专题02 选择性必修第三册Units 1~3 单词短语句型语法(期中复习知识清单)高二英语下学期外研版

2026-03-30
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学段 高中
学科 英语
教材版本 高中英语外研版选择性必修第三册
年级 高二
章节 Unit 1 Face Values,Unit 2 A life's Work,Unit 3 War and Peace
类型 学案-知识清单
知识点 -
使用场景 同步教学-期中
学年 2026-2027
地区(省份) 全国
地区(市) -
地区(区县) -
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发布时间 2026-03-30
更新时间 2026-04-07
作者 小米夏
品牌系列 上好课·考点大串讲
审核时间 2026-03-30
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专题02 选择性必修第三册Units 1~3 单词短语句型语法 Unit 1 Face values 重点单词及变形 / 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 1.    v. (使)增大,扩大→    adj.大的,大规模的,大量的  2.    adj.痴迷的,迷恋的;过度的(含贬义)→    v.使痴迷;使迷恋→    n.痴迷;着魔  3.    v.对(人或情况)判断错误→    v.判断,评判→    n.看法;意见  4.     adj.完全相同的;非常相似的→     n.相同;一致  5.    n.假定,假设→    v.假定,假设  6.     adj.可怕的→     n.惊吓,恐怖→     v.使惊吓;使惊恐→     adj.惊吓的;害怕的→    adj.令人恐惧的  7.     n.小说家→     n.小说  8.     adj.优美的,优雅的→    adv.优美地,优雅地→    n.优美,优雅  9.     n.理解(力) →    v.理解,领悟  10.     n.表情;神色→     v.表达  11.     adj.(感情)强烈的,深切的→    adv.极大地;深刻地  12.    n.(尤指隐藏的)动机,原因,目的→    vt.激发;激励→    n.动力  重点单词用法精萃 / 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 1.pretend v.假装,装作;假扮 pretend to do... pretend to be doing... pretend to have done... pretend to be+ n./ adj. pretend that... 2.bother v.打扰;烦扰;麻烦;操心;(使)苦恼 n.[U]烦扰;麻烦;困难;[C]麻烦的事;讨厌的人 bother to do/doing sth. bother sb.with/about sth. bother sb.to do sth.麻 It bothers/bothered sb.that.../to do... have bother (in) doing sth. 3.acknowledge vt.认可;承认某事属实或某情况存在;确认;答谢;告知 acknowledge sb./sth.to be/as... acknowledge doing/having done sth. It is universally/widely acknowledged that...… acknowledgement n. in acknowledgement of 4.expression n.词语;措辞;表情;神色;表达 beyond expression without expression give expression to express express sth.to sb. express oneself expressive adj. 5.make efforts/an/every effort to do sth.努力做某事 in an effort to do sth. spare no efforts to do sth. without effort with effort 6.as引导状语从句 as作连词,有以下用法: •“当……时候;一边……一边……;随着”,引导时间状语从句。 •“按照……的方式(方法);如同……”,引导方式状语从句。 •“因为;既然”,引导原因状语从句。 •“尽管”,引导让步状语从句。 •引导比较状语从句,常用于as...as...句型,意为“ ”(第一个as是副词,第二个as是连词)。 注意: (1)当as引导让步状语从句时,从句使用部分倒装,即将形容词、副词、名词、动词等放于as前面;单数可数名词提前时应该省掉冠词。 (2)with意为“随着”时是介词,后接名词或代词等构成with短语或with复合结构。 必背短语 / 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 1.      在……方面;从……角度  2.      增加某人的信心  3.      从头到脚  4.      对……感到惊讶  5.      对……做出假设  6.      秘密地  7.      长大;成熟;成长  8.      爱上  9.      出于怜悯  10.      某人无法理解  11.      呈现  12.a lack of        13.a desire for        14.make/leave a good impression on sb.        15.make an effort/efforts        16.nothing but        17.to sum up        18.be celebrated as        19.in any case          20.compare...to...          21.attempt to do          22.be concerned with...          23.engage in        24.in pursuit of        重点句型 / 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 1.正如《丑女贝蒂》中的一首歌曲表达的那样:这是一个漂亮的人的世界。     a song in Ugly Betty         , “It's a pretty person's world”.  2.他看上去不是特别健壮,有时看上去好像缺乏自信。 He doesn't appear to be particularly tough and sometimes                              .  3.然而,如此多的忧郁和温柔覆盖了这一切,以至于她慢慢地适应了它。 Yet there was so much melancholy and so much gentleness spread over all this                             .  4.他首先打破沉默。 He was the first                   .  5.我从来没有像现在这样觉得自己丑陋。               viewed my ugliness as at the present moment.  语法梳理 / 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 主语从句 一、主语从句的概述 在复合句中充当主语成分的句子叫作主语从句。主语从句可直接放在句首,也可用形式主语it代替,而将主语从句后置。 二、主语从句的引导词 1.从属连词 that, whether, if等。 2.连接代词 who, whose, whom, which, what, whoever, whomever, whichever, whatever等。 3.连接副词 when, where, why, how, whenever,however,wherever等。 三、主语从句的用法 1.that引导的主语从句 (1)that引导主语从句时只起连接作用,在从句中不作任何成分,没有实际意义。但是that不能省略。 we need more equipment is obvious.显然,我们需要更多的设备。 [名师点津] 从句作主语,谓语动词用单数形式。 (2)在that引导的主语从句中,常用it作形式主语,that引导的主语从句后置,常见的此类句型有: ①It+be+形容词(obvious, natural, surprising, possible, likely, important, necessary等)+that从句 It is certain she will do well in her exam.可以肯定她会考得很好。 [名师点津] 在句型It+be+形容词+that从句中,如果形容词为necessary, important等,主语从句要用虚拟语气。即:It is necessary/important that+主语+(should)+动词原形+其他. It is important he (should) attend every day.他每天都要出席,这很重要。 ②It+be+名词(词组)(no wonder, an honour, a good thing, a pity, no surprise等)+that从句。 It is no surprise our team have won the game.我们队已经赢得了那场比赛并不令人惊奇。 ③It+be+过去分词(said, reported, thought, expected, decided, announced, suggested等)+that从句。 It is reported no passengers were injured in the accident.据报道,事故中没有乘客受伤。 [名师点津] 如果过去分词为表示建议、命令、要求等的词(suggested,advised,ordered,requested,insisted,demanded等),从句用虚拟语气,谓语动词的形式为“(should)+动词原形”。 It is suggested you(should) spend more time in studying English.建议你花更多的时间学习英语。 ④It+动词/动词短语(seem, appear, happen, matter, turn out, prove, occur to sb.等)+that从句 It happened I was away when he called.他来电话时我碰巧不在。 2.whether引导的主语从句 whether引导的主语从句既可放在句首,也可放在句末(前面需用it作形式主语)。whether意为“是否”,只起连接作用,在句中不作成分,且不可省略。 It is unknown he has agreed to my plan.不知道他是否已经同意了我的计划。 3.连接代词或连接副词引导的主语从句 (1)连接代词what, who, whom, whose, which, whatever, whoever, whichever等在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语时,不可以省略。 breaks the law will be punished.无论谁触犯了法律都会受到惩罚。 [名师点津] ①whoever和whatever引导的主语从句一般不用it作形式主语。 ②what引导主语从句并在从句中作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数;what引导主语从句并在从句中作宾语时,谓语动词的单复数由谓语动词后面名词的数决定。 hurt my feelings was the judge's comment.伤害我感情的是评审员的评语。 (2)连接副词when, where, why, how,whenever,however, wherever等在从句中作状语。 he lives is not known to anyone.他住在哪里谁也不知道。 单元写作 关于文学作品的介绍 文学作品介绍一般包括小说、戏剧等的故事背景、故事情节、人物角色,最后要发表一下自己的观点。对作品做评价时,我们可以从一个情节和人物形象或一个场面等方面着手。 [基本框架] 第一段:简要介绍文学作品及作者。 第二段:详细介绍其故事背景、故事情节、人物角色等。 第三段:发表自己的观点。 [注意事项] 1.时态主要是一般现在时,也可根据需要灵活使用其他时态。 2.以第一和第三人称为主。 3.使用恰当的过渡词。 [常用词块] 1.fairy tales童话故事 2.my favorite novel我最喜欢的小说 3.be written by由……创作 4.write many science fictions写了很多科幻小说 5.devote himself to literature致力于文学(写作) 6.a vivid description of many difficulties and incidents生动地描述了许多困难和事情 7.learn a lot from the book从这本书中学到很多 8.a nice and funny book一本又好看又有趣的书 9.be about the life of a poor child关于一个贫穷孩子的生活 10.the contents and plots of the book这本书的内容和情节 [常用语句] 1.I enjoy reading different kinds of books,but Harry Porter is my favorite one. 我很喜欢读不同种类的书,但是,《哈利·波特》是我最喜欢的书。 2.The fairy tales are my favorites,such as Grimm's Fairy Tales,Anderson's Fairy Tales and so on. 童话故事是我最喜欢的,比如说《格林童话》《安徒生童话》等。 3.The story is very long but I am interested in it.这个故事很长,但是我很感兴趣。 4.In fact,the fiction story is so meaningful that I can learn a lot from it. 事实上,这个小说非常有意义,我从这本书中学到很多。 5.We are also astonished and convinced by his fertile imagination and scientific and geographical knowledge.我们也对他丰富的想象力、科学、地理知识感到很吃惊和折服。 6.I think it's the best book I've ever read. 我认为这是我读过的最好的书。 例文 请写一篇80词左右的短文,介绍小说《百万英镑》(The Million Pound Bank Note),主要内容包括: 1. 小说作者;2.语言风格;3.故事梗概;4.你印象最深的地方。 Unit 2 A life's Work 重点单词变形 1.    n.着迷,迷恋→    v.使着迷→    adj.迷人的,极有吸引力的  2.    adj.不复杂的,简单的;单纯的→    adj.复杂的  3.     n.(旧建筑或旧家具等的)修复,整修→    v.恢复;修复  4.    n.最大量,最大值→     n.最小值  5.    v.维护,保护;保存→    n.维护,保护;保存  6.    adj.谦虚的,谦逊的→    n.谦逊  7.    v.支配,控制,主宰→    n.支配,控制;统治  8.    n.建筑风格,建筑设计→     n.建筑师  9.    adj.宏大的,艰巨的→    n.雄心;野心;抱负  10.    v.与……有关→    n.协会,社团;联合;联想  11.    n.分析→    v.分析  重点单词用法精萃 1.nothing more than=no more than不过;仅仅;只有 用法 规则 (1)more than+数词,表示“ ”,相当于over。 (2)more than+形容词,表示“ ”。 (3)more than+名词,表示“ ”。 (4)more than与情态动词can/could连用时,表示“ ”。 (5)more...than...表示“ ”。 (6)no more than+名词或基数词,表示“ ”(侧重数量少)。 (7)not more than+基数词,表示“ ”。 注意 事项 (1)当more than用来连接两个主语时,谓语动词的数通常与第一个主语的数保持一致。 (2)more...than...结构强调more后面的内容,表示同一个人或事物的两种特征对比。 2.contribute to有助于;导致 contribute v. contribute...to... contribution n. make contributions/a contribution to 3.date back to (=date from)追溯到;始于;起源于 date back out of dateout­of­date up to dateup­to­date to date set/fix a date for sth. 4.leave ... behind遗留;把……丢在后面 leave out leave...alone leave aside leave for leave off 5.if引导虚拟语气 If it hadn’t been for a three-episode documentary,outsiders would never have known that the plainly-dressed people working here are masters of their craft...若不是一部三集的纪录片,外面的人永远不会知道在这里工作的那些衣着朴素的人都是精于各门技艺的大师…… 非真实条件句中的虚拟语气 虚拟条件句 主句 与现在事实 相反的假设 动词的过去式(be动词一般用were) would/could/should/might+动词原形 与过去事实 相反的假设 had+过去分词 would/could/should/might+ have+过去分词 与将来事实 相反的假设 (1)动词的过去式 (2)were to+动词原形 (3)should+动词原形 would/could/should/might+动词原形 必背短语 1.      为……摆好姿势  2.      把……放入……  3.      不顾,不管  4.      去世  5.      反复试验(以得出最佳结果)  6.      出生于……(的家庭)  7.      退让,认输  8.      对……有经验  9.      按某人自己的节奏  10.      起源于;来源于  11.      使复活;使恢复生机  12.      既不……也不……  13.      开始从事;占据(时间、空间或精力)  14.nothing more than       15.as much as       16.fascination with       17.devotion to       18.not once       19.the approach to       20.the passion for       21.day in, day out       22.range from...to...        23.pass on...to...        24.take on       重点句型 1.这些东西是真实的,正是在它们的真实中,坎宁安看到了美和潜力。 These things were real, and                               Cunningham saw both beauty and potential.  2.他珍视自己的正直,不为任何人所动摇,无论提供给他多少免费衣物或远程航班。 He valued his integrity and would not be bought by anyone,                     free clothes or flights to faraway destinations he was offered.  3.但是,尽管经过几代大师的共同努力,时钟的修复似乎不大可能完成。 But, despite the combined work of several generations of masters,                     the restoration of the clocks will ever be complete.  4.而且,被鼓励继承他父亲的事业,王先生的儿子现在也开始从事修理古董钟。 What's more,                                   , Mr Wang's son now has also taken up repairing antique clocks.  5.他们的技艺如此非凡,以至于他们的许多建筑在地震中幸存下来,并屹立了数百年。                               many of their buildings survived earthquakes and remained standing over hundreds of years.  语法精讲 表语从句 一、表语从句的概述 在复合句中作表语的从句,叫作表语从句。它位于主句的系动词之后,对主语进行解释、说明,使主语的内容具体化。含有表语从句的复合句的一般结构为“主语+连系动词+表语从句”。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be, seem, look, sound, taste, feel, remain, appear等。另外,because, as if, as though, as, like等也可引导表语从句。 二、表语从句的引导词 1.从属连词:that, whether等; 2.连接代词:who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever等; 3.连接副词:when, where, how, why, whenever, wherever, however等。 三、表语从句的类型 1.从属连词that, whether引导的表语从句 that,whether只起连接作用,在从句中不作句子成分。that无实义,一般不可省略,whether意为“是否”,不能换成if(一般不用if引导表语从句)。 The trouble is he has lost his money.麻烦是他丢了钱。 The question is we need more ice cream.问题是我们是否还需要一些冰激凌。 2.连接代词引导的表语从句 连接代词who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever等引导表语从句,在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语,连接代词不能省略。 The problem was could do the work.问题是谁能做这项工作。 That's he is worrying about.那就是他在担心的事。 3.连接副词引导的表语从句 连接副词 when, where, how, why, whenever, wherever, however等除在句子中起连接作用外,在从句中还充当时间、地点、方式或原因状语,本身具有词义。 Go and get your coat.It's you left it.去把外套拿来,就在你原来放的地方。 I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella.That's I got wet through.我既没雨衣也没雨伞,这就是我淋湿的原因。 That is mice ruin many stores of grain every year.那就是老鼠怎样每年损害大量粮食的。 4.because/why引导的表语从句 because与why引导表语从句的区别:because引导的表语从句强调原因;why引导的表语从句强调结果。 That's he didn't understand me.那是因为他不理解我。 This is I think my happiest days will be in the future.这就是我认为自己最快乐的日子会在将来的原因。 —You look tired. —That may be I didn't have a good sleep last night. ——你看起来很累。 ——那可能是因为我昨天晚上没睡好。 [名师点津] 如果主句主语是reason,表语从句的连接词用that,不能用why或because。常见的句型为“The reason why ...is that ...” The reason why he came late is he got up late.(that不能换成because) 他迟到的原因是他起床晚了。 四、表语从句使用虚拟语气的情况 1.as if, as though 引导的表语从句可用陈述语气,也可用虚拟语气。此类表语从句常跟在特定的动词后面,如seem, appear, look, taste, sound, feel等。as if/as though引导的表语从句用虚拟语气时,如果从句表示与现在事实相反,谓语动词用一般过去时;如果从句表示与过去事实相反,谓语动词用“had+过去分词”;如果从句表示与将来事实相反,谓语动词用“would/could/might+动词原形”。 You look you've had a good time.(陈述语气)你看起来好像玩得很开心。 They talked they had been good friends for years.(虚拟语气)他们说起话来好像是多年的好朋友似的。 2.如果主句的主语是advice, demand, order, suggestion, requirement, request, command等时,表语从句用虚拟语气,动词形式为“(should)+动词原形”。 The suggestion given by our teacher is we (should) practise reading English every day. 我们老师给的建议是我们应该每天练习读英语。 Her request is the doctor (should) be sent for at once.她要求立即派人请医生来。 单元写作 介绍一位具有工匠精神的人物 人物介绍的相关表达 开头: 简单地 介绍人 物   词汇 1.be born in 出生于 2.be considered/regarded as被认为是…… 句子 1.Confucius is a great thinker and educationist in ancient China.孔子是中国古代伟大的思想家和教育家。 2.Born in Yibin City, Sichuan Province in 1905, Zhao Yiman became a member of the Communist Party of China in 1926.赵一曼1905年出生于四川省宜宾市,1926年加入中国共产党。 主体: 介绍人 物的生 平和成 就等  词汇 1.become interested in对……产生兴趣 2.show interest in表现出对……的兴趣 3.at an early age在年幼时 句子 1.Deng Yaping, whose hobby is playing ping-pong, has devoted herself to the sport after graduation.邓亚萍的爱好是打乒乓球,毕业后她全身心地投入到这项运动中。 2.Li Keran, a famous painter and art educator, developed a personal style of landscape painting.著名画家兼美术教育家李可染形成了自己的山水画风格。 3.Not only is he devoted to his research, but he also concerns himself with the welfare project.他不仅致力于自己的研究,而且还关心福利项目。 4.In 2006, having broken the world record and got the gold medal, he became the idol of the youth.2006年,他打破了世界纪录并获得金牌,成为年轻人的偶像。 5.It is his hard training and his perseverance that lead to his breakthrough and success in swimming.正是他的刻苦训练和毅力使他在游泳方面取得了突破和成功。 6.Not only is she very strict with herself in her study and daily life, but she is also always ready to help others.她不但在学习和日常生活中严格要求自己,而且总是乐于帮助别人。 结尾: 评价人 物,表达 自己的 感想 词汇 1.ambitious adj.有抱负的,野心勃勃的 2.outstanding adj.杰出的 3.modest adj.谦虚的 4.painstaking adj.小心的;费尽心思的;精心的 5.be famous for因……而出名 6.dedicate oneself to致力于 句子/ 句型 1.Nie Er is considered as one of the greatest musical geniuses in the history of China and will be remembered by the Chinese people forever.聂耳被认为是中国历史上最伟大的音乐天才之一,中国人民将永远铭记他。 2.Due to his/her contribution to..., he/she was honoured with...由于他/她对……的贡献,他/她荣获…… 3.She/He sets a good example to us and we should...她/他为我们树立了好的榜样,我们应该…… 写作题目   假定你是李华, 请根据下列提示,为校报的英语园地写一篇英语短文,介绍你最崇拜的中国科学家梁建英。   1.出生时间、地点:1972年4月出生于吉林省。   2.职务:中国高铁总设计师。   3.主要经历:   (1) 1995年大学毕业后开始从事高铁研究工作;   (2) 2007年她率领团队研制出国内首列运行时速为300—350千米的高速列车;   (3) 2017年,“复兴号”以350千米的时速正式投入运营,在高铁运营领域取得了新的突破。 注意:写作词数应为80个左右。 参考词汇:高速列车G-Series High-Speed Train 思路点拨 Unit 3 War and peace 重点单词变形 1.    adj.狂暴的,凶暴的→    n.暴力,暴行;狂热;激情→    adv.猛烈地;激烈地  2.    n.(军队的)登陆→    vi.登陆;跌落  3.    n.指挥官,长官→    v.命令,统率  4.    n.目的,目标 adj.客观的;客观存在的,基于事实的→    adv.客观地  5.    adv.勉强才能→    adj.裸露的;光秃秃的  6.    v.解放(城市、国家等)→    n.解放  7.    adj.纪念的,追悼的→    n.记忆;记忆力→    adj.值得纪念的;难忘的  8.    n.稳固,稳定→    adj.稳定的,牢固的;稳重的,沉稳的→    adv.稳定地;坚固地→    v.(使)稳定,稳固  9.    adj.学术的→    n.专科院校;研究院;学会→    adv.学术上;理论上  10.    n.侵略→    adj.侵略的;好斗的→    adv.侵略地;有闯劲地  11.    adj.联合的→    n.伙伴;同事;合伙人v.联想,联系→    n.协会,社团  12.    v.出现→    n.兴起→    n.紧急情况,突发事件  13.    n.侵略者,侵略军→    v.侵略,侵袭  14.    n.奉献→    v.献身于,致力于→    adj.献身的;专心致志的  15.    n.代表→    v.代表;象征  重点单词用法精萃 1.objective n.目的,目标 adj.客观的;无偏见的;真实的;宾格的 object v. object to sb./sth. object to (sb.’s) doing sth. objection n. have/raise/make an objection to/against (doing) sth. 用法点拨: object作及物动词时,后只能接that从句作宾语;若接名词或代词作宾语需要后跟介词to。用作及物动词后接that从句时,其后从句所表示的内容不是反对的内容,而是反对的理由。如:I wanted to climb the hill,but he objected that he was too tired.我想要去爬山,但是他却以太累为由表示反对。 2.commander n.指挥官,长官 command v. command sb.to do sth. command that...(should) do... at one’s command take command of in command of have a good command of 3.representative n.代表;代理人 adj.典型的;有代表性的 represent v. represent sb./sth.as/to be... represent sth.to sb. stand for on behalf of sb.(=on one’s behalf) 4.put down镇压;平定;记下;记载;放下 put out put aside put away put forward put up put up with 5.keep to遵守;履行;不偏离 keep it up keep up with keep back keep off keep up keep away from 6.hold down压制;限制 hold back hold out  hold off hold up hold on hold on to 7. no wonder...=It’s no wonder...难怪……;……不足为奇 wonder n. work/do wonders in wonder It’s a wonder that... wonder v. wonder at/about... wonderful adj. 必背短语 1.      组成  2.      从……中解放……,……从……中获得自由  3.      对……有信心  4.      为……做准备  5.      幸免于难,渡过难关;获得成功  6.      与……见面/会面  7.      待命  8.      为……打下基础   9.      处于交战状态  10.      突破, 冲破  11.set the date for       12.nothing less than       13.in between       14.refer to...as...       15.be packed like sardines       16.dire shortages of...       17.shirk one's duty       18.a sense of commitment       19.track down       20.turn sorrow into anger       重点句型 1.代号为“霸王行动”,它是历史上最大的海、空、陆联合行动,目的是使欧洲西北部摆脱德国的占领。 Code-named “Operation Overlord”, it was the largest combined sea, air and landoperation in history,                          north-west Europe from German occupation.  2.随着这些话在他们耳边回响,盟军士兵们为将被称作诺曼底登陆日的那天做准备。 With these words                   , Allied soldiers prepared for what would become known as D-Day.  3.詹姆斯·瑞恩是他家第四个要被派去参加第二次世界大战的儿子。 James Ryan                   in his family              to fight in the Second World War.  4.难怪许多(如果不是大多数的话)中国顶尖的学者和科学家在联大涌现,包括两位诺贝尔物理学奖获得者杨振宁和李政道。                         many, if not most, of China's leading scholars and scientists emerged at Lianda, including the two Nobel Prize-winning physicists, Yang Zhenning and Li Zhengdao.  5.但它已经成为中国现代大学的最高荣誉,不但因为它有杰出的教授和有才华的学生,而且因为这所学校有不屈不挠和奉献的顽强精神。 But it has become the crowning glory of China's modern universities,           because of its prominent professors and talented students,           because of the school's strong spirit of perseverance and dedication.   语法精讲 主谓一致 主谓一致是指句子的谓语动词与其主语在“人称”和“数”上保持一致。 [归纳用法] 1.集体名词作主语时的主谓一致 (1)集体名词作主语,如果表示一个整体概念时,谓语动词就用单数形式;如果强调组成集体的个体成员时,谓语动词就用复数形式。常见的这类名词有family,class,team,group,enemy,army,audience, band, club,crowd,staff,committee,company, crew, government, public等。 The family in Canada.这家人已定居加拿大。 My family lunch now.我们一家人现在正吃午饭。 (2)个别集体名词,如people,police,cattle等作主语,谓语动词必须用复数形式。 The police investigating the case.警方正在调查这个案件。 2.单数名词作主语,后面紧跟as well as,rather than, but,except,besides,with,along with,together with,like,including,in addition to,combined with等时,谓语动词用单数形式。 The teacher as well as the students ready to help others.不仅学生们乐于助人,老师也乐于助人。 3.单复数同形的名词作主语时的主谓一致 单复数同形的名词作主语时,根据其意义是单数概念还是复数概念来判断谓语用单数还是用复数。如means方式,方法,sheep羊,deer鹿,works工厂等。 Every means many times.每一种办法都已经试过多次了。 4.单数概念的复数形式名词作主语时的主谓一致 单数概念的复数形式名词(如学科、机构、书名、剧名、国名等)作主语,谓语通常用单数形式。如physics 物理,mathematics/maths 数学,economics 经济学,politics政治学,gymnastics体操,the United States 美国,the United Nations联合国,A Dream in Red Mansions(The Story of the Stone) 《红楼梦》,Anderson's Fairy Tales 《安徒生童话集》 等。 As we know,physics a fundamental subject in science.我们知道物理是自然科学中的一门基础学科。 Mathematics a required course for middle school students.数学是中学生的一门必修课。 5.“两部分” 概念的物体名词作主语时的主谓一致 由两部分组成的物体名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数。但是如果这些词由单位词(a pair of,a kind of, a suit of,a piece of 等)修饰时,单位词的单复数决定谓语动词的单复数。这类名词如chopsticks, compasses,glasses, gloves,jeans,pants,scissors,shoes,shorts,socks,trousers等。 My trousers white.我的裤子是白色的。 Why your shoes so dirty?为什么你的鞋子那么脏? 6.名词短语(距离、时间、长度、金额等)作主语时的主谓一致 当名词短语的中心词为表示距离、时间、长度、金额等的复数名词时,往往把这些复数名词看作一个整体,谓语动词用单数形式。这类复数名词有miles,dollars,pounds,kilograms,kilometres,centimeters, millimeters,seconds,hours,years等。 Five dollars a fair price.五美元看起来是一个公道的价格。 7.more(...)than one.../many a...结构作主语时的主谓一致 “more than one/many a...+单数名词”作主语时,谓语用单数;“more+复数名词+than one” 作主语时,谓语用复数。 More than one white rose in the garden.花园里开了不止一朵白玫瑰。 8.“分数/百分数+of+名词”构成的短语作主语时的主谓一致 “分数/百分数+of+名词” 构成的短语作主语时,谓语动词的单复数取决于of后的名词的数。 Two thirds of the students the plan.三分之二的学生支持这项计划。 单元写作 介绍一位英雄人物 描写一位英雄人物属于记叙文的范畴,它以写人、记事为主,以叙述和描写为主要表达方式。一篇好的人物描写一般分为三大部分,即生平介绍、事迹叙述和简短的评论。时态的选择要视情况而定,若写人物的过去就用过去时态,若写人物的现在就用现在时态。 [基本框架] 1.首段:生平介绍 人物的出生时间和地点是必不可少的信息;介绍生平时要尊重客观事实,材料要真实。 2.中段:事迹叙述 选材要着眼于人物的生活背景及其成就事迹,以形成对比,起到突出人物的特点和树立榜样的作用。选材要有重点,不必面面俱到。 3.尾段:简短的评论 对所描述的人物的评论要客观公正。 [常用词块] 1.at the age of four 4岁时 2.a boy of sixteen一个16岁的男孩 3.make friends with her和她交朋友 4.be ready to help others乐于助人 5.a lively and smart girl一个活泼聪明的女孩 6.be warm­hearted and good­looking热心肠而且漂亮/俊朗 7.learn from each other and help each other相互帮助相互学习 8.be highly praised by the teachers and students得到老师和同学的高度称赞 9.join the Eighth Route Army参加八路军 10.be born in a poor peasant family出生于一个贫苦的农民家庭 [常用语句] 1.介绍人物的姓名、出身及外貌特征 ①He has fair hair and blue eyes.他有金色的头发和蓝色的眼睛。 ②Abraham Lincoln,the son of a poor family,was born in Kentucky on February 12,1809. 亚伯拉罕·林肯,一个贫苦家庭的儿子,于1809年2月12日生于肯塔基州。 ③She is an ordinary­looking girl,but her kindness and consideration impress me most. 她是一个普普通通的女孩,但她的善良和体贴使我印象深刻。 ④He is a good­looking,kind­hearted man.他是一个相貌俊朗,心地善良的男子。 2.介绍人物的成就或取得的成绩 ①She won first prize in the Chinese Poetry Contest at the age of ten.她10岁就获得了《中国诗词比赛》一等奖。 ②He spent 28 years on the ocean journeys and went to more than thirty countries.As a result,China's economy developed faster. 他花了28年在海上航行,到达30多个国家。结果,中国的经济发展得更快了。 ③He/She is good at spoken English and even better at using computers. 他/她擅长英语口语,更擅长使用电脑。 3.介绍人物的影响及人们对此人的评价 ①We regard him as our model.我们把他作为我们的榜样。 ②The people had come to love him as an inspiring leader.人们把他作为一个鼓舞人心的领袖而开始热爱他。 ③Lei Feng has been praised for his communist spirit.雷锋因他的共产主义精神而受到称赞。 例文 保定市残疾青年医生宁学雷,凭着其过人的医术和高尚的医德为乡邻所敬重。请你根据下列有关提示用英语写一篇报道,简要介绍身残志坚的好医生宁学雷。 1.宁学雷出生在河北保定市,1岁时患上了小儿麻痹症,导致下身瘫痪,疾病的磨难激发了他学医救人的志向; 2.经过多年的刻苦学习,他最终实现了梦想,考入了一所医学院; 3.大学毕业后,他开了一家诊所,边行医边学习,不断提高自己的医术; 4.他医德高尚,不计报酬,始终把治病救人放在首位,因此赢得了人们的尊重。 注意:1.词数80左右;2.短文要求包含所有要点,但不必逐条翻译; 3.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。 参考词汇:小儿麻痹症poliomyelitis $专题02 选择性必修第三册Units 1~3 单词短语句型语法 Unit 1 Face values 重点单词及变形 / 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 1.enlarge v. (使)增大,扩大→large adj.大的,大规模的,大量的  2.obsessive adj.痴迷的,迷恋的;过度的(含贬义) →obsess v.使痴迷;使迷恋→obsession n.痴迷;着魔  3.misjudge v.对(人或情况)判断错误→judge v.判断,评判→judgement/judgment n.看法;意见  4.identical adj.完全相同的;非常相似的 →identityn.相同;一致  5.assumption n.假定,假设→assume v.假定,假设  6.frightful adj.可怕的→fright n.惊吓,恐怖 →frighten v.使惊吓;使惊恐→frightened adj.惊吓的;害怕的→frightening adj.令人恐惧的  7.novelist n.小说家→novel n.小说  8.graceful adj.优美的,优雅的→gracefully adv.优美地,优雅地→grace n.优美,优雅  9.comprehension n.理解(力) →comprehend v.理解,领悟  10.expression n.表情;神色→express v.表达  11.profound adj.(感情)强烈的,深切的→profoundly adv.极大地;深刻地  12.motive n.(尤指隐藏的)动机,原因,目的 →motivate vt.激发;激励→motivation n.动力  重点单词用法精萃 / 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 1.pretend v.假装,装作;假扮 pretend to do...假装做…… pretend to be doing...假装正在做…… pretend to have done...假装已经做过…… pretend to be+ n./ adj.假装是…… pretend that...假装…… 2.bother v.打扰;烦扰;麻烦;操心;(使)苦恼 n.[U]烦扰;麻烦;困难;[C]麻烦的事;讨厌的人 bother to do/doing sth.操心/费心做某事 bother sb.with/about sth.用某事打扰或麻烦某人 bother sb.to do sth.麻烦某人做某事 It bothers/bothered sb.that.../to do...使某人烦恼的是…… have bother (in) doing sth.费劲/有麻烦做某事 3.acknowledge vt.认可;承认某事属实或某情况存在;确认;答谢;告知 acknowledge sb./sth.to be/as...认为某人/物是……;承认某人/物是…… acknowledge doing/having done sth.承认做了某事 It is universally/widely acknowledged that...……是大家公认的。 acknowledgement n.承认;感谢;收件复函 in acknowledgement of为感谢…… 4.expression n.词语;措辞;表情;神色;表达 beyond expression无法形容 without expression毫无表情 give expression to表达;表现;把……表达出来 express v.表达;表示 n.快车;快递 adj.快递的;特快的;明确的 express sth.to sb.向某人表达…… express oneself表达自己的思想感情 expressive adj.有表现力的;表达的 5.make efforts/an/every effort to do sth.努力做某事 in an effort to do sth.为了做某事 spare no efforts to do sth.不遗余力地做某事 without effort毫不费力地 with effort努力地,艰难地 6.as引导状语从句 as作连词,有以下用法: •“当……时候;一边……一边……;随着”,引导时间状语从句。 •“按照……的方式(方法);如同……”,引导方式状语从句。 •“因为;既然”,引导原因状语从句。 •“尽管”,引导让步状语从句。 •引导比较状语从句,常用于as...as...句型,意为“像……一样……”(第一个as是副词,第二个as是连词)。 注意: (1)当as引导让步状语从句时,从句使用部分倒装,即将形容词、副词、名词、动词等放于as前面;单数可数名词提前时应该省掉冠词。 (2)with意为“随着”时是介词,后接名词或代词等构成with短语或with复合结构。 必背短语 / 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 1.in terms of在……方面;从……角度  2.boost one's confidence增加某人的信心  3.from head to toe从头到脚  4.be surprised at对……感到惊讶  5.make assumptions about对……做出假设  6.in secret秘密地  7.grow up长大;成熟;成长  8.fall in love with爱上  9.out of mercy出于怜悯  10.beyond one's comprehension某人无法理解  11.take on呈现  12.a lack of 缺乏  13.a desire for 渴望得到(某物) 14.make/leave a good impression on sb. 给某人留下好的印象 15.make an effort/efforts 努力 16.nothing but 仅仅,只有 17.to sum up 总之;概括地说 18.be celebrated as 被誉为 19.in any case 无论如何 20.compare...to...把……与……相比 21.attempt to do 试图做 22.be concerned with... 试图做对……感兴趣;关注…… 23.engage in 从事,参加 24.in pursuit of 追寻 重点句型 / 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 1.正如《丑女贝蒂》中的一首歌曲表达的那样:这是一个漂亮的人的世界。 As a song in Ugly Betty puts it, “It's a pretty person's world”.  2.他看上去不是特别健壮,有时看上去好像缺乏自信。 He doesn't appear to be particularly tough and sometimes looks as if he lacks confidence.  3.然而,如此多的忧郁和温柔覆盖了这一切,以至于她慢慢地适应了它。 Yet there was so much melancholy and so much gentleness spread over all This that she gradually adjusted to it.  4.他首先打破沉默。He was the firs to break the silence.  5.我从来没有像现在这样觉得自己丑陋。 Never have I viewed my ugliness as at the present moment.  语法梳理 / 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 主语从句 一、主语从句的概述 在复合句中充当主语成分的句子叫作主语从句。主语从句可直接放在句首,也可用形式主语it代替,而将主语从句后置。 二、主语从句的引导词 1.从属连词 that, whether, if等。 2.连接代词 who, whose, whom, which, what, whoever, whomever, whichever, whatever等。 3.连接副词 when, where, why, how, whenever,however,wherever等。 三、主语从句的用法 1.that引导的主语从句 (1)that引导主语从句时只起连接作用,在从句中不作任何成分,没有实际意义。但是that不能省略。 That we need more equipment is obvious.显然,我们需要更多的设备。 [名师点津] 从句作主语,谓语动词用单数形式。 (2)在that引导的主语从句中,常用it作形式主语,that引导的主语从句后置,常见的此类句型有: ①It+be+形容词(obvious, natural, surprising, possible, likely, important, necessary等)+that从句 It is certain that she will do well in her exam.可以肯定她会考得很好。 [名师点津] 在句型It+be+形容词+that从句中,如果形容词为necessary, important等,主语从句要用虚拟语气。即:It is necessary/important that+主语+(should)+动词原形+其他. It is important that he (should) attend every day.他每天都要出席,这很重要。 ②It+be+名词(词组)(no wonder, an honour, a good thing, a pity, no surprise等)+that从句。 It is no surprise that our team have won the game.我们队已经赢得了那场比赛并不令人惊奇。 ③It+be+过去分词(said, reported, thought, expected, decided, announced, suggested等)+that从句。 It is reported that no passengers were injured in the accident.据报道,事故中没有乘客受伤。 [名师点津] 如果过去分词为表示建议、命令、要求等的词(suggested,advised,ordered,requested,insisted,demanded等),从句用虚拟语气,谓语动词的形式为“(should)+动词原形”。 It is suggested that you(should) spend more time in studying English.建议你花更多的时间学习英语。 ④It+动词/动词短语(seem, appear, happen, matter, turn out, prove, occur to sb.等)+that从句 It happened that I was away when he called.他来电话时我碰巧不在。 2.whether引导的主语从句 whether引导的主语从句既可放在句首,也可放在句末(前面需用it作形式主语)。whether意为“是否”,只起连接作用,在句中不作成分,且不可省略。 It is unknown whether he has agreed to my plan.不知道他是否已经同意了我的计划。 3.连接代词或连接副词引导的主语从句 (1)连接代词what, who, whom, whose, which, whatever, whoever, whichever等在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语时,不可以省略。 Whoever breaks the law will be punished.无论谁触犯了法律都会受到惩罚。 [名师点津] ①whoever和whatever引导的主语从句一般不用it作形式主语。 ②what引导主语从句并在从句中作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数;what引导主语从句并在从句中作宾语时,谓语动词的单复数由谓语动词后面名词的数决定。 What hurt my feelings was the judge's comment.伤害我感情的是评审员的评语。 (2)连接副词when, where, why, how,whenever,however, wherever等在从句中作状语。 Where he lives is not known to anyone.他住在哪里谁也不知道。 单元写作 关于文学作品的介绍 文学作品介绍一般包括小说、戏剧等的故事背景、故事情节、人物角色,最后要发表一下自己的观点。对作品做评价时,我们可以从一个情节和人物形象或一个场面等方面着手。 [基本框架] 第一段:简要介绍文学作品及作者。 第二段:详细介绍其故事背景、故事情节、人物角色等。 第三段:发表自己的观点。 [注意事项] 1.时态主要是一般现在时,也可根据需要灵活使用其他时态。 2.以第一和第三人称为主。 3.使用恰当的过渡词。 [常用词块] 1.fairy tales童话故事 2.my favorite novel我最喜欢的小说 3.be written by由……创作 4.write many science fictions写了很多科幻小说 5.devote himself to literature致力于文学(写作) 6.a vivid description of many difficulties and incidents生动地描述了许多困难和事情 7.learn a lot from the book从这本书中学到很多 8.a nice and funny book一本又好看又有趣的书 9.be about the life of a poor child关于一个贫穷孩子的生活 10.the contents and plots of the book这本书的内容和情节 [常用语句] 1.I enjoy reading different kinds of books,but Harry Porter is my favorite one. 我很喜欢读不同种类的书,但是,《哈利·波特》是我最喜欢的书。 2.The fairy tales are my favorites,such as Grimm's Fairy Tales,Anderson's Fairy Tales and so on. 童话故事是我最喜欢的,比如说《格林童话》《安徒生童话》等。 3.The story is very long but I am interested in it.这个故事很长,但是我很感兴趣。 4.In fact,the fiction story is so meaningful that I can learn a lot from it. 事实上,这个小说非常有意义,我从这本书中学到很多。 5.We are also astonished and convinced by his fertile imagination and scientific and geographical knowledge.我们也对他丰富的想象力、科学、地理知识感到很吃惊和折服。 6.I think it's the best book I've ever read. 我认为这是我读过的最好的书。 例文 请写一篇80词左右的短文,介绍小说《百万英镑》(The Million Pound Bank Note),主要内容包括: 1.小说作者;2.语言风格;3.故事梗概;4.你印象最深的地方。 The Million Pound Bank Note was written by Mark Twain,a great American writer.Through his humorous and sarcastic language,Mark Twain successfully depicted an unbelievable adventure of Henry Adams,a penniless American in London. Two rich men in London have a bet on Henry and want to see what will become of him a month later if they give him a million pound banknote which can't be cashed for even a penny.A month goes by,but Henry becomes a a rich man.What's more,he even wins a pretty lady's love. What impresses me most is that in the story,Henry's note is only exhibited for the eyes of others as a symbol of wealth. Unit 2 A life's Work 重点单词变形 1. fascination n.着迷,迷恋→fascinate v.使着迷 →fascinating adj.迷人的,极有吸引力的  2. uncomplicated adj.不复杂的,简单的;单纯的 →complicated adj.复杂的  3. restoration n.(旧建筑或旧家具等的)修复,整修 →restore v.恢复;修复  4.maximum n.最大量,最大值→minimum n.最小值  5.preserve v.维护,保护;保存→preservation n.维护,保护;保存  6.modest adj.谦虚的,谦逊的→modesty n.谦逊  7.dominate v.支配,控制,主宰→domination n.支配,控制;统治  8.architecture n.建筑风格,建筑设计→architect n.建筑师  9.ambitious adj.宏大的,艰巨的→ambition n.雄心;野心;抱负  10.associate v.与……有关→association n.协会,社团;联合;联想  11.analysis n.分析→analyze v.分析  重点单词用法精萃 1.nothing more than=no more than不过;仅仅;只有 用法 规则 (1)more than+数词,表示“超过;多于”,相当于over。 (2)more than+形容词,表示“很;非常”。 (3)more than+名词,表示“不只是,不仅仅”。 (4)more than与情态动词can/could连用时,表示“超过了……所能”。 (5)more...than...表示“比……更……;与其说……不如说……”。 (6)no more than+名词或基数词,表示“不过;仅仅;只有”(侧重数量少)。 (7)not more than+基数词,表示“最多;不超过”。 注意 事项 (1)当more than用来连接两个主语时,谓语动词的数通常与第一个主语的数保持一致。 (2)more...than...结构强调more后面的内容,表示同一个人或事物的两种特征对比。 2.contribute to有助于;导致 contribute v.捐献;贡献;投稿;促成,造成 contribute...to...把……贡献给……;把(时间等)投入到…… contribution n.贡献;捐献;稿件 make contributions/a contribution to对……做出贡献;捐款 3.date back to (=date from)追溯到;始于;起源于 date back追溯;上溯后接时间段 out of dateout­of­date 过时的,过期的 up to dateup­to­date 最新的 to date到目前为止 set/fix a date for sth.约定……的日期 4.leave ... behind遗留;把……丢在后面 leave out删掉;漏掉;不理会;忽视 leave...alone不管;别惹;让……一个人待着 leave aside不予考虑;搁置一边 leave for动身去某地 leave off中止;中断 5.if引导虚拟语气 If it hadn’t been for a three-episode documentary,outsiders would never have known that the plainly-dressed people working here are masters of their craft...若不是一部三集的纪录片,外面的人永远不会知道在这里工作的那些衣着朴素的人都是精于各门技艺的大师…… 非真实条件句中的虚拟语气 虚拟条件句 主句 与现在事实 相反的假设 动词的过去式(be动词一般用were) would/could/should/might+动词原形 与过去事实 相反的假设 had+过去分词 would/could/should/might+ have+过去分词 与将来事实 相反的假设 (1)动词的过去式 (2)were to+动词原形 (3)should+动词原形 would/could/should/might+动词原形 必背短语 1.pose for为……摆好姿势  2.put...into...把……放入……  3.regardless of不顾,不管  4.pass away去世  5.by trial and error反复试验(以得出最佳结果)  6.be born into出生于……(的家庭)  7.back down退让,认输  8.be experienced in对……有经验  9.at one's own pace按某人自己的节奏  10.originate from起源于;来源于  11.bring...back to life使复活;使恢复生机  12.neither...nor...既不……也不……  13.take up开始从事;占据(时间、空间或精力)  14.nothing more than仅仅;只不过 15.as much as和……一样多 16.fascination with对……着迷 17.devotion to对……的挚爱/奉献 18.not once从未,从来没有 19.the approach to.……的方式/方法 20.the passion for对……的热爱;酷爱…… 21.day in, day out日复一日 22.range from...to... 在一定幅度或范围内变动;包括从……到……之间的各类事物 23.pass on...to... 传递……给…… 24.take on承担;呈现;雇用 重点句型 1.这些东西是真实的,正是在它们的真实中,坎宁安看到了美和潜力。 These things were real, andit was within their reality that Cunningham saw both beauty and potential.  2.他珍视自己的正直,不为任何人所动摇,无论提供给他多少免费衣物或远程航班。 He valued his integrity and would not be bought by anyone,no matter how many free clothes or flights to faraway destinations he was offered.  3.但是,尽管经过几代大师的共同努力,时钟的修复似乎不大可能完成。 But, despite the combined work of several generations of masters, it seems unlikely that the restoration of the clocks will ever be complete.  4.而且,被鼓励继承他父亲的事业,王先生的儿子现在也开始从事修理古董钟。 What's more, inspired to follow in his father's footsteps, Mr Wang's son now has also taken up repairing antique clocks.  5.他们的技艺如此非凡,以至于他们的许多建筑在地震中幸存下来,并屹立了数百年。 So incredible was their skill that many of their buildings survived earthquakes and remained standing over hundreds of years.  语法精讲 表语从句 一、表语从句的概述 在复合句中作表语的从句,叫作表语从句。它位于主句的系动词之后,对主语进行解释、说明,使主语的内容具体化。含有表语从句的复合句的一般结构为“主语+连系动词+表语从句”。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be, seem, look, sound, taste, feel, remain, appear等。另外,because, as if, as though, as, like等也可引导表语从句。 二、表语从句的引导词 1.从属连词:that, whether等; 2.连接代词:who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever等; 3.连接副词:when, where, how, why, whenever, wherever, however等。 三、表语从句的类型 1.从属连词that, whether引导的表语从句 that,whether只起连接作用,在从句中不作句子成分。that无实义,一般不可省略,whether意为“是否”,不能换成if(一般不用if引导表语从句)。 The trouble is that he has lost his money.麻烦是他丢了钱。 The question is whether we need more ice cream.问题是我们是否还需要一些冰激凌。 2.连接代词引导的表语从句 连接代词who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever等引导表语从句,在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语,连接代词不能省略。 The problem was who could do the work.问题是谁能做这项工作。 That's what he is worrying about.那就是他在担心的事。 3.连接副词引导的表语从句 连接副词 when, where, how, why, whenever, wherever, however等除在句子中起连接作用外,在从句中还充当时间、地点、方式或原因状语,本身具有词义。 Go and get your coat.It's where you left it.去把外套拿来,就在你原来放的地方。 I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella.That's why I got wet through.我既没雨衣也没雨伞,这就是我淋湿的原因。 That is how mice ruin many stores of grain every year.那就是老鼠怎样每年损害大量粮食的。 4.because/why引导的表语从句 because与why引导表语从句的区别:because引导的表语从句强调原因;why引导的表语从句强调结果。 That's because he didn't understand me.那是因为他不理解我。 This is why I think my happiest days will be in the future.这就是我认为自己最快乐的日子会在将来的原因。 —You look tired. —That may be because I didn't have a good sleep last night. ——你看起来很累。 ——那可能是因为我昨天晚上没睡好。 [名师点津] 如果主句主语是reason,表语从句的连接词用that,不能用why或because。常见的句型为“The reason why ...is that ...” The reason why he came late is that he got up late.(that不能换成because) 他迟到的原因是他起床晚了。 四、表语从句使用虚拟语气的情况 1.as if, as though 引导的表语从句可用陈述语气,也可用虚拟语气。此类表语从句常跟在特定的动词后面,如seem, appear, look, taste, sound, feel等。as if/as though引导的表语从句用虚拟语气时,如果从句表示与现在事实相反,谓语动词用一般过去时;如果从句表示与过去事实相反,谓语动词用“had+过去分词”;如果从句表示与将来事实相反,谓语动词用“would/could/might+动词原形”。 You look as if you've had a good time.(陈述语气)你看起来好像玩得很开心。 They talked as if they had been good friends for years.(虚拟语气)他们说起话来好像是多年的好朋友似的。 2.如果主句的主语是advice, demand, order, suggestion, requirement, request, command等时,表语从句用虚拟语气,动词形式为“(should)+动词原形”。 The suggestion given by our teacher is that we (should) practise reading English every day. 我们老师给的建议是我们应该每天练习读英语。 Her request is that the doctor (should) be sent for at once.她要求立即派人请医生来。 单元写作 介绍一位具有工匠精神的人物 人物介绍的相关表达 开头: 简单地 介绍人 物   词汇 1.be born in 出生于 2.be considered/regarded as被认为是…… 句子 1.Confucius is a great thinker and educationist in ancient China.孔子是中国古代伟大的思想家和教育家。 2.Born in Yibin City, Sichuan Province in 1905, Zhao Yiman became a member of the Communist Party of China in 1926.赵一曼1905年出生于四川省宜宾市,1926年加入中国共产党。 主体: 介绍人 物的生 平和成 就等  词汇 1.become interested in对……产生兴趣 2.show interest in表现出对……的兴趣 3.at an early age在年幼时 句子 1.Deng Yaping, whose hobby is playing ping-pong, has devoted herself to the sport after graduation.邓亚萍的爱好是打乒乓球,毕业后她全身心地投入到这项运动中。 2.Li Keran, a famous painter and art educator, developed a personal style of landscape painting.著名画家兼美术教育家李可染形成了自己的山水画风格。 3.Not only is he devoted to his research, but he also concerns himself with the welfare project.他不仅致力于自己的研究,而且还关心福利项目。 4.In 2006, having broken the world record and got the gold medal, he became the idol of the youth.2006年,他打破了世界纪录并获得金牌,成为年轻人的偶像。 5.It is his hard training and his perseverance that lead to his breakthrough and success in swimming.正是他的刻苦训练和毅力使他在游泳方面取得了突破和成功。 6.Not only is she very strict with herself in her study and daily life, but she is also always ready to help others.她不但在学习和日常生活中严格要求自己,而且总是乐于帮助别人。 结尾: 评价人 物,表达 自己的 感想 词汇 1.ambitious adj.有抱负的,野心勃勃的 2.outstanding adj.杰出的 3.modest adj.谦虚的 4.painstaking adj.小心的;费尽心思的;精心的 5.be famous for因……而出名 6.dedicate oneself to致力于 句子/ 句型 1.Nie Er is considered as one of the greatest musical geniuses in the history of China and will be remembered by the Chinese people forever.聂耳被认为是中国历史上最伟大的音乐天才之一,中国人民将永远铭记他。 2.Due to his/her contribution to..., he/she was honoured with...由于他/她对……的贡献,他/她荣获…… 3.She/He sets a good example to us and we should...她/他为我们树立了好的榜样,我们应该…… 写作题目   假定你是李华, 请根据下列提示,为校报的英语园地写一篇英语短文,介绍你最崇拜的中国科学家梁建英。   1.出生时间、地点:1972年4月出生于吉林省。   2.职务:中国高铁总设计师。   3.主要经历:   (1) 1995年大学毕业后开始从事高铁研究工作;   (2) 2007年她率领团队研制出国内首列运行时速为300—350千米的高速列车;   (3) 2017年,“复兴号”以350千米的时速正式投入运营,在高铁运营领域取得了新的突破。 注意:写作词数应为80个左右。 参考词汇:高速列车G-Series High-Speed Train 思路点拨 Liang Jianying, general designer of China's high-speed railway,was born in Jilin Province in April 1972. Since she graduated in 1995.Liang Jianying has been devoting herself to the research of China's G-Series High-Speed Train. In 2007, she led her team to develop the first G-Series High-Speed Train in China which was operated at the speed of 300-350 kph. In 2017, the Fuxing train was put into service officially with the speed of 350 kph, which made a new breakthrough in the operation of the high-speed railway. Liang Jianying has set a good example to us. Inspired by her spirit of painstaking devotion and innovation, we will study hard and contribute to the development of our country in the future. Unit 3 War and peace 重点单词变形 1.violent adj.狂暴的,凶暴的→violence n.暴力,暴行;狂热;激情→violently adv.猛烈地;激烈地  2.landing n.(军队的)登陆→land vi.登陆;跌落  3.commander n.指挥官,长官→command v.命令,统率  4.objective n.目的,目标 adj.客观的;客观存在的,基于事实的→objectively adv.客观地  5.barely adv.勉强才能→bare adj.裸露的;光秃秃的  6.liberate v.解放(城市、国家等)→liberation n.解放  7.memorial adj.纪念的,追悼的→memory n.记忆;记忆力→memorable adj.值得纪念的;难忘的  8.stability n.稳固,稳定→stable adj.稳定的,牢固的;稳重的,沉稳的→stably adv.稳定地;坚固地 →stabilize v.(使)稳定,稳固  9.academic adj.学术的→academy n.专科院校;研究院;学会→academically adv.学术上;理论上  10.aggression n.侵略→aggressive adj.侵略的;好斗的→aggressively adv.侵略地;有闯劲地  11.associated adj.联合的→associate n.伙伴;同事;合伙人v.联想,联系→association n.协会,社团  12.emerge v.出现→emergence n.兴起→emergency n.紧急情况,突发事件  13.invader n.侵略者,侵略军→invade v.侵略,侵袭  14.dedication n.奉献→dedicate v.献身于,致力于 →dedicated adj.献身的;专心致志的  15.representative n.代表→representv.代表;象征  重点单词用法精萃 1.objective n.目的,目标 adj.客观的;无偏见的;真实的;宾格的 object v.反对;不赞成 n.目标,目的;物体 object to sb./sth.反对;不赞成…… object to (sb.’s) doing sth.反对(某人)做某事 objection n.不赞成;反对;异议 have/raise/make an objection to/against (doing) sth.对(做)某事表示反对 用法点拨: object作及物动词时,后只能接that从句作宾语;若接名词或代词作宾语需要后跟介词to。用作及物动词后接that从句时,其后从句所表示的内容不是反对的内容,而是反对的理由。如:I wanted to climb the hill,but he objected that he was too tired.我想要去爬山,但是他却以太累为由表示反对。 2.commander n.指挥官,长官 command v.命令;博得;拥有;指挥 n.命令;掌握;运用能力 command sb.to do sth.命令某人做某事 command that...(should) do...命令…… at one’s command听某人支配 take command of指挥;控制;掌管 in command of掌管;掌握 have a good command of掌握……;精通…… 3.representative n.代表;代理人 adj.典型的;有代表性的 represent v.代表;象征;表示;描绘;声称 represent sb./sth.as/to be...宣称某人为……;把某事叙述为…… represent sth.to sb.向某人说明(传达)某事 stand for代表;象征 on behalf of sb.(=on one’s behalf)为了某人;代表某人 4.put down镇压;平定;记下;记载;放下 put out熄灭,扑灭;关掉灯;出版;拿出, put aside把……放在一边;撇开;储蓄 put away把……收起,放好;储存;抛弃 put forward提出;将……提前;把时针等向前拨 put up张贴;举起;抬起;建造;留宿 put up with忍受;容忍;经受 5.keep to遵守;履行;不偏离 keep it up保持优秀成绩;继续干下去 keep up with跟上;不落后 keep back忍住;隐瞒 keep off使……不接近;防止……靠近;让开 keep up保持;坚持;维持;沿袭风俗、传统等 keep away from避免接近;远离;勿靠近 6.hold down压制;限制 hold back阻挡;抵制;克制;控制;退缩 hold out 食物等维持;伸出;坚持 hold off推迟,延迟;使疏远或避开 hold up举起;支撑;耽搁;抢劫 hold on 打电话时用语请等一下,不要挂断;坚持住,挺住 hold on to抓住;坚持,不放弃 7. no wonder...=It’s no wonder...难怪……;……不足为奇 wonder n.奇迹;惊愕 work/do wonders创造奇迹 in wonder惊讶地 It’s a wonder that...令人惊讶的是…… wonder v.怀疑;想知道;惊奇 wonder at/about...对……感到惊讶 wonderful adj.奇妙的;极好的;意想不到的 必背短语 1.make up of...组成  2.free...from...从……中解放……,……从……中获得自由  3.have confidence in对……有信心  4.prepare for为……做准备  5.make it幸免于难,渡过难关;获得成功  6.meet up with与……见面/会面  7.on standby待命  8.lay the foundation for为……打下基础   9.at war处于交战状态  10.break through突破, 冲破  11.set the date for确定……的日期 12.nothing less than简直是;极其;不亚于 13.in between介于……之间 14.refer to...as...称……为…… 15.be packed like sardines拥挤不堪 16.dire shortages of...……严重短缺 17.shirk one's duty逃避某人的责任 18.a sense of commitment奉献精神;责任感 19.track down跟踪找到,追查到 20.turn sorrow into anger化悲痛为愤怒 重点句型 1.代号为“霸王行动”,它是历史上最大的海、空、陆联合行动,目的是使欧洲西北部摆脱德国的占领。 Code-named “Operation Overlord”, it was the largest combined sea, air and land operation in history,the aim being to free north-west Europe from German occupation.  2.随着这些话在他们耳边回响,盟军士兵们为将被称作诺曼底登陆日的那天做准备。 With these words ringing in their ears, Allied soldiers prepared for what would become known as D-Day.  3.詹姆斯·瑞恩是他家第四个要被派去参加第二次世界大战的儿子。 James Ryan is the fourth son in his family to be sent to fight in the Second World War.  4.难怪许多(如果不是大多数的话)中国顶尖的学者和科学家在联大涌现,包括两位诺贝尔物理学奖获得者杨振宁和李政道。 It is no wonder that many, if not most, of China's leading scholars and scientists emerged at Lianda, including the two Nobel Prize-winning physicists, Yang Zhenning and Li Zhengdao.  5.但它已经成为中国现代大学的最高荣誉,不但因为它有杰出的教授和有才华的学生,而且因为这所学校有不屈不挠和奉献的顽强精神。 But it has become the crowning glory of China's modern universities,not only because of its prominent professors and talented students,but also because of the school's strong spirit of perseverance and dedication.   语法精讲 主谓一致 主谓一致是指句子的谓语动词与其主语在“人称”和“数”上保持一致。 [归纳用法] 1.集体名词作主语时的主谓一致 (1)集体名词作主语,如果表示一个整体概念时,谓语动词就用单数形式;如果强调组成集体的个体成员时,谓语动词就用复数形式。常见的这类名词有family,class,team,group,enemy,army,audience, band, club,crowd,staff,committee,company, crew, government, public等。 The family has settled in Canada.这家人已定居加拿大。 My family are having lunch now.我们一家人现在正吃午饭。 (2)个别集体名词,如people,police,cattle等作主语,谓语动词必须用复数形式。 The police are investigating the case.警方正在调查这个案件。 2.单数名词作主语,后面紧跟as well as,rather than, but,except,besides,with,along with,together with,like,including,in addition to,combined with等时,谓语动词用单数形式。 The teacher as well as the students is ready to help others.不仅学生们乐于助人,老师也乐于助人。 3.单复数同形的名词作主语时的主谓一致 单复数同形的名词作主语时,根据其意义是单数概念还是复数概念来判断谓语用单数还是用复数。如means方式,方法,sheep羊,deer鹿,works工厂等。 Every means has been tried many times.每一种办法都已经试过多次了。 4.单数概念的复数形式名词作主语时的主谓一致 单数概念的复数形式名词(如学科、机构、书名、剧名、国名等)作主语,谓语通常用单数形式。如physics 物理,mathematics/maths 数学,economics 经济学,politics政治学,gymnastics体操,the United States 美国,the United Nations联合国,A Dream in Red Mansions(The Story of the Stone) 《红楼梦》,Anderson's Fairy Tales 《安徒生童话集》 等。 As we know,physics is a fundamental subject in science.我们知道物理是自然科学中的一门基础学科。 Mathematics is a required course for middle school students.数学是中学生的一门必修课。 5.“两部分” 概念的物体名词作主语时的主谓一致 由两部分组成的物体名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数。但是如果这些词由单位词(a pair of,a kind of, a suit of,a piece of 等)修饰时,单位词的单复数决定谓语动词的单复数。这类名词如chopsticks, compasses,glasses, gloves,jeans,pants,scissors,shoes,shorts,socks,trousers等。 My trousers are white.我的裤子是白色的。 Why are your shoes so dirty?为什么你的鞋子那么脏? 6.名词短语(距离、时间、长度、金额等)作主语时的主谓一致 当名词短语的中心词为表示距离、时间、长度、金额等的复数名词时,往往把这些复数名词看作一个整体,谓语动词用单数形式。这类复数名词有miles,dollars,pounds,kilograms,kilometres,centimeters, millimeters,seconds,hours,years等。 Five dollars seems a fair price.五美元看起来是一个公道的价格。 7.more(...)than one.../many a...结构作主语时的主谓一致 “more than one/many a...+单数名词”作主语时,谓语用单数;“more+复数名词+than one” 作主语时,谓语用复数。 More than one white rose has bloomed in the garden.花园里开了不止一朵白玫瑰。 8.“分数/百分数+of+名词”构成的短语作主语时的主谓一致 “分数/百分数+of+名词” 构成的短语作主语时,谓语动词的单复数取决于of后的名词的数。 Two thirds of the students support the plan.三分之二的学生支持这项计划。 单元写作 介绍一位英雄人物 描写一位英雄人物属于记叙文的范畴,它以写人、记事为主,以叙述和描写为主要表达方式。一篇好的人物描写一般分为三大部分,即生平介绍、事迹叙述和简短的评论。时态的选择要视情况而定,若写人物的过去就用过去时态,若写人物的现在就用现在时态。 [基本框架] 1.首段:生平介绍 人物的出生时间和地点是必不可少的信息;介绍生平时要尊重客观事实,材料要真实。 2.中段:事迹叙述 选材要着眼于人物的生活背景及其成就事迹,以形成对比,起到突出人物的特点和树立榜样的作用。选材要有重点,不必面面俱到。 3.尾段:简短的评论 对所描述的人物的评论要客观公正。 [常用词块] 1.at the age of four 4岁时 2.a boy of sixteen一个16岁的男孩 3.make friends with her和她交朋友 4.be ready to help others乐于助人 5.a lively and smart girl一个活泼聪明的女孩 6.be warm­hearted and good­looking热心肠而且漂亮/俊朗 7.learn from each other and help each other相互帮助相互学习 8.be highly praised by the teachers and students得到老师和同学的高度称赞 9.join the Eighth Route Army参加八路军 10.be born in a poor peasant family出生于一个贫苦的农民家庭 [常用语句] 1.介绍人物的姓名、出身及外貌特征 ①He has fair hair and blue eyes.他有金色的头发和蓝色的眼睛。 ②Abraham Lincoln,the son of a poor family,was born in Kentucky on February 12,1809. 亚伯拉罕·林肯,一个贫苦家庭的儿子,于1809年2月12日生于肯塔基州。 ③She is an ordinary­looking girl,but her kindness and consideration impress me most. 她是一个普普通通的女孩,但她的善良和体贴使我印象深刻。 ④He is a good­looking,kind­hearted man.他是一个相貌俊朗,心地善良的男子。 2.介绍人物的成就或取得的成绩 ①She won first prize in the Chinese Poetry Contest at the age of ten.她10岁就获得了《中国诗词比赛》一等奖。 ②He spent 28 years on the ocean journeys and went to more than thirty countries.As a result,China's economy developed faster. 他花了28年在海上航行,到达30多个国家。结果,中国的经济发展得更快了。 ③He/She is good at spoken English and even better at using computers. 他/她擅长英语口语,更擅长使用电脑。 3.介绍人物的影响及人们对此人的评价 ①We regard him as our model.我们把他作为我们的榜样。 ②The people had come to love him as an inspiring leader.人们把他作为一个鼓舞人心的领袖而开始热爱他。 ③Lei Feng has been praised for his communist spirit.雷锋因他的共产主义精神而受到称赞。 例文 保定市残疾青年医生宁学雷,凭着其过人的医术和高尚的医德为乡邻所敬重。请你根据下列有关提示用英语写一篇报道,简要介绍身残志坚的好医生宁学雷。 1.宁学雷出生在河北保定市,1岁时患上了小儿麻痹症,导致下身瘫痪,疾病的磨难激发了他学医救人的志向; 2.经过多年的刻苦学习,他最终实现了梦想,考入了一所医学院; 3.大学毕业后,他开了一家诊所,边行医边学习,不断提高自己的医术; 4.他医德高尚,不计报酬,始终把治病救人放在首位,因此赢得了人们的尊重。 注意:1.词数80左右;2.短文要求包含所有要点,但不必逐条翻译; 3.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。 参考词汇:小儿麻痹症poliomyelitis Ning Xuelei,born in Baoding, Hebei Province,suffered from poliomyelitis at the age of one and never regained the use of his legs.The hardship and sufferings never defeated him but inspired him to study medicine to save people's lives in the future. Having studied hard for many years,he finally realized his dream and was admitted to a medical college.After graduating,he started a clinic and began to give medical treatments to people.In the meanwhile,he tries his best to improve his medical skills by learning from other experienced doctors. Ning Xuelei is a noble doctor without expecting rewards from his patients.In addition,as a doctor,he puts “curing the sickness to save the patient”first,thus winning wide respect from others. $

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专题02 选择性必修第三册Units 1~3 单词短语句型语法(期中复习知识清单)高二英语下学期外研版
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专题02 选择性必修第三册Units 1~3 单词短语句型语法(期中复习知识清单)高二英语下学期外研版
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专题02 选择性必修第三册Units 1~3 单词短语句型语法(期中复习知识清单)高二英语下学期外研版
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