现…… 的形状；采取…… 的形式 6. ________ 突然开始；爆发（战争、火灾、疾病等） 7. ________ 涌入；大量涌入 8. ________ 朝着四面八方 9. ________ 在远处 10. ________ 前来营救某人 11. ________ 切断；中断；隔绝 12. ________ 弥补；补偿 13. ________ 以防；万一 重点句型 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1.be doing...when... 正在做…… 这时突然…… Alice Brown, head teacher at Falmont Primary School, ________________ the floor began to shake. 弗尔蒙特小学的班主任艾丽斯・布朗正在上课，这时地板开始摇晃。 2. 非谓语动词作伴随状语 After a roll call confirmed that all were safe and sound, they relaxed, ________________ each other. 点名确认所有人都安然无恙后，他们放松下来，笑着、哭着互相拥抱。 3. what引导宾语从句 Its ashy rocks, now dark, now light, told a story of past eruptions that might have warned the city ________________! 它那深浅不一的火山岩诉说着过去的喷发史，这本可以提醒这座城市即将到来的灾难！ 4. as if/though引导方式状语从句 Its walls were fresh ________________painted yesterday; not a single colour changed on the rich pattern of its floors. 它的墙壁崭新得仿佛昨天刚刷过，华丽的地板图案上没有一丝褪色。 语法梳理 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 语法点01 动词不定式作定语 ① 修饰名词或代词，表将来的动作 The first country in the world ________________ silkworms is China.世界上第一个养蚕的国家是中国。 ② 修饰抽象名词（chance, ability, way, opportunity 等） We have the chance ________________ our friendship.我们有机会增进彼此的友谊。 语法点02 动词不定式作状语 ① 作目的状语 ________________ a healthy social life, I’d like to meet people in person. ② 作结果状语 They rushed to the station, ________________ the train had left.他们冲到车站，结果却发现火车已经开走了。 语法点03 动词不定式作宾语 ① 接在及物动词后（want, hope, decide, expect, plan 等） He decided________________ his friend to a big dinner.他决定请朋友吃一顿大餐。 ② 作形式宾语 it 的真正宾语（find, think, make, feel 等） We find it important ________________ disaster prevention knowledge.我们发现学习防灾知识很重要。 语法点04 动词不定式作宾语补足语 ① 接在动词后（ask, tell, want, invite, expect 等） The teacher asked us ________________ the homework on time.老师要求我们按时完成作业。 ② 使役动词 / 感官动词后接不带 to 的不定式 We saw the plane ________________ into the building.我们看到飞机撞上了大楼。 语法点05 动词不定式作表语 接在系动词（be, seem, appear, become 等）后 My wish is ________________ a volunteer to help disaster-stricken areas.我的愿望是成为一名志愿者帮助灾区 单元写作 一、单元写作任务：本单元的话题是自然灾害，主要围绕自然灾害的发生、应对措施、灾后救援等方面展开写作。写作时，人称以第三人称为主，涉及个人感受时可用第一人称；时态以一般过去时（描述灾害过程）、一般现在时（介绍应对方法 / 常识）为主，可结合过去进行时（描述事发时的动作）、现在完成时（描述灾后影响）。 谋篇布局 开头 引出话题，介绍自然灾害的类型 / 具体某次灾害的背景（时间、地点、起因） 中间 详细描述灾害的发生过程、造成的危害，以及人们的应对措施、救援行动 结尾 表达感受、总结经验教训，提出防灾建议 / 对灾区的祝福 二、写作通用表达 1. 灾害发生的表达 (1) A terrible ______ (flood/earthquake/forest fire) hit ______ (place) on ______ (time). (2) On the morning of..., a strong earthquake occurred in..., which shocked the whole country.( (3) Due to the long period of drought and strong winds, a big forest fire broke out in... (4) What’s worse, the disaster happened suddenly without any warning. On the morning of August 8th, a strong earthquake occurred in the mountain area, ________________. 2. 灾害危害的表达 The heavy snow disaster ________________ the local agricultural production. 这场暴雪灾害对当地的农业生产造成了严重的破坏。 Thousands of houses ________________and a lot of people lost their homes. 台风中数千间房屋被毁，很多人失去了家园。 Many people ________________ in the stampede, and some even lost their lives. 这场踩踏事故中很多人受伤，有些人甚至失去了生命。 The traffic in the mountain village ________________and the power supply ________________ for several days. 这个山村的交通被阻断，电力供应也中断了好几天。 ________________ died and the local marine environment ________________ after the oil spill. 石油泄漏后，大量海洋动物死亡，当地的海洋环境遭到了严重破坏。 The local river system ________________, making it impossible for people to use tap water directly. 中文句意：化学品泄漏后，当地的水系受到了污染，人们无法直接使用自来水。 3. 应对或救援行动类表达 When the earthquake happened, the students ________________ and tried to escape to the playground safely. 地震发生时，学生们保持冷静，努力安全撤离到操场上。 Firefighters and rescue workers ________________day and night to save people’s lives. 消防员和救援人员日夜奔赴洪涝灾区，拯救人们的生命。 The local government ________________________________. 当地政府为地震灾民提供了充足的食物、干净的饮用水和温暖的帐篷。 Many warm-hearted people donated money and daily materials to help the people ________________. 许多热心人士捐款捐物，帮助雪灾地区有需要的人们。 Doctors and nurses from all over the city ________________________________ in the hospital. 来自全市的医护人员日夜坚守，照料医院里的受伤群众。 Local young volunteers helped ________________ and comfort the homeless flood victims. 当地的青年志愿者帮忙搬运救灾物资，安抚无家可归的洪涝灾民。 4. 结尾呼吁表达 ________________, most climbers were rescued and no one was killed in the mountain disaster. 令我们大为宽慰的是，这场山地灾害中大部分登山者都获救了，无人遇难。 From this forest fire, we learn that ________________ basic forest fire prevention knowledge. 从这场森林大火中，我们认识到学习基础森林防火知识的重要性。 We should keep calm ________________ and know ________________ 面对所有自然灾害，我们都应保持冷静，懂得保护自己和家人。 ________________ to help each other and unite as one when disasters come. 灾难来临时，互帮互助、众志成城是每个人的责任。 We should take practical action to protect the ecological environment ________________. 我们应该采取实际行动保护生态环境，减少自然灾害的发生。 三、范文背诵 A Terrible Earthquake On the afternoon of May 12th, an earthquake suddenly hit a small Sichuan city. The city was in chaos at once. Buildings shook and some collapsed. Traffic, power and water supply were cut off. Many were injured and some died. People helped each other to escape outdoors. Right after the earthquake, rescue workers from across the country rushed to the city. Firefighters saved people, doctors and nurses cared for the injured, and the government provided victims with necessities. Thankfully, the disaster was quickly controlled. Although it caused great damage, it made us realize the importance of unity. We should learn more disaster - prevention knowledge and self - protection methods. I believe the stricken city will recover soon with the country’s help. $