2026年中考英语语法之直接引语与间接引语课件

初中英语语法 直接引语与间接引语 直接引语 Mary said, “I love reading books.” 直接引述别人的原话,放在引号内,叫作直接引语,被 引用的话是原话,不做任何改动。 引述动词常用say(说)、ask(问)、shout(喊)、cry(喊)、add(补充道)、order(命令道)、smile(微笑道)等。 定义与特点 间接引语 Mary said that she loved reading books. 用自己的话转述别人的话,叫作间接引语,引述动词和被转述的话语之间不用标点符号,有时态、人称、时间、地点等的变化。 引述动词常用 say(说)、tell(告诉)、ask(问)、shout(喊)、cry(喊)、add(补充道)、order(命令道)等。 1 人称的变化 (1)“一随主”原则 直接引语中的第一人称代词(I/we)在变为间接引语时,须与引述动词的主语在人称和数上保持一致。 直接引语:“I am walking to school, ” she said. 间接引语:She said that she was walking to school. 两者的转换 引述动词的主语 (2)“二随宾”原则 直接引语中的第二人称代词(you)变为间接引语时, 须与引述动词的宾语在人称和数上保持一致。 直接引语:My teacher told me, “You should be on time next time.” 间接引语:My teacher told me that I should be on time next time. 引述动词的宾语 (3)“第三人称不变化”原则 直接引语中的第三人称代词(he/she/it/they)在变为间接引语时不发生变化。 直接引语:A few people said, “They love the cake.” 间接引语:A few people said that they loved the cake. 2 时态的变化 (1)时态变化的情况 直接引语变为间接引语时,如果引述动词用了过去的某种时态,则间接引语的时态应相应向前推一个时态。 直接引语时态 间接引语时态 示例 一般现在时 一般过去时 “I like pizza,” he said. He said he liked pizza. 现在进行时 过去进行时 “I am reading,” she said. She said she was reading. 直接引语时态 间接引语时态 示例 现在完成时 过去完成时 “I have finished,” he said. He said he had finished. 一般过去时 过去完成时 “I saw the movie,” she said. She said she had seen the movie. 一般将来时 过去将来时 “I will come,” he said. He said he would come. (2)时态不变化的情况 直接引语是客观真理、自然现象或名言警句。 My teacher told us, “Light travels faster than sound.” My teacher told us that light travels faster than sound. 我的老师告诉我们光比声音传播得快。 所转述的动作或状态说话时仍在继续,并对此加以强调。 She said, “My best friend Jane is kind and friendly.” She said that her best friend Jane is kind and friendly. 她说她最好的朋友简善良且友好。 指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和方向性动词的变化 3 变化类别 直接引语 间接引语 指示代词 this/ these that/ those 时间状语 now then today that day tonight that night two days ago two days before tomorrow the next/ following day next week the next/ following week 地点状语 here there 方向性动词 come go bring take Helen told me, “I’ll bring this camera to the party.” Helen told me that she would take that camera to the party. 方向性动词的变化 指示代词的变化 My pen pal said, “I will pay a visit to your city next week.” My pen pal said that he would pay a visit to my city the next/following week. 时间状语的变化 The girl said, “The weather here is cold.” The girl said the weather there was cold. 地点状语的变化 注意:在说话者的当时当地转述时,指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和方向性动词等不变。 4 句式的变化 (1)直接引语是陈述句 直接引语是陈述句时,间接引语变为由that引导的宾语从句,that可以省略。主句中的引述动词常用say(说)、tell(告诉)、repeat(重复)、answer(回答)、reply(回复)、explain(解释)、think(认为)、suggest(建议)等。 例如: “I’d like to watch the football match,” he said. He said (that) he’d like to watch the football match. 他说他想看足球赛。 (2) 直接引语是疑问句 直接引语是疑问句,转换为间接引语时,必须用陈述句语序,句末用句号。主句中的引述动词常用ask(问)、wonder(想知道)、want to know(想知道)、don’t know(不知道)、be not sure(拿不准)等。 直接引语是一般疑问句和反意疑问句时,间接引语变为由whether/if引导的宾语从句。 一般疑问句 “Can I watch one show first?”I asked. I asked whether/if I could watch one show first. 我问我能否先看一个节目。 反意疑问句 My sister asked me,“You are doing your homework,aren’t you?” My sister asked me whether/if I was doing my homework. 我姐姐问我是否正在做家庭作业。 直接引语是选择疑问句时,间接引语变为whether...or...引导的宾语从句。 Mary asked, “Who teaches you English,Miss Li or Miss Wang?” Mary asked whether Miss Li or Miss Wang taught me English. 玛丽问是李老师还是王老师教我英语。 直接引语是特殊疑问句时,间接引语变为由原来的疑问词引导的宾语从句。 “How do they understand each other?” I asked Ms Liu. I asked Ms Liu how they understood each other. 我问刘老师它们是如何相互理解的。 (3) 直接引语是祈使句 直接引语是祈使句,转换为间接引语时,要将祈使句的动词原形变成不定式(肯定变to do,否定变not to do),作宾语补足语。原引述动词say须改为tell(告诉)、ask(让)、order(命令)、advise(建议)、warn(警告)等。 He said to me, “Don’t break the school rules.” He told me not to break the school rules. 他告诉我不要违反学校规定。 (4) 直接引语是感叹句 直接引语是感叹句时,间接引语变为由what或how引导的宾语从句,也可变为由that引导的宾语从句。 He said, “How fast the boy runs!” He exclaimed how fast the boy ran. 他感叹那男孩跑得很快。 She said, “What a beautiful day it is!” She said that it was a very beautiful day. 她说那是一个非常美丽的日子。 “Don’t play football in the street,” the policeman said to the boys. 改为:The policeman told the boys _ football in the street. A. don’t play B. to not play C. not to play 练一练 又 “I like playing basketball,” Tom said. 改为:Tom said that _ playing basketball. A. he likes B. he liked C. I like 练一练 又 “Are you going to the library?” Lucy asked me. 改为:Lucy asked me _ going to the library. A. if I was B. was I C. that I was 练一练 又 “You should finish your homework first,” Mom told me. 改为:Mom told me that _ finish _ homework first. A. I should; my B. you should; your C. I should; your 练一练 又 将下列直接引语改为间接引语。 Lucy said, “I am reading a very interesting book.” Lucy said that _ _ she was reading a very interesting book. 人称变化(I she) 时态变化(am reading was reading) 练一练 又 句型转换。 “Are you going to visit the museum tomorrow?” she asked me. She asked me _ going to visit the museum _. whether/if I was the next day 练一练 又 句型转换。 “When will the train arrive?” the passenger asked. The passenger asked _ _. when the train would arrive 练一练 又 将下列直接引语改为间接引语。 The teacher said, “The earth goes around the sun.” The teacher said that _ _ the earth goes 注意:客观真理时态不变 around the sun. 练一练 又 句型转换。 “Are you going to reply to his letter by phone or by email?” Mom asked me. Mom asked me _ I _ going to reply to his letter by phone _ by email. whether was or 练一练 又 将下列直接引语改为间接引语。 “I will bring these photos to you tomorrow,” Peter told me. Peter told me that _ _ he would bring those photos 人称变化(I he) 时态变化(will would) 指示代词(these those) 时间状语(tomorrow the next day) bring在转述中保留,视语境可不变;若转述语境与原对话地点不同,bring 可改为 take。 to me the next day. 练一练 又 $