专题05 七选五（期中真题汇编，山东专用）高二英语下学期

专题05 七选五 主题01 人与社会——社交与人际沟通 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二下·山东枣庄·期中） It's natural to compare yourself to others, and even envy them, if you hop on your social media for a few minutes. With just a few clicks, you’re flooded with many vacation photos, updates, and ads. 1 In this article, we’ll teach you how to avoid certain triggers (触发因素) so you can stop comparing yourself to others. Identify your triggers and avoid them. To stop comparing yourself to others, pay attention to the people or events that trigger your behavior. Do you feel dissatisfaction with your life after looking at high-end goods? 2 Write down your comparative thoughts as soon as they happen so you can limit your exposure to these situations. Appreciate others instead of envying them. 3 If you have friends who are highly achieving people, you might consider that their networks are full of people who might be able to help you become more successful in your life. Instead of envying their success, be supportive and use their success to your benefit. 4 Instead of focusing on your “weaknesses”, reflect on the areas you can improve. Take classes, workshops, or lessons to improve your skills, and don’t be afraid to ask other people for help along the way. By putting yourself first, you can promote your self-confidence and find your place and value. Talk to a trusted friend or family member. When you habitually compare yourself to others, you can feel even more inadequate or discouraged. Discuss your comparative behavior with a loved one to release any negative beliefs and help you process your emotions. 5 A．Work on improving your abilities. B．Try to build up your self-confidence. C．Consider the advantage that others can bring you. D．Do you always have a positive thought about yourself? E．Is there someone who always makes you feel bad about yourself? F．You might be quite astonished to hear they feel the same way as you. G．But it doesn't mean you have to “keep up” to live a content and meaningful life. 【答案】1．G 2．E 3．C 4．A 5．F 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍避免与他人比较的方法，包括识别触发因素、欣赏他人、提升能力及与亲友交流。 1．根据上文“It’s natural to compare yourself to others, and even envy them, if you hop on your social media for a few minutes. With just a few clicks, you’re flooded with many vacation photos, updates, and ads. (如果你在社交媒体上浏览几分钟，很自然地会把自己和别人比较，甚至羡慕他们。只需点击几下，你就会看到大量的度假照片、更新和广告。)”可知，在社交媒体上很容易产生比较和羡慕的情绪。而G选项But it doesn’t mean you have to “keep up”to live a content and meaningful life. (但这并不意味着你必须“跟上”才能过上满足而有意义的生活。)符合语境，but表示转折，说明虽然在社交媒体上会有这样的情况，但不一定要去盲目跟随和比较，与上文形成逻辑上的转折关系。故选G项。 2．根据上文“To stop comparing yourself to others, pay attention to the people or events that trigger your behavior. Do you feel dissatisfaction with your life after looking at high-end goods? (为了停止把自己和别人比较，要注意那些触发你这种行为的人或事。看了高档商品后，你会对自己的生活感到不满吗？)”以及下文“Write down your comparative thoughts as soon as they happen so you can limit your exposure to these situations. (一旦产生比较的想法，就马上把它们写下来，这样你就可以限制自己接触这些情况。)”可知，这里是在列举触发比较行为的情况。E选项Is there someone who always makes you feel bad about yourself? (有没有这样一个人，总是让你对自己感觉不好？)也是在询问一种触发比较行为的人相关的情况，与上文的“看高档商品”并列，符合语境。故选E项。 3．根据下文“If you have friends who are highly achieving people, you might consider that their networks are full of people who might be able to help you become more successful in your life. Instead of envying their success, be supportive and use their success to your benefit. (如果你有一些非常成功的朋友，你可能会认为他们的人脉中充满了那些可能会帮助你在生活中变得更成功的人。与其羡慕他们的成功，不如支持他们，并利用他们的成功为自己谋利。)”可知，这里强调要考虑到别人能给自己带来的好处。C 选项Consider the advantage that others can bring you. (考虑别人能给你带来的好处。)与下文内容相符，能够引出下文关于朋友成功及利用其成功为自己谋利的阐述。故选C项。 4．根据下文“Instead of focusing on your ‘weaknesses’, reflect on the areas you can improve. Take classes, workshops, or lessons to improve your skills, and don’t be afraid to ask other people for help along the way. By putting yourself first, you can promote your self-confidence and find your place and value. (与其关注你的‘弱点’，不如反思你可以改进的方面。参加课程、研讨会或培训来提高你的技能，并且在这个过程中不要害怕向别人求助。把自己放在首位，你可以增强自信，找到自己的位置和价值。)”可知，这段主要讲的是要努力改进自己的能力。A选项Work on improving your abilities. (努力提高你的能力。) 能够概括该段的主旨。故选A项。 5．根据上文“Discuss your comparative behavior with a loved one to release any negative beliefs and help you process your emotions. (和你爱的人讨论你的比较行为，以释放任何负面信念，并帮助你处理你的情绪。)”可知，这里说的是和亲人讨论比较行为的作用。F选项You might be quite astonished to hear they feel the same way as you. (你可能会很惊讶地听到他们和你有同样的感受。)进一步说明了和亲人讨论的结果，即可能会发现他们也有相同的感受，与上文形成逻辑上的承接关系。故选F项。 Passage 2 （24-25高二下·山东潍坊·期中） Perhaps you are familiar with the following scene: you’re meeting up with a friend, excited to catch up on the week and looking forward to sharing your news. But before you can get a word in, your friend passes you something and excitedly announces, “Look what I’ve got!” All other topics of conversation fall away and you spend the whole time listening to detailed descriptions of his new phone. You should probably be feeling happy for him. 1 When a friend is completely occupied with a new possession, it’s common for you to feel ignored and left out. 2 Before, conversations might have circled around hobbies, shared plans, or what’s happening at school. Now, it might seem like everything centres around their expensive new high-tech device. It’s important to allow yourself to feel this way, but also to remember that this is a temporary situation. 3 And, although it might be upsetting to feel you’ve lost your friend’s attention for a while, the freshness will soon disappear. 4 Psychologist Catherine Hallissey explains, “Our brains are hardwired to seek out freshness-this means we desire new things. Sometimes, the urge is for the object itself and other times it’s for the respect from others.” Perhaps an even more discomforting feeling that arises with others’ good fortune is envy. 5 It’s a normal reaction, especially when social media encourages comparison with others. The key is to allow yourself to feel it but not let it drive your behavior and negatively impact your relationship. A．The new becomes old quickly. B．Anyway, friendship is of value to you. C．Why can the appeal of the new be powerful? D．Instead, a large number of uncomfortable feelings arise. E．It might feel like the focus of your friendship has shifted. F．Remember that feeling envious doesn’t make you a bad friend. G．Owning a particular product might boost someone’s self-image. 【答案】1．D 2．E 3．A 4．C 5．F 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了当朋友沉迷于新物品时，我们可能会感到被忽视和嫉妒，但这种感受是暂时的，新鲜感会很快消失，同时指出嫉妒是正常反应，但不应影响行为和关系。 1．由上文“Perhaps you are familiar with the following scene: you’re meeting up with a friend, excited to catch up on the week and looking forward to sharing your news. But before you can get a word in, your friend passes you something and excitedly announces, “Look what I’ve got!” All other topics of conversation fall away and you spend the whole time listening to detailed descriptions of his new phone. You should probably be feeling happy for him. (也许你熟悉下面的场景：你和朋友见面，兴奋地聊着这一周的情况，期待着分享你的消息。但还没等你开口，你的朋友就把什么东西递给你，兴奋地宣布：“看我得到了什么！”所有其他的话题都消失了，你花了整整一晚上的时间听他详细描述他的新手机。你应该为他感到高兴。)”可知，本空应描述与为朋友感到高兴相关的感受。D选项“Instead, a large number of uncomfortable feelings arise. (相反，出现了许多不舒服的感觉。)”可知，描述了与上文“感到高兴”相反的感受，能承接上文，符合题意。故选D。 2．由上文“When a friend is completely occupied with a new possession, it’s common for you to feel ignored and left out. (当一个朋友完全被一件新东西占据时，你通常会感到被忽视和冷落。)”及下文“Before, conversations might have circled around hobbies, shared plans, or what’s happening at school. Now, it might seem like everything centres around their expensive new high-tech device. (以前，你们的谈话可能围绕着爱好、共同的计划或学校里发生的事情。现在，似乎一切都围绕着他们昂贵的新高科技设备。)”可知，本空应描述朋友被新东西占据时，友谊的变化。E选项“It might feel like the focus of your friendship has shifted. (你可能会觉得你们友谊的重点已经转移了。)”可知，描述了朋友被新东西占据时，友谊重点的转移，能承上启下，符合题意。故选E。 3．由上文“It’s important to allow yourself to feel this way, but also to remember that this is a temporary situation. (重要的是要允许自己有这种感觉，但也要记住这是暂时的。)”及下文“And, although it might be upsetting to feel you’ve lost your friend’s attention for a while, the freshness will soon disappear. (而且，尽管你可能会因为觉得暂时失去了朋友的关注而感到不安，但这种新鲜感很快就会消失。)”可知，本空应描述与新鲜感很快消失相关的内容。A选项“The new becomes old quickly. (新事物很快就会变旧。)”可知，描述了新事物很快就会变旧，与新鲜感很快就会消失相呼应，能承上启下，符合题意。故选A。 4．由下文“Psychologist Catherine Hallissey explains, “Our brains are hardwired to seek out freshness-this means we desire new things. Sometimes, the urge is for the object itself and other times it’s for the respect from others.” (心理学家凯瑟琳·哈利西解释说：“我们的大脑天生就喜欢追求新鲜事物，这意味着我们渴望新事物。有时，这种冲动是为了物体本身，有时是为了得到他人的尊重。”)”可知，本空应是关于追求新鲜事物的问题。C选项“Why can the appeal of the new be powerful? (为什么新事物的吸引力如此强大？)”可知，提出了关于新事物吸引力的疑问，能引出下文，符合题意。故选C。 5．由上文“Perhaps an even more discomforting feeling that arises with others’ good fortune is envy.(也许随着别人的好运而产生的一种更令人不安的感觉是嫉妒。)”和下文“It’s a normal reaction, especially when social media encourages comparison with others. The key is to allow yourself to feel it but not let it drive your behavior and negatively impact your relationship. (这是一种正常的反应，尤其是当社交媒体鼓励你与他人比较时。关键是让自己感受到它，但不要让它影响你的行为，对你的关系产生负面影响。)”可知，此处应强调嫉妒情绪的正常性。F选项“Remember that feeling envious doesn’t make you a bad friend. (记住，感到嫉妒并不会让你成为一个坏朋友。)”可知，描述了与社交媒体比较相关的嫉妒情感，能引出下文，符合题意。故选F。 主题02 人与社会——文化与社会现象 Passage 1 （24-25高二下·山东师范大学附属中学·期中） How Star Wars Changed Movie-making Forever “May the force be with you!” If you are a Star Wars fan, then you have probably heard this phrase many times. 1 So many characters, devices, and phrases from the movie have become well-known. But you might be surprised to find out how much this movie has changed how movies are made. “A long time ago in a galaxy far, far away…” is how Star Wars begins. 2 In fact, it was quite old-fashioned. The story was typical science fiction with lots of drama, traditional characters and good battling evil, in space and in hand-to-hand fight. 3 People still talk about the light swords (剑) that could cut, burn and melt through most substances. Spaceships sped through space and landed on huge, realistic-looking space stations. 4 When Star Wars first came out in 1977, most movie theaters were stand-alone buildings, with just one movie screen. Using the money Star Wars had made for them, movie-theater owners built more theaters, leading to the multiplexes (多影厅影院) that are common today. Theaters needed more movies to show on all the additional movie screens and in all the new multiplexes. So new movie companies sprang up, including small ones creating experimental movies. This creative freedom allowed fresh approaches to emerge. 5 But, thanks to Star Wars, people got to see new types of movies. A．Its plot was not ground-breaking. B．Moviegoers had never seen anything like it. C．Some of the methods became popular and others failed. D．Thus, audience began to enjoy science fiction movies there. E．If you are not a fan, you are still likely familiar with these words. F．If you are a movie maker, you may be inspired by this classic film. G．It was the special effects that made Star Wars stand out from other movies. 【答案】1．E 2．A 3．G 4．B 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，旨在探讨《星球大战》系列电影如何永久性地改变了电影制作的各个方面。 1．根据空格前的句子“‘May the force be with you!’ If you are a Star Wars fan, then you have probably heard this phrase many times.(“愿原力与你同在！”如果你是《星球大战》的粉丝，那么你可能听过很多次这句话)”和空格后的句子“So many characters, devices, and phrases from the movie have become well-known.(电影中的许多角色、装置和短语已经家喻户晓)”可知，空格处的句子应该是对非粉丝的补充说明，强调即使不是粉丝，人们也可能会熟悉这些台词。E项“If you are not a fan, you are still likely familiar with these words.(即使你不是粉丝，你仍然可能熟悉这些话)”符合语境，补充了前文的讨论。故选E项。 2．根据空格前的句子“‘A long time ago in a galaxy far, far away…’ is how Star Wars begins.(“很久很久以前，在一个遥远的星系……”这就是《星球大战》的开头)”和空格后的句子“In fact, it was quite old-fashioned.(事实上，它是相当过时的)”可知，空格处的句子应该是对电影情节的进一步说明，强调其情节并不新颖。A项“Its plot was not ground-breaking.(它的剧情并不新颖)”符合语境，引出了后文关于电影情节的讨论。故选A项。 3．根据空格后的句子“People still talk about the light swords (剑) that could cut, burn and melt through most substances. Spaceships sped through space and landed on huge, realistic-looking space stations.(人们仍然在谈论可以切割、燃烧和熔化大多数物质的光剑。宇宙飞船在太空中疾驰，降落在巨大而逼真的空间站上)”可知，空格处的句子应该是关于电影中特效的突出表现。G项“It was the special effects that made Star Wars stand out from other movies(正是特效让《星球大战》从其他电影中脱颖而出)”符合语境，引出了后文关于特效的讨论。故选G项。 4．根据空格前的句子“People still talk about the light swords (剑) that could cut, burn and melt through most substances. Spaceships sped through space and landed on huge, realistic-looking space stations.(人们仍然在谈论可以切割、燃烧和熔化大多数物质的光剑。宇宙飞船在太空中疾驰，降落在巨大而逼真的空间站上)”可知，空格处的句子应该是对观众反应的描述，强调观众从未见过这样的场景。B项“Moviegoers had never seen anything like it.(电影观众从未见过这样的场景)”符合语境，补充了前文关于特效的讨论。故选B项。 5．根据空格前的句子“So new movie companies sprang up, including small ones creating experimental movies. This creative freedom allowed fresh approaches to emerge.(于是，新的电影公司如雨后春笋般涌现，其中包括一些制作实验性电影的小公司。这种创造性的自由使新方法得以出现)”可知，空格处的句子应该是对这些新方法的总结，强调有些方法流行起来，有些则失败了。C项“Some of the methods became popular and others failed.(一些方法流行起来，而另一些则失败了)”符合语境，总结了前文关于新方法的讨论。故选C项。 Passage 2 （24-25高二下·山东威海·期中） The less you spend, the more you save. It sounds simple in theory, but in practice, it’s much more complicated. Spending is built into our daily habits, which sometimes can get us addicted to buying stuff. 1 It’s kind of like a crash diet, but in a good way! What is a no-spend challenge? Despite the name, a no-spend challenge doesn’t mean you sit on your hands and spend no money at all. 2 The basic premise (前提) of a no-spend challenge is to cut out non-essential spending for a certain amount of time. It could be for a week, a month or even an entire year. What can you spend money on during a no-spend challenge? If you need to purchase something during your no-spend challenge, it should be something that’s necessary and you absolutely can’t do without. So groceries, yes. Candy bar in the checkout line, no. Also, no new iPhone, even if you’ve been dreaming about an upgrade. No new shoes, even if they’re on a huge sale. 3 Decide acceptable purchases. The goal of this challenge isn’t to make life harder on yourself by cutting out spending on essential expenses. The financial benefits of a no-spend challenge 4 You can use the extra money you normally would have spent to build up your emergency fund. Or you might want to put the money toward other financial goals, like saving for a new car or an upcoming vacation. While no-spend challenges are designed to be temporary, you can always extend your challenge. 5 A．It can even lead to overspending. B．Why not treat it as more of a lifestyle change? C．Sometimes the best way is to take a no-spend challenge. D．You’re spending because you’ve been programmed to do so. E．A no-spend challenge can be a boost to your financial situation. F．After all, there are some necessities you simply can’t do without. G．This is not the time to make excuses to buy stuff you don’t really need. 【答案】1．C 2．F 3．G 4．E 5．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了“不消费挑战”的含义、做法、好处及建议。 1．根据上文“The less you spend, the more you save. It sounds simple in theory, but in practice, it’s much more complicated. Spending is built into our daily habits, which sometimes can get us addicted to buying stuff.(你花的越少，存的就越多。理论上听起来很简单，但实际上要复杂得多。花钱是我们的日常习惯，有时会让我们沉迷于购买东西)”以及下文“It’s kind of like a crash diet, but in a good way!(这有点像速成节食，不过是一种好的方式！)”可知，上文提到了存钱实际上复杂得多，因为花钱是习惯，推测本句需要说明省钱的一种方式，故C选项“Sometimes the best way is to take a no-spend challenge.(有时候最好的办法是冻结开支)”符合语境，并且后文“crash diet”与C选项“ no-spend challenge”相呼应，将不花钱的挑战比作速成节食，C 选项与后文的比喻形成逻辑衔接，起到过渡作用。故选C。 2．根据上文“Despite the name, a no-spend challenge doesn’t mean you sit on your hands and spend no money at all. (尽管名字叫“零消费挑战”，但这并不意味着你要完全不动手，一分都不花。)”以及下文“The basic premise (前提) of a no-spend challenge is to cut out non-essential spending for a certain amount of time. It could be for a week, a month or even an entire year.(无消费挑战的基本原则是在一定时间内削减非必要的开支。这个时间可以是一周、一个月，甚至是一整年。)”可知，上文否定“完全不花钱”的误解，下文强调“削减非必要支出”。F选项“After all, there are some necessities you simply can’t do without.(毕竟，有些必需品是你根本离不开的。)”解释了“不能完全不花钱”的原因，与前文形成因果关系，同时符合后文的论述逻辑，指出削减不必要的开支是在一定的时间范围内。故选F。 3．根据上文“If you need to purchase something during your no-spend challenge, it should be something that’s necessary and you absolutely can’t do without. So groceries, yes. Candy bar in the checkout line, no. Also, no new iPhone, even if you’ve been dreaming about an upgrade. No new shoes, even if they’re on a huge sale. (如果你在进行无消费挑战期间需要购买某样东西，那应该是必不可少的东西，是你绝对不能没有的。所以，购买食品杂货是可以的，但在收银台附近冲动购买的糖果棒就不行。此外，即使你一直梦想着升级，也不能买新的苹果手机。即使鞋子在大减价，也不能买新鞋子。)”以及下文“ Decide acceptable purchases. The goal of this challenge isn’t to make life harder on yourself by cutting out spending on essential expenses.(确定可接受的购买行为。这个挑战的目标并非通过削减必要开支来让自己的生活变得更艰难。)”可知，上文举例说明 “可买” 与 “不可买” 的物品，下文提到 “确定可接受的购买”。G选项“This is not the time to make excuses to buy stuff you don’t really need.(这不是为购买你并不真正需要的东西找借口的时候。)”强调不要为非必需品找借口，与前文的例子呼应，同时引出后文设定购买边界的建议。故选G。 4．根据下文“You can use the extra money you normally would have spent to build up your emergency fund. Or you might want to put the money toward other financial goals, like saving for a new car or an upcoming vacation.(你可以用平时会花的额外的钱来建立应急基金。或者，你可能想把这笔钱用于其他财务目标，比如存钱买一辆新车或为即将到来的度假做准备。)”可知，下文提到用节省的钱建立应急基金或实现财务目标。E 选项“A no-spend challenge can be a boost to your financial situation.(不花钱的挑战可以促进你的财务状况。)”作为总起句，点明挑战对财务状况的积极影响，统领全段内容，逻辑连贯。故选E。 5．根据上文“While no-spend challenges are designed to be temporary, you can always extend your challenge.( 虽然不花钱的挑战是暂时的，但你可以扩展挑战)”可知，上文说明了不花钱挑战的好处，本句为本段最后一句，推测是建议采取这种生活方式，来进行省钱。故B选项“Why not treat it as more of a lifestyle change? (为什么不把它看作是生活方式的改变呢？)”符合语境，故选B。 主题03 人与社会——科技与社会应用 Passage 1 （24-25高二下·山东部分高中·期中） So much of our daily life relates to the internet, from work to education and even talking with friends. The more online accounts and devices you have, the more internet dangers you will face. That’s why it’s more important to understand internet safety rules which protect you and your family from threats that may harm your data and devices. 1 Make sure you’re using a safe internet connection Although using public Wi-Fi is not recommended, it’s sometimes unavoidable when you are out. However, when you go online in a public place and use a public Wi-Fi connection, you have no direct control over its safety, which could leave you vulnerable (易受伤的) to cyberattacks. 2 . Choose strong passwords Passwords are one of the biggest weak spots when it comes to online safety. People often choose passwords that are easy to remember. 3 . In addition to this, using the same password for various sites puts your data at further risk. If hackers (黑客) get your identification from one site, they can probably access other websites which use the same login details. 4 Developers are often working to make products safe, monitoring the latest threats and rolling out security patches (安全补丁) in case of weaknesses in their software. By using the updated operating systems and apps, you will benefit from the latest security patches. This is especially important for apps that include payment, health or other personal information about a user. Be careful of uncertain links and where you click 5 . That’s why it’s important to browse carefully and avoid certain types of online content—such as links from untrusted sources. If you receive an email that you’re not sure about, avoid clicking on any links in it. In fact, it’s best to avoid opening untrusted emails at all. A．Be careful of what and where you post B．Keep software and operating systems updated C．Read on to find out about the ways to stay safe online D．A careless click can give out your personal data online E．But some of those sites may have poor data protection policies F．Therefore, it’s easy for hackers to break into your system G．So, if necessary, avoid carrying out personal businesses that use private data 【答案】1．C 2．G 3．F 4．B 5．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在网上保持安全的办法。 1．根据上文“That’s why it’s more important to understand internet safety rules which protect you and your family from threats that may harm your data and devices. (这就是为什么理解互联网安全规则更重要，以保护你和你的家人免受损害你的数据和设备的威胁)”以及后文主要介绍了在网上保持安全的办法。故C项“继续读去找到如何在网上保持安全的方法”符合语境。故选C。 2．根据小标题“Make sure you’re using a safe internet connection(确保你使用的是安全的网络连接)”以及上文“Although using public Wi-Fi is not recommended, it’s sometimes unavoidable when you are out.(虽然不建议使用公共Wi-Fi，但当你外出时，这有时是不可避免的)”可知，这一段介绍要使用安全的网络连接，尽量避免使用公共Wi-Fi，实在避免不了就避免进行个人业务，对应了G项“避免进行使用私人数据的个人业务”。故选G。 3．根据上文“People often choose passwords that are easy to remember.(人们总是选择容易记的密码)”可知，本句主要说明这么做的结果，此处therefore引出下文，根据本段最后一句“If hackers get your identification from one site, they can probably access other websites which use the same login details.(如果黑客从一个网站获得了你的身份，他们可能会访问其他使用相同登录信息的网站)”可知本句内容与黑客有关。F选项“因此，黑客很容易侵入你的系统”符合语境，故选F。 4．根据本段内容“Developers are often working to make products safe, monitoring the latest threats and rolling out security patches (安全补丁) in case of weaknesses in their software. By using the updated operating systems and apps, you will benefit from the latest security patches. This is especially important for apps that include payment, health or other personal information about a user.(开发人员经常致力于使产品安全，监控最新的威胁，并在软件存在弱点时推出安全补丁。通过使用更新后的操作系统和应用程序，您将受益于最新的安全补丁。这对于包含用户支付、健康或其他个人信息的应用尤其重要)”可知，本段的建议是，不断更新软件和操作系统。所以，B项“保持软件和操作系统的更新”填入空格处，符合语境。故选B。 5．根据下文“That’s why it’s important to browse carefully and avoid certain types of online content—such as links from untrusted sources.(这就是为什么仔细浏览并避免某些类型的在线内容（例如来自不受信任来源的连接）是很重要的)”可知，本句主要说明在网上浏览会暴露个人数据的行为。D项“一个不小心的点击可以在网上显示出你的个人数据”符合语境。故选D。 主题04 人与自我——自我成长与能力培养 Passage 1 （24-25高二下·临沂市河东区、费县联考·期中） How to build patience abilities What’s the purpose of building patience abilities? In a word, happiness. Better relationships, more success. 1 Effective ways are recommended to train ourselves to work with little pain and annoyance. Thus, when the big ones come, we will have developed the patience we need for hard times. Understand the addictive nature of anger and impatience. We, human beings, are still constructed with our old reptilian (爬行动物的) brain that protects our physical and emotional survival. The urge to protect ourselves and what we consider valuable is absolutely habit-forming. So the first step in growing patience is to get in touch with the addictive quality of the opposite of patience — anger, impatience, blame and shame. 2 Upgrade our attitude towards discomfort and pain. Pain has its purposes and pushes us to find solutions — we try to change the other person, situation or thing that we think is causing our discomfort. But the problem is that it is not the outside thing that’s the source of our pain, but how our mind is set. 3 Pay attention when the impatience or pain starts. Most of us don’t really realize it when we are feeling even the smallest — but very present — painful feelings. 4 But to really care for ourselves, get curious about what’s actually happening in the moment inside you. Focusing on what’s actually happening, you can notice the worry of not wanting what’s happening, the resistance. 5 When you find yourself impatient, or angry with yourself, you can remind yourself that you are growing. You can say to yourself, “It’s true. I don’t like this; this is uncomfortable, but I can tolerate it.” A．So the solution to pain is an inside job. B．Patience abilities benefit you in many ways. C．We all have them, and we can grow beyond them. D．Talk to yourself like you’d cheer up your best friend. E．But indeed it takes efforts to build them successfully. F．Learn to forgive yourself for being impatient in hard times. G．We ignore the fact that we’re in pain and focus completely on fixing the problem. 【答案】1．E 2．C 3．A 4．G 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了培养耐心能力的意义及具体方法，包括认识急躁的成瘾性、调整对痛苦的态度、关注内心感受以及积极自我对话。 1．前文“What’s the purpose of building patience abilities? In a word, happiness. Better relationships, more success. (培养耐心能力的目的是什么?一句话，幸福。更好的关系，更多的成功)”解释培养耐心的目的，后文“Effective ways are recommended to train ourselves to work with little pain and annoyance. (我们推荐了一些有效的方法来训练自己，让自己在工作中少一些痛苦和烦恼)”引出有效训练方法，因此E项“But indeed it takes efforts to build them successfully. (但培养它们的确需要努力)”符合语境，表明这些能力需要努力培养，和前文构成转折，引出后文，其中的them指代前文的patience abilities。故选E。 2．前文“So the first step in growing patience is to get in touch with the addictive quality of the opposite of patience — anger, impatience, blame and shame. (因此，培养耐心的第一步，是接触到耐心的反义词——愤怒、不耐烦、责备和羞耻——令人上瘾的品质)”建议了解与耐心相反的负面情绪，因此C项“We all have them, and we can grow beyond them. (我们都有这些情绪，但可以超越它们)”符合语境，指出这些情绪是可以克服的，承接前文，其中的them指代前一句中罗列的各种负面情绪。故选C。 3．前文“But the problem is that it is not the outside thing that’s the source of our pain, but how our mind is set. (但问题是，我们痛苦的根源并不是外在的东西，而是我们的思维方式)”指出痛苦的根源在于思维方式而非外部，因此A项“So the solution to pain is an inside job. (所以痛苦的解决办法是内在的工作)”符合语境，表明需从内在来解决，承接前文。故选A。 4．前文“Most of us don’t really realize it when we are feeling even the smallest — but very present — painful feelings. (我们大多数人在感受到哪怕是最微小但却非常真切的痛苦时，都没有真正意识到这一点)”指出多数人忽略痛苦感受，后文“But to really care for ourselves, get curious about what’s actually happening in the moment inside you. Focusing on what’s actually happening, you can notice the worry of not wanting what’s happening, the resistance. (但若要真正关爱自己，就要对此刻内心的真实状况保持好奇。当你聚焦于实际发生的事情时，就能觉察到那种不想要正在发生的事情的担忧和抗拒)”提醒关注内心真实状况，觉察真实感受，因此G项“We ignore the fact that we’re in pain and focus completely on fixing the problem. (我们忽略痛苦的事实，完全专注于解决问题)”符合语境，描述大多人的错误状态，承接前文，和后文形成对比。故选G。 5．后文“When you find yourself impatient, or angry with yourself, you can remind yourself that you are growing. You can say to yourself, “It’s true. I don’t like this; this is uncomfortable, but I can tolerate it.” (当你发现自己没有耐心或生自己的气时，你可以提醒自己，你正在成长。你可以对自己说：“这是真的。我不喜欢这样；这很不舒服，但我能忍受。”)”建议用积极自我对话应对急躁，举例如何与自己对话，空处位于段首，是段落主旨句，需建议自我对话，且需和其他段首句一样使用祈使句的形式，因此D项“Talk to yourself like you’d cheer up your best friend. (像鼓励最好的朋友那样与自己对话)”符合语境，契合后文内容。故选D。 主题05 人与自我——生活方式与心态调整 Passage 1 （24-25高二下·山东菏泽·期中） How not to be bored when you have to wait I travel a lot. On the open road are always interesting people and new places. 1 It is the constant waiting. When I travel, I wait to board the plane, wait in restaurants, wait to check into hotels, and wait on and on. For years, I have tried to design my life in such a way to lower how much time I have to spend waiting: I ask for the check as soon as the server brings me my lunch; I have all the subscriptions (订阅) that help to streamline one’s passage through the airport; 2 No doubt my waiting time is a smaller part of what it used to be. But recently, I have realized that my strategy helps just a little, just for a while. Despite many improvements, I’m not any less troubled by the waiting I still have to endure. Another waiting strategy most people have turned to of late is distraction by electronic devices. You might think that this solution must work. 3 The root problem with waiting for something we want is that it produces two conditions that humans hate: boredom and lack of autonomy (独立自主). One way of understanding boredom is that it’s a state in which you fail to find meaning. Standing in line, knowing that you’re doing so to get or do something but are being forced to spend the time unproductively, is what feels meaningless. 4 It means that your behavior can’t change the situation at hand. Think of the last time you waited at an airport for a long-delayed flight, and the annoyance that came from not being able to do anything about it except wait. The best way to lower the misery of waiting, then, turns out to be not to change the world but to change oneself to live better in a world of waiting. 5 Most of us go about our days feeling dissatisfied with the world, because it is failing in some way to conform (符合) to our preferences and convenience. To do so is like canoeing down a river and railing against the winding course it takes. Why not simply follow those bends as best we can? A．In fact, it might not work at all. B．We want to be in control of our lives. C．Waiting also lowers your sense of autonomy. D．But there is one thing about travel that annoys me. E．I choose hotels that have self-service check-in facilities. F．It leads us to think about the root problem with waiting. G．That insight can apply not just to waiting but to life itself. 【答案】1．D 2．E 3．A 4．C 5．G 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了旅行中令人厌烦的等待问题。作者尝试多种策略减少等待时间，分析等待带来厌烦和缺乏自主性的原因，最终指出改变自己是降低等待痛苦的最佳方式，且这种见解同样适用于生活。 1．根据上文“I travel a lot. On the open road are always interesting people and new places. (我经常旅行。在路上总是有有趣的人和新的地方。)”以及下文“It is the constant waiting. When I travel, I wait to board the plane, wait in restaurants, wait to check into hotels, and wait on and on. (就是持续不断的等待。当我旅行时，我等待登机，在餐馆等待，等待入住酒店，等等。)”可知，这里需要一个句子来引出旅行中让人烦恼的等待这一话题。D选项“But there is one thing about travel that annoys me. (但是关于旅行有一件事让我烦恼。)”，承上启下。故选D项。 2．根据上文“For years, I have tried to design my life in such a way to lower how much time I have to spend waiting: I ask for the check as soon as the server brings me my lunch; I have all the subscriptions (订阅) that help to streamline one’s passage through the airport; (多年来，我一直试图以一种方式来规划我的生活，以减少我必须花费在等待上的时间：服务员一给我上午餐我就要求结账；我订阅了所有有助于简化通过机场流程的服务；)”可知，这里是在举例说明作者为减少等待时间所做的事情。E选项“I choose hotels that have self-service check-in facilities. (我选择有自助入住设施的酒店。)”，也是减少等待时间的具体做法，与上文并列。故选E项。 3．根据上文“Another waiting strategy most people have turned to of late is distraction by electronic devices. You might think that this solution must work. (最近大多数人采用的另一种等待策略是通过电子设备来分散注意力。你可能认为这个解决方案一定有效。)”可知，这里提到了人们认为通过电子设备分散注意力的等待策略有效，而下文应该是对这种观点的反驳。A选项“In fact, it might not work at all. (事实上，它可能根本不起作用。)”与上文形成转折，符合语境。故选A项。 4．根据下文“It means that your behavior can’t change the situation at hand. Think of the last time you waited at an airport for a long-delayed flight, and the annoyance that came from not being able to do anything about it except wait. (这意味着你的行为无法改变眼前的情况。想想你上次在机场等待长时间延误的航班时，那种除了等待什么也做不了的烦恼。)”可知，这里在说等待会让人感觉缺乏自主性。C选项“Waiting also lowers your sense of autonomy. (等待也会降低你的自主感。)”，能够概括本段主旨。故选C项。 5．根据上文“The best way to lower the misery of waiting, then, turns out to be not to change the world but to change oneself to live better in a world of waiting. (那么，减轻等待痛苦的最好方法，结果不是改变世界，而是改变自己，以便在一个充满等待的世界里生活得更好。)”以及下文“Most of us go about our days feeling dissatisfied with the world, because it is failing in some way to conform (符合) to our preferences and convenience. To do so is like canoeing down a river and railing against the winding course it takes. Why not simply follow those bends as best we can? (我们大多数人每天都对这个世界感到不满，因为它在某些方面不符合我们的喜好和便利。这样做就像在河上划独木舟，却抱怨它蜿蜒的路线。为什么不尽我们所能顺着那些弯道走呢？)”可知，这里在说这种改变自己适应等待的见解不仅适用于等待，也适用于生活。G选项“That insight can apply not just to waiting but to life itself. (这种见解不仅适用于等待，也适用于生活本身。)”，承上启下。故选G项。 Passage 2 （24-25高二下·山东省实验中学·期中） The Impact of Social Media on Teenagers’ Mental Health In today’s digital age, social media has become an inseparable part of teenagers’ lives. 1 This essay argues that while social media has certain benefits, its negative impacts on teenagers’ psychological well-being outweigh the positives. Firstly, social media fosters (助长) a culture of comparison and insecurity. Platforms like Instagram and TikTok are filled with carefully selected images of “perfect” lives, leading many teenagers to feel inferior to them. Studies show that too much exposure to idealized lifestyles can cause anxiety, low self-esteem, and body image issues. For instance, a 2022 survey by the American Psychological Association revealed that 60% of teens feel pressured to meet unrealistic beauty standards online. 2 Secondly, social media addiction ruins real-life interactions and sleep patterns. Many teenagers spend hours going through feeds (推文), sacrificing face-to-face communication and physical activities. The dopamine (多巴胺) — driven design of apps like Snap-chat encourages addictive use, often resulting in loneliness and poor academic performance. 3 Lack of sleep, linked to platforms’ “always-on”culture, worsens mood instability and depression among adolescents. 4 Parents and schools should educate teenagers about digital awareness, emphasizing critical thinking and time management. Platforms themselves must prioritize user well-being by limiting addictive features and promoting authentic content. In conclusion, while social media connects people globally, its risks to teenagers’ mental health cannot be ignored. 5 A．To reduce these harms, balanced usage is significant. B．However, it is important to acknowledge social media’s positive aspects. C．While it offers connection, its effects on mental health remain a heated topic. D．Besides, late-night screen time affects sleep, which is crucial for mood control. E．Moreover, teenagers can enhance their academic performance through social media. F．This constant comparison creates a harmful cycle of self-doubt and emotional suffering. G．By fostering awareness and encouraging mindful usage, society can help the young employing technology’s benefits without sacrificing their emotional well-being. 【答案】1．C 2．F 3．D 4．A 5．G 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要讨论的是社交媒体对青少年心理健康的影响，指出其虽有好处但负面影响更大，如导致攀比、成瘾等问题，还提出了应对措施。 1．根据上文“In today’s digital age, social media has become an inseparable part of teenagers’ lives.(在当今的数字时代，社交媒体已成为青少年生活中不可分割的一部分。)”说明了社交媒体在青少年生活中的重要性，结合下文“This essay argues that while social media has certain benefits, its negative impacts on teenagers’ psychological well-being outweigh the positives.(这篇文章认为，虽然社交媒体有一定的好处，但它对青少年心理健康的负面影响大于正面影响。)”可知，此空应引出社交媒体对青少年心理健康的影响这一话题，C选项“While it offers connection, its effects on mental health remain a heated topic.(虽然它提供了联系，但它对心理健康的影响仍然是一个热门话题。)”既提到了社交媒体的连接作用，又引出了其对心理健康影响的话题，符合语境。故选C项。 2．根据上文“Firstly, social media fosters (助长) a culture of comparison and insecurity. Platforms like Instagram and TikTok are filled with carefully selected images of “perfect”lives, leading many teenagers to feel inferior to them. Studies show that too much exposure to idealized lifestyles can cause anxiety, low self-esteem, and body image issues. For instance, a 2022 survey by the American Psychological Association revealed that 60% of teens feel pressured to meet unrealistic beauty standards online.(首先，社交媒体助长了一种攀比和不安全感的文化。像 Instagram 和 TikTok 这样的平台上充斥着精心挑选的 “完美”生活的图片，导致许多青少年感到自卑。研究表明，过多接触理想化的生活方式会导致焦虑、自卑和身体形象问题。例如，美国心理协会 2022 年的一项调查显示，60% 的青少年在网上感到有压力去达到不切实际的美丽标准。)”可知，此段讲述了社交媒体导致青少年产生攀比心理及相关问题，F选项“This constant comparison creates a harmful cycle of self-doubt and emotional suffering.(这种持续的比较造成了自我怀疑和情感痛苦的恶性循环。)”进一步说明了这种攀比带来的危害，承接上文，符合语境。故选F项。 3．根据上文“Secondly, social media addiction ruins real-life interactions and sleep patterns. Many teenagers spend hours going through feeds (推文), sacrificing face-to-face communication and physical activities. The dopamine (多巴胺) — driven design of apps like Snap-chat encourages addictive use, often resulting in loneliness and poor academic performance.(其次，社交媒体成瘾破坏了现实生活中的互动和睡眠模式。许多青少年花几个小时浏览推文，牺牲了面对面的交流和体育活动。像 Snap-chat 这样的应用程序的多巴胺驱动设计鼓励成瘾性使用，常常导致孤独和学习成绩差。)”可知，此段讲述社交媒体成瘾对现实生活互动和睡眠模式的影响，结合下文“Lack of sleep, linked to platforms’ “always-on”culture, worsens mood instability and depression among adolescents.(与平台“始终在线”文化相关的睡眠不足，加剧了青少年的情绪不稳定和抑郁。)”可知，此空应继续讲述睡眠方面的问题，D选项“Besides, late-night screen time affects sleep, which is crucial for mood control.(此外，深夜看屏幕会影响睡眠，而睡眠对情绪控制至关重要。)”说明了深夜使用屏幕对睡眠的影响，承接上文，引出下文关于睡眠不足导致的问题，符合语境。故选D项。 4．根据下文“Parents and schools should educate teenagers about digital awareness, emphasizing critical thinking and time management. Platforms themselves must prioritize user well-being by limiting addictive features and promoting authentic content.(家长和学校应该对青少年进行数字意识教育，强调批判性思维和时间管理。平台本身必须通过限制成瘾性特征和推广真实内容来优先考虑用户的福祉。)”可知，此段讲述了减少社交媒体危害的措施，A选项“To reduce these harms, balanced usage is significant.(为了减少这些危害，平衡使用是很重要的。)”引出下文关于减少危害的措施，符合语境。故选A项。 5．根据上文“In conclusion, while social media connects people globally, its risks to teenagers’ mental health cannot be ignored.(总之，虽然社交媒体在全球范围内连接了人们，但它对青少年心理健康的风险不容忽视。)”可知，此段是文章的结论部分，总结社交媒体的利弊及对青少年的影响，G选项“By fostering awareness and encouraging mindful usage, society can help the young employing technology’s benefits without sacrificing their emotional well-being.(通过培养意识和鼓励谨慎使用，社会可以帮助年轻人在不牺牲情感健康的情况下利用技术的好处。)”提出了社会应采取的措施来帮助青少年，总结全文，符合语境。故选G项。 主题06 人与自我——自我认知与情绪管理 Passage 1 （24-25高二下·山东济宁·期中） Many think that language is what sets humans apart from other animals, and that for us to think, language is an essential precondition. Bertrand Russell, a British philosopher, even claimed that no intelligent thinking can take place without language. 1 It found that language and thought are two distinct entities (实体), working in separate parts of the brain. They are, in short, far more independent than we imagined. The researchers explored the language-thought relationship through two research approaches. 2 They asked these people to solve math problems or perform social reasoning tests as long as the instructions were non-verbal. However, all the subjects could still complete complex tasks. The researchers also used brain-imaging tools to study the brains of healthy volunteers as they performed non-verbal tasks, like solving puzzles and planning. It was found that the brain’s language regions were mostly inactive during such activities. 3 So, if language isn’t necessary for thinking, then why did humans develop it? Fedorenko, one of the study’s authors, has found the answer. 4 Most things we have learned about the world are through language. By being able to share complex information through language, humans have gained an evolutionary advantage in the world. 5 For example, the English sentence “he rang the doorbell” is usually phrased as “the doorbell rang” in Japanese. As a result, English speakers are more likely to focus on the person responsible for the action than Japanese speakers, according to Psychology Today. A．In other words, we can think without words. B．How does language influence our daily decisions? C．Language serves mainly as a tool for communication. D．However, a recent study in Nature suggests otherwise. E．First, they studied patients suffering from language loss. F．Human culture is the foundation on which all knowledge is built. G．While language doesn’t generate thoughts, it can influence how we think. 【答案】1．D 2．E 3．A 4．C 5．G 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述语言非思维必要条件，还介绍其作用及对思维的影响。 1．上文“Many think that language is what sets humans apart from other animals, and that for us to think, language is an essential precondition. Bertrand Russell, a British philosopher, even claimed that no intelligent thinking can take place without language.(许多人认为语言是将人类与其他动物区分开来的东西，对于我们思考而言，语言是一个必不可少的先决条件。英国哲学家伯特兰・罗素甚至声称，没有语言就不可能进行明智的思考)”说明很多人认为语言是思维的必要条件；结合下文“It found that language and thought are two distinct entities (实体), working in separate parts of the brain. They are, in short, far more independent than we imagined.(研究发现，语言和思维是两个不同的实体，分别在大脑的不同部分工作。简而言之，他们比我们想象的要独立得多)”推知，空处和前文为转折关系，说明有不同观点。所以D项 “然而，《自然》杂志最近的一项研究却提出了不同的看法。”符合语境。故选D。 2．上文“The researchers explored the language-thought relationship through two research approaches.(研究人员通过两种研究方法探索了语言与思维的关系)”说明研究人员有两种研究方法。空处承接上文，介绍第一种方法。所以E项“首先，他们研究了患有语言丧失症的患者”符合语境，其中“First”对应上文“two research approaches”。故选E。 3．上文“The researchers also used brain-imaging tools to study the brains of healthy volunteers as they performed non-verbal tasks, like solving puzzles and planning. It was found that the brain’s language regions were mostly inactive during such activities.(研究人员还使用脑成像工具研究了健康志愿者在执行非语言任务（如解谜和规划）时的大脑。研究发现，在这些活动中，大脑的语言区域大多处于不活跃状态)”说明在非语言任务中大脑语言区域不活跃。空处是对上文的总结，说明这意味着什么。所以A项“换句话说，我们可以不用语言进行思考”符合语境。故选A。 4．上文“So, if language isn’t necessary for thinking, then why did humans develop it? Fedorenko, one of the study’s authors, has found the answer.(那么，如果语言对于思考来说不是必需的，那么人类为什么要发展语言呢？该研究的作者之一费多伦科找到了答案)”推知，空处应解释语言发展的原因。所以C项“语言主要是作为一种交流工具”符合语境。故选C。 5．下文“For example, the English sentence “he rang the doorbell” is usually phrased as “the doorbell rang” in Japanese. As a result, English speakers are more likely to focus on the person responsible for the action than Japanese speakers, according to Psychology Today.(例如，英语句子 “he rang the doorbell(他按响了门铃)”在日语中通常表述为 “the doorbell rang(门铃响了)”。因此，据《今日心理学》报道，说英语的人比说日语的人更有可能关注对这一行为负责的人)”说明语言可以影响我们的思维方式。空处应先总述语言对思维有影响。所以G项 “虽然语言不会产生思想，但它可以影响我们的思维方式”符合语境。故选G。 主题07 人与自然——自然保护与生态维护 Passage 1 （24-25高二下·山东日照·期中） How Natural Smells Affect Well-being Spending time in nature benefits our well-being by improving emotions, reducing stress, and enhancing physical health. However, most previous research focused on visual experiences, neglecting the role of smell. 1 Plants release volatile organic compounds (VOCs), chemicals that serve ecological roles like attracting insects. 2 A team of scientists, led by Gregory Bratman from the University of Washington suggests these compounds might secretly boost human health. 3 Some plant VOCs are not enough to cause a response. For example, forest fragrance (香气) may calm nerves even if we don’t notice them. Such hidden mechanisms (机制) could secretly affect mood or stress levels, though scientists are still figuring out their full impact. Other smells are perceived consciously, yet their health effects vary. Pleasant smells, like flowers, often have universal appeal, while others arouse personal or cultural memories. For instance, pine might remind one of childhood hikes, whereas urban pollution could cause discomfort. 4 Human activities, like pollution and habitat destruction, change nature’s smell profile. 5 Protecting fragrant ecosystems, they argue, could preserve not just biodiversity but also human health. A．Natural smells may influence us unconsciously. B．Yet their impact on people is barely understood. C．Nature’s smell-based impacts come through different routes. D．Scientists confirm plant VOCs can directly reduce our stress. E．New research aims to uncover how smells from nature improve health. F．Understanding these differences is key to employing nature’s smell power. G．The researchers urge to explore how losing these natural smells harms well-being. 【答案】1．E 2．B 3．A 4．F 5．G 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了自然气味对人类健康的影响。 1．上文“Spending time in nature benefits our well-being by improving emotions, reducing stress, and enhancing physical health. However, most previous research focused on visual experiences, neglecting the role of smell.(花时间在大自然中通过改善情绪、减轻压力和增强身体健康来有益于我们的幸福感。然而，大多数以前的研究都集中在视觉体验上，忽略了嗅觉的作用。)”提到了大多数以前的研究忽略了嗅觉的作用，那么接下来可能会提到新的研究来探讨嗅觉的作用，选项E“New research aims to uncover how smells from nature improve health.(新的研究旨在揭示自然气味如何改善健康。)”符合语境。故选E。 2．上文“Plants release volatile organic compounds (VOCs), chemicals that serve ecological roles like attracting insects.(植物释放挥发性有机化合物（VOCs），这些化学物质在生态系统中扮演着吸引昆虫等角色。)”介绍了植物释放的VOCs的生态作用，下文“A team of scientists, led by Gregory Bratman from the University of Washington suggests these compounds might secretly boost human health.(由华盛顿大学的Gregory Bratman领导的一组科学家认为，这些化合物可能会秘密地促进人类健康。)”提到植物释放的VOCs对人类健康有潜在影响，但这种影响之前可能并未被充分了解。由此可知，尽管植物释放的VOCs有生态作用，但它们对人类的影响还不为人知，选项B“Yet their impact on people is barely understood.(然而，它们对人类的影响几乎还不清楚。)”符合语境。故选B。 3．下文“Some plant VOCs are not enough to cause a response. For example, forest fragrance (香气) may calm nerves even if we don’t notice them. Such hidden mechanisms (机制) could secretly affect mood or stress levels, though scientists are still figuring out their full impact.(一些植物挥发性有机化合物不足以引起反应。例如，森林的香气可能会让我们平静下来，即使我们没有注意到它们。这些隐藏的机制可能会秘密地影响情绪或压力水平，尽管科学家们仍在研究它们的全部影响”。)”提到了植物VOCs可能秘密地影响我们的情绪或压力水平，由此可知，有些自然气味对人类的影响是无意识的。选项A“Natural smells may influence us unconsciously.(自然气味可能无意识地影响我们。)”符合语境。故选A。 4．上文“Other smells are perceived consciously, yet their health effects vary. Pleasant smells, like flowers, often have universal appeal, while others arouse personal or cultural memories. For instance, pine might remind one of childhood hikes, whereas urban pollution could cause discomfort.(其他气味则是有意识地被感知到的，但它们的健康影响各不相同。令人愉悦的气味，如花香，通常具有普遍的吸引力，而其他气味则会引起个人或文化的记忆。例如，松树可能会让人想起童年的徒步旅行，而城市污染则可能引起不适。)”提到不同的自然气味对人类有不同的影响，空处应该进一步说明理解这些差异的重要性。选项F“Understanding these differences is key to employing nature’s smell power.(理解这些差异是利用自然气味力量的关键。)”符合语境。故选F。 5．上文“Human activities, like pollution and habitat destruction, change nature’s smell profile.(人类活动，如污染和栖息地破坏，改变了自然的气味特征。)”提到人类活动对自然气味产生了影响，下文“Protecting fragrant ecosystems, they argue, could preserve not just biodiversity but also human health.(他们认为，保护芳香的生态系统不仅可以保护生物多样性，还可以保护人类健康。)”提到保护自然气味生态系统的重要性。由此可知，研究人员敦促探索失去自然气味对人类健康的影响，从而强调保护自然气味生态系统的重要性，选项G“The researchers urge to explore how losing these natural smells harms well-being.(研究人员呼吁探索失去这些自然气味如何损害幸福感。)”符合语境。故选G。 主题01 人与社会——社交与人际沟通 Passage 1 （24-25高二下·山东菏泽·期中） How to take — and give — criticism well We all love to criticize. Unfortunately, we also hate being criticized. We post and comment on others with abandon, but feel angry at the way others assess us, both online and in person. The world seems unlikely to change anytime soon. 1 , in ways that will make us less likely to feel offended (冒犯) and harm others, and better able to benefit from criticism. ● It’s not personal. When we receive criticism, we make it personal in two ways. First, we may naturally analyze the critic rather than the criticism. Second, we tend to consider the criticism a judgment on our inner abilities, rather than on our performance. The solution is to set up an internal affirmation (肯定) such as: “I don’t care what this criticism says about the person giving it, and I choose not to see it as a personal attack on me. 2 — nothing more, nothing less.” ● Treat criticism like insider information. Once you depersonalize criticism in this way, you can start to see it for what it is: a rare glimpse into what outsiders think about your performance. 3 . If this doesn’t come easily to you, one way to develop the courage to do so is to ask friends whom you like and trust to form a critics’ circle, reviewing one another’s work and giving honest suggestions. ● Make criticism a gift, never a weapon. We all have to give criticism from time to time. The key to criticizing to the best effect is to remember the gift / weapon rule: 4 ; if I am doing it to harm, I am doing it wrong. To keep criticism in the first category, research tells us that it should have five elements: the care of the recipient (接受者) in mind, respectful delivery, good intentions, a pathway to improvement, and an appropriate target of the recipient’s needs. ● 5 . Scholars writing in 2014 showed that positive feedback given to students in public was 9 percent more motivating than when given privately, while negative feedback in private was 11 percent more motivating than in public. So what does that mean for your rude online reviews? Send them to the blogger directly, if you dare. Or better yet, don’t send them at all - unless you truly intend them to be helpful. A．Criticism is a gift to a wise person B．Praise in public, and criticize in private C．Sometimes praise, and sometimes criticize D．If I am criticizing to help, I am doing it right E．I will assess it on its face about the matter at hand F．However, each of us can change how we take and give criticism G．This provides a potential opportunity to correct course and improve 【答案】1．F 2．E 3．G 4．D 5．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了如何更好地批评和接受批评。 1．根据上文“We all love to criticize. Unfortunately, we also hate being criticized. We post and comment on others with abandon, but feel angry at the way others assess us, both online and in person. The world seems unlikely to change anytime soon.(我们都喜欢批评。不幸的是，我们也讨厌被批评。我们随心所欲地发布和评论别人，但对别人评价我们的方式感到愤怒，无论是在网上还是在现实生活中。世界似乎不太可能在短期内改变)”以及后文“in ways that will make us less likely to feel offended (冒犯) and harm others, and better able to benefit from criticism.(这将使我们不太可能感到被冒犯和伤害他人，并能更好地从批评中受益)”可知，本句与上文构成转折关系，指出批评方式的改变，呼应后文改变所带来的影响。故F选项“然而，我们每个人都可以改变我们接受和给予批评的方式”符合语境，故选F。 2．根据上文“I don’t care what this criticism says about the person giving it, and I choose not to see it as a personal attack on me.(我不在乎这种批评是怎么说给予批评的人的，我选择不把它看作是对我的人身攻击)”可知，上文提到不要把批评看作是人身攻击，即对事情进行就事论事，故E选项“关于手头的事情，我将直接进行评估”符合语境，故选E。 3．根据上文“Once you depersonalize criticism in this way, you can start to see it for what it is: a rare glimpse into what outsiders think about your performance.(一旦你以这种方式去个人化批评，你就可以开始看到它的本来面目：这是外人对你表现的罕见看法)”以及后文“If this doesn’t come easily to you, one way to develop the courage to do so is to ask friends whom you like and trust to form a critics’ circle, reviewing one another’s work and giving honest suggestions.(如果这对你来说并不容易，有一种方法可以鼓起勇气这样做，那就是邀请你喜欢和信任的朋友组成一个评论家圈，互相评论彼此的作品，并给出诚实的建议)”可知，上文提到外人对你的表现提出罕见看法，推测本句承接上文，说明如何看待这种看法。故G选项“这提供了一个潜在的机会来纠正路线和改进”符合语境，故选G。 4．根据后文“if I am doing it to harm, I am doing it wrong.(如果我这样做是为了伤害别人，那我就是做错了)”可知，后文提到了批评是为了伤害别人的情况，推测本句是在说明批评的正面作用，即帮助他人。故D选项“如果我批评是为了帮助别人，那我做得对”符合语境，故选D。 5．根据本段内容“Scholars writing in 2014 showed that positive feedback given to students in public was 9 percent more motivating than when given privately, while negative feedback in private was 11 percent more motivating than in public. So what does that mean for your rude online reviews? Send them to the blogger directly, if you dare. Or better yet, don’t send them at all - unless you truly intend them to be helpful.( 2014年，学者们写道，在公共场合给予学生的积极反馈比私下给予的激励高出9%，而私下给予的消极反馈比公开给予的激励高出11%。那么，这对你那些粗鲁的网上评论意味着什么呢？如果你敢的话，直接发给博主。或者更好的是，根本就不要发送它们——除非你真的想让它们对你有帮助)”可知，本段主要说明了公开给予积极反馈的好处，B选项中Praise in public对应positive feedback given to students in public。故B选项“公开表扬，私下批评”符合语境，故选B。 Passage 2 （24-25高二下·山东部分学校联考·期中） The digital divide is shrinking (缩小) as older generations embrace social media. According to data from earlier this year, more than 70% of Australians aged 65 and older use social media to some degree. 1 . Our research indicates older adults also use them to share memories, participate in community groups and access news. 2 . Research shows many older users are motivated by the desire to stay connected with their families, particularly grandchildren, who often share their lives through social media. For others, the need to stay connected in challenging times accelerates the adoption of digital tools, making social media an essential way to maintain relationships. 3 . By viewing photos, videos and updates, they can remain engaged with their loved ones’ lives, no matter the physical distance. Despite its benefits, social media is not without challenges for older adults. For some, exploring the complex interface (界面) of platforms can make people feel less confident. The research shows half of older adults feel anxious about using communication technologies, with older women experiencing more anxiety than older men. 4 . Additionally, while social media facilitates connection, it cannot replace the depth of face-to-face interactions. Social media can keep older adults connected and its potential should be fully developed. 5 . As the world becomes increasingly digital, empowering older adults to engage meaningfully with social media will ensure they remain not only connected but also active participants in a rapidly evolving social landscape. A．Surprisingly, a large number of users are older people B．This growing trend is driven by both internal and outside factors C．Social media provides older adults with a virtual seat in the family lives D．So addressing barriers such as digital skills and online safety is crucial E．The virtual community is an inclusive space where members share experiences F．Some platforms serve as a gateway to reconnect with family and long-lost friends G．Issues like privacy concerns and misinformation can also create barriers to the engagement 【答案】1．F 2．B 3．C 4．G 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文探讨了老年人使用社交媒体日益增长的趋势，分析了他们使用的动机和面临的挑战，并强调需要解决这些障碍以充分发挥社交媒体的潜力。 1．前文“According to data from earlier this year, more than 70% of Australians aged 65 and older use social media to some degree. (根据今年早些时候的数据显示，65岁及以上的澳大利亚人中，超过70%都在不同程度地使用社交媒体)”表明很多老年人在使用社交媒体，后文“Our research indicates older adults also use them to share memories, participate in community groups and access news. (我们的研究表明，老年人使用社交媒体还为了分享回忆、参与社区群组和获取新闻资讯)”介绍老年人使用社交媒体的其他目的，因此F项“Some platforms serve as a gateway to reconnect with family and long-lost friends (一些平台充当了与家人和失散多年的朋友重新连接的门户)”符合语境，老年人使用社交媒体的目的包含与他人联系，承接前文，后文与之是递进关系，选项中的Some platforms是后文them所指代的对象。故选F。 2．后文“Research shows many older users are motivated by the desire to stay connected with their families, particularly grandchildren, who often share their lives through social media. For others, the need to stay connected in challenging times accelerates the adoption of digital tools, making social media an essential way to maintain relationships. (研究表明，许多老年用户使用社交媒体的动机源于与家人保持联系的渴望，尤其是想了解经常通过社交媒体分享生活的孙辈们。对另一些老年人而言，在特殊时期保持联系的需求加速了他们接受数字工具，使社交媒体成为维系亲情的重要方式)”指出老年用户使用社交媒体既有家庭原因，也有外部的需求，此处作为段首句，应该是总的概括老年人使用社交媒体的原因，因此B项“This growing trend is driven by both internal and outside factors (这一增长趋势是由内在和外在因素共同驱动的)”符合语境，总领本段内容。故选B。 3．前文“For others, the need to stay connected in challenging times accelerates the adoption of digital tools, making social media an essential way to maintain relationships. (对另一些老年人而言，在特殊时期保持联系的需求加速了他们接受数字工具，使社交媒体成为维系亲情的重要方式)”提到老年人维系亲情的动机，后文“By viewing photos, videos and updates, they can remain engaged with their loved ones’ lives, no matter the physical distance. (通过浏览照片、视频和动态更新，他们能够持续关注亲人的生活点滴，无论相隔多远都能保持紧密联系)”描述老年人使用社交媒体的具体方式，因此C项“Social media provides older adults with a virtual seat in the family lives (社交媒体为老年人提供了参与家庭生活的虚拟席位)”符合语境，概括社交媒体对于老年人的用处，承前启后。故选C。 4．前文“For some, exploring the complex interface (界面) of platforms can make people feel less confident. (对部分老年人来说，操作复杂的平台界面容易让他们产生畏难情绪)”提到技术方面的障碍，后文“Additionally, while social media facilitates connection, it cannot replace the depth of face-to-face interactions. (此外，尽管社交媒体能够促进人际联系，但它始终无法替代面对面交流的情感深度)”提到社交媒体本身存在的局限性，因此G项“Issues like privacy concerns and misinformation can also create barriers to the engagement (隐私担忧和错误信息等问题也可能造成参与障碍)”符合语境，补充老年人面临的其他挑战，承前启后。故选G。 5．前文“Social media can keep older adults connected and its potential should be fully developed. (社交媒体能够帮助老年人保持社交联系，其潜力应得到充分开)”建议充分开发社交媒体的潜力，因此D项“So addressing barriers such as digital skills and online safety is crucial (因此解决数字技能和网络安全等障碍至关重要)”符合语境，强调解决各种障碍的必要性，和前文是因果关系。故选D。 主题02 人与社会——文化与社会现象 Passage 1 （24-25高二下·山东省实验中学·期中） Walk through any park or glance in a café window, and you’ll see many people staring at screens. Some might be studying, while others seem hard at work. 1 They will either check updates about celebrities or edit photos, post them to gain followers and count views and comments. It’s no secret that celebrities edit their images before posting. Some go to extreme lengths, making their eyes bigger, their nose smaller and their teeth whiter. It’s so easy for you to get caught up in a whirlwind (旋风) of comparison as you stare at a seemingly perfect figure. 2 No matter how many views or likes you have, if you get trapped in a competitive mindset, it can turn into a bottomless pit because there will always be someone who has received more positive responses. 3 Even if it seems the rest of the world isn’t showing their true selves, you can be different. Make your social media channels a reflection of who you are and what you believe in. Share your real, kind voice with the rest of the world, just as you do at home and with friends. While maintaining your social contact online, give time and attention to people doing inspiring things, spreading uplifting messages and sharing beautiful ideas. 4 If social media makes you full of self-doubt, pause and step away. You could try doing something creative, maybe writing in a diary, drawing in a sketchbook or painting a picture that will give your mind a different focus. 5 They will remind you there is a wonderful off-screen world in difference. A．Try to be authentic. B．Fit yourself into social media. C．You could also think of fun times spent with net friends. D．Even better, try spending time with your family or friends. E．However, most of them will be found going through social media. F．If someone’s posts make you feel bad about yourself, click unfollow or hide. G．One minute you feel great about yourself, the next you question your appearance. 【答案】1．E 2．G 3．A 4．F 5．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文，介绍了如何减少社交媒体带来的消极影响。 1．根据上文“Walk through any park or glance in a café window, and you’ll see many people staring at screens. Some might be studying, while others seem hard at work.(走在任何一个公园里，或者看一眼咖啡馆的窗户，你都会看到很多人盯着屏幕。有些人可能在学习，而另一些人似乎在努力工作)”以及后文“They will either check updates about celebrities or edit photos, post them to gain followers and count views and comments.(他们可以查看名人的最新动态，或者编辑照片，发布以吸引粉丝，并统计观看量和评论)”可知，本句与上文构成转折，指出很多人都是在看社交媒体的情况。故E选项“然而，会发现大多数在浏览社交媒体”符合语境，故选E。 2．根据上文“It’s no secret that celebrities edit their images before posting. Some go to extreme lengths, making their eyes bigger, their nose smaller and their teeth whiter. It’s so easy for you to get caught up in a whirlwind (旋风) of comparison as you stare at a seemingly perfect figure.(众所周知，名人在发布照片前都会编辑照片。有些人甚至竭尽全力，把眼睛变大，鼻子变小，牙齿变白。当你盯着一个看似完美的身材时，你很容易陷入比较的漩涡中)”以及后文“No matter how many views or likes you have, if you get trapped in a competitive mindset, it can turn into a bottomless pit because there will always be someone who has received more positive responses.(不管你有多少评论或点赞，如果你陷入竞争的心态，它就会变成一个无底洞，因为总会有人得到更积极的回应)”可知，本句主要说明网络照片对人的消极影响，故G选项“前一分钟你自我感觉良好，下一分钟你就开始质疑自己的外表”符合语境，故选G。 3．根据本段内容“Even if it seems the rest of the world isn’t showing their true selves, you can be different. Make your social media channels a reflection of who you are and what you believe in. Share your real, kind voice with the rest of the world, just as you do at home and with friends.(即使世界上的其他人似乎都没有展现出他们真实的自我，你也可以与众不同。让你的社交媒体渠道反映出你是谁，你相信什么。与世界分享你真实、善良的声音，就像你在家里和朋友一样)”可知，本段的主旨是做真实的自我，A选项中be authentic对应后文Share your real。故A选项“试着真实一点”符合语境，故选A。 4．根据上文“While maintaining your social contact online, give time and attention to people doing inspiring things, spreading uplifting messages and sharing beautiful ideas.(在保持你的在线社交联系的同时，花时间和精力关注那些做鼓舞人心的事情、传播振奋人心的信息和分享美好想法的人)”可知，上文强调花时间和精力关注美好，本句为本段最后一句，故说明应该抵制那些让你感觉不好，消极的信息。故F选项“如果某人的帖子让你对自己感觉不好，点击取消关注或隐藏”符合语境，故选F。 5．根据上文“If social media makes you full of self-doubt, pause and step away. You could try doing something creative, maybe writing in a diary, drawing in a sketchbook or painting a picture that will give your mind a different focus.(如果社交媒体让你充满了自我怀疑，那就停下来离开吧。你可以尝试做一些有创意的事情，比如写日记，在速写本上画画，或者画一幅画，这些都会给你的大脑带来不同的焦点)”以及后文“They will remind you there is a wonderful off-screen world in difference.(他们会提醒你，在屏幕之外还有一个不同的精彩世界)”可知，本句主要说明后文They指代的内容，D选项中family or friends对应后文They。故D选项“更好的是，试着花时间和家人或朋友在一起”符合语境，故选D。 主题03 人与社会——科技与社会应用 Passage 1 （24-25高二下·山东泰安·期中） AI is having a moment. The media are full of it. Disadvantages abound (有很多), but there’s also a brighter side to AI, because it holds out some practical promise in tackling a number of stubborn challenges. 1 . Monitor the forests The rainforests of South America may be under threat, but they’ re still vast and remote enough to make monitoring them a real challenge. Satellite monitoring brings a host of benefits such as wide-area coverage and real-time data collection. 2 . It has high costs and easily affected by bad weather which can make the data inaccurate. Drones (无人机), equipped with advanced cameras and motion sensors, can fly almost silently through the trees, spotting the slightest sign of illegal logging (伐木) or other activities. 3 . And it can give immediate responses to potential threats. Protect wild animals Some of the world’s most precious and endangered species are, by definition, the most elusive (难以发现的), as are many of the hidden threats facing them. 4 . It is helping identify and track individual creatures in remote environments, from the snow leopards to whales and dolphins, giving vital information for conservation strategies. In Uganda and South Africa, wildlife guardians are using a combination of drone cameras and AI tools to anticipate the movements of illegal hunters trying to kill rhinos or elephants, allowing the guardians to move quickly before the deadly shots are fired. 5 AI can scan vast amounts of data from diverse sources, compare and analyze them, and present an adapted result to the screen of a basic smartphone in seconds. And one of the benefits of the ability is to provide low-income farmer with detailed advice that would previously have been far out of their reach. A．Offer help to farmers B．It also has some limitations. C．AI can help track down both. D．Analyze the data from drones. E．There are also other benefits. F．AI is here to help in different ways. G．AI is able to analyze their findings within seconds. 【答案】1．F 2．B 3．G 4．C 5．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了人工智能在保护森林，保护野生动物和帮助农民三方面起着重要作用。 1．根据上文“Disadvantages abound (有很多), but there’s also a brighter side to AI, because it holds out some practical promise in tackling a number of stubborn challenges(人工智能有很多缺点，但也有光明的一面，因为它在解决一些棘手的挑战方面提供了一些实际的希望)”提到人工智能有缺点，但也有光明的一面，能应对一些棘手的挑战。F选项“AI is here to help in different ways.( 人工智能在以不同的方式提供帮助)”承接上文，引出下文具体介绍人工智能在不同方面的帮助，起到了承上启下的作用。故选F项。 2．根据上文“Satellite monitoring brings a host of benefits such as wide-area coverage and real-time data collection.( 卫星监测带来了许多好处，如广域覆盖和实时数据收集)”说卫星监测有很多好处，如大面积覆盖和实时数据收集，以及下文“It has high costs and easily affected by bad weather which can make the data inaccurate.( 它成本高，容易受到恶劣天气的影响，从而使数据不准确)”又提到它成本高且易受恶劣天气影响导致数据不准确。B选项 “It also has some limitations.( 它也有一些局限性)”能够很好地连接上下文，说明卫星监测虽然有好处但也存在不足。故选B项。 3．根据上文“Drones (无人机), equipped with advanced cameras and motion sensors, can fly almost silently through the trees, spotting the slightest sign of illegal logging(伐木) or other activities.( 无人机配备了先进的摄像头和运动传感器，几乎可以悄无声息地飞越树木，发现最轻微的非法采伐或其他活动的迹象)”提到无人机配备先进的摄像头和运动传感器，可以在树林中飞行并发现非法伐木或其他活动的细微迹象。G选项“AI is able to analyze their findings within seconds.( 人工智能能够在几秒钟内分析它们的发现)”这里的“their findings”指的就是无人机的发现，且与下文“And it can give immediate responses to potential threats.( 并且它可以对潜在威胁立即做出反应)”相呼应，说明了人工智能对无人机监测结果的分析及作用。故选G项。 4．根据上文“Some of the world’s most precious and endangered species are, by definition, the most elusive (难以发现的), as are many of the hidden threats facing them.( 顾名思义，世界上一些最珍贵和濒危的物种是最难以捉摸的，它们面临的许多潜在威胁也是如此)”提到世界上一些最珍贵和濒危的物种难以发现，它们面临的许多隐藏威胁也难以察觉。C选项 “AI can help track down both.( 人工智能可以帮助追踪这两者)”可知，“both”指代上文的 “the most precious and endangered species”和“the hidden threats”，说明人工智能可以解决这两个问题，符合语境。故选C项。 5．根据下文“AI can scan vast amounts of data from diverse sources, compare and analyze them, and present an adapted result to the screen of a basic smartphone in seconds. And one of the benefits of the ability is to provide low-income farmer with detailed advice that would previously have been far out of their reach.( 人工智能可以扫描来自不同来源的大量数据，对其进行比较和分析，并在几秒钟内将调整后的结果呈现在普通智能手机的屏幕上。这种能力的好处之一是为低收入农民提供详细的建议，这在以前是他们遥不可及的)”可知，这段主要讲的是人工智能能够扫描分析数据并为低收入农民提供详细建议，A选项“Offer help to farmers(为农民提供帮助)”能够概括该段内容，作为小标题合适。故选A项。 主题04 人与自我——生活方式与心态调整 Passage 1 （24-25高二下·山东青岛·期中） Collapsed on the sofa, eyes half-closed, one part of your brain screams that you should be sleeping, but the other is whispering just one more episode, one more level on that game. 1 As defined by researchers Kroese, it is the habit of needlessly and voluntarily delaying going to bed, despite foreseeably being worse off as a result. Why do we keep stuck in the cycle of bedtime procrastination (拖延)? The answer, it turns out, is a mix of digital distractions and our own psychological tendencies. 2 Besides, when we’re dealing with negative emotions, it’s appealing to drown them out with some entertainment until we’re too tired to feel anything. How can we break the bad cycle and get back our good night’s sleep? Here are some practical strategies. Establish a consistent bedtime routine. Think back to your childhood. Many of us had bedtime routines that included a set sleep time, a story, or perhaps a bedtime song. As adults, we can benefit from the same consistency. 3 Manage digital distractions. 4 They entertain, educate, and connect us, but they also distract and keep us awake. Try to make special tech-free times or zones in the bedroom. Use apps or tools that limit screen time or switch your device to nighttime mode to reduce blue light exposure. 5 When those negative emotions keep us up, we need to address them directly. Relaxation exercises, such as deep breathing, yoga, or meditation, can help calm our minds and prepare us for sleep. Above all, breaking the cycle of bedtime procrastination won’t happen overnight, but every effort you make, every new habit you form, is a step in the right direction. A．Our smart devices are double-edged swords. B．So what exactly is this bedtime procrastination? C．Identify the causes of it and start making changes. D．Master stress and anxiety management techniques. E．We can set a regular sleep schedule and try to stick to it. F．As life goes tech-driven, we spend more time on screens. G．What distracts us when we’re supposed to be concentrating? 【答案】1．B 2．F 3．E 4．A 5．D 【导语】本文是说明文。文章围绕“睡前拖延症”展开，先对睡前拖延症进行了定义，接着分析了导致睡前拖延症的原因，最后针对如何打破睡前拖延的恶性循环、恢复良好睡眠给出了一些切实可行的策略。 1．根据前文“Collapsed on the sofa, eyes half-closed, one part of your brain screams that you should be sleeping, but the other is whispering just one more episode, one more level on that game.(瘫倒在沙发上，眼睛半闭着，你大脑的一部分尖叫着说你应该睡觉了，但另一部分却在低语，只是再多上一集，再上一关)”以及后文“As defined by researchers Kroese, it is the habit of needlessly and voluntarily delaying going to bed, despite foreseeably being worse off as a result.(根据研究人员克罗斯的定义，这是一种不必要的、自愿推迟上床睡觉的习惯，尽管可以预见结果会更糟)”可知，后文在下定义，所以空处应是提出一个相关概念，B项“So what exactly is this bedtime procrastination?(那么睡前拖延症到底是什么呢？)”承接上文，下文则是对此问的回答。故选B项。 2．根据前文“Why do we keep stuck in the cycle of bedtime procrastination (拖延)? The answer, it turns out, is a mix of digital distractions and our own psychological tendencies.(为什么我们总是陷入睡前拖延症的怪圈？事实证明，答案是数字干扰和我们自己的心理倾向的结合)”可知，本段解释了为什么我们总是陷入睡前拖延症的怪圈，是因为数字干扰，所以F项“As life goes tech-driven, we spend more time on screens.(随着生活越来越受科技驱动，我们花在屏幕上的时间越来越多)”是对前文提到的数字干扰的详细解释，而后文“Besides, when we’re dealing with negative emotions, it’s appealing to drown them out with some entertainment until we’re too tired to feel anything.(此外，当我们处理负面情绪时，用一些娱乐来淹没它们是很有吸引力的，直到我们太累了，感觉不到任何东西)”则是对心理倾向的详细解释。故选F。 3．设空位于段尾，是对前文的总结，根据前文“Establish a consistent bedtime routine. Think back to your childhood. Many of us had bedtime routines that included a set sleep time, a story, or perhaps a bedtime song. As adults, we can benefit from the same consistency.(建立一个固定的就寝时间。回想一下你的童年。我们中的许多人都有睡前习惯，包括固定的睡觉时间，听故事，或者听睡前歌。作为成年人，我们可以从同样的一致性中受益)”可知，本段主要讲述建立一个固定的就寝时间，所以E项“We can set a regular sleep schedule and try to stick to it.(我们可以制定一个有规律的睡眠时间表，并尽量坚持下去)”符合本段主题，是对前文的总结。故选E项。 4．根据前文“Manage digital distractions.(管理数字干扰)”以及后文“They entertain, educate, and connect us, but they also distract and keep us awake.(它们娱乐、教育和连接我们，但它们也会分散我们的注意力，让我们保持清醒)”可知，后文讲述电子产品有好处也有坏处，所以A项“Our smart devices are double-edged swords.(我们的智能设备是一把双刃剑)”符合本段主题，下文是对本句的解释。故选A项。 5．设空位于段首，为本段中心句，根据后文“When those negative emotions keep us up, we need to address them directly. Relaxation exercises, such as deep breathing, yoga, or meditation, can help calm our minds and prepare us for sleep.(当这些负面情绪困扰我们时，我们需要直接解决它们。放松练习，如深呼吸、瑜伽或冥想，可以帮助我们平静头脑，为睡觉做准备)”可知，本段讲述怎么处理负面情绪，所以D项“Master stress and anxiety management techniques.(掌握压力和焦虑管理技巧)”符合本段主题，为中心句。故选D项。 Passage 2 （24-25高二下·山东名校考试联盟·期中） I used to always boast my busyness as some big achievements. Deadlines at school, social commitments, my own personal projects — they all equaled to being “productive.” Yet, a burnout weekend with achieving nothing, came the wake-up call: I wasn’t living any more, only surviving. 1 Its essence lies in presence, intention, and appreciation for the small things. And I believe we could all use a little more of it in our fast-paced world. Slow living is not doing less out of laziness. 2 It’s taking back our time and attention from the non-stop hurry of contemporary life, emphasizing quality over quantity gives life depth. Consider food: instead of rushing through them, we savor each bite, appreciating the effort behind food. 3 This isn’t wrong since not everybody can cut working hours or work extra holiday hours. But slow living isn’t about grand gestures; it’s about small, intentional choices. Put your phone away during dinner. Dedicate 10 minutes daily to journaling instead of scrolling social media. These habits fit even the busiest schedules. I’ve done it myself. I decreased my activities significantly this year, and I learned to say no to commitments that were not on my top list. I prepared more meals at home, enjoying the process as much as the product. And I devoted more time to staying outside. 4 Slow living offers advantages to human beings and natural environment alike. The highspeed life we are living today is often unsustainable. 5 If we adopt slow living, then we can change the world and create a better and cleaner world. In a word, slow living is revolutionary. It reminds us life isn’t about checking boxes but experiencing moments. As I’ve learned, true productivity lies not in busyness, but in living intentionally. A．It is doing what matters most. B．This sparked my embrace of slow living. C．The key to it is centering on essential tasks. D．Slow living is often misunderstood as inefficiency. E．These shifts reduced anxiety and enhanced energy. F．However, some critics consider slow living a luxury. G．The world needs 1.75 Earths to meet our consumption. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．F 4．E 5．G 【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了作者曾经以忙碌为荣，但经历了一个疲惫不堪且一事无成的周末后，开始反思并转向慢生活，强调生活的本质在于存在、专注和对小事的欣赏，而非仅仅追求效率。 1．根据上文“Yet, a burnout weekend with achieving nothing, came the wake-up call: I wasn’t living any more, only surviving.(然而，在一个疲惫不堪且一事无成的周末之后，我得到了一个警醒：我不再是真正地生活，而只是在生存)”和下文“Its essence lies in presence, intention, and appreciation for the small things.(它的本质在于存在、专注和对小事的欣赏)”可知，空处描述作者在意识到自己只是在生存而非生活之后，开始转向慢生活，选项B“This sparked my embrace of slow living.(这激发了我对慢生活的拥抱)”符合语境。故选B。 2．根据上文“Slow living is not doing less out of laziness.(慢生活并不是因为懒惰而少做事)”可知，空处描述的是慢生活的真正含义，选项A“It is doing what matters most.(它是做最重要的事)”符合语境。故选A。 3．根据下文“This isn’t wrong since not everybody can cut working hours or work extra holiday hours.(这并没有错，因为不是每个人都能减少工作时间或增加假期工作时间)”可推测出，空处描述的是人们对慢生活的误解，选项F“However, some critics consider slow living a luxury.(然而，一些批评者认为慢生活是一种奢侈)”符合语境。故选F。 4．根据上文“And I devoted more time to staying outside.(我投入了更多的时间待在外面)“可知，上文主要描述了作者在践行慢生活后所做的一些改变，空处应该描述这些改变所带来的影响，选项E“These shifts reduced anxiety and enhanced energy.(这些改变减轻了焦虑，提高了活力)”符合语境。故选E。 5．根据上文“The high-speed life we are living today is often unsustainable.(我们今天所过的高速生活往往是不可持续的)”和下文“If we adopt slow living, then we can change the world and create a better and cleaner world.(如果我们采用慢生活，那么我们就可以改变世界，创造一个更好、更清洁的世界)”可知，空处描述的是高速生活对环境造成的压力，选项G“The world needs 1.75 Earths to meet our consumption.(世界需要1.75个地球来满足我们的消费)”符合语境。故选G。 主题05 人与自我——自我成长与能力培养 Passage 1 （24-25高二下·山东烟台·期中） Curiosity, the driving force behind innovation, creativity, and personal growth, keeps us questioning the world around us, pushing us to seek out new knowledge and experiences. 1 It’s a skill that can be developed over time. Let’s explore ways to cultivate it. 2 It’s the belief that your abilities and intelligence can be developed through effort and learning. This outlook encourages you to ask questions, challenge your assumptions and welcome new perspectives. Instead of viewing failure as a reflection of your limitations, you see it as a stepping stone to greater understanding and improvement. From childhood, we are naturally curious, constantly asking “why” and “how” as we try to make sense of the world around us. 3 To refuel your sense of curiosity, start asking more questions in your daily life — whether in conversations, while reading, or during work-related tasks. Curiosity is often activated when we expose ourselves to new experiences and unfamiliar environments. 4 By stepping outside of your routine, you invite new ideas and new opportunities for growth. Whether it’s traveling to a new country, learning a new language, or trying out a new hobby, these experiences stimulate your brain, keeping it engaged and curious. At times, we miss out on opportunities for growth by assuming we know everything or by being closed off to other ideas. 5 If you value different insights, whether from peers or critics, you can reflect on how their viewpoints can contribute to your growth. A．Learning is beyond formal education. B．But curiosity isn’t just a natural quality. C．The human brain is wired to respond to novelty. D．As we grow older, this tendency to question often lessens. E．It’s sensible to adapt to your comfort zone and stay humble. F．One important step to boosting curiosity is adopting a growth mindset. G．Curiosity involves a willingness to learn from others and remain open to feedback. 【答案】1．B 2．F 3．D 4．C 5．G 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要探讨了好奇心的本质及其培养方法。 1．前文介绍好奇心的作用，后文“It’s a skill that can be developed over time. (它是一种可以随着时间的推移而培养的技能。) 说明这应不仅是一项天生就具备的品质，也是后天可以培养的。B选项“但好奇心不仅仅是一种天生的品质”恰好衔接了这一转折，说明好奇心兼具先天与后天的特性。故选B。 2．前文“Let’s explore ways to cultivate it. (让我们来探索培养好奇心的方法。)”表明下文开始介绍具体的方法。后文“It’s the belief that your abilities and intelligence can be developed through effort and learning. (这是一种信念，认为你的能力和智力可以通过努力和学习得到提升。)”提到“这种信念”，应是空处提到了某种想法或信念。F选项“激发好奇心的重要一步是采用成长型思维”先行明确给出要“采用成长型思维”这一重要说法，即后文所指的belief，为后文的具体解释做铺垫。故选F。 3．前文“From childhood, we are naturally curious, constantly asking “why” and “how” as we try to make sense of the world around us. (从童年起，我们天生好奇，不断询问“为什么”和“怎么样”，试图理解周围的世界。) 描述儿童时期的自然好奇心，后文“To refuel your sense of curiosity, start asking more questions in your daily life — whether in conversations, while reading, or during work-related tasks. (为了重新激发好奇心，请开始在日常生活中提出更多问题——无论是也他人对话时，阅读时还是在处理工作相关任务时。)”则提到需要“重新激发”，暗示这种好奇心可能减弱。D选项“随着年龄增长，这种提问的倾向往往会减少”解释了前后文的逻辑关系，说明好奇心会减少，需要主动维持。故选D。 4．前文“Curiosity is often activated when we expose ourselves to new experiences and unfamiliar environments. (当我们接触新体验和陌生环境时，好奇心常常被激发。) 提到新体验激发好奇心，后文 “By stepping outside of your routine, you invite new ideas and new opportunities for growth. (通过打破常规，你会迎来新的想法和成长机会。)进一步说明打破常规的作用。C选项 “人类大脑天生对新奇事物有反应”从科学角度解释了前文现象，并与后文的行动建议形成呼应。故选C。 5．前文“At times, we miss out on opportunities for growth by assuming we know everything or by being closed off to other ideas. (有时，我们因自以为无所不知或拒绝其他观点而错失成长机会。) 指出封闭思维的危害，后文“If you value different insights, whether from peers or critics, you can reflect on how their viewpoints can contribute to your growth. (如果你重视不同的见解，无论是来自同伴还是批评者，你都可以思考他们的观点如何促进你的成长。) ”指出开放态度的重要性。G选项“好奇心包括愿意向他人学习并接受反馈”能衔接前后文，形成指出危害、提出正确做法、说明这种做法的重要性的逻辑链条。故选G。 Passage 2 （24-25高二下·山东淄博·期中） You have to make a speech. You have done your research and now have plenty of ideas bouncing around in your head that you want to get across. The big question you face at this point is how to organize those thoughts. 1 You need to brainstorm some supporting ideas and then figure out how those ideas fit together. These are just two cases that many people deal with frequently. Some use outlining to flesh out and organize their ideas, but is that the best strategy? 2 3 This two-dimensional structure is designed to help you remember information because its format is easy for your mind to remember. More than 250 million people worldwide use them, so why don’t you have a try and see what they are all about? What is a mind map? Simply put, it is one’s ideas put into the form of a visual diagram that starts with a central idea. Put this idea in a bubble in the middle of a page with lines radiating out to other bubbles that contain related themes or concepts. 4 Use words, short phrases or images to express your ideas. And use color-coded bubbles for a visual representation of each branch’s connection. Studies have shown that this technique of using pictures, colors and visual arrangement has improved people’s recall and memory of information by 10 to 15 percent. 5 Creativity is aroused because of the spatial arrangement, enabling people to make more links and associations on topics of any kind. Additionally, it increases one’s productivity because mind mapping makes it easier to learn faster. So whether you’re in charge of a project or writing a research paper, make this technique a core part of your planning process! A．But it doesn’t stop there. B．It should look like a many-legged spider. C．This is a common problem that many people face. D．It has proven to increase not only productivity and creativity but also memory. E．Or perhaps you are planning to write a paper, and all you have is the main topic. F．If everyone thought in a linear manner, then the answer would be yes, but most people don’t. G．Enter mind mapping, a technique that shows how different ideas and facts relate to one another. 【答案】1．E 2．F 3．G 4．B 5．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍人们组织想法常遇难题，探讨大纲策略优劣后引入思维导图，阐述其构建方式及助记忆、提创造力与生产力的作用。 1．由上文“The big question you face at this point is how to organize those thoughts. (此时你面临的大问题是如何组织这些想法。)”可知，这里强调面临如何组织想法的问题，而E项“Or perhaps you are planning to write a paper, and all you have is the main topic. (或者也许你正计划写一篇论文，而你所拥有的只是主题。) ”进一步列举了另一种类似的情况，即写论文时只有主题，同样面临组织想法的问题，与上文形成并列，有补充说明的作用。故选E项。 2．由上文“Some use outlining to flesh out and organize their ideas, but is that the best strategy? (有些人用大纲来充实和组织他们的想法，但这是最好的策略吗？)”可知，这里提出大纲是否是最佳策略的疑问，而F项“If everyone thought in a linear manner, then the answer would be yes, but most people don’t. (如果每个人都以线性方式思考，那么答案会是肯定的，但大多数人不是。) ”对上文提出的问题进行了回应，解释了大纲并非对所有人来说都是最佳策略的原因，与上文的疑问相呼应。故选F项。 3．由下文“This two-dimensional structure is designed to help you remember information because its format is easy for your mind to remember. More than 250 million people worldwide use them, so why don’t you have a try and see what they are all about? (这种二维结构旨在帮助你记住信息，因为它的格式很容易被你的大脑记住。全球有超过2.5亿人在使用它们，所以为什么不试试，看看它们到底是什么呢？)”可知，下文介绍了一种帮助记忆信息的二维结构。而G项“Enter mind mapping, a technique that shows how different ideas and facts relate to one another. (来了解思维导图，这是一种展示不同想法和事实如何相互关联的技术。)”引出了思维导图这一概念，正是下文所描述的内容，起到了承上启下的作用。故选G项。 4．由上文“Put this idea in a bubble in the middle of a page with lines radiating out to other bubbles that contain related themes or concepts. (把这个想法放在页面中间的一个气泡里，用线条向外辐射到其他包含相关主题或概念的气泡上。)”可知，这里描述了思维导图的构建方式，而B项“It should look like a many-legged spider. (它应该看起来像一只多腿的蜘蛛。)”形象地描述了按照上文方式构建出来的思维导图的样子，与上文对思维导图构建的描述相呼应。故选B项。 5．由上文“Studies have shown that this technique of using pictures, colors and visual arrangement has improved people’s recall and memory of information by 10 to 15 percent. (研究表明，这种使用图片、颜色和视觉排列的技术使人们对信息的回忆和记忆提高了 10% 到 15%。)”可知，这里阐述了思维导图对记忆的作用。而A项“But it doesn’t stop there. (但不止如此。)”表示递进，引出下文“Creativity is aroused because of the spatial arrangement, enabling people to make more links and associations on topics of any kind. Additionally, it increases one’s productivity because mind mapping makes it easier to learn faster. (由于空间排列激发了创造力，使人们能够在任何主题上建立更多的联系和联想。此外，它还提高了人们的生产力，因为思维导图使学习更容易、更快。)”，进一步说明思维导图在创造力和生产力方面的作用。故选A项。 主题06 人与自然——自然与生活融合 Passage 1 （24-25高二下·山东临沂·期中） If you’re a hiker or outdoor person, you know how important it can be to bring a snack with you on a long outdoor adventure. 1 But when you’re done with your apple, you can just throw the core away, right? While your banana skin or apple core will degrade when exposed to nature, it is not necessarily safe for the environment for you to do so. Here’s why. 2 If you’ve ever had a compost heap (堆肥堆), you know that when you throw something in the compost, it takes some time to biodegrade and turn into rich, dark soil. Compost heaps are often the most ideal places for this organic matter to break down. 3 Next, leaving food waste could harm wildlife. If you leave an apple core near your favorite outdoor adventure spot, a deer may come along and decide to finish eating it for you. 4 However, feeding wildlife increases habituation. If an animal becomes habituated to finding apple cores along roadsides, for example, it increases the likelihood that it will be hurt or killed by passing traffic. Ultimately, the best practice when experiencing nature is to pack out everything that you pack in, even biodegradable food waste. Humans have systems in place for dealing with the quantity of organic food waste we produce. 5 A．The deer may be happy with the find. B．Do remember to bring your favorite snack. C．First, food waste might not degrade quickly. D．Finally, this might attract a group of wild deer. E．The ground near your favorite local hiking path is not. F．Nature, on the other hand, may have a harder time dealing with our waste. G．A banana, apple, or some other snack can make all the difference to how far you can go. 【答案】1．G 2．C 3．E 4．A 5．F 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要解释了为什么不能将果核、果皮等残渣扔在自然环境中。 1．根据空前“If you’re a hiker or outdoor person, you know how important it can be to bring a snack with you on a long outdoor adventure.(如果你是一个徒步旅行者或户外爱好者，你知道在漫长的户外探险中带零食有多重要)”和空后“But when you're done with your apple, you can just throw the core away, right?(但当你吃完苹果后，你可以直接扔掉果核，对吧？)”可知，空前提到了在漫长的户外探险中带零食的重要性，空后提出吃完苹果会将直接扔掉果核，故G项“一个香蕉、苹果或其他零食可以决定你能走多远”符合，承接前文，强调户外活动带零食的重要性，且引出后文关于仍苹果核的话题。故选G项。 2．根据空后“If you’ve ever had a compost heap (堆肥堆) , you know that when you throw something in the compost, it takes some time to biodegrade and turn into rich, dark soil.(如果你曾经有过堆肥堆，你知道当你把东西扔进堆肥时，它需要一些时间来生物降解并变成肥沃的土壤)”可知，空后提到将垃圾扔进堆肥，需要花费一些时间来生物降解，故C项“首先，食物残渣可能不会快速降解”作为本段的主旨句，说明食物降解需要时间。故选C项。 3．根据空前“Compost heaps are often the most ideal places for this organic matter to break down.(堆肥堆通常是这种有机物质分解的最理想场所)”可知，空前提到堆肥堆是有机物质分解的最理想的场所，故E项“你最喜欢的徒步路径附近的地面不是”与堆肥形成对比，说明自然环境不适合降解。故选E项。 4．根据空前“If you leave an apple core near your favorite outdoor adventure spot, a deer may come along and decide to finish eating it for you.(如果你在你喜欢的户外探险地点附近留下一个苹果核，一只鹿可能会过来决定帮你吃掉它)”可知，空前提到鹿可能会吃掉你留下的食物残渣，故A项“鹿可能会对这个发现感到高兴”承接前文，并与后文“However, feeding wildlife increases habituation.(然而，喂养野生动物会增加它们的习惯化)”构成转折关系。故选A项。 5．根据空前“Humans have systems in place for dealing with the quantity of organic food waste we produce.(人类有系统处理我们产生的大量有机食物残渣)”可知，前文提到人类有处理食物残渣的系统，故F项“另一方面，自然可能更难处理我们的垃圾”与人类系统形成对比，人类有处理食物残渣的系统，但自然很难处理我们的垃圾。故选F项。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题05 七选五 主题01 人与社会——社交与人际沟通 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二下·山东枣庄·期中） It's natural to compare yourself to others, and even envy them, if you hop on your social media for a few minutes. With just a few clicks, you’re flooded with many vacation photos, updates, and ads. 1 In this article, we’ll teach you how to avoid certain triggers (触发因素) so you can stop comparing yourself to others. Identify your triggers and avoid them. To stop comparing yourself to others, pay attention to the people or events that trigger your behavior. Do you feel dissatisfaction with your life after looking at high-end goods? 2 Write down your comparative thoughts as soon as they happen so you can limit your exposure to these situations. Appreciate others instead of envying them. 3 If you have friends who are highly achieving people, you might consider that their networks are full of people who might be able to help you become more successful in your life. Instead of envying their success, be supportive and use their success to your benefit. 4 Instead of focusing on your “weaknesses”, reflect on the areas you can improve. Take classes, workshops, or lessons to improve your skills, and don’t be afraid to ask other people for help along the way. By putting yourself first, you can promote your self-confidence and find your place and value. Talk to a trusted friend or family member. When you habitually compare yourself to others, you can feel even more inadequate or discouraged. Discuss your comparative behavior with a loved one to release any negative beliefs and help you process your emotions. 5 A．Work on improving your abilities. B．Try to build up your self-confidence. C．Consider the advantage that others can bring you. D．Do you always have a positive thought about yourself? E．Is there someone who always makes you feel bad about yourself? F．You might be quite astonished to hear they feel the same way as you. G．But it doesn't mean you have to “keep up” to live a content and meaningful life. Passage 2 （24-25高二下·山东潍坊·期中） Perhaps you are familiar with the following scene: you’re meeting up with a friend, excited to catch up on the week and looking forward to sharing your news. But before you can get a word in, your friend passes you something and excitedly announces, “Look what I’ve got!” All other topics of conversation fall away and you spend the whole time listening to detailed descriptions of his new phone. You should probably be feeling happy for him. 1 When a friend is completely occupied with a new possession, it’s common for you to feel ignored and left out. 2 Before, conversations might have circled around hobbies, shared plans, or what’s happening at school. Now, it might seem like everything centres around their expensive new high-tech device. It’s important to allow yourself to feel this way, but also to remember that this is a temporary situation. 3 And, although it might be upsetting to feel you’ve lost your friend’s attention for a while, the freshness will soon disappear. 4 Psychologist Catherine Hallissey explains, “Our brains are hardwired to seek out freshness-this means we desire new things. Sometimes, the urge is for the object itself and other times it’s for the respect from others.” Perhaps an even more discomforting feeling that arises with others’ good fortune is envy. 5 It’s a normal reaction, especially when social media encourages comparison with others. The key is to allow yourself to feel it but not let it drive your behavior and negatively impact your relationship. A．The new becomes old quickly. B．Anyway, friendship is of value to you. C．Why can the appeal of the new be powerful? D．Instead, a large number of uncomfortable feelings arise. E．It might feel like the focus of your friendship has shifted. F．Remember that feeling envious doesn’t make you a bad friend. G．Owning a particular product might boost someone’s self-image. 主题02 人与社会——文化与社会现象 Passage 1 （24-25高二下·山东师范大学附属中学·期中） How Star Wars Changed Movie-making Forever “May the force be with you!” If you are a Star Wars fan, then you have probably heard this phrase many times. 1 So many characters, devices, and phrases from the movie have become well-known. But you might be surprised to find out how much this movie has changed how movies are made. “A long time ago in a galaxy far, far away…” is how Star Wars begins. 2 In fact, it was quite old-fashioned. The story was typical science fiction with lots of drama, traditional characters and good battling evil, in space and in hand-to-hand fight. 3 People still talk about the light swords (剑) that could cut, burn and melt through most substances. Spaceships sped through space and landed on huge, realistic-looking space stations. 4 When Star Wars first came out in 1977, most movie theaters were stand-alone buildings, with just one movie screen. Using the money Star Wars had made for them, movie-theater owners built more theaters, leading to the multiplexes (多影厅影院) that are common today. Theaters needed more movies to show on all the additional movie screens and in all the new multiplexes. So new movie companies sprang up, including small ones creating experimental movies. This creative freedom allowed fresh approaches to emerge. 5 But, thanks to Star Wars, people got to see new types of movies. A．Its plot was not ground-breaking. B．Moviegoers had never seen anything like it. C．Some of the methods became popular and others failed. D．Thus, audience began to enjoy science fiction movies there. E．If you are not a fan, you are still likely familiar with these words. F．If you are a movie maker, you may be inspired by this classic film. G．It was the special effects that made Star Wars stand out from other movies. Passage 2 （24-25高二下·山东威海·期中） The less you spend, the more you save. It sounds simple in theory, but in practice, it’s much more complicated. Spending is built into our daily habits, which sometimes can get us addicted to buying stuff. 1 It’s kind of like a crash diet, but in a good way! What is a no-spend challenge? Despite the name, a no-spend challenge doesn’t mean you sit on your hands and spend no money at all. 2 The basic premise (前提) of a no-spend challenge is to cut out non-essential spending for a certain amount of time. It could be for a week, a month or even an entire year. What can you spend money on during a no-spend challenge? If you need to purchase something during your no-spend challenge, it should be something that’s necessary and you absolutely can’t do without. So groceries, yes. Candy bar in the checkout line, no. Also, no new iPhone, even if you’ve been dreaming about an upgrade. No new shoes, even if they’re on a huge sale. 3 Decide acceptable purchases. The goal of this challenge isn’t to make life harder on yourself by cutting out spending on essential expenses. The financial benefits of a no-spend challenge 4 You can use the extra money you normally would have spent to build up your emergency fund. Or you might want to put the money toward other financial goals, like saving for a new car or an upcoming vacation. While no-spend challenges are designed to be temporary, you can always extend your challenge. 5 A．It can even lead to overspending. B．Why not treat it as more of a lifestyle change? C．Sometimes the best way is to take a no-spend challenge. D．You’re spending because you’ve been programmed to do so. E．A no-spend challenge can be a boost to your financial situation. F．After all, there are some necessities you simply can’t do without. G．This is not the time to make excuses to buy stuff you don’t really need. 主题03 人与社会——科技与社会应用 Passage 1 （24-25高二下·山东部分学校·期中） So much of our daily life relates to the internet, from work to education and even talking with friends. The more online accounts and devices you have, the more internet dangers you will face. That’s why it’s more important to understand internet safety rules which protect you and your family from threats that may harm your data and devices. 1 Make sure you’re using a safe internet connection Although using public Wi-Fi is not recommended, it’s sometimes unavoidable when you are out. However, when you go online in a public place and use a public Wi-Fi connection, you have no direct control over its safety, which could leave you vulnerable (易受伤的) to cyberattacks. 2 . Choose strong passwords Passwords are one of the biggest weak spots when it comes to online safety. People often choose passwords that are easy to remember. 3 . In addition to this, using the same password for various sites puts your data at further risk. If hackers (黑客) get your identification from one site, they can probably access other websites which use the same login details. 4 Developers are often working to make products safe, monitoring the latest threats and rolling out security patches (安全补丁) in case of weaknesses in their software. By using the updated operating systems and apps, you will benefit from the latest security patches. This is especially important for apps that include payment, health or other personal information about a user. Be careful of uncertain links and where you click 5 . That’s why it’s important to browse carefully and avoid certain types of online content—such as links from untrusted sources. If you receive an email that you’re not sure about, avoid clicking on any links in it. In fact, it’s best to avoid opening untrusted emails at all. A．Be careful of what and where you post B．Keep software and operating systems updated C．Read on to find out about the ways to stay safe online D．A careless click can give out your personal data online E．But some of those sites may have poor data protection policies F．Therefore, it’s easy for hackers to break into your system G．So, if necessary, avoid carrying out personal businesses that use private data 主题04 人与自我——自我成长与能力培养 Passage 1 （24-25高二下·临沂市河东区、费县联考·期中） How to build patience abilities What’s the purpose of building patience abilities? In a word, happiness. Better relationships, more success. 1 Effective ways are recommended to train ourselves to work with little pain and annoyance. Thus, when the big ones come, we will have developed the patience we need for hard times. Understand the addictive nature of anger and impatience. We, human beings, are still constructed with our old reptilian (爬行动物的) brain that protects our physical and emotional survival. The urge to protect ourselves and what we consider valuable is absolutely habit-forming. So the first step in growing patience is to get in touch with the addictive quality of the opposite of patience — anger, impatience, blame and shame. 2 Upgrade our attitude towards discomfort and pain. Pain has its purposes and pushes us to find solutions — we try to change the other person, situation or thing that we think is causing our discomfort. But the problem is that it is not the outside thing that’s the source of our pain, but how our mind is set. 3 Pay attention when the impatience or pain starts. Most of us don’t really realize it when we are feeling even the smallest — but very present — painful feelings. 4 But to really care for ourselves, get curious about what’s actually happening in the moment inside you. Focusing on what’s actually happening, you can notice the worry of not wanting what’s happening, the resistance. 5 When you find yourself impatient, or angry with yourself, you can remind yourself that you are growing. You can say to yourself, “It’s true. I don’t like this; this is uncomfortable, but I can tolerate it.” A．So the solution to pain is an inside job. B．Patience abilities benefit you in many ways. C．We all have them, and we can grow beyond them. D．Talk to yourself like you’d cheer up your best friend. E．But indeed it takes efforts to build them successfully. F．Learn to forgive yourself for being impatient in hard times. G．We ignore the fact that we’re in pain and focus completely on fixing the problem. 主题05 人与自我——生活方式与心态调整 Passage 1 （24-25高二下·山东菏泽·期中） How not to be bored when you have to wait I travel a lot. On the open road are always interesting people and new places. 1 It is the constant waiting. When I travel, I wait to board the plane, wait in restaurants, wait to check into hotels, and wait on and on. For years, I have tried to design my life in such a way to lower how much time I have to spend waiting: I ask for the check as soon as the server brings me my lunch; I have all the subscriptions (订阅) that help to streamline one’s passage through the airport; 2 No doubt my waiting time is a smaller part of what it used to be. But recently, I have realized that my strategy helps just a little, just for a while. Despite many improvements, I’m not any less troubled by the waiting I still have to endure. Another waiting strategy most people have turned to of late is distraction by electronic devices. You might think that this solution must work. 3 The root problem with waiting for something we want is that it produces two conditions that humans hate: boredom and lack of autonomy (独立自主). One way of understanding boredom is that it’s a state in which you fail to find meaning. Standing in line, knowing that you’re doing so to get or do something but are being forced to spend the time unproductively, is what feels meaningless. 4 It means that your behavior can’t change the situation at hand. Think of the last time you waited at an airport for a long-delayed flight, and the annoyance that came from not being able to do anything about it except wait. The best way to lower the misery of waiting, then, turns out to be not to change the world but to change oneself to live better in a world of waiting. 5 Most of us go about our days feeling dissatisfied with the world, because it is failing in some way to conform (符合) to our preferences and convenience. To do so is like canoeing down a river and railing against the winding course it takes. Why not simply follow those bends as best we can? A．In fact, it might not work at all. B．We want to be in control of our lives. C．Waiting also lowers your sense of autonomy. D．But there is one thing about travel that annoys me. E．I choose hotels that have self-service check-in facilities. F．It leads us to think about the root problem with waiting. G．That insight can apply not just to waiting but to life itself. Passage 2 （24-25高二下·山东省实验中学·期中） The Impact of Social Media on Teenagers’ Mental Health In today’s digital age, social media has become an inseparable part of teenagers’ lives. 1 This essay argues that while social media has certain benefits, its negative impacts on teenagers’ psychological well-being outweigh the positives. Firstly, social media fosters (助长) a culture of comparison and insecurity. Platforms like Instagram and TikTok are filled with carefully selected images of “perfect” lives, leading many teenagers to feel inferior to them. Studies show that too much exposure to idealized lifestyles can cause anxiety, low self-esteem, and body image issues. For instance, a 2022 survey by the American Psychological Association revealed that 60% of teens feel pressured to meet unrealistic beauty standards online. 2 Secondly, social media addiction ruins real-life interactions and sleep patterns. Many teenagers spend hours going through feeds (推文), sacrificing face-to-face communication and physical activities. The dopamine (多巴胺) — driven design of apps like Snap-chat encourages addictive use, often resulting in loneliness and poor academic performance. 3 Lack of sleep, linked to platforms’ “always-on”culture, worsens mood instability and depression among adolescents. 4 Parents and schools should educate teenagers about digital awareness, emphasizing critical thinking and time management. Platforms themselves must prioritize user well-being by limiting addictive features and promoting authentic content. In conclusion, while social media connects people globally, its risks to teenagers’ mental health cannot be ignored. 5 A．To reduce these harms, balanced usage is significant. B．However, it is important to acknowledge social media’s positive aspects. C．While it offers connection, its effects on mental health remain a heated topic. D．Besides, late-night screen time affects sleep, which is crucial for mood control. E．Moreover, teenagers can enhance their academic performance through social media. F．This constant comparison creates a harmful cycle of self-doubt and emotional suffering. G．By fostering awareness and encouraging mindful usage, society can help the young employing technology’s benefits without sacrificing their emotional well-being. 主题06 人与自我——自我认知与情绪管理 Passage 1 （24-25高二下·山东济宁·期中） Many think that language is what sets humans apart from other animals, and that for us to think, language is an essential precondition. Bertrand Russell, a British philosopher, even claimed that no intelligent thinking can take place without language. 1 It found that language and thought are two distinct entities (实体), working in separate parts of the brain. They are, in short, far more independent than we imagined. The researchers explored the language-thought relationship through two research approaches. 2 They asked these people to solve math problems or perform social reasoning tests as long as the instructions were non-verbal. However, all the subjects could still complete complex tasks. The researchers also used brain-imaging tools to study the brains of healthy volunteers as they performed non-verbal tasks, like solving puzzles and planning. It was found that the brain’s language regions were mostly inactive during such activities. 3 So, if language isn’t necessary for thinking, then why did humans develop it? Fedorenko, one of the study’s authors, has found the answer. 4 Most things we have learned about the world are through language. By being able to share complex information through language, humans have gained an evolutionary advantage in the world. 5 For example, the English sentence “he rang the doorbell” is usually phrased as “the doorbell rang” in Japanese. As a result, English speakers are more likely to focus on the person responsible for the action than Japanese speakers, according to Psychology Today. A．In other words, we can think without words. B．How does language influence our daily decisions? C．Language serves mainly as a tool for communication. D．However, a recent study in Nature suggests otherwise. E．First, they studied patients suffering from language loss. F．Human culture is the foundation on which all knowledge is built. G．While language doesn’t generate thoughts, it can influence how we think. 主题07 人与自然——自然保护与生态维护 Passage 1 （24-25高二下·山东日照·期中） How Natural Smells Affect Well-being Spending time in nature benefits our well-being by improving emotions, reducing stress, and enhancing physical health. However, most previous research focused on visual experiences, neglecting the role of smell. 1 Plants release volatile organic compounds (VOCs), chemicals that serve ecological roles like attracting insects. 2 A team of scientists, led by Gregory Bratman from the University of Washington suggests these compounds might secretly boost human health. 3 Some plant VOCs are not enough to cause a response. For example, forest fragrance (香气) may calm nerves even if we don’t notice them. Such hidden mechanisms (机制) could secretly affect mood or stress levels, though scientists are still figuring out their full impact. Other smells are perceived consciously, yet their health effects vary. Pleasant smells, like flowers, often have universal appeal, while others arouse personal or cultural memories. For instance, pine might remind one of childhood hikes, whereas urban pollution could cause discomfort. 4 Human activities, like pollution and habitat destruction, change nature’s smell profile. 5 Protecting fragrant ecosystems, they argue, could preserve not just biodiversity but also human health. A．Natural smells may influence us unconsciously. B．Yet their impact on people is barely understood. C．Nature’s smell-based impacts come through different routes. D．Scientists confirm plant VOCs can directly reduce our stress. E．New research aims to uncover how smells from nature improve health. F．Understanding these differences is key to employing nature’s smell power. G．The researchers urge to explore how losing these natural smells harms well-being. 主题01 人与社会——社交与人际沟通 Passage 1 （24-25高二下·山东菏泽·期中） How to take — and give — criticism well We all love to criticize. Unfortunately, we also hate being criticized. We post and comment on others with abandon, but feel angry at the way others assess us, both online and in person. The world seems unlikely to change anytime soon. 1 , in ways that will make us less likely to feel offended (冒犯) and harm others, and better able to benefit from criticism. ● It’s not personal. When we receive criticism, we make it personal in two ways. First, we may naturally analyze the critic rather than the criticism. Second, we tend to consider the criticism a judgment on our inner abilities, rather than on our performance. The solution is to set up an internal affirmation (肯定) such as: “I don’t care what this criticism says about the person giving it, and I choose not to see it as a personal attack on me. 2 — nothing more, nothing less.” ● Treat criticism like insider information. Once you depersonalize criticism in this way, you can start to see it for what it is: a rare glimpse into what outsiders think about your performance. 3 . If this doesn’t come easily to you, one way to develop the courage to do so is to ask friends whom you like and trust to form a critics’ circle, reviewing one another’s work and giving honest suggestions. ● Make criticism a gift, never a weapon. We all have to give criticism from time to time. The key to criticizing to the best effect is to remember the gift / weapon rule: 4 ; if I am doing it to harm, I am doing it wrong. To keep criticism in the first category, research tells us that it should have five elements: the care of the recipient (接受者) in mind, respectful delivery, good intentions, a pathway to improvement, and an appropriate target of the recipient’s needs. ● 5 . Scholars writing in 2014 showed that positive feedback given to students in public was 9 percent more motivating than when given privately, while negative feedback in private was 11 percent more motivating than in public. So what does that mean for your rude online reviews? Send them to the blogger directly, if you dare. Or better yet, don’t send them at all - unless you truly intend them to be helpful. A．Criticism is a gift to a wise person B．Praise in public, and criticize in private C．Sometimes praise, and sometimes criticize D．If I am criticizing to help, I am doing it right E．I will assess it on its face about the matter at hand F．However, each of us can change how we take and give criticism G．This provides a potential opportunity to correct course and improve Passage 2 （24-25高二下·山东部分学校联考·期中） The digital divide is shrinking (缩小) as older generations embrace social media. According to data from earlier this year, more than 70% of Australians aged 65 and older use social media to some degree. 1 . Our research indicates older adults also use them to share memories, participate in community groups and access news. 2 . Research shows many older users are motivated by the desire to stay connected with their families, particularly grandchildren, who often share their lives through social media. For others, the need to stay connected in challenging times accelerates the adoption of digital tools, making social media an essential way to maintain relationships. 3 . By viewing photos, videos and updates, they can remain engaged with their loved ones’ lives, no matter the physical distance. Despite its benefits, social media is not without challenges for older adults. For some, exploring the complex interface (界面) of platforms can make people feel less confident. The research shows half of older adults feel anxious about using communication technologies, with older women experiencing more anxiety than older men. 4 . Additionally, while social media facilitates connection, it cannot replace the depth of face-to-face interactions. Social media can keep older adults connected and its potential should be fully developed. 5 . As the world becomes increasingly digital, empowering older adults to engage meaningfully with social media will ensure they remain not only connected but also active participants in a rapidly evolving social landscape. A．Surprisingly, a large number of users are older people B．This growing trend is driven by both internal and outside factors C．Social media provides older adults with a virtual seat in the family lives D．So addressing barriers such as digital skills and online safety is crucial E．The virtual community is an inclusive space where members share experiences F．Some platforms serve as a gateway to reconnect with family and long-lost friends G．Issues like privacy concerns and misinformation can also create barriers to the engagement 主题02 人与社会——文化与社会现象 Passage 1 （24-25高二下·山东省实验中学·期中） Walk through any park or glance in a café window, and you’ll see many people staring at screens. Some might be studying, while others seem hard at work. 1 They will either check updates about celebrities or edit photos, post them to gain followers and count views and comments. It’s no secret that celebrities edit their images before posting. Some go to extreme lengths, making their eyes bigger, their nose smaller and their teeth whiter. It’s so easy for you to get caught up in a whirlwind (旋风) of comparison as you stare at a seemingly perfect figure. 2 No matter how many views or likes you have, if you get trapped in a competitive mindset, it can turn into a bottomless pit because there will always be someone who has received more positive responses. 3 Even if it seems the rest of the world isn’t showing their true selves, you can be different. Make your social media channels a reflection of who you are and what you believe in. Share your real, kind voice with the rest of the world, just as you do at home and with friends. While maintaining your social contact online, give time and attention to people doing inspiring things, spreading uplifting messages and sharing beautiful ideas. 4 If social media makes you full of self-doubt, pause and step away. You could try doing something creative, maybe writing in a diary, drawing in a sketchbook or painting a picture that will give your mind a different focus. 5 They will remind you there is a wonderful off-screen world in difference. A．Try to be authentic. B．Fit yourself into social media. C．You could also think of fun times spent with net friends. D．Even better, try spending time with your family or friends. E．However, most of them will be found going through social media. F．If someone’s posts make you feel bad about yourself, click unfollow or hide. G．One minute you feel great about yourself, the next you question your appearance. 主题03 人与社会——科技与社会应用 Passage 1 （24-25高二下·山东泰安·期中） AI is having a moment. The media are full of it. Disadvantages abound (有很多), but there’s also a brighter side to AI, because it holds out some practical promise in tackling a number of stubborn challenges. 1 . Monitor the forests The rainforests of South America may be under threat, but they’ re still vast and remote enough to make monitoring them a real challenge. Satellite monitoring brings a host of benefits such as wide-area coverage and real-time data collection. 2 . It has high costs and easily affected by bad weather which can make the data inaccurate. Drones (无人机), equipped with advanced cameras and motion sensors, can fly almost silently through the trees, spotting the slightest sign of illegal logging (伐木) or other activities. 3 . And it can give immediate responses to potential threats. Protect wild animals Some of the world’s most precious and endangered species are, by definition, the most elusive (难以发现的), as are many of the hidden threats facing them. 4 . It is helping identify and track individual creatures in remote environments, from the snow leopards to whales and dolphins, giving vital information for conservation strategies. In Uganda and South Africa, wildlife guardians are using a combination of drone cameras and AI tools to anticipate the movements of illegal hunters trying to kill rhinos or elephants, allowing the guardians to move quickly before the deadly shots are fired. 5 AI can scan vast amounts of data from diverse sources, compare and analyze them, and present an adapted result to the screen of a basic smartphone in seconds. And one of the benefits of the ability is to provide low-income farmer with detailed advice that would previously have been far out of their reach. A．Offer help to farmers B．It also has some limitations. C．AI can help track down both. D．Analyze the data from drones. E．There are also other benefits. F．AI is here to help in different ways. G．AI is able to analyze their findings within seconds. 主题04 人与自我——生活方式与心态调整 Passage 1 （24-25高二下·山东青岛·期中） Collapsed on the sofa, eyes half-closed, one part of your brain screams that you should be sleeping, but the other is whispering just one more episode, one more level on that game. 1 As defined by researchers Kroese, it is the habit of needlessly and voluntarily delaying going to bed, despite foreseeably being worse off as a result. Why do we keep stuck in the cycle of bedtime procrastination (拖延)? The answer, it turns out, is a mix of digital distractions and our own psychological tendencies. 2 Besides, when we’re dealing with negative emotions, it’s appealing to drown them out with some entertainment until we’re too tired to feel anything. How can we break the bad cycle and get back our good night’s sleep? Here are some practical strategies. Establish a consistent bedtime routine. Think back to your childhood. Many of us had bedtime routines that included a set sleep time, a story, or perhaps a bedtime song. As adults, we can benefit from the same consistency. 3 Manage digital distractions. 4 They entertain, educate, and connect us, but they also distract and keep us awake. Try to make special tech-free times or zones in the bedroom. Use apps or tools that limit screen time or switch your device to nighttime mode to reduce blue light exposure. 5 When those negative emotions keep us up, we need to address them directly. Relaxation exercises, such as deep breathing, yoga, or meditation, can help calm our minds and prepare us for sleep. Above all, breaking the cycle of bedtime procrastination won’t happen overnight, but every effort you make, every new habit you form, is a step in the right direction. A．Our smart devices are double-edged swords. B．So what exactly is this bedtime procrastination? C．Identify the causes of it and start making changes. D．Master stress and anxiety management techniques. E．We can set a regular sleep schedule and try to stick to it. F．As life goes tech-driven, we spend more time on screens. G．What distracts us when we’re supposed to be concentrating? Passage 2 （24-25高二下·山东名校考试联盟·期中） I used to always boast my busyness as some big achievements. Deadlines at school, social commitments, my own personal projects — they all equaled to being “productive.” Yet, a burnout weekend with achieving nothing, came the wake-up call: I wasn’t living any more, only surviving. 1 Its essence lies in presence, intention, and appreciation for the small things. And I believe we could all use a little more of it in our fast-paced world. Slow living is not doing less out of laziness. 2 It’s taking back our time and attention from the non-stop hurry of contemporary life, emphasizing quality over quantity gives life depth. Consider food: instead of rushing through them, we savor each bite, appreciating the effort behind food. 3 This isn’t wrong since not everybody can cut working hours or work extra holiday hours. But slow living isn’t about grand gestures; it’s about small, intentional choices. Put your phone away during dinner. Dedicate 10 minutes daily to journaling instead of scrolling social media. These habits fit even the busiest schedules. I’ve done it myself. I decreased my activities significantly this year, and I learned to say no to commitments that were not on my top list. I prepared more meals at home, enjoying the process as much as the product. And I devoted more time to staying outside. 4 Slow living offers advantages to human beings and natural environment alike. The highspeed life we are living today is often unsustainable. 5 If we adopt slow living, then we can change the world and create a better and cleaner world. In a word, slow living is revolutionary. It reminds us life isn’t about checking boxes but experiencing moments. As I’ve learned, true productivity lies not in busyness, but in living intentionally. A．It is doing what matters most. B．This sparked my embrace of slow living. C．The key to it is centering on essential tasks. D．Slow living is often misunderstood as inefficiency. E．These shifts reduced anxiety and enhanced energy. F．However, some critics consider slow living a luxury. G．The world needs 1.75 Earths to meet our consumption. 主题05 人与自我——自我成长与能力培养 Passage 1 （24-25高二下·山东烟台·期中） Curiosity, the driving force behind innovation, creativity, and personal growth, keeps us questioning the world around us, pushing us to seek out new knowledge and experiences. 1 It’s a skill that can be developed over time. Let’s explore ways to cultivate it. 2 It’s the belief that your abilities and intelligence can be developed through effort and learning. This outlook encourages you to ask questions, challenge your assumptions and welcome new perspectives. Instead of viewing failure as a reflection of your limitations, you see it as a stepping stone to greater understanding and improvement. From childhood, we are naturally curious, constantly asking “why” and “how” as we try to make sense of the world around us. 3 To refuel your sense of curiosity, start asking more questions in your daily life — whether in conversations, while reading, or during work-related tasks. Curiosity is often activated when we expose ourselves to new experiences and unfamiliar environments. 4 By stepping outside of your routine, you invite new ideas and new opportunities for growth. Whether it’s traveling to a new country, learning a new language, or trying out a new hobby, these experiences stimulate your brain, keeping it engaged and curious. At times, we miss out on opportunities for growth by assuming we know everything or by being closed off to other ideas. 5 If you value different insights, whether from peers or critics, you can reflect on how their viewpoints can contribute to your growth. A．Learning is beyond formal education. B．But curiosity isn’t just a natural quality. C．The human brain is wired to respond to novelty. D．As we grow older, this tendency to question often lessens. E．It’s sensible to adapt to your comfort zone and stay humble. F．One important step to boosting curiosity is adopting a growth mindset. G．Curiosity involves a willingness to learn from others and remain open to feedback. Passage 2 （24-25高二下·山东淄博·期中） You have to make a speech. You have done your research and now have plenty of ideas bouncing around in your head that you want to get across. The big question you face at this point is how to organize those thoughts. 1 You need to brainstorm some supporting ideas and then figure out how those ideas fit together. These are just two cases that many people deal with frequently. Some use outlining to flesh out and organize their ideas, but is that the best strategy? 2 3 This two-dimensional structure is designed to help you remember information because its format is easy for your mind to remember. More than 250 million people worldwide use them, so why don’t you have a try and see what they are all about? What is a mind map? Simply put, it is one’s ideas put into the form of a visual diagram that starts with a central idea. Put this idea in a bubble in the middle of a page with lines radiating out to other bubbles that contain related themes or concepts. 4 Use words, short phrases or images to express your ideas. And use color-coded bubbles for a visual representation of each branch’s connection. Studies have shown that this technique of using pictures, colors and visual arrangement has improved people’s recall and memory of information by 10 to 15 percent. 5 Creativity is aroused because of the spatial arrangement, enabling people to make more links and associations on topics of any kind. Additionally, it increases one’s productivity because mind mapping makes it easier to learn faster. So whether you’re in charge of a project or writing a research paper, make this technique a core part of your planning process! A．But it doesn’t stop there. B．It should look like a many-legged spider. C．This is a common problem that many people face. D．It has proven to increase not only productivity and creativity but also memory. E．Or perhaps you are planning to write a paper, and all you have is the main topic. F．If everyone thought in a linear manner, then the answer would be yes, but most people don’t. G．Enter mind mapping, a technique that shows how different ideas and facts relate to one another. 主题06 人与自然——自然与生活融合 Passage 1 （24-25高二下·山东临沂·期中） If you’re a hiker or outdoor person, you know how important it can be to bring a snack with you on a long outdoor adventure. 1 But when you’re done with your apple, you can just throw the core away, right? While your banana skin or apple core will degrade when exposed to nature, it is not necessarily safe for the environment for you to do so. Here’s why. 2 If you’ve ever had a compost heap (堆肥堆), you know that when you throw something in the compost, it takes some time to biodegrade and turn into rich, dark soil. Compost heaps are often the most ideal places for this organic matter to break down. 3 Next, leaving food waste could harm wildlife. If you leave an apple core near your favorite outdoor adventure spot, a deer may come along and decide to finish eating it for you. 4 However, feeding wildlife increases habituation. If an animal becomes habituated to finding apple cores along roadsides, for example, it increases the likelihood that it will be hurt or killed by passing traffic. Ultimately, the best practice when experiencing nature is to pack out everything that you pack in, even biodegradable food waste. Humans have systems in place for dealing with the quantity of organic food waste we produce. 5 A．The deer may be happy with the find. B．Do remember to bring your favorite snack. C．First, food waste might not degrade quickly. D．Finally, this might attract a group of wild deer. E．The ground near your favorite local hiking path is not. F．Nature, on the other hand, may have a harder time dealing with our waste. G．A banana, apple, or some other snack can make all the difference to how far you can go. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $