专题04 阅读理解（议论文、新闻报道）（期中真题汇编，山东专用）高一英语下学期

专题04 阅读理解（议论文、新闻报道） 主题01 人与社会——历史、文化与传统 Passage 1 （24-25学年高一下·山东济南·期中） Henan TV show explores the essence of Qingming culture Qingming is both a solar term and a traditional festival, marked by customs such as tomb-sweeping, spring outings, and offering blessings. It embodies the vitality of spring, the renewal of hope, and the cycle of life itself. Premiering tonight at 19:30 on Henan TV, 2025 Adventures on Qingming Festival offers a poetic interpretation of this timeless tradition. Featuring an exceptional lineup, the show will deliver a breathtaking audiovisual experience, guiding audiences through a threefold journey of life, memory, and nature — an emotional resonance that transcends time and space. Inspired by the “Three Phenological Signs of Qingming”, an ancient Chinese observation of seasonal transitions, the program weaves these natural changes into its narrative. Through a blend of modern and traditional performances, the festival’s cultural depth is reimagined in a cinematic and philosophical light. The dance performance A Dream of the Enchanted Melody unfolds in three chapters — Emergence, Rhythm, and Eternity — symbolizing the rebirth of spring and the journey of life. At its heart is a mythical, melodious bird, long dormant in Dunhuang murals, awakening to spring’s arrival. Dressed in flowing green, the dancers bridge ancient Buddhist wisdom with earthly renewal, embodying the revival of all living things. The untamed energy of spring, vividly captured by renowned author Shi Tiesheng, bursts to life in Cocoon-Break, a dynamic street dance showcase. Blending the rhythmic intensity of street dance with the precision of Wing Chun martial arts, the performance embodies the fusion of tradition and modernity, illustrating how the essence of Chinese culture thrives in the vitality of a new generation. A youthful, electrifying anthem, Sunflower sets the stage ablaze with pure energy. A teenage rock band, guided by teacher Gu Ya’s childlike sincerity and aunt Maizi’s free-spirited optimism, delivers a performance that blooms with courage and passion. Their music encourages all to embrace life with brightness, cherish everyday moments, and pursue dreams fearlessly. Blending creativity with dynamic visuals, Seeking Blossoms by the Riverside offers a play ful folk-style skit. Traditional-style blogger Chen Xiyue, appearing as a flower girl, and delivery boy Song Xiaoge step into history, offering flowers — and inspiration — to legendary artists. Through a lighthearted, playful narrative, the performance unveils the untold stories behind artistic masterpieces, celebrating the timeless lineage of Chinese art. The Chinese-style dance Roaming Youth provides an immersive glimpse into poet Bai Juyi’s reflective twilight years. Adapted in part from Looking for Him in the Crowd, an epic poetry and art drama, the performance balances lyrical grace with rhythmic strength. Against the backdrop of ancient tea rituals — roasting, storing, water selection, and brewing — young dancers bring Qingming’s tea culture to life. The performance opens with a dramatic narration by Xu Tao, a national first-class actor and renowned reciter, unfurling like a vivid scroll painting of spring’s renewal. 1．What can we know about the 2025 Adventures on Qingming Festival? A．It is going to be relayed by Henan TV at 19:30 on the day before Qingming. B．It is presented through a blend of modern and traditional singing. C．It intends to deliver a breathtaking and nice audiovisual savoring. D．It is inspired and edited by the “Three Phenological Signs of Qingming”. 2．What does the dance Cocoon-Break uniquely combines street dance with? A．Traditional tea ceremonies. B．Wing Chun martial arts. C．Legendary poetry recitals. D．Historical scroll paintings. 3．What does the phrase “timeless lineage of Chinese art” in Seeking Blossoms by the Riverside refers to? A．The preservation of artistic masterpieces across generations. B．The resounding and excellent modern adaptations of folk tales. C．The technical skills of young dancers who would act out it. D．The popularity and demand of flower-themed performances. 4．What is the primary purpose of Henan TV’s 2025 Adventures on Qingming Festival? A．To promote tourism and economy during spring outings. B．To unfurl like a vivid scroll painting of spring’s fall-down. C．To reinterpret Qingming culture through artistic innovation. D．To showcase competitive performances among competent artists. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．C 【导语】这是一篇新闻稿。河南卫视《2025 清明奇妙游》通过多元艺术表演，创新诠释清明文化，带来独特视听体验 。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段“Premiering tonight at 19:30 on Henan TV, 2025 Adventures on Qingming Festival offers a poetic interpretation of this timeless tradition. Featuring an exceptional lineup, the show will deliver a breathtaking audiovisual experience, guiding audiences through a threefold journey of life, memory, and nature—an emotional resonance that transcends time and space.(今晚 19:30 在河南卫视首播的《2025 清明奇妙游》对这一永恒的传统进行了诗意的诠释。该节目阵容强大，将带来令人惊叹的视听体验，引导观众踏上生命、记忆和自然的三重旅程 —— 一种跨越时空的情感共鸣)”可知，《2025 清明奇妙游》会提供令人惊叹且美妙的视听享受。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据第五段“Blending the rhythmic intensity of street dance with the precision of Wing Chun martial arts, the performance embodies the fusion of tradition and modernity, illustrating how the essence of Chinese culture thrives in the vitality of a new generation.(将街舞的节奏强度与咏春武术的精准度相结合，这场表演体现了传统与现代的融合，展示了中国文化的精髓如何在新一代的活力中蓬勃发展)”可知，舞蹈《破茧》将街舞与咏春武术独特地结合在一起。故选B项。 3．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Traditional-style blogger Chen Xiyue, appearing as a flower girl, and delivery boy Song Xiaoge step into history, offering flowers — and inspiration — to legendary artists. Through a lighthearted, playful narrative, the performance unveils the untold stories behind artistic masterpieces, celebrating the timeless lineage of Chinese art.(传统风格博主陈希悦扮成卖花女，外卖小哥宋小格走进历史，向传奇艺术家献花并给予灵感。通过轻松有趣的叙事，这场表演揭开了艺术杰作背后不为人知的故事，颂扬了中国艺术永恒的传承)”可知，该节目由年轻演员和艺术家共同演绎，这是艺术的传承。由此推知，“timeless lineage of Chinese art”指的是艺术杰作在几代人之间的传承。故选A项。 4．推理判断题。根据标题“Henan TV show explores the essence of Qingming culture(河南卫视节目探索清明文化的精髓)”以及第三段“Through a blend of modern and traditional performances,the festival’s cultural depth is reimagined in a cinematic and philosophical light.(通过现代和传统表演的融合，这个节日的文化深度在电影和哲学的视角下被重新想象)”可知，河南卫视《2025 清明奇妙游》的主要目的是通过艺术创新重新诠释清明文化。故选C项。 Passage 2 （24-25高一下·山东省济宁市第一中学·期中） Being a vegetarian (素食者) in a meat-eating culture isn’t always easy. I always get asked, “Why? Since when? How come?” and “How can you stand not eating meat?” For me, being a vegetarian isn’t strange; it’s just who and what I am. I’m sick and tired of people judging (评价) me based on a personal choice that has nothing to do with them. Honestly, I could understand if my decision had an influence on their lives, but the thing is it doesn’t, so they should just get over it. If anything, more people should be vegetarians. It’s a fact that a vegetarian has a lower risk of cancer, heart attacks, and high blood pressure. Being a vegetarian can help people live a longer life because they are eating healthily and not taking in the fat found in non-vegetarian diets. While all diets need to be balanced, it is possible to get protein, minerals and nutrients from vegetable sources. Vegetables, milk and eggs have all the requirements your body needs to survive. If you are creative, a vegetarian diet is far from boring. As vegetables come in various types and tastes, they can be prepared and eaten in countless ways. There are so many vegetarian cookbooks, which shows this is a fact. I find it funny when people say vegetarians do not get enough energy from their diet. My answer is to mention Dave Scott, the first person to win the IRONMAN World Championship six times! Yes, surprise, surprise, at the time he was a vegetarian. Vegetarianism is better for the planet because the ecological footprint of vegetarians is smaller. So next time you want to judge someone's personal choice to go veggie, remember they have their reasons, not the least of which are concerns for animals and the state of the planet. 1．How does the author feel about others’ opinions on his diet? A．Curious. B．Annoyed. C．Appreciative. D．Unconcerned. 2．What does paragraph 3 mainly tell us about a vegetarian diet? A．Its advantages. B．Its sources. C．Its varieties. D．Its popularity. 3．Why does the author mention Dave Scott in paragraph 5? A．To show what a vegetarian diet is like. B．To present a study on vegetarian diets. C．To suggest a vegetarian diet is healthy. D．To explore why some athletes are vegetarians. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．My Road to Becoming a Vegetarian B．Mistaken Beliefs about Vegetarianism C．Vegetarianism: A Common Phenomenon D．Vegetarianism: More Than a Personal Choice 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．D 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了作者坚持素食主义的原因及素食主义的好处。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段“For me, being a vegetarian isn’t strange; it’s just who and what I am. I’m sick and tired of people judging (评价) me based on a personal choice that has nothing to do with them. Honestly, I could understand if my decision had an influence on their lives, but the thing is it doesn’t, so they should just get over it.(对我来说，吃素并不奇怪；只是我是谁，我是什么。我厌倦了人们根据与他们无关的个人选择来评判我。说实话，如果我的决定影响了他们的生活，我能理解，但事实是没有，所以他们应该忘掉这件事)”可知，作者厌倦了人们根据与他们无关的个人选择来评判自己，由此可推知，作者对别人的看法感到不满和生气。故选B。 2．主旨大意题。根据第三段内容，尤其是“It’s a fact that a vegetarian has a lower risk of cancer, heart attacks, and high blood pressure. Being a vegetarian can help people live a longer life because they are eating healthily and not taking in the fat found in non-vegetarian diets.(事实上，素食者患癌症、心脏病和高血压的风险较低。成为素食者可以帮助人们活得更久，因为他们吃得健康，不会摄入非素食者饮食中的脂肪)”可知，本段主要描述了素食饮食对健康的益处。因此，这段主要讲述了素食饮食的优点。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据第五段“I find it funny when people say vegetarians do not get enough energy from their diet. My answer is to mention Dave Scott, the first person to win the IRONMAN World Championship six times! Yes, surprise, surprise, at the time he was a vegetarian.(当人们说素食者不能从饮食中获得足够的能量时，我觉得很有趣。我的回答是提到Dave Scott，他是第一个六次赢得铁人世界锦标赛的人！是的，惊喜，惊喜，那时候他还是个素食主义者)”可知，本段提到Dave Scott是为了举例说明素食者可以在体能和健康方面也表现优异，从而支持素食健康这一观点。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合最后一段“Vegetarianism is better for the planet because the ecological footprint of vegetarians is smaller. So next time you want to judge someone's personal choice to go veggie, remember they have their reasons, not the least of which are concerns for animals and the state of the planet.(素食对地球更好，因为素食者的生态足迹更小。所以，下次你想评判某人选择素食的个人选择时，请记住他们有他们的理由，其中最重要的是对动物和地球状况的关注)”可知，文章不仅强调素食和个人选择，还涉及健康、生态和动物保护，因此标题应体现其超越个人选择的层面，D项“素食主义：不仅仅是个人选择”最适合作为标题。故选D。 主题02 人与社会——科技与社会影响 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·山东枣庄·期中） AI image generation seems to be everywhere: on TikTok, the popular AI filter (滤镜) shows you what you look like in the cartoon style. There’s no denying that they’re fun. While there’s an initial excitement at seeing an image appear, there’s no creative satisfaction. Children’s illustrators (插画师) were quick to raise concerns about the technology on social media. Among them is illustrator Rob Biddulph. Biddulph says, “AI-generated art is the exact opposite of what I believe art to be. Basically, I have always felt that art is all about translating something that you feel innernally into something that exists externally. True art is about the creative process much more than the final piece. And simply pressing a button to generate an image is not a creative process.” Beyond creativity, there are deeper issues. To create images, AI generators rely on databases of already existing art and text. Illustrator Anoosha Syed says, “AI can only copy. AI doesn’t create its own. It samples everyone’s and then mashes it into something else. This is essentially what AI art is doing.” The blurring (模糊) of creative boundaries is leaving many artists raging against the AI art generators. What’s more, there’s a more underlying danger: the ability to create images that are potentially illegal. The increasing use of AI, says illustrator Dapo Adeola, will also lead to a devaluing of the work of artists. “For me,” he says, “there’s already a negative bias (偏见) towards the creative industry. Something like this strengthens an argument that what we do is easy and we shouldn’t be able to earn the money we command.” The influences of AI image generation are far-reaching and could impact everything from films to graphic novels and more, but artists and illustrators firmly believe their fans won't be convinced by AI art. “Children’s books are highly complex, various forms of communication,” says illustrator Harry Woodgate. “The kids who read them expect a great deal, not only from the stories and illustrations, but from the people who make them.” 1．What is Rob Biddulph’s opinion of AI image generation? A．It can translate something external. B．It showcases a process of creativity. C．It focuses more on the final work. D．It can’t create its works but copy. 2．What does the underlined word “raging” mean in Paragraph 4? A．Angry. B．Confused. C．Serious. D．Excited. 3．Which of the following does Dapo Adeola agree with? A．AI image generation is potentially illegal. B．AI art has a significant effect on creativity. C．Artistic work lacks complexity and challenge. D．The popularity of AI reduces the value of the works. 4．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．Artists and kids rarely communicate. B．AI images have no effect on kids’ books. C．Children expect AI images from books. D．Artists doubt if AI images satisfy their fans. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了人工智能图像生成存在的问题及带来的影响。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“True art is about the creative process much more than the final piece. And simply pressing a button to generate an image is not a creative process.(真正的艺术更多的是关于创作过程，而不是最终的作品。而简单地按下一个按钮来生成图像并不是一个创作过程)”可知，Rob Biddulph认为AI图像生成只是简单地按下一个按钮来生成图像，它更关注最终的作品而不是创作过程。故选C。 2．词句猜测题。根据划线所在句子的前文“Beyond creativity, there are deeper issues. To create images, AI generators rely on databases of already existing art and text. Illustrator Anoosha Syed says, “AI can only copy. AI doesn’t create its own. It samples everyone’s and then mashes it into something else. This is essentially what AI art is doing.”(除了创造力方面的问题，还有更深层次的问题。为了生成图像，人工智能生成器依赖于已有的艺术作品和文本数据库。插画家阿努沙·赛义德说：“人工智能只能复制。人工智能无法自行创作。它采集所有人的（作品元素），然后将它们拼凑成别的东西。这本质上就是人工智能艺术正在做的事情。”)” 以及后文 “What’s more, there’s a more underlying danger: the ability to create images that are potentially illegal.(此外，还有一个更为隐蔽的危险：即人工智能具备生成可能涉及违法的图像的能力)”可知，人工智能图像生成存在诸多问题，所以这种对创作界限的模糊使得很多艺术家对人工智能艺术生成器很生气。故划线词意思是“生气的”。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“The increasing use of AI, say’s illustrator Dapo Adeola, will also lead to a devaluing of the work of artists.(插画家Dapo Adeola表示，AI的日益使用也将导致艺术家作品的贬值)”可知，Dapo Adeola同意AI的流行降低了作品的价值。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The influences of AI image generation are far-reaching and could impact everything from films to graphic novels and more, but artists and illustrators firmly believe their fans won’t be convinced by AI art. “Children’s books are highly complex, various forms of communication,” says illustrator Harry Woodgate. “The kids who read them expect a great deal, not only from the stories and illustrations, but from the people who make them.”(AI图像生成的影响是深远的，可能会影响从电影到图像小说等方方面面，但艺术家和插画家坚信他们的粉丝不会被AI艺术所说服。插画家Harry Woodgate说：“儿童读物是非常复杂的，是各种交流形式的结合。读这些书的孩子期望很高，不仅对故事和插图，而且对创作这些书的人也是如此。”)”可推知，艺术家们怀疑AI图像是否能满足他们的粉丝。故选D。 主题03 人与社会——社会公益与互助 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·山东聊城·期中） Cao Heyuan from Xiangcheng High-tech Zone in Suzhou City has raised 30 tonnes of supplies donated by local enterprises to support relief efforts in Dingri County in the city of Xigaze, southwest China’s Xizang Autonomous Region, which was struck by a magnitude 6.8 earthquake on January 7. On the evening of January 8, Cao oversaw the loading of the supplies onto vehicles at a wholesale market in Chengguan District, Lhasa. In an interview, she appeared to be slightly breathless due to high altitude sickness. “I heard the news of the earthquake yesterday morning while on a business trip. Such emergencies require assistance from those familiar with the situation, so I immediately contacted Wang Shunli, a friend who regularly assists communities in Xizang, and then we contacted businesses in Suzhou and raised 400,000 yuan in donations,” she explained. The supplies included barley flour, tsamba (the most popular food in Xizang), heaters, pressure cookers, cotton quilts, and coats. Cao said that the current local temperature is around minus 20 degrees Celsius, and it’s also difficult to start fires on the plateau. Therefore, the purchased (购买) items needed to be practical and useful. Cao also mentioned that the wholesale market was packed with vehicles from all over the country. Several Lhasa students, who had previously received support from Wang, also volunteered to help load the supplies. 1．Why did Cao Heyuan choose to purchase the specific supplies mentioned in the passage? A．Because they are easy to transport. B．Because they are suitable for the disaster area. C．Because they are easy to collect in Suzhou. D．Because they are the most popular local items. 2．What can we infer from the passage? A．Wang Shunli regularly works and lives in a community in Xizang. B．The earthquake didn’t cause much damage. C．People from all over the country cared about the affected area. D．Students from all over the country volunteered to help. 3．Where is this article most likely from? A．A news website. B．A geography magazine. C．A travel guidebook. D．A scientific research journal. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲述了来自苏州相城高新区的曹和源为西藏日喀则定日县地震灾区筹集 30 吨物资的事情，包括物资筹集过程、物资种类以及现场情况等 1．细节理解题。根据第四段“Cao said that the current local temperature is around minus 20 degrees Celsius, and it’ s also difficult to start fires on the plateau. Therefore, the purchased (购买) items needed to be practical and useful.(曹说目前当地气温在零下 20 摄氏度左右，而且在高原上生火也很困难。因此，购买的物品需要实用)” 可知，曹和源选择这些特定物资是因为它们适合灾区。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据第五段“Cao also mentioned that the wholesale market was packed with vehicles from all over the country.(曹还提到批发市场挤满了来自全国各地的车辆)” 可推知来自全国各地的人们关心受灾地区。故选C。 3．推理判断题。主要讲述了来自苏州相城高新区的曹和源为西藏日喀则定日县地震灾区筹集 30 吨物资的事情，包括物资筹集过程、物资种类以及现场情况等。属于实时报道，符合新闻网站的特点。故选A。 主题04 人与自我——生活与学习 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·山东德州·期中） In the movie Love, Actually, Hugh Grant’s character shares how the arrivals gate at Heathrow airport lifts his mood. The scene shows people hugging, laughing, and reuniting—a perfect example of how physical touch, like holding hands or a warm hug, connects us. Science proves these simple acts do more than spread joy; they also improve mental and physical health. Strong evidence links physical touch to better health. A large analysis of 212 studies (with over 13,000 people) looked at the effects of touch, such as massage therapy (按摩疗法) or gentle hugs. These studies spanned a wide range of populations, including infants, adults, and the elderly, and examined the effects of touch on various health outcomes. The results were clear: touch helps people sleep better, lowers blood pressure, and reduces tiredness. For example, a study found that holding hands or a comforting pat on the back reduced stress chemicals, making people feel calmer. Touch is especially helpful for reducing pain, sadness, and worry. Hospitals use massage therapy to significantly improve patient outcomes. Patients who received relaxing touch or massages felt less pain and anxiety. Cancer patients reported less pain and better moods after massages. Elderly people in care homes who were given gentle touch also felt less lonely and more connected to others. Researchers think touch works by releasing oxytocin, a hormone that helps people bond and reduces stress. Touch also activates the body’s natural relaxation system, which helps recover from stress. In a world filled with technology, human touch remains irreplaceable. A hug, a pat, or a kind gesture reminds us of our shared humanity. Next time you see people hugging at an airport, remember: these small acts aren’t just heartwarming — they’re scientifically proven to heal both body and mind. 1．Why does the author mention Grant’s sharing in the first paragraph? A．To criticize some airport services. B．To provide a real-life example. C．To raise public awareness of health. D．To discuss airport security rules. 2．What may happen to a patient receiving massages? A．Feeling refreshed. B．Improving creativity. C．Boosting memory. D．Becoming confident. 3．How might hospitals apply this research? A．Help the patients do sports. B．Replace drug therapy for cancer. C．Train staff in touch therapy. D．Lower the treatment expenses. 4．What is the main idea of the passage? A．Movies inspire scientific discovery. B．Touch therapy is gaining popularity. C．Massages can cure serious diseases. D．Physical touch enhances well-being. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要阐述了身体接触对身心健康有益这一观点。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“The scene shows people hugging, laughing, and reuniting — a perfect example of how physical touch, like holding hands or a warm hug, connects us.(这个场景展示了人们拥抱、欢笑和团聚——这是身体接触，如牵手或温暖拥抱，如何将我们联系在一起的完美例子)” 可知，作者提及格兰特在电影中的分享，是为了提供一个现实生活中的例子，引出身体接触对人有积极影响这一话题。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“The results were clear: touch helps people sleep better, lowers blood pressure, and reduces tiredness.(结果很明显：触摸有助于人们睡得更好，降低血压，减少疲劳)”以及第三段 “Patients who received relaxing touch or massages felt less pain and anxiety.(接受放松式触摸或按摩的患者感受到的疼痛和焦虑有所减轻)” 可推知，接受按摩的病人可能会感觉精神焕发。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段“Hospitals use massage therapy to significantly improve patient outcomes.（医院使用按摩疗法来显著改善病人的治疗效果)” 可知，医院可以通过培训员工掌握触摸疗法，来应用这项研究成果。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。文章以电影情节引入，通过多项研究结果，如身体接触能改善睡眠、降低血压、减轻疼痛和焦虑等，说明其积极作用，并解释了身体接触起作用的原因，强调在科技充斥的世界里，身体接触依然不可或缺。所以短文主要关于身体接触增进健康。故选D。 Passage 2 （24-25高一下·浙江省A9协作体·期中） Lao Zi once said, “Care about what other people think and you will always be their prisoner.” People tend to gain self-worth through others’ approval (认可), which is a fruitless way to go through life. Why do we allow what others think of us to have so much power over how we feel about ourselves? If it’s true that you can’t satisfy all the people all the time, wouldn’t it make sense to stop trying? Unfortunately, sense often isn’t driving our behavior. For social beings who desire love and belonging, wanting to be liked and caring about the effect we have on others are healthy and allow us to make connections. However, where we get into trouble is when our self-worth is dependent upon whether we win someone’s approval or not. This need to be liked comes from when we were children and were completely dependent on others to take care of us. Small children are not just learning how to walk and communicate, they are also trying to learn how the world works. We learn about who we are based on communications with others. Thus, to a four-year-old, if Mommy or Daddy doesn’t like him or her, there is the danger that they will abandon them. We need to understand that when we anxiously want someone to approve of us, it’s being driven by that little kid part of us that is still terrified of abandonment. As you become more capable of providing yourself with the approval you find, your need for validation (确认) by others will start to disappear, leaving you stronger, more confident, and yes, happier in your life. Imagine how much time we lose each moment we restrain our real selves in an effort to be liked. So embrace the cliché (老话) and love your true self as it’s highly doubtful that you’ll regret it. 1．Why is Lao Zi’s quotation used in paragraph 1? A．To lead into the topic of this passage. B．To stress the importance of caring about others. C．To show us how to avoid being a prisoner. D．To introduce a famous historical figure. 2．What does the author say about why people expect others’ approval? A．They want to feel better than others. B．They are trying not to be abandoned. C．They believe it will bring them sense of pride. D．They consider that approval equals success. 3．What does the word “restrain” most likely mean in the passage? A．Express. B．Hide. C．Confirm. D．Reflect. 4．Which one is the most suitable title of this passage? A．The Power of Self-Worth. B．Childhood Shapes Behavior. C．The Importance of Approval-Seeking. D．Staying True to Yourself. Passage 3 （24-25高一下·江苏省南通市如皋市·期中） When planning my wedding. I was determined not to get caught up in the “perfect day”, but to have a relaxed, informal celebration. My husband and I ended up having a lovely time. “Pursuit (追求) of perfection is a prison,” says Moya Sarner, an NHS psychotherapist (心理医生). Many of us are driven by the unconscious (下意识的) wish that if we could just have the perfect body, the perfect job and the perfect family, then we would be happy. For that reason, it can get in the way to happiness in life. The psychoanalyst Donald Winnicott wrote about the importance of the “good enough mother” who meets her baby’s needs timely, but is not perfect. He said perfect is harmful. To meet every need immediately, whenever it is demanded, slows down a baby’s growth, robbing them of the opportunity to feel disappointed and learn to get the toy for themselves. Winnicott believed that while perfection is not a good thing, acceptance of imperfection is. If we cannot develop the ability to accept imperfection in ourselves and in those around us, we can have no self-confidence, no sustainable relationships and no fulfilling career. If we’re always trying to build a perfect life, we aren’t really living the one we’re in. How do I know all this? I am a perfectionist in recovery. I’ve started to recognize my pursuit of perfection has influenced my relationship and my parenting. How can you be a good partner if you expect everyone else to fit your own narrow expectations? How can your child grow if they sense that they always need to color precisely inside the lines you’ve drawn out for them? We need to go further than accepting imperfections. We need to learn to appreciate their humanity and beauty. Imperfections are why people will pay a calligrapher to handwrite invitations when a computer can produce a perfect version of the same invitation for less money and in less time. So for a more delicious life, and ultimately a better one, I choose imperfectionism. 1．How does the author introduce the topic? A．By presenting a successful life. B．By showing her firm determination. C．By describing her personal experience D．By introducing her perfect marriage. 2．What can we learn from the example of the “good enough mother”? A．Raising a child brings a mother much joy. B．Pursuing perfection is the duty of mothers. C．Meeting babies’ demands is very challenging D．Quick responses are not good for babies’ growth. 3．What is the function of the two questions at the end of Paragraph 5? A．To attract interest. B．To lead to the topic. C．To encourage thinking. D．To make assumptions. 4．Which of the following might the author agree with? A．Close enough is good enough. B．A miss is as good as a mile. C．A wise head makes a close mouth. D．Actions speak louder than words. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．C 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，作者通过自身经历引出追求完美的话题，借助心理医生和精神分析学家的观点阐述追求完美的弊端，强调接受并欣赏不完美的重要性。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“When planning my wedding. I was determined not to get caught up in the “perfect day”, but to have a relaxed, informal celebration. My husband and I ended up having a lovely time.(在计划我的婚礼时，我决心不陷入“完美的一天”这种观念，而是举办一场轻松、非正式的庆祝活动。我和丈夫最终度过了一段愉快的时光)” 可知，作者通过描述自己婚礼的个人经历来引入话题。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“To meet every need immediately, whenever it is demanded, slows down a baby’s growth, robbing them of the opportunity to feel disappointed and learn to get the toy for themselves.(无论何时，只要有需求就立即满足，这会减缓婴儿的成长，剥夺他们感受失望并学会自己获取玩具的机会)” 可知，从“足够好的母亲” 的例子中可得知，快速回应婴儿需求不利于其成长。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据第五段“How can you be a good partner if you expect everyone else to fit your own narrow expectations? How can your child grow if they sense that they always need to color precisely inside the lines you’ve drawn out for them?(如果你期望其他人都符合你狭隘的期望，你怎么能成为一个好伴侣呢？如果你的孩子觉得他们总是需要严格按照你为他们画的线来涂色，他们又怎么能成长呢？)”可知， 第五段末的两个问题是引导读者思考追求完美对人际关系和孩子成长的影响。故选C。 4．推理判断题。通读全文，并根据最后一段“We need to go further than accepting imperfections. We need to learn to appreciate their humanity and beauty. Imperfections are why people will pay a calligrapher to handwrite invitations when a computer can produce a perfect version of the same invitation for less money and in less time. So for a more delicious life, and ultimately a better one, I choose imperfectionism.(我们不能仅仅满足于接受不完美，还需学会欣赏其中的人性与美好。这就是为什么，尽管电脑能在更短时间内以更低成本制作出完美的请柬，人们却还是愿意花钱请书法家手写请柬。所以，为了让生活更加有滋有味，最终过上更美好的日子，我选择奉行不完美主义)”可知，作者通过自身经历引出追求完美的话题，借助心理医生和精神分析学家的观点阐述追求完美的弊端，强调接受并欣赏不完美的重要性。所以作者可能同意足够接近就足够好。故选A。 主题05 人与自我——做人与做事 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·山东省实验中学·期中） For a vast majority of us, our smartphones are the lifeline. If it is lost, a lot is unachievable, such as getting guided to work and ordering coffee. This sounds like a nightmare (噩梦). But it should not be exactly far-fetched. Despite being more digitally connected than ever, we are lonelier and more anxious. Anxiety rates increased by 25% globally. Depression now affects over 280 million people worldwide. All of this arises from our growing dependence on social media and smart technologies designed to offer quick relief but often at the expense of deep, meaningful activities. While these conveniences offer short-term relief, they may weaken our thinking skills. For example, GPS has undeniably transformed the way we travel. But a 2020 study found that frequent GPS users struggle more with self-guided exploration. Over time, those who relied more on GPS showed a sharp decrease in spatial memory and problem-handling skills. However, reducing dependence on these conveniences can result in discomfort. In seeking comfort today, we might be trading away some discomfort. That is the problem: the very discomfort we avoid is often what strengthens us. Regarding stress, a kind of discomfort, as a challenge rather than a threat leads to better outcomes. Research shows that mild stress can improve adaptability. Neuroscience (神经科学) reveals that neuroplasticity — the brain’s ability to form new connections — is sharpened through challenging experiences. This adaptability counts for developing resilience (抗逆力), a process fueled by both mental challenges and active effort. But this doesn’t mean we should abandon comfort entirely; it’s to balance it with intentional discomfort. Think of it as small and manageable difficulties that keep our mental and emotional muscles strong, such as writing with a pen, or washing dishes by hand. These small acts are enough to reawaken the resilience we’ve buried under layers of ease. So, the next time you feel the pull of ease, pause. Ask yourself: Is this momentary comfort helping me grow or is it keeping me stuck? Choosing discomfort isn’t easy, but sometimes, it’s worth it. 1．What does the underlined word “far-fetched” in Paragraph 1 probably mean? A．Likely to change. B．Certain to function. C．Unable to relate to. D．Easy to appear. 2．What may digital conveniences cause according to the text? A．The loss of thinking ability. B．The meaningful involvement. C．The lack of necessary comfort. D．The fast but insignificant relief. 3．Which is a real-life application of intentional discomfort? A．Exploring a city by using GPS. B．Taking the stairs instead of the lift. C．Writing an email using voice-to-text. D．Ordering take-out food after work. 4．What is the purpose of the text? A．To persuade readers to buy good smartphones. B．To encourage readers to accept discomfort. C．To urge readers to employ smart technologies. D．To remind readers to think creatively. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了过度依赖数字便利存在问题，鼓励读者接受不适。 1．词句猜测题。根据第一段中“For a vast majority of us, our smartphones are the lifeline. If it is lost, a lot is unachievable, such as getting guided to work and ordering coffee. This sounds like a nightmare (噩梦). (对我们绝大多数人来说，智能手机是我们的生命线。如果它丢失了，很多事情都无法实现，比如去上班的路上有人给你指路，或者点一杯咖啡。这听起来像是一场噩梦)”可知，手机丢失后的生活困境听起来像噩梦，但紧接着用“but”转折强调这并非遥不可及的情景，由此可推测出“far-fetched”意思是“难以实现的；不切实际的”，与“Unable to relate to (无法理解；难以置信)”意思相近，表示这种智能手机丢失带来的严重后果并非完全超出想象、难以发生的。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段中“All of this arises from our growing dependence on social media and smart technologies designed to offer quick relief but often at the expense of deep, meaningful activities. (所有这一切都源于我们对社交媒体和智能技术的日益依赖，这些技术旨在提供快速的缓解，但往往是以牺牲深层次的、有意义的活动为代价的。)”以及第三段中“While these conveniences offer short-term relief, they may weaken our thinking skills. (虽然这些便利提供了短期的缓解，但它们可能会削弱我们的思维能力)”可知，数字便利虽然能带来短期便利，但可能会削弱我们的思维能力，即导致思考能力的丧失。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“But this doesn’t mean we should abandon comfort entirely; it’s to balance it with intentional discomfort. Think of it as small and manageable difficulties that keep our mental and emotional muscles strong, such as writing with a pen, or washing dishes by hand.”  (但这并不意味着我们应该完全放弃舒适；而是要将舒适与有意为之的不适感相平衡。可以将其视为一些小而可控的困难，这些困难能让我们的心理和情感肌肉保持强健，比如用钢笔写字，或者用手洗碗)”可知，有意的“不适感”指的是那些能让我们心理和情感保持强健的小而可控的困难。结合选项，“Taking the stairs instead of the lift (走楼梯而不是坐电梯)”正是一种主动选择的不适，能锻炼身体，符合有意的“不适感”的定义。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据文章内容，尤其是最后一段中“So, the next time you feel the pull of ease, pause. Ask yourself: Is this momentary comfort helping me grow or is it keeping me stuck? Choosing discomfort isn’t easy, but sometimes, it’s worth it. (所以，下次当你感到安逸的诱惑时，请暂停一下。问问自己：这种暂时的舒适是在帮助我成长，还是让我停滞不前？选择不适并不容易，但有时，它是值得的)”可知，文章通过讨论智能手机和数字技术对人们生活的影响，强调了适度接受不适的重要性，鼓励读者在追求舒适的同时，也要勇于面对和接受不适，以促进个人成长和抗逆力的提升。故选B。 Passage 2 （24-25高一下·浙江省丽水发展共同体联盟·期中） The big day is finally here. You and your team have made it to the final game of the soccer tournament. You’re ready to win... but so is the other team. Then, suddenly, someone scores! The game is over. The other team has won and earns a shiny gold cup. But then the coaches start giving out something else to you and the other players: participation (参与) awards. Everyone reacts differently. Some glow with pride. Others look disappointed. And you? You don’t know how to feel... Participation awards have been around since the 1920s, when they were invented to make sports safer for kids. That’s because when the first youth sports leagues were created in the early 1900s, games were even more competitive than they are today. Many kids were badly hurt in their effort to win. Adults were concerned. Some schools even canceled sports programs altogether. But then came a solution: participation awards. The point was to take the spotlight away from winning and put it on other values, like teamwork and commitment, or sticking with something. Many people today say that’s why participation awards are still needed. “Winning isn’t everything,” says Kenneth Barish, a scientist who studies kids’ feelings and behavior. “The more important thing is to let kids know that we’re proud of them — not for winning, but for their effort. Praising effort has amazing benefits. It makes it easier for young people to try new things without fear, learn from mistakes, and take on new challenges with a positive attitude.” But some people worry that giving awards to everyone sends the wrong message. In real life, people are not always rewarded for just showing up. After all, you don’t get an A just for going to class. Participation awards, some say, could teach kids to expect awards when they aren’t deserved. So what do you think? Does everyone deserve a participation award? Or is it time to toss them aside for good? 1．What’s the writing purpose of the first paragraph? A．To share a competitive game. B．To compare two kinds of awards. C．To show the reactions to the awards. D．To introduce the participation awards. 2．What can be learned about participation awards from paragraph 2? A．They were introduced to make sports safer for young players. B．They were created in the first youth sports leagues in the 1900s. C．They were aimed at making the games less competitive than before. D．They were the only way to remove concern about the safety of sports. 3．What does Kenneth Barish intend to convey? A．The limitations of winning the game. B．The applications of praising the effort. C．The significance of developing the teamwork spirit. D．The importance of forming a healthy view of effort. 4．What’s the author’s attitude towards participation awards? A．Supportive. B．Objective. C．Doubtful. D．Indifferent. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文是篇议论文。文章主要分析了在体育比赛中设置参与奖的积极作用和人们的担忧，对是否应该设置这一奖项进行探讨。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“But then the coaches start giving out something else to you and the other players: participation (参与) awards.(但是教练们开始给你和其他球员颁发别的东西：参与奖。)”和第二段“Participation awards have been around since the 1920s, when they were invented to make sports safer for kids.(自20世纪20年代以来，参与奖就一直存在，当时它们的发明是为了让孩子们的运动更安全。)”结合第三、四段对参与奖利弊的分析可知，第一段的目的主要是为了引出参与奖这一话题。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“Participation awards have been around since the 1920s, when they were invented to make sports safer for kids.(自20世纪20年代以来，参与奖就一直存在，当时它们的发明是为了让孩子们的运动更安全。)”可知，参与奖的引进是为了让年轻运动员更安全。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段Kenneth Barish所说的话“Winning isn’t everything,(胜利不是全部，)”和“The more important thing is to let kids know that we’re proud of them — not for winning, but for their effort.(更重要的是让孩子们知道，我们为他们感到骄傲——不是为胜利，而是为他们的努力。)”可知，Kenneth认为胜利不是最重要的，为了胜利而付出努力才是更重要的。由此推知，Kenneth Barish想要传达的是形成一个健康的努力观是非常重要的。故选D。 4．推理判断题。文章第三段叙述了参与奖的好处，第四段指出了人们的一些担忧，结合最后一段“So what do you think? Does everyone deserve a participation award? Or is it time to toss them aside for good?(你怎么看？每个人都应该获得参与奖吗？或者是时候把它们永远扔到一边了？)”可知，作者客观分析了参与奖的优劣，对于设置的必要性进行探讨，可见作者对参与奖持客观的态度。故选B。 Passage 3 （24-25高一下·浙江省强基联盟·期中） Many economists (经济学家) today believe that self-interest is what drives competition and growth in market economies. However, in an increasingly interconnected society, it is even more important to have group skills. So we should encourage cooperation to better prepare children for the future. In the present time marked with digital economy, cooperation is a valuable skill to have. As a research study conducted by Google shows, skills such as good communication and cooperation are important to employees compared to technical skills or knowledge. In contrast, intense (激烈的) competitive and individualistic behaviour may destroy social relations in the community of coworkers. Since no man is an island, even the most competitive employee will not be able to pursue his goals effectively without the help of others who are able to share a common understanding. Moreover, encouraging cooperation helps develop a healthy sense of self-esteem in children that better prepares them for the competitive working world. The competitive culture include higher anxiety and depression among university students and office workers. It is primary for the builders of our future to be based on mutually beneficial cooperation rather than self-centre d competition. Teamwork can help a maturing individual realize that each has his or her own unique set of abilities and that another person's talents do not weaken the value of his or her talents. We should encourage a spirit of cooperation more than a spirit of competition in children to better prepare them for an uncertain future. Cooperation opens for an individual a gateway to diverse skills and talents of others and importantly, enhances our chances of solving problems of the future. Furthermore, since cooperative activities can build confidence in children, it will also promote healthy competition within a generation that can better understand and tolerate others’ weaknesses. 1．What will intense competition lead to according to the study? A．It can promote communications between people. B．It could bring damage to partners’ relationships. C．It will weaken one's ability in solving problems. D．It enables one to share common views with others. 2．What does the author agree with according to paragraph 3? A．Only by cooperation can children develop self-esteem. B．One's abilities and another’s talents can’t work together. C．It is important for builders of future to learn to cooperate. D．Higher anxiety and depression don't exist among students. 3．What characteristic might cooperation have, as mentioned in the passage? A．Focusing on self-centred competition. B．Reducing the possibility of success. C．Pursuing individual goals effectively. D．Accepting teammates' shortcomings. 4．What is author’s intention to write the article? A．To encourage a teamwork spirit in children. B．To support fierce competition between children. C．To warn children of uncertain trouble in the future. D．To build up confidence in children through competition. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。在日常生活中，我们经常需要在竞争与合作中做出抉择，本文指出我们应该鼓励孩子形成合作精神，以更好地为未来做准备。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“In contrast, intense (激烈的) competitive and individualistic behaviour may destroy social relations in the community of coworkers.(相比之下，激烈的竞争和个人主义行为可能会破坏同事社区的社会关系) ”可知，过度的激烈竞争行为会使同事之间的关系破裂。故选B。 2． 推理判断题。根据第三段“It is primary for the builders of our future to be based on mutually beneficial cooperation rather than self-centre d competition. Teamwork can help a maturing individual realize that each has his or her own unique set of abilities and that another person’s talents do not weaken the value of his or her talents.(我们未来的建设者首先要以互利合作而不是以自我为中心的竞争为基础。团队合作可以帮助一个成熟的人认识到，每个人都有自己独特的能力，别人的才能不会削弱他或她的才能的价值)”可推知，作者认为未来的建设者需要有合作精神。故选C项。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Furthermore, since cooperative activities can build confidence in children, it will also promote healthy competition within a generation that can better understand and tolerate others’ weaknesses.(此外，由于合作活动可以建立儿童的信心，它还将促进一代人之间的健康竞争，从而更好地理解和容忍他人的弱点)”可推知，接受队友的缺点是合作精神的一项特征。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据第一段中心句“So we should encourage cooperation to better prepare children for the future.(因此，我们应该鼓励合作，让孩子们更好地为未来做好准备)”和最后一段中心句“We should encourage a spirit of cooperation more than a spirit of competition in children to better prepare them for an uncertain future.(我们应该鼓励孩子们的合作精神而不是竞争精神，以便他们更好地为不确定的未来做好准备)”可推知，作者写这篇文章的目的是为了鼓励孩子们的团队合作精神。故选A。 主题01 人与社会——历史、文化与传统 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·浙江省浙里特色联盟·期中） While many of us may have been away somewhere nice last summer, few would say that we’ve “summered. ” “Summer” is clearly a noun, more exactly, a verbed noun. Way back in our childhood, we all learned the difference between a noun and a verb. With such a clear definition, it was easy to spot the difference. Not so in adulthood, where we are expected to “foot” bills, “chair” committees, and “dialogue” with political opponents(对手). Chances are you didn’t feel uncomfortable about the sight of those verbed nouns. “The verbing of nouns is as old as the English language,” says Patricia O’Conner, a former editor at The New York Times Book Review. Experts guess that 20 percent of all English verbs were originally nouns. And the phenomenon seems to be snowballing. Since 1900, about 40 percent of all new verbs have come from nouns. Even though conversion(转化) is quite common, plenty of grammarians object to the practice. William Strunk Jr. and E.B．White, in The Elements of Style-the Bible for the use of American English-have this to say: “Many nouns lately have been pressed into service as verbs. Not all are bad, but all are questionable.” The Chicago Manual of Style takes a similar standpoint, advising writers to use verbs with great care. “Sometimes people object to a new verb because they dislike what is unfamiliar to them,” says O’Conner. That’s why we’re comfortable “hosting” a party, but we might feel upset by the thought of “medaling” in sports. So are there any rules for verbing? Benjamin Dreyer, copy chief at Random House, doesn’t offer a rule, but suggests that people think twice about “verbifiing” a noun if it’s easily replaceable by an already existing popular verb. Make sure it’s descriptive but not silly-sounding, he says. In the end, however, style is subjective(主观的). Easy conversion of nouns to verbs has been part of English grammar for centuries; it is one of the processes that make English “English.” Not every coinage (新创的词语) passes into general use, but as for trying to end verbing altogether, forget it. 1．What can we learn about the verbing of nouns from the first three paragraphs? A．It is more accepted by adults. B．It started in the 19th century. C．It is a modern phenomenon. D．It originally made up 40% of verbs. 2．What is many experts’ attitude towards the practice of the verbing of nouns? A．Cautious(谨慎的). B．Supportive. C．Negative. D．Unconcerned. 3．What does the author think of ending the verbing of nouns? A．Unimportant. B．Worthwhile. C．Impossible. D．Practical. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．Do adults accept noun verbing? B．Should we give up noun verbing? C．Is noun verbing a new phenomenon? D．Are Summering and Medaling Annoying? 【答案】1．A 2．A 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章对英语语言中“名词动用”这一语言现象展开讨论，以例子的形式介绍了一些基本的用法，主要分享了专家们对此的谨慎态度，部分人士的反对观点，以及作者认为这一现象不可遏制的想法。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Not so in adulthood, where we are expected to “foot”bills, “chair”committees, and “dialogue”with political opponents(对手). Chances are you didn’t feel uncomfortable about the sight of those verbed nouns. (但在成年后的生活中并非如此，在这种语境里，我们需要“支付（foot）”账单、“主持（chair）”委员会，还要与政治对手“对话（dialogue）”。看到这些名词用作动词的情况，你很可能并不会感到不适。)”可知，成年人对名词动用现象接受度较高。故选A项。 2．推理判断题。根据第四段中“William Strunk Jr. and E.B. White, in The Elements of Style-the Bible for the use of American English-have this to say: “Many nouns lately have been pressed into service as verbs. Not all are bad, but all are questionable.” The Chicago Manual of Style takes a similar standpoint, advising writers to use verbs with great care. (小威廉姆·斯特伦克和E.B.怀特在《文体要素》——美国英语使用的圣经中这样说：“近来，许多名词被用作动词。不是所有的都是坏的，但所有的都值得怀疑。”《芝加哥文体手册》也持类似观点，建议写作者谨慎使用动词。)”可知，专家们是怀疑地审视名词被用作动词这一现象，建议写作者谨慎使用。由此可知，他们对此持谨慎的态度。故选A项。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Easy conversion of nouns to verbs has been part of English grammar for centuries; it is one of the processes that make English “English.” Not every coinage (新创的词语) passes into general use, but as for trying to end verbing altogether, forget it. (几个世纪以来，名词到动词的轻松转化一直是英语语法的一部分；它是使英语成为“英语”的过程之一。并不是每一个新造的词都会被普遍使用，但至于试图完全停止使用动词，还是算了吧)”可推知，作者认为名词被用作动词这一现象是英语语言发展必不可少的一部分，结束这一用法是不可能的。故选C项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章围绕英语语言中“名词动用”这一语言现象展开，首先以例子的形式介绍了一些基本的用法，然后主要分享了专家们对此的谨慎态度，部分人士的反对观点，以及作者认为这一现象不可遏制的想法。因此，B选项“Summering和Medaling很讨厌吗？”贴合文意，用文章中名词动用的两个典型用语Summering和Medaling来进行概括，适合作为标题。故选D项。 主题02 人与社会——社会进步与科技创新 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·山东菏泽·期中） The use of the Internet in education enables information exchange, improves communication, and advances the frontiers of knowledge. Through platforms that connect teachers and students, anyone can find a community willing to share learning materials. The Internet is the bridge that connects the people who may not have the opportunity to meet in real life, providing a platform for them to learn from each other. The influence of the Internet on teaching tools is obvious—from desktop computers used in early computer science classes to tablets (平板电脑) in technology lessons about programming (编程). Moreover, the Internet’s footprint in education goes beyond devices; it has changed how students access training resources. Their learning potential is limited only by the time they choose to spend doing online research. The Internet has been greatly benefiting school students. It increases students’ motivation by offering good access to information that either complements (补充) classroom lessons or introduces new topics for independent learning. It promotes cooperation and improves communication between members of the school community. It also enables remote learning for those who live far from schools or cannot attend in person. However, increased access to information may expose students to unreliable sources or data, which can lead to misunderstandings of subjects if they are not guided by teachers. Besides, too much Internet use can limit the development of social skills, which may lead to isolation (孤立). Moreover, the digital divide remains a major concern, as not all students have equal access to the Internet or appropriate devices, which may create educational inequalities. So some students may be left behind if effective solutions are not adopted. Faced with these challenges, schools using technology as their teaching tools must ensure that technology use does not shut any students out and that they provide special monitoring to help learners benefit from technology “without getting lost along the way”. 1．What does the underlined word “footprint” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Device. B．Influence. C．Opportunity. D．Limitation. 2．How does the Internet encourage students to study? A．By allowing them to study at home. B．By offering new science subjects at school. C．By providing sufficient learning resources. D．By replacing traditional classroom teaching. 3．What might students’ heavy reliance on the Internet lead to? A．Less social contact. B．Educational inequalities. C．Having no respect for teachers. D．Raising doubts about data online. 4．Which one could be the best title of the text? A．Digital divide in education: a major concern B．Digital learning: a global classroom revolution C．The Internet: both a teaching tool and a source D．The Internet in education: benefits and challenges 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．D 【导语】这是一篇议论文。互联网在教育领域既有促进信息交流等诸多益处，也存在信息不可靠、社交受限及数字鸿沟等挑战。 1．词句猜测题。根据第二段“The influence of the Internet on teaching tools is obvious—from desktop computers used in early computer science classes to tablets (平板电脑) in technology lessons about programming (编程). Moreover, the Internet’s footprint in education goes beyond devices; it has changed how students access training resources.(互联网对教学工具的影响是显而易见的 —— 从早期计算机科学课上使用的台式电脑到编程技术课上使用的平板电脑。此外，互联网在教育领域的footprint超越了设备；它改变了学生获取培训资源的方式)中“Moreover”可知，后面的内容是对前面关于互联网对教育影响的进一步阐述，所以footprint在这里和influence意思相近，意为“影响”。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“The Internet has been greatly benefiting school students. It increases students’ motivation by offering good access to information that either complements (补充) classroom lessons or introduces new topics for independent learning.(互联网使在校学生受益匪浅。它通过提供丰富的信息获取途径来提高学生的学习积极性，这些信息既可以补充课堂知识，也可以为自主学习引入新的话题)”可知，互联网通过提供充足的学习资源来鼓励学生学习。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段“Besides, too much Internet use can limit the development of social skills, which may lead to isolation (孤立).(此外，过度使用互联网会限制社交技能的发展，这可能会导致孤立)”可知，学生过度依赖互联网可能会导致社交接触减少。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，并结合第一段“The use of the Internet in education enables information exchange, improves communication, and advances the frontiers of knowledge.(互联网在教育中的使用促进了信息交流，改善了沟通，并推动了知识的前沿发展)”以及第三段“The Internet has been greatly benefiting school students.(互联网使在校学生受益匪浅)”阐述了互联网在教育中的好处；第四段“However, increased access to information may expose students to unreliable sources or data, which can lead to misunderstandings of subjects if they are not guided by teachers. Besides, too much Internet use can limit the development of social skills, which may lead to isolation (孤立).(然而，信息获取的增加可能会使学生接触到不可靠的信息来源或数据，如果没有老师的指导，这可能会导致对学科的误解。此外，过度使用互联网会限制社交技能的发展，这可能会导致孤立)”和第五段“Moreover, the digital divide remains a major concern, as not all students have equal access to the Internet or appropriate devices, which may create educational inequalities.(此外，数字鸿沟仍然是一个主要问题，因为并非所有学生都能平等地使用互联网或合适的设备，这可能会造成教育不平等)”则指出了互联网在教育中带来的挑战。所以D选项The Internet in education: benefits and challenges(互联网在教育中：好处和挑战)最适合作为文章标题。故选D。 Passage 2 （24-25高一下·浙江省S9联盟·期中） Can a robot help speed up Christmas deliveries? The city of Helsinki is finding out. A trial in Finland’s capital is using a delivery robot in two neighborhoods to see if this new, self-driving and pollution-free method could help with the holiday stress. The HeRo robot that is being tested, is a project of Forum Virium, an innovative Finnish company. The trial will be running through the end of December 2023. The goal is to show how packages can be quickly delivered to people’s homes with great accuracy even during the holiday season. HeRo is not just a delivery robot, it’s electric and operates without any dangerous emissions, plus it is self-navigating (导航) and talks. The delivery robot was made by the French robotics firm TwinswHeel and uses an interface created by the Finnish company LMAD．The four-wheeled vehicle can carry up to 300 kilograms and can travel up to 20 kilometers on just one charge of its lithium(锂)battery pack. HeRo uses a combination of GPS and onboard sensors(传感器)to run through the city’s streets. HeRo can carry several orders at once. Each order is in a separate locker and customers can open their lockers electronically. In just one hour, the robot delivers packages from a few shops to people in the Ruoholahti and North Jätkäsaari areas. No other delivery service is as fast or as clean. This isn’t HeRo’s first appearance on Helsinki streets. From May to August 2023, there was a first phase trial. It carried packages from Würth Center (a place that gives tools and supplies for industry) to nearby workplaces. These trials are part of the international URBANE project. The project wants to find new, green ways to make logistics better for both companies and people. Soon, there will be new trials in cities in Spain and Greece. Using self-driving robots for zero-emission delivery is an idea that should be used all over the world. 1．What is the purpose of the trial in Helsinki? A．To see if robots can replace human delivery workers. B．To find out if robots can speed up Christmas deliveries. C．To test if robots can reduce pollution during Christmas. D．To check if robots can improve the accuracy of deliveries. 2．Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the HeRo robot? A．It is self-navigating. B．It has onboard sensors. C．It can carry up to 300 kilograms. D．It can travel unlimited distances on one charge. 3．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．New trials will be expanded to other cities. B．The URBANE project only focuses on Helsinki. C．Zero emission delivery is already widely applied. D．The HeRo robot has been on the streets of Helsinki only once. 4．What’s the best title for the text? A．Pollution-free Method Proves Popular B．Robots Are Helping to Deliver Packages C．A Delivery Robot Improves Service Quality D．Helsinki Takes the Lead in Holiday Deliveries 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了芬兰首都赫尔辛基正在测试一款名为HeRo的电动无人配送机器人，旨在验证其在圣诞节等节假日高峰期能否实现高效、零污染的包裹配送，并介绍了该机器人的技术参数、功能特点、历史测试情况。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Can a robot help speed up Christmas deliveries? The city of Helsinki is finding out. A trial in Finland’ s capital is using a delivery robot in two neighborhoods to see if this new, self-driving and pollution-free method could help with the holiday stress.(机器人能助力加快圣诞节期间的快递派送速度吗？赫尔辛基市正在探寻答案。芬兰首都赫尔辛基正在两个街区对一款配送机器人进行试验，旨在研究这种新型的、自动驾驶且无污染的配送方式是否能够缓解节日期间的物流压力。)”可知，赫尔辛基进行试验的目的是想弄清楚机器人是否能加快圣诞节期间的快递派送速度，通过在两个街区使用配送机器人来检验这种新方式能否缓解节日期间的压力。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“HeRo is not just a delivery robot, it’s electric and operates without any dangerous emissions, plus it is self-navigating (导航) and talks. The delivery robot was made by the French robotics firm TwinswHeel and uses an interface created by the Finnish company LMAD. The four-wheeled vehicle can carry up to 300 kilograms and can travel up to 20kilometers on just one charge of its lithium(锂)battery pack. HeRo uses a combination of GPS and onboard sensors (传感器) to run through the city’s streets.( HeRo不仅仅是一款配送机器人，它使用电力驱动，运行过程中不产生任何有害排放物，此外，它还具备自主导航功能并且能够与人交流。这款配送机器人由法国机器人公司TwinswHeel制造，并采用了芬兰公司LMAD开发的交互界面。这个四轮机器人最大载重量可达300公斤，一次充电后，其锂电池组可支持它行驶20公里。HeRo综合运用全球定位系统（GPS）和车载传感器在城市街道上行驶。)”可知，HeRo机器人是电动的，无污染排放，具备自主导航功能，使用全球定位系统（GPS）和车载传感器在城市街道行驶，四轮的它最大载重量可达300公斤，一次充电其锂电池组可支持它行驶20公里。也就是说，选项A、B、C都是HeRo的特点，只有选项D“It can travel unlimited distances on one charge.(它一次充电可以行驶无限的距离)”与原文表述不符。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“This isn’t HeRo’s first appearance on Helsinki streets. From May to August 2023, there was a first phase trial. It carried packages from Würth Center (a place that gives tools and supplies for industry) to nearby workplaces. These trials are part of the international URBANE project. The project wants to find new, green ways to make logistics better for both companies and people. Soon, there will be new trials in cities in Spain and Greece. Using self-driving robots for zero-emission delivery is an idea that should be used all over the world.(这并非HeRo首次出现在赫尔辛基的街头。在2023年5月至8月期间，进行了第一阶段的试验。当时它将货物从伍尔特中心（Würth Center，一个为工业提供工具和物资的场所）运送到附近的工作地点。这些试验是国际“URBANE 项目”的一部分。该项目旨在寻找新的、环保的方式，以便让物流服务对公司和民众都更有利。很快，西班牙和希腊的城市也将开展新的试验。使用自动驾驶机器人实现零排放配送，这个理念值得在全球范围内推广应用。)”可知，HeRo机器人在赫尔辛基不是第一次进行试验，这些试验是国际URBANE项目的一部分，该项目旨在找到新的绿色方式让物流更好，并且很快在西班牙和希腊的城市会有新的试验。由此推知，新的试验将扩展到其他城市。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章内容可知，文章主要讲述了赫尔辛基市正在进行一项试验，使用HeRo配送机器人在两个街区进行快递派送，以检验其是否能加快圣诞节期间的快递派送速度，同时介绍了HeRo机器人的特点、之前的试验情况以及未来的试验计划等，核心内容围绕机器人参与快递派送展开。选项B“Robots Are Helping to Deliver Packages(机器人正在助力派送包裹)”准确地概括了文章主要内容，可以作为最佳标题。故选B。 主题03 人与社会——社会生活与人际沟通 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·浙江省杭州市上城区杭二东河·期中） When Holly Ford walked past a long-disused phone box in her home village of Cladich in 2017, an idea began to form, which combined her love of baking with a new use for the box ignored by almost everyone. Holly got permission from the community council to use the call box. “Nobody told us it wouldn’t work, but we did get a few locals who thought people would just help themselves to cakes without paying.” These concerns proved to be wholly unfounded. The honesty box, which is located next to the bread, cookies, lemon drizzle cakes, jams, eggs and candles, has always been used correctly by customers, claims Holly, with the box remaining entirely unstaffed. “It’s a surprisingly busy road for traffic in the summer,” Holly remarks, “and we do get quite a few notes that people leave for us saying how much they like the idea.” Only open during the summer months, Holly has turned the box into layers of shelves for her cakes and other local produce. Able to make close to £100 a day in peak summer months, she also runs regular charity bakes in the community. “I’m not sure the honesty box approach would work in a more urban area,” she tells me. “but for where we live it’s surprisingly easy to make something like this happen. It’s really important to put in the work on social media and to keep your self-belief in the idea.” Holly is able to judge which cakes most tickle the taste of passing travelers with a sweet tooth. “The brownies are the most popular, always.” she tells me, “I do like expanding the range. The only thing is that I can’t get them to rise at the moment! Maybe next summer they’ll be in the box!” 1．Why is the box beside the cakes called “the honesty box” A．Because Holly is an honest and reliable cake maker. B．Because customers use it properly with no salesman. C．Because the cakes and local produce are safe to buy and eat. D．Because Holly has gained official permission for her business. 2．Which word best describes customers’ attitude towards(Holly’s call box) A．Doubtful. B．Objective C．Tolerant. D．Favourable. 3．What does the underlined word “tickle” mean in the last paragraph? A．Satisfy. B．Affect. C．Develop. D．Change. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Way to Expand Business B．A Profitable Summer Dealing C．A New Life of a Phone Box D．A Reliable Call Box Cake Maker 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲的是Holly Ford将一个废弃已久的电话亭变为出售她的蛋糕和其他当地农产品的地方的事情。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Holly got permission from the community council to use the call box. “Nobody told us it wouldn’t work, but we did get a few locals who thought people would just help themselves to cakes without paying.”(Holly获得了社区委员会的许可，可以使用这个电话亭。“没人告诉我们这个想法不会成功，但我们确实遇到了一些当地人，他们认为人们会不花钱就直接拿走蛋糕。”)”和第三段“The honesty box, which is located next to the bread, cookies, lemon drizzle cakes, jams, eggs and candles, has always been used correctly by customers, claims Holly, with the box remaining entirely unstaffed.(Holly声称，这个诚信电话亭位于面包、饼干、柠檬蛋糕、果酱、鸡蛋和蜡烛旁边，顾客一直正确使用，电话亭里完全没有人)”可知，蛋糕旁边的电话亭叫“诚信电话亭”是因为顾客在没有销售员的情况下也能正确使用它（顾客能自律付款，无售货员监督）。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据第四段““It’s a surprisingly busy road for traffic in the summer,” Holly remarks, “and we do get quite a few notes that people leave for us saying how much they like the idea.”(“这条道路在夏季的交通流量出乎意料地大，”Holly说道，“而且我们确实收到不少留言，人们在上面写道他们非常喜欢这个想法。”)”可知，顾客对Holly电话亭的态度是赞成的。故选D。 3．词句猜测题。根据最后一段“Holly is able to judge which cakes most tickle the taste of passing travelers with a sweet tooth.(Holly能够判断出哪种蛋糕最能让爱吃甜食的过路旅行者tickle)”和“The brownies are the most popular, always.(布朗尼蛋糕总是最受欢迎的)”可知，Holly判断出什么蛋糕最受人欢迎，也就是最能满足过路旅客的口味，因此划线词tickle的意思是“满足”，和Satisfy意思相近。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“When Holly Ford walked past a long-disused phone box in her home village of Cladich in 2017, an idea began to form, which combined her love of baking with a new use for the box ignored by almost everyone.(2017年，Holly Ford在她家乡克拉迪奇村路过一个废弃已久的电话亭时，一个想法开始在她心中形成。这个想法将她对烘焙的热爱与这个几乎无人注意的电话亭的新用途结合在了一起)”结合本文主要讲的是Holly Ford将一个废弃已久的电话亭变为出售她的蛋糕和其他当地农产品的地方的事情，也就是一个废弃已久的电话亭获得了新生，C选项“电话亭的新生”可作为最好的题目。故选C。 Passage 2 （24-25高一下·浙江省宁波市·期中） Do we really know our best friends? I like my close friends a lot, and yet, on an almost daily basis, they shocked me. I have a friend who thinks voting is a waste of time; I have another friend who never takes any arrangement to meet at a given time and place seriously. It’s generally held that friends are people with whom we choose to develop relationships because we find their personalities agreeable, or similar to our own, and yet experience regularly contradicts this. What is a friend, really? All that one can safely say is that a friend is someone one likes and wishes to see again. The truth is that we don’t know our friends. Numerous studies show that we tend to assume our friends agree with us more than they really do. The striking part is that the problem doesn’t appear to lessen as a friendship deepens. When the researchers Michael Gill and Bill Swann questioned students sharing rooms, they found that, as time passed,people became even more confident in the accuracy of their judgments about the other, and yet, in reality, the judgments grew no more accurate. Two people might become dear friends, yet remain ignorant about vast areas of each other’s inner lives. This seems strange, until you consider, that many-of the benefits that friendship provides don’t necessarily depend on perfect familiarity; they come from something closer to reliability. Friendahip may be less about being drawn to someone’s personality than about finding someone willing to keep you company, or lend an ear. A friend provides the “social-identity support” we desire. You needn’t be a close match with someone, nor deeply familiar with their mind. And once a friendship has begun, you want to like it, if only to confirm that you made the right decision. We don’t want to know everything about our friends. We don’t base friendships on what we learn about people; we decide what to learn about people, and what to ignore, based on having decided to be friends. Perhaps there’s something moving about viewing friendship as an agreement to keep each other company, ignore each other’s faults and not probe (刨根问底) too deeply in ways that might weaken the friendship. Perhaps a true friend is someone who doesn’t ask many awkward questions. 1．Why does the author tell the stories of his two friends in the first paragraph? A．To provide background information. B．To introduce the topic of the passage. C．To stress the importance of friendship. D．To show the difference between friends. 2．The underlined word “they” in Paragraph 4 refers to ______ . A．friendships B．strangers C．researchers D．benefits 3．It can be concluded from the passage that ______ . A．close friends usually know each other in depth B．real friends are people you like but don’t wish to see often C．we do not necessarily share personalities with close friends D．the longer we stay with friends, the more accurately we judge them 4．Which statement about friends will the author probably accept? A．Stay friends but keep a distance. B．It takes a long time to grow an old friend. C．Real friends will tell you when your face is dirty. D．True friends know all about you and still like you. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章围绕“我们是否真正了解自己最好的朋友”这一主题展开讨论，通过列举朋友的事例、引用研究结果等方式，阐述了对朋友关系的看法。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“I like my close friends a lot, and yet, on an almost daily basis, they shocked me. I have a friend who thinks voting is a waste of time; I have another friend who never takes any arrangement to meet at a given time and place seriously.(我非常喜欢我的好朋友，然而，他们几乎每天都让我震惊。我有一个朋友认为投票是浪费时间；我还有一个朋友从不认真对待任何约定在特定时间和地点见面的安排。)”可知，作者在第一段中讲述了他两个朋友的故事，是为了引出文章的主题。故选B。 2．词句猜测题。根据第四段“This seems strange, until you consider, that many of the benefits that friendship provides don’t necessarily depend on perfect familiarity; they come from something closer to reliability.(这看起来很奇怪，直到你考虑到，友谊提供的许多好处并不一定依赖于完美的熟悉；它们来自更接近可靠的东西。)”可知，此处“they”指代上文提到的“the benefits”。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段“The truth is that we don’t know our friends. Numerous studies show that we tend to assume our friends agree with us more than they really do. The striking part is that the problem doesn’t appear to lessen as a friendship deepens.(事实是我们并不了解我们的朋友。大量的研究表明，我们倾向于认为我们的朋友比实际情况更同意我们的观点。最引人注目的是，这个问题并不会随着友谊的加深而减少。)”和“Two people might become dear friends, yet remain ignorant about vast areas of each other’s inner lives.(两个人可能会成为亲密的朋友，但对彼此内心生活的广阔领域仍然一无所知。)”可推断，我们不一定和密友有相同的个性。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Perhaps there’s something moving about viewing friendship as an agreement to keep each other company, ignore each other’s faults and not probe (刨根问底) too deeply in ways that might weaken the friendship.(也许把友谊看作是一种互相陪伴、忽略彼此缺点、不深入探究可能削弱友谊的方式，这有些令人感动。)”可推断，作者可能会接受“做朋友但保持距离”这种说法。故选A。 主题04 人与自我——生活与学习 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·江苏省无锡市江阴市江阴六校·期中） To early childhood educator Erika Christakis, schooling and learning are two different things. According to one study she cites in her well-researched book, The Importance of Being Little 25% of Los Angeles kindergarteners were allowed no time at all for free play. Three and four-year-olds can make discoveries for themselves if given the mental space to do so and freed from typical overplanned activities. But too often teachers themselves are managed by higher-ups (with too much attention to details), expected to hew to fixed lesson plans, and given little flexibility. Some say they have little time to bond with their students. “Kids are being too much talked at rather than listened to.” This “crushes (毁坏)” their curiosity. In America, reading, writing, and the cognitive (认知的) demands that have been traditionally introduced in second or third grades have been pushed forward to preschools — to 3-year-olds “who lack the motor skills and attention span (持续时间) to be successful.” Christakis argues that forcing academic rigor (严格) at such an early age has led preschoolers to do worse, not better. She admires the philosophies of Waldorf and Steiner schools, which teach young children handiwork such as weaving or woodwork “as part of an imaginative and story-driven curriculum (课程).” They have nature outings for children aged three to six. They sleep in tents with only their teachers and other children (no texting nor parents allowed everywhere near for days). They learn from nature and everyday experience, invent their own games, choose their own playmates, and settle their own conflicts. They learn to dress themselves, make meals, and help one another. At night they sing around a campfire. Here at home, early education in Christakis’s telling seems to have been overtaken by well-intentioned politicians who don’t understand the first thing about how children actually learn. Alphabets, slogans, and rhymes on the walls are too much for “young children when they can’t even yet read.” Students need less “desk work” and vocabulary drills, she says, and more talking with and listening to adults who “invite the child to be reflective.” 1．Which of the following best explains “hew to” underlined in paragraph 1? A．Give up. B．Break up. C．Contribute to. D．Stick to. 2．What is Erika Christakis’s opinion on American preschool education? A．It focuses too much on traditional subjects. B．It negatively affects children’s development. C．It fails to teach children reading and writing skills. D．It is disconnected from the reality of primary schools. 3．What does paragraph 3 tell us about Waldorf and Steiner schools? A．They disallow texting in the classrooms. B．Their communication with parents is effective. C．They advocate an outdoor learning environment. D．Their courses rely heavily on teacher involvement. 4．What do children actually need according to Erika Christakis? A．Inspiring conversations. B．Appropriate learning resources. C．Repetitive reading exercises. D．Quality family time. 5．What is the main idea of this passage? A．Early education should stress structured academic lessons. B．Preschool policies are overly influenced by politicians. C．Nature-based activities are key to child development. D．Early education should stress play and exploration. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．A 5．D 【导语】这是一篇议论文。本文主要讲述了幼儿教育专家Erika Christakis对幼儿教育的看法，她认为学校教育和学习是两回事，过早地强迫孩子进行严格的学术训练会对孩子的发展产生负面影响，强调幼儿教育应该注重玩耍和探索。 1．词句猜测题。根据第一段“But too often teachers themselves are managed by higher-ups (with too much attention to details), expected to hew to fixed lesson plans, and given little flexibility.(但很多时候，教师本身受到上级的管理（过于注重细节），被期望_____固定的课程计划，并且几乎没有灵活性。)”中的“fixed lesson plans”和“given little flexibility”可知，教师需要按照固定的课程计划进行教学，几乎没有灵活性，由此可知，hew to意为“坚持”。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“Christakis argues that forcing academic rigor at such an early age has led preschoolers to do worse, not better.(Christakis认为，在这么小的年纪就强迫进行严格的学术训练，导致学前儿童的表现更差，而不是更好。)”可知，Erika Christakis认为过早地强迫孩子进行严格的学术训练会对孩子的发展产生负面影响。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段“They have nature outings for children aged three to six.(他们为三到六岁的孩子安排了自然郊游。)”可知，Waldorf和Steiner学校提倡户外学习环境。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Students need less “desk work” and vocabulary drills, she says, and more talking with and listening to adults who “invite the child to be reflective”.(她说，学生需要更少的“课桌作业”和词汇练习，而需要更多地与那些“邀请孩子进行反思”的成年人交谈和倾听。)”可知，Erika Christakis认为孩子们实际上需要的是与成年人进行鼓舞人心的对话。故选A。 5．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Three and four-year-olds can make discoveries for themselves if given the mental space to do so and freed from typical overplanned activities.(如果给三四岁的孩子提供思考的空间，并让他们摆脱典型的过度计划的活动，他们就能自己做出发现。)”和最后一段“Students need less “desk work” and vocabulary drills, she says, and more talking with and listening to adults who “invite the child to be reflective.”(她说，学生需要更少的“课桌作业”和词汇练习，而需要更多地与那些“邀请孩子进行反思”的成年人交谈和倾听。)”可知，这篇文章的主要思想是幼儿教育应该强调玩耍和探索。故选D。 Passage 2 （24-25高一下·浙江省宁波中学·期中） Some writers use idioms to “add color” to their writing, while others keep their text as simple as possible. In fact, while idioms may make your work appear confusing, using them correctly can explain the message and attract readers. Including idioms in your writing is an effective way to make your work more creative. For example, if you are writing a text about money planning, you could say: “You should save your money.” Or, you can use an idiom such as “A penny saved is a penny earned.” Idioms can also add humor to your writing in places where you may otherwise seem rude. For example, rather than writing about a character who is not smart, you could say “the lights are on, but nobody’s home.” The idiom tends to be softer and somewhat less impolite. There are a number of idioms that can make a boring text more impressive. Are you trying to show that you agree with someone? Perhaps you could say that you “see eye to eye.” Does this happen very rarely? Maybe it happens “once in a blue moon?” Keep the list of idioms handy as you write so you can draw from that list and include the sayings in your writing where appropriate. Be careful not to “overdo” it. Too many idioms can be upset. Also, be sure that you know the correct meaning of the idiom before you use it in your writing. Not using it in the right context can confuse readers and cause some of them to lose interest in your work. It is easier than you think to introduce idioms into your writing. Once you get familiar with a list of common idioms, you’ll discover that getting them on paper is “a piece of cake”. 1．Why do some writers use idioms in their writing? A．Idioms can make their work formal. B．Writers want to use various writing ways. C．Idioms can make their work attractive. D．Writings can read easier. 2．What can we learn from the last two paragraphs? A．Practice makes perfect. B．Great minds think alike. C．Well begun is half done. D．Learn to walk before you run. 3．What does the underlined word probably mean? A．Factual. B．Suitable. C．Difficult. D．Comfortable. 4．What’s the aim of the passage? A．To explain idioms’ meanings in writing. B．To encourage proper idioms in writing. C．To introduce more idioms to readers. D．To solve problems about idiom use. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了虽然习语可能会让你的作品看起来令人困惑，但正确使用它们可以解释信息并吸引读者。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Some writers use idioms to “add color” to their writing, while others keep their text as simple as possible. In fact, while idioms may make your work appear confusing, using them correctly can explain the message and attract readers.(一些作家使用习语来为他们的写作“增添色彩”，而另一些人则尽可能地保持文章的简洁。事实上，虽然习语可能会让你的作品看起来令人困惑，但正确使用它们可以解释信息并吸引读者)”可知，有些作家在写作中使用习语，因为习语可以使他们的作品更有吸引力。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“Keep the list of idioms handy as you write so you can draw from that list and include the sayings in your writing where appropriate. Be careful not to “overdo” it. Too many idioms can be upset. Also, be sure that you know the correct meaning of the idiom before you use it in your writing. (写作时把习语列表放在手边，这样你就可以在适当的时候把它们加进你的写作中。注意不要“过度”。习语太多会让人心烦意乱。此外，在写作中使用这个习语之前，一定要知道它的正确意思)”及倒数第一段“It is easier than you think to introduce idioms into your writing. Once you get familiar with a list of common idioms, you’ll discover that getting them on paper is “a piece of cake”.(在写作中引入习语比你想象的要容易。一旦你熟悉了一系列常用习语，你就会发现把它们记在纸上是“小菜一碟”)”可推知，从最后两段我们了解到，在写作中使用习语并不难，一旦熟悉了，就是“小菜一碟”，也就是熟能生巧。故选A。 3．词句猜测题。根据划线词下文“Be careful not to “overdo” it. Too many idioms can be upset.(注意不要“过度”。习语太多会让人心烦意乱)”可知，过度使用习语会适得其反，因此要在适当的时候把它们加进你的写作中。由此可知，划线词appropriate与suitable(适宜的，合适的)意思接近。故选B。 4．推理判断题。第一段“Some writers use idioms to “add color” to their writing, while others keep their text as simple as possible. In fact, while idioms may make your work appear confusing, using them correctly can explain the message and attract readers.(一些作家使用习语来为他们的写作“增添色彩”，而另一些人则尽可能地保持文章的简洁。事实上，虽然习语可能会让你的作品看起来令人困惑，但正确使用它们可以解释信息并吸引读者)”和最后一段的“ Once you get familiar with a list of common idioms, you’ll discover that getting them on paper is “a piece of cake”.(一旦你熟悉了一系列常用习语，你就会发现把它们记在纸上是“小菜一碟”。)”及下文论述可推知，这篇文章的目的是鼓励在写作中使用正确的习语。故选B。 主题05 人与自然——自然与文化融合 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·浙江省五湖联盟·期中） Moving house is a big and emotional business. So when a whole group of Asian elephants made a historic move from Melbourne to Werribee this week, they shared a moving reunion as they explored their new world-class habitat for the first time. The elephants trumpeted (吼叫) as they appeared from their air-conditioned trucks to take their first steps in their new home. They also touched each other and moved their ears, showing excitement and a strong social connection. The elephants wasted no time getting acquainted with their new playgrounds. Werribee Open Range Zoo zookeeper Lucy Truelson said it was inspiring to see the elephants explore their new habitat, following years of careful planning to reach this groundbreaking moment. “They are celebrating and really enjoying their new surroundings,” Ms Truelson said. “They’re playing, exploring the landscape and they’ve slept beautifully. All these things show us that they’re happy. This is everything we hoped for.” The elephant path is designed to put animal benefit first with an unmatched visitor experience. There are six large habitats with playgrounds. The area is the same size as Melbourne Zoo’s full footprint. It also includes two big pools that together hold nearly two million liters of water and offer about 1,300 square meters of swimming space. Two specially designed elephant barns include a sleeping area filled with 3,300 tonnes of sand. Two overpasses will allow the elephants to cross over visitor walking paths, allowing the elephants to move between habitats. With the elephants’ benefit the top thing for keepers, Ms Truelson was sure that visitors will have to wait a few more weeks. Werribee has never before had so many elephants in its 41-year history and making it happen was a huge job including a 21-person keeper team. 1．How does Lucy Truelson feel about the move? A．Concerned. B．Disappointed. C．Satisfied. D．Confused. 2．What does the underlined word “acquainted” in paragraph 1 probably mean? A．Familiar. B．Addicted. C．Affected. D．Content. 3．What does paragraph 3 mainly tell us about these elephants? A．Means of transporting them. B．Advantages of their new home. C．Challenges faced by them. D．Their experience with visitors. 4．Why do visitors have to wait? A．The elephants need to be trained. B．The elephants fear to see visitors. C．The zoo will give visitors a big surprise. D．The zoo has to make full preparations. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了亚洲象群迁居沃瑞比动物园的情况。 1．推理判断题。由文章第二段中““They are celebrating and really enjoying their new surroundings,” Ms Truelson said. “They’re playing, exploring the landscape and they’ve slept beautifully. All these things show us that they’re happy. This is everything we hoped for.” (“它们正在庆祝，并且非常享受新环境，”Truelson女士说。“它们在玩耍，探索这片土地，而且睡得很好。所有这些都表明它们很开心。这正是我们所期望的”)”可知，Lucy Truelson对大象们的搬家感到很满意。故选C。 2．词句猜测题。由文章第一段“Moving house is a big and emotional business. So when a whole group of Asian elephants made a historic move from Melbourne to Werribee this week, they shared a moving reunion as they explored their new world-class habitat for the first time. The elephants trumpeted (吼叫) as they appeared from their air-conditioned trucks to take their first steps in their new home. They also touched each other and moved their ears, showing excitement and a strong social connection. The elephants wasted no time getting acquainted with their new playgrounds. (搬家是一件既重大又充满情感的事情。因此，当本周一整群亚洲象从墨尔本历史性地迁徙到维里比时，它们首次探索自己崭新的世界级栖息地，共同经历了一场感人的重逢。大象们从装有空调的卡车里走出来，在新家迈出第一步时，发出了响亮的吼叫声。它们还相互触碰，扇动耳朵，展现出兴奋之情和强烈的社交联系。大象们迫不及待地acquainted起它们的新乐园。)”以及第二段中““They are celebrating and really enjoying their new surroundings,” Ms Truelson said. (“它们正在庆祝，并且非常享受新环境，”Truelson女士说。)”可知，大象们很高兴来到新环境，立刻开始熟悉它们的新乐园，acquainted意为“熟悉的”，与Familiar“熟悉的”意思相符。故选A。 3．主旨大意题。由文章第三段中“The elephant path is designed to put animal benefit first with an unmatched visitor experience. There are six large habitats with playgrounds. The area is the same size as Melbourne Zoo’s full footprint. It also includes two big pools that together hold nearly two million liters of water and offer about 1,300 square meters of swimming space. Two specially designed elephant barns  include a sleeping area filled with 3,300 tonnes of sand. Two overpasses will allow the elephants to cross over visitor walking paths, allowing the elephants to move between habitats. (大象通道的设计将动物福利放在首位，同时兼顾了无与伦比的游客体验。这里有六个带有游乐场的大型栖息地。该区域与墨尔本动物园的整个占地面积相当。这里还包括两个大型水池，总蓄水量近200万升，提供了约1300平方米的游泳空间。两个特别设计的大象牲口棚里有一个用3300吨沙子填充的休息区。两座天桥将让大象能够跨越游客步行道，方便它们在不同栖息地之间移动。)”可知，本段主要告诉我们大象们新家的优势。故选B。 4．细节理解题。由文章最后一段中“With the elephants’ benefit the top thing for keepers, Ms Truelson was sure that visitors will have to wait a few more weeks. Werribee has never before had so many elephants in its 41-year history and making it happen was a huge job including a 21-person keeper team. (由于饲养员将大象的福利放在首位，Truelson女士确信游客们还需要再等几周。在维里比41年的历史中，从未有过这么多大象，实现这一目标是一项艰巨的任务，包括组建了一支21人的饲养员团队。)”可知，游客们需要等待是因为动物园必须做好充分的准备。故选D。 Passage 2 （24-25高一下·浙江省杭州市拱墅区杭州第十一中学·期中） Australia officially listed koalas across its eastern coast as “endangered” on Friday. Conservationists (自然环境保护者) said koala populations had crashed in much of eastern Australia over the past two decades, warning that they were now sliding towards extinction. The koala, a globally recognized symbol of Australia’s unique wildlife, had been listed as “vulnerable (易危)”  on the eastern coast just a decade earlier. “We are taking unprecedented (史无前例的) action to protect the koala,” the Minister of Environment, Sussan Ley said, highlighting a recent government promise of Aus$50 million to protect and recover koala habitats. Environmentalists welcomed the koalas’ new status (地位) but blamed Australia’s failure to protect the species so far. “Koalas have gone from no-listing to vulnerable to endangered within a decade. That is a shockingly fast decline,” said WWF-Australia conservation scientist Stuart Blanch. “Today’s decision is welcome, but it won’t stop koalas from sliding towards extinction unless it’s accompanied by stronger laws to protect their forest homes.” Alexia Wellbelove of the Humane Society International said east coast koalas could be extinct by 2050 if no action was taken. “We can’t afford any more clearing,” she said. “The extinction of koalas does not have to happen,” she added, “we must stop allowing their homes to be cleared for mines, new houses, agricultural projects and industrial logging (伐木).” Australia’s koalas had been living on a “knife edge” even before the “Black Summer” bushfires of 2019-2020 because of land-clearing, drought, disease, car strikes and dog attacks, said Josey Sharrad, wildlife campaign manager at the International Fund for Animal Welfare. “We should never have allowed things to get to the point where we are at risk of losing a national icon (象征),” Sharrad said, “The bushfires were the final straw. This must be a wake-up call to Australia and the government to move much faster to protect critical habitat from development and land-clearing, and seriously deal with the influences of climate change.” 1．What is the problem mentioned in Para 1? A．Koala populations have increased quickly. B．Koalas enjoy too much popularity in Australia. C．Koalas get crushed by other animals. D．Koalas are at risk of extinction. 2．Why did environmentalists welcome the koala’s new status? A．This would stop koalas from extinction. B．They could blame the government’s failure. C．This could lead to stronger action to protect koalas. D．They may have time to recover koala habitats. 3．How does the author prove his idea? A．By making a comparison. B．By analyzing figures. C．By doing a survey. D．By quoting environmentalists’ words. 4．What’s the purpose of this text? A．To call on people to protect Koala. B．To show the causes of Koalas’ disappearance. C．To show Koalas’ important statue. D．To present environmentalists’ words. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．D 4．A 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述澳大利亚将考拉列为濒危物种，并分析原因，呼吁尽快采取措施。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Conservationists said koala populations had crashed in much of eastern Australia over the past two decades, warning that they were now sliding towards extinction.”（自然环境保护者说，过去二十年里，考拉数量在澳大利亚东部大部分地区急剧下降，警告说它们现在正走向灭绝。）可知，考拉正面临灭绝的风险。故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段“Environmentalists welcomed the koalas’ new status (地位) but blamed Australia’s failure to protect the species so far. “Koalas have gone from no-listing to vulnerable to endangered within a decade. That is a shockingly fast decline,” said WWF-Australia conservation scientist Stuart Blanch. “Today’s decision is welcome, but it won’t stop koalas from sliding towards extinction unless it’s accompanied by stronger laws to protect their forest homes.””（环境保护主义者欢迎考拉的新地位，但指责澳大利亚迄今未能保护这一物种。“考拉在十年内从未列入名单到易危再到濒危。这是一个令人震惊的快速下降，”世界自然基金会澳大利亚保护科学家Stuart Blanch说。“今天的决定是受欢迎的，但除非有更强有力的法律来保护它们的森林家园，否则它不会阻止考拉走向灭绝。”）可知，环境保护主义者欢迎考拉的新地位是因为这可能会导致更强有力的行动来保护考拉。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段““Koalas have gone from no-listing to vulnerable to endangered within a decade. That is a shockingly fast decline,” said WWF-Australia conservation scientist Stuart Blanch. “Today’s decision is welcome, but it won’t stop koalas from sliding towards extinction unless it’s accompanied by stronger laws to protect their forest homes.””（“考拉在十年内从未被列入名单到脆弱到濒临灭绝。这是一个令人震惊的快速下降，”世界自然基金会澳大利亚保护科学家斯图尔特·布兰奇说。“今天的决定是受欢迎的，但它不会阻止考拉走向灭绝，除非有更强有力的法律来保护它们的森林家园。”）、第四段“Alexia Wellbelove of the Humane Society International said east coast koalas could be extinct by 2050 if no action was taken. “We can’t afford any more clearing,” she said. “The extinction of koalas does not have to happen,” she added, “we must stop allowing their homes to be cleared for mines, new houses, agricultural projects and industrial logging (伐木).””（国际人道协会的亚历克西娅·韦洛夫说，如果不采取行动，东海岸的考拉可能会在2050年灭绝。“我们负担不起更多的空地了，”她说。“考拉的灭绝是可以避免的，”她补充说，“我们必须停止允许它们的家园被用于采矿、新建房屋、农业项目和工业伐木。”）可知，作者通过引用环境保护主义者的话来证明他的观点。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“This must be a wake-up call to Australia and the government to move much faster to protect critical habitat from development and land-clearing, and seriously deal with the influences of climate change.”（这必须是对澳大利亚和政府的警钟，要求他们加快行动，保护关键栖息地免受开发和土地清理的影响，并认真应对气候变化的影响。）结合全文内容可知，文章主要讲述澳大利亚将考拉列为濒危物种，并分析原因，呼吁尽快采取措施。所以本文的目的是呼吁人们保护考拉。故选A。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题04 阅读理解（议论文、新闻报道） 主题01 人与社会——历史、文化与传统 Passage 1 （24-25学年高一下·山东济南·期中） Henan TV show explores the essence of Qingming culture Qingming is both a solar term and a traditional festival, marked by customs such as tomb-sweeping, spring outings, and offering blessings. It embodies the vitality of spring, the renewal of hope, and the cycle of life itself. Premiering tonight at 19:30 on Henan TV, 2025 Adventures on Qingming Festival offers a poetic interpretation of this timeless tradition. Featuring an exceptional lineup, the show will deliver a breathtaking audiovisual experience, guiding audiences through a threefold journey of life, memory, and nature — an emotional resonance that transcends time and space. Inspired by the “Three Phenological Signs of Qingming”, an ancient Chinese observation of seasonal transitions, the program weaves these natural changes into its narrative. Through a blend of modern and traditional performances, the festival’s cultural depth is reimagined in a cinematic and philosophical light. The dance performance A Dream of the Enchanted Melody unfolds in three chapters — Emergence, Rhythm, and Eternity — symbolizing the rebirth of spring and the journey of life. At its heart is a mythical, melodious bird, long dormant in Dunhuang murals, awakening to spring’s arrival. Dressed in flowing green, the dancers bridge ancient Buddhist wisdom with earthly renewal, embodying the revival of all living things. The untamed energy of spring, vividly captured by renowned author Shi Tiesheng, bursts to life in Cocoon-Break, a dynamic street dance showcase. Blending the rhythmic intensity of street dance with the precision of Wing Chun martial arts, the performance embodies the fusion of tradition and modernity, illustrating how the essence of Chinese culture thrives in the vitality of a new generation. A youthful, electrifying anthem, Sunflower sets the stage ablaze with pure energy. A teenage rock band, guided by teacher Gu Ya’s childlike sincerity and aunt Maizi’s free-spirited optimism, delivers a performance that blooms with courage and passion. Their music encourages all to embrace life with brightness, cherish everyday moments, and pursue dreams fearlessly. Blending creativity with dynamic visuals, Seeking Blossoms by the Riverside offers a play ful folk-style skit. Traditional-style blogger Chen Xiyue, appearing as a flower girl, and delivery boy Song Xiaoge step into history, offering flowers — and inspiration — to legendary artists. Through a lighthearted, playful narrative, the performance unveils the untold stories behind artistic masterpieces, celebrating the timeless lineage of Chinese art. The Chinese-style dance Roaming Youth provides an immersive glimpse into poet Bai Juyi’s reflective twilight years. Adapted in part from Looking for Him in the Crowd, an epic poetry and art drama, the performance balances lyrical grace with rhythmic strength. Against the backdrop of ancient tea rituals — roasting, storing, water selection, and brewing — young dancers bring Qingming’s tea culture to life. The performance opens with a dramatic narration by Xu Tao, a national first-class actor and renowned reciter, unfurling like a vivid scroll painting of spring’s renewal. 1．What can we know about the 2025 Adventures on Qingming Festival? A．It is going to be relayed by Henan TV at 19:30 on the day before Qingming. B．It is presented through a blend of modern and traditional singing. C．It intends to deliver a breathtaking and nice audiovisual savoring. D．It is inspired and edited by the “Three Phenological Signs of Qingming”. 2．What does the dance Cocoon-Break uniquely combines street dance with? A．Traditional tea ceremonies. B．Wing Chun martial arts. C．Legendary poetry recitals. D．Historical scroll paintings. 3．What does the phrase “timeless lineage of Chinese art” in Seeking Blossoms by the Riverside refers to? A．The preservation of artistic masterpieces across generations. B．The resounding and excellent modern adaptations of folk tales. C．The technical skills of young dancers who would act out it. D．The popularity and demand of flower-themed performances. 4．What is the primary purpose of Henan TV’s 2025 Adventures on Qingming Festival? A．To promote tourism and economy during spring outings. B．To unfurl like a vivid scroll painting of spring’s fall-down. C．To reinterpret Qingming culture through artistic innovation. D．To showcase competitive performances among competent artists. Passage 2 （24-25高一下·山东省济宁市第一中学·期中） Being a vegetarian (素食者) in a meat-eating culture isn’t always easy. I always get asked, “Why? Since when? How come?” and “How can you stand not eating meat?” For me, being a vegetarian isn’t strange; it’s just who and what I am. I’m sick and tired of people judging (评价) me based on a personal choice that has nothing to do with them. Honestly, I could understand if my decision had an influence on their lives, but the thing is it doesn’t, so they should just get over it. If anything, more people should be vegetarians. It’s a fact that a vegetarian has a lower risk of cancer, heart attacks, and high blood pressure. Being a vegetarian can help people live a longer life because they are eating healthily and not taking in the fat found in non-vegetarian diets. While all diets need to be balanced, it is possible to get protein, minerals and nutrients from vegetable sources. Vegetables, milk and eggs have all the requirements your body needs to survive. If you are creative, a vegetarian diet is far from boring. As vegetables come in various types and tastes, they can be prepared and eaten in countless ways. There are so many vegetarian cookbooks, which shows this is a fact. I find it funny when people say vegetarians do not get enough energy from their diet. My answer is to mention Dave Scott, the first person to win the IRONMAN World Championship six times! Yes, surprise, surprise, at the time he was a vegetarian. Vegetarianism is better for the planet because the ecological footprint of vegetarians is smaller. So next time you want to judge someone's personal choice to go veggie, remember they have their reasons, not the least of which are concerns for animals and the state of the planet. 1．How does the author feel about others’ opinions on his diet? A．Curious. B．Annoyed. C．Appreciative. D．Unconcerned. 2．What does paragraph 3 mainly tell us about a vegetarian diet? A．Its advantages. B．Its sources. C．Its varieties. D．Its popularity. 3．Why does the author mention Dave Scott in paragraph 5? A．To show what a vegetarian diet is like. B．To present a study on vegetarian diets. C．To suggest a vegetarian diet is healthy. D．To explore why some athletes are vegetarians. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．My Road to Becoming a Vegetarian B．Mistaken Beliefs about Vegetarianism C．Vegetarianism: A Common Phenomenon D．Vegetarianism: More Than a Personal Choice 主题02 人与社会——科技与社会影响 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·山东枣庄·期中） AI image generation seems to be everywhere: on TikTok, the popular AI filter (滤镜) shows you what you look like in the cartoon style. There’s no denying that they’re fun. While there’s an initial excitement at seeing an image appear, there’s no creative satisfaction. Children’s illustrators (插画师) were quick to raise concerns about the technology on social media. Among them is illustrator Rob Biddulph. Biddulph says, “AI-generated art is the exact opposite of what I believe art to be. Basically, I have always felt that art is all about translating something that you feel innernally into something that exists externally. True art is about the creative process much more than the final piece. And simply pressing a button to generate an image is not a creative process.” Beyond creativity, there are deeper issues. To create images, AI generators rely on databases of already existing art and text. Illustrator Anoosha Syed says, “AI can only copy. AI doesn’t create its own. It samples everyone’s and then mashes it into something else. This is essentially what AI art is doing.” The blurring (模糊) of creative boundaries is leaving many artists raging against the AI art generators. What’s more, there’s a more underlying danger: the ability to create images that are potentially illegal. The increasing use of AI, says illustrator Dapo Adeola, will also lead to a devaluing of the work of artists. “For me,” he says, “there’s already a negative bias (偏见) towards the creative industry. Something like this strengthens an argument that what we do is easy and we shouldn’t be able to earn the money we command.” The influences of AI image generation are far-reaching and could impact everything from films to graphic novels and more, but artists and illustrators firmly believe their fans won't be convinced by AI art. “Children’s books are highly complex, various forms of communication,” says illustrator Harry Woodgate. “The kids who read them expect a great deal, not only from the stories and illustrations, but from the people who make them.” 1．What is Rob Biddulph’s opinion of AI image generation? A．It can translate something external. B．It showcases a process of creativity. C．It focuses more on the final work. D．It can’t create its works but copy. 2．What does the underlined word “raging” mean in Paragraph 4? A．Angry. B．Confused. C．Serious. D．Excited. 3．Which of the following does Dapo Adeola agree with? A．AI image generation is potentially illegal. B．AI art has a significant effect on creativity. C．Artistic work lacks complexity and challenge. D．The popularity of AI reduces the value of the works. 4．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．Artists and kids rarely communicate. B．AI images have no effect on kids’ books. C．Children expect AI images from books. D．Artists doubt if AI images satisfy their fans. 主题03 人与社会——社会公益与互助 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·山东聊城·期中） Cao Heyuan from Xiangcheng High-tech Zone in Suzhou City has raised 30 tonnes of supplies donated by local enterprises to support relief efforts in Dingri County in the city of Xigaze, southwest China’s Xizang Autonomous Region, which was struck by a magnitude 6.8 earthquake on January 7. On the evening of January 8, Cao oversaw the loading of the supplies onto vehicles at a wholesale market in Chengguan District, Lhasa. In an interview, she appeared to be slightly breathless due to high altitude sickness. “I heard the news of the earthquake yesterday morning while on a business trip. Such emergencies require assistance from those familiar with the situation, so I immediately contacted Wang Shunli, a friend who regularly assists communities in Xizang, and then we contacted businesses in Suzhou and raised 400,000 yuan in donations,” she explained. The supplies included barley flour, tsamba (the most popular food in Xizang), heaters, pressure cookers, cotton quilts, and coats. Cao said that the current local temperature is around minus 20 degrees Celsius, and it’s also difficult to start fires on the plateau. Therefore, the purchased (购买) items needed to be practical and useful. Cao also mentioned that the wholesale market was packed with vehicles from all over the country. Several Lhasa students, who had previously received support from Wang, also volunteered to help load the supplies. 1．Why did Cao Heyuan choose to purchase the specific supplies mentioned in the passage? A．Because they are easy to transport. B．Because they are suitable for the disaster area. C．Because they are easy to collect in Suzhou. D．Because they are the most popular local items. 2．What can we infer from the passage? A．Wang Shunli regularly works and lives in a community in Xizang. B．The earthquake didn’t cause much damage. C．People from all over the country cared about the affected area. D．Students from all over the country volunteered to help. 3．Where is this article most likely from? A．A news website. B．A geography magazine. C．A travel guidebook. D．A scientific research journal. 主题04 人与自我——生活与学习 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·山东德州·期中） In the movie Love, Actually, Hugh Grant’s character shares how the arrivals gate at Heathrow airport lifts his mood. The scene shows people hugging, laughing, and reuniting—a perfect example of how physical touch, like holding hands or a warm hug, connects us. Science proves these simple acts do more than spread joy; they also improve mental and physical health. Strong evidence links physical touch to better health. A large analysis of 212 studies (with over 13,000 people) looked at the effects of touch, such as massage therapy (按摩疗法) or gentle hugs. These studies spanned a wide range of populations, including infants, adults, and the elderly, and examined the effects of touch on various health outcomes. The results were clear: touch helps people sleep better, lowers blood pressure, and reduces tiredness. For example, a study found that holding hands or a comforting pat on the back reduced stress chemicals, making people feel calmer. Touch is especially helpful for reducing pain, sadness, and worry. Hospitals use massage therapy to significantly improve patient outcomes. Patients who received relaxing touch or massages felt less pain and anxiety. Cancer patients reported less pain and better moods after massages. Elderly people in care homes who were given gentle touch also felt less lonely and more connected to others. Researchers think touch works by releasing oxytocin, a hormone that helps people bond and reduces stress. Touch also activates the body’s natural relaxation system, which helps recover from stress. In a world filled with technology, human touch remains irreplaceable. A hug, a pat, or a kind gesture reminds us of our shared humanity. Next time you see people hugging at an airport, remember: these small acts aren’t just heartwarming — they’re scientifically proven to heal both body and mind. 1．Why does the author mention Grant’s sharing in the first paragraph? A．To criticize some airport services. B．To provide a real-life example. C．To raise public awareness of health. D．To discuss airport security rules. 2．What may happen to a patient receiving massages? A．Feeling refreshed. B．Improving creativity. C．Boosting memory. D．Becoming confident. 3．How might hospitals apply this research? A．Help the patients do sports. B．Replace drug therapy for cancer. C．Train staff in touch therapy. D．Lower the treatment expenses. 4．What is the main idea of the passage? A．Movies inspire scientific discovery. B．Touch therapy is gaining popularity. C．Massages can cure serious diseases. D．Physical touch enhances well-being. Passage 2 （24-25高一下·浙江省A9协作体·期中） Lao Zi once said, “Care about what other people think and you will always be their prisoner.” People tend to gain self-worth through others’ approval (认可), which is a fruitless way to go through life. Why do we allow what others think of us to have so much power over how we feel about ourselves? If it’s true that you can’t satisfy all the people all the time, wouldn’t it make sense to stop trying? Unfortunately, sense often isn’t driving our behavior. For social beings who desire love and belonging, wanting to be liked and caring about the effect we have on others are healthy and allow us to make connections. However, where we get into trouble is when our self-worth is dependent upon whether we win someone’s approval or not. This need to be liked comes from when we were children and were completely dependent on others to take care of us. Small children are not just learning how to walk and communicate, they are also trying to learn how the world works. We learn about who we are based on communications with others. Thus, to a four-year-old, if Mommy or Daddy doesn’t like him or her, there is the danger that they will abandon them. We need to understand that when we anxiously want someone to approve of us, it’s being driven by that little kid part of us that is still terrified of abandonment. As you become more capable of providing yourself with the approval you find, your need for validation (确认) by others will start to disappear, leaving you stronger, more confident, and yes, happier in your life. Imagine how much time we lose each moment we restrain our real selves in an effort to be liked. So embrace the cliché (老话) and love your true self as it’s highly doubtful that you’ll regret it. 1．Why is Lao Zi’s quotation used in paragraph 1? A．To lead into the topic of this passage. B．To stress the importance of caring about others. C．To show us how to avoid being a prisoner. D．To introduce a famous historical figure. 2．What does the author say about why people expect others’ approval? A．They want to feel better than others. B．They are trying not to be abandoned. C．They believe it will bring them sense of pride. D．They consider that approval equals success. 3．What does the word “restrain” most likely mean in the passage? A．Express. B．Hide. C．Confirm. D．Reflect. 4．Which one is the most suitable title of this passage? A．The Power of Self-Worth. B．Childhood Shapes Behavior. C．The Importance of Approval-Seeking. D．Staying True to Yourself. Passage 3 （24-25高一下·江苏省南通市如皋市·期中） When planning my wedding. I was determined not to get caught up in the “perfect day”, but to have a relaxed, informal celebration. My husband and I ended up having a lovely time. “Pursuit (追求) of perfection is a prison,” says Moya Sarner, an NHS psychotherapist (心理医生). Many of us are driven by the unconscious (下意识的) wish that if we could just have the perfect body, the perfect job and the perfect family, then we would be happy. For that reason, it can get in the way to happiness in life. The psychoanalyst Donald Winnicott wrote about the importance of the “good enough mother” who meets her baby’s needs timely, but is not perfect. He said perfect is harmful. To meet every need immediately, whenever it is demanded, slows down a baby’s growth, robbing them of the opportunity to feel disappointed and learn to get the toy for themselves. Winnicott believed that while perfection is not a good thing, acceptance of imperfection is. If we cannot develop the ability to accept imperfection in ourselves and in those around us, we can have no self-confidence, no sustainable relationships and no fulfilling career. If we’re always trying to build a perfect life, we aren’t really living the one we’re in. How do I know all this? I am a perfectionist in recovery. I’ve started to recognize my pursuit of perfection has influenced my relationship and my parenting. How can you be a good partner if you expect everyone else to fit your own narrow expectations? How can your child grow if they sense that they always need to color precisely inside the lines you’ve drawn out for them? We need to go further than accepting imperfections. We need to learn to appreciate their humanity and beauty. Imperfections are why people will pay a calligrapher to handwrite invitations when a computer can produce a perfect version of the same invitation for less money and in less time. So for a more delicious life, and ultimately a better one, I choose imperfectionism. 1．How does the author introduce the topic? A．By presenting a successful life. B．By showing her firm determination. C．By describing her personal experience D．By introducing her perfect marriage. 2．What can we learn from the example of the “good enough mother”? A．Raising a child brings a mother much joy. B．Pursuing perfection is the duty of mothers. C．Meeting babies’ demands is very challenging D．Quick responses are not good for babies’ growth. 3．What is the function of the two questions at the end of Paragraph 5? A．To attract interest. B．To lead to the topic. C．To encourage thinking. D．To make assumptions. 4．Which of the following might the author agree with? A．Close enough is good enough. B．A miss is as good as a mile. C．A wise head makes a close mouth. D．Actions speak louder than words. 主题05 人与自我——做人与做事 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·山东省实验中学·期中） For a vast majority of us, our smartphones are the lifeline. If it is lost, a lot is unachievable, such as getting guided to work and ordering coffee. This sounds like a nightmare (噩梦). But it should not be exactly far-fetched. Despite being more digitally connected than ever, we are lonelier and more anxious. Anxiety rates increased by 25% globally. Depression now affects over 280 million people worldwide. All of this arises from our growing dependence on social media and smart technologies designed to offer quick relief but often at the expense of deep, meaningful activities. While these conveniences offer short-term relief, they may weaken our thinking skills. For example, GPS has undeniably transformed the way we travel. But a 2020 study found that frequent GPS users struggle more with self-guided exploration. Over time, those who relied more on GPS showed a sharp decrease in spatial memory and problem-handling skills. However, reducing dependence on these conveniences can result in discomfort. In seeking comfort today, we might be trading away some discomfort. That is the problem: the very discomfort we avoid is often what strengthens us. Regarding stress, a kind of discomfort, as a challenge rather than a threat leads to better outcomes. Research shows that mild stress can improve adaptability. Neuroscience (神经科学) reveals that neuroplasticity — the brain’s ability to form new connections — is sharpened through challenging experiences. This adaptability counts for developing resilience (抗逆力), a process fueled by both mental challenges and active effort. But this doesn’t mean we should abandon comfort entirely; it’s to balance it with intentional discomfort. Think of it as small and manageable difficulties that keep our mental and emotional muscles strong, such as writing with a pen, or washing dishes by hand. These small acts are enough to reawaken the resilience we’ve buried under layers of ease. So, the next time you feel the pull of ease, pause. Ask yourself: Is this momentary comfort helping me grow or is it keeping me stuck? Choosing discomfort isn’t easy, but sometimes, it’s worth it. 1．What does the underlined word “far-fetched” in Paragraph 1 probably mean? A．Likely to change. B．Certain to function. C．Unable to relate to. D．Easy to appear. 2．What may digital conveniences cause according to the text? A．The loss of thinking ability. B．The meaningful involvement. C．The lack of necessary comfort. D．The fast but insignificant relief. 3．Which is a real-life application of intentional discomfort? A．Exploring a city by using GPS. B．Taking the stairs instead of the lift. C．Writing an email using voice-to-text. D．Ordering take-out food after work. 4．What is the purpose of the text? A．To persuade readers to buy good smartphones. B．To encourage readers to accept discomfort. C．To urge readers to employ smart technologies. D．To remind readers to think creatively. Passage 2 （24-25高一下·浙江省丽水发展共同体联盟·期中） The big day is finally here. You and your team have made it to the final game of the soccer tournament. You’re ready to win... but so is the other team. Then, suddenly, someone scores! The game is over. The other team has won and earns a shiny gold cup. But then the coaches start giving out something else to you and the other players: participation (参与) awards. Everyone reacts differently. Some glow with pride. Others look disappointed. And you? You don’t know how to feel... Participation awards have been around since the 1920s, when they were invented to make sports safer for kids. That’s because when the first youth sports leagues were created in the early 1900s, games were even more competitive than they are today. Many kids were badly hurt in their effort to win. Adults were concerned. Some schools even canceled sports programs altogether. But then came a solution: participation awards. The point was to take the spotlight away from winning and put it on other values, like teamwork and commitment, or sticking with something. Many people today say that’s why participation awards are still needed. “Winning isn’t everything,” says Kenneth Barish, a scientist who studies kids’ feelings and behavior. “The more important thing is to let kids know that we’re proud of them — not for winning, but for their effort. Praising effort has amazing benefits. It makes it easier for young people to try new things without fear, learn from mistakes, and take on new challenges with a positive attitude.” But some people worry that giving awards to everyone sends the wrong message. In real life, people are not always rewarded for just showing up. After all, you don’t get an A just for going to class. Participation awards, some say, could teach kids to expect awards when they aren’t deserved. So what do you think? Does everyone deserve a participation award? Or is it time to toss them aside for good? 1．What’s the writing purpose of the first paragraph? A．To share a competitive game. B．To compare two kinds of awards. C．To show the reactions to the awards. D．To introduce the participation awards. 2．What can be learned about participation awards from paragraph 2? A．They were introduced to make sports safer for young players. B．They were created in the first youth sports leagues in the 1900s. C．They were aimed at making the games less competitive than before. D．They were the only way to remove concern about the safety of sports. 3．What does Kenneth Barish intend to convey? A．The limitations of winning the game. B．The applications of praising the effort. C．The significance of developing the teamwork spirit. D．The importance of forming a healthy view of effort. 4．What’s the author’s attitude towards participation awards? A．Supportive. B．Objective. C．Doubtful. D．Indifferent. Passage 3 （24-25高一下·浙江省强基联盟·期中） Many economists (经济学家) today believe that self-interest is what drives competition and growth in market economies. However, in an increasingly interconnected society, it is even more important to have group skills. So we should encourage cooperation to better prepare children for the future. In the present time marked with digital economy, cooperation is a valuable skill to have. As a research study conducted by Google shows, skills such as good communication and cooperation are important to employees compared to technical skills or knowledge. In contrast, intense (激烈的) competitive and individualistic behaviour may destroy social relations in the community of coworkers. Since no man is an island, even the most competitive employee will not be able to pursue his goals effectively without the help of others who are able to share a common understanding. Moreover, encouraging cooperation helps develop a healthy sense of self-esteem in children that better prepares them for the competitive working world. The competitive culture include higher anxiety and depression among university students and office workers. It is primary for the builders of our future to be based on mutually beneficial cooperation rather than self-centre d competition. Teamwork can help a maturing individual realize that each has his or her own unique set of abilities and that another person's talents do not weaken the value of his or her talents. We should encourage a spirit of cooperation more than a spirit of competition in children to better prepare them for an uncertain future. Cooperation opens for an individual a gateway to diverse skills and talents of others and importantly, enhances our chances of solving problems of the future. Furthermore, since cooperative activities can build confidence in children, it will also promote healthy competition within a generation that can better understand and tolerate others’ weaknesses. 1．What will intense competition lead to according to the study? A．It can promote communications between people. B．It could bring damage to partners’ relationships. C．It will weaken one's ability in solving problems. D．It enables one to share common views with others. 2．What does the author agree with according to paragraph 3? A．Only by cooperation can children develop self-esteem. B．One's abilities and another’s talents can’t work together. C．It is important for builders of future to learn to cooperate. D．Higher anxiety and depression don't exist among students. 3．What characteristic might cooperation have, as mentioned in the passage? A．Focusing on self-centred competition. B．Reducing the possibility of success. C．Pursuing individual goals effectively. D．Accepting teammates' shortcomings. 4．What is author’s intention to write the article? A．To encourage a teamwork spirit in children. B．To support fierce competition between children. C．To warn children of uncertain trouble in the future. D．To build up confidence in children through competition. 主题01 人与社会——历史、文化与传统 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·浙江省浙里特色联盟·期中） While many of us may have been away somewhere nice last summer, few would say that we’ve “summered. ” “Summer” is clearly a noun, more exactly, a verbed noun. Way back in our childhood, we all learned the difference between a noun and a verb. With such a clear definition, it was easy to spot the difference. Not so in adulthood, where we are expected to “foot” bills, “chair” committees, and “dialogue” with political opponents(对手). Chances are you didn’t feel uncomfortable about the sight of those verbed nouns. “The verbing of nouns is as old as the English language,” says Patricia O’Conner, a former editor at The New York Times Book Review. Experts guess that 20 percent of all English verbs were originally nouns. And the phenomenon seems to be snowballing. Since 1900, about 40 percent of all new verbs have come from nouns. Even though conversion(转化) is quite common, plenty of grammarians object to the practice. William Strunk Jr. and E.B．White, in The Elements of Style-the Bible for the use of American English-have this to say: “Many nouns lately have been pressed into service as verbs. Not all are bad, but all are questionable.” The Chicago Manual of Style takes a similar standpoint, advising writers to use verbs with great care. “Sometimes people object to a new verb because they dislike what is unfamiliar to them,” says O’Conner. That’s why we’re comfortable “hosting” a party, but we might feel upset by the thought of “medaling” in sports. So are there any rules for verbing? Benjamin Dreyer, copy chief at Random House, doesn’t offer a rule, but suggests that people think twice about “verbifiing” a noun if it’s easily replaceable by an already existing popular verb. Make sure it’s descriptive but not silly-sounding, he says. In the end, however, style is subjective(主观的). Easy conversion of nouns to verbs has been part of English grammar for centuries; it is one of the processes that make English “English.” Not every coinage (新创的词语) passes into general use, but as for trying to end verbing altogether, forget it. 1．What can we learn about the verbing of nouns from the first three paragraphs? A．It is more accepted by adults. B．It started in the 19th century. C．It is a modern phenomenon. D．It originally made up 40% of verbs. 2．What is many experts’ attitude towards the practice of the verbing of nouns? A．Cautious(谨慎的). B．Supportive. C．Negative. D．Unconcerned. 3．What does the author think of ending the verbing of nouns? A．Unimportant. B．Worthwhile. C．Impossible. D．Practical. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．Do adults accept noun verbing? B．Should we give up noun verbing? C．Is noun verbing a new phenomenon? D．Are Summering and Medaling Annoying? 主题02 人与社会——社会进步与科技创新 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·山东菏泽·期中） The use of the Internet in education enables information exchange, improves communication, and advances the frontiers of knowledge. Through platforms that connect teachers and students, anyone can find a community willing to share learning materials. The Internet is the bridge that connects the people who may not have the opportunity to meet in real life, providing a platform for them to learn from each other. The influence of the Internet on teaching tools is obvious—from desktop computers used in early computer science classes to tablets (平板电脑) in technology lessons about programming (编程). Moreover, the Internet’s footprint in education goes beyond devices; it has changed how students access training resources. Their learning potential is limited only by the time they choose to spend doing online research. The Internet has been greatly benefiting school students. It increases students’ motivation by offering good access to information that either complements (补充) classroom lessons or introduces new topics for independent learning. It promotes cooperation and improves communication between members of the school community. It also enables remote learning for those who live far from schools or cannot attend in person. However, increased access to information may expose students to unreliable sources or data, which can lead to misunderstandings of subjects if they are not guided by teachers. Besides, too much Internet use can limit the development of social skills, which may lead to isolation (孤立). Moreover, the digital divide remains a major concern, as not all students have equal access to the Internet or appropriate devices, which may create educational inequalities. So some students may be left behind if effective solutions are not adopted. Faced with these challenges, schools using technology as their teaching tools must ensure that technology use does not shut any students out and that they provide special monitoring to help learners benefit from technology “without getting lost along the way”. 1．What does the underlined word “footprint” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Device. B．Influence. C．Opportunity. D．Limitation. 2．How does the Internet encourage students to study? A．By allowing them to study at home. B．By offering new science subjects at school. C．By providing sufficient learning resources. D．By replacing traditional classroom teaching. 3．What might students’ heavy reliance on the Internet lead to? A．Less social contact. B．Educational inequalities. C．Having no respect for teachers. D．Raising doubts about data online. 4．Which one could be the best title of the text? A．Digital divide in education: a major concern B．Digital learning: a global classroom revolution C．The Internet: both a teaching tool and a source D．The Internet in education: benefits and challenges Passage 2 （24-25高一下·浙江省S9联盟·期中） Can a robot help speed up Christmas deliveries? The city of Helsinki is finding out. A trial in Finland’s capital is using a delivery robot in two neighborhoods to see if this new, self-driving and pollution-free method could help with the holiday stress. The HeRo robot that is being tested, is a project of Forum Virium, an innovative Finnish company. The trial will be running through the end of December 2023. The goal is to show how packages can be quickly delivered to people’s homes with great accuracy even during the holiday season. HeRo is not just a delivery robot, it’s electric and operates without any dangerous emissions, plus it is self-navigating (导航) and talks. The delivery robot was made by the French robotics firm TwinswHeel and uses an interface created by the Finnish company LMAD．The four-wheeled vehicle can carry up to 300 kilograms and can travel up to 20 kilometers on just one charge of its lithium(锂)battery pack. HeRo uses a combination of GPS and onboard sensors(传感器)to run through the city’s streets. HeRo can carry several orders at once. Each order is in a separate locker and customers can open their lockers electronically. In just one hour, the robot delivers packages from a few shops to people in the Ruoholahti and North Jätkäsaari areas. No other delivery service is as fast or as clean. This isn’t HeRo’s first appearance on Helsinki streets. From May to August 2023, there was a first phase trial. It carried packages from Würth Center (a place that gives tools and supplies for industry) to nearby workplaces. These trials are part of the international URBANE project. The project wants to find new, green ways to make logistics better for both companies and people. Soon, there will be new trials in cities in Spain and Greece. Using self-driving robots for zero-emission delivery is an idea that should be used all over the world. 1．What is the purpose of the trial in Helsinki? A．To see if robots can replace human delivery workers. B．To find out if robots can speed up Christmas deliveries. C．To test if robots can reduce pollution during Christmas. D．To check if robots can improve the accuracy of deliveries. 2．Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the HeRo robot? A．It is self-navigating. B．It has onboard sensors. C．It can carry up to 300 kilograms. D．It can travel unlimited distances on one charge. 3．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．New trials will be expanded to other cities. B．The URBANE project only focuses on Helsinki. C．Zero emission delivery is already widely applied. D．The HeRo robot has been on the streets of Helsinki only once. 4．What’s the best title for the text? A．Pollution-free Method Proves Popular B．Robots Are Helping to Deliver Packages C．A Delivery Robot Improves Service Quality D．Helsinki Takes the Lead in Holiday Deliveries 主题03 人与社会——社会生活与人际沟通 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·浙江省杭州市上城区杭二东河·期中） When Holly Ford walked past a long-disused phone box in her home village of Cladich in 2017, an idea began to form, which combined her love of baking with a new use for the box ignored by almost everyone. Holly got permission from the community council to use the call box. “Nobody told us it wouldn’t work, but we did get a few locals who thought people would just help themselves to cakes without paying.” These concerns proved to be wholly unfounded. The honesty box, which is located next to the bread, cookies, lemon drizzle cakes, jams, eggs and candles, has always been used correctly by customers, claims Holly, with the box remaining entirely unstaffed. “It’s a surprisingly busy road for traffic in the summer,” Holly remarks, “and we do get quite a few notes that people leave for us saying how much they like the idea.” Only open during the summer months, Holly has turned the box into layers of shelves for her cakes and other local produce. Able to make close to £100 a day in peak summer months, she also runs regular charity bakes in the community. “I’m not sure the honesty box approach would work in a more urban area,” she tells me. “but for where we live it’s surprisingly easy to make something like this happen. It’s really important to put in the work on social media and to keep your self-belief in the idea.” Holly is able to judge which cakes most tickle the taste of passing travelers with a sweet tooth. “The brownies are the most popular, always.” she tells me, “I do like expanding the range. The only thing is that I can’t get them to rise at the moment! Maybe next summer they’ll be in the box!” 1．Why is the box beside the cakes called “the honesty box” A．Because Holly is an honest and reliable cake maker. B．Because customers use it properly with no salesman. C．Because the cakes and local produce are safe to buy and eat. D．Because Holly has gained official permission for her business. 2．Which word best describes customers’ attitude towards(Holly’s call box) A．Doubtful. B．Objective C．Tolerant. D．Favourable. 3．What does the underlined word “tickle” mean in the last paragraph? A．Satisfy. B．Affect. C．Develop. D．Change. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Way to Expand Business B．A Profitable Summer Dealing C．A New Life of a Phone Box D．A Reliable Call Box Cake Maker Passage 2 （24-25高一下·浙江省宁波市·期中） Do we really know our best friends? I like my close friends a lot, and yet, on an almost daily basis, they shocked me. I have a friend who thinks voting is a waste of time; I have another friend who never takes any arrangement to meet at a given time and place seriously. It’s generally held that friends are people with whom we choose to develop relationships because we find their personalities agreeable, or similar to our own, and yet experience regularly contradicts this. What is a friend, really? All that one can safely say is that a friend is someone one likes and wishes to see again. The truth is that we don’t know our friends. Numerous studies show that we tend to assume our friends agree with us more than they really do. The striking part is that the problem doesn’t appear to lessen as a friendship deepens. When the researchers Michael Gill and Bill Swann questioned students sharing rooms, they found that, as time passed,people became even more confident in the accuracy of their judgments about the other, and yet, in reality, the judgments grew no more accurate. Two people might become dear friends, yet remain ignorant about vast areas of each other’s inner lives. This seems strange, until you consider, that many-of the benefits that friendship provides don’t necessarily depend on perfect familiarity; they come from something closer to reliability. Friendahip may be less about being drawn to someone’s personality than about finding someone willing to keep you company, or lend an ear. A friend provides the “social-identity support” we desire. You needn’t be a close match with someone, nor deeply familiar with their mind. And once a friendship has begun, you want to like it, if only to confirm that you made the right decision. We don’t want to know everything about our friends. We don’t base friendships on what we learn about people; we decide what to learn about people, and what to ignore, based on having decided to be friends. Perhaps there’s something moving about viewing friendship as an agreement to keep each other company, ignore each other’s faults and not probe (刨根问底) too deeply in ways that might weaken the friendship. Perhaps a true friend is someone who doesn’t ask many awkward questions. 1．Why does the author tell the stories of his two friends in the first paragraph? A．To provide background information. B．To introduce the topic of the passage. C．To stress the importance of friendship. D．To show the difference between friends. 2．The underlined word “they” in Paragraph 4 refers to ______ . A．friendships B．strangers C．researchers D．benefits 3．It can be concluded from the passage that ______ . A．close friends usually know each other in depth B．real friends are people you like but don’t wish to see often C．we do not necessarily share personalities with close friends D．the longer we stay with friends, the more accurately we judge them 4．Which statement about friends will the author probably accept? A．Stay friends but keep a distance. B．It takes a long time to grow an old friend. C．Real friends will tell you when your face is dirty. D．True friends know all about you and still like you. 主题04 人与自我——生活与学习 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·江苏省无锡市江阴市江阴六校·期中） To early childhood educator Erika Christakis, schooling and learning are two different things. According to one study she cites in her well-researched book, The Importance of Being Little 25% of Los Angeles kindergarteners were allowed no time at all for free play. Three and four-year-olds can make discoveries for themselves if given the mental space to do so and freed from typical overplanned activities. But too often teachers themselves are managed by higher-ups (with too much attention to details), expected to hew to fixed lesson plans, and given little flexibility. Some say they have little time to bond with their students. “Kids are being too much talked at rather than listened to.” This “crushes (毁坏)” their curiosity. In America, reading, writing, and the cognitive (认知的) demands that have been traditionally introduced in second or third grades have been pushed forward to preschools — to 3-year-olds “who lack the motor skills and attention span (持续时间) to be successful.” Christakis argues that forcing academic rigor (严格) at such an early age has led preschoolers to do worse, not better. She admires the philosophies of Waldorf and Steiner schools, which teach young children handiwork such as weaving or woodwork “as part of an imaginative and story-driven curriculum (课程).” They have nature outings for children aged three to six. They sleep in tents with only their teachers and other children (no texting nor parents allowed everywhere near for days). They learn from nature and everyday experience, invent their own games, choose their own playmates, and settle their own conflicts. They learn to dress themselves, make meals, and help one another. At night they sing around a campfire. Here at home, early education in Christakis’s telling seems to have been overtaken by well-intentioned politicians who don’t understand the first thing about how children actually learn. Alphabets, slogans, and rhymes on the walls are too much for “young children when they can’t even yet read.” Students need less “desk work” and vocabulary drills, she says, and more talking with and listening to adults who “invite the child to be reflective.” 1．Which of the following best explains “hew to” underlined in paragraph 1? A．Give up. B．Break up. C．Contribute to. D．Stick to. 2．What is Erika Christakis’s opinion on American preschool education? A．It focuses too much on traditional subjects. B．It negatively affects children’s development. C．It fails to teach children reading and writing skills. D．It is disconnected from the reality of primary schools. 3．What does paragraph 3 tell us about Waldorf and Steiner schools? A．They disallow texting in the classrooms. B．Their communication with parents is effective. C．They advocate an outdoor learning environment. D．Their courses rely heavily on teacher involvement. 4．What do children actually need according to Erika Christakis? A．Inspiring conversations. B．Appropriate learning resources. C．Repetitive reading exercises. D．Quality family time. 5．What is the main idea of this passage? A．Early education should stress structured academic lessons. B．Preschool policies are overly influenced by politicians. C．Nature-based activities are key to child development. D．Early education should stress play and exploration. Passage 2 （24-25高一下·浙江省宁波中学·期中） Some writers use idioms to “add color” to their writing, while others keep their text as simple as possible. In fact, while idioms may make your work appear confusing, using them correctly can explain the message and attract readers. Including idioms in your writing is an effective way to make your work more creative. For example, if you are writing a text about money planning, you could say: “You should save your money.” Or, you can use an idiom such as “A penny saved is a penny earned.” Idioms can also add humor to your writing in places where you may otherwise seem rude. For example, rather than writing about a character who is not smart, you could say “the lights are on, but nobody’s home.” The idiom tends to be softer and somewhat less impolite. There are a number of idioms that can make a boring text more impressive. Are you trying to show that you agree with someone? Perhaps you could say that you “see eye to eye.” Does this happen very rarely? Maybe it happens “once in a blue moon?” Keep the list of idioms handy as you write so you can draw from that list and include the sayings in your writing where appropriate. Be careful not to “overdo” it. Too many idioms can be upset. Also, be sure that you know the correct meaning of the idiom before you use it in your writing. Not using it in the right context can confuse readers and cause some of them to lose interest in your work. It is easier than you think to introduce idioms into your writing. Once you get familiar with a list of common idioms, you’ll discover that getting them on paper is “a piece of cake”. 1．Why do some writers use idioms in their writing? A．Idioms can make their work formal. B．Writers want to use various writing ways. C．Idioms can make their work attractive. D．Writings can read easier. 2．What can we learn from the last two paragraphs? A．Practice makes perfect. B．Great minds think alike. C．Well begun is half done. D．Learn to walk before you run. 3．What does the underlined word probably mean? A．Factual. B．Suitable. C．Difficult. D．Comfortable. 4．What’s the aim of the passage? A．To explain idioms’ meanings in writing. B．To encourage proper idioms in writing. C．To introduce more idioms to readers. D．To solve problems about idiom use. 主题05 人与自然——自然与文化融合 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·浙江省五湖联盟·期中） Moving house is a big and emotional business. So when a whole group of Asian elephants made a historic move from Melbourne to Werribee this week, they shared a moving reunion as they explored their new world-class habitat for the first time. The elephants trumpeted (吼叫) as they appeared from their air-conditioned trucks to take their first steps in their new home. They also touched each other and moved their ears, showing excitement and a strong social connection. The elephants wasted no time getting acquainted with their new playgrounds. Werribee Open Range Zoo zookeeper Lucy Truelson said it was inspiring to see the elephants explore their new habitat, following years of careful planning to reach this groundbreaking moment. “They are celebrating and really enjoying their new surroundings,” Ms Truelson said. “They’re playing, exploring the landscape and they’ve slept beautifully. All these things show us that they’re happy. This is everything we hoped for.” The elephant path is designed to put animal benefit first with an unmatched visitor experience. There are six large habitats with playgrounds. The area is the same size as Melbourne Zoo’s full footprint. It also includes two big pools that together hold nearly two million liters of water and offer about 1,300 square meters of swimming space. Two specially designed elephant barns include a sleeping area filled with 3,300 tonnes of sand. Two overpasses will allow the elephants to cross over visitor walking paths, allowing the elephants to move between habitats. With the elephants’ benefit the top thing for keepers, Ms Truelson was sure that visitors will have to wait a few more weeks. Werribee has never before had so many elephants in its 41-year history and making it happen was a huge job including a 21-person keeper team. 1．How does Lucy Truelson feel about the move? A．Concerned. B．Disappointed. C．Satisfied. D．Confused. 2．What does the underlined word “acquainted” in paragraph 1 probably mean? A．Familiar. B．Addicted. C．Affected. D．Content. 3．What does paragraph 3 mainly tell us about these elephants? A．Means of transporting them. B．Advantages of their new home. C．Challenges faced by them. D．Their experience with visitors. 4．Why do visitors have to wait? A．The elephants need to be trained. B．The elephants fear to see visitors. C．The zoo will give visitors a big surprise. D．The zoo has to make full preparations. Passage 2 （24-25高一下·浙江省杭州市拱墅区杭州第十一中学·期中） Australia officially listed koalas across its eastern coast as “endangered” on Friday. Conservationists (自然环境保护者) said koala populations had crashed in much of eastern Australia over the past two decades, warning that they were now sliding towards extinction. The koala, a globally recognized symbol of Australia’s unique wildlife, had been listed as “vulnerable (易危)”  on the eastern coast just a decade earlier. “We are taking unprecedented (史无前例的) action to protect the koala,” the Minister of Environment, Sussan Ley said, highlighting a recent government promise of Aus$50 million to protect and recover koala habitats. Environmentalists welcomed the koalas’ new status (地位) but blamed Australia’s failure to protect the species so far. “Koalas have gone from no-listing to vulnerable to endangered within a decade. That is a shockingly fast decline,” said WWF-Australia conservation scientist Stuart Blanch. “Today’s decision is welcome, but it won’t stop koalas from sliding towards extinction unless it’s accompanied by stronger laws to protect their forest homes.” Alexia Wellbelove of the Humane Society International said east coast koalas could be extinct by 2050 if no action was taken. “We can’t afford any more clearing,” she said. “The extinction of koalas does not have to happen,” she added, “we must stop allowing their homes to be cleared for mines, new houses, agricultural projects and industrial logging (伐木).” Australia’s koalas had been living on a “knife edge” even before the “Black Summer” bushfires of 2019-2020 because of land-clearing, drought, disease, car strikes and dog attacks, said Josey Sharrad, wildlife campaign manager at the International Fund for Animal Welfare. “We should never have allowed things to get to the point where we are at risk of losing a national icon (象征),” Sharrad said, “The bushfires were the final straw. This must be a wake-up call to Australia and the government to move much faster to protect critical habitat from development and land-clearing, and seriously deal with the influences of climate change.” 1．What is the problem mentioned in Para 1? A．Koala populations have increased quickly. B．Koalas enjoy too much popularity in Australia. C．Koalas get crushed by other animals. D．Koalas are at risk of extinction. 2．Why did environmentalists welcome the koala’s new status? A．This would stop koalas from extinction. B．They could blame the government’s failure. C．This could lead to stronger action to protect koalas. D．They may have time to recover koala habitats. 3．How does the author prove his idea? A．By making a comparison. B．By analyzing figures. C．By doing a survey. D．By quoting environmentalists’ words. 4．What’s the purpose of this text? A．To call on people to protect Koala. B．To show the causes of Koalas’ disappearance. C．To show Koalas’ important statue. D．To present environmentalists’ words. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $