第18章 阅读理解-【高考零起点】2026年新高考英语总复习教用课件(艺考)
2026-03-31
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教辅
摘要:
该高中英语高考复习课件聚焦阅读理解专题,依据高考评价体系梳理主旨大意、细节理解、词义猜测、推理判断四大考查题型,通过近五年全国卷真题分析明确细节理解题占比最高(约40%),构建“题型分类-技巧归纳-真题验证”的备考体系,对接语言能力与思维品质的考查要求。
课件亮点在于“真题精讲+技巧建模+素养提升”,如以2024新高考Ⅰ卷“栖息地恢复小组”应用文为例,用定位法解析细节题培养语言能力,通过2023全国甲卷“曼谷餐厅”说明文训练推理判断题的逻辑分析提升思维品质,设“易错陷阱警示”和“答题模板”,助力学生掌握得分技巧,教师可据此实施精准教学,高效备战高考。
内容正文:
第十八章 阅读理解
生物
1
可以说,阅读理解是最重要的英语应用,新高考中,它占分37.5分,共4道大题,15个小题,每小题2.5分。由于分数占比非常高,它的得分情况很大程度上决定了整体的得分水平。
阅读理解的得分率究竟如何来提高呢?
有些同学通常先通读文章,再去做题。这种做法有很大的局限性,因为有很多文章的出题人是不会让考生全部都读得懂的,所以,沿着这条路走下去,很容易中出题人的圈套,结果自然就是导致成绩不理想。
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其实,做阅读理解,最重要的方法是根据题目去揣摩文意。题目中的选项虽然不属于正文,却包含着理解文意所需的丰富信息,把这些信息与考生一知半解的文意相结合,文章真正要表达的意思就会在考生头脑中清晰化起来,为做题打下一个良好的基础。
在阅读理解的4道大题中,第1道大题通常是广告应用文,是最简单的,只有3个小题,只需将这3个小题的选项拿到文章中去比照,答案就很容易选出来。这种应用文生僻的人名、地名很多,即使考生词汇量再大也会译不出来,但若掌握技巧,则可知它们对做题没有什么影响。
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当然,巧妇难为无米之炊,词汇量仍然是考生在阅读理解中拿高分的先决条件,若词汇量太少,却想在阅读理解中拿高分,无异于汉字不识几个,却想在语文阅读中拿高分,结果可想而知了。
阅读理解的文章包罗万象,对于题目的设置,却不外乎以下几种类型。考生在做题的时候,要养成给这些题分类的习惯,并配以一定数量的练习,掌握每种题型的应对技巧。
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1. 主旨大意题
阅读理解首先要做到的就是掌握所读材料的主旨和大意,它是全文的概括与总结。能否抓住这个中心,取决于考生的总结能力。常见题型如下。
(1)主题型:
What’s the main idea of this passage?
What does this passage mainly discuss?
What’s the topic of this passage?
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(2)标题型:
What’s the best title?
The best title for this text is .
(3)目的型:
The main purpose of this text is .
The author’s purpose of writing this text is to .
What’s the main purpose of the passage?
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【应对技巧】
(1)抓住主题句。它们一般位于文章的开头或结尾。同时,也可以对贯穿各段的中心句进行总结。
(2)务必忠于原文,切忌将自己的观点强加于作者。
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2. 细节理解题
顾名思义,细节题即指针对文章的某个细节而设置的题,这是在阅读理解中极易出错的一种题型。在细节题中,出题人很少把文章中的原句照搬到选项中,而是对原句进行细小的加工,在加工的过程中采取“以偏概全”“夸大事实”“偷换概念”等手段来迷惑考生。
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【应对技巧】
常用的方法就是定位法。根据题干或选项中的线索词,从原文中找到相关的句子,与选项进行比对。比对的时候要非常小心,要特别留意出题人在对原句加工时有没有“以偏概全”,有没有“夸大事实”,有没有“偷换概念”。一旦出现,就要把该选项排除掉。
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3. 词义猜测题
一个考生,无论词汇量多大,都会在阅读理解中遇到生词。所以,对生词词义的猜测成为阅读理解的常见题型。
【应对技巧】
紧扣生词所在的上下文,根据上下文的意思对词义做出正确的猜测。
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4. 推理判断题
要求考生在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上,做出一定的判断和推理,从而得出文章的隐含意义和深层意义。题干中往往含有一些标志性词语,如learn,infer,suggest,conclude等。它属于主观性极强的高层次阅读理解题。
【应对技巧】
严格依据作者所陈述的细节、事实及作者的措辞、态度和语气,找出能够表露作者思想倾向和感情色彩的词语,然后利用自己获得的相关知识进行推理判断。在判断时,要忠于原文、有理有据,不凭空臆断,不要把自己的想法强加于作者,这样才能得出符合逻辑的结论。
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第一篇(2025全国Ⅰ卷)
A
The greening of planes,trains
and automobiles
Moving goods and people around the world is
responsible for a large part of global CO2 emissions
(排放). As the world races to decarbonize everything,it faces particular problems with transportation—which accounts for about a quarter of our energy-related greenhouse gas emissions. Here’s the breakdown of the emissions in 2018 for different modes of transport.
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The fuels for transport need to be not just green,cheap and powerful,but also lightweight and safe enough to be carried around. Each mode of transport has its specific fuel needs. Much is still to be settled,but here are some of the solutions to get us going green.
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This energy transition (变革) is global,and the amount of renewable energy the world will need is “a little bit mind-blowing,” says mechanical engineer Keith Wipke at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. It’s estimated that the global demand for electricity could more than double by 2050. Fortunately,analyses suggest that renewables are up to the task. “We need to speed up the development of green energy,and it will all get used,” says Wipke.
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【解析】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了2018年不同运输方式的碳排放占比,以及飞机、汽车等各类交通工具的未来绿色燃料的解决方案。
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21. What percentage of global transport emissions did road vehicles account for in 2018?
A. 11.6%. B. 45.1%.
C. 74.5%. D. 86.1%.
解析
答案
细节理解题。根据图表信息ROAD VEHICLES部分中“ROAD (PASSENGER) 45.1% [道路(客运) 45.1%]”以及“ROAD (GOODS) 29.4%[道路(货运) 29.4%]”可知,道路车辆总占比为45.1%+29.4%=74.5%,即陆运在2018年全球交通排放中占比74.5%。故选C项。
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22. Which mode of transport can go green comparatively easily?
A. Planes. B. Trucks.
C. Trains. D. Ships.
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答案
细节理解题。根据图表信息TRAINS — Electricity部分中“Some trains are already electrified through rails or wires; others can be made electric in pretty simple ways. (有些火车已经通过轨道或电线实现电气化;其他火车可以以非常简单的方式实现电动化)”可知,火车相较其他交通方式更易实现环保化。故选C项。
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23. What does Wipke suggest regarding energy transition?
A. Limiting fuel consumption.
B. Putting more effort into renewables.
C. Improving energy efficiency.
D. Making electricity more affordable.
解析
答案
细节理解题。根据最后一段中“‘We need to speed up the development of green energy and it will all get used,’ says Wipke. (Wipke说:“我们需要加快绿色能源的开发,这些能源都会被利用起来。”)”可知,Wipke建议加大对可再生能源的投入,即加大对绿色能源的投入。故选B项。
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第二篇(2025全国Ⅱ卷)
A
English Market Towns to Visit in the UK
English market towns come in many shapes and sizes. Each has a personality shaped by the goods and services produced and traded for centuries. But each town has more to do than shop.
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Hereford,Herefordshire
Hereford has remained a lively market town since 1189. Skirting the town square,you’ll find lovely shops,eateries,and the Black and White House Museum. The Hereford Cathedral is the most impressive building in town. It’s also home to an ancient library. One of the four original copies of the Magna Carta is displayed there.
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Ludlow,Shropshire
Ludlow is known as the Foodie Center of England. Butcher shops,greengrocers,bakeries,and cheese shops line the town square. Bordering the square,the Ludlow Castle is a “must explore” medieval stronghold. The three-day Ludlow Food Festival is held each September.
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Shrewsbury,Shropshire
Getting to Shrewsbury Town Center from London is challenging but worth the anxiety. The River Severn has a significant turn through town,almost making an island of Shrewsbury Town Center. The shape creates a perfect market where goods could be shipped and received using the river as a highway. Flowers are everywhere—hanging baskets,window boxes,and planters—just what you imagine in an attractive English market town.
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Mevagissey,Cornwall
Even if you haven’t been to the small fishing village Mevagissey,you’ve probably seen it in a movie or British TV show. The working harbor (港口) took shape in 1774. Fishermen go out to sea daily and sell their fish in harbor-side markets. Don’t leave the harbor without a traditional Cornish pie. It’s delicious.
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【解析】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了英国值得一游的四个集镇及其特色和亮点。
解析
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21. Where can you find an original copy of the Magna Carta?
A. In the Ludlow Castle.
B. In the Foodie Center of England.
C. In the Hereford Cathedral.
D. In the Black and White House Museum.
答案
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细节理解题。根据Hereford, Herefordshire部分中“The Hereford Cathedral is the most impressive building in town. It’s also home to an ancient library. One of the four original copies of the Magna Carta is displayed there. (赫里福德大教堂是镇上最令人印象深刻的建筑。它也是一座古老图书馆的所在地。那里展示着《大宪章》的四份原始副本之一。)”可知,在赫里福德大教堂可以找到《大宪章》的原始副本。故选C项。
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22. What is a feature of Shrewsbury Town Center?
A. It’s situated near a big island.
B. It’s almost surrounded by water.
C. It’s known for its flower festival.
D. It’s easily accessible from London.
解析
答案
细节理解题。根据Shrewsbury, Shropshire部分中“The River Severn has a significant turn through town, almost making an island of Shrewsbury Town Center. (塞文河在流经小镇时形成一个明显的转弯,几乎将什鲁斯伯里镇中心围成一个小岛)”可知,什鲁斯伯里镇中心几乎被水包围。故选B项。
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23. What does the author suggest visitors do in Mevagissey?
A. Try the Cornish pie.
B. Watch a British TV show.
C. Go fishing in the sea.
D. Take pictures of the harbor.
解析
答案
细节理解题。根据Mevagissey, Cornwall部分中“Don’t leave the harbor without a traditional Comish pie. It’s delicious. (离开港口前一定要尝尝传统的康沃尔馅饼。它非常美味)”可知,作者建议游客在梅瓦吉西一定要尝尝康沃尔馅饼。故选A项。
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第三篇 (2024新高考Ⅰ卷)
A
HABITAT RESTORATION TEAM
Help restore and protect Marin’s natural
areas from the Marin Headlands to Bolinas
Ridge. We’ll explore beautiful park sites while
conducting invasive (侵入的) plant removal,winter planting,and seed collection. Habitat Restoration Team volunteers play a vital role in restoring sensitive resources and protecting endangered species across the ridges and valleys.
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GROUPS
Groups of five or more require special arrangements and must be confirmed in advance. Please review the List of Available Projects and fill out the Group Project Request Form.
AGE,SKILLS,WHAT TO BRING
Volunteers aged 10 and over are welcome. Read our Youth Policy Guidelines for youth under the age of 15.
Bring your completed Volunteer Agreement Form. Volunteers under the age of 18 must have the parent/guardian approval section signed.
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We’ll be working rain or shine. Wear clothes that can get dirty. Bring layers for changing weather and a raincoat if necessary.
Bring a personal water bottle,sunscreen,and lunch.
No experience necessary. Training and tools will be provided. Fulfills (满足) community service requirements.
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UPCOMING EVENTS
Time Meeting Location
Sunday,Jan. 15 10:00 am—1:00 pm Battery Alexander Trailhead
Sunday,Jan. 22 10:00 am—2:30 pm Stinson Parking Lot Beach
Sunday,Jan. 29 9:30 am—2:30 pm Coyote Ridge Trailhead
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【解析】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了参加保护当地生态系统的栖息地恢复小组的时间地点等相关细节。
解析
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21. What is the aim of the Habitat Restoration Team?
A. To discover mineral resources.
B. To develop new wildlife parks.
C. To protect the local ecosystem.
D. To conduct biological research.
答案
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细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Help restore and protect Marin’s natural areas from the Marin Headlands to Bolinas Ridge. We’ll explore beautiful park sites while conducting invasive (侵入的) plant removal, winter planting, and seed collection. Habitat Restoration Team volunteers play a vital role in restoring sensitive resources and protecting endangered species across the ridges and valleys. (帮助恢复和保护从马林海岬到博利纳斯山脊的马林海的自然区域。我们将探索美丽的公园场地,同时进行入侵植物清除、冬季种植和种子收集。栖息地恢复小组的志愿者在恢复敏感资源和保护山脊和山谷中的濒危物种方面发挥着至关重要的作用)”可知,栖息地恢复小组的目的是保护当地生态系统。故选C。
解析
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22. What is the lower age limit for joining the Habitat Restoration Team?
A. 5. B. 10.
C. 15. D. 18.
解析
答案
细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Volunteers aged 10 and over are welcome. (欢迎10岁及10岁以上的志愿者)”可知,参加栖息地恢复小组的最低年龄限制是10岁。故选B。
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23. What are the volunteers expected to do?
A. Bring their own tools.
B. Work even in bad weather.
C. Wear a team uniform.
D. Do at least three projects.
解析
答案
细节理解题。根据文章第五段“We’ll be working rain or shine. (我们将风雨无阻地工作)”可知,身为志愿者,即使天气不好也要工作。故选B。
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第四篇 (2024新高考Ⅱ卷)
A
Choice of Walks for Beginner and
Experienced Walkers
The Carlow Autumn Walking Festival is a great opportunity for the beginner,experienced or advanced walker to enjoy the challenges of Carlow’s mountain hikes or the peace of its woodland walks.
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Walk 1—The Natural World
With environmentalist Éanna Lamhna as the guide,this walk promises to be an informative tour. Walkers are sure to learn lots about the habitats and natural world of the Blackstairs.
Date and Time: Saturday,1st October,at 09:00
Start Point: Scratoes Bridge
Walk Duration: 6 hours
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Walk 2—Introduction to Hillwalking
Emmanuel Chappard,an experienced guide,has a passion for making the great outdoors accessible to all. This mountain walk provides an insight into the skills required for hillwalking to ensure you get the most from future walking trips.
Date and Time: Sunday,2nd October,at 09:00
Start Point: Deerpark Car Park
Walk Duration: 5 hours
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Walk 3—Moonlight Under the Stars
Walking at night-time is a great way to step out of your comfort zone. Breathtaking views of the lowlands of Carlow can be enjoyed in the presence of welcoming guides from local walking clubs. A torch (手电筒) along with suitable clothing is essential for walking in the dark. Those who are dressed inappropriately will be refused permission to participate.
Date and Time: Saturday,1st October,at 18:30
Start Point: The Town Hall
Walk Duration: 3 hours
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Walk 4—Photographic Walk in Kilbrannish Forest
This informative walk led by Richard Smyth introduces you to the basic principles of photography in the wild. Bring along your camera and enjoy the wonderful views along this well-surfaced forest path.
Date and Time: Sunday,2nd October,at 11:45
Start Point: Kilbrannish Forest Recreation Area
Walk Duration: 1.5 hours
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【解析】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了参加卡洛秋季徒步节的几种步行方案,及其日期、起点和步行时间等相关细节。
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21. Which walk takes the shortest time?
A. The Natural World.
B. Introduction to Hillwalking.
C. Moonlight Under the Stars.
D. Photographic Walk in Kilbrannish Forest.
解析
答案
细节理解题。通读全文,根据文章所给出的四种方案中的“Walk Duration (步行时间)”部分比较可知,“Walk 4—Photographic Walk in Kilbrannish Forest (步行4——基尔布兰尼什森林摄影步行)”的步行时间是1.5小时,用时最短。故选D。
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22. What are participants in Walk 3 required to do?
A. Wear proper clothes.
B. Join a walking club.
C. Get special permits.
D. Bring a survival guide.
解析
答案
细节理解题。根据文章“Walk 3—Moonlight Under the Stars (步行3——星光下的月光)”部分中的“Those who are dressed inappropriately will be refused permission to participate.(穿着不当的人将被拒绝参加)”可知,第三种步行方案的参与者需要穿合适的衣服。故选A。
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23. What do the four walks have in common?
A. They involve difficult climbing.
B. They are for experienced walkers.
C. They share the same start point.
D. They are scheduled for the weekend.
解析
答案
细节理解题。根据四种步行方案中的“Date and Time (日期和时间)”部分比较可知,这四种方案都被安排在周末。故选D。
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第五篇 (2024全国甲卷)
A
Each ARTS FIRST festival is a unique annual
celebration of the Harvard community’s artistic
creativity. We invite you to join us for the coming
ARTS FIRST. We look forward to welcoming you
as we showcase the creativity of the Harvard arts community through performances,art exhibitions and art-making activities. The festival is a public event for Harvard and community members of all ages.
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Light Awash in Watercolor
Learn about the materials and qualities of watercolor paint with experts from the Harvard Art Museums Materials Lab. Try your hand at some of the painting tricks used by artists whose works will be in the upcoming exhibition of American Watercolors,1880—1990: Into the Light.
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Spineless Artists: Invertebrate Creativity
From webs to cocoons,invertebrates (无脊椎动物) create some of nature’s most delicate and beautiful designs. Join Javier Marin from the Harvard Museum of Natural History to learn how insects and other invertebrates dance,inspire fashion and create art,while making your own spineless artists out of craft (手工艺) materials.
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Wheel Throwing
Join instructors from the Ceramics Program and great potters from Quincy,Cabot and Mather Houses for demonstrations using the potter’s wheel. Then create your own masterpiece!
Knitting and Pom-Pom Making
Join the Harvard Undergraduate Knitting Circle to make pom-poms and tassels out of thread,or pick up a pair of needles and learn to knit (编织).
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【解析】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了ARTS FIRST艺术节的相关艺术展览和艺术制作活动,并且邀请热爱的学生或社区成员加入。
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21. What do we know about ARTS FIRST?
A. It is an exhibition of oil paintings.
B. It offers art courses for all ages.
C. It presents recreational activities.
D. It is a major tourist attraction.
答案
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推理判断题。根据文章第一段的“We look forward to welcoming you as we showcase the creativity of the Harvard arts community through performances, art exhibitions and art-making activities.(我们期待着您的到来,我们将通过表演、艺术展览和艺术创作活动来展示哈佛艺术界的创造力)”以及下文的四个小标题“Light Awash in Watercolor (水彩中的淡光)”;“Spineless Artists: Invertebrate Creativity(无脊椎艺术家:无脊椎动物的创造力)”;“Wheel Throwing (投掷轮子)”和“Knitting and Pom-Pom Making (编织和制作毛绒球)”可推知,ARTS FIRST是提供娱乐活动的。故选C。
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22. Which program will you join if you’re interested in drawing pictures?
A. Light Awash in Watercolor.
B. Spineless Artists: Invertebrate Creativity.
C. Wheel Throwing.
D. Knitting and Pom-Pom Making.
答案
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细节理解题。根据文章“Light Awash in Watercolor (水彩中的淡光)”部分中的“Learn about the materials and qualities of watercolor paint with experts from the Harvard Art Museums Materials Lab. Try your hand at some of the painting tricks used by artists whose works will be in the upcoming exhibition of American Watercolors, 1880—1990: Into the Light. (与哈佛艺术博物馆材料实验室的专家一起了解水彩颜料的材料和质量。在即将到来的《1880 — 1990年美国水彩画:进入光》展览中,尝试一下艺术家们使用的一些绘画技巧)”可知,如果对画画感兴趣,可以参加Light Awash in Watercolor。故选A。
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23. What can you do together with Javier Marin?
A. Practice a traditional dance.
B. Make handcrafts.
C. Visit a local museum.
D. Feed invertebrates.
答案
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细节理解题。根据文章“Spineless Artists: Invertebrate Creativity (无脊椎艺术家:无脊椎动物的创造力)”部分中的“Join Javier Marin from the Harvard Museum of Natural History to learn how insects and other invertebrates dance, inspire fashion and create art, while making your own spineless artists out of craft materials. (和哈佛历史博物馆的Javier Marin一起学习昆虫和其他无脊椎动物是如何跳舞、启发时尚和创造艺术的,同时用手工材料制作你自己的无脊椎艺术家)”可知,参与者能跟Javier Marin一起进行手工制作。故选B。
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第六篇(2023新高考Ⅰ卷)
A
Bike Rental & Guided Tours
Welcome to Amsterdam,welcome to MacBike. You see much more from the seat of a bike! Cycling is the most economical,sustainable and fun way to explore the city,with its beautiful canals,parks,squares and countless lights. You can also bike along lovely landscapes outside of Amsterdam.
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Why MacBike
MacBike has been around for almost 30 years and is the biggest bicycle rental company in Amsterdam. With over 2,500 bikes stored in our five rental shops at strategic locations,we make sure there is always a bike available for you. We offer the newest bicycles in a wide variety,including basic bikes with foot brake (刹车),bikes with hand brake and gears (排挡),bikes with child seats,and children’s bikes.
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Prices
Hand Brake,
Three Gears Foot Brake,
No Gears
1 hour £7.50 £5.00
3 hours £11.00 £7.50
1 day (24 hours) £14.75 £9.75
Each additional day £8.00 £6.00
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Guided City Tours
The 2.5-hour tour covers the Gooyer Windmill,the Skinny Bridge,the Rijksmuseum,Heineken Brewery and much more. The tour departs from Dam Square every hour on the hour,starting at 1:00 pm every day. You can buy your ticket in a MacBike shop or book online.
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【解析】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了在阿姆斯特丹进行自行车租赁和雇佣导游的操作方式、价格等细节。
解析
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21. What is an advantage of MacBike?
A. It gives children a discount.
B. It offers many types of bikes.
C. It organizes free cycle tours.
D. It has over 2,500 rental shops.
答案
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推理判断题。根据文章第二段中的“We offer the newest bicycles in a wide variety, including basic bikes with foot brake (刹车), bikes with hand brake and gears (排挡), bikes with child seats, and children’s bikes. (我们提供种类繁多的最新自行车,包括有脚刹的基本自行车、有手刹和带排挡的自行车、带儿童座椅的自行车和儿童自行车)”可推知,MacBike的优势是它提供许多类型的自行车。故选B。
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22. How much do you pay for renting a bike with hand brake and three gears for two days?
A. £15.75. B. £19.50.
C. £22.75. D. £29.50.
解析
答案
细节理解题。根据定价表可知,租一辆带手刹和三档的自行车一天需要14.75欧元,额外增加天数每天8欧元。所以租一辆带手刹和三档的自行车两天需要14.75+8=22.75欧元。故选C。
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23. Where does the guided city tour start?
A. The Gooyer,Windmill.
B. The Skinny Bridge.
C. Heineken Brewery.
D. Dam Square.
解析
答案
细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中的“The tour departs from Dam Square every hour on the hour, starting at 1:00 pm every day. (旅游团每小时从大坝广场出发,每天下午1点开始)”可知,导游城市之旅从大坝广场开始。故选D。
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第七篇(2023新高考Ⅱ卷)
A
Yellowstone National Park offers a variety of ranger programs throughout the park,and throughout the year. The following are descriptions of the ranger programs this summer.
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Experiencing Wildlife in Yellowstone(May 26 to September 2)
Whether you’re hiking a backcountry trail (小径),camping,or just enjoying the park’s amazing wildlife from the road,this quick workshop is for you and your family. Learn where to look for animals and how to safely enjoy your wildlife watching experience. Meet at the Canyon Village Store.
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Junior Ranger Wildlife Olympics(June 5 to August 21)
Kids can test their skills and compare their abilities to the animals of Yellowstone. Stay for as little or as long as your plans allow. Meet in front of the Visitor Education Center.
Canyon Talks at Artist Point(June 9 to September 2)
From a classic viewpoint,enjoy Lower Falls,the Yellowstone River,and the breathtaking colors of the canyon (峡谷) while learning about the area’s natural and human history. Discover why artists and photographers continue to be drawn to this special place. Meet on the lower platform at Artist Point on the South Rim Drive for this short talk.
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Photography Workshops(June 19 & July 10)
Enhance your photography skills—join Yellowstone’s park photographer for a hands-on program to inspire new and creative ways of enjoying the beauty and wonder of Yellowstone.
6/19—Waterfalls & Wide Angles: meet at Artist Point.
7/10—Wildflowers & White Balance: meet at Washburn Trailhead in Chittenden parking area.
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【解析】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了黄石国家公园提供的四个护林员项目。
解析
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21. Which of the four programs begins the earliest?
A. Photography Workshops.
B. Junior Ranger Wildlife Olympics.
C. Canyon Talks at Artist Point.
D. Experiencing Wildlife in Yellowstone.
答案
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细节理解题。根据每个项目后的时间“Experiencing Wildlife in Yellowstone (May 26 to September 2) [在黄石体验野生动物(5月26日至9月2日)]”和“Junior Ranger Wildlife Olympics (June 5 to August 21) [少年游骑兵野生动物奥林匹克运动会(6月5日至8月21日)]”与“Canyon Talks at Artist Point (June 9 to September 2) [在Artist Point的峡谷会谈(6月9日至9月2日)]”以及“Photography Workshops (June 19 & July 10) [摄影研讨会(6月19日和7月10日)]”可知,四个项目中在黄石体验野生动物开始的时间最早。故选D。
解析
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22. What is the short talk at Artist Point about?
A. Works of famous artists.
B. Protection of wild animals.
C. Basic photography skills.
D. History of the canyon area.
答案
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细节理解题。根据文章“Canyon Talks at Artist Point (June 9 to September 2) [在Artist Point的峡谷会谈(6月9日至9月2日)]部分中的“From a classic viewpoint, enjoy Lower Falls, the Yellowstone River, and the breathtaking colors of the canyon (峡谷) while learning about the area’s natural and human history. (从一个经典的视角,欣赏瀑布、黄石河和峡谷的壮丽色彩,同时了解该地区的自然和人类历史)”可知,在Artist Point的简短演讲主题是关于峡谷地区的历史的。故选D。
解析
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23. Where will the participants meet for the July 10 photography workshop?
A. Artist Point.
B. Washburn Trailhead.
C. Canyon Village Store.
D. Visitor Education Center.
答案
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77
细节理解题。根据文章“Photography Workshops (June 19 & July 10) [摄影研讨会(6月19日和7月10日)]”部分中的“7/10 — Wildflowers &White Balance: meet at Washburn Trailhead in Chittenden parking area. (7/10——Wildflowers &White Balance:在奇滕登停车场的Washburn Trailhead举行)”可知,7月10日的摄影研讨会将在Washburn Trailhead举行。故选B。
解析
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78
第八篇(2023全国甲卷)
A
Where to Eat in Bangkok
Bangkok is a highly desirable destination for food lovers. It has a seemingly bottomless well of dining options. Here are some suggestions on where to start your Bangkok eating adventure.
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79
Nahm
Offering Thai fine dining. Nahm provides the best of Bangkok culinary (烹饪的) experiences. It’s the only Thai restaurant that ranks among the top 10 of the world’s 50 best restaurants list. Head Chef David Thompson,who received a Michelin star for his Londonbased Thai restaurant of the same name,opened this branch in the Metropolitan Hotel in 2010.
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Issaya Siamese Club
Issaya Siamese Club is internationally known Thai chef Ian Kittichai’s first flagship Bangkok restaurant. The menu in this beautiful colonial house includes traditional Thai cuisine combined with modern cooking methods.
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Bo.lan
Bo.lan has been making waves in Bangkok’s culinary scene since it opened in 2009. Serving hard-to-find Thai dishes in an elegant atmosphere,the restaurant is true to Thai cuisine’s roots,yet still manages to add a special twist. This place is good for a candle-lit dinner or a work meeting with colleagues who appreciate fine food. For those extremely hungry,there’s a large set menu.
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Gaggan
Earning first place on the latest “Asia’s 50 best restaurants” list,progressive Indian restaurant Gaggan is one of the most exciting venues (场所) to arrive in Bangkok in recent years. The best table in this two-story colonial Thai home offers a window right into the kitchen,where you can see chef Gaggan and his staff in action. Culinary theater at its best.
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一星文章
【解析】本文是一篇应用文。介绍了曼古的四家优质餐厅。
解析
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一星文章
84
21. What do Nahm and Issaya Siamese Club have in common?
A. They adopt modern cooking methods.
B. They have branches in London.
C. They have top-class chefs.
D. They are based in hotels.
答案
√
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一星文章
85
细节理解题。根据小标题Nahm下的段落中的“Head Chef David Thompson, who received a Michelin star for his Londonbased Thai restaurant of the same name, opened this branch in the Metropolitan Hotel in 2010. (主厨David Thompson在伦敦的同名泰国餐厅获得了米其林一星,他于2010年在大都会酒店开设了这家分店)”以及小标题Issays Stamese Club下的段落中的“Issaya Siamese Club is internationally known Thai chef Ian Kittichai’s first flagship Bangkok restaurant. (Issaya Siamese Club是国际知名的泰国厨师Ian Kittichai的第一家曼谷旗舰餐厅)”可知,Nahm和Issaya Siamese Club的共同之处是他们都有一流的厨师。故选C。
解析
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一星文章
86
22. Which restaurant offers a large set menu?
A. Gaggan. B. Bo.lan.
C. Issaya Siamese Club. D. Nahm.
解析
答案
细节理解题。根据小标题Bo.lan下的段落中的“For those extremely hungry, there’s a large set menu. (对于那些极度饥饿的人来说,这里有一份很大的套餐)”可知,Bo.lan提供大型套餐。故选B。
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一星文章
87
23. What is special about Gaggan?
A. It hires staff from India.
B. It puts on a play every day.
C. It serves hardtofind local dishes.
D. It shows the cooking process to guests.
答案
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一星文章
88
细节理解题。根据小标题Gaggan下的段落中的“The best table in this two-story colonial Thai home offers a window right into the kitchen, where you can see chef Gaggan and his staff in action. (在这座两层殖民时期的泰国住宅中,最好的桌子有一扇通往厨房的窗户,在那里你可以看到Gaggan厨师和他的员工在工作)”可知,Gaggan的特别之处是它向客人展示了烹饪过程。故选D。
解析
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一星文章
89
第九篇(2023全国乙卷)
A
PRACTITIONERS
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90
Jacqueline Felice de Almania
(c. 1322) highlights the suspicion that women practicing medicine faced. Born to a Jewish family in Florence,she moved to Paris where she worked as a physician and performed surgery. In 1322 she was tried for practicing unlawfully. In spite of the court hearing testimonials (证明) of her ability as a doctor,she was banned from medicine. James Barry(c. 1789—1865) was born Margaret Bulkley in Ireland but,dressed as a man,she was accepted by Edinburgh University to study medicine. She qualified as a surgeon in 1813,then joined the British Army,serving overseas. Barry retired in 1859,having practiced her entire medical profession living and working as a man.
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一星文章
Tan Yunxian(1461—1554) was a Chinese physician who learned her skills from her grandparents. Chinese women at the time could not serve apprenticeships (学徒期) with doctors. However,Tan passed the official exam. Tan treated women from all walks of life. In 1511,Tan wrote a book,Sayings of a Female Doctor,describing her life as a physician. Rebecca Lee Crumpler(1831—1895) worked as a nurse for eight years before studying in medical college in Boston in 1860. Four years later,she was the first African American woman to receive a medical degree. She moved to Virginia in 1865,where she provided medical care to freed slaves.
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【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了四位从医人员的生平与事迹。
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一星文章
93
21. What did Jacqueline and James have in common?
A. Doing teaching jobs.
B. Being hired as physicians.
C. Performing surgery.
D. Being banned from medicine.
答案
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94
细节理解题。通过文章第一部分中的“Born to a Jewish family in Florence, she moved to Paris where she worked as a physician and performed surgery. (她出生于佛罗伦萨的一个犹太家庭,搬到巴黎当医生并做外科手术)”以及第二部分中的“She qualified as a surgeon in 1813 (她获得了做外科医生的资格)”和“Barry retired in 1859, having practiced her entire medical profession living and working as a man. (Barry于1859年退休,她以男人的身份生活和工作,从事了整个医学职业)”可知,Jacqueline和James的共同点是都有资格进行外科手术。故选C。
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95
22. How was Tan Yunxian different from the other practitioners?
A. She wrote a book.
B. She went through trials.
C. She worked as a dentist.
D. She had formal education.
解析
答案
推理判断题。通读全文,再根据文章第三部分中的“In 1511, Tan wrote a book, Sayings of a Female Doctor, describing her life as a physician. (在1511年,Tan写了一本书《女医生的故事》,描述了她作为一名医生的生活)”可推知,Tan与其他从业人员的不同之处在于她写了一本书。故选A。
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96
23. Who was the first African American with a medical degree?
A. Jacqueline Felice de Almania.
B. Tan Yunxian.
C. James Barry.
D. Rebecca Lee Crumpler.
解析
答案
细节理解题。通过文章第四部分中的“Four years later, she was the first African American woman to receive a medical degree. (四年后,她成为第一位获得医学学位的非裔美国女性)”可知,Rebecca Lee Crumpler是第一位获得医学学位的非裔美国人。故选D。
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97
二星文章
第一篇(2025全国Ⅰ卷)
B
In my ninth-grade writing class last year,I
met a cowboy who saved his town,a strict father
who demanded his son earn straight A’s,and a
modern-day Juliet who died of heartbreak after
her parents rejected the love of her young life. More than once,I found myself wondering just how my students,who’d created these people,knew their subjects so well.
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98
But things were different for their first essay,which was about the question: “Why is writing important?” Most of the essays filled less than one page,and few contained a sentence that could be interpreted as a thesis (论点) statement. I was shocked. Then I realized that the problem was the question itself. They could have written pages on the necessity of computers,but writing,in and of itself,simply didn’t strike them as important. This would have to change.
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As a new unit started,I asked everyone to write a persuasive piece on a health-related topic of their choice. This time they found the exercise much more interesting. For the next two assignments,a personal-narrative unit followed by a creative-writing workshop,I only required that the piece meet the specifications of its genre (体裁) and that it contain a thesis. The results were staggering. The students took on diverse topics and turned in stories,10 to 20 pages each,with characters that broadened my view and touched my heart.
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I walked into class believing that writing is important as a means of communication. However,my students demonstrated something more important to me. When the final bell rang in June,I walked away with a yearbook full of messages about writing’s most powerful significance — the ability to connect people,to put us in another’s skin,to teach us what it means to be human.
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【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者作为一名写作课老师,通过教学实践逐渐认识到学生写作动力的来源以及写作真正意义的成长故事。
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102
24. Who are the people mentioned at the beginning of paragraph 1?
A. Ninth graders.
B. Students’ parents.
C. Modern writers.
D. Fictional characters.
解析
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103
细节理解题。根据文章第一段中“In my ninth-grade writing class last year, I met a cowboy who saved his town, a strict father who demanded his son earn straight A’s, and a modern-day Juliet who died of heartbreak after her parents rejected the love of her young life. More than once, I found myself wondering just how my students, who’d created these people, knew their subjects so well. (去年,在我任教的九年级写作课上,我结识了一位拯救了自己小镇的牛仔、一位要求儿子门门功课全得A的严厉父亲,还有一位现代版的朱丽叶——她在父母拒绝其年少挚爱后心碎而逝。不止一次,我暗自琢磨,这些塑造了这些人物的学生,究竟是如何如此深谙他们笔下的角色的)”可知,这里提到的牛仔、严厉的父亲和现代版的朱丽叶都是学生在写作中创造出来的虚构人物。故选D。
解析
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104
25. Why did the students perform poorly in writing their first essay?
A. They were not given enough time.
B. They had a very limited vocabulary.
C. They misunderstood the question.
D. They had little interest in the topic.
答案
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105
推理判断题。根据文章第二段中“Most of the essays filled less than one page, and few contained a sentence that could be interpreted as a thesis (论点) statement. I was shocked. Then I realized that the problem was the question itself. They could have written pages on the necessity of computers, but writing, in and of itself, simply didn’t strike them as important. (大多数文章篇幅不足一页,几乎没有包含可被视为论点的句子。我感到震惊。随后我意识到问题出在题目本身。他们本可以就电脑的必要性写下数页内容,但写作本身根本没让他们觉得重要)”可推知,学生们在写第一篇作文时表现不佳,是因为他们对写作这个话题不感兴趣。故选D。
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106
26. What does the underlined word “staggering” in paragraph 3 mean?
A. Mixed.
B. Amazing.
C. Similar.
D. Disturbing.
答案
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107
词句猜测题。根据文章第三段中画线词下文“The students took on diverse topics and turned in stories, 10 to 20 pages each, with characters that broadened my view and touched my heart. (学生们选取了多样的主题,交上来的故事每篇都有10到20页,其中的人物拓宽了我的视野,也触动了我的心)”可推知,此处指学生们写出了内容丰富、打动人心的故事,与之前的表现形成强烈对比。画线词“staggering”意为“令人惊叹的、惊人的”,与B选项“Amazing (惊人的)”语义一致。故选B。
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108
27. What does the author’s experience show?
A. Teaching is learning.
B. Still waters run deep.
C. Knowledge is power.
D. Practice makes perfect.
答案
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109
推理判断题。通读全文,再根据文章最后一段中“I walked into class believing that writing is important as a means of communication. However, my students demonstrated something more important to me. When the final bell rang in June, I walked away with a yearbook full of messages about writing’s most powerful significance — the ability to connect people, to put us in another’s skin, to teach us what it means to be human. (我走进教室时坚信写作作为一种交流方式至关
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110
重要。然而,学生们向我展示了更为重要的东西。当六月的最后一节下课铃响起时,我带着一本满是留言的年鉴离开——这些留言诉说着写作最强大的意义:它能连接人与人,让我们换位思考,教会我们身为人类的真谛)”结合全文内容可知,文章通过作者的教学经历,说明在教导学生的同时,自己也领悟到写作的真正意义,这一过程体现了“教学相长”的理念。选项A“Teaching is learning (教学相长)”符合文中描述的作者通过教学获得的新认识。故选A。
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111
第二篇(2025全国Ⅱ卷)
B
Kathy Ho teaches high school inside Lucile
Packard Children’s Hospital Stanford (LPCH).
“Sometimes I don’t like saying that I’m a
teacher,” says Ho. “People get in their minds an idea of what teachers do,but that’s not really what it is here.”
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112
“Here” is room 386,where each year,about 500 LPCH patients also become students. The hospital school is free of parents,doctors,and medical procedures. It’s a place of learning. About half of Ho’s students stay for a week or less; others are there for more than a year. Most of Ho’s students will recover,which means that preparing them to return to school is an increasingly important component of care.
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Still,in room 386,academics don’t come first. Physical health and mental health are the priority. “If you’re scared about something and thinking only about that,there’s no way you’re going to be able to learn,” Ho says. “I’m a coach,an adviser,and a comforter,and that’s what it means to be a hospital teacher.”
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There are up to 30 students at any given time in Ho’s class. She generally works with their regular teachers to get lessons and tests being used at their home schools. Some teachers don’t give the kids any assignments; they express sympathy instead. “I feel like it is a disservice to the kids,” Ho says. “They think their teachers don’t care about their schoolwork.”
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Ho recognizes the psychological benefit of helping kids keep up with their peers (同龄人) outside the hospital. “I actually think the medicine is only a small piece for some problems,” says Julie Good,director of pain management services at LPCH. “It’s about problem-solving around what it means to have a full life. Those kids have dreams. School can keep those dreams alive by giving kids a way to learn and grow.”
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【解析】本文是一篇记叙文,主要讲述了Kathy Ho在斯坦福露西尔·帕卡德儿童医院(LPCH)担任教师的工作情况,介绍了医院学校学生的情况、她工作的特点以及医院学校对学生的益处。
解析
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117
24. Who does Ho teach at LPCH?
A. Sick children.
B. Young nurses.
C. Medical students.
D. Patients’ parents.
答案
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118
细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“‘Here’ is room 386, where each year, about 500 LPCH patients also become students. The hospital school is free of parents, doctors, and medical procedures. It’s a place of learning. About half of Ho’s students stay for a week or less; others are there for more than a year. Most of Ho’s students will recover, which means that preparing them to return to school is an increasingly important component of care. (“这里”指的是386教室,每年约有500名
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露西尔·帕卡德儿童医院(LPCH)的患者在这里成为学生。这所医院学校里没有家长、医生,也没有医疗程序。它是一个学习的地方。Ho老师的学生中,约有一半只待一周或更短时间,其他人则会待一年以上。Ho老师的大多数学生最终会康复,这意味着,帮助他们做好重返学校的准备正成为护理工作中日益重要的组成部分)” 可知,Ho在露西尔·帕卡德儿童医院(LPCH)教生病的孩子。故选A。
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25. What is a characteristic of Ho’s job?
A. Prioritizing academics.
B. Encouraging innovation.
C. Treating various diseases.
D. Playing multiple roles.
解析
答案
细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“I’m a coach, an adviser, and a comforter, and that’s what it means to be a hospital teacher.(我是教练、顾问和安慰者,这就是作为一名医院教师的意义)”可知,Ho工作的一个特点是扮演多种角色。故选D。
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121
26. What does the underlined word “it” refer to in paragraph 4?
A. Offering regular lessons.
B. Paying extra attention.
C. Assigning no schoolwork.
D. Showing no sympathy.
答案
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122
词句猜测题。根据文章第四段画线词所在句“Some teachers don’t give the kids any assignments; they express sympathy instead. ‘I feel like it is a disservice to the kids,’ Ho says. (一些老师不给孩子们布置任何作业,而是表达同情。Ho说:“我觉得这对孩子们是一种伤害”)” 可推知,其中的“it”指的是不给孩子们布置作业这件事。故选C。
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123
27. How does the hospital school benefit the students according to Good?
A. It eases peer pressure.
B. It helps them live in hope.
C. It frees them from aches.
D. It entertains them with stories.
答案
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124
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中Julie Good所说的“It’s about problem-solving around what it means to have a full life. Those kids have dreams. School can keep those dreams alive by giving kids a way to learn and grow. (这关乎围绕 “何为充实人生” 展开的问题解决。那些孩子拥有梦想,而学校能通过为他们提供学习与成长的途径,让这些梦想得以延续)”可推知,Good认为医院学校通过让孩子保持学习和成长,帮助他们维系梦想,即帮助他们生活在希望中。故选B。
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125
第三篇 (2024新高考Ⅰ卷)
B
“I am not crazy,” says Dr. William
Farber,shortly after performing acupuncture
(针灸) on a rabbit. “I am ahead of my time.” If
he seems a little defensive,it might be because even some of his coworkers occasionally laugh at his unusual methods. But Farber is certain he’ll have the last laugh. He’s one of a small but growing number of American veterinarians (兽医) now practicing “holistic” medicine—combining traditional Western treatments with acupuncture,chiropractic (按摩疗法) and herbal medicine.
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Farber,a graduate of Colorado State University,started out as a more conventional veterinarian. He became interested in alternative treatments 20 years ago when he suffered from terrible back pain. He tried muscle-relaxing drugs but found little relief. Then he tried acupuncture,an ancient Chinese practice,and was amazed that he improved after two or three treatments. What worked on a veterinarian seemed likely to work on his patients. So,after studying the techniques for a couple of years,he began offering them to pets.
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Leigh Tindale’s dog Charlie had a serious heart condition. After Charlie had a heart attack,Tindale says,she was prepared to put him to sleep,but Farber’s treatments eased her dog’s suffering so much that she was able to keep him alive for an additional five months. And Priscilla Dewing reports that her horse,Nappy,“moves more easily and rides more comfortably” after a chiropractic adjustment.
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Farber is certain that the holistic approach will grow more popular with time,and if the past is any indication,he may be right: Since 1982,membership in the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association has grown from 30 to over 700. “Sometimes it surprises me that it works so well,” he says. “I will do anything to help an animal. That’s my job.”
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【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述兽医William Farber博士在从针灸中受益后,将综合医疗应用于动物,并取得了初步成效。
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24. What do some of Farber’s coworkers think of him?
A. He’s odd. B. He’s strict.
C. He’s brave. D. He’s rude.
解析
答案
推理判断题。根据第一段的“If he seems a little defensive, it might be because even some of his coworkers occasionally laugh at his unusual methods.( 如果他看起来有点戒备的姿态,那可能是因为他的一些同事偶尔会嘲笑他不寻常的方法) ”可知,Farber的同事们有时会嘲笑他不寻常的方法,故推断他们认为他很奇怪。故选A。
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131
25. Why did Farber decide to try acupuncture on pets?
A. He was trained in it at university.
B. He was inspired by another veterinarian.
C. He benefited from it as a patient.
D. He wanted to save money for pet owners.
答案
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132
推理判断题。根据第二段的“Then he tried acupuncture, an ancient Chinese practice, and was amazed that he improved after two or three treatments. What worked on a veterinarian seemed likely to work on his patients. So, after studying the techniques for a couple of years, he began offering them to pets.(然后,他尝试了针灸,这是一种古老的中国疗法,并惊讶地发现,经过两三次治疗,他的病情有所好转。对兽医有效的方法似乎对他的病人也有效。因此,在研究了这些技术几年后,他开始把它们提供给宠物)”可知,Farber作为患者从针灸中受益,这促使他决定尝试在宠物上使用针灸。故选C。
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26. What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about?
A. Steps of a chiropractic treatment.
B. The complexity of veterinarians’ work.
C. Examples of rare animal diseases.
D. The effectiveness of holistic medicine.
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主旨大意题。根据第三段内容“Leigh Tindale’s dog Charlie had a serious heart condition. After Charlie had a heart attack, Tindale says, she was prepared to put him to sleep, but Farber’s treatments eased her dog’s suffering so much that she was able to keep him alive for an additional five months. And Priscilla Dewing reports that her horse, Nappy, ‘moves more easily and rides more comfortably’ after a chiropractic adjustment.(Leigh Tindale的狗Charlie患有严重的心脏病。
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135
Tindale说,Charlie心脏病发作后,她准备让他进入睡眠状态,但Farber的治疗大大减轻了她的狗的痛苦,她能够让它多活五个月。Priscilla Dewing报告说,她的马Nappy经过脊椎按摩调整后,‘行动更容易,乘坐更舒服’) ”可知,本段主要讲述了两个例子,一个是Farber通过整体医学方法帮助了患有严重心脏病的狗Charlie,另一个是马Nappy在接受脊椎按摩治疗后移动和骑行更为舒适。这些例子都是为了说明整体医学的有效性。故选D。
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27. Why does the author mention the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association?
A. To prove Farber’s point.
B. To emphasize its importance.
C. To praise veterinarians.
D. To advocate animal protection.
答案
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137
推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容“Farber is certain that the holistic approach will grow more popular with time, and if the past is any indication, he may be right: Since 1982,membership in the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association has grown from 30 to over 700. (Farber确信,随着时间的推移,综合疗法会越来越受欢迎,如果过去有任何迹象的话,他可能是对的:自1982年以来,美国综合兽医协会的会员已经从30个增加到700多个。)”可知,Farber认为综合疗法会越来越受欢迎,随后作者列举了美国综合兽医协会的会员已经从30个增加到700多个的例子,因此推断提到美国整体兽医协会是为证明Farber的观点。故选A。
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第四篇 (2024新高考Ⅱ卷)
B
Do you ever get to the train station and realize you forgot to bring something to read? Yes,we all have our phones,but many of us still like to go old school and read something printed.
Well,there’s a kiosk (小亭) for that. In the San Francisco Bay Area,at least.
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“You enter the fare gates (检票口) and you’ll see a kiosk that is lit up and it tells you can get a one-minute,a three-minute,or a five-minute story,” says Alicia Trost,the chief communications officer for the San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit—known as BART. “You choose which length you want and it gives you a receipt-like short story.”
It’s that simple. Riders have printed nearly 20,000 short stories and poems since the program was launched last March. Some are classic short stories,and some are new original works.
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Trost also wants to introduce local writers to local riders. “We wanted to do something where we do a call to artists in the Bay Area to submit stories for a contest,” Trost says. “And as of right now,we’ve received about 120 submissions. The winning stories would go into our kiosk and then you would be a published artist.”
Ridership on transit (交通) systems across the country has been down the past half century,so could short stories save transit?
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Trost thinks so.
“At the end of the day all transit agencies right now are doing everything they can to improve the rider experience. So I absolutely think we will get more riders just because of short stories,” she says.
And you’ll never be without something to read.
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【解析】本文是一篇新闻报道。主要报道了旧金山湾区捷运系统(BART)推出自动售货亭提供短篇故事打印服务,旨在满足乘客阅读需求,提升出行体验,Trost认为此举措能吸引更多乘客,对BART的未来持乐观态度,预期乘客量将会增长。
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24. Why did BART start the kiosk program?
A. To promote the local culture.
B. To discourage phone use.
C. To meet passengers’ needs.
D. To reduce its running costs.
答案
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推理判断题。根据第三段“‘You enter the fare gates (检票口) and you’ll see a kiosk that is lit up and it tells you can get a one-minute, a three-minute, or a five-minute story,’ says Alicia Trost, the chief communications officer for the San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit—known as BART. ‘You choose which length you want and it gives you a receipt-like short story.’(旧金山湾区捷运系统(BART)首席通讯官Alicia Trost表示:‘你进入检票口,会看到一个亮着灯的信息亭,它告诉你可以得到一分钟、三分钟或五分钟的报道。你可以选择你想要的长度,它会给你一个类似收据的短篇故事。’)”可知,BART启动信息亭是为了满足乘客在乘车过程中的阅读需求,为他们提供不同长度的短篇故事来打发时间。故选C。
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25. How are the stories categorized in the kiosk?
A. By popularity. B. By length.
C. By theme. D. By language.
解析
答案
细节理解题。根据第三段的“You choose which length you want and it gives you a receipt-like short story.(你可以选择你想要的长度,它会给你一个类似收据的短篇故事)”可知,信息亭中的故事按长度分类,乘客可以根据自己的需求选择不同长度的故事。故选B。
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26. What has Trost been doing recently?
A. Organizing a story contest.
B. Doing a survey of customers.
C. Choosing a print publisher.
D. Conducting interviews with artists.
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细节理解题。根据第五段的“We wanted to do something where we do a call to artists in the Bay Area to submit stories for a contest(我们想做一些事情,呼吁湾区的艺术家为比赛提交故事)”以及“The winning stories would go into our kiosk and then you would be a published artist.(获奖故事会进入我们的书报亭,然后你就会成为一名出版艺术家)”可知,Trost最近在组织一个故事竞赛,向湾区的艺术家征集故事,获胜作品将被放入书报亭供乘客阅读。故选A。
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27. What is Trost’s opinion about BART’s future?
A. It will close down.
B. Its profits will decline.
C. It will expand nationwide.
D. Its ridership will increase.
答案
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细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“‘At the end of the day all transit agencies right now are doing everything they can to improve the rider experience. So I absolutely think we will get more riders just because of short stories,’ she says.(她说:‘归根结底,所有的交通机构现在都在尽一切努力改善乘客体验。所以我完全认为,我们会因为短篇小说而吸引更多的乘客。’)”可知,Trost认为通过提升乘客体验,包括提供短篇故事阅读服务,BART可以吸引更多的乘客,乘客量将会增加。故选D。
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第五篇 (2024全国甲卷)
B
Animals can express their needs using a lot
of ways. For instance,almost all animals have
distinct vocals (声音) that they rely on to either
ask for help,scare away any dangerous animals
or look for shelter. But cats are special creatures who possess amazing vocalization skills. They are able to have entire
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conversations with humans using meows and you’re able to interpret it. If a pet cat is hungry,it will keep meowing to attract attention and find food. However,when a cat is looking for affection,they tend to produce stretched and soft meows. Meowing starts as soon as a baby cat is brought to life and uses it to get the mother’s attention and be fed.
Cats have many heightened senses,but their sense of smell is quite impressive. They use their noses to assess their
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environment and look out for any signs of danger. They will sniff out specific areas before they choose a place to relax. However,another way the cats are able to distinguish between situations is by looking for familiar smells. Your cat will likely smell your face and store the smell in its memory and use it to recognize you in the future. That’s why most pet cats are able to tell immediately if their owners were around any other cats,which they don’t usually like.
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Dogs are known for their impressive fetching habit,but cats take this behavior up a notch. Many cats will find random objects outside and bring them to their owners. This is a very old habit that’s been present in all kinds of predators (食肉动物). Cats bring gifts for their owners to show they love you. These adorable little hunters are just doing something that it’s been in their nature since the beginning of time. So just go along with it!
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【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了猫通过叫声、嗅觉和带回礼物来表达需求、评估环境和展示爱意。
解析
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24. What can be learned about cats’ meowing from the first paragraph?
A. It’s a survival skill.
B. It’s taught by mother cats.
C. It’s hard to interpret.
D. It’s getting louder with age.
答案
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细节理解题。根据第一段的“Animals can express their needs using a lot of ways. For instance, almost all animals have distinct vocals (声音) that they rely on to either ask for help, scare away any dangerous animals or look for shelter. (动物可以用很多方式来表达他们的需求。例如,几乎所有的动物都有独特的声音,它们依靠这些声音来寻求帮助,吓跑危险的动物或寻找庇护)”和“Meowing starts as soon as a baby cat is brought to life and uses it to get the mother’s attention and be fed. (猫宝宝一出生就开始喵喵叫,喵喵叫是为了引起妈妈的注意和被喂食)”可知,猫叫声是一种生存技能。故选A。
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25. How does a pet cat assess different situations?
A. By listening for sounds.
B. By touching familiar objects.
C. By checking on smells.
D. By communicating with other cats.
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158
细节理解题。根据第二段“Cats have many heightened senses, but their sense of smell is quite impressive. They use their noses to assess their environment and look out for any signs of danger. (猫有许多敏锐的感官,但它们的嗅觉令人印象深刻。它们用鼻子来评估周围的环境,寻找任何危险的迹象)”可知,宠物猫通过检查气味来评估不同情况。故选C。
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159
26. Which best explains the phrase “take…up a notch” in paragraph 3?
A. Perform appropriately.
B. Move faster.
C. Act strangely.
D. Do better.
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160
词句猜测题。根据第三段划线词前半句“Dogs are known for their impressive fetching habit (狗以其令人印象深刻的抓取习惯而闻名)”和后句“Many cats will find random objects outside and bring them to their owners. (许多猫会在外面随意找到一些东西,并把它们带给主人)”可知,狗以取回东西而闻名,但猫可以从外边找到东西带回来,因此在这一行为上更上一层楼。短语take... up a notch是用来形容猫在带回东西这一行为上做得更好或更出色。故选D。
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161
27. What is a suitable title for the text?
A. Tips on Finding a Smart Cat
B. Understanding Your Cat’s Behavior
C. Have Fun with Your Cat
D. How to Keep Your Cat Healthy
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162
主旨大意题。根据第一段的“Animals can express their needs using a lot of ways.(动物可以用很多方式来表达他们的需求)”及全文可知,文章都在介绍和解释猫的各种行为方式,包括叫声、嗅觉和带回礼物的习惯,以及这些行为背后的原因和意义。所以“Understanding Your Cat’s Behavior(了解你的猫的行为)”作为文章标题最为合适。故选B。
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163
第六篇(2023新高考Ⅰ卷)
B
When John Todd was a child,he loved to
explore the woods around his house,observing
how nature solved problems. A dirty stream,
for example,often became clear after flowing
through plants and along rocks where tiny
creatures lived. When he got older,John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making.
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After studying agriculture,medicine,and fisheries in college,John went back to observing nature and asking questions. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌)? Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals? With the right combination of animals and plants,he figured,maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did. He decided to build what he would later call an ecomachine.
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The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge (污泥). First,he constructed a series of clear fiberglass tanks connected to each other. Then he went around to local ponds and streams and brought back some plants and animals. He placed them in the tanks and waited. Little by little,these different kinds of life got used to one another and formed their own ecosystem. After a few weeks,John added the sludge.
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He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it! Within weeks,it had all been digested,and all that was left was pure water.
Over the years,John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse-like facility that treated sewage (污水) from 1,600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou,a city in southeast China.
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“Ecological design” is the name John gives to what he does. “Life on Earth is kind of a box of spare parts for the inventor,” he says. “You put organisms in new relationships and observe what’s happening. Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair.”
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了John Todd从小就很爱思考且好学,他建造了一个生态机器,利用自然可以自我修复的原理来净化污水。
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24. What can we learn about John from the first two paragraphs?
A. He was fond of traveling.
B. He enjoyed being alone.
C. He had an inquiring mind.
D. He longed to be a doctor.
答案
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169
细节理解题。根据第一段“When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved problems. A dirty stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived. When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making. (当John Todd还是个孩子的时候,他喜欢探索房子周围的树林,观察大自然是如何解决问题的。例如,
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170
一条肮脏的小溪流经植物和微小生物居住的岩石后,往往会变得清澈。长大后,约翰开始思考这个过程是否可以用来清理人们制造的混乱。)”以及第二段中的“After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to observing nature and asking questions. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌)? Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals? (在大学学习了农业、医学和渔业之后,John又回到了观察自然和提出问题的生活中。为什么某些植物能捕获有害细菌?哪些鱼类会食用致癌化学物质?)”可知,John聪颖好学、好奇心很强。故选C。
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25. Why did John put the sludge into the tanks?
A. To feed the animals.
B. To build an ecosystem.
C. To protect the plants.
D. To test the eco-machine.
答案
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172
细节理解题。根据第三段中的“After a few weeks, John added the sludge. (几个星期后,John把污泥加了进去。)”以及倒数第三段“He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the ecomachine took the sludge as food and began to eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water. (他对结果感到惊讶。生态机器里的动植物把污泥当成了食物,开始吃了起来!几周之内,它就被消化了,只剩下纯净水。)”可知,约翰把污泥放进罐子里是为了测试生态机器。故选D。
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26. What is the author’s purpose in mentioning Fuzhou?
A. To review John’s research plans.
B. To show an application of John’s idea.
C. To compare John’s different jobs.
D. To erase doubts about John’s invention.
答案
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174
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a green-houselike facility that treated sewage (污水) from 1,600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China. (这些年来,John承担了许多重大工作。他开发了一个类似温室的设施,可以处理来自南伯灵顿1 600户家庭的污水。他还设计了一种生态机器来清洁中国东南部城市福州的运河水。)”可推知,作者提到福州的目的是展示John想法的应用。故选B。
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27. What is the basis for John’s work?
A. Nature can repair itself.
B. Organisms need water to survive.
C. Life on Earth is diverse.
D. Most tiny creatures live in groups.
答案
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176
推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“You put organisms in new relationships and observe what’s happening. Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair. (你把生物体放在新的关系中,观察会发生什么。然后让这些新系统自行发展自我修复的方式。)”可知,John工作的基础是自然可以自我修复。故选A。
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177
第七篇(2023新高考Ⅱ卷)
B
Turning soil,pulling weeds,and
harvesting cabbage sound like tough work for
middle and high school kids. And at first it is,
says Abby Jaramillo,who with another teacher
started Urban Sprouts,a school garden program
at four low-income schools. The program aims to help students develop science skills,environmental awareness,and healthy lifestyles.
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Jaramillo’s students live in neighborhoods where fresh food and green space are not easy to find and fast food restaurants outnumber grocery stores. “The kids literally come to school with bags of snacks and large bottles of soft drinks,” she says. “They come to us thinking vegetables are awful,dirt is awful,insects are awful.” Though some are initially scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt,most are eager to try something new.
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Urban Sprouts’ classes,at two middle schools and two high schools,include hands-on experiments such as soil testing,flower-and-seed dissection,tastings of fresh or dried produce,and work in the garden. Several times a year,students cook the vegetables they grow,and they occasionally make salads for their entire schools.
Program evaluations show that kids eat more vegetables as a result of the classes. “We have students who say they went home and talked to their parents and now they’re eating differently,” Jaramillo says.
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She adds that the program’s benefits go beyond nutrition. Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens. Besides,working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo’s special education students,many of whom have emotional control issues. “They get outside,” she says,“and they feel successful.”
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【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Abby Jaramillo等老师在低收入学校发起的培养学生科学能力,环保意识以及健康生活方式的Urban Sprouts花园项目,让学生种植蔬菜,对学生影响深远。
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24. What do we know about Abby Jaramillo?
A. She used to be a health worker.
B. She grew up in a low-income family.
C. She owns a fast food restaurant.
D. She is an initiator of Urban Sprouts.
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细节理解题。根据第一段的“And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden program at four low-income schools. (起初是这样的,Abby Jaramillo说,她和另一位老师在四所低收入学校启动了Urban Sprouts学校花园项目)”可知,Abby Jaramillo是Urban Sprouts的发起者。故选D。
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25. What was a problem facing Jaramillo at the start of the program?
A. The kids’ parents distrusted her.
B. Students had little time for her classes.
C. Some kids disliked garden work.
D. There was no space for school gardens.
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推理判断题。根据第二段的“…she says. ‘They come to us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful.’ Though some are initially scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt, most are eager to try something new. (……她说。‘他们来找我们,认为蔬菜很可怕,泥土很可怕,昆虫也很可怕。’虽然有些人一开始害怕昆虫,对泥土感到厌烦,但大多数人都渴望尝试新的东西)”可知,项目之初,一些学生不喜欢园艺工作。故选C。
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26. Which of the following best describes the impact of the program?
A. Far-reaching.
B. Predictable.
C. Short-lived.
D. Unidentifiable.
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推理判断题。根据最后一段“She adds that the program’s benefits go beyond nutrition. Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens. Besides, working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo’s special education students, many of whom have emotional control issues. ‘They get outside,’ she says, ‘and they feel successful.’(她补充说,该计划的好处不仅仅是营养。一些学生开始对园艺非常感兴趣,
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他们把种子带回家开始种自己的菜园。此外,在花园里工作似乎对Jaramillo的特殊教育学生有镇静作用,他们中的许多人都有情绪控制问题。‘他们走了出去,’她说,‘他们觉得成功。’)”可知,这个项目不仅给学生提供了有营养的食物,而且许多学生回家开创了自己的菜园,对有情绪控制问题的学生也起到了镇静作用,从而推知,该项目的影响是深远的。故选A。
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27. What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Rescuing School Gardens
B. Experiencing Country Life
C. Growing Vegetable Lovers
D. Changing Local Landscape
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主旨大意题。根据第一段的“And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden program at four lowincome schools. The program aims to help students develop science skills, environmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles. (起初是这样的,Abby Jaramillo说,她和另一位老师在四所低收入学校启动了Urban Sprouts学校花园项目。该项目旨在帮助学生培养科学技能、环保意识和健康的生活方式)”和最后一段的
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“Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens. (一些学生开始对园艺非常感兴趣,于是他们把种子带回家,开始种自己的菜园)”以及下文内容可知,文章主要讲述了Abby Jaramillo等老师在低收入学校发起的培养学生科学能力、环保意识以及健康生活方式的Urban Sprouts花园项目,让学生种植蔬菜,对学生影响深远。因此推断C项“蔬菜种植爱好者”符合文意,最适合作为本文标题。故选C。
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第八篇(2023全国甲卷)
B
Terri Bolton is a dab hand when it comes
to DIY (do-it-yourself). Skilled at putting up
shelves and piecing together furniture,she
never pays someone else to do a job she can do
herself.
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She credits these skills to her late grandfather and builder Derek Lloyd. From the age of six,Terri,now 26,accompanied Derek to work during her school holidays. A day’s work was rewarded with £5 in pocket money. She says: “I’m sure I wasn’t much of a help to start with,painting the rooms and putting down the flooring throughout the house. It took weeks and it was backbreaking work,but I know he was proud of my skills.”
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Terri,who now rents a house with friends in Wandsworth,South West London,says DIY also saves her from losing any deposit when a tenancy (租期) comes to an end. She adds: “I’ve moved house many times and I always like to personalize my room and put up pictures. So,it’s been useful to know how to cover up holes and repaint a room to avoid any charges when I’ve moved out.”
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With millions of people likely to take on DIY projects over that coming weeks,new research shows that more than half of people are planning to make the most of the long,warm summer days to get jobs done. The average spend per project will be around £823. Two thirds of people aim to improve their comfort while at home. Two fifths wish to increase the value of their house. Though DIY has traditionally been seen as male hobby,the research shows it is women now leading the charge.
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【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一位DIY高手Terri Bolton的技能以及DIY项目可能会在女性群体中变成一种潮流趋势。
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197
24. Which is closest in meaning to “a dab hand” in paragraph 1?
A. An artist.
B. A winner.
C. A specialist.
D. A pioneer.
答案
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198
词句猜测题。根据文章第一段画线短语下文“Skilled at putting up shelves and piecing together furniture, she never pays someone else to do a job she can do herself. (她擅长摆架子和拼接家具,从不付钱给别人做她自己能做的工作)”可推知,此处指Terri Bolton是一位DIY高手。C项“A specialist.(一位专业人员)”最接近画线短语a dab hand的意思。故选C。
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199
25. Why did Terri’s grandfather give her £5 a day?
A. For a birthday gift.
B. As a treat for her work.
C. To support her DIY projects.
D. To encourage her to take up a hobby.
答案
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200
推理判断题。根据文章第二段中的“She credits these skills to her late grandfather and builder Derek Lloyd. From the age of six, Terri, now 26, accompanied Derek to work during her school holidays. A day’s work was rewarded with £5 in pocket money. (她将这些技能归功于她已故的祖父兼建筑商Derek Lloyd。从六岁起,现年26岁的Terri就在学校放假期间陪Derek去上班。一天的工作得到了5英镑零花钱的奖励)”以及“It took weeks and is was backbreaking work, but I know he was proud of my skills. (这花了几个星期的时间,是一项艰苦的工作,但我知道他为我的技能感到骄傲)”可推知,Terri的祖父每天给她5英镑是作为对她的工作的鼓励。故选B。
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201
26. How did Terri avoid losing the deposit on the house she rented?
A. By making it look like before.
B. By furnishing it herself.
C. By splitting the rent with a roommate.
D. By cancelling the rental agreement.
答案
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202
细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的“So, it’s been useful to know how to cover up holes and repaint a room to avoid any charges when I’ve moved out. (所以,当我搬出去时,知道如何掩盖漏洞并重新粉刷房间以避免任何费用是很有用的)”可推知,Terri是通过粉饰房间,让它看起来像以前一样,来避免被扣除租房的押金的。故选A。
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203
27. What trend in DIY does the research show?
A. It is becoming more costly.
B. It is getting more time-consuming.
C. It is turning into a seasonal industry.
D. It is gaining popularity among females.
解析
答案
细节理解题。通过文章最后一段中的the research shows it is women now leading the charge(研究表明,现在是女性主导了这项运动)可知,研究表明,DIY将在女性中越来越受欢迎。故选D。
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204
第一篇(2025全国Ⅰ卷)
C
While safety improvements might have been
made to our streets in recent years,transport
studies also show declines in pedestrian (行人)
mobility,especially among young children. Many parents say there’s too much traffic on the roads for their children to walk safely to school,so they pack them into the car instead.
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205
Dutch authors Thalia Verkade and Marco te Brömmelstroet are bothered by facts like these. In their new book Movement: How to Take Back Our Streets and Transform Our Lives,they call for a rethink of our streets and the role they play in our lives.
Life on city streets started to change decades ago. Whole neighbourhoods were destroyed to make way for new road networks and kids had to play elsewhere. Some communities
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fought back. Most famously,a Canadian journalist who had moved her family to Manhattan in the early 1950s led a campaign to stop the destruction of her local park. Describing her alarm at its proposed replacement with an expressway,Jane Jacobs called on her mayor (市长) to champion “New York as a decent place to live,and not just rush through.” Similar campaigns occurred in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s as well.
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Although these campaigns were widespread,the reality is that the majority of the western cities were completely redesigned around the needs of the motor car. The number of cars on roads has been increasing rapidly. In Australia we now have over twenty million cars for just over twenty-six million people,among the highest rate of car ownership in the world.
We invest a lot in roads that help us rush through,but we fail to account for the true costs. Do we really recognise what it costs us as a society when children can’t move safely around our communities? The authors of Movement have it right: it’s time to think differently about that street outside your front door.
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【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要介绍了西方城市过度围绕汽车设计导致行人流动性下降,尤其是儿童步行减少的现象,并通过历史案例和现状分析呼吁反思街道功能,重视城市宜居性。
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209
28. What phenomenon does the author point out in paragraph 1?
A. Cars often get stuck on the road.
B. Traffic accidents occur frequently.
C. People walk less and drive more.
D. Pedestrians fail to follow the rules.
答案
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210
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“While safety improvements might have been made to our streets in recent years, transport studies also show declines in pedestrian (行人) mobility, especially among young children. Many parents say there’s too much traffic on the roads for their children to walk safely to school, so they pack them into the car instead. (虽然近年来我们的街道可能已经改善了安全性,但交通研究也表明行人的流动性下降,尤其是年幼儿童。许多家长说,路上的交通太拥挤,他们的孩子无法安全步行上学,所以他们把孩子塞进车里)”可知,作者指出的现象是人们步行减少、开车增多。故选C。
解析
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211
29. What were the Canadian journalist and other campaigners trying to do?
A. Keep their cities livable.
B. Promote cultural diversity.
C. Help the needy families.
D. Make expressways accessible.
答案
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212
推理判断题。根据文章第三段中的“Most famously, a Canadian journalist who had moved her family to Manhattan in the early 1950s led a campaign to stop the destruction of her local park. Describing her alarm at its proposed replacement with an expressway, Jane Jacobs called on her mayor (市长) to champion “New York as a decent place to live, and not just rush through.” (最著名的是,一位加拿大记者在20世纪50年代初举家迁往曼哈顿,她领导了一场阻止当地公园被毁的运动。在描述Jane Jacobs对用高速公路取代公园的提议感到担忧时,她呼吁她的市长捍卫“纽约作为适宜居住的地方,而不仅是快速通行的通道”)”可推知,加拿大记者和其他运动参与者旨在保持城市宜居性。故选A。
解析
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213
30. What can be inferred about the campaigns in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s?
A. They boosted the sales of cars.
B. They turned out largely ineffective.
C. They won government support.
D. They advocated building new parks.
答案
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214
推理判断题。第三段最后一句提到了“类似的运动在20世纪60年代末至70年代的是澳大利亚也出现了”;根据文章倒数第二段中的“Although these campaigns were widespread, the reality is that the majority of the western cities were completely redesigned around the needs of the motor car. The number of cars on roads has been increasing rapidly. (尽管这些运动很普遍,但现实是大多数西方城市完全围绕汽车需求重新设计。道路上的汽车数量一直在迅速增加)”可推知,20世纪60年代末至70年代澳大利亚的活动未能阻止汽车发展,基本上没有效果。故选B。
解析
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215
31. What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Why the Rush?
B. What’s Next?
C. Where to Stay?
D. Who to Blame?
答案
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216
主旨大意题。通读全文,并根据文章最后一段“We invest a lot in roads that help us rush through, but we fail to account for the true costs. Do we really recognise what it costs us as a society when children can’t move safely around our communities? (我们在帮助我们快速通行的道路上投入了大量资金,但我们没有考虑到真正的成本。我们真的认识到当孩子们不能在我们的社区安全地移动时,我们作为一个社会将会付出什么代价吗?)”可推知,本文批判城市过度追求交通效率、忽视行人需求的现象,A项“Why the Rush? (为何匆匆?)”质问“rush through (快速通行)”的规划理念,契合主旨,最适合作为本文标题。故选A。
解析
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217
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D
Microplastics have become a common source
of pollution across the Earth — they have settled
in the deep sea and on the Himalayas,stuck
inside volcanic rocks,filled the stomachs of seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow. They are even appearing inside humans.
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Now,new research suggests that a simple,cheap measure may significantly reduce the level of microplastics in water from your tap (水龙头): boiling and filtering (过滤) it. In a study published Wednesday in Environmental Science & Technology Letters,researchers from China found that boiling tap water for just five minutes — then filtering it after it cools — could remove at least 80 percent of its microplastics.
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Crucially,this process relies on the water containing enough calcium carbonate (碳酸钙) to trap the plastics. In the study,boiling hard water containing 300 milligrams of calcium carbonate led to an almost 90 percent drop in plastics. But in samples with less than 60 milligrams of calcium carbonate,boiling reduced the level of plastics by just 25 percent. Additionally,the research didn’t include all types of plastics. The team focused only on three common types — polystyrene,polyethylene and polypropylene — and they didn’t study other chemicals previously found in water such as vinyl chloride.
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Still,the findings show a potential path forward for reducing microplastic exposure—a task that’s becoming increasingly difficult. Even bottled water,scientists found earlier this year,contains 10 to 1,000 times more microplastics than originally thought.
Scientists are still trying to determine how harmful microplastics are — but what they do know has raised concerns. The new study suggests boiling tap water could be a
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tool to limit intake. “The way they demonstrated how microplastics were trapped through the boiling process was nice,” Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay,an environmental engineer at the University of Glasgow in Scotland who was not involved in the research,tells New Scientist. “We should be looking into upgrading drinking water treatment plants so they remove microplastics.”
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【解析】本文是篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项关于减少自来水中微塑料污染的新研究。微塑料污染已遍及全球,甚至已进入人类体内。中国研究人员发现,将自来水煮沸五分钟并冷却后过滤可能会显著降低自来水中的微塑料含量。研究虽未涵盖所有塑料类型和化学物质,但揭示了一种潜在的解决方案。一位苏格兰环境工程师指出,该研究展示了煮沸过滤法的有效性,并建议升级饮用水处理厂以推广应用。
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223
32. How does the author present the issue in the first paragraph?
A. By quoting an expert.
B. By defining a concept.
C. By giving examples.
D. By providing statistics.
答案
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推理判断题。根据文章第一段中“Microplastics have become a common source of pollution across the Earth — they have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas, stuck inside volcanic rocks, filled the stomachs of seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow. They are even appearing inside humans. (微塑料已经成为地球上常见的污染源——它们出现在深海中和喜马拉雅山上,嵌入火山岩中,充斥于海鸟的胃部,甚至落在南极的新雪中。它们甚至出现在了人类体内)”可推知,作者通过举例提出微塑料污染的问题。故选C。
解析
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33. What determines the effectiveness of trapping microplastics in water?
A. The hardness of water.
B. The length of cooling time.
C. The frequency of filtering.
D. The type of plastic in water.
答案
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细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“Crucially, this process relies on the water containing enough calcium carbonate (碳酸钙) to trap the plastics. In the study, boiling hard water containing 300 milligrams of calcium carbonate led to an almost 90 percent drop in plastics. But in samples with less than 60 milligrams of calcium carbonate, boiling reduced the level of plastics by just 25 percent. (至关重要的是,这一过程依赖于含有足够碳酸钙的水来吸附塑料。在这项研究中,将含有300毫克碳酸钙的硬水煮沸后,塑料含量下降了近90%。但在碳酸钙含量低于60毫克的样本中,煮沸只降低了25%的塑料含量)”可知,决定在水中吸附微塑料的有效性的是水的硬度。故选A。
解析
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34. What does the author try to illustrate by mentioning bottled water in paragraph 4?
A. The importance of plastic recycling.
B. The severity of the microplastic problem.
C. The danger in overusing pure water.
D. The difficulty in treating polluted water.
答案
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228
推理判断题。根据文章第四段中“Still, the findings show a potential path forward for reducing microplastic exposure — a task that’s becoming increasingly diffcult. Even bottled water, scientists found earlier this year, contains 10 to 1,000 times more microplastics than originally thought. (尽管如此,研究结果显示了减少微塑料接触的潜在途径——这一任务正变得越来越困难。今年早些时候,科学家们发现,即使是瓶装水,其微塑料含量也比原先想象的高出10到1 000倍)”可推断,作者提到瓶装水是为了说明微塑料污染的严重性。故选B。
解析
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35. What is Gauchotte-Lindsay’s suggestion about?
A. Choice of new research methods.
B. Possible direction for further study.
C. Need to involve more researchers.
D. Potential application of the findings.
答案
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推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“‘The way they demonstrated how microplastics were trapped through the boiling process was nice,’ Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay, an environmental engineer at the University of Glasgow in Scotland who was not involved in the research, tells New Scientist. ‘We should be looking into upgrading drinking water treatment plants so they remove microplastics.’ (苏格兰格拉斯哥大学的环境工程师Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay没有参与这
解析
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项研究,她告诉《新科学家》杂志:“他们展示微塑料如何在煮沸过程中被裁留的方式很不错。我们应该考虑升级饮用水处理厂,以便它们能去除微塑料。”)可推知,Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay的建议是关于这项研究结果的潜在应用,即升级饮用水处理厂。故选D。
解析
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第三篇(2025全国Ⅱ卷)
C
When Sonja Detrinidad opened her online
shop selling houseplants,she didn’t have high
hopes for it. But the opposite happened: She was
flooded,shipping out 1,200 orders in June of
2020 alone. In the past year,Detrinidad sent out more than
70,000 plants. Her success is just one example of increased time at home leading to an explosion in the houseplant industry.
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“Plants are in fashion right now,” says Dr. Melinda Knuth,a researcher from the University of Florida. “People who live in plant-rich environments report a higher life satisfaction rating,” she says. “Adding more nature to our environment can change our mood and how we think.” Plants can improve our state of mind in a few ways but the biggest is by decreasing our level of cortisol,the stress hormone (激素) in our body.
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“Students who are around plants perform better academically than students who are in a classroom without plants,” says Knuth. “This productivity also translates into the workplace for adults. Our study showed that there was a 30% decrease in sick leave for people who were in plant-rich workplaces.”
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If you’re among the groups of people who are enjoying the mental and physical health benefits of surrounding yourself with plants,don’t beat yourself up if one (or a few!) doesn’t make it. “Doctors practice medicine and lawyers practice law and you should allow yourself the practice it takes to sustain a plant. Tending to plants is an exercise in patience and learning. Be invested in taking care of it,but if it dies,go get another one,” Detrinidad says.
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【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要通过Detrinidad的创业经历和专家研究,说明室内植物对人们心理健康和工作效率的积极影响,以及近年来居家趋势推动了室内植物产业的发展。
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28. How was Detrinidad’s business when it started?
A. It faced tough competition.
B. It suffered a great loss.
C. It got lots of financial support.
D. It went surprisingly well.
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细节理解题。根据第一段中的“When Sonja Detrinidad opened her online shop selling houseplants, she didn’t have high hopes for it. But the opposite happened: She was flooded, shipping out 1,200 orders in June of 2020 alone. (当Sonja Detrinidad开设她的网店售卖室内植物时,她并没有抱太大的期望。但结果却恰恰相反:她的订单如潮水般涌来,仅在2020年6月就寄出了1 200份订单)”可知,Sonja Detrinidad刚开始开网店卖室内植物时,并没有抱太大希望,但实际情况是订单很多,生意出奇地好。故选D。
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29. What is one of Knuth’s findings about plants?
A. They appeal more to students.
B. They purify the environment.
C. They raise the cortisol level.
D. They enhance productivity.
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细节理解题。根据第三段中的“‘Students who are around plants perform better academically than students who are in a classroom without plants,’ says Knuth. ‘This productivity also translates into the workplace for adults. Our study showed that there was a 30% decrease in sick leave for people who were in plant-rich workplaces.’(Knuth表示:“身处植物周围的学生,其学业表现比在没有植物的教室里的学生更出色。这种效率提升同样适用于成年人的工作场合。我们的研究显示,在植物丰富的工作环境中,人们的病假率降低了 30%。”)可知,Knuth的研究发现,接触植物的学生学业表现更好,成年人在植物丰富的工作环境中生产率提高,病假率降低,因此,“植物能提升生产率”是她的发现之一。故选D。
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30. What does Detrinidad try to explain by mentioning doctors and lawyers?
A. The necessity of social skills.
B. The meaning of sustainability.
C. The importance of repeated efforts.
D. The value of professional opinions.
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推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“‘Doctors practice medicine and lawyers practice law and you should allow yourself the practice it takes to sustain a plant. Tending to plants is an exercise in patience and learning. Be invested in taking care of it, but if it dies, go get another one,’ Detrinidad says. (Detrinidad说:‘医生需要不断实践医术,律师需要持续精进法律实务,而维持植物生长同样需要给自己实践的机会。照料植物是一种培养耐心和学习的过程。要用心呵护它,但如果它枯萎了,那就再养一株新的。’)”可知,Detrinidad通过类比医生和律师需要不断实践来强调“照顾植物需要反复尝试”。她认为养植物失败是正常的,重要的是持续努力。由此推断,她提到医生和律师是为了解释“重复努力的重要性”。故选C。
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31. What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Time to Replace Houseplants
B. Plants Boost Your Mood
C. Tips on Choosing Houseplants
D. Plants Brighten Your Home
解析
答案
主旨大意题。文章第一段以Detrinidad的成功为例引出室内植物行业的兴起,第二段至第三段通过Knuth的研究说明植物能通过降低皮质醇水平改善心情、提升生产率,第四段鼓励人们尝试养植物。全文核心围绕“植物对情绪和健康的积极影响”展开。选项B“Plants Boost Your Mood(植物改善你的情绪)”最能概括文章主旨,适合作为文章的标题。故选B。
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第四篇(2025全国Ⅱ卷)
D
Does your soul die a little every time you
throw away unused food? Mine does. Maybe
that feeling comes from growing up in South
Africa,where the phrase “there are children
starving in Africa” was more of an uncomfortable reminder of fact than a prayer at dinner time.
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Food waste is a growing concern in the restaurant,supermarket,and supply chain industries. From technological solutions to educational campaigns,food producers and sellers are looking for ways to use more of what we’re already growing. But last month,one popular New York City restaurant tried a different way: It changed its menu to exclusively (专门) offer food that would otherwise be thrown away.
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For two weeks in March,Greenwich Village’s Blue Hill restaurant was renamed wastED,and served items like fried skate cartilage,a juice pulp burger,and a dumpster diver’s vegetable salad. Each dish was tailor-made to raise awareness regarding food waste.
A study by the Food Waste Alliance determined that the average restaurant generates 33 pounds of food waste for every$1,000 in revenue (收入),and of that waste only 15.7% is donated or recycled. Up to 84.3% is simply thrown out. Restaurants like Silo in the UK have experimented with zero-waste systems,but wastED took the concept to its logical conclusion.
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It should be noted that none of the items on wastED’s menu was technically made from garbage. Instead,all the ingredients (配料) used were examples of meat cuts and produce that most restaurants would never consider serving. Things like kale ribs,fish collars,rejected sweet potatoes,and cucumber butts were all re-appropriated and,with the help of a number of good chefs,turned into excellent cuisine.
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Though wastED received enthusiastic reviews,it was designed from the start as a short-lived experiment; Blue Hill has since returned to its regular menu. Nevertheless,it serves as a reminder that there are many ways to address problems of sustainability,and that you can make an amazing meal out of almost anything.
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【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了食物浪费问题,并以纽约一家餐厅的短期实验项目“wastED”为例,该餐厅通过创意改造本该被丢弃的食材以制作菜品,从而提高人们对可持续饮食的关注。
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32. What can be inferred about the author’s early life?
A. He witnessed food shortage.
B. He enjoyed the local cuisine.
C. He donated food to Africans.
D. He helped to cook at home.
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推理判断题。根据文章第一段中“Maybe that feeling comes from growing up in South Africa where the phrase ‘there are children starving in Africa’ was more of an uncomfortable reminder of fact than a prayer at dinner time. (这种感觉或许源于在南非的成长经历——在那里,“非洲还有孩子在挨饿” 这句话与其说是餐前时的祈祷,不如说是对现实令人不安的提醒)” 可知,作者在南非长大,那里有孩子挨饿是事实,由此可推断作者早年目睹了食物短缺的情况。故选A。
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33. Why did Blue Hill carry out the experiment?
A. To customize dishes for guests.
B. To make the public aware of food waste.
C. To test a food processing method.
D. To improve the UK’s zero-waste systems.
解析
答案
细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“Each dish was tailor-made to raise awareness regarding food waste. (每道菜都是精心设计的,以提高人们对食物浪费的认识)”可知,Blue Hill餐厅进行这个实验,将菜单改为只提供原本会被扔掉的食物,是为了提高公众对食物浪费的认识。故选B。
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34. What is paragraph 5 mainly about?
A. Why the ingredients were used.
B. Which dishes were best liked.
C. What the dishes were made of.
D. Where the ingredients were bought.
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段落大意题。根据文章第五段“It should be noted that none of the items on wastED’s menu was technically made from garbage. Instead, all the ingredients (配料) used were examples of meat cuts and produce that most restaurants would never consider serving. Things like kale ribs, fish collars, rejected sweet potatoes, and cucumber butts were all re-appropriated and, with the help of a number of good chefs, turned into excellent cuisine. (值得注意的是,wastED
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的菜单上的所有菜品严格来说没有一项是由垃圾制成的。相反,所有使用的食材都是大多数餐馆永远不会考虑供应的肉类部位和农产品。羽衣甘蓝茎、鱼颈肉、被挑拣的红薯和黄瓜蒂等东西都被重新利用,在许多优秀厨师的助力下,变成了美味的菜肴)”可知,本段主要介绍了wastED菜单上的菜品所用的配料,如羽衣甘蓝茎、鱼颈肉、被挑拣的红薯和黄瓜蒂等,所以本段主要讲的是这些菜肴是由什么做成的。故选C。
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35. What can we learn about wastED?
A. It has ended as planned.
B. It is creating new jobs.
C. It has regained popularity.
D. It is criticized by top chefs.
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推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“Though wastED received enthusiastic reviews, it was designed from the start as a short-lived experiment; Blue Hill has since returned to its regular menu. (尽管 wastED 餐厅收获了热烈好评,但它从一开始就被设计为短期实验项目;此后,Blue Hill 餐厅已回归常规菜单)”可知,wastED从一开始就被设计为短期实验,现在餐厅已恢复常规菜单,从而推断,实验项目“wastED”已经按计划结束了。故选A。
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第五篇 (2024新高考Ⅰ卷)
C
Is comprehension the same whether a person
reads a text onscreen or on paper? And are
listening to and viewing content as effective as
reading the written word when covering the same
material? The answers to both questions are
often “no”. The reasons relate to a variety of factors,including reduced concentration,an entertainment mindset (心态) and a tendency to multitask while consuming digital content.
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When reading texts of several hundred words or more,learning is generally more successful when it’s on paper than onscreen. A large amount of research confirms this finding. The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks—like identifying the main idea in a reading passage—to ones that require mental abstraction—such as drawing inferences from a text.
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The differences between print and digital reading results are partly related to paper’s physical properties. With paper,there is a literal laying on of hands,along with the visual geography of distinct pages. People often link their memory of what they’ve read to how far into the book it was or where it was on the page.
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But equally important is the mental aspect. Reading researchers have proposed a theory called “shallowing hypothesis (假说)”. According to this theory,people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media,which are often not so serious,and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print.
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Audio (音频) and video can feel more engaging than text and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies—say,assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person. However,psychologists have demonstrated that when adults read news stories,they remember more of the content than if they listen to or view identical pieces.
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Digital texts,audio and video all have educational roles,especially when providing resources not available in print. However,for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for,educators shouldn’t assume all media are the same,even when they contain identical words.
【解析】本文是一篇议论文。主要讨论了纸质阅读与数字阅读、音频和视频学习方式的差异和效果。
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28. What does the underlined phrase “shine through” in paragraph 2 mean?
A. Seem unlikely to last.
B. Seem hard to explain.
C. Become ready to use.
D. Become easy to notice.
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词句猜测题。根据前文“When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful when it’s on paper than onscreen. A large amount of research confirms this finding.(当阅读几百字或更多的文本时,在纸上学习通常比在屏幕上学习更成功。大量的研究证实了这一发现)”可知,在纸上学习更有成效,以及后文“when experimenters move from posing simple tasks—like identifying the main idea in a reading passage—to ones that require
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mental abstraction—such as drawing inferences from a text.[当实验人员从提出简单的任务(如识别阅读文章的主旨)转移到需要思维抽象的任务(如从文本中推断)时]”推知,此处应是表达“当实验者从简单的任务转向需要精神抽象的任务时,纸质阅读的益处就变得显而易见”之意,所以shine through应是“显而易见”之意,和D项意思相近。故选D。
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29. What does the shallowing hypothesis assume?
A. Readers treat digital texts lightly.
B. Digital texts are simpler to understand.
C. People select digital texts randomly.
D. Digital texts are suitable for social media.
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推理判断题。根据第四段“But equally important is the mental aspect. Reading researchers have proposed a theory called ‘shallowing hypothesis (假说)’. According to this theory, people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media, which are often not so serious, and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print.(但同样重要的是精神层面。阅读研究人员提出了一个名为‘shallowing hypothesis’的理论。根据这一理论,人们以适合社交媒体的心态接触数字文本,这些文本通常不那么严肃,与阅读印刷品时相比,投入的精神努力也更少)”可知,“shallowing hypothesis”假设读者在阅读数字文本时会持有一种轻松的心态,不会像阅读纸质书籍那样投入太多的心理努力。故选A。
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30. Why are audio and video increasingly used by university teachers?
A. They can hold students’ attention.
B. They are more convenient to prepare.
C. They help develop advanced skills.
D. They are more informative than text.
答案
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细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Audio (音频) and video can feel more engaging than text, and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies—say, assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person.(音频和视频可能比文本更具吸引力,因此大学教师越来越多地转向这些技术,例如布置在线讲座而不是同一作者的文章任务)”可知,音频和视频比文本更能吸引学生的注意力,所以大学教师越来越多地使用这些技术。故选A。
解析
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31. What does the author imply in the last paragraph?
A. Students should apply multiple learning techniques.
B. Teachers should produce their own teaching material.
C. Print texts cannot be entirely replaced in education.
D. Education outside the classroom cannot be ignored.
答案
√
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推理判断题。根据最后一段“Digital texts, audio and video all have educational roles, especially when providing resources not available in print. However, for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for, educators shouldn’t assume all media are the same, even when they contain identical words.(数字文本、音频和视频都 具有教育作用,尤其是在提供印刷品中无法获得的资源时。 然而,为了在需要精神集中和反思的情况下最大限度地学习,
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教育工作者不应假定所有媒体都是相同的,即使它们包含相同的单词)”可知,尽管数字文本、音频和视频在教育中有一定作用,但当需要精神集中和反思以最大化学习时,教育者不应假定所有媒体都是相同的,即使它们包含相同的单词。这表明作者认为纸质文本在教育中的作用仍然不可替代,因此暗示纸质文本在教育中的重要性。故选C。
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第六篇(2024新高考Ⅰ卷)
D
In the race to document the species on Earth
before they go extinct,researchers and citizen
scientists have collected billions of records.
Today,most records of biodiversity are often in
the form of photos,videos,and other digital
records. Though they are useful for detecting shifts in the number and variety of species in an area,a new Stanford study has found that this type of record is not perfect.
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“With the rise of technology it is easy for people to make observations of different species with the aid of a mobile application,” said Barnabas Daru,who is lead author of the study and assistant professor of biology in the Stanford School of Humanities and Sciences. “These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens (标本),and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change,I wanted to know: Are they usable?”
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Using a global dataset of 1.9 billion records of plants,insects,birds,and animals,Daru and his team tested how well these data represent actual global biodiversity patterns.
“We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias (使有偏差) data,like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it,” said Daru.
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Their study revealed that the large number of observation-only records did not lead to better global coverage. Moreover,these data are biased and favor certain regions,time periods,and species. This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby. These data are also biased toward certain species with attractive or eye-catching features.
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What can we do with the imperfect datasets of biodiversity?
“Quite a lot,” Daru explained. “Biodiversity apps can use our study results to inform users of oversampled areas and lead them to places—and even species—that are not well-sampled. To improve the quality of observational data,biodiversity apps can also encourage users to have an expert confirm the identification of their uploaded image.”
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【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了斯坦福大学的一项研究发现,数字生物多样性记录存在偏见,建议应用程序引导公民科学家获取更好的数据。
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32. What do we know about the records of species collected now?
A. They are becoming outdated.
B. They are mostly in electronic form.
C. They are limited in number.
D. They are used for public exhibition.
解析
答案
细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Today, most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos, videos, and other digital records. (今天,大多数生物多样性的记录通常以照片、视频和其他数字记录的形式出现)”可知,现在收集的物种记录大多是以电子形式存在的。故选B。
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33. What does Daru’s study focus on?
A. Threatened species.
B. Physical specimens.
C. Observational data.
D. Mobile applications.
答案
√
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细节理解题。根据第二段中的“These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens (标本), and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change, I wanted to know: Are they usable? (这些观察结果现在超过了来自物理标本的原始数据,而且由于我们越来越多地使用观察数据来研究物种如何应对全球变化,我想知道:它们有用吗)”和第四段“‘We were particularly
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interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias (使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it,’ said Daru. (Daru说:‘我们特别感兴趣的是探索取样容易产生数据偏差的方面,比如公民科学家更有可能拍摄开花植物的照片,而不是它旁边的草。’)”可知,Daru的研究聚焦于观察数据,即人们通过移动应用记录的物种观察数据。故选C。
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34. What has led to the biases according to the study?
A. Mistakes in data analysis.
B. Poor quality of uploaded pictures.
C. Improper way of sampling.
D. Unreliable data collection devices.
答案
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细节理解题。根据第四段“‘We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias (使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it,’ said Daru. (Daru说:‘我们特别感兴趣的是探索取样容易产生数据偏差的方面,比如公民科学家更有可能拍摄开花植物的照片,而不是它旁边的草。’)”以及第五段中的“This makes sense because the people who get observational
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biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby.( 这是有道理的,因为在移动设备上获得观察生物多样性数据的人通常是公民科学家,他们记录了他们在附近地区与物种的接触)”可知,导致数据偏差的原因是采样方式的不当。故选C。
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