专题04 阅读理解（议论文、新闻报道）（期中真题汇编，山东专用）高二英语下学期

专题04 阅读理解（议论文、新闻报道） 主题01 人与社会——历史、社会与文化 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二下·山东省菏泽市·期中） A 12-minute piece of music composed by Mozart has been discovered in a library in Germany. Researchers think the composer wrote the previously unknown piece-called Serenade in C-when he was a young teenager. The composition was found in the holdings of Germany’s Leipzig Municipal Libraries-some 280 miles north of Salzburg, Austria, where Mozart was born in 1756. Although Mozart wrote this piece when he was only a teenager, it was not uncommon for him to write music in his childhood. Mozart began to perform around Austria from the age of five and shortly afterwards became famous as a composer. Mozart probably wrote the recently discovered composition between the mid and late 1760s, according to a statement from the Leipzig Municipal Libraries. Library researchers were compiling (编辑) an edition of the Kochel catalog, a collection of Mozart’s works, when they came across a mysterious bound manuscript (装订好的手稿) containing a handwritten composition in brown ink. The composition is thought to have been written by Mozart. The handwriting, however, is not Mozart’s, suggesting that the manuscript is a copy of the original composition. The researchers think it was made around 1780. The researchers say the music fits stylistically with other works from the 1760s, when Mozart was between the ages of 10 and13. The young composer was no longer creating pieces that sounded like this one by the time he was in his late teens. In his early years, Mozart wrote many chamber works like Serenade in C, which his father recorded on a list of his son’s compositions. Many of these works were thought to have been lost to history. Luckily, this particular piece was saved–thanks to the composer’ s sister. “It looks as if a complete string trio (二重奏曲) has survived in Leipzig,” Leisinger, a worker from the International Mozarteum Foundation, says. “The source was obviously Mozart’s sister, who perhaps preserved the work in memory of her brother.” 1．What does the second paragraph intend to show about Mozart? A．His talent at a young age. B．His connection to Salzburg. C．His preference for performing. D．His popularity all around the world. 2．On what basis do the researchers date Serenade in C? A．The title of the composition. B．The style of the composition. C．The number in the Kochel catalog. D．The color of the ink used in the copy. 3．Why is Mozart’s sister mentioned? A．She had a positive influence on Mozart. B．She was the first to perform Serenade in C. C． She helped Mozart compose Serenade in C. D．She was the one who preserved Serenade in C. 4．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．Mozart’s Works Need Updating. B．Mozart’s Works Attract New Attention. C．A Lost Mozart Composition Was Discovered. D．Researchers Uncovered the Early Life of Mozart. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了在德国一家图书馆发现了一首由莫扎特创作的、之前不为人知的12分钟音乐作品——《C大调小夜曲》，并介绍了该作品的发现过程、创作时间推测以及相关背景信息。 1．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“The composition was found in the holdings of Germany’s Leipzig Municipal Libraries-some 280 miles north of Salzburg, Austria, where Mozart was born in 1756. Although Mozart wrote this piece when he was only a teenager, it was not uncommon for him to write music in his childhood. Mozart began to perform around Austria from the age of five and shortly afterwards became famous as a composer.(这段乐曲是在德国莱比锡市立图书馆的馆藏中被发现的。莱比锡位于奥地利萨尔茨堡以北约280英里处，莫扎特于1756年出生在萨尔茨堡。尽管莫扎特创作这首曲子时只是个青少年，但他在童年时期就开始创作音乐并非罕见之事。莫扎特从五岁起就在奥地利各地演出，不久后便以作曲家的身份声名远扬。)”可知，这首曲子是在德国莱比锡市立图书馆发现的，虽然莫扎特创作这首曲子时是青少年，但他童年就开始创作音乐并不罕见，他从五岁起就在奥地利各地演出，不久后以作曲家身份出名。由此可知，第二段意在展示莫扎特年轻时的天赋。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“The researchers say the music fits stylistically with other works from the 1760s, when Mozart was between the ages of 10 and13.(研究人员表示，从风格上看，这段音乐与18世纪60年代的其他作品相符，当时莫扎特的年龄在10岁到13岁之间。)”可知，研究人员认为从风格上看，这首曲子与18世纪60年代莫扎特10到13岁时的其他作品相符，所以是根据曲子的风格来确定其创作时间的。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Luckily, this particular piece was saved–thanks to the composer’ s sister. “It looks as if a complete string trio (二重奏曲) has survived in Leipzig,” Leisinger, a worker from the International Mozarteum Foundation, says. “The source was obviously Mozart’s sister, who perhaps preserved the work in memory of her brother.”(幸运的是，多亏了作曲家的妹妹，这首特别的乐曲得以保存下来。国际莫扎特基金会的工作人员Leisinger说：“看起来，一首完整的弦乐三重奏在莱比锡留存了下来。其来源显然是莫扎特的妹妹，她或许是为了纪念哥哥才保存了这部作品。”)”可知，多亏了作曲家的妹妹，这首特别的乐曲得以保存下来。国际莫扎特基金会的工作人员Leisinger说，看起来一首完整的弦乐三重奏在莱比锡留存了下来，其来源显然是莫扎特的妹妹，她或许是为了纪念哥哥才保存了这部作品。由此可知，提到莫扎特的妹妹是因为她是保存《C 大调小夜曲》的人。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章内容可知，文章开篇点明莫扎特的一段12分钟的音乐在德国一家图书馆被发现，接着围绕这首被发现的乐曲，介绍了发现的地点、推测的创作时间、发现的过程以及乐曲能留存下来的原因等，主要讲述的是一首曾失传的莫扎特的乐曲被发现的事情。选项C“A Lost Mozart Composition Was Discovered(一首失传的莫扎特的乐曲被发现了)”准确概括了文章的主要内容，符合文章围绕这首被发现的乐曲展开叙述的主旨。故选C。 Passage 2 （24-25高二下·浙江省六校联盟·期中） More than 20,000 ready-to-cook fotiaoqiang have been exported to the United States and Canada, marking the first international shipment for Juchunyuan, a time-honored Chinese food brand. Fotiaoqiang, also known as “Buddha Jumps over the Wall”, gets its name from a legend that its irresistible scent could tempt even a vegetarian Buddha to leap over a wall for a taste. This luxurious dish mixes expensive ingredients like abalone (鲍鱼), chicken, and mushrooms, which are slow-cooked for hours or even days to blend rich flavors. Dating back to the reign of Emperor Tongzhi (1862-1875) of the Qing Dynasty, it is often served at special events, symbolizing wealth and hospitality. The original recipe was created at Juchunyuan restaurant in Fuzhou, the capital city of Fujian. “For many overseas Chinese, fotiaoqiang is a must at Spring Festival feasts,” said Wang Yue, deputy general manager of Fuzhou Juchunyuan Group. Now, they are processed following the standards for ready-to-cook foods and then, they are distributed via a cold chain system. This keeps the traditional flavor preserved. It would have been very difficult to make and export Chinese delicacies like fotiaoqiang in large quantities due to the complexity of the traditional cooking method. The maturing of the ready-to-cooking food business has presented new opportunities for Chinese catering (饮食) companies to break into overseas markets, according to Wang. There are around 60 million overseas Chinese worldwide. This means there is huge potential for the export of Chinese foods. China’s abundant supply of agricultural produce, rich food culture, stable industry and supply chain, and policy support from local authorities in recent years, have collectively laid solid groundwork for taking ready-to-cook Chinese foods globally. In June, Fujian province hosted a special event for more than 40 suppliers. They were able to connect both online and offline with representatives of over 10 buyers from the US and Canada. This will help take the country’s food culture further to the world. 1．What can be learned about fotiaoqiang in the first two paragraphs? A．It was initially served in court. B．It has a fascinating religious origin. C．It is a dish with unique cultural identity. D．It mirrors a dialogue between different cultures. 2．What is the main challenge in exporting fotiaoqiang in large quantities? A．High costs of expensive ingredients. B．Limited cold chain technology. C．Less acceptance by vegetarian consumers. D．Technical complexity of cooking methods. 3．What does the underlined word “collectively” in the fourth paragraph mean? A．Jointly. B．Literally. C．Sincerely. D．Thoroughly. 4．What’s the passage mainly about? A．The cultural heritage value of Fujian’s iconic dish. B．The challenges of preserving traditional cooking skills. C．The global expansion of Chinese ready-to-cook foods. D．Authorities’ support in boosting regional food exports. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了中国传统美食“佛跳墙”首次出口到美国和加拿大的事件，介绍了佛跳墙的历史、制作方法和文化意义，以及中国餐饮企业如何借助即食食品业务的发展机遇进军海外市场。 1．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“More than 20,000 ready-to-cook fotiaoqiang have been exported to the United States and Canada, marking the first international shipment for Juchunyuan, a time-honored Chinese food brand.(两万多份即食佛跳墙已出口至美国和加拿大，这标志着中国老字号食品品牌聚春园首次实现了国际化出货。)”可知，佛跳墙是中国老字号食品品牌聚春园的产品。而第二段“Fotiaoqiang, also known as “Buddha Jumps over the Wall”, gets its name from a legend that its irresistible scent could tempt even a vegetarian Buddha to leap over a wall for a taste. This luxurious dish mixes expensive ingredients like abalone(鲍鱼), chicken, and mushrooms, which are slow-cooked for hours or even days to blend rich flavors. Dating back to the reign of Emperor Tongzhi(1862-1875) of the Qing Dynasty, it is often served at special events, symbolizing wealth and hospitality. The original recipe was created at Juchunyuan restaurant in Fuzhou, the capital city of Fujian. (佛跳墙，又名“Buddha Jumps over the Wall”，其得名源于一个传说，即它那令人难以抗拒的香味甚至能诱惑一位吃素的佛祖翻墙来品尝。这道奢华的菜肴融合了鲍鱼、鸡肉和蘑菇等昂贵食材，经过数小时甚至数天的慢炖，让浓郁的味道充分交融。这道菜的历史可以追溯到清朝同治年间（1862年至1875年），常常出现在特殊场合，象征着富足和好客。其最初的配方是由福建省会福州的聚春园饭店创制的。)”则指出佛跳墙名字源于传说，食材昂贵，烹饪时间长，历史可追溯到清朝同治年间，常在特殊场合出现，象征富足和好客，且最初由福州聚春园饭店创制。这些都体现了佛跳墙独特的文化内涵。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“It would have been very difficult to make and export Chinese delicacies like fotiaoqiang in large quantities due to the complexity of the traditional cooking method. (由于传统烹饪方法复杂，过去大量制作并出口像佛跳墙这样的中华美食是非常困难的。)”可知，由于佛跳墙传统烹饪方法复杂，很难大量制作并出口这种中国美食，所以大量出口佛跳墙的主要挑战是烹饪方法的技术复杂性。故选D。 3．词句猜测题。根据划线单词所在句“China’s abundant supply of agricultural produce, rich food culture, stable industry and supply chain, and policy support from local authorities in recent years, have collectively laid solid groundwork for taking ready-to-cook Chinese foods globally. (中国丰富的农产品供应、深厚的饮食文化、稳定的产业和供应链，以及近年来地方政府的政策支持，……为将即食中餐推向全球奠定了坚实的基础。)”可推测，中国丰富的农产品供应、丰富的饮食文化、稳定的产业和供应链以及当地政府近年来的政策支持一起为中国即食食品走向全球奠定了坚实的基础。划线单词的意思和“共同地、一起地”相关。选项A“jointly”，意为“共同地”，与此相符。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章内容可知，文章开篇指出两万多份即食佛跳墙出口至美国和加拿大，标志着聚春园这一老字号品牌首次国际化出货。接着介绍了佛跳墙的背景、特点以及传统烹饪方式的复杂，还提到即食食品行业的成熟为中国餐饮企业打入海外市场带来新机遇。随后说明全球海外华人数量众多，中国在农产品供应、饮食文化、产业和供应链以及政策支持等方面的优势为即食中餐走向全球奠定基础，最后举例福建省举办活动助力食品出口。整体围绕中国即食食品的海外拓展展开。故选C。 Passage 3 （24-25高二下·浙江省钱塘联盟·期中） A Dutch museum has recovered an artwork that looks like two empty beer cans after a staff member accidentally threw it in the rubbish bin. The work, entitled All the Good Times We Spent Together by the French artist Alexandre Lavet, appears on first glance to be two abandoned and dented (瘪的) beer tins. However, a closer look shows they are carefully hand-painted and required a lot of time and effort to create. Their artistic value was lost on a mechanic, who saw them displayed in a lift and threw them in the bin. The curator (馆长) Elisah van den Bergh returned from a short break and noticed the cans had disappeared. She recovered them from a bin bag just as they were about to be thrown out. Froukje Budding, of the LAM museum in Lisse, western Netherlands, said artworks were often left in unusual places—hence the display in a lift. “We try to surprise visitors for all the time,” she said. “We have now put the work in a more traditional place on a plinth (底座) so it can rest after its adventure.” She stressed there were no hard feelings towards the mechanic, who had just started at the museum, stating that he was simply performing his duties. Sietske van Zanten, the museum’s director, emphasized the museum’s mission to encourage visitors to see everyday objects in a new light. “By displaying artworks in unexpected places, we enhance this experience and keep visitors on their toes,” he added. Budding also noted the cans were unlikely to stay on their traditional plinth for long and that they needed to think hard about a careful place to put them next. 1．Why did the mechanic throw the artwork in the rubbish bin? A．Because it stood in the way. B．Because it took much space. C．Because it looked like real trash. D．Because it looked strange in the lift. 2．What was Budding’s attitude toward the mechanic’s behavior? A．Understanding. B．Concerned. C．Critical. D．Unforgiving. 3．What does the underlined phrase in paragraph 4 mean? A．Make visitors ready for surprises. B．Remind visitors of dangers. C．Warn visitors not to litter. D．Show visitors around the museum. 4．What might happen to the artwork in the future? A．It will be kept in a safe. B．It will be put in a selected place. C．It will be sent back to the lift. D．It will be placed in a traditional setting. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文是新闻报道。文章主要讲述荷兰某博物馆一件形似两个空啤酒罐的艺术品被误当垃圾丢弃，后经找回并重新考虑其展示位置的故事。同时介绍了博物馆在艺术品展示方面的理念。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“The work, entitled All the Good Times We Spent Together by the French artist Alexandre Lavet, appears on first glance to be two abandoned and dented (瘪的) beer tins. However, a closer look shows they are carefully hand-painted and required a lot of time and effort to create. Their artistic value was lost on a mechanic, who saw them displayed in a lift and threw them in the bin.(这件由法国艺术家亚历山大・拉韦（Alexandre Lavet）创作、名为《我们一起度过的美好时光》的作品，乍一看像是两个被丢弃且瘪了的啤酒罐。然而，仔细观察就会发现，它们是精心手绘而成的，创作过程耗费了大量的时间和精力。但一名机械师却没有意识到它们的艺术价值，他看到这些作品在电梯里展出，便把它们扔进了垃圾桶)”可知，法国艺术家 Alexandre Lavet 的这件作品乍一看像是两个被遗弃且瘪掉的啤酒罐，机械师没有意识到其艺术价值，所以把它当作垃圾扔掉了。也就是说，机械师把艺术品扔进垃圾桶是因为它看起来像真正的垃圾。故选 C项。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段“Froukje Budding, of the LAM museum in Lisse, western Netherlands, said artworks were often left in unusual places—hence the display in a lift.(来自荷兰西部利斯镇拉穆博物馆（LAM museum）的弗鲁克耶・巴丁（Froukje Budding）表示，艺术品常常被放置在不寻常的地方 —— 这就是它被放在电梯里展出的原因。)”和本段“She stressed there were no hard feelings towards the mechanic, who had just started at the museum, stating that he was simply performing his duties. (她（Froukje Budding）强调，她对这位刚到博物馆工作的机械师没有不满情绪，还表示他只是在履行自己的工作职责)”可知，Budding 强调对刚到博物馆工作的机械师没有不满情绪，并且表示他只是在履行自己的工作职责，即他看到这些作品在电梯里展出，便把它们扔进了垃圾桶（见小题1详解）。由此可以推断出，Budding 对机械师的行为持理解的态度。故选 A项。 3．词句猜测题。根据第四段“Sietske van Zanten, the museum’s director, emphasized the museum’s mission to encourage visitors to see everyday objects in a new light. ‘By displaying artworks in unexpected places, we enhance this experience and keep visitors on their toes,’ he added.(博物馆馆长西茨克・范赞滕（Sietske van Zanten）强调了博物馆的使命，即鼓励游客以新的视角看待日常物品。“通过在意想不到的地方展示艺术品，我们增强了这种体验，并让游客保持警觉，”他补充道)”可知，博物馆馆长 Sietske van Zanten 强调博物馆的使命是鼓励游客以新的视角看待日常物品，通过在意想不到的地方展示艺术品来增强这种体验。“keep visitors on their toes”所在句子与前文提到的“displaying artworks in unexpected places(在意想不到的地方展示艺术品)”相呼应，结合语境可知，该短语意思是让游客为可能出现的惊喜做好准备，时刻保持期待和警觉。故选A项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Budding also noted the cans were unlikely to stay on their traditional plinth for long and that they needed to think hard about a careful place to put them next(巴丁（Budding）还指出，这些啤酒罐不太可能长时间放在传统的底座上，而且他们需要认真思考接下来把它们放置在一个合适的地方)”可知，Budding 指出这些啤酒罐不太可能长时间放在传统的底座上，并且他们需要认真思考接下来把它们放置在一个合适的地方。由此可以推断出，这件艺术品未来可能会被放置在一个经过精心挑选的地方。故选B项。 主题02 人与社会——社会进步与科技创新 Passage 1 （24-25高二下·山东青岛·期中） The introduction of artificial intelligence (AI) into healthcare has been regarded as a breakthrough for its potential to enhance diagnostic (诊断) speed and accuracy. However, a groundbreaking 2024 MIT study exposes a troubling reality: AI systems designed to detect diseases like cancer may accidentally cause health care inequalities due to biased (有偏见的) training data. Dr. Elena Torres, the study’s lead researcher, emphasizes that AI algorithms (算法) trained on datasets from urban, high-income hospitals often fail to account for the diversity of different groups of people. “For example,” she notes, “skin cancer detection models achieve 95% accuracy for light-skinned patients but drop to 62% for darker skin tones. This difference comes from training images not including enough diverse groups of people — less than 10% of skin databases have diverse data of different groups of people.” To quantify this bias, Torres’s team analyzed 4.3 million medical records and imaging datasets from 32 countries, spanning 2010–2023. Their findings revealed clear imbalances: 82% of data originated from North America and Europe, while African and South Asian regions contributed only 6%. Consequently, AI models struggled to recognize tropical diseases like cutaneous leishmaniasis, which mainly affect low-income populations. The study further identified “diagnostic prioritization bias.” Algorithms trained on Western data overly flagged common conditions (c. g., breast cancer) but failed to notice rare genetic disorders found in specific communities. In one trial, an AI system misdiagnosed 30% of sickle cell anemia cases in rural Kenyan clinics due to insufficient training examples. The MIT team suggests three steps to solve the problem: sharing data worldwide to make training materials more diverse, checking for bias during AI development, and creating algorithms that can adapt to local health trends. As Torres concludes, “Fair AI is not only right — it’s medically necessary.” 1．What is the central issue discussed in the study? A．High expenses of rural health care. B．Doctors’ resistance to AI adoption. C．Technical limitations of AI hardware. D．Unfair data causing diagnostic errors. 2．What contributes to the difference in AI algorithms’ accuracy rates? A．The lack of diverse training data. B．The complexity of AI algorithms. C．The focus on urban populations in research. D．Public bias towards urban high-income hospitals. 3．The term “diagnostic prioritization bias” in paragraph 4 refers to ______ . A．overemphasizing rare diseases B．traditional diagnosis methods C．relying too much on genetic testing D．overlooking region-specific illnesses 4．What does the MIT team advise in the last paragraph? A．How to improve the overall efficiency of AI systems. B．How to address the challenges of biased AI in health care. C．Ways of ensuring the proper use of AI in medical applications. D．Ways of promoting global cooperation in data science research. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文是新闻报道。报道了麻省理工学院（MIT）2024年的一项关于人工智能在医疗领域应用的研究，该研究揭示的人工智能系统因训练数据存在偏见而可能加剧医疗不平等的问题。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“However, a groundbreaking 2024 MIT study exposes a troubling reality: AI systems designed to detect diseases like cancer may accidentally cause health care inequalities due to biased (有偏见的) training data.(然而，麻省理工学院2024年的一项突破性研究揭示了一个令人不安的现实：设计用于检测癌症等疾病的人工智能系统可能会由于有偏见的训练数据而意外导致医疗保健不平等)”可知，研究中讨论的中心问题是不公平的数据导致诊断错误。故选D项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“Dr. Elena Torres, the study’s lead researcher, emphasizes that AI algorithms (算法) trained on datasets from urban, high-income hospitals often fail to account for the diversity of different groups of people. “For example,” she notes, “skin cancer detection models achieve 95% accuracy for light-skinned patients but drop to 62% for darker skin tones. This difference comes from training images not including enough diverse groups of people — less than 10% of skin databases have diverse data of different groups of people.”(该研究的首席研究员Elena Torres博士强调，在城市高收入医院的数据集上训练的人工智能算法往往无法考虑到不同人群的多样性。“例如，”她指出，“皮肤癌检测模型对浅肤色患者的准确率为95%，但对深肤色患者的准确率则降至62%。这种差异来自于训练图像没有包括足够多的不同人群——不到10%的皮肤数据库拥有不同人群的不同数据。”)”可知，因为缺乏多样化的训练数据，所以导致了人工智能算法准确率的差异。故选A项。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段“Algorithms trained on Western data overly flagged common conditions (c. g., breast cancer) but failed to notice rare genetic disorders found in specific communities. In one trial, an AI system misdiagnosed 30%of sickle cell anemia cases in rural Kenyan clinics due to insufficient training examples.(基于西方数据训练的算法过度标记了常见疾病（如乳腺癌），但未能注意到特定社区中发现的罕见遗传疾病。在一项试验中，由于训练样本不足，人工智能系统误诊了肯尼亚农村诊所30%的镰状细胞性贫血病例)”可知，“diagnostic prioritization bias”指忽视特定区域疾病。故选D项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The MIT team suggests three steps to solve the problem: sharing data worldwide to make training materials more diverse, checking for bias during AI development, and creating algorithms that can adapt to local health trends. As Torres concludes, “Fair AI is not only right — it’s medically necessary.”(麻省理工学院的研究小组提出了解决问题的三个步骤：在全球范围内共享数据，使培训材料更加多样化，在人工智能开发过程中检查偏见，以及创建能够适应当地健康趋势的算法。正如Torres总结的那样，“公平的AI不仅是正确的，而且在医学上是必要的。”)”可知，麻省理工团队在最后一段给出了关于如何应对医疗保健中有偏见的人工智能带来的挑战的建议。故选B项。 Passage 2 （24-25高二下·浙江省杭州市余杭区学军海创园·期中） A recent survey found children would rather be online influencers (网红) than astronauts. It made headlines and led to plenty of complaints about “kids these days”. Is influencing a promising career path? The lifestyles we see advertised on social media are enticing, but under the shining appearance lie uncertain income, pay inequality, disability and mental health issues. Successful influencers will be the first to claim that anyone can make it in the industry. However, social media economy experts uncovered a huge income gap between successful influencers and everyone else. For most people trying to become an influencer, their passion projects of content creation often become free work for brands. Most influencers are self-employed, often experiencing inconsistent income and a lack of protection that comes with long-term employment. The risks of self-employment are increased in the influencer industry by an absence of industry standards and little pay transparency. Influencers are often forced to assess their own value and determine fees for their work. As a result, content creators often undervalue their own creative labour, and many end up working for free. Influencers are also often at the mercy of algorithms — the behind-the-scenes computer programs that determine which posts are shown, in which order, to users. Platforms share little detail about their algorithms, yet they finally determine who and what gains visibility and influence on social media. The threat of invisibility is a constant source of insecurity for influencers, who are under constant pressure to feed platforms with content. If they don’t, they may be “punished” by the algorithm — having posts hidden or displayed lower down on search results. Constant online presence leads to one of the most common issues in the influencer industry: mental health concerns. Influencers can connect to their platform workspaces and audience at any time of day or night, which can lead to them overworking. Coupled with the fear of online criticism, it contributes to mental and physical health issues. Although becoming an influencer may look appealing to more and more people, the industry’s dark underside needs to be made visible and improved through enhanced employment regulation and industry-led cultural change. 1．Which of the following words cans replace “enticing” in Paragraph 1? A．Imaginative. B．Similar. C．Attractive. D．Traditional. 2．What’s one of the reasons for influencers’ undervaluing their creative work? A．Standardized protection. B．Invisibility of payment. C．Assessment of own work. D．Passion for content creation. 3．What may cause the influencers’ stress according to Paragraph 4? A．Having to work out the order of posts to be displayed. B．Finding it difficult to create new content constantly. C．Having little knowledge of platform algorithms. D．Being unequally punished by platforms. 4．Why does the author write this text? A．To show the dark side of working as an online content creator. B．To reveal relationships between platforms and influencers. C．To stress the importance of visibility in the online world. D．To describe the life of self-employed content creators. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．C 4．A 【导语】本文体裁为议论文，文章大意是讨论了网红作为一种职业的吸引力及其背后的挑战和问题。 1．词句猜测题。由文章第一段中“The lifestyles we see advertised on social media are enticing, but under the shining appearance lie uncertain income, pay inequality, disability and mental health issues. (我们在社交媒体上看到的那些网红宣传的生活方式很enticing，但在这光鲜亮丽的外表之下，存在着收入不稳定、薪酬不平等、身体伤残以及心理健康等问题。)”可知，网光鲜亮丽的外表说明网红宣传的生活方式很诱人，enticing的意思是“诱人的，吸引人的”。可以用Attractive“吸引人的”来替换。故选C。 2．细节理解题。由文章第三段中“The risks of self-employment are increased in the influencer industry by an absence of industry standards and little pay transparency. Influencers are often forced to assess their own value and determine fees for their work. As a result, content creators often undervalue their own creative labour, and many end up working for free. (由于网红行业缺乏行业标准，薪酬透明度也很低，个体经营的风险在这个行业里进一步增加了。网红们常常不得不自己评估自身价值，并确定自己工作的报酬。结果，内容创作者们常常低估自己的创造性劳动价值，很多人最终都是无偿工作。)”可知，第三段指出行业缺乏薪酬透明度（little pay transparency），导致创作者需自行评估劳动价值，最终低估自身工作，说明网红低估自己创作价值的原因之一是薪酬不透明。故选B。 3．细节理解题。由文章第四段中“Influencers are also often at the mercy of algorithms — the behind-the-scenes computer programs that determine which posts are shown, in which order, to users. Platforms share little detail about their algorithms, yet they finally determine who and what gains visibility and influence on social media. The threat of invisibility is a constant source of insecurity for influencers, who are under constant pressure to feed platforms with content. (网红们还常常受算法的支配 —— 算法就是幕后的计算机程序，它们决定着哪些帖子会展示给用户，以及展示的顺序。社交媒体平台很少透露其算法的细节，但这些算法最终决定了在社交媒体上谁以及什么内容能获得关注和影响力。对于网红们来说，可能会被算法忽视的威胁一直是他们不安全感的来源，他们一直承受着要不断为平台提供内容的压力。)”可知，第四段强调平台不公开算法细节，创作者因无法预测内容曝光机制而被迫持续产出内容，导致压力，说明网红压力的来源之一是对平台算法缺乏了解。故选C。 4．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第一段中“The lifestyles we see advertised on social media are enticing, but under the shining appearance lie uncertain income, pay inequality, disability and mental health issues. (我们在社交媒体上看到的那些网红所宣传的生活方式很诱人，但在光鲜亮丽的外表之下，存在着收入不稳定、薪酬不平等、身体损伤以及心理健康等问题。)”和最后一段“Although becoming an influencer may look appealing to more and more people, the industry’s dark underside needs to be made visible and improved through enhanced employment regulation and industry-led cultural change. (尽管成为网红对越来越多的人来说可能很有吸引力，但这个行业的阴暗面需要被曝光，并且需要通过加强就业监管和行业引领的文化变革来加以改善。)”可知，文章通过分析网红职业的吸引力及其背后的挑战，揭示了这一行业的负面影响，例如收入不稳定、算法控制、心理健康问题等。因此，作者写作的目的是展示作为在线内容创作者的黑暗面。故选A。 Passage 3 （24-25高二下·浙江省温州十校·期中） Automatic kitchens aren’t just sci-fi scenes from shows like Star Trek (《星际迷航》).Currently, robots are being used to fry chicken, create pizzas, prepare salads and much more. AI can invent recipes based on what a kitchen has. More advanced concepts are in development to automate kitchens for fine dining. Since technology tends to be expensive at first, restaurants and other businesses are the first to adopt AI kitchen technologies. Over time, prices are likely to fall, making these technologies accessible to the home market and potentially changing how homes and society function. The benefits of AI kitchens include enabling cooks to avoid boring tasks, such as peeling potatoes or standing at a workstation for hours. It can free up time, allowing people to focus on more important tasks. For personalized eating, AI can fit countless special diets and tastes on demand. However, there are risks to human well-being. Cooking is a good activity which helps with communication and self-expression, but these benefits can be decreased if the human element becomes unnecessary. In this way, family relationships might suffer without the cooperative kitchen environment. Furthermore, the kitchen serves as a science laboratory in the household, playing an important role in science education. The art of cooking helps kids to learn about materials, chemistry and problem-solving. Cultural risks must also be considered. For example, AI could mess up traditional recipes and methods, as it often stereotypes (把……模式化) or oversimplifies cultural details. This may result in AI and robot cooks producing less diverse dishes. Relying too heavily on technology in meal creation may result in a lack of variety, leading to the sameness in taste. This is similar to the strikingly similar appearance of AI-generated art images across different apps. Convenience can come at a great cost, so it’s important to consider the possible social disruptions (扰乱) that new technologies might bring, especially in areas like food that are closely tied to our everyday lives. 1．Which is a potential benefit of AI kitchens? A．Reducing kitchen waste and risks. B．Meeting personalized dietary needs. C．Strengthening family relationships. D．Improving the efficiency of cooking. 2．What might be a negative impact of AI kitchens on family life? A．Simplifying traditional cooking culture. B．Messing up traditional recipes and dishes. C．Reducing family communication and bonding. D．Forcing family members to change eating habits. 3．What is the author’s attitude to the widespread use of AI kitchens? A．Indifferent. B．Cautious. C．Unclear. D．Positive. 4．What can be the best title for the text? A．Great Role of AI in Modern Kitchens B．Potential and Future of AI in Kitchens C．Benefits and Challenges of AI Kitchens D．AI Robots Working in Automatic Kitchens 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要探讨了AI厨房技术的发展及其对餐饮业和家庭生活的影响，同时分析了这种技术可能带来的社会、文化和教育层面的风险。 1．细节理解题。根据第三段“The benefits of AI kitchens include enabling cooks to avoid boring tasks, such as peeling potatoes or standing at a workstation for hours. It can free up time, allowing people to focus on more important tasks. For personalized eating, AI can fit countless special diets and tastes on demand.(人工智能厨房的好处包括使厨师能够避免无聊的任务，比如削土豆皮或在工作站站几个小时。它可以腾出时间，让人们专注于更重要的任务。对于个性化饮食，人工智能可以根据需要适应无数特殊的饮食和口味)”可知，AI厨房能够满足各种不同的口味需求。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段“However, there are risks to human well-being. Cooking is a good activity which helps with communication and self-expression, but these benefits can be decreased if the human element becomes unnecessary. In this way, family relationships might suffer without the cooperative kitchen environment.(然而，这对人类福祉是有风险的。烹饪是一项很好的活动，有助于交流和自我表达，但如果人类因素变得不必要，这些好处就会减少。这样，如果没有合作的厨房环境，家庭关系可能会受到影响)”可知，人工智能厨房可能会减少家庭沟通和联系。故选C项。 3．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是根据文章第三段“The benefits of AI kitchens include enabling cooks to avoid boring tasks, such as peeling potatoes or standing at a workstation for hours. It can free up time, allowing people to focus on more important tasks. For personalized eating, AI can fit countless special diets and tastes on demand.(人工智能厨房的好处包括使厨师能够避免无聊的任务，比如削土豆皮或在工作站站几个小时。它可以腾出时间，让人们专注于更重要的任务。对于个性化饮食，人工智能可以根据需要适应无数特殊的饮食和口味)”和第四段“However, there are risks to human well-being. Cooking is a good activity which helps with communication and self-expression, but these benefits can be decreased if the human element becomes unnecessary. In this way, family relationships might suffer without the cooperative kitchen environment.(然而，这对人类福祉是有风险的。烹饪是一项很好的活动，有助于交流和自我表达，但如果人类因素变得不必要，这些好处就会减少。这样，如果没有合作的厨房环境，家庭关系可能会受到影响)”及最后一段“Convenience can come at a great cost, so it’s important to consider the possible social disruptions (扰乱) that new technologies might bring, especially in areas like food that are closely tied to our everyday lives.(便利的代价是巨大的，所以考虑新技术可能带来的社会混乱是很重要的，尤其是在食品等与我们日常生活密切相关的领域)”可知，作者对AI厨房持谨慎态度，既指出了其潜在的好处，也提到了可能带来的风险，如影响家庭关系、文化多样性减少等。故选B项。 4．主旨大意题。根据全文内容，尤其是最后一段“Convenience can come at a great cost, so it’s important to consider the possible social disruptions（扰乱）that new technologies might bring, especially in areas like food that are closely tied to our everyday lives.(便利的代价是巨大的，所以考虑新技术可能带来的社会混乱是很重要的，尤其是在食品等与我们日常生活密切相关的领域)”可知，文章探讨了AI在厨房中的应用及其带来的利弊，整篇文章围绕AI厨房技术的好处与风险展开讨论，因此最佳标题应为“Benefits and Challenges of AI Kitchens(人工智能厨房的好处和挑战)”。故选C项。 主题03 人与社会——社会生活与人际沟通 Passage 1 （24-25高二下·浙江省宁波六校·期中） Hollywood may have warned about the risks of striking up relationships with artificial intelligence in Spike Jonze’s latest feature ‘Her’. Set in the not-too-distant future, it tells the story of Twombly who finds himself falling in love with an artificially intelligent virtual assistant personified through a female voice. But one computer scientist says we may be missing a trick if we do not accept the positives that human-machine relationships have to offer. Tony Prescott, professor of cognitive robotics at the University of Sheffield argues that AI has an important role to play in preventing human loneliness. Just as we develop meaningful bonds with pets, so should we be open to the value of AI to adults, he says. The degree of the loneliness problem has become clear in recent years. In the UK, more than 79%, or nearly four million people, are known to experience chronic loneliness, meaning they feel lonely often or always. According to a Harvard study from 2021, more than a third of Americans feel serious loneliness, and some of the worst- affected are young adults and mothers with small children. The knock-on effects on wellbeing are also better understood. Loneliness is linked to more heart disease, dementia, stroke, depression, anxiety and premature death, with an impact on mortality (死亡率) equal to smoking up to 15 cigarettes a day. Failure to address the problem, would see the world continuing to splinter until we can no longer stand as a community. Whether AI can, or should, be part of the solution is not a new debate. Murali Doraiswamy, professor of psychiatry and medicine at Duke University in North Carolina, said: “Right now, all the evidence points to having a close human friend as the best solution for loneliness. But until society prioritizes social connectedness, robots are a solution for the millions of people who have no friends.” “We need to be careful to build in rules to ensure they are moral and trustworthy, and that privacy is protected.” 1．What does Spike Jonze’s Her focus on? A．Pets well-beings. B．Effects of Loneliness. C．AI’s personalized service. D．Human-machine relationships. 2．Why does the author cite the numbers in paragraph 3? A．To direct people’s attention to loneliness. B．To stress the gravity or loneliness in the world. C．To compare loneliness cases in the UK and USA． D．To clarify people’s misconception about loneliness. 3．What does the underlined word “splinter” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Unite. B．Expand. C．Divide. D．Advance. 4．What does Doraiswamy think of turning to Al for company? A．It is highly debatable. B．It is not theoretically based. C．It takes longer time to see its effect. D．It is workable but needs more guidance. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了人工智能与人类关系的话题，通过引用电影《她》的情节引出话题，并介绍了专家对于人工智能在缓解人类孤独感方面所起作用的观点。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Hollywood may have warned about the risks of striking up relationships with artificial intelligence in Spike Jonze’s latest feature ‘Her’. Set in the not-too-distant future, it tells the story of Twombly who finds himself falling in love with an artificially intelligent virtual assistant personified through a female voice. (好莱坞可能已经在斯派克·琼斯的最新电影《她》中警告过与人工智能建立关系的风险。故事设定在不远的未来，讲述了Twombly发现自己爱上了一个通过女性声音拟人化的人工智能虚拟助手的故事)”可知，Spike Jonze的电影《她》关注的是人与机器之间的关系。故选D项。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段中“The degree of the loneliness problem has become clear in recent years. In the UK, more than 79%, or nearly four million people, are known to experience chronic loneliness, meaning they feel lonely often or always. According to a Harvard study from 2021, more than a third of Americans feel serious loneliness, and some of the worst-affected are young adults and mothers with small children. (近年来，孤独问题的程度已经变得清晰。在英国，已知有超过79%，即近400万人经历着长期的孤独，这意味着他们经常或总是感到孤独。根据哈佛大学2021年的一项研究，超过三分之一的美国人感到严重的孤独，其中受影响最严重的是年轻人和有小孩的母亲)”可知，作者在第三段中引用数字是为了强调世界上孤独问题的严重性。故选B项。 3．词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“Loneliness is linked to more heart disease, dementia, stroke, depression, anxiety and premature death, with an impact on mortality (死亡率) equal to smoking up to 15 cigarettes a day. (孤独与更多的心脏病、痴呆、中风、抑郁、焦虑和早逝有关，对死亡率的影响相当于每天吸多达15支烟)”可知，孤独会导致死亡。结合画线词所在句中“Failure to address the problem (未能解决这个问题)”和“until we can no longer stand as a community.(直到我们无法再作为一个社区而存在)”可推知，如不解决孤独问题，死亡问题将导致世界继续分裂，直到我们无法再作为一个社区存在。故画线词意思是“分裂”，与divide意思相近。故选C项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中Doraiswamy的话“Right now, all the evidence points to having a close human friend as the best solution for loneliness. But until society prioritizes social connectedness, robots are a solution for the millions of people who have no friends.(目前，所有的证据都表明，有一个亲密的人类朋友是解决孤独问题的最好办法。但在社会把社交联系放在首位之前，机器人是数百万没有朋友的人的解决方案)”和“We need to be careful to build in rules to ensure they are moral and trustworthy, and that privacy is protected.(我们需要小心制定规则，确保它们是道德的、值得信赖的，并且隐私得到保护)”可知，Doraiswamy认为转向人工智能作为陪伴是可行的，但需要更多的指导来确保其道德、可信赖以及隐私保护。故选D项。 Passage 2 （24-25高二下·浙江省七彩阳光新高考研究联盟·期中） Every Wednesday, retiree Zhang Zhili travels an hour by bus to an education center, drawn by the pulsing rhythms of the African drum she plays there in a classroom filled with fellow retirees whose hands move together, every beat lifting her spirits. Many older Chinese are looking beyond traditional nursing homes, afraid of abandonment by their families and quality issues. That’s driving a boom in universities, home care services, and communities catering to older adults. Though some providers struggle to turn a profit, they persist because they see promise in the growing market. China has a rapidly aging population. Last year, about 297 million people were aged 60 or above, over one-fifth of the population. By 2035, this number is forecast to go beyond 400 million, or over 30% of all Chinese. That’s fueling growth in services and products aimed at older adults in what Beijing calls the silver economy, which is expected to grow from about 7 trillion yuan (about $982 billion) currently to approximately 30 trillion yuan (about $4.2 trillion) in 2035, raising its share in the economy from about 6% to roughly 10%, Hu Zuquan, a researcher at the State Information Center, a public institution linked to with China’s main planning agency, told state media. The government is expanding basic care services to all elderly people in need, moving beyond its traditional focus on those without family support. Various companies are looking to grab a slice of this government-backed market. Property developers like Vanke Co. and Sino-Ocean Group and insurance companies such as Taikang Insurance Group have built high-end communities for older adults with amenities such as movie-screening and mahjong rooms and dining services. Still, questions remain about the spending power of many older Chinese. China’s silver economy is still in its early stage, said Gary Ng, a senior economist at Natixis Corporate and Investment Banking. “There are prospects here, but it seems there’s still much that needs to be done,” he said. 1．What can be inferred about Zhang Zhili from the first paragraph? A．She seeks joy and socializes with others. B．She learns a new skill and prepares for future employment. C．She struggles with loneliness and relies on her family for support. D．She prioritizes exercise and improves her physical health. 2．What is the main reason for the rise of the silver economy? A．China’s rapidly aging population creating market demand. B．Technological advancements in elderly care products. C．Government restrictions on traditional nursing homes. D．A cultural shift toward valuing individualism over family care. 3．What did Gary Ng think about China’s silver economy? A．It has already reached maturity and requires no further investment. B．It faces challenges with rural gaps and unstable profits. C．It targets urban wealthy and ignores ordinary seniors. D．It shows potential but significant efforts remain necessary. 4．Which of the following is the best title for the article? A．The Challenges of Silver Economy in China B．The Reason for Silver Economy in Chinese Society C．The Impact of the Silver Economy in China D．The Rise of the Silver Economy in China 【答案】1．A 2．A 3．D 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲述了中国“银发经济”（老龄经济）的兴起、现状及发展前景。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“Every Wednesday, retiree Zhang Zhili travels an hour by bus to an education center, drawn by the pulsing rhythms of the African drum she plays there in a classroom filled with fellow retirees whose hands move together, every beat lifting her spirits.(每周三，退休人员Zhang Zhili都会乘坐一个小时的公交车前往一个教育中心，她在那里的教室里，被非洲鼓的脉动节奏所吸引，教室里坐满了退休人员，他们的手一起舞动，每一个节拍都让她精神振奋)”可知，她寻求快乐，与他人交往。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“China has a rapidly aging population. Last year, about 297 million people were aged 60 or above, over one-fifth of the population. By 2035, this number is forecast to go beyond 400 million, or over 30% of all Chinese.(中国的人口正在迅速老龄化。去年，约有2.97亿人年龄在60岁或以上，占人口的五分之一以上。到2035年，这一数字预计将超过4亿，占中国总人口的30%以上)”和第四段“That’s fueling growth in services and products aimed at older adults in what Beijing calls the silver economy(这推动了面向老年人的服务和产品的增长，也就是中国政府所说的“银发经济”)”可知，银发经济崛起的主要原因是中国迅速老龄化的人口创造了市场需求。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“China’s silver economy is still in its early stage, said Gary Ng, a senior economist at Natixis Corporate and Investment Banking. “There are prospects here, but it seems there’s still much that needs to be done,” he said.(法国东方汇理银行高级经济师Gary Ng表示：“中国的‘银发经济’仍处于起步阶段。他指出：‘（这一领域）前景广阔，但目前看来，仍有许多工作亟待推进。’”)”可知，Gary Ng认为中国的银发经济显示出潜力，但仍需作出重大努力。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第四段“That’s fueling growth in services and products aimed at older adults in what Beijing calls the silver economy, which is expected to grow from about 7 trillion yuan (about $982 billion) currently to approximately 30 trillion yuan (about $4.2 trillion) in 2035, raising its share in the economy from about 6% to roughly 10%, Hu Zuquan, a researcher at the State Information Center, a public institution linked to with China’s main planning agency, told state media. The government is expanding basic care services to all elderly people in need, moving beyond its traditional focus on those without family support.(与中国主要规划机构有关联的公共机构国家信息中心（State Information Center）研究员胡祖全对官方媒体说，这推动了面向老年人的服务和产品的增长，也就是中国政府所说的“银发经济”。预计到2035年，银发经济将从目前的人民币约7万亿元（约合9,820亿美元）增长到人民币约30万亿元（约合4.2万亿美元），在中国经济中的比重将从6%左右提高到10%左右。政府正在将基本护理服务扩大到所有有需要的老年人，而不是传统上关注那些没有家庭支持的老年人)”可知，本文主要讲述了中国“银发经济”（老龄经济）的兴起、现状及发展前景，因此最好的题目是D选项“The Rise of the Silver Economy in China(中国银发经济的崛起)”。故选D。 主题04 人与自我——生活与学习 Passage 1 （24-25高二下·山东省淄博市高青县·期中） Like many people over the past few years, I have found myself turning to audiobooks as my main means of reading literature. I find it far more comfortable to “read with my ears” while my eyes are resting. My consumption of new books has doubled as a result--but a recent paper makes me wonder if this will come at the price of my comprehension. The study comes from Boaz Keysar and Janet Geipel, both at the University of Chicago, and it draws from the “dual process model” of mental processing. According to this-view, we have two ways of assessing information. System 1 is intuitive (直觉的),  relying on natural ability and feeling. It is quick, but likely exposed to misinformation. System 2 is analytical involving the use of logic reasoning. It is mentally demanding. When it is engaged, we think our way through the material step by step. For decades, psychologists have designed various tests to determine which of these two systems a person is using. As one example, consider the/ following question: How many animals of each kind did Moses take on the Ark (方舟)? If you answered two, you were probably only considering the core of the question, which is System 1 thinking. To get to the right answer-zero, you need to think more carefully about the wording, which would allow you to remember it was Noah who built the Ark, not Moses. That is the kind of analytical process. Keysar and Geipel’s brilliant idea was to investigate whether the sensory form-seeing vs. hearing-of the information would make a difference. They found that it did: when answering these kinds of simple questions, participants were more likely to make errors when the sentences were spoken out loud, rather than written. A greater reliance on our feelings could be a problem if we are consuming information that needs logical study. For this reason. I will return to reading non-fiction with my eyes rather than my ears. But I won’t stop listening to novels. I am quite happy to go with the flow of my emotions while my critical mind takes a break. 1．What does the author think of listening to audiobooks? A．It is economical. B．It is demanding. C．It is time-consuming. D．It is relaxing. 2．Which of the following best describes System 2 model? A．Fairly reliable. B．Fully automatic. C．Question-centered. D．Emotion-involved. 3．Why is the Ark mentioned in Paragraph 3? A．To present a fact. B．To illustrate a view. C．To introduce a topic. D．To draw a conclusion. 4．What does the author intend to tell us? A．Listening to books comes at a price. B．Reading non-fiction books benefits. C．Critical thinking is a must in reading. D．Ways of processing information differ. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文为一篇议论文。文章主要围绕作者使用有声书作为阅读方式的经历和体验展开，并引入了一项关于信息处理方式的研究，以此为基础探讨了有声书对阅读理解可能产生的影响。 1．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Like many people over the past few years, I have found myself turning to audiobooks as my main means of reading literature. I find it far more comfortable to “read with my ears” while my eyes are resting.(像许多人一样，在过去的几年里，我发现自己把有声读物作为阅读文学作品的主要手段。我发现在眼睛休息的时候“用耳朵阅读”要舒服得多。)”以及最后一段“But I won’t stop listening to novels. I am quite happy to go with the flow of my emotions while my critical mind takes a break.(但我不会停止听小说。当我的批判性思维得到休息时，我很高兴随自己的情绪流动而去。)”可知，作者认为听有声读物会让人放松。故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“System 2 is analytical involving the use of logic reasoning. It is mentally demanding. When it is engaged, we think our way through the material step by step.(系统2是分析性的，涉及逻辑推理的使用。这是精神上的要求。当它参与时，我们一步一步地思考材料。)”可知，System 2涉及使用逻辑推理进行信息处理，它要求精神上的努力，通过一步一步地思考材料来得出结论。因此，System 2的结果相对可靠得多。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“As one example, consider the/ following question: How many animals of each kind did Moses take on the Ark（方舟）? If you answered two, you were probably only considering the core of the question, which is System 1 thinking. To get to the right answer-zero, you need to think more carefully about the wording, which would allow you to remember it was Noah who built the Ark, not Moses. That is the kind of analytical process.(举个例子，考虑下面的问题：摩西带了多少种动物上了方舟？如果你回答了两个，你可能只考虑了问题的核心，即系统1思维。为了得到正确的答案——零，你需要更仔细地思考措辞，这将使你记住是诺亚建造了方舟，而不是摩西。这是一种分析过程。)”可知，作者提到方舟是为了举例说明一个观点，即System 1和System 2在处理信息时的不同方式。通过提出“摩西在方舟上带了多少种动物？”的问题，并解释正确答案是如何通过更仔细地考虑措辞得出的，作者展示了System 2涉及的逻辑推理过程。因此，方舟的提及是为了阐明关于信息处理方式的观点。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据文章内容可知，作者通过分享自己使用有声书作为阅读方式的经历，以及引入关于信息处理方式的研究，意在表明听书可能会带来理解上的代价。文章提到，尽管听书让作者增加了阅读量，但研究结果显示，听书在处理某些信息时可能不如阅读书面材料准确。特别是对于那些需要逻辑研究的信息，听书可能导致更多的错误。因此，作者认为听书是有代价的，特别是在理解方面。故选A。 Passage 2 （24-25高二下·江苏省南京市南京师范大学附属中学·期中） During the Paris Olympic Games, Google unveiled an Olympics-themed advertisement to promote its Gemini AI chatbot. Surprisingly, the ad sparked heated criticism, leading Google to remove it a week after its release. The ad showed a father using Google’s Gemini AI chatbot to help his daughter write a fan letter to US Olympic track star. Sydney McLaughlin-Levrone. In the ad, the father believes AI will do a better job than himself, “she wants to show Sydney some love and I’m pretty good with words but this has to be just right.” However, this idea didn’t win over viewers. “This advertisement is misleading, as it overestimates AI’s ability to understand and convey the subtle differences of human emotions and thoughts,” wrote Shelly Palmer, a media processor at Syracuse University in the US, in a blog post. “Who wants an AI-written fan letter?” one viewer added. Viewers also expressed concern that too much reliance on AI tools could ruin children’s learning opportunities. “Instead of guiding her to use her own words and communicate authentically (真实地), [the father] is teaching her to rely on AI for this critical human skill,” said Palmer. Palmer stressed that our use of language deeply shapes our reality. For example, you or I might refer to a color as “red”, but that same color might be labeled “scarlet” by an artist or “dark rose” by an interior designer. Language not only communicates information but also reflects the speaker’s unique perspective. “Google seems to suggest that this young girl doesn’t need to develop her own ability to express and shape her reality,” said Palmer. The use of generative AI also lacks the emotional depth that comes from personal expression. Palmer once received a message from a reader years ago that read: “You’re too stupid to own a smart phone.” He loved this humorously sarcastic (讽刺的) email so much that he had it framed on his office wall. “It was honest, direct (and probably accurate),” he said. “Give me a heartfelt message over a grammatically correct, AI-generated message any day.” 1．What does the underlined word “unveiled” in paragraph 1 most probably mean? A．Removed. B．Released. C．Dismissed. D．Disapproved. 2．Why did Google’s Olympics-themed advertisement receive criticism? A．It discouraged children from learning proper writing techniques through AI. B．It inaccurately described the capabilities of Gemini AI in grammar correction. C．It overestimated the importance of emotional depth in human communication. D．It suggested AI could replace authentic human expression in emotional contexts. 3．What does Shelly Palmer imply by mentioning the example of color descriptions? A．Professional terms are essential for accurate communication. B．AI struggles to distinguish slight differences in vocabulary usage. C．Standardized language ensures efficient information transmission. D．Language mirrors personal viewpoints and constructs one’s reality. 4．Which of the following can be the best title for the passage? A．Can AI Paint Human Souls? B．Can AI Silence Human Voices? C．Olympic Spark: AI Language Learning D．AI Criticism: Gemini’s Expression Error 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要介绍了谷歌在巴黎奥运会期间推出的奥运会主题广告因暗示人工智能可取代真实人类情感表达而遭批评，凸显了人工智能在情感表达方面的局限性 。 1．词句猜测题。根据第一段“During the Paris Olympic Games, Google unveiled an Olympics-themed advertisement to promote its Gemini AI chatbot. Surprisingly, the ad sparked heated criticism, leading Google to remove it a week after its release.(在巴黎奥运会期间，谷歌unveiled一个奥运会主题广告来推广其双子座AI聊天机器人。令人惊讶的是，该广告引发了激烈的批评，导致谷歌在发布一周后将其删除)”可知，谷歌是先“推出”广告，后因批评而删除，划线单词unveiled表示“推出”，与Released意义相近。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段““This advertisement is misleading, as it overestimates AI’s ability to understand and convey the subtle differences of human emotions and thoughts,” wrote Shelly Palmer, a media processor at Syracuse University in the US, in a blog post. “Who wants an AI-written fan letter?” one viewer added. Viewers also expressed concern that too much reliance on AI tools could ruin children’s learning opportunities.(美国锡拉丘兹大学的媒体处理器Shelly Palmer在一篇博客文章中写道：“这则广告具有误导性，因为它高估了人工智能理解和传达人类情感和思想细微差异的能力。”。一位观众补充道：“谁想要一封人工智能写的粉丝信？”。观众还表示担心，过度依赖人工智能工具可能会破坏儿童的学习机会)”、第四段““Instead of guiding her to use her own words and communicate authentically (真实地), [the father] is teaching her to rely on AI for this critical human skill,” said Palmer.(帕尔默说：“（父亲）没有引导她使用自己的语言和真实的交流，而是教她依靠人工智能来掌握这一关键的人类技能。”)”以及第五段“Palmer stressed that our use of language deeply shapes our reality. For example, you or I might refer to a color as “red”, but that same color might be labeled “scarlet” by an artist or “dark rose” by an interior designer. Language not only communicates information but also reflects the speaker’s unique perspective. “Google seems to suggest that this young girl doesn’t need to develop her own ability to express and shape her reality,” said Palmer.(帕尔默强调，我们对语言的使用深刻地塑造了我们的现实。例如，你或我可能会把一种颜色称为“红色”，但同样的颜色可能会被艺术家标记为“猩红色”，或者被室内设计师标记为“深玫瑰色”。语言不仅传达信息，还反映了说话者独特的视角。帕尔默说：“谷歌似乎暗示，这个年轻女孩不需要发展自己表达和塑造现实的能力。”)”可知，谷歌的奥运会主题广告受到批评是因为它暗示人工智能可以在情感语境中取代真实的人类表达。故选D项。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段““Instead of guiding her to use her own words and communicate authentically (真实地), [the father] is teaching her to rely on AI for this critical human skill,” said Palmer.(帕尔默说：“（父亲）没有引导她使用自己的语言和真实的交流，而是教她依靠人工智能来掌握这一关键的人类技能。”)”以及第五段“Palmer stressed that our use of language deeply shapes our reality. For example, you or I might refer to a color as “red”, but that same color might be labeled “scarlet” by an artist or “dark rose” by an interior designer. Language not only communicates information but also reflects the speaker’s unique perspective. “Google seems to suggest that this young girl doesn’t need to develop her own ability to express and shape her reality,” said Palmer.(帕尔默强调，我们对语言的使用深刻地塑造了我们的现实。例如，你或我可能会把一种颜色称为“红色”，但同样的颜色可能会被艺术家标记为“猩红色”，或者被室内设计师标记为“深玫瑰色”。语言不仅传达信息，还反映了说话者独特的视角。帕尔默说：“谷歌似乎暗示，这个年轻女孩不需要发展自己表达和塑造现实的能力。”)”可知，帕尔默提到颜色描述的例子是为了说明语言反映个人观点并构建一个人的现实。故选D项。 4．主旨大意题。根据全文内容，尤其是最后一段“The use of generative AI also lacks the emotional depth that comes from personal expression.(生成式人工智能的使用也缺乏个人表达所带来的情感深度)”以及结合前文对谷歌奥运会主题广告的批评可知，本文主要讨论了人工智能在情感表达方面的局限性，即人工智能难以像人类一样表达真实情感，仿佛“压制”了人类的声音，所以“人工智能能压制人类的声音吗？”适合作为文章标题。故选B项。 主题05 人与自然——自然生态与环境保护 Passage 1 （24-25高二下·江苏省苏州市工业园区南京航空航天大学苏州附属中学·期中） “Shhh!” This is the demand that eco-acoustics (生态声学) researcher Jerome Sueur makes of humanity. The noises of technology spread across even the remotest corners of the planet. Sueur explores the impact of the ever-present sound on the animal world in Natural History of Silence. Between travelogue-style chapters and philosophical reflections, the book covers many key terms and theories, such as the acoustic niche hypothesis (声学生态位假说), which assumes that each species has its own acoustic space to improve communication with its own kind and limit sound competition from other species. Sueur’s point is this: silence is a crucial resource, like food or water, which species compete for to survive. “Making sound is important,” he writes. But humans need to “make sure we are not more alive than others”. When the COVID-19 pandemic (流行病) unexpectedly put human activities on hold, noise-monitoring organizations in France recorded a 60 – 75% drop in sound levels in many cities. Globally, wildlife communication changed during lockdowns. Fish and dolphins off the coast of New Zealand extended the range of their calls by 65% owing to a sharp reduction in boat travel. However, when humans emerged from their homes, so did all human-generated sounds and their harmful effects on natural systems, Sueur writes. Sueur calls for a greater awareness of the need to preserve zones where noise is not welcome, effectively proposing a global network of silent shelters for wildlife. The book, thus, highlights an imaginary dividing line between humanity and nature — an approach to conservation that has thwarted contemporary environmentalists who believe true conservation success comes from building a harmonious bond with nature. Some even argue against it in public and attempt to seek more all-around solutions that involve local and indigenous (本土) communities. To encourage readers to act, the book could have included stories about successful no-fly zones where communities are working to address the problem. But the focus on solutions is narrow. Instead, his winding and wordy writing often carries a tone of anger, which could drive away the people he wants to silence. 1．What does the acoustic niche hypothesis assume? A．Species use sounds to communicate. B．Each species has a unique sound range. C．Species compete for sound resources. D．Making sound is the key to survival. 2．Why are fish and dolphins mentioned in paragraph 3? A．To show the destruction caused by the pandemic. B．To stress the role of animals in the local ecosystem. C．To illustrate the impact of human activities on wildlife. D．To compare responses of different animals to lockdowns. 3．What does the underlined word “thwarted” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Enlightened. B．Transformed. C．Misled. D．Discouraged. 4．What can we learn about the book from the last paragraph? A．It is written in an objective tone. B．It serves its writing purpose well. C．It fails to relate to certain readers. D．It conveys rather shallow ideas. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要围绕生态声学研究者Jerome Sueur的观点展开，讨论了人类活动产生的噪音对动物世界的影响，以及Sueur对于保护静音区域、为野生动物建立静音庇护所的呼吁。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Between travelogue-style chapters and philosophical reflections, the book covers many key terms and theories, such as the acoustic niche hypothesis (声学生态位假说), which assumes that each species has its own acoustic space to improve communication with its own kind and limit sound competition from other species.(在类似游记风格的章节和哲学思考之间，这本书涵盖了许多关键术语和理论，比如声学生态位假说，该假说认为每个物种都有自己的声学空间，以改善与同类的交流，并限制来自其他物种的声音竞争。)”可知，声学生态位假说认为每个物种都有自己的声学空间，即有独特的声音范围，以促进与同类的交流并限制来自其他物种的声音竞争。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“When the COVID-19 pandemic (流行病) unexpectedly put human activities on hold, noise-monitoring organizations in France recorded a 60 – 75% drop in sound levels in many cities. Globally, wildlife communication changed during lockdowns. Fish and dolphins off the coast of New Zealand extended the range of their calls by 65% owing to a sharp reduction in boat travel. However, when humans emerged from their homes, so did all human-generated sounds and their harmful effects on natural systems, Sueur writes. (当新冠疫情意外地使人类活动暂停时，法国的噪音监测机构记录到许多城市的噪音水平下降了60%至75%。在全球范围内，在封锁期间野生动物的交流方式也发生了变化。由于船只航行大幅减少，新西兰海岸附近的鱼类和海豚将它们叫声的传播范围扩大了65%。然而，Sueur写道，当人类走出家门时，所有人类产生的声音及其对自然系统的有害影响也随之而来。)”可知，本段提到，新冠疫情期间人类活动暂停，城市噪音水平下降，新西兰海岸附近的鱼类和海豚因船只航行减少，叫声传播范围扩大。而当人类活动恢复，噪音也随之回来，对自然系统产生有害影响。由此可见，提及鱼类和海豚是为了通过它们在人类活动变化时的表现，具体说明人类活动对野生动物的影响。故选C。 3．词义猜测题。根据文章第四段“Sueur calls for a greater awareness of the need to preserve zones where noise is not welcome, effectively proposing a global network of silent shelters for wildlife. The book, thus, highlights an imaginary dividing line between humanity and nature — an approach to conservation that has thwarted contemporary environmentalists who believe true conservation success comes from building a harmonious bond with nature.( Sueur呼吁人们提高对保护那些不欢迎噪音的区域的必要性的认识，实际上是提议建立一个全球性的野生动物静音庇护所网络。因此，这本书凸显了人类与自然之间一条想象中的分界线——这种保护方式让当代环保主义者……，因为他们认为真正的保护成功来自于与自然建立和谐的联系。)”可知，Sueur呼吁保护不欢迎噪音的区域，提议建立全球野生动物静音庇护所网络，这种做法凸显了人与自然之间一条想象中的分界线。而当代环保主义者认为真正的保护成功来自于与自然建立和谐的联系。由此可推测，Sueur的做法与当代环保主义者的理念不同，所以这种做法会让他们感到沮丧、气馁。选项D“discouraged”，意为“使沮丧”，符合语境。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“To encourage readers to act, the book could have included stories about successful no-fly zones where communities are working to address the problem. But the focus on solutions is narrow. Instead, his winding and wordy writing often carries a tone of anger, which could drive away the people he wants to silence.(为了鼓励读者采取行动，这本书本可以收录一些关于成功设立禁飞区的故事，在这些地方，社区正在努力解决噪音问题。但书中对解决方案的关注范围很窄。相反，他那迂回冗长的文字常常带有愤怒的语气，这可能会把那些他希望让其保持安静的人吓跑。)”可知，为了鼓励读者采取行动，这本书本可以收录一些关于成功设立禁飞区的故事，在这些地方社区正在努力解决问题。但书中对解决方案的关注范围很窄。相反，作者迂回冗长的文字常常带有愤怒的语气，这可能会把那些他希望让其保持安静的人吓跑。也就是说，因为作者愤怒的语气可能会把那些他希望影响的读者吓跑，所以这本书没能与这些读者建立联系、产生共鸣。故选C。 Passage 2 （24-25高二下·江苏省江阴市·期中） We are all aware of the damaging pollution that’s created by driving petrol and diesel (柴油) vehicles. Many of the world’s cities are blocked with traffic, creating fumes containing gases such as nitrogen oxides. The solution for a cleaner, greener future could be electric vehicles. But how optimistic should we be? There was much excitement last year when the UK government announced it will ban the sale of new petrol and diesel cars from 2030. But is that easier said than done? The road to global traffic being totally electric is still a long way off. Currently, battery life is an issue — a fully charged battery won’t take you as far as a full tank of petrol. There are also limited numbers of charging points to plug an EV into. Of course, technology is always improving. Some of the biggest tech companies, like Google and Tesla, are spending huge amounts of money developing electric cars. And most of the big car manufacturers are now making them too. Colin Herron, a consultant on low-carbon vehicle technology, told the BBC: “The big leap forward will come with solid state batteries, which will appear first in mobile phones and laptops before they progress to cars.” These will charge more quickly and give cars a bigger range. Cost is another issue that may discourage people switching to electric power. But some countries offer incentive, such as cutting prices by reducing import taxes, and not charging for road tax and parking. Some also provide exclusive lanes for electric cars to be driven on, overtaking traditional cars which might be stuck in jams. These kinds of measures have made Norway the country with the most electric cars per capita (人均) at more than thirty electric cars per 1000 inhabitants. But Colin Herron warns that “electric motoring” doesn’t mean a zero-carbon future. “It’s emission-free motoring, but the car has to be built, the battery has to be built, and the electricity does come from somewhere.” Maybe it’s time to think about making fewer journeys or using public transport. 1．What can we infer from the question at the end of paragraph 1? A．We should not be too optimistic about the future. B．Electric vehicles may not solve the traffic problems. C．It’s not a good idea to replace petrol vehicles with electric ones. D．It is not easy to obtain a greener future by means of electric vehicles. 2．What does the underlined word “incentive” mean in paragraph 2? A．payment B．income C．encouragement D．method 3．Which statement is true according to the passage? A．Electric motoring will create a zero-carbon future. B．Electric cars might not get stuck in traffic jams in the future. C．There are four obstacles on the road to global traffic being totally electric. D．Putting solid-state batteries in electric cars first will be a “great leap forward”. 4．What is the most suitable title for the text? A．Total Electric Traffic: a Long Way to Go B．Electric Vehicles: a Road to a Greener Future C．Electric Power or Petrol: a Tough Decision to Make D．Petrol and Diesel Vehicles: a Main source of Gases 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要讲述了电动汽车更加清洁、更加环保，但是电动汽车本身有两大问题亟待解决，而且汽车电动化并不意味着零碳，实现全球交通电动化还有很长的路要走。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“But is that easier said than done?(但这说起来容易做起来难吗？)”可知，第一段提出疑问：英国宣布从2030年开始禁止销售新型汽油和柴油汽车，这说起来容易做起来难吗？第二段第一句“The road to global traffic being totally electric is still a long way off.(实现全球交通完全电动化的道路还有很长的路要走。)”指出实现全球交通完全电动化还有很长的路要走。由此可推测出，作者在第一段最后提出疑问是想说明用电动汽车来实现环保并不容易。故选D。 2．词义猜测题。根据划线词前一句“Cost is another issue that may discourage people switching to electric power.(成本是另一个可能阻碍人们转向电力的问题。)”和划线词后的“such as cutting prices by reducing import taxes, and not charging for road tax and parking. (比如通过降低进口税来降低价格，以及不收取道路税和停车费。)”可知，划线词后的举例是对incentive的进一步说明，通过降低进口税来降价以及不收取道路税和停车费，这些有助于降低购买和使用成本，有助于激励人们购买，incentive意为“激励措施”，与encouragement(起激励作用的事物)意思最接近。故选C。 3．细节理解题。文章第二段讲到“Currently, battery life is an issue (目前，电池寿命是一个问题)”以及“Cost is another issue that may discourage people switching to electric power. (成本是另一个可能阻碍人们转向电力的问题。)”可知，C项“在全球交通完全电动化的道路上有四个障碍”是错误的。最后一段讲到“But Colin Herron warns that “electric motoring” doesn’t mean a zero-carbon future (但是科林·赫伦警告说“电动汽车”并不意味着零碳排放的未来)”可知，A项“电动汽车将创造一个零碳的未来”是错误的。第二段还讲到“The big leap forward will come with solid state batteries, which will appear first in mobile phones and laptops before they progress to cars (固态电池将带来巨大的飞跃，它将首先出现在手机和笔记本电脑中，然后才会发展为汽车)”可知，D项“首先将固态电池应用于电动汽车将是一次“大跃进””是错误的。根据第二段“Some also provide exclusive lanes for electric cars to be driven on, overtaking traditional cars which might be stuck in jams.(一些国家还为电动汽车提供专用车道，超越可能陷入拥堵的传统汽车。)”可知，电动汽车有专用通道，因此，“电动汽车在未来可能不会陷入交通堵塞”是正确的说法。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段“The road to global traffic being totally electric is still a long way off.(实现全球交通完全电动化的道路还有很长的路要走。)”可知，电动汽车更加清洁、更加环保，但实现全球交通电动化还有很长的路要走，电动汽车本身有两大问题亟待解决，而且汽车电动化并不意味着零碳。由此可推测出，A项“全电动交通：任重道远”最适合作本文标题。故选A。 主题01 人与社会——历史、文化与传统 Passage 1 （24-25高二下·浙江省丽水发展共同体·期中） The Chinese animated film Ne Zha 2 has taken theaters by storm both in China and worldwide since its release on January 29. Yet for Lyu Yanting, the voice behind the main character Nezha, the film’s success was unimaginable when she first took on the role. “I saw it as just another dubbing (配音) project,” Lyu recalled. As she explored Nezha’s lines and story, she realized that this adaptation offered a fresh take on the legendary character. Nezha’s origins trace back to the Tang Dynasty, when he was first pictured as a heavenly guardian. Over the centuries, his image evolved through cultural reinterpretations — transforming into a rebellious (叛逆的) figure who fights against fate and authority, fights for his beliefs and loved ones, and grows into a powerful warrior by overcoming hardship. Lyu found herself deeply resonating with this modern version of Nezha, particularly his determination, sincerity, and resilience. This connection made her performance feel authentic, as if she were drawing on real emotions rather than simply acting. However, finding a role that is naturally consistent with oneself is rare. This is why Lyu believes that professional voice actors must constantly refine their skills, always preparing for any character that may come their way. “To be a good voice actor, you need to empathize, imagine, and truly understand the character, which requires both life experience and the ability to see things from different perspectives,” Lyu said, “Only by combining personal experience with professional training can you bring different characters to life.” To achieve that, immersion is key. Before voicing Nezha, Lyu spent years in being alone to improve her skills. “I was fascinated by anything related to vocal expression — I explored and analyzed it to see how it could enhance my future work. That was simply my passion,” she said. Thanks to those years, Lyu was well-prepared when she landed the role of Nezha. Although she describes her newfound recognition as “a pure stroke of luck”, it was much more than that. 1．What did Lyu Yanting think of her role as Nezha at first? A．She initially expected the success of the role. B．She believed the role was too challenging for her. C．She initially underestimated the importance of the role. D．She thought the role was not suitable for her personality. 2．Which is closest in meaning to “resilience” in paragraph 3? A．Physical strength. B．Tendency to avoid challenges. C．Artistic creativity. D．Ability to recover from difficulties. 3．According to the passage, which best describes Lyu Yanting? A．Dedicated and self-motivated. B．Easy going and devoted. C．Ambitious and competitive. D．Empathetic and considerate. 4．What mainly contributes to Lyu’s success in voicing Nezha? A．Her good preparation and passion. B．Her determination to voice Nezha. C．The popularity of the film Ne Zha 2. D．The years of being alone to voice Nezha. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 4．A 【来源】浙江省丽水发展共同体2024-2025学年高二下学期4月期中英语试题 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。中国动画电影《哪吒 2》爆火，配音演员吕艳婷起初低估角色，其凭借热情与多年准备成功诠释，分享配音心得 。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Yet for Lyu Yanting, the voice behind the main character Nezha, the film’s success was unimaginable when she first took on the role. ‘I saw it as just another dubbing (配音) project,’ Lyu recalled.(然而，对于主角哪吒的配音演员吕艳婷来说，当她第一次接受这个角色时，这部电影的成功是难以想象的。‘我把它仅仅看作是另一个配音项目，’吕艳婷回忆道)”可知，吕艳婷最初只是把为哪吒配音当作一个普通的配音项目。由此可知，她最初低估了这个角色的重要性。故选C。 2．词句猜测题。根据第二段“Over the centuries, his image evolved through cultural reinterpretations — transforming into a rebellious (叛逆的) figure who fights against fate and authority, fights for his beliefs and loved ones, and grows into a powerful warrior by overcoming hardship.(几个世纪以来，他的形象通过文化的重新诠释而演变 —— 变成了一个叛逆的人物，他与命运和权威作斗争，为自己的信仰和所爱的人而战，并通过克服困难成长为一名强大的战士)”以及第三段“Lyu found herself deeply resonating with this modern version of Nezha, particularly his determination, sincerity, and resilience. This connection made her performance feel authentic, as if she were drawing on real emotions rather than simply acting.(吕艳婷发现自己与这个现代版的哪吒产生了深深的共鸣，尤其是他的决心、真诚和 resilience。这种联系让她的表演显得真实，仿佛她是在利用真实的情感，而不仅仅是在表演)”可知，哪吒是一个克服困难成长起来的角色。由此可知，划线词resilience在这里应该是指“从困难中恢复的能力”。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据第五段“‘To be a good voice actor, you need to empathize, imagine, and truly understand the character, which requires both life experience and the ability to see things from different perspectives,’ Lyu said, ‘Only by combining personal experience with professional training can you bring different characters to life.’(‘要成为一名优秀的配音演员，你需要有同理心、想象力，并真正理解角色，这既需要生活经验，也需要从不同角度看待事物的能力，’吕艳婷说，‘只有将个人经验与专业训练相结合，你才能让不同的角色栩栩如生。’)”以及第六段“To achieve that, immersion is key. Before voicing Nezha, Lyu spent years in being alone to improve her skills. ‘I was fascinated by anything related to vocal expression—I explored and analyzed it to see how it could enhance my future work. That was simply my passion,’ she said.(为了实现这一点，沉浸其中是关键。在为哪吒配音之前，吕艳婷花了很多年独自提升自己的技能。‘我对任何与声音表达有关的东西都很着迷-----我探索并分析它，看看它如何能提升我未来的工作。这只是我的热情所在，’ 她说)”可知，吕艳婷对配音工作有自己的理解，并且为了提升自己的技能，花费了很多年独自努力。由此推知，她是专注且有自我驱动力的。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据第六段“To achieve that, immersion is key. Before voicing Nezha, Lyu spent years in being alone to improve her skills. ‘I was fascinated by anything related to vocal expression — I explored and analyzed it to see how it could enhance my future work. That was simply my passion,’ she said.(为了实现这一点，沉浸其中是关键。在为哪吒配音之前，吕艳婷花了很多年独自提升自己的技能。‘我对任何与声音表达有关的东西都很着迷----我探索并分析它，看看它如何能提升我未来的工作。这只是我的热情所在，’她说)”以及最后一段“Thanks to those years, Lyu was well-prepared when she landed the role of Nezha. Although she describes her newfound recognition as ‘a pure stroke of luck’, it was much more than that.(多亏了那些年，吕艳婷在得到哪吒这个角色时已经做好了充分的准备。尽管她把自己新获得的认可描述为‘纯粹是运气好’，但事实远不止如此)”可知，吕艳婷为了配音花费多年提升技能，对配音充满热情，并且为这个角色做好了充分准备。由此推知，这些是她成功为哪吒配音的主要原因。故选A。 主题02 人与社会——社会进步与科技创新 Passage 1 （24-25高二下·浙江省宁波市北仑中学·期中） Arthur Lih of Massapequa sold his first LifeVac, a device to help save people’s life, to a fire department about 18 months ago, when the Jericho Fire Department purchased 21 of the devices. Now about 10 Long Island fire departments have purchased Lih’s invention, which is designed to draw foreign objects from the throats of choking victims when procedures such as the Heimlich Maneuver (海姆立克急救法) don’t work. He has sold about 5,000 LifeVac devices in the United States and abroad since the device went on the market in August 2014. The Freeport Fire Department is one of Lih’s clients. It bought about 25 LifeVac devices to put on trucks, as well as in chiefs’ vehicles, said Ray Maguire, the department’s executive director. “It’s an extra tool in the toolbox,” Maguire said. “I’d be surprised if anyone who sees it doesn’t purchase it. It’s that tool you may only need once, but it’s the tool you really want in case you need it. It’s affordable. I have it in my car. I have one at home, too.” Dr. Lee Smith at Northwell Health said that if a choking victim can’t breathe, he or she becomes a candidate for the Heimlich. If the Heimlich doesn’t work, the victim would probably lose consciousness because of a lack of oxygen. A challenge for any new medical device is convincing potential users that it works and is safe. In tests, the LifeVac successfully removed an obstruction (阻塞物) from the throat of a dead human body on the first try 49 out of 50 times, according to an August research article in the American Journal of Emergency Medicine. Lih invented the product in his garage, inspired after he went with a friend to a hospital while the friend’s mother was going through tests. The friend said the last time he was there, a 7-year-old child had choked to death on a grape. 1．What’s the function of the LifeVac device? A．To put out the fire. B．To remove foreign objects. C．To design procedures. D．To treat victims’ throats. 2．What does Paragraph 2 mainly tell us about the invention? A．Its target users. B．Its practical necessity. C．Its major advantages. D．Its reasonable price 3．What inspired Lih to invent the product? A．A kid’s death. B．His client’s suggestion. C．A garage accident. D．Material rewards. 4．What is the text mainly about? A．A productive inventor. B．A convincing cure. C．An anti-choking device. D．An important toolbox. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文为一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了马萨皮加的亚瑟·李在听闻了海姆立克急救法无法解救一个被葡萄噎着的7岁的孩子，最终窒息而死的事件之后，在自家车库里发明了一套救生设备，能帮助从窒息受害者的喉咙中抽出异物，他的这套设备有效且安全，已销售5000套。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Arthur Lih of Massapequa sold his first LifeVac, a device to help save people’s life, to a fire department about 18 months ago, when the Jericho Fire Department purchased 21 of the devices. Now about 10 Long Island fire departments have purchased Lih’s invention, which is designed to draw foreign objects from the throats of choking victims when procedures such as the Heimlich Maneuver (海姆立克急救法) don’t work. (大约18个月前，马萨皮加的亚瑟·李把他的第一台救生设备卖给了一个消防部门，当时杰里科消防部门购买了21台这个救生设备。现在大约有10个长岛消防部门购买了李的发明，该发明旨在当海姆利克氏急救法等程序不起作用时，从窒息受害者的喉咙中抽出异物。)”可知，李发明的 LifeVac是救生设备，用来取出窒息受害者的喉咙中的异物。故选B项。 2．主旨大意题。根据第二段“The Freeport Fire Department is one of Lih’s clients. It bought about 25 LifeVac devices to put on trucks, as well as in chiefs’ vehicles, said Ray Maguire, the department’s executive director. ‘It’s an extra tool in the toolbox,’ Maguire said. ‘I’d be surprised if anyone who sees it doesn’t purchase it. It’s that tool you may only need once, but it’s the tool you really want in case you need it. It’s affordable. I have it in my car. I have one at home, too.’ (自由港消防局是李的客户之一。该部门的执行主任雷·马奎尔说，他们购买了大约25台LifeVac设备，安装在卡车上，以及局长们的车辆上。‘这是工具箱里的一个额外工具，’马奎尔说。‘如果看到它的人不购买它，我会感到惊讶。这种工具你可能只需要一次，但它是你真正想要的工具，以防你需要它。它是负担得起的。我车里就有。我家里也有一个。’)”可知，借助于客户，宣传这个发明是一个非常实用的必需品，车上配一个，可做到有备无患。故选B项。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Lih invented the product in his garage, inspired after he went with a friend to a hospital while the friend’s mother was going through tests. The friend said the last time he was there, a 7-year-old child had choked to death on a grape. (李在他的车库里发明了这款产品，灵感出自于他和一个朋友去医院，当时朋友的母亲正在做检查。这位朋友说，上次他在那里的时候，一个7岁的孩子被一颗葡萄噎死。)”可知，这个孩子被葡萄噎着了，但是去了医院也没被救回来，说明海姆立克急救法没奏效，这个孩子的死亡促成Lih发明这个救生设备。故选A项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“Now about 10 Long Island fire departments have purchased Lih’s invention, which is designed to draw foreign objects from the throats of choking victims when procedures such as the Heimlich Maneuver (海姆立克急救法) don’t work. (现在大约有10个长岛消防部门购买了李的发明，该发明旨在当海姆利克氏急救法等程序不起作用时，从窒息受害者的喉咙中抽出异物。)”，以及第四段“A challenge for any new medical device is convincing potential users that it works and is safe. In tests, the LifeVac successfully removed an obstruction (阻塞物) from the throat of a dead human body on the first try 49 out of 50 times, according to an August research article in the American Journal of Emergency Medicine. (任何新型医疗设备都面临着一个挑战，那就是让潜在用户相信它是有效和安全的。根据《美国急诊医学杂志》8月份发表的一篇研究文章，在测试中，LifeVac在50次尝试中有49次成功地从死人的喉咙中移除了阻塞物。)”可知，本文介绍了Lih发明的可以防止喉咙处异物阻塞致死的一套设备。故选C项。 Passage 2 （24-25高二下·江苏省南京外国语学校·期中） Visit any antiques store and you’ll encounter artifacts from the past, photographs, letters, a brochure detailing the Sinclair dinosaur exhibit from the 1964-65 World’s Fair, the ephemera (昙花一现之物) of history. Yet these objects aren’t truly ephemeral, because they’re still here, decades, even centuries later. Why? Because they’re tangible. Have you thought about the life cycle of intangible formats, digital information, given that those who produce these artifacts seldom make preparations for their long-term preservation? At the time of creation, no attempts were made at intentional preservation, yet analog (模拟的) materials have a chance of surviving and serving as the historical record that biographers, historians, and novelists rely on. Libraries and archives have traditionally shouldered the responsibility of organization, preservation, and access to information. Librarians digitize the tangible so that researchers the world over can quickly search and access their holdings. However, librarians’ selfless devotion can act against us when users point to universality of access by holding up a cell phone and saying, “it’s all in here” as evidence that libraries are less vital for researchers today. Yet how was that universality of access made possible and, perhaps more importantly, how is it maintained? Who tends to what is preserved? When it comes to born-digital information, the terrifying answer can be if not librarians and archivists, then no one.  Digital information requires a great deal more care than analog. Even when a digital object is preserved, it may only be the carrier that’s saved, not the information itself. As technology advances and a format becomes obsolete (过时的), the object is useless. Have you ever stared helplessly at a ZIP disk, thinking: how do I get the files off this? Without constant migration of digital assets, a nightmare about the foreseeable future is what keeps historians up at night: a historical record that suddenly stops when digital replaces analog. As a librarian whose day job revolves around special collections and digital assets, I share the night terrors of historians, and I’d be lying if I said a comprehensive preservation solution currently exists. Yet researchers can take some comfort in the fact that there are a large number of librarians devoted to discovering, organizing, and preserving digital information for researchers current and future. While future researchers may find the digital realm a challenging place to do their work, they won’t find it an impossible one. 1．Why does the author mention the artifacts from the past? A．To bring up the issue of preservation. B．To comment on their historical value. C．To contrast them with everyday items. D．To introduce the collection of antiques. 2．According to paragraph 3, what may librarians’ work result in? A．Oversupply of materials. B．Undervaluation of libraries. C．Researchers’ underperformance. D．Users’ overreliance on technology. 3．Why is the “ZIP disk” cited as an example? A．To explain the way of getting off files saved in their carriers. B．To show the development of constantly migrating digital assets. C．To illustrate the possibility of losing information in obsolete formats. D．To reveal the inconvenience of storing information on analog devices. 4．Which of the following best summarizes the text? A．Hard work should be done to preserve artifacts. B．Contributions of librarians should be recognized. C．Accessing databases is essential to researchers. D．Keeping digital historical records is a challenge. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．D 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了数字信息的保存问题，提到数字信息需要比模拟信息更多的关注和维护，随着技术发展，数字格式可能过时导致信息丢失，虽然有很多图书馆员致力于发现、组织和保存数字信息，但目前还没有全面的保存解决方案，对未来研究人员来说，处理数字领域的工作是一个挑战。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“Visit any antiques store and you’ll encounter artifacts from the past, photographs, letters, a brochure detailing the Sinclair dinosaur exhibit from the 1964-65 World’s Fair, the ephemera (昙花一现之物) of history. Yet these objects aren’t truly ephemeral, because they’re still here, decades, even centuries later. Why? Because they’re tangible.(参观任何一家古董店，你都会看到过去的文物、照片、信件、一本详细介绍1964-65年世界博览会辛克莱恐龙展览的小册子，这是一段短暂的历史。然而，这些物体并不是真正短暂的，因为它们在几十年甚至几个世纪后仍然存在。为什么？因为它们是有形的。)”可知，文章开头提到在古董店能看到过去的手工艺品等，接着说这些物品并非真正昙花一现，因为它们是有形的。然后引出思考无形的数字信息的生命周期问题，即那些生产这些物品的人很少为其长期保存做准备。所以作者提到过去的手工艺品是为了引出关于保存的问题。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“However, librarians’ selfless devotion can act against us when users point to universality of access by holding up a cell phone and saying, “it’s all in here” as evidence that libraries are less vital for researchers today.(然而，当用户拿起手机说“都在这里”，指出图书馆对研究人员来说已经不那么重要时，图书馆员的无私奉献可能会对我们产生不利影响。)”可知，图书馆员无私的奉献反而可能对他们不利，因为用户会拿着手机说 “一切都在这里”，以此作为图书馆对如今的研究人员不那么重要的证据。这说明图书馆员的工作可能导致图书馆被低估。故选B项。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段中“Even when a digital object is preserved, it may only be the carrier that’s saved, not the information itself. As technology advances and a format becomes obsolete (过时的), the object is useless. Have you ever stared helplessly at a ZIP disk, thinking: how do I get the files off this?(即使一个数字对象被保存下来，它也可能只是被保存的载体，而不是信息本身。随着技术的进步和格式的过时，对象就变得无用了。你是否曾经无助地盯着一个ZIP磁盘，想着：我怎么才能把文件从这里弄出来？)”可知，即使数字对象被保存下来，可能保存的只是载体而不是信息本身，随着技术进步格式过时，对象就没用了，以ZIP磁盘为例就是为了说明在过时格式中丢失信息的可能性。故选C项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要讨论了数字信息的保存问题，提到数字信息需要比模拟信息更多的关注和维护，随着技术发展，数字格式可能过时导致信息丢失，虽然有很多图书馆员致力于发现、组织和保存数字信息，但目前还没有全面的保存解决方案，对未来研究人员来说，处理数字领域的工作是一个挑战。所以D选项“保存数字历史记录是一个挑战”能最好地总结文章内容。故选D项。 主题03 人与自我——生活与学习 Passage 1 （24-25高二下·山东省夏津第一中学·期中） Imagine waking up one morning to find your smartphone missing. You can no longer get guided to work, order your coffee, or connect with friends. For most of us, it is a nightmare（噩梦）. But it should not be exactly far-fetched. Despite being more digitally connected than ever, we are lonelier and more anxious. Anxiety rates increased by 25% globally. Depression now affects over 280 million people worldwide. All of this is due to our growing dependence on social media and smart technologies designed to offer quick relief but often at the expense of deep, meaningful engagement, which may further cause our loss of something easy to be ignored. While these conveniences offer short-term relief, they may weaken our thinking skills. For example, GPS has undeniably transformed how we travel. But a 2020 study found that frequent GPS users struggle more with self-guided navigation. Over time, those who depended more on GPS showed a sharp decline in spacial memory and problem-solving skills. However, reducing dependence on these conveniences can lead to discomfort. In seeking comfort today, we might be trading away some discomfort. That is the problem: the very discomfort we avoid is often what strengthens us. Viewing stress, a kind of discomfort, as a challenge rather than a threat leads to better outcomes. Research shows that mild stress can enhance adaptability. Neuroscience（神经科学） reveals that neuroplasticity—the brain's ability to form new connections—is enhanced through challenging experiences. This adaptability is crucial for developing resilience, （抗逆力）, a process fueled by both mental challenges and active effort. But this doesn't mean we should reject comfort entirely; it's to balance it with intentional discomfort. Think of it as “microdosing hardship”—a series of small, manageable difficulties that keep our mental and emotional muscles strong, such as writing with a pen, or washing dishes by hand. These small acts are enough to reawaken the resilience we've buried under layers of ease. So, the next time you feel the pull of ease, pause. Ask yourself: Is this momentary comfort helping me grow or is it keeping me stuck? Choosing discomfort isn't easy, but sometimes, it's worth it. 1．What does the underlined word “far-fetched” in Paragraph 1 probably mean? A．Possible to change. B．Certain to function. C．Unlikely to be settled. D．Unable to be accepted. 2．What may digital conveniences cause according to the text? A．The fast but worthless relief. B．The meaningful engagement. C．The loss of thinking capacity. D．The lack of necessary comfort. 3．Which is a real-life application of “microdosing hardship”? A．Taking the stairs instead of the lift. B．Ordering take-out food after work. C．Exploring a new city by using GPS. D．Writing an email using voice-to-text. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．GPS: the invisible cost of convenience B．Stress: the main cause of brain damage C．Discomfort: a hidden source of resilience D．Smartphones: barriers to human progress 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．C 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章探讨了现代社会中人们对数字技术的过度依赖及其带来的负面影响，强调了适度不适的重要性，并提出了通过“微量困难”（microdosing hardship）来增强个人适应力和韧性。 1．词句猜测题。根据第一段中“Imagine waking up one morning to find your smartphone missing. You can no longer get guided to work, order your coffee, or connect with friends. For most of us, it is a nightmare（噩梦）. But it should not be exactly far-fetched.(想象一下，有一天早上醒来，发现你的智能手机不见了。你再也不能用它导航去上班，点咖啡，或者和朋友联系了。对我们大多数人来说，这是一场噩梦。但这并不_____)”可知，这里的语境是假设智能手机突然消失的情景虽然令人不安，但它不应该是不能被接受的。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“All of this is due to our growing dependence on social media and smart technologies designed to offer quick relief but often at the expense of deep, meaningful engagement, which may further cause our loss of something easy to be ignored. While these conveniences offer short-term relief, they may weaken our thinking skills.(这一切都是因为我们越来越依赖社交媒体和智能技术，这些技术旨在提供快速的解脱，但往往以牺牲深刻而有意义的参与为代价，这可能会进一步导致我们失去一些容易被忽视的东西。虽然这些便利提供了短期的解脱，但它们可能会削弱我们的思维能力)”可知，数字便利可能导致思考能力的下降。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Think of it as “microdosing hardship”—a series of small, manageable difficulties that keep our mental and emotional muscles strong, such as writing with a pen, or washing dishes by hand.(把它想象成“微量困难”——一系列小的、可以管理的困难，这些困难能让我们的心理和情绪肌肉保持强壮，比如用笔写字，或者用手洗碗)”可知，采取“微量困难”的实际行动是做一些小的、可以管理的困难的事情，A选项“爬楼梯而不是乘电梯”符合“微量困难”的含义。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第二段中“Despite being more digitally connected than ever, we are lonelier and more anxious.(尽管我们比以往任何时候都更加数字化地联系在一起，但我们却更加孤独和焦虑)”、第三段中“While these conveniences offer short-term relief, they may weaken our thinking skills.(虽然这些便利提供了短期的解脱，但它们可能会削弱我们的思维能力)”以及第四段中“That is the problem: the very discomfort we avoid is often what strengthens us.(这就是问题所在：我们避免的不适往往正是让我们变得坚强的东西)”可知，文章主要讲述了现代生活中人们过于依赖智能手机和各种智能技术，造成了一些不良后果，如焦虑、抑郁、思维能力下降等。作者认为，我们应该适当减少对这些便利的依赖，通过面对一些“微小的不便”来增强自己的抗逆力，C选项“不适感：韧性的隐藏来源”最符合文章主旨。故选C。 Passage 2 （24-25高二下·浙江省杭州北斗联盟·期中） In 2024, the term “brain rot (脑腐)” gained popularity on social media as it reflected concerns about the overconsumption (过度消费) of low-quality online content. The widespread use of the term highlighted the harmful effects of Internet addiction, driving a travel trend known as “digital detox (排毒)”. In fact, digital detox isn’t a new concept. Brown University defines it as a set period during which people avoid using electronic devices. Due to growing interest in taking a break from technology while on vacation, tour operators are now offering digital detox trips, where travelers choose an Internet-free environment.When such a trip begins, travelers lock their devices in a storage box and only get them back at the end. Travelers who have joined digital detox trips confirm the various benefits of going phone-free. Without that distraction, the experience feels so much richer because they’re just immersed in (沉浸于) it, However, tech-free travel hasn’t yet become popular, as many people are still concerned about shutting off their devices completely. That concern makes sense. In an age when life and technology are more connected than ever, a full digital detox may not be realistic for most people. “Technology is very much a part of us now. We bank with an app, read restaurant menus on phones and even sweat with exercise instructors through a screen,” consultant Emily Cherkin told the BBC． While a digital detox is meant to reduce stress, shutting down devices may actually cause more anxiety. Rather than avoiding phones altogether, experts suggest a more realistic way to address Internet addiction. For those who can’t completely step away from screens, using screen-time tracking apps may help encourage more mindful phone habits. Ultimately, our focus should be on improving our long-term relationship with technology rather than depending on the digital detox industry as a short-term solution,lifestyle magazine Dazed commented. 1．Why does the author talk about the term “brain rot” in paragraph 1? A．To show the harmful effects of Internet addiction. B．To criticize the overconsumption of online content. C．To give an example of words popular on social media. D．To introduce a travel trend aimed at Internet addiction. 2．What can we know about “digital detox” from the text? A．It is a long-term solution to phone addiction. B．It means traveling without a cell phone in hand. C．It is bound to become very popular in the future. D．It has a strong practical significance to popularize. 3．What does the fourth paragraph focus on? A．Why travelers are right to be worried. B．Why technology is a part of our lives. C．Why a digital detox is meant to reduce stress. D．Why it’s necessary to turn off electronic devices. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．What are the benefits of being phone-free? B．Can we really avoid using electronic devices? C．Can digital detox trips really improve mental health? D．Why the term “brain rot” has become popular nowadays? 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。2024年，“脑腐”一词的广泛使用凸显了网瘾的有害影响，推动了一种被称为“数字排毒”的旅行趋势。但是这种旅行功效究竟如何呢？ 1．推理判断题。根据文章话题是“数字排毒”的旅行以及第一段中“The widespread use of the term highlighted the harmful effects of Internet addiction, driving a travel trend known as “digital detox(排毒)”.(这个词的广泛使用凸显了网瘾的有害影响，推动了一种被称为“数字排毒”的旅行趋势)”可知，作者在第一段中谈到“脑腐”这个词是为了介绍一种针对网瘾的旅游趋势。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“In fact, digital detox isn’t a new concept. Brown University defines it as a set period during which people avoid using electronic devices.(事实上，数字排毒并不是一个新概念。布朗大学将其定义为人们避免使用电子设备的一段时间)”可知，digital detox意味着旅行时不带手机。故选B。 3．主旨大意题。根据第四段内容，尤其是本段首句“That concern makes sense.(这种担忧不无道理)”可知，本段的重点是为什么旅行者的担心是正确的。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。第一段中“The widespread use of the term highlighted the harmful effects of Internet addiction, driving a travel trend known as ‘digital detox(排毒)’.(这个词的广泛使用凸显了网瘾的有害影响，推动了一种被称为‘数字排毒’的旅行趋势)”讲“脑腐”这个词的广泛使用凸显了网瘾的有害影响，推动了一种被称为“数字排毒”的旅行趋势，倒数第二段中“While a digital detox is meant to reduce stress, shutting down devices may actually cause more anxiety.(虽然电子排毒是为了减轻压力，但关闭电子设备实际上可能会导致更多的焦虑)”讲“虽然数字排毒旅行是为了减轻压力，但关闭电子设备实际上可能会导致更多的焦虑”，最后一段中“Ultimately, our focus should be on improving our long-term relationship with technology rather than depending on the digital detox industry as a short-term solution, lifestyle magazine Dazed commented.(生活杂志Dazed评论道，最终，我们的重点应该是改善我们与技术的长期关系，而不是依赖于数字排毒行业作为短期解决方案)”讲“最终，我们的重点应该是改善我们与技术的长期关系，而不是依赖于数字排毒行业作为短期解决方案”，故而，以“数字排毒之旅真的能改善心理健康吗？”为标题是很恰当的。故选C。 主题04 人与自我——做人与做事 Passage 1 （24-25高二下·山东青岛·期中） If you ever feel that the world is against you, you are not alone. We all have a tendency to assume that when anything goes wrong, the fault lies within some great intrigue (诡计) against us. If a co-worker fails the deadline, they must be trying to ruin career. When WiFi in a coffee shop is not working, the staff must be lying about having it to attract you in. But the simple fact is that these explanations, which we tend to jump to, are barely true. Maybe your co-worker thought today was Tuesday, not Wednesday. Maybe the WiFi router was just broken. This is where Hanlon’s razor comes in — a useful mental model that never credits to intentional harm that can be fully explained by ignorance. Applying Hanlon’s razor, a useful tool for rapid decision-making and intelligent comprehension, in our day-to-day lives allows us to become less judgmental, and improve reasoning skills. Meanwhile, Hanlon’s razor allows us to give people the benefit of the doubt, have more empathy (同理心) and teaches us not to assume the worst intention in the actions of others, the value of which is most pronounced in relationships, business matters, and personal happiness. We all lead complex lives where things are constantly going wrong. When this occurs, a common response is to blame the nearest person and assume they have bad intention. However, when someone messes up around us, we forget how many times we, too, have done the same. Instead, the perpetrator becomes a source of intense annoyance. To assume intention in such a situation is likely to worsen the problem. None of us can ever know what someone else wants to happen. Inability or ignorance is far more likely to be the cause than the desire to hurt. When a situation causes us to become angry or upset, it can be valuable to consider if those emotions are justified. Often, the best way to react to other people causing us problems is by seeking to educate them, not to dismiss them. In this way, we can avoid repeats of the same situation. 1．How do people typically react to failures according to the text? A．Face true ill intention. B．Shift current situations. C．Misplace blame on others. D．Seek trustworthy persons. 2．What does Hanlon’s razor refer to? A．It identifies who is to blame. B．It is a device for router repair. C．It avoids assuming harm by ignorance. D．It is an approach for colleague’s fault. 3．What does the underlined word “perpetrator” in paragraph 4 mean? A．An error maker. B．An issue fixer. C．A blame sharer. D．A familiar person. 4．What will probably be discussed next in the text? A．How to control the bad emotions. B．How to instruct others effectively. C．How to change the nervous relationship. D．How to avoid reappearance of the same situation. 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章围绕人们面对失败时的常见反应展开，介绍了“Hanlon’s razor”这一思维模型，阐述了该模型在日常生活决策、提升推理能力、改善人际关系等方面的作用，并指出在面对他人导致的问题时，应避免恶意揣测，尝试教育他人而非一味指责，以避免同样情况再次发生。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“If you ever feel that the world is against you, you are not alone. We all have a tendency to assume that when anything goes wrong, the fault lies within some great intrigue (诡计) against us.(如果你觉得这个世界在与你作对，你并不孤单。我们都有一种倾向，认为当事情出错时，错误在于某个针对我们的阴谋。)”可知，人们通常对失败的反应是错误地指责别人。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“But the simple fact is that these explanations, which we tend to jump to, are barely true. Maybe your co-worker thought today was Tuesday, not Wednesday. Maybe the WiFi router was just broken. This is where Hanlon’s razor comes in — a useful mental model that never credits to intentional harm that can be fully explained by ignorance.(但简单的事实是，我们倾向于得出的这些解释几乎是不真实的。也许你的同事认为今天是星期二，而不是星期三。也许Wi-Fi路由器坏了。这就是汉隆剃刀的原理——一个有用的思维模型，它从不归因于故意伤害，而这种伤害可以通过无知来完全解释。)”可知，汉隆剃刀指的是避免因无知而假设伤害。故选C。 3．词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“When this occurs, a common response is to blame the nearest person and assume they have bad intention. However, when someone messes up around us, we forget how many times we, too, have done the same.( 当这种情况发生时，一种常见的反应是责怪离自己最近的人，并认为他们怀有恶意。然而，当身边有人搞砸事情时，我们却忘记了自己也有过多少次同样的行为。)”可知，当有人把事情搞砸了，我们忘记了自己有多少次也犯了同样的错误，只是一味地认为犯错者是根源。由此可知，perpetrator意为“错误制造者”。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Often, the best way to react to other people causing us problems is by seeking to educate them, not to dismiss them. In this way, we can avoid repeats of the same situation.(通常，对别人给我们造成的问题做出反应的最好方法是寻求教育他们，而不是解雇他们。通过这种方式，我们可以避免同样的情况再次发生。)”可推知，文章接下来可能会讨论如何有效地指导他人。故选B。 Passage 2 （24-25高二下·江苏省南京市六校联合体·期中） People naturally want to share their beliefs and feelings with others. Whether positive or negative, opinions feel as though they were made for sharing. This has a solid logic: Sharing emotions and opinions can lead to imitation, which can in turn create a bond and more positive social interactions.      Besides creating a bond, another reason you might want to convince someone to model themselves on your feelings is to get them to change their views. To achieve that result, you can usually choose whether to present your views in a positive or negative way. So you might tell someone either that you’re voting for a particular presidential candidate because you believe this person will make the country stronger and fairer and you want that better future, or that the other candidate will ruin the society and anyone who disagrees is a fool. The approach you choose to persuading others depends on your goal and your audience. If your audience already agrees with you, negative presentation can strengthen their beliefs. For example, saying, “If we don’t vote for Candidate X, our society will suffer!” can motivate supporters. But this strategy won’t work on someone who disagrees — they’ll just dismiss your argument as unreasonable. Worse, if you express anger toward those who disagree, they may become even more opposed to your views. This is the so-called boomerang effect. In the 1960s, psychologists found that when people are severely questioned over the opinions they hold, they are much more likely to dig into their position. The boomerang effect can be hard to observe when people are dealing with a complex social interaction involving different opinions and feelings. To give an example: Imagine if someone brought you flowers but then hit you with them — you wouldn’t want to listen to them. The same happens when people use their opinions as weapons instead of gifts. If you want to persuade others, it’s better to share your views positively. In conclusion, to be more persuasive, manage your emotions and share them in a way that invites discussion rather than conflict. Instead of attacking others, try turning your opinions into gifts — something others might actually want to accept. 1．According to the passage, why do people naturally share their beliefs? A．To make social interactions meaningful. B．To question and correct others’ opinions. C．To strengthen interpersonal relationships. D．To set their views as a standard for others. 2．Compared to negative arguments, why might positive ones work better when persuading someone who disagrees? A．Negative arguments often make people defend themselves. B．Negative arguments including false facts can be misleading. C．Positive arguments can strengthen others’ different beliefs. D．Positive arguments often give rise to the boomerang effect. 3．To avoid the boomerang effect, what should you do when persuading others? A．Listen to others patiently. B．Express your views clearly. C．Allow for different voices. D．Present beautiful presents. 4．What does the author mainly convey in this passage? A．What matters in social interactions. B．How to tolerate different opinions. C．Why people love sharing opinions. D．How to make a difference to others. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了人们分享信念和感受的自然倾向，以及如何通过不同的方式来说服他人接受自己的观点。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“This has a solid logic: Sharing emotions and opinions can lead to imitation, which can in turn create a bond and more positive social interactions.(这背后有一个合理的逻辑：分享情感和观点可能引发模仿，进而建立纽带并促进更积极的社交互动。)”可知，人们自然分享信念是为了通过引发模仿来建立纽带，即加强人际关系。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Worse, if you express anger toward those who disagree, they may become even more opposed to your views. This is the so-called boomerang effect. In the 1960s, psychologists found that when people are severely questioned over the opinions they hold, they are much more likely to dig into their position.(更糟糕的是，如果你对持不同意见的人表达愤怒，他们可能会更加反对你的观点。这就是所谓的“飞去来器效应”。20世纪60年代，心理学家发现，当人们的观点受到严厉质疑时，他们更有可能坚定自己的立场。)”可知，消极的表达方式（如愤怒地质疑）会触发“飞去来器效应”，导致持不同意见者更坚定地捍卫自己的立场。而积极的方式则避免了这种对抗，因此更有效。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“In the 1960s, psychologists found that when people are severely questioned over the opinions they hold, they are much more likely to dig into their position.(20世纪60年代，心理学家发现，当人们的观点受到严厉质疑时，他们更有可能坚定自己的立场。)”可知，飞去来器效应源于对不同意见者的攻击或严厉质疑，导致对方更坚定反对立场。避免这一效应的关键在于最后一段“In conclusion, to be more persuasive, manage your emotions and share them in a way that invites discussion rather than conflict.(总之，要想更有说服力，就要管理好自己的情绪，并以引发讨论而非冲突的方式分享观点。)”提到的以引发讨论而非冲突的方式分享观点，也就是允许不同声音存在，避免攻击。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据文章内容可知，作者开篇讨论人们分享观点的自然倾向及其背后的逻辑（建立社交纽带），随后重点分析说服他人时积极与消极表达方式的效果差异，并通过“飞去来器效应”强调避免冲突、以积极方式分享观点的重要性，最终总结核心观点：管理情绪、用引发讨论的方式说服他人。全文围绕“说服他人改变观点的方法”展开，讨论积极与消极策略的效果，核心是“如何通过恰当方式影响他人”。故选D。 主题05 人与自然——自然生态与环境保护 Passage 1 （24-25高二下·山东聊城一中新校区·期中） While Matt Damon relied on potatoes cultivated in biowaste to survive in the hit film The Martian, the researchers say it is a humble desert moss (苔藓) that might prove crucial to establishing life on Mars. Scientists in China say they have found Syntrichia caninervis — a moss found in the Antarctic and desert — is able to bear Mars-like conditions, including drought, high levels of radiation and extreme cold. The moss was able to regenerate under normal growth conditions after spending up to five years at -80℃ and up to 30 days at -196℃, and after exposure to gamma rays, with doses of around 5,000Gy even promoting new growth. The team then created a set-up that had similar pressure, temperatures, gases and UV radiation to Mars. It found the moss survived in this Mars-like environment, and was able to regenerate under normal growth conditions, even after seven days of exposure. “These experiments represent an important first step, but they do not show that the moss could be a significant source of oxygen under Martian conditions, nor do they show that the desert moss could reproduce in the Martian context,” McDaniel said. “Implying that moss, or any other pioneering species, is ready to terraform (将行星地球化) Mars, or any other outer planet, is an overstatement,” Zupanska added. Dr. Wiger of Wageningen University & Research, also raised concerns, including that temperatures on the red planet rarely got above freezing, making outdoor plant growth impossible, while the new study did not use Mars-like soil. “The mosses were treated under Mars circumstances for a maximum of several days and then regrown under Earth conditions on sand,” he said. “This, of course, doesn’t show at all they can grow under Mars conditions.” However, Prof. Edward Guinan of Villanova University in the US described the study as impressive. “This extreme-tolerant moss could promise to be a pioneer plant for Mars colonization,” he said, although he noted that the moss would need water to grow. “We have a lot of things to do,” he said. “But this lowly desert moss offers hope for making small portions of Mars habitable to humankind in the future.” 1．What does the author want to illustrate by mentioning the potatoes? A．The potatoes played a crucial role in the film. B．The moss led to survival of the potatoes on Mars. C．The moss may survive on Mars like these potatoes. D．The success of the film resulted from the plot about potatoes. 2．What can be implied from what McDaniel and Zupanska said? A．The moss has a long way to be a Martian plant. B．It is unlikely that the earth species can grow on Mars. C．The experiments on the moss were a complete success. D．They will research into reproducing the moss in the Martian context. 3．Which one is right about the characteristic of the moss in the text? A．Resistant to water. B．Adaptable to Martian soil. C．Capable of producing oxygen on Mars.$ 专题04 阅读理解（议论文、新闻报道） 主题01 人与社会——历史、社会与文化 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二下·山东省菏泽市·期中） A 12-minute piece of music composed by Mozart has been discovered in a library in Germany. Researchers think the composer wrote the previously unknown piece-called Serenade in C-when he was a young teenager. The composition was found in the holdings of Germany’s Leipzig Municipal Libraries-some 280 miles north of Salzburg, Austria, where Mozart was born in 1756. Although Mozart wrote this piece when he was only a teenager, it was not uncommon for him to write music in his childhood. Mozart began to perform around Austria from the age of five and shortly afterwards became famous as a composer. Mozart probably wrote the recently discovered composition between the mid and late 1760s, according to a statement from the Leipzig Municipal Libraries. Library researchers were compiling (编辑) an edition of the Kochel catalog, a collection of Mozart’s works, when they came across a mysterious bound manuscript (装订好的手稿) containing a handwritten composition in brown ink. The composition is thought to have been written by Mozart. The handwriting, however, is not Mozart’s, suggesting that the manuscript is a copy of the original composition. The researchers think it was made around 1780. The researchers say the music fits stylistically with other works from the 1760s, when Mozart was between the ages of 10 and13. The young composer was no longer creating pieces that sounded like this one by the time he was in his late teens. In his early years, Mozart wrote many chamber works like Serenade in C, which his father recorded on a list of his son’s compositions. Many of these works were thought to have been lost to history. Luckily, this particular piece was saved–thanks to the composer’ s sister. “It looks as if a complete string trio (二重奏曲) has survived in Leipzig,” Leisinger, a worker from the International Mozarteum Foundation, says. “The source was obviously Mozart’s sister, who perhaps preserved the work in memory of her brother.” 1．What does the second paragraph intend to show about Mozart? A．His talent at a young age. B．His connection to Salzburg. C．His preference for performing. D．His popularity all around the world. 2．On what basis do the researchers date Serenade in C? A．The title of the composition. B．The style of the composition. C．The number in the Kochel catalog. D．The color of the ink used in the copy. 3．Why is Mozart’s sister mentioned? A．She had a positive influence on Mozart. B．She was the first to perform Serenade in C. C． She helped Mozart compose Serenade in C. D．She was the one who preserved Serenade in C. 4．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．Mozart’s Works Need Updating. B．Mozart’s Works Attract New Attention. C．A Lost Mozart Composition Was Discovered. D．Researchers Uncovered the Early Life of Mozart. Passage 2 （24-25高二下·浙江省六校联盟·期中） More than 20,000 ready-to-cook fotiaoqiang have been exported to the United States and Canada, marking the first international shipment for Juchunyuan, a time-honored Chinese food brand. Fotiaoqiang, also known as “Buddha Jumps over the Wall”, gets its name from a legend that its irresistible scent could tempt even a vegetarian Buddha to leap over a wall for a taste. This luxurious dish mixes expensive ingredients like abalone (鲍鱼), chicken, and mushrooms, which are slow-cooked for hours or even days to blend rich flavors. Dating back to the reign of Emperor Tongzhi (1862-1875) of the Qing Dynasty, it is often served at special events, symbolizing wealth and hospitality. The original recipe was created at Juchunyuan restaurant in Fuzhou, the capital city of Fujian. “For many overseas Chinese, fotiaoqiang is a must at Spring Festival feasts,” said Wang Yue, deputy general manager of Fuzhou Juchunyuan Group. Now, they are processed following the standards for ready-to-cook foods and then, they are distributed via a cold chain system. This keeps the traditional flavor preserved. It would have been very difficult to make and export Chinese delicacies like fotiaoqiang in large quantities due to the complexity of the traditional cooking method. The maturing of the ready-to-cooking food business has presented new opportunities for Chinese catering (饮食) companies to break into overseas markets, according to Wang. There are around 60 million overseas Chinese worldwide. This means there is huge potential for the export of Chinese foods. China’s abundant supply of agricultural produce, rich food culture, stable industry and supply chain, and policy support from local authorities in recent years, have collectively laid solid groundwork for taking ready-to-cook Chinese foods globally. In June, Fujian province hosted a special event for more than 40 suppliers. They were able to connect both online and offline with representatives of over 10 buyers from the US and Canada. This will help take the country’s food culture further to the world. 1．What can be learned about fotiaoqiang in the first two paragraphs? A．It was initially served in court. B．It has a fascinating religious origin. C．It is a dish with unique cultural identity. D．It mirrors a dialogue between different cultures. 2．What is the main challenge in exporting fotiaoqiang in large quantities? A．High costs of expensive ingredients. B．Limited cold chain technology. C．Less acceptance by vegetarian consumers. D．Technical complexity of cooking methods. 3．What does the underlined word “collectively” in the fourth paragraph mean? A．Jointly. B．Literally. C．Sincerely. D．Thoroughly. 4．What’s the passage mainly about? A．The cultural heritage value of Fujian’s iconic dish. B．The challenges of preserving traditional cooking skills. C．The global expansion of Chinese ready-to-cook foods. D．Authorities’support in boosting regional food exports. Passage 3 （24-25高二下·浙江省钱塘联盟·期中） A Dutch museum has recovered an artwork that looks like two empty beer cans after a staff member accidentally threw it in the rubbish bin. The work, entitled All the Good Times We Spent Together by the French artist Alexandre Lavet, appears on first glance to be two abandoned and dented (瘪的) beer tins. However, a closer look shows they are carefully hand-painted and required a lot of time and effort to create. Their artistic value was lost on a mechanic, who saw them displayed in a lift and threw them in the bin. The curator (馆长) Elisah van den Bergh returned from a short break and noticed the cans had disappeared. She recovered them from a bin bag just as they were about to be thrown out. Froukje Budding, of the LAM museum in Lisse, western Netherlands, said artworks were often left in unusual places—hence the display in a lift. “We try to surprise visitors for all the time,” she said. “We have now put the work in a more traditional place on a plinth (底座) so it can rest after its adventure.” She stressed there were no hard feelings towards the mechanic, who had just started at the museum, stating that he was simply performing his duties. Sietske van Zanten, the museum’s director, emphasized the museum’s mission to encourage visitors to see everyday objects in a new light. “By displaying artworks in unexpected places, we enhance this experience and keep visitors on their toes,” he added. Budding also noted the cans were unlikely to stay on their traditional plinth for long and that they needed to think hard about a careful place to put them next. 1．Why did the mechanic throw the artwork in the rubbish bin? A．Because it stood in the way. B．Because it took much space. C．Because it looked like real trash. D．Because it looked strange in the lift. 2．What was Budding’s attitude toward the mechanic’s behavior? A．Understanding. B．Concerned. C．Critical. D．Unforgiving. 3．What does the underlined phrase in paragraph 4 mean? A．Make visitors ready for surprises. B．Remind visitors of dangers. C．Warn visitors not to litter. D．Show visitors around the museum. 4．What might happen to the artwork in the future? A．It will be kept in a safe. B．It will be put in a selected place. C．It will be sent back to the lift. D．It will be placed in a traditional setting. 主题02 人与社会——社会进步与科技创新 Passage 1 （24-25高二下·山东青岛·期中） The introduction of artificial intelligence (AI) into healthcare has been regarded as a breakthrough for its potential to enhance diagnostic (诊断) speed and accuracy. However, a groundbreaking 2024 MIT study exposes a troubling reality: AI systems designed to detect diseases like cancer may accidentally cause health care inequalities due to biased (有偏见的) training data. Dr. Elena Torres, the study’s lead researcher, emphasizes that AI algorithms (算法) trained on datasets from urban, high-income hospitals often fail to account for the diversity of different groups of people. “For example,” she notes, “skin cancer detection models achieve 95% accuracy for light-skinned patients but drop to 62% for darker skin tones. This difference comes from training images not including enough diverse groups of people — less than 10% of skin databases have diverse data of different groups of people.” To quantify this bias, Torres’s team analyzed 4.3 million medical records and imaging datasets from 32 countries, spanning 2010–2023. Their findings revealed clear imbalances: 82% of data originated from North America and Europe, while African and South Asian regions contributed only 6%. Consequently, AI models struggled to recognize tropical diseases like cutaneous leishmaniasis, which mainly affect low-income populations. The study further identified “diagnostic prioritization bias.” Algorithms trained on Western data overly flagged common conditions (c. g., breast cancer) but failed to notice rare genetic disorders found in specific communities. In one trial, an AI system misdiagnosed 30% of sickle cell anemia cases in rural Kenyan clinics due to insufficient training examples. The MIT team suggests three steps to solve the problem: sharing data worldwide to make training materials more diverse, checking for bias during AI development, and creating algorithms that can adapt to local health trends. As Torres concludes, “Fair AI is not only right — it’s medically necessary.” 1．What is the central issue discussed in the study? A．High expenses of rural health care. B．Doctors’ resistance to AI adoption. C．Technical limitations of AI hardware. D．Unfair data causing diagnostic errors. 2．What contributes to the difference in AI algorithms’ accuracy rates? A．The lack of diverse training data. B．The complexity of AI algorithms. C．The focus on urban populations in research. D．Public bias towards urban high-income hospitals. 3．The term “diagnostic prioritization bias” in paragraph 4 refers to ______ . A．overemphasizing rare diseases B．traditional diagnosis methods C．relying too much on genetic testing D．overlooking region-specific illnesses 4．What does the MIT team advise in the last paragraph? A．How to improve the overall efficiency of AI systems. B．How to address the challenges of biased AI in health care. C．Ways of ensuring the proper use of AI in medical applications. D．Ways of promoting global cooperation in data science research. Passage 2 （24-25高二下·浙江省杭州市余杭区学军海创园·期中） A recent survey found children would rather be online influencers (网红) than astronauts. It made headlines and led to plenty of complaints about “kids these days”. Is influencing a promising career path? The lifestyles we see advertised on social media are enticing, but under the shining appearance lie uncertain income, pay inequality, disability and mental health issues. Successful influencers will be the first to claim that anyone can make it in the industry. However, social media economy experts uncovered a huge income gap between successful influencers and everyone else. For most people trying to become an influencer, their passion projects of content creation often become free work for brands. Most influencers are self-employed, often experiencing inconsistent income and a lack of protection that comes with long-term employment. The risks of self-employment are increased in the influencer industry by an absence of industry standards and little pay transparency. Influencers are often forced to assess their own value and determine fees for their work. As a result, content creators often undervalue their own creative labour, and many end up working for free. Influencers are also often at the mercy of algorithms — the behind-the-scenes computer programs that determine which posts are shown, in which order, to users. Platforms share little detail about their algorithms, yet they finally determine who and what gains visibility and influence on social media. The threat of invisibility is a constant source of insecurity for influencers, who are under constant pressure to feed platforms with content. If they don’t, they may be “punished” by the algorithm — having posts hidden or displayed lower down on search results. Constant online presence leads to one of the most common issues in the influencer industry: mental health concerns. Influencers can connect to their platform workspaces and audience at any time of day or night, which can lead to them overworking. Coupled with the fear of online criticism, it contributes to mental and physical health issues. Although becoming an influencer may look appealing to more and more people, the industry’s dark underside needs to be made visible and improved through enhanced employment regulation and industry-led cultural change. 1．Which of the following words cans replace “enticing” in Paragraph 1? A．Imaginative. B．Similar. C．Attractive. D．Traditional. 2．What’s one of the reasons for influencers’ undervaluing their creative work? A．Standardized protection. B．Invisibility of payment. C．Assessment of own work. D．Passion for content creation. 3．What may cause the influencers’ stress according to Paragraph 4? A．Having to work out the order of posts to be displayed. B．Finding it difficult to create new content constantly. C．Having little knowledge of platform algorithms. D．Being unequally punished by platforms. 4．Why does the author write this text? A．To show the dark side of working as an online content creator. B．To reveal relationships between platforms and influencers. C．To stress the importance of visibility in the online world. D．To describe the life of self-employed content creators. Passage 3 （24-25高二下·浙江省温州十校·期中） Automatic kitchens aren’t just sci-fi scenes from shows like Star Trek (《星际迷航》).Currently, robots are being used to fry chicken, create pizzas, prepare salads and much more. AI can invent recipes based on what a kitchen has. More advanced concepts are in development to automate kitchens for fine dining. Since technology tends to be expensive at first, restaurants and other businesses are the first to adopt AI kitchen technologies. Over time, prices are likely to fall, making these technologies accessible to the home market and potentially changing how homes and society function. The benefits of AI kitchens include enabling cooks to avoid boring tasks, such as peeling potatoes or standing at a workstation for hours. It can free up time, allowing people to focus on more important tasks. For personalized eating, AI can fit countless special diets and tastes on demand. However, there are risks to human well-being. Cooking is a good activity which helps with communication and self-expression, but these benefits can be decreased if the human element becomes unnecessary. In this way, family relationships might suffer without the cooperative kitchen environment. Furthermore, the kitchen serves as a science laboratory in the household, playing an important role in science education. The art of cooking helps kids to learn about materials, chemistry and problem-solving. Cultural risks must also be considered. For example, AI could mess up traditional recipes and methods, as it often stereotypes (把……模式化) or oversimplifies cultural details. This may result in AI and robot cooks producing less diverse dishes. Relying too heavily on technology in meal creation may result in a lack of variety, leading to the sameness in taste. This is similar to the strikingly similar appearance of AI-generated art images across different apps. Convenience can come at a great cost, so it’s important to consider the possible social disruptions (扰乱) that new technologies might bring, especially in areas like food that are closely tied to our everyday lives. 1．Which is a potential benefit of AI kitchens? A．Reducing kitchen waste and risks. B．Meeting personalized dietary needs. C．Strengthening family relationships. D．Improving the efficiency of cooking. 2．What might be a negative impact of AI kitchens on family life? A．Simplifying traditional cooking culture. B．Messing up traditional recipes and dishes. C．Reducing family communication and bonding. D．Forcing family members to change eating habits. 3．What is the author’s attitude to the widespread use of AI kitchens? A．Indifferent. B．Cautious. C．Unclear. D．Positive. 4．What can be the best title for the text? A．Great Role of AI in Modern Kitchens B．Potential and Future of AI in Kitchens C．Benefits and Challenges of AI Kitchens D．AI Robots Working in Automatic Kitchens 主题03 人与社会——社会生活与人际沟通 Passage 1 （24-25高二下·浙江省宁波六校·期中） Hollywood may have warned about the risks of striking up relationships with artificial intelligence in Spike Jonze’s latest feature ‘Her’. Set in the not-too-distant future, it tells the story of Twombly who finds himself falling in love with an artificially intelligent virtual assistant personified through a female voice. But one computer scientist says we may be missing a trick if we do not accept the positives that human-machine relationships have to offer. Tony Prescott, professor of cognitive robotics at the University of Sheffield argues that AI has an important role to play in preventing human loneliness. Just as we develop meaningful bonds with pets, so should we be open to the value of AI to adults, he says. The degree of the loneliness problem has become clear in recent years. In the UK, more than 79%, or nearly four million people, are known to experience chronic loneliness, meaning they feel lonely often or always. According to a Harvard study from 2021, more than a third of Americans feel serious loneliness, and some of the worst- affected are young adults and mothers with small children. The knock-on effects on wellbeing are also better understood. Loneliness is linked to more heart disease, dementia, stroke, depression, anxiety and premature death, with an impact on mortality (死亡率) equal to smoking up to 15 cigarettes a day. Failure to address the problem, would see the world continuing to splinter until we can no longer stand as a community. Whether AI can, or should, be part of the solution is not a new debate. Murali Doraiswamy, professor of psychiatry and medicine at Duke University in North Carolina, said: “Right now, all the evidence points to having a close human friend as the best solution for loneliness. But until society prioritizes social connectedness, robots are a solution for the millions of people who have no friends.” “We need to be careful to build in rules to ensure they are moral and trustworthy, and that privacy is protected.” 1．What does Spike Jonze’s Her focus on? A．Pets well-beings. B．Effects of Loneliness. C．AI’s personalized service. D．Human-machine relationships. 2．Why does the author cite the numbers in paragraph 3? A．To direct people’s attention to loneliness. B．To stress the gravity or loneliness in the world. C．To compare loneliness cases in the UK and USA． D．To clarify people’s misconception about loneliness. 3．What does the underlined word “splinter” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Unite. B．Expand. C．Divide. D．Advance. 4．What does Doraiswamy think of turning to Al for company? A．It is highly debatable. B．It is not theoretically based. C．It takes longer time to see its effect. D．It is workable but needs more guidance. Passage 2 （24-25高二下·浙江省七彩阳光新高考研究联盟·期中） Every Wednesday, retiree Zhang Zhili travels an hour by bus to an education center, drawn by the pulsing rhythms of the African drum she plays there in a classroom filled with fellow retirees whose hands move together, every beat lifting her spirits. Many older Chinese are looking beyond traditional nursing homes, afraid of abandonment by their families and quality issues. That’s driving a boom in universities, home care services, and communities catering to older adults. Though some providers struggle to turn a profit, they persist because they see promise in the growing market. China has a rapidly aging population. Last year, about 297 million people were aged 60 or above, over one-fifth of the population. By 2035, this number is forecast to go beyond 400 million, or over 30% of all Chinese. That’s fueling growth in services and products aimed at older adults in what Beijing calls the silver economy, which is expected to grow from about 7 trillion yuan (about $982 billion) currently to approximately 30 trillion yuan (about $4.2 trillion) in 2035, raising its share in the economy from about 6% to roughly 10%, Hu Zuquan, a researcher at the State Information Center, a public institution linked to with China’s main planning agency, told state media. The government is expanding basic care services to all elderly people in need, moving beyond its traditional focus on those without family support. Various companies are looking to grab a slice of this government-backed market. Property developers like Vanke Co. and Sino-Ocean Group and insurance companies such as Taikang Insurance Group have built high-end communities for older adults with amenities such as movie-screening and mahjong rooms and dining services. Still, questions remain about the spending power of many older Chinese. China’s silver economy is still in its early stage, said Gary Ng, a senior economist at Natixis Corporate and Investment Banking. “There are prospects here, but it seems there’s still much that needs to be done,” he said. 1．What can be inferred about Zhang Zhili from the first paragraph? A．She seeks joy and socializes with others. B．She learns a new skill and prepares for future employment. C．She struggles with loneliness and relies on her family for support. D．She prioritizes exercise and improves her physical health. 2．What is the main reason for the rise of the silver economy? A．China’s rapidly aging population creating market demand. B．Technological advancements in elderly care products. C．Government restrictions on traditional nursing homes. D．A cultural shift toward valuing individualism over family care. 3．What did Gary Ng think about China’s silver economy? A．It has already reached maturity and requires no further investment. B．It faces challenges with rural gaps and unstable profits. C．It targets urban wealthy and ignores ordinary seniors. D．It shows potential but significant efforts remain necessary. 4．Which of the following is the best title for the article? A．The Challenges of Silver Economy in China B．The Reason for Silver Economy in Chinese Society C．The Impact of the Silver Economy in China D．The Rise of the Silver Economy in China 主题04 人与自我——生活与学习 Passage 1 （24-25高二下·山东省淄博市高青县·期中） Like many people over the past few years, I have found myself turning to audiobooks as my main means of reading literature. I find it far more comfortable to “read with my ears” while my eyes are resting. My consumption of new books has doubled as a result--but a recent paper makes me wonder if this will come at the price of my comprehension. The study comes from Boaz Keysar and Janet Geipel, both at the University of Chicago, and it draws from the “dual process model” of mental processing. According to this-view, we have two ways of assessing information. System 1 is intuitive (直觉的),  relying on natural ability and feeling. It is quick, but likely exposed to misinformation. System 2 is analytical involving the use of logic reasoning. It is mentally demanding. When it is engaged, we think our way through the material step by step. For decades, psychologists have designed various tests to determine which of these two systems a person is using. As one example, consider the/ following question: How many animals of each kind did Moses take on the Ark (方舟)? If you answered two, you were probably only considering the core of the question, which is System 1 thinking. To get to the right answer-zero, you need to think more carefully about the wording, which would allow you to remember it was Noah who built the Ark, not Moses. That is the kind of analytical process. Keysar and Geipel’s brilliant idea was to investigate whether the sensory form-seeing vs. hearing-of the information would make a difference. They found that it did: when answering these kinds of simple questions, participants were more likely to make errors when the sentences were spoken out loud, rather than written. A greater reliance on our feelings could be a problem if we are consuming information that needs logical study. For this reason. I will return to reading non-fiction with my eyes rather than my ears. But I won’t stop listening to novels. I am quite happy to go with the flow of my emotions while my critical mind takes a break. 1．What does the author think of listening to audiobooks? A．It is economical. B．It is demanding. C．It is time-consuming. D．It is relaxing. 2．Which of the following best describes System 2 model? A．Fairly reliable. B．Fully automatic. C．Question-centered. D．Emotion-involved. 3．Why is the Ark mentioned in Paragraph 3? A．To present a fact. B．To illustrate a view. C．To introduce a topic. D．To draw a conclusion. 4．What does the author intend to tell us? A．Listening to books comes at a price. B．Reading non-fiction books benefits. C．Critical thinking is a must in reading. D．Ways of processing information differ. Passage 2 （24-25高二下·江苏省南京市南京师范大学附属中学·期中） During the Paris Olympic Games, Google unveiled an Olympics-themed advertisement to promote its Gemini AI chatbot. Surprisingly, the ad sparked heated criticism, leading Google to remove it a week after its release. The ad showed a father using Google’s Gemini AI chatbot to help his daughter write a fan letter to US Olympic track star. Sydney McLaughlin-Levrone. In the ad, the father believes AI will do a better job than himself, “she wants to show Sydney some love and I’m pretty good with words but this has to be just right.” However, this idea didn’t win over viewers. “This advertisement is misleading, as it overestimates AI’s ability to understand and convey the subtle differences of human emotions and thoughts,” wrote Shelly Palmer, a media processor at Syracuse University in the US, in a blog post. “Who wants an AI-written fan letter?” one viewer added. Viewers also expressed concern that too much reliance on AI tools could ruin children’s learning opportunities. “Instead of guiding her to use her own words and communicate authentically (真实地), [the father] is teaching her to rely on AI for this critical human skill,” said Palmer. Palmer stressed that our use of language deeply shapes our reality. For example, you or I might refer to a color as “red”, but that same color might be labeled “scarlet” by an artist or “dark rose” by an interior designer. Language not only communicates information but also reflects the speaker’s unique perspective. “Google seems to suggest that this young girl doesn’t need to develop her own ability to express and shape her reality,” said Palmer. The use of generative AI also lacks the emotional depth that comes from personal expression. Palmer once received a message from a reader years ago that read: “You’re too stupid to own a smart phone.” He loved this humorously sarcastic (讽刺的) email so much that he had it framed on his office wall. “It was honest, direct (and probably accurate),” he said. “Give me a heartfelt message over a grammatically correct, AI-generated message any day.” 1．What does the underlined word “unveiled” in paragraph 1 most probably mean? A．Removed. B．Released. C．Dismissed. D．Disapproved. 2．Why did Google’s Olympics-themed advertisement receive criticism? A．It discouraged children from learning proper writing techniques through AI. B．It inaccurately described the capabilities of Gemini AI in grammar correction. C．It overestimated the importance of emotional depth in human communication. D．It suggested AI could replace authentic human expression in emotional contexts. 3．What does Shelly Palmer imply by mentioning the example of color descriptions? A．Professional terms are essential for accurate communication. B．AI struggles to distinguish slight differences in vocabulary usage. C．Standardized language ensures efficient information transmission. D．Language mirrors personal viewpoints and constructs one’s reality. 4．Which of the following can be the best title for the passage? A．Can AI Paint Human Souls? B．Can AI Silence Human Voices? C．Olympic Spark: AI Language Learning D．AI Criticism: Gemini’s Expression Error 主题05 人与自然——自然生态与环境保护 Passage 1 （24-25高二下·江苏省苏州市工业园区南京航空航天大学苏州附属中学·期中） “Shhh!” This is the demand that eco-acoustics (生态声学) researcher Jerome Sueur makes of humanity. The noises of technology spread across even the remotest corners of the planet. Sueur explores the impact of the ever-present sound on the animal world in Natural History of Silence. Between travelogue-style chapters and philosophical reflections, the book covers many key terms and theories, such as the acoustic niche hypothesis (声学生态位假说), which assumes that each species has its own acoustic space to improve communication with its own kind and limit sound competition from other species. Sueur’s point is this: silence is a crucial resource, like food or water, which species compete for to survive. “Making sound is important,” he writes. But humans need to “make sure we are not more alive than others”. When the COVID-19 pandemic (流行病) unexpectedly put human activities on hold, noise-monitoring organizations in France recorded a 60 – 75% drop in sound levels in many cities. Globally, wildlife communication changed during lockdowns. Fish and dolphins off the coast of New Zealand extended the range of their calls by 65% owing to a sharp reduction in boat travel. However, when humans emerged from their homes, so did all human-generated sounds and their harmful effects on natural systems, Sueur writes. Sueur calls for a greater awareness of the need to preserve zones where noise is not welcome, effectively proposing a global network of silent shelters for wildlife. The book, thus, highlights an imaginary dividing line between humanity and nature — an approach to conservation that has thwarted contemporary environmentalists who believe true conservation success comes from building a harmonious bond with nature. Some even argue against it in public and attempt to seek more all-around solutions that involve local and indigenous (本土) communities. To encourage readers to act, the book could have included stories about successful no-fly zones where communities are working to address the problem. But the focus on solutions is narrow. Instead, his winding and wordy writing often carries a tone of anger, which could drive away the people he wants to silence. 1．What does the acoustic niche hypothesis assume? A．Species use sounds to communicate. B．Each species has a unique sound range. C．Species compete for sound resources. D．Making sound is the key to survival. 2．Why are fish and dolphins mentioned in paragraph 3? A．To show the destruction caused by the pandemic. B．To stress the role of animals in the local ecosystem. C．To illustrate the impact of human activities on wildlife. D．To compare responses of different animals to lockdowns. 3．What does the underlined word “thwarted” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Enlightened. B．Transformed. C．Misled. D．Discouraged. 4．What can we learn about the book from the last paragraph? A．It is written in an objective tone. B．It serves its writing purpose well. C．It fails to relate to certain readers. D．It conveys rather shallow ideas. Passage 2 （24-25高二下·江苏省江阴市·期中） We are all aware of the damaging pollution that’s created by driving petrol and diesel (柴油) vehicles. Many of the world’s cities are blocked with traffic, creating fumes containing gases such as nitrogen oxides. The solution for a cleaner, greener future could be electric vehicles. But how optimistic should we be? There was much excitement last year when the UK government announced it will ban the sale of new petrol and diesel cars from 2030. But is that easier said than done? The road to global traffic being totally electric is still a long way off. Currently, battery life is an issue — a fully charged battery won’t take you as far as a full tank of petrol. There are also limited numbers of charging points to plug an EV into. Of course, technology is always improving. Some of the biggest tech companies, like Google and Tesla, are spending huge amounts of money developing electric cars. And most of the big car manufacturers are now making them too. Colin Herron, a consultant on low-carbon vehicle technology, told the BBC: “The big leap forward will come with solid state batteries, which will appear first in mobile phones and laptops before they progress to cars.” These will charge more quickly and give cars a bigger range. Cost is another issue that may discourage people switching to electric power. But some countries offer incentive, such as cutting prices by reducing import taxes, and not charging for road tax and parking. Some also provide exclusive lanes for electric cars to be driven on, overtaking traditional cars which might be stuck in jams. These kinds of measures have made Norway the country with the most electric cars per capita (人均) at more than thirty electric cars per 1000 inhabitants. But Colin Herron warns that “electric motoring” doesn’t mean a zero-carbon future. “It’s emission-free motoring, but the car has to be built, the battery has to be built, and the electricity does come from somewhere.” Maybe it’s time to think about making fewer journeys or using public transport. 1．What can we infer from the question at the end of paragraph 1? A．We should not be too optimistic about the future. B．Electric vehicles may not solve the traffic problems. C．It’s not a good idea to replace petrol vehicles with electric ones. D．It is not easy to obtain a greener future by means of electric vehicles. 2．What does the underlined word “incentive” mean in paragraph 2? A．payment B．income C．encouragement D．method 3．Which statement is true according to the passage? A．Electric motoring will create a zero-carbon future. B．Electric cars might not get stuck in traffic jams in the future. C．There are four obstacles on the road to global traffic being totally electric. D．Putting solid-state batteries in electric cars first will be a “great leap forward”. 4．What is the most suitable title for the text? A．Total Electric Traffic: a Long Way to Go B．Electric Vehicles: a Road to a Greener Future C．Electric Power or Petrol: a Tough Decision to Make D．Petrol and Diesel Vehicles: a Main source of Gases 主题01 人与社会——历史、文化与传统 Passage 1 （24-25高二下·浙江省丽水发展共同体·期中） The Chinese animated film Ne Zha 2 has taken theaters by storm both in China and worldwide since its release on January 29. Yet for Lyu Yanting, the voice behind the main character Nezha, the film’s success was unimaginable when she first took on the role. “I saw it as just another dubbing (配音) project,” Lyu recalled. As she explored Nezha’s lines and story, she realized that this adaptation offered a fresh take on the legendary character. Nezha’s origins trace back to the Tang Dynasty, when he was first pictured as a heavenly guardian. Over the centuries, his image evolved through cultural reinterpretations — transforming into a rebellious (叛逆的) figure who fights against fate and authority, fights for his beliefs and loved ones, and grows into a powerful warrior by overcoming hardship. Lyu found herself deeply resonating with this modern version of Nezha, particularly his determination, sincerity, and resilience. This connection made her performance feel authentic, as if she were drawing on real emotions rather than simply acting. However, finding a role that is naturally consistent with oneself is rare. This is why Lyu believes that professional voice actors must constantly refine their skills, always preparing for any character that may come their way. “To be a good voice actor, you need to empathize, imagine, and truly understand the character, which requires both life experience and the ability to see things from different perspectives,” Lyu said, “Only by combining personal experience with professional training can you bring different characters to life.” To achieve that, immersion is key. Before voicing Nezha, Lyu spent years in being alone to improve her skills. “I was fascinated by anything related to vocal expression — I explored and analyzed it to see how it could enhance my future work. That was simply my passion,” she said. Thanks to those years, Lyu was well-prepared when she landed the role of Nezha. Although she describes her newfound recognition as “a pure stroke of luck”, it was much more than that. 1．What did Lyu Yanting think of her role as Nezha at first? A．She initially expected the success of the role. B．She believed the role was too challenging for her. C．She initially underestimated the importance of the role. D．She thought the role was not suitable for her personality. 2．Which is closest in meaning to “resilience” in paragraph 3? A．Physical strength. B．Tendency to avoid challenges. C．Artistic creativity. D．Ability to recover from difficulties. 3．According to the passage, which best describes Lyu Yanting? A．Dedicated and self-motivated. B．Easy going and devoted. C．Ambitious and competitive. D．Empathetic and considerate. 4．What mainly contributes to Lyu’s success in voicing Nezha? A．Her good preparation and passion. B．Her determination to voice Nezha. C．The popularity of the film Ne Zha 2. D．The years of being alone to voice Nezha. 主题02 人与社会——社会进步与科技创新 Passage 1 （24-25高二下·浙江省宁波市北仑中学·期中） Arthur Lih of Massapequa sold his first LifeVac, a device to help save people’s life, to a fire department about 18 months ago, when the Jericho Fire Department purchased 21 of the devices. Now about 10 Long Island fire departments have purchased Lih’s invention, which is designed to draw foreign objects from the throats of choking victims when procedures such as the Heimlich Maneuver (海姆立克急救法) don’t work. He has sold about 5,000 LifeVac devices in the United States and abroad since the device went on the market in August 2014. The Freeport Fire Department is one of Lih’s clients. It bought about 25 LifeVac devices to put on trucks, as well as in chiefs’ vehicles, said Ray Maguire, the department’s executive director. “It’s an extra tool in the toolbox,” Maguire said. “I’d be surprised if anyone who sees it doesn’t purchase it. It’s that tool you may only need once, but it’s the tool you really want in case you need it. It’s affordable. I have it in my car. I have one at home, too.” Dr. Lee Smith at Northwell Health said that if a choking victim can’t breathe, he or she becomes a candidate for the Heimlich. If the Heimlich doesn’t work, the victim would probably lose consciousness because of a lack of oxygen. A challenge for any new medical device is convincing potential users that it works and is safe. In tests, the LifeVac successfully removed an obstruction (阻塞物) from the throat of a dead human body on the first try 49 out of 50 times, according to an August research article in the American Journal of Emergency Medicine. Lih invented the product in his garage, inspired after he went with a friend to a hospital while the friend’s mother was going through tests. The friend said the last time he was there, a 7-year-old child had choked to death on a grape. 1．What’s the function of the LifeVac device? A．To put out the fire. B．To remove foreign objects. C．To design procedures. D．To treat victims’ throats. 2．What does Paragraph 2 mainly tell us about the invention? A．Its target users. B．Its practical necessity. C．Its major advantages. D．Its reasonable price 3．What inspired Lih to invent the product? A．A kid’s death. B．His client’s suggestion. C．A garage accident. D．Material rewards. 4．What is the text mainly about? A．A productive inventor. B．A convincing cure. C．An anti-choking device. D．An important toolbox. Passage 2 （24-25高二下·江苏省南京外国语学校·期中） Visit any antiques store and you’ll encounter artifacts from the past, photographs, letters, a brochure detailing the Sinclair dinosaur exhibit from the 1964-65 World’s Fair, the ephemera (昙花一现之物) of history. Yet these objects aren’t truly ephemeral, because they’re still here, decades, even centuries later. Why? Because they’re tangible. Have you thought about the life cycle of intangible formats, digital information, given that those who produce these artifacts seldom make preparations for their long-term preservation? At the time of creation, no attempts were made at intentional preservation, yet analog (模拟的) materials have a chance of surviving and serving as the historical record that biographers, historians, and novelists rely on. Libraries and archives have traditionally shouldered the responsibility of organization, preservation, and access to information. Librarians digitize the tangible so that researchers the world over can quickly search and access their holdings. However, librarians’ selfless devotion can act against us when users point to universality of access by holding up a cell phone and saying, “it’s all in here” as evidence that libraries are less vital for researchers today. Yet how was that universality of access made possible and, perhaps more importantly, how is it maintained? Who tends to what is preserved? When it comes to born-digital information, the terrifying answer can be if not librarians and archivists, then no one.  Digital information requires a great deal more care than analog. Even when a digital object is preserved, it may only be the carrier that’s saved, not the information itself. As technology advances and a format becomes obsolete (过时的), the object is useless. Have you ever stared helplessly at a ZIP disk, thinking: how do I get the files off this? Without constant migration of digital assets, a nightmare about the foreseeable future is what keeps historians up at night: a historical record that suddenly stops when digital replaces analog. As a librarian whose day job revolves around special collections and digital assets, I share the night terrors of historians, and I’d be lying if I said a comprehensive preservation solution currently exists. Yet researchers can take some comfort in the fact that there are a large number of librarians devoted to discovering, organizing, and preserving digital information for researchers current and future. While future researchers may find the digital realm a challenging place to do their work, they won’t find it an impossible one. 1．Why does the author mention the artifacts from the past? A．To bring up the issue of preservation. B．To comment on their historical value. C．To contrast them with everyday items. D．To introduce the collection of antiques. 2．According to paragraph 3, what may librarians’ work result in? A．Oversupply of materials. B．Undervaluation of libraries. C．Researchers’ underperformance. D．Users’ overreliance on technology. 3．Why is the “ZIP disk” cited as an example? A．To explain the way of getting off files saved in their carriers. B．To show the development of constantly migrating digital assets. C．To illustrate the possibility of losing information in obsolete formats. D．To reveal the inconvenience of storing information on analog devices. 4．Which of the following best summarizes the text? A．Hard work should be done to preserve artifacts. B．Contributions of librarians should be recognized. C．Accessing databases is essential to researchers. D．Keeping digital historical records is a challenge. 主题03 人与自我——生活与学习 Passage 1 （24-25高二下·山东省夏津第一中学·期中） Imagine waking up one morning to find your smartphone missing. You can no longer get guided to work, order your coffee, or connect with friends. For most of us, it is a nightmare（噩梦）. But it should not be exactly far-fetched. Despite being more digitally connected than ever, we are lonelier and more anxious. Anxiety rates increased by 25% globally. Depression now affects over 280 million people worldwide. All of this is due to our growing dependence on social media and smart technologies designed to offer quick relief but often at the expense of deep, meaningful engagement, which may further cause our loss of something easy to be ignored. While these conveniences offer short-term relief, they may weaken our thinking skills. For example, GPS has undeniably transformed how we travel. But a 2020 study found that frequent GPS users struggle more with self-guided navigation. Over time, those who depended more on GPS showed a sharp decline in spacial memory and problem-solving skills. However, reducing dependence on these conveniences can lead to discomfort. In seeking comfort today, we might be trading away some discomfort. That is the problem: the very discomfort we avoid is often what strengthens us. Viewing stress, a kind of discomfort, as a challenge rather than a threat leads to better outcomes. Research shows that mild stress can enhance adaptability. Neuroscience（神经科学） reveals that neuroplasticity—the brain's ability to form new connections—is enhanced through challenging experiences. This adaptability is crucial for developing resilience, （抗逆力）, a process fueled by both mental challenges and active effort. But this doesn't mean we should reject comfort entirely; it's to balance it with intentional discomfort. Think of it as “microdosing hardship”—a series of small, manageable difficulties that keep our mental and emotional muscles strong, such as writing with a pen, or washing dishes by hand. These small acts are enough to reawaken the resilience we've buried under layers of ease. So, the next time you feel the pull of ease, pause. Ask yourself: Is this momentary comfort helping me grow or is it keeping me stuck? Choosing discomfort isn't easy, but sometimes, it's worth it. 1．What does the underlined word “far-fetched” in Paragraph 1 probably mean? A．Possible to change. B．Certain to function. C．Unlikely to be settled. D．Unable to be accepted. 2．What may digital conveniences cause according to the text? A．The fast but worthless relief. B．The meaningful engagement. C．The loss of thinking capacity. D．The lack of necessary comfort. 3．Which is a real-life application of “microdosing hardship”? A．Taking the stairs instead of the lift. B．Ordering take-out food after work. C．Exploring a new city by using GPS. D．Writing an email using voice-to-text. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．GPS: the invisible cost of convenience B．Stress: the main cause of brain damage C．Discomfort: a hidden source of resilience D．Smartphones: barriers to human progress Passage 2 （24-25高二下·浙江省杭州北斗联盟·期中） In 2024, the term “brain rot (脑腐)” gained popularity on social media as it reflected concerns about the overconsumption (过度消费) of low-quality online content. The widespread use of the term highlighted the harmful effects of Internet addiction, driving a travel trend known as “digital detox (排毒)”. In fact, digital detox isn’t a new concept. Brown University defines it as a set period during which people avoid using electronic devices. Due to growing interest in taking a break from technology while on vacation, tour operators are now offering digital detox trips, where travelers choose an Internet-free environment.When such a trip begins, travelers lock their devices in a storage box and only get them back at the end. Travelers who have joined digital detox trips confirm the various benefits of going phone-free. Without that distraction, the experience feels so much richer because they’re just immersed in (沉浸于) it, However, tech-free travel hasn’t yet become popular, as many people are still concerned about shutting off their devices completely. That concern makes sense. In an age when life and technology are more connected than ever, a full digital detox may not be realistic for most people. “Technology is very much a part of us now. We bank with an app, read restaurant menus on phones and even sweat with exercise instructors through a screen,” consultant Emily Cherkin told the BBC． While a digital detox is meant to reduce stress, shutting down devices may actually cause more anxiety. Rather than avoiding phones altogether, experts suggest a more realistic way to address Internet addiction. For those who can’t completely step away from screens, using screen-time tracking apps may help encourage more mindful phone habits. Ultimately, our focus should be on improving our long-term relationship with technology rather than depending on the digital detox industry as a short-term solution,lifestyle magazine Dazed commented. 1．Why does the author talk about the term “brain rot” in paragraph 1? A．To show the harmful effects of Internet addiction. B．To criticize the overconsumption of online content. C．To give an example of words popular on social media. D．To introduce a travel trend aimed at Internet addiction. 2．What can we know about “digital detox” from the text? A．It is a long-term solution to phone addiction. B．It means traveling without a cell phone in hand. C．It is bound to become very popular in the future. D．It has a strong practical significance to popularize. 3．What does the fourth paragraph focus on? A．Why travelers are right to be worried. B．Why technology is a part of our lives. C．Why a digital detox is meant to reduce stress. D．Why it’s necessary to turn off electronic devices. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．What are the benefits of being phone-free? B．Can we really avoid using electronic devices? C．Can digital detox trips really improve mental health? D．Why the term “brain rot” has become popular nowadays? 主题04 人与自我——做人与做事 Passage 1 （24-25高二下·山东青岛·期中） If you ever feel that the world is against you, you are not alone. We all have a tendency to assume that when anything goes wrong, the fault lies within some great intrigue (诡计) against us. If a co-worker fails the deadline, they must be trying to ruin career. When WiFi in a coffee shop is not working, the staff must be lying about having it to attract you in. But the simple fact is that these explanations, which we tend to jump to, are barely true. Maybe your co-worker thought today was Tuesday, not Wednesday. Maybe the WiFi router was just broken. This is where Hanlon’s razor comes in — a useful mental model that never credits to intentional harm that can be fully explained by ignorance. Applying Hanlon’s razor, a useful tool for rapid decision-making and intelligent comprehension, in our day-to-day lives allows us to become less judgmental, and improve reasoning skills. Meanwhile, Hanlon’s razor allows us to give people the benefit of the doubt, have more empathy (同理心) and teaches us not to assume the worst intention in the actions of others, the value of which is most pronounced in relationships, business matters, and personal happiness. We all lead complex lives where things are constantly going wrong. When this occurs, a common response is to blame the nearest person and assume they have bad intention. However, when someone messes up around us, we forget how many times we, too, have done the same. Instead, the perpetrator becomes a source of intense annoyance. To assume intention in such a situation is likely to worsen the problem. None of us can ever know what someone else wants to happen. Inability or ignorance is far more likely to be the cause than the desire to hurt. When a situation causes us to become angry or upset, it can be valuable to consider if those emotions are justified. Often, the best way to react to other people causing us problems is by seeking to educate them, not to dismiss them. In this way, we can avoid repeats of the same situation. 1．How do people typically react to failures according to the text? A．Face true ill intention. B．Shift current situations. C．Misplace blame on others. D．Seek trustworthy persons. 2．What does Hanlon’s razor refer to? A．It identifies who is to blame. B．It is a device for router repair. C．It avoids assuming harm by ignorance. D．It is an approach for colleague’s fault. 3．What does the underlined word “perpetrator” in paragraph 4 mean? A．An error maker. B．An issue fixer. C．A blame sharer. D．A familiar person. 4．What will probably be discussed next in the text? A．How to control the bad emotions. B．How to instruct others effectively. C．How to change the nervous relationship. D．How to avoid reappearance of the same situation. Passage 2 （24-25高二下·江苏省南京市六校联合体·期中） People naturally want to share their beliefs and feelings with others. Whether positive or negative, opinions feel as though they were made for sharing. This has a solid logic: Sharing emotions and opinions can lead to imitation, which can in turn create a bond and more positive social interactions.      Besides creating a bond, another reason you might want to convince someone to model themselves on your feelings is to get them to change their views. To achieve that result, you can usually choose whether to present your views in a positive or negative way. So you might tell someone either that you’re voting for a particular presidential candidate because you believe this person will make the country stronger and fairer and you want that better future, or that the other candidate will ruin the society and anyone who disagrees is a fool. The approach you choose to persuading others depends on your goal and your audience. If your audience already agrees with you, negative presentation can strengthen their beliefs. For example, saying, “If we don’t vote for Candidate X, our society will suffer!” can motivate supporters. But this strategy won’t work on someone who disagrees — they’ll just dismiss your argument as unreasonable. Worse, if you express anger toward those who disagree, they may become even more opposed to your views. This is the so-called boomerang effect. In the 1960s, psychologists found that when people are severely questioned over the opinions they hold, they are much more likely to dig into their position. The boomerang effect can be hard to observe when people are dealing with a complex social interaction involving different opinions and feelings. To give an example: Imagine if someone brought you flowers but then hit you with them — you wouldn’t want to listen to them. The same happens when people use their opinions as weapons instead of gifts. If you want to persuade others, it’s better to share your views positively. In conclusion, to be more persuasive, manage your emotions and share them in a way that invites discussion rather than conflict. Instead of attacking others, try turning your opinions into gifts — something others might actually want to accept. 1．According to the passage, why do people naturally share their beliefs? A．To make social interactions meaningful. B．To question and correct others’ opinions. C．To strengthen interpersonal relationships. D．To set their views as a standard for others. 2．Compared to negative arguments, why might positive ones work better when persuading someone who disagrees? A．Negative arguments often make people defend themselves. B．Negative arguments including false facts can be misleading. C．Positive arguments can strengthen others’ different beliefs. D．Positive arguments often give rise to the boomerang effect. 3．To avoid the boomerang effect, what should you do when persuading others? A．Listen to others patiently. B．Express your views clearly. C．Allow for different voices. D．Present beautiful presents. 4．What does the author mainly convey in this passage? A．What matters in social interactions. B．How to tolerate different opinions. C．Why people love sharing opinions. D．How to make a difference to others. 主题05 人与自然——自然生态与环境保护 Passage 1 （24-25高二下·山东聊城一中新校区·期中） While Matt Damon relied on potatoes cultivated in biowaste to survive in the hit film The Martian, the researchers say it is a humble desert moss (苔藓) that might prove crucial to establishing life on Mars. Scientists in China say they have found Syntrichia caninervis — a moss found in the Antarctic and desert — is able to bear Mars-like conditions, including drought, high levels of radiation and extreme cold. The moss was able to regenerate under normal growth conditions after spending up to five years at -80℃ and up to 30 days at -196℃, and after exposure to gamma rays, with doses of around 5,000Gy even promoting new growth. The team then created a set-up that had similar pressure, temperatures, gases and UV radiation to Mars. It found the moss survived in this Mars-like environment, and was able to regenerate under normal growth conditions, even after seven days of exposure. “These experiments represent an important first step, but they do not show that the moss could be a significant source of oxygen under Martian conditions, nor do they show that the desert moss could reproduce in the Martian context,” McDaniel said. “Implying that moss, or any other pioneering species, is ready to terraform (将行星地球化) Mars, or any other outer planet, is an overstatement,” Zupanska added. Dr. Wiger of Wageningen University & Research, also raised concerns, including that temperatures on the red planet rarely got above freezing, making outdoor plant growth impossible, while the new study did not use Mars-like soil. “The mosses were treated under Mars circumstances for a maximum of several days and then regrown under Earth conditions on sand,” he said. “This, of course, doesn’t show at all they can grow under Mars conditions.” However, Prof. Edward Guinan of Villanova University in the US described the study as impressive. “This extreme-tolerant moss could promise to be a pioneer plant for Mars colonization,” he said, although he noted that the moss would need water to grow. “We have a lot of things to do,” he said. “But this lowly desert moss offers hope for making small portions of Mars habitable to humankind in the future.” 1．What does the author want to illustrate by mentioning the potatoes? A．The potatoes played a crucial role in the film. B．The moss led to survival of the potatoes on Mars. C．The moss may survive on Mars like these potatoes. D．The success of the film resulted from the plot about potatoes. 2．What can be implied from what McDaniel and Zupanska said? A．The moss has a long way to be a Martian plant. B．It is unlikely that the earth species can grow on Mars. C．The experiments on the moss were a complete success. D．They will research into reproducing the moss in the Martian context. 3．Which one is right about the characteristic of the moss in the text? A．Resistant to water. B．Adaptable to Martian soil. C．Capable of producing oxygen on Mars. D．Regenerative under Earth conditions. 4．What does the underlined word “extreme-tolerant” in the sixth paragraph mean? A．Sensitive to extreme conditions. B．Unable to survive in harsh environments. C．Adaptable to extreme conditions. D．Dependent on mild environments. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $