内容正文:
专题02 必修第三册Units1 ~3单元词汇短语句型梳理
Unit 1Festivals and Celebrations
重点单词及变形
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celebrate → (n.) 庆祝
congratulate → (n.) 祝贺
origin → (adj.) 原始的;起初的
religion → (adj.) 宗教的
tradition → (adj.) 传统的
decorate → (n.) 装饰
significant → (n.) 重要性
commercial → (v.) 商业化 → (n.) 商业化
believe → (n.) 信仰;相信
represent → (n.) 代表;( adj.) 有代表性的
typical → (adv.) 典型地
respect → (adj.) 受尊敬的; ( adj.) 表示尊敬的; ( adj.) 值得尊敬的
gather → (n.) 聚集;集会
joy → (adj.) 快乐的
admire → (n.) 钦佩;羡慕
重点单词用法精萃
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学科网(北京)股份有限公司
1.celebrate v. 庆祝
用法: 庆祝某事(后接节日、事件等,不接人)
辨析:celebrate 接事;congratulate 接人(congratulate sb. on sth.)
2. congratulation n. 祝贺
用法: 因某事向某人祝贺
注意:常用复数形式
3. origin n. 起源;起因
搭配: ……的起源
派生: adj. 起初的;原创的
4. religious adj. 宗教的
搭配: 宗教信仰; 宗教活动
派生: n. 宗教
5. tradition n. 传统
搭配: 按照传统; 保持传统
派生: adj. 传统的
6. decorate v. 装饰
用法: 用……装饰……
派生: n. 装饰; adj. 装饰性的
7. significant adj. 重要的;有意义的
用法: 对……重要
派生: n. 重要性;意义
8. commercial adj. 商业的
用法: 商业价值
派生: v. 商业化; n. 商业化
9. believe v. 相信
用法: 信仰;信任
派生: n. 信仰;信念(复数:beliefs)
10. represent v. 代表;象征
用法: 代表某人/某物
派生: n. 代表,adj. 有代表性的
11. typical adj. 典型的
用法: 是……的典型特征
派生: adv. 典型地
12. respect n./v. 尊重
用法: 因某事尊重某人; 对……表示尊重
派生: adj. 受尊敬的; adj. 恭敬的; adj. 值得尊敬的
13. gather v. 聚集;收集
用法: 聚集在一起
派生: n. 集会
14. joy n. 欢乐
搭配: 使某人高兴的是
派生: adj. 快乐的
15. admire v. 钦佩;欣赏
用法: 因某事钦佩某人
派生: n. 钦佩; adj. 值得钦佩的
必背短语
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学科网(北京)股份有限公司
盛装打扮;装扮
打扮成……
化装服
为了纪念
为了纪念;向……表示敬意
期盼;期待(to为介词)
参加(活动)
参加(正式)
聚会;聚集
玩
重点句型
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学科网(北京)股份有限公司
一、让步状语从句
句型结构: no matter how + adj./adv. + 主语 + 谓语
教材原文: However, no matter how different they may seem, all over the world, the spirit of sharing joy, gratitude, love, or peace is common in all festivals.
汉语翻译: 然而,无论它们多么迥异,在世界各地,分享快乐、感恩、友爱或和平的精神存在于所有节日之中。
二、时间状语从句
句型结构: after引导时间状语从句
教材原文: This important agricultural festival takes place after all the crops have been gathered in. -3-4
汉语翻译: 这一重大的农业节日在所有农作物收成后来临。
句型结构: while引导时间状语从句
教材原文: While she was on earth she met the herd boy Niulang and they fell in love.
汉语翻译: 她在人间时遇到了放牛郎牛郎,他们相爱了。
三、定语从句
句型结构: when引导的定语从句(修饰时间名词)
教材原文: It is now a children's festival, when they can dress up and go to their neighbours‘ homes to ask for sweets.
汉语翻译: 它现在是一个儿童节,在这天孩子们可以盛装打扮去邻居家要糖果。
句型结构: which引导的非限制性定语从句
教材原文: Some Western countries have very exciting carnivals, which take place forty days before Easter, usually in February.
汉语翻译: 一些西方国家有非常激动人心的狂欢节,通常在二月举行,即在复活节前的四十天。
句型结构: who引导的定语从句
教材原文: India has a national festival on October 2 to honour Mohandas Gandhi, the leader who helped gain India’s independence from Britain.
汉语翻译: 印度在10月2日有一个全国性节日,纪念莫罕达斯·甘地——这位帮助印度脱离英国获得独立的领袖。
句型结构: that引导的定语从句
教材原文: The most energetic and important festivals are the ones that look forward to the end of winter and to the coming of spring.
汉语翻译: 最富有生气而又最重要的节日,就是告别冬天、迎来春天的日子。
四、主语从句
句型结构: It + be + adj. + that从句
教材原文: It was obvious that the manager of the coffee shop was waiting for Li Fang to leave.
汉语翻译: 很明显,咖啡馆的经理在等李方离开。
句型结构: It + be + 过去分词 + that从句
教材原文: It is believed that the moon is at its brightest on the night of the Mid-Autumn Festival.
汉语翻译: 人们相信中秋节晚上的月亮是最亮的。
五、条件状语从句
句型结构: if引导真实条件句
教材原文: If the neighbours do not give any sweets, the children might play a trick on them.
汉语翻译: 如果邻居不给糖果,孩子们可能会捉弄他们。
六、方式状语从句
句型结构: as if / as though引导方式状语从句(常用虚拟语气)
教材原文: The country, covered with cherry tree flowers, looks as though it is covered with pink snow.
汉语翻译: 整个国家被樱花覆盖,看起来仿佛覆盖着粉红色的雪。
教材原文: After singing some songs, the competitors danced onto the green field, waving their arms in the air as if they were eagles.
汉语翻译: 在唱了几首歌之后,参赛者们在绿地上跳舞,像老鹰一样在空中挥舞手臂。
七、宾语从句
句型结构: that引导的宾语从句
教材原文: People celebrate to show that they are grateful for the year’s supply of food.
汉语翻译: 人们举行庆祝活动,以展示他们对这一年收获的食物表达感恩。
教材原文: People in China hope that the weather will be fine on that day.
汉语翻译: 中国人希望那天的天气晴朗。
句型结构: because引导的表语从句
教材原文: I heard it is because children are lighter and the horses can run faster and farther.
汉语翻译: 我听说是因为孩子们更轻,马跑得更快更远。
八、状语从句省略
句型结构: as if + 分词短语(省略主语和be动词)
教材原文: He opens up his mouth as if to speak something.
汉语翻译: 他张开嘴,好像要说什么。
九、过去分词短语作定语
句型结构: 名词 + 过去分词短语
教材原文: The country, covered with cherry tree flowers, looks as though it is covered with pink snow.
汉语翻译: 整个国家被樱花覆盖,看起来仿佛覆盖着粉红色的雪。
十、并列结构
句型结构: some …, some …, and some …
教材原文: Today’s festivals have many origins, some religious, some seasonal, and some for special people or events.
汉语翻译: 现在的节日有很多由来,一些是宗教上的,一些是季节性的,一些是纪念特殊的人和事件的。
语法梳理
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学科网(北京)股份有限公司
一、动词-ing形式作宾语
动词的-ing形式作宾语时,通常放在及物动词或介词之后,表示一般性或抽象的动作。
1. 作动词宾语
有些动词后面只能接-ing形式作宾语,不能接不定式。常见动词有:avoid, admit, appreciate, consider, delay, enjoy, finish, imagine, keep, mind, miss, practise, resist, risk, suggest 等。
教材原句:
They enjoy spending time together as a family.(他们喜欢全家人共度时光。)
教材原句:The festival involves dressing up in colourful clothes.(这个节日包括穿上色彩鲜艳的服装。)
2. 作介词宾语
动词-ing形式常置于介词之后,构成介词短语。
教材原句:
People celebrate the harvest by decorating their homes with flowers.
(人们通过用鲜花装饰房屋来庆祝丰收。)
教材原句:He left without saying a word.(他一言不发地离开了。)
3. 固定结构中的宾语
教材原句:
Many people look forward to watching the Spring Festival Gala on New Year’s Eve.
(许多人期待在除夕观看春节联欢晚会。)
注意:look forward to中的to是介词,后面需接名词或-ing形式,而非动词原形。
二、动词-ing形式作表语
动词的-ing形式作表语时,位于系动词(如be, seem, look, remain等)之后,用于说明主语的内容或特征。
1. 说明主语的具体内容
此时主语与表语可以互换位置,语义不变,-ing形式接近名词的用法。
教材原句:
Her job is taking care of the children during the festival.(她的工作是在节日期间照看孩子们。)
The most important thing is gathering together with family members.(最重要的事是与家人团聚。)
2. 说明主语的特征
此时-ing形式具有形容词性质,表示“令人……的”,主语常为事物。
教材原句:
The carnival was exciting, with music and dancing everywhere.(狂欢节令人兴奋,到处都是音乐和舞蹈。)
The story of the lovers was touching.(这对恋人的故事令人感动。)
三、易混淆点提醒
1. 动名词与不定式作宾语的区别
部分动词后既可接-ing形式也可接不定式,但含义不同。如:
remember doing 记得做过某事 / remember to do 记得要做某事
forget doing 忘记做过某事 / forget to do 忘记要做某事
try doing 尝试做 / try to do 设法做
2. 动名词与现在分词作表语的区别
作表语时,若-ing形式说明主语的内容(主语与表语可互换),则为动名词;若表示主语的特征(意为“令人……”),则为现在分词,相当于形容词。
单元写作
一、单元写作任务
本单元的写作任务是 “写一个节日或庆祝活动的描述” (Write about a festival or celebration)。
写作要求:
介绍某个节日的时间、由来、庆祝方式
描述节日期间的活动、习俗、氛围
表达该节日的意义或个人感受
二、写作通用表达
1. 开篇句型(介绍节日名称和时间)
… is one of the most important traditional festivals in China.
… falls on / takes place on the fifteenth day of the first lunar month.
… is celebrated on the first day of the first lunar month.
There are many festivals in China, among which … is my favourite.
2. 介绍节日由来(历史与传说)
… dates back to / originates from the Tang Dynasty.
According to legend / tradition, …
It is believed that the festival was first celebrated in memory of …
… is celebrated in honour of a famous poet in ancient China.
3. 描述庆祝活动(习俗与方式)
During the festival, people usually …
Common activities include …, … and … .
It is customary for people to … on this day.
Families gather together to enjoy a big feast / watch the fireworks / admire the full moon.
People dress up in traditional costumes and take part in various celebrations.
4. 表达意义与感受(情感升华)
The festival is a time for family reunion and expressing gratitude.
It reflects the rich cultural heritage of the Chinese nation.
… carries people’s best wishes for the coming year.
What impresses me most is the atmosphere of joy and togetherness.
5. 结尾句型
In conclusion, … is not only a time for celebration but also a reminder of our traditions.
I truly enjoy the festival and look forward to it every year.
三、范文背诵
Unit 2 Morals and Virtues
重点单词变形
1. marry v. 结婚;嫁;娶 n. 结婚;婚姻 adj. 已婚的
2. complain v. 抱怨;发牢骚 n. 抱怨;投诉
3. operate v. 做手术;操作 n. 手术;操作
4. appoint v. 任命;指定 n. 任命;约会
5. retire v. 退休;退职 n. 退休
6. respond v. 回答;回应 n. 回答;回应
7. reject v. 拒绝;抛弃 n. 拒绝;抛弃
8. apply v. 申请;应用 n. 申请;应用
9. admit v. 接纳;承认 n. 接纳;承认
10. choose v. 选择 n. 选择
11. assist v. 帮助;协助 n. 帮助;援助
12. contribute v. 贡献;捐献 n. 贡献;捐款
13. scare v. 使害怕 adj. 害怕的 adj. 吓人的
14. confuse v. 使迷惑 adj. 困惑的 adj. 令人困惑的
15. tire v. 使疲倦 adj. 疲倦的 adj. 令人疲倦的
16. disappoint v. 使失望 adj. 失望的 adj. 令人失望的
17. stress v. 强调 n. 压力 adj. 紧张的 adj. 压力重的
18. virtue n. 美德 adj. 有道德的;品德高尚的
19. morality n. 道德 adj. 道德的
20. profession n. 职业;专业 adj. 职业的;专业的
21. tension n. 紧张 adj. 紧张的
22. importance n. 重要性 adj. 重要的
23. patience n. 耐心 adj. 耐心的
24. significance n. 重要性;意义 adj. 重要的;有意义的
25. harmony n. 和谐 adj. 和谐的
26. experience n. 经验;经历 adj. 有经验的
27. honesty n. 诚实adj. 诚实的 adj. 不诚实的
28. responsibility n. 责任 adj. 负责任的 adj. 不负责任的
29. generosity n. 慷慨 adj. 慷慨的
30. selflessness n. 无私 adj. 无私的 adj. 自私的
31. humility n. 谦逊 adj. 谦逊的
重点单词用法精萃
1. marry v. 结婚;嫁;娶
用法: 嫁给某人/娶某人(不加介词)
搭配: 与某人结婚(be married to sb. 表示状态)
注意:marry 为短暂性动词,与时间段连用时用 be married
2. complain v. 抱怨
用法: 向某人抱怨某事
派生: n. 抱怨;投诉( 对……提出投诉)
3. operate v. 做手术;操作
用法: 给某人做手术; 操作机器
派生: n. 手术;操作( 做手术)
4. appoint v. 任命;指定
用法: 任命某人为……; 指派某人做某事
派生: n. 任命;约会( 预约)
5. retire v. 退休
用法: 从……退休
派生: n. 退休( 退休年龄)
6. respond v. 回答;回应
用法: 对……做出回应
辨析:respond 后接 to;answer 可接人/事直接作宾语
派生: n. 回应( 作为对……的回应)
7. reject v. 拒绝;抛弃
用法: 拒绝某物/某人
辨析:reject 语气强烈,强调拒不接受;refuse 为普通用词;decline 委婉拒绝
派生: n. 拒绝
8. apply v. 申请;应用
用法: 申请(职位、奖学金等); 适用于; 把……应用于……
派生: n. 申请; n. 申请人
9. admit v. 接纳;承认
用法: 承认做过某事; 接纳某人进入……; 被录取/接纳
派生: n. 接纳;承认
10. assist v. 帮助;协助
用法: 在某事上帮助某人; 帮助某人做某事
派生: n. 帮助( 帮助某人); n. 助手
11. contribute v. 贡献;捐献
用法: 为……做贡献;导致;有助于
派生: n. 贡献( 对……做出贡献)
12. moral adj. 道德的 n. 寓意;道德准则
用法: 道德标准; 故事的寓意
派生: n. 道德; adj. 不道德的
13. patient adj. 耐心的 n. 病人
用法: 对某人有耐心; 容忍某事
派生: n. 耐心( 对……有耐心); adj. 不耐烦的
14. significant adj. 重要的;有意义的
用法: 对……重要
派生: n. 重要性( 具有重要意义)
15. responsible adj. 负责任的
用法: 对某事负责
派生: n. 责任( 承担……责任); adj. 不负责任的
16. selfless adj. 无私的
用法: 无私的奉献
派生: n. 无私; adj. 自私的; adv. 自私地
17. harmonious adj. 和谐的
用法: 和谐的关系
派生: n. 和谐( 与……和谐共处)
18. experienced adj. 有经验的
用法: 在……方面有经验
派生: n. 经验(不可数)/ 经历(可数)
19. honest adj. 诚实的
用法:说实话; 对某人诚实
派生:honesty n. 诚实(honesty is the best policy 诚实为上策);dishonest adj. 不诚实的
20. humble adj. 谦逊的
用法: 谦逊的人; 依拙见
派生: n. 谦逊
必背短语
帮助某人渡过难关
坚持完成;进行到底
抚养;养育;提出(话题)
把某人当作……对待
给某人做手术
向某人抱怨某事
对……做出回应
申请
把……应用于……
被接纳;被录取
为……做贡献;有助于;导致
在某事上帮助某人
彻底拒绝某物
重点句型
一、比较级表最高级结构
句型结构: nothing is + 比较级 + than …
教材原文: To a person nothing is more precious than their life, and if they entrust me with that life, how could I refuse that trust, saying I’m cold, hungry, or tired?
汉语翻译: 对一个人来说,没有什么比生命更宝贵。如果这个人把生命交给你,你又怎能说自己冷、饿、累而拒绝这份信任呢?
用法说明: 否定词与比较级连用,表达最高级含义,强调“没有什么比……更……”。
二、if引导的条件状语从句
句型结构: if … + 主句(常用情态动词表语气)
教材原文: To a person nothing is more precious than their life, and if they entrust me with that life, how could I refuse that trust, saying I’m cold, hungry, or tired?
汉语翻译: 对一个人来说,没有什么比生命更宝贵。如果这个人把生命交给你,你又怎能说自己冷、饿、累而拒绝这份信任呢?
三、what引导的主语从句
句型结构: what引导的名词性从句作主语
教材原文: These words of Dr Lin Qiaozhi give us a look into the heart of this amazing woman, and what carried her through a life of hard choices.
汉语翻译: 林巧稚医生的这番话,让我们看到这位伟大女性的内心世界,以及到底是什么支撑着她度过充满艰难抉择的一生。
四、would rather do sth. 结构
句型结构: would rather do sth. 宁愿做某事
教材原文: She responded, “I’d rather stay single to study all my life!”
汉语翻译: 她回答:“我宁愿一辈子不嫁人,也要学医!”
五、动词-ing形式作伴随状语
句型结构: … , doing … (分词短语表示伴随动作)
教材原文: “Why should girls learn so much? Finding a good husband should be their final goal!” her brother complained, thinking of the high tuition fees.
汉语翻译: “女孩子读那么多书干嘛?找个好丈夫才是她们的归宿!”她的兄弟抱怨道,一边想着高昂的学费。
六、动词-ing形式作原因状语
句型结构: Doing …, 主句 (分词短语表示原因)
教材原文: Thinking of all the people still in need of help, Dr Lin opened a private clinic.
汉语翻译: 想到还有那么多人需要帮助,林医生开办了一间私人诊所。
七、be seen doing 结构(感官动词的被动语态)
句型结构: be seen doing sth. 被看到正在做某事
教材原文: At times she was even seen riding a donkey to faraway villages to provide medical care. -4
汉语翻译: 有时,人们甚至会看到她骑着毛驴去偏远的乡村给人看病。
八、动词不定式作后置定语
句型结构: the first / last / only + 名词 + to do sth.
教材原文: She immediately became the first woman ever to be hired as a resident physician in the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital.
汉语翻译: 她随即成为北京协和医学院妇产科有史以来第一位被聘为住院医师的女性。
教材原文: In 1941, Dr Lin became the first Chinese woman ever to be appointed director of the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital.
汉语翻译: 1941年,林医生成为北京协和医院妇产科的首位中国籍女主任。
九、that引导的定语从句
句型结构: … + 名词 + that从句(修饰先行词)
教材原文: Within six months, she was named a chief resident physician, a position that usually took four years to achieve.
汉语翻译: 不到六个月,她就成了住院主任医师,而升任这一职位通常需要四年时间。
十、who引导的非限制性定语从句
句型结构: … , who + 从句(对先行词补充说明)
教材原文: She greatly impressed her American colleagues, who invited her to stay.
汉语翻译: 美国同行对她印象极佳,邀请她留下。
十一、until引导的时间状语从句
句型结构: not … until … 直到……才……
教材原文: Dr Lin did not retire until the day she died, 22 April 1983.
汉语翻译: 林医生直到1983年4月22日去世的那一天才退休。
十二、though引导的让步状语从句
句型结构: Though …, 主句 虽然……,但是……
教材原文: Though Lin Qiaozhi never married, she was known as the “mother of ten thousand babies”, having delivered over 50,000 babies in her lifetime. -4
汉语翻译: 虽然林巧稚终身未婚,但她被称为“万婴之母”,一生中亲手接生的婴儿有五万多名。
十三、as引导的时间状语从句
句型结构: as + 从句 当……时;随着……
教材原文: And even as she lay dying, her final thoughts were for others: “I’m ready to go,” she said. “Don’t try to rescue me any more.” -4
汉语翻译: 临终时,她仍在为别人着想。“我要走了,”她说,“不要再抢救我了。”
十四、having done 作原因状语(分词完成式)
句型结构: Having done …, 主句 (表示动作先于主句发生)
教材原文: Though Lin Qiaozhi never married, she was known as the “mother of ten thousand babies”, having delivered over 50,000 babies in her lifetime.
汉语翻译: 虽然林巧稚终身未婚,但她被称为“万婴之母”,一生中亲手接生的婴儿有五万多名。语法精讲
一、动词-ing形式作定语
动词的-ing形式作定语时,放在名词前或后,表示被修饰名词的用途、性质或正在进行的动作。
1. 单个-ing形式放名词前
表示被修饰名词的用途或特征。
She passed the entrance examination.她通过了入学考试。
She became a leading doctor.她成为了一名首席医生。
2. -ing短语放名词后,相当于一个定语从句。
She was the first woman working in that department.她是第一个在那个科室工作的女性。
动名词作定语表示用途:a swimming pool(游泳池,意为a pool for swimming)
现在分词作定语表示动作:a swimming boy(正在游泳的男孩)
二、动词-ing形式作状语
动词的-ing形式(现在分词)作状语时,表示的动作与主语是主动关系,可以表示时间、原因、结果、伴随、条件、让步等。
1. 作时间状语,相当于时间状语从句。
Thinking of all the people still in need of help, Dr Lin opened a private clinic.
想到还有那么多人需要帮助,林医生开办了一间私人诊所。
2. 作原因状语,相当于原因状语从句。
Being a doctor, she always put her patients first.身为医生,她总是把病人放在第一位。
3. 作伴随状语,表示与谓语动词同时发生的动作,是现在分词最常见的用法。
“Finding a good husband should be their final goal!” her brother complained, thinking of the high tuition fees.
“女孩子读那么多书干嘛?找个好丈夫才是她们的归宿!”她的兄弟抱怨道,一边想着高昂的学费。
4. 作结果状语,表示谓语动词动作所导致的结果。
She worked day and night, leaving little time for herself.她日夜工作,留给自己的时间极少。
5. 作让步状语,相当于让步状语从句。
Knowing all this, she still chose to stay.尽管知道这一切,她仍然选择留下。
6. 作条件状语,相当于条件状语从句。
Working hard, you will succeed.努力工作,你就会成功。
三、动词-ing形式的完成式
当-ing形式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前时,使用完成式:having done。
用法:表示先于谓语动词发生的主动动作,常作状语。
Having delivered over 50,000 babies in her lifetime, she was known as the “mother of ten thousand babies”.
一生中亲手接生了五万多名婴儿,她被称为“万婴之母”。
否定形式:not having done
Not having received any reply, she wrote again.没有收到任何回复,她又写了一封信。
四、动词-ing形式的逻辑主语
动词-ing形式作状语时,其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致。
Walking in the street, I met an old friend.(walking的逻辑主语是I,与句子主语一致)
单元写作
一、单元写作任务
本单元的写作任务是 “写一个关于道德品质或人物故事的文章” (Write about a moral quality or a person’s story)。
写作要求:
描述某人的品德或行为事迹
通过具体事例展现人物的道德品质(如善良、无私、诚实、责任感等)
表达对该人物的评价或从中学到的道理
常见文体: 记叙文、人物介绍、故事叙述
二、写作通用表达
1. 开篇句型(介绍人物或主题)
… is a person I deeply admire / respect.
There is no doubt that … is a man / woman of great virtue.
When it comes to the quality of …, I think of …
… is best known for his / her kindness and selflessness.
2. 描述人物品德
She / He is a person of great kindness / honesty / responsibility.
… is always ready to help others without expecting anything in return.
What makes … admirable is his / her devotion to …
… sets a good example to us all with his / her selfless dedication.
3. 通过事例展现品德
One day, … witnessed / encountered … and immediately …
When …, he / she did not hesitate to …
Although … was faced with great difficulty, he / she still …
I still remember the time when …
4. 表达影响与感悟
What he / she did has deeply impressed me.
From this experience, I have learned that …
His / her story reminds me of the importance of …
… inspires me to become a better person.
5. 结尾句型
In conclusion, … is not only a role model but also a source of inspiration.
I believe that such virtues should be passed down from generation to generation.
It is people like … that make the world a warmer place.
三、范文背诵
Unit 3 Diverse Cultures
重点单词变形
1. diverse adj. 不同的;多种多样的 n. 差异;多样性
2. fortune n. 机会;运气 adj. 幸运的 adv. 幸运地 adj. 不幸的 adv. 不幸地
3. admit v. 承认;准许进入 n. 承认;入场费;进入许可 adj. 公认的
4. definite adj. 明确的;肯定的 adv. 肯定;确实 n. 定义
5. occur v. 发生;出现 (过去式/过去分词) n. 发生;出现的事件
6. history n. 历史 adj. 历史上著名的 adj. (有关)历史的
7. earn v. 挣得;赚得;赢得 n. 收入;薪水
8. immigrate v. 移入;移民 n. (外来)移民 n. 移民入境
9. select v. 选择;挑选 n. 选择;挑选 adj. 选择性的
10. minor adj. 较小的;次要的 n. 少数民族;少数派 adj. 主要的 n. 大多数
11. finance n. 财政;金融 adj. 财政的;金融的
12. poetry n. 诗集;诗歌 n. 诗人 n. 诗
13. poison n. 毒物;毒药 adj. 有毒的
14. collect v. 收集 n. 作品集;收藏品 adj. 集体的
15. settle v. 定居;解决 n. 定居;解决 n. 殖民者;移居者 adj. 稳定的;定居的
16. construct v. 建设;建造 n. 建筑;建造 adj. 有建设性的
17. suit v. 适合 n. 西服adj. 合适的 adj. 不合适的
18. contain v. 包含;容纳 n. 容器
19. fold v. 折叠;包v. 展开;打开
20. seek v. 寻找;寻求 (过去式/过去分词)
重点单词用法精萃
1. diverse adj. 不同的;多种多样的
用法: 多元文化; 与……不同
搭配: n. 差异;多样性( 各种各样的)
2. fortune n. 机会;运气;财产
用法: 发财; 寻找成功之路; 碰运气
派生: adj. 幸运的; adv. 幸运地; adv. 不幸地
3. admit v. 承认;准许进入
用法: 承认做过某事; 允许某人进入; 被录取/接纳
辨析: 强调“勉强承认”; 强调“坦白认罪”
派生: n. 承认;入场费
4. definite adj. 明确的;肯定的
用法: 明确的答复; 肯定……
派生: adv. 肯定地;一定地(用于加强语气)
辨析: 指“明确无疑”; 指“具体详细”
5. occur v. 发生;出现
用法: 某人突然想到某事; 某人突然想到……
注意:occur 没有被动语态,过去式和过去分词为 occurred,现在分词为 occurring
辨析:occur 较正式;happen 普通用词;take place 指有计划发生
6. historic adj. 历史上著名的;有历史意义的
辨析: 指“具有历史意义的”; 指“与历史有关的”
例句: 历史性事件; 历史研究
7. earn v. 挣得;赚得;赢得
用法: 谋生; 赚钱; 赢得尊重
派生: n. 收入(常用复数)
8. immigrant n. (外来)移民
辨析: 指“移入他国的移民”; 指“移出本国的移民”; 指“流动者(包括移民工、候鸟等)”
派生: v. 移入; n. 移民入境
9. select v. 选择;挑选
用法: 选……作为……; 挑选某人做某事
辨析:select 强调“精心挑选”;choose 普通用词;pick 口语常用
派生: n. 选择; adj. 选择性的
10. minority n. 少数民族;少数派
用法: 占少数(反义: 占多数)
派生: adj. 较小的;次要的
11. financial adj. 财政的;金融的
用法: 经济支持; 金融危机
派生: n. 财政;金融
12. collection n. 作品集;收藏品;收集
用法: 一批……; 收藏的……
派生: v. 收集; adj. 集体的
13. settle v. 定居;解决
用法: 定居; 安顿下来;适应(新环境); 解决问题
派生: n. 定居;解决; n. 殖民者;移居者
14. construction n. 建筑;建造
用法: 正在建设中
派生: v. 建设;建造; adj. 有建设性的
15. suit v. 适合 n. 西服
用法: 适合某人; 使……适合……
辨析:suit 指“合乎需要”;fit 指“大小尺寸合适”;match 指“相配”
派生: adj. 合适的( 适合)
16. contain v. 包含;容纳
辨析:contain 指“包含内容或成分”;include 指“包括整体中的一部分”
派生: n. 容器
17. seek v. 寻找;寻求
用法: 寻找; 试图做某事
注意:过去式和过去分词均为 sought
必背短语
朝……方向走;前往
寻找成功之路;谋生
谋生
定居;安顿下来
求助于;翻到(某页)
声称做某事
花费时间做某事
盈利
引起;导致
适应
重点句型
一、what引导的感叹句
句型结构: What + a/an + adj. + 名词 + 主语 + 谓语!
教材原文: And what a city—a city that was able to rebuild itself after the earthquake that occurred in 1906.
汉语翻译: 多么神奇的一座城市啊——一座在1906年大地震后重建的城市。
用法说明: what引导的感叹句强调名词,此处what a city后省略了it is,属于口语化表达。
二、that引导的定语从句
句型结构: 先行词 + that从句(定语从句中再嵌套定语从句)
教材原文: And what a city—a city that was able to rebuild itself after the earthquake that occurred in 1906.
汉语翻译: 多么神奇的一座城市啊——一座在1906年大地震后重建的城市。
用法说明: 第一个that引导定语从句修饰city,第二个that引导定语从句修饰earthquake,形成定语从句的嵌套结构。
三、独立主格结构
句型结构: 名词/代词 + 现在分词短语
教材原文: There are so many beautiful old buildings—many sitting on top of big hills, offering great views of the city, the ocean, and the Golden Gate Bridge.
汉语翻译: 这里有众多美丽的古建筑——不少坐落于大山之巅,城市、大海和金门大桥美景尽收眼底。
用法说明: “many sitting…”是独立主格结构,作伴随状语,对主句进行补充说明。
四、现在分词短语作伴随状语
句型结构: 主句,+ doing …(分词短语表示与谓语同时发生的动作)
教材原文: I walked around looking at the street art for a few hours.
汉语翻译: 一连好几个小时,我四处走着,欣赏街头艺术。
用法说明: looking at the street art作伴随状语,与walked around同时发生。
五、现在分词短语作后置定语
句型结构: 名词 + doing短语(与被修饰名词构成主动关系)
教材原文: Many of the people living here are from Mexico or Central America.
汉语翻译: 这里的许多居民来自墨西哥或中美洲。
用法说明: living here作后置定语修饰people,相当于who live here。
六、过去分词短语作后置定语
句型结构: 名词 + done短语(与被修饰名词构成被动关系)
教材原文: In fact, an art movement called the “Mission School” started here.
汉语翻译: 事实上,一场名为“教会派”的艺术运动就发源于此。
用法说明: called the “Mission School”作后置定语修饰movement,相当于which was called…。
七、which引导的非限制性定语从句
句型结构: …,which + 从句(which指代前面整个分句的内容)
教材原文: In the same year, gold was discovered near San Francisco, which started a gold rush.
汉语翻译: 同年,旧金山附近发现黄金,这引发了淘金热。
用法说明: which指代前面“发现黄金”这件事,在从句中作主语。
八、动词不定式作目的状语
句型结构: To do …, 主句(表示目的)
教材原文: To earn a living, some opened up shops and restaurants in Chinatown.
汉语翻译: 为了谋生,有些人在唐人街开商店、开餐馆。
用法说明: To earn a living作目的状语,置于句首起强调作用。
九、when引导的时间状语从句
句型结构: When + 从句, 主句
教材原文: When these immigrants left their countries, they carried a bit of home in their hearts, and built a new home here.
汉语翻译: 这些移民离开他们的祖国时,心中装着一片故土,最终在这里建立了新家园。
十、动词-ing形式作状语(省略结构)
句型结构: When/While + doing …, 主句(状语从句的省略)
教材原文: When taking notes, just write down the key words, such as names, dates, and numbers.
汉语翻译: 记笔记时,只需写下关键词,如姓名、日期和数字。
用法说明: 当状语从句的主语与主句主语一致且含有be动词时,可省略主语和be动词。此处When taking notes = When you are taking notes。
十一、It is likely that… 句型
句型结构: It is likely that … 很可能……
教材原文: It is likely that Native Americans moved to California at least fifteen thousand years ago.
汉语翻译: 很可能美洲土著人至少在15000年前就搬到加利福尼亚去了。-10
用法说明: It作形式主语,that引导的主语从句是真正主语。同义表达:Sb./Sth. is likely to do sth.
十二、动词不定式作后置定语
句型结构: 名词 + to do(表示尚未发生的动作)
教材原文: There were so many cafés and restaurants to choose from.
汉语翻译: 这里有很多不错的咖啡馆和餐馆可供选择。-8
十三、there be句型
句型结构: There be + 名词 + 修饰成分
教材原文: There are so many beautiful old buildings—many sitting on top of big hills…
汉语翻译: 这里有众多美丽的古建筑——不少坐落于大山之巅……-8
十四、省略句
句型结构: 省略主语和谓语,保留关键信息
教材原文: Can’t wait!
汉语翻译: 我已经迫不及待了!
用法说明: 完整形式为I can’t wait to go there!,口语中常省略。
语法精讲
本单元重点语法为省略句,即在英语表达中为避免重复、突出关键信息或使句子结构更紧凑,省略句子中的一个或多个成分。省略后的句子仍然保持原意,且语法正确。
一、省略的基本原则
省略通常发生在以下情况:
省略的成分可以从上下文推断出来
省略后不引起歧义
常见于并列句、状语从句、口语表达中
二、并列句中的省略
在并列句中,后一分句中与前面相同的成分可以省略。
1. 省略相同的主语
He went to the museum and she went to the park.
→ He went to the museum and she to the park.
2. 省略相同的谓语动词
Some came from Mexico, and others came from Central America.
→ Some came from Mexico, and others from Central America.
3. 省略相同的宾语或表语
He is a doctor, and his wife is a teacher.
→ He is a doctor, and his wife a teacher.
三、状语从句中的省略
在时间、条件、让步、方式等状语从句中,当从句的主语与主句主语一致,且从句谓语包含be动词时,可以省略“主语 + be”。
1. 时间状语从句
When (you are) in San Francisco, don’t miss the Golden Gate Bridge.在旧金山时,不要错过金门大桥。
While (I was) walking around the city, I met a local artist.在城里四处走动时,我遇到了一位当地艺术家。
2. 条件状语从句
If (it is) necessary, you can take a guided tour.如有必要,你可以参加有导游的游览。
Unless (I am) invited, I won’t go to the party.除非被邀请,否则我不会去那个派对。
3. 让步状语从句
Though (he was) tired, he kept working.虽然累了,他仍然继续工作。
4. 方式状语从句
He looked around as if (he was) searching for someone.他四处张望,好像在找什么人。
四、动词不定式中的省略
1. 省略与前面重复的动词
在动词不定式中,为了避免重复,常省略与前面相同的动词,只保留不定式符号to。
— Would you like to visit Chinatown?
— Yes, I’d love to (visit Chinatown).
I don’t want to go, but I have to (go).
2. 省略不定式符号to的情况
感官动词和使役动词后接不定式作宾语补足语时,省略to。
I saw him enter the building.(省略to)我看见他进入了大楼。
She made me cry.(省略to)她把我弄哭了。
注意:在被动语态中,省略的to需要还原。
He was seen to enter the building.
五、宾语从句中的省略
1. 省略that
当that引导宾语从句时,that通常可以省略,尤其是在非正式文体中。
I think (that) the city is very diverse.
She said (that) she would come back.
注意:当从句位于句首、多个宾语从句并列时,第一个that可省,后面的that通常不省。
2. 省略宾语从句的重复部分
He gave me a map, but I already had one(= a map).
六、口语中的省略
在口语对话中,常省略主语、谓语或助动词,只保留关键信息。
— Where are you going?
— (I am going) To Chinatown.
— Have you been to the museum?
— (I have) Not yet.
— What do you think of the food?
— (It is) Delicious!
Can’t wait!(= I can’t wait to go there!)
我已经迫不及待了!
单元写作
一、单元写作任务
本单元的写作任务是 “写一个介绍某地文化或旅行经历的文章” (Write about a place’s diverse culture or a travel experience)。
写作要求:
介绍某地的地理位置、历史背景、文化特色
描述当地的多元文化现象(如移民文化、饮食文化、艺术风格等)
表达对该地的个人感受或旅行体验
常见文体: 游记、地点介绍、文化说明文
二、写作通用表达
1. 开篇句型(介绍地点与总体印象)
… is a city / place known for its diverse cultures.
Located in …, … is one of the most culturally diverse cities in the world.
I had the opportunity to visit … last summer, and I was immediately struck by its unique cultural mix.
There is no better place to experience cultural diversity than …
2. 描述地理位置与历史背景
… lies / is located on the coast of …
The city has a rich history dating back to …
In the mid-1800s, a gold rush brought thousands of immigrants to the area.
Over time, people from all over the world settled here, creating a unique cultural blend.
3. 描述文化特色与多元现象
One of the most impressive things about … is its cultural diversity.
You can find a mix of … and … everywhere.
The city is home to a large community of immigrants from …
… is famous for its street art, which reflects the creativity of local artists.
The local food scene is a true reflection of its diverse population.
4. 描述个人经历与感受
During my stay, I visited …, where I …
I was particularly impressed by …
What impressed me most was …
I spent hours wandering around …, admiring …
The atmosphere there was …
5. 结尾句型
In short, … is a city like no other.
My experience in … has given me a deeper appreciation for cultural diversity.
I left … with a sense of wonder and a desire to return someday.
… is truly a place where different cultures come together in harmony.
三、范文背诵
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$专题02 必修第三册Units1 ~3单元词汇短语句型梳理
Unit 1Festivals and Celebrations
重点单词及变形
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celebrate → celebration (n.) 庆祝
congratulate → congratulation (n.) 祝贺
origin → original (adj.) 原始的;起初的
religion → religious (adj.) 宗教的
tradition → traditional (adj.) 传统的
decorate → decoration (n.) 装饰
significant → significance (n.) 重要性
commercial → commercialise / commercialize (v.) 商业化 → commercialisation / commercialization (n.) 商业化
believe → belief (n.) 信仰;相信
represent → representative (n.) 代表;(adj.) 有代表性的
typical → typically (adv.) 典型地
respect → respected (adj.) 受尊敬的;respectful (adj.) 表示尊敬的;respectable (adj.) 值得尊敬的
gather → gathering (n.) 聚集;集会
joy → joyful / joyous (adj.) 快乐的
admire → admiration (n.) 钦佩;羡慕
重点单词用法精萃
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1.celebrate v. 庆祝
用法:celebrate sth. 庆祝某事(后接节日、事件等,不接人)
辨析:celebrate 接事;congratulate 接人(congratulate sb. on sth.)
2. congratulation n. 祝贺
用法:congratulations to sb. on sth. 因某事向某人祝贺
注意:常用复数形式
3. origin n. 起源;起因
搭配:the origin of … ……的起源
派生:original adj. 起初的;原创的
4. religious adj. 宗教的
搭配:religious belief 宗教信仰;religious activity 宗教活动
派生:religion n. 宗教
5. tradition n. 传统
搭配:by tradition 按照传统;keep up a tradition 保持传统
派生:traditional adj. 传统的
6. decorate v. 装饰
用法:decorate sth. with sth. 用……装饰……
派生:decoration n. 装饰;decorative adj. 装饰性的
7. significant adj. 重要的;有意义的
用法:be significant for/to … 对……重要
派生:significance n. 重要性;意义
8. commercial adj. 商业的
用法:commercial value 商业价值
派生:commercialise v. 商业化;commercialisation n. 商业化
9. believe v. 相信
用法:believe in 信仰;信任
派生:belief n. 信仰;信念(复数:beliefs)
10. represent v. 代表;象征
用法:represent sb./sth. 代表某人/某物
派生:representative n. 代表;adj. 有代表性的
11. typical adj. 典型的
用法:be typical of … 是……的典型特征
派生:typically adv. 典型地
12. respect n./v. 尊重
用法:respect sb. for sth. 因某事尊重某人;show respect for 对……表示尊重
派生:respected adj. 受尊敬的;respectful adj. 恭敬的;respectable adj. 值得尊敬的
13. gather v. 聚集;收集
用法:gather together 聚集在一起
派生:gathering n. 集会
14. joy n. 欢乐
搭配:to one’s joy 使某人高兴的是
派生:joyful/joyous adj. 快乐的
15. admire v. 钦佩;欣赏
用法:admire sb. for sth. 因某事钦佩某人
派生:admiration n. 钦佩;admirable adj. 值得钦佩的
必背短语
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dress up 盛装打扮;装扮
dress up as 打扮成……
fancy dress 化装服
in memory of 为了纪念
in honour of 为了纪念;向……表示敬意
look forward to 期盼;期待(to为介词)
take part in 参加(活动)
participate in 参加(正式)
get together 聚会;聚集
have fun 玩得开心重点句型
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一、让步状语从句
句型结构: no matter how + adj./adv. + 主语 + 谓语
教材原文: However, no matter how different they may seem, all over the world, the spirit of sharing joy, gratitude, love, or peace is common in all festivals.
汉语翻译: 然而,无论它们多么迥异,在世界各地,分享快乐、感恩、友爱或和平的精神存在于所有节日之中。
二、时间状语从句
句型结构: after引导时间状语从句
教材原文: This important agricultural festival takes place after all the crops have been gathered in. -3-4
汉语翻译: 这一重大的农业节日在所有农作物收成后来临。
句型结构: while引导时间状语从句
教材原文: While she was on earth she met the herd boy Niulang and they fell in love.
汉语翻译: 她在人间时遇到了放牛郎牛郎,他们相爱了。
三、定语从句
句型结构: when引导的定语从句(修饰时间名词)
教材原文: It is now a children's festival, when they can dress up and go to their neighbours‘ homes to ask for sweets.
汉语翻译: 它现在是一个儿童节,在这天孩子们可以盛装打扮去邻居家要糖果。
句型结构: which引导的非限制性定语从句
教材原文: Some Western countries have very exciting carnivals, which take place forty days before Easter, usually in February.
汉语翻译: 一些西方国家有非常激动人心的狂欢节,通常在二月举行,即在复活节前的四十天。
句型结构: who引导的定语从句
教材原文: India has a national festival on October 2 to honour Mohandas Gandhi, the leader who helped gain India’s independence from Britain.
汉语翻译: 印度在10月2日有一个全国性节日,纪念莫罕达斯·甘地——这位帮助印度脱离英国获得独立的领袖。
句型结构: that引导的定语从句
教材原文: The most energetic and important festivals are the ones that look forward to the end of winter and to the coming of spring.
汉语翻译: 最富有生气而又最重要的节日,就是告别冬天、迎来春天的日子。
四、主语从句
句型结构: It + be + adj. + that从句
教材原文: It was obvious that the manager of the coffee shop was waiting for Li Fang to leave.
汉语翻译: 很明显,咖啡馆的经理在等李方离开。
句型结构: It + be + 过去分词 + that从句
教材原文: It is believed that the moon is at its brightest on the night of the Mid-Autumn Festival.
汉语翻译: 人们相信中秋节晚上的月亮是最亮的。
五、条件状语从句
句型结构: if引导真实条件句
教材原文: If the neighbours do not give any sweets, the children might play a trick on them.
汉语翻译: 如果邻居不给糖果,孩子们可能会捉弄他们。
六、方式状语从句
句型结构: as if / as though引导方式状语从句(常用虚拟语气)
教材原文: The country, covered with cherry tree flowers, looks as though it is covered with pink snow.
汉语翻译: 整个国家被樱花覆盖,看起来仿佛覆盖着粉红色的雪。
教材原文: After singing some songs, the competitors danced onto the green field, waving their arms in the air as if they were eagles.
汉语翻译: 在唱了几首歌之后,参赛者们在绿地上跳舞,像老鹰一样在空中挥舞手臂。
七、宾语从句
句型结构: that引导的宾语从句
教材原文: People celebrate to show that they are grateful for the year’s supply of food.
汉语翻译: 人们举行庆祝活动,以展示他们对这一年收获的食物表达感恩。
教材原文: People in China hope that the weather will be fine on that day.
汉语翻译: 中国人希望那天的天气晴朗。
句型结构: because引导的表语从句
教材原文: I heard it is because children are lighter and the horses can run faster and farther.
汉语翻译: 我听说是因为孩子们更轻,马跑得更快更远。
八、状语从句省略
句型结构: as if + 分词短语(省略主语和be动词)
教材原文: He opens up his mouth as if to speak something.
汉语翻译: 他张开嘴,好像要说什么。
九、过去分词短语作定语
句型结构: 名词 + 过去分词短语
教材原文: The country, covered with cherry tree flowers, looks as though it is covered with pink snow.
汉语翻译: 整个国家被樱花覆盖,看起来仿佛覆盖着粉红色的雪。
十、并列结构
句型结构: some …, some …, and some …
教材原文: Today’s festivals have many origins, some religious, some seasonal, and some for special people or events.
汉语翻译: 现在的节日有很多由来,一些是宗教上的,一些是季节性的,一些是纪念特殊的人和事件的。
语法梳理
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一、动词-ing形式作宾语
动词的-ing形式作宾语时,通常放在及物动词或介词之后,表示一般性或抽象的动作。
1. 作动词宾语
有些动词后面只能接-ing形式作宾语,不能接不定式。常见动词有:avoid, admit, appreciate, consider, delay, enjoy, finish, imagine, keep, mind, miss, practise, resist, risk, suggest 等。
教材原句:
They enjoy spending time together as a family.(他们喜欢全家人共度时光。)
教材原句:The festival involves dressing up in colourful clothes.(这个节日包括穿上色彩鲜艳的服装。)
2. 作介词宾语
动词-ing形式常置于介词之后,构成介词短语。
教材原句:
People celebrate the harvest by decorating their homes with flowers.
(人们通过用鲜花装饰房屋来庆祝丰收。)
教材原句:He left without saying a word.(他一言不发地离开了。)
3. 固定结构中的宾语
教材原句:
Many people look forward to watching the Spring Festival Gala on New Year’s Eve.
(许多人期待在除夕观看春节联欢晚会。)
注意:look forward to中的to是介词,后面需接名词或-ing形式,而非动词原形。
二、动词-ing形式作表语
动词的-ing形式作表语时,位于系动词(如be, seem, look, remain等)之后,用于说明主语的内容或特征。
1. 说明主语的具体内容
此时主语与表语可以互换位置,语义不变,-ing形式接近名词的用法。
教材原句:
Her job is taking care of the children during the festival.(她的工作是在节日期间照看孩子们。)
The most important thing is gathering together with family members.(最重要的事是与家人团聚。)
2. 说明主语的特征
此时-ing形式具有形容词性质,表示“令人……的”,主语常为事物。
教材原句:
The carnival was exciting, with music and dancing everywhere.(狂欢节令人兴奋,到处都是音乐和舞蹈。)
The story of the lovers was touching.(这对恋人的故事令人感动。)
三、易混淆点提醒
1. 动名词与不定式作宾语的区别
部分动词后既可接-ing形式也可接不定式,但含义不同。如:
remember doing 记得做过某事 / remember to do 记得要做某事
forget doing 忘记做过某事 / forget to do 忘记要做某事
try doing 尝试做 / try to do 设法做
2. 动名词与现在分词作表语的区别
作表语时,若-ing形式说明主语的内容(主语与表语可互换),则为动名词;若表示主语的特征(意为“令人……”),则为现在分词,相当于形容词。
单元写作
一、单元写作任务
本单元的写作任务是 “写一个节日或庆祝活动的描述” (Write about a festival or celebration)。
写作要求:
介绍某个节日的时间、由来、庆祝方式
描述节日期间的活动、习俗、氛围
表达该节日的意义或个人感受
二、写作通用表达
1. 开篇句型(介绍节日名称和时间)
… is one of the most important traditional festivals in China.
… falls on / takes place on the fifteenth day of the first lunar month.
… is celebrated on the first day of the first lunar month.
There are many festivals in China, among which … is my favourite.
2. 介绍节日由来(历史与传说)
… dates back to / originates from the Tang Dynasty.
According to legend / tradition, …
It is believed that the festival was first celebrated in memory of …
… is celebrated in honour of a famous poet in ancient China.
3. 描述庆祝活动(习俗与方式)
During the festival, people usually …
Common activities include …, … and … .
It is customary for people to … on this day.
Families gather together to enjoy a big feast / watch the fireworks / admire the full moon.
People dress up in traditional costumes and take part in various celebrations.
4. 表达意义与感受(情感升华)
The festival is a time for family reunion and expressing gratitude.
It reflects the rich cultural heritage of the Chinese nation.
… carries people’s best wishes for the coming year.
What impresses me most is the atmosphere of joy and togetherness.
5. 结尾句型
In conclusion, … is not only a time for celebration but also a reminder of our traditions.
I truly enjoy the festival and look forward to it every year.
三、范文背诵
The Mid-Autumn Festival(中秋节)
The Mid-Autumn Festival is one of the most significant traditional festivals in China. It falls on the fifteenth day of the eighth lunar month, when the moon is believed to be the fullest and brightest of the year.
The festival has a history of over a thousand years. It originated from the ancient custom of worshipping the moon. There is also a famous legend about Chang’e, a beautiful woman who flew to the moon and has lived there ever since. To remember her, people hold celebrations on this day.
On this day, family members gather together to enjoy a feast and admire the full moon. Mooncakes, which are round like the moon, are the typical food of the festival. They symbolize family reunion and happiness. In some areas, people light lanterns and carry them around, creating a warm and joyful atmosphere.
To me, the Mid-Autumn Festival is more than a celebration. It is a time to express love and gratitude to family members. Whenever I look up at the bright moon, I feel a sense of peace and connection with my loved ones, no matter where they are.
Unit 2 Morals and Virtues
重点单词变形
1. marry v. 结婚;嫁;娶marriage n. 结婚;婚姻married adj. 已婚的
2. complain v. 抱怨;发牢骚complaint n. 抱怨;投诉
3. operate v. 做手术;操作operation n. 手术;操作
4. appoint v. 任命;指定appointment n. 任命;约会
5. retire v. 退休;退职retirement n. 退休
6. respond v. 回答;回应response n. 回答;回应
7. reject v. 拒绝;抛弃rejection n. 拒绝;抛弃
8. apply v. 申请;应用application n. 申请;应用
9. admit v. 接纳;承认admission n. 接纳;承认
10. choose v. 选择choice n. 选择
11. assist v. 帮助;协助assistance n. 帮助;援助
12. contribute v. 贡献;捐献contribution n. 贡献;捐款
13. scare v. 使害怕scared adj. 害怕的scary adj. 吓人的
14. confuse v. 使迷惑confused adj. 困惑的confusing adj. 令人困惑的
15. tire v. 使疲倦tired adj. 疲倦的tiring adj. 令人疲倦的
16. disappoint v. 使失望disappointed adj. 失望的disappointing adj. 令人失望的
17. stress v. 强调 n. 压力stressed adj. 紧张的stressful adj. 压力重的
18. virtue n. 美德virtuous adj. 有道德的;品德高尚的
19. morality n. 道德moral adj. 道德的
20. profession n. 职业;专业professional adj. 职业的;专业的
21. tension n. 紧张tense adj. 紧张的
22. importance n. 重要性important adj. 重要的
23. patience n. 耐心patient adj. 耐心的
24. significance n. 重要性;意义significant adj. 重要的;有意义的
25. harmony n. 和谐harmonious adj. 和谐的
26. experience n. 经验;经历experienced adj. 有经验的
27. honesty n. 诚实honest adj. 诚实的dishonest adj. 不诚实的
28. responsibility n. 责任responsible adj. 负责任的irresponsible adj. 不负责任的
29. generosity n. 慷慨generous adj. 慷慨的
30. selflessness n. 无私selfless adj. 无私的selfish adj. 自私的
31. humility n. 谦逊humble adj. 谦逊的
重点单词用法精萃
1. marry v. 结婚;嫁;娶
用法:marry sb. 嫁给某人/娶某人(不加介词)
搭配:get married to sb. 与某人结婚(be married to sb. 表示状态)
注意:marry 为短暂性动词,与时间段连用时用 be married
2. complain v. 抱怨
用法:complain to sb. about/of sth. 向某人抱怨某事
派生:complaint n. 抱怨;投诉(make a complaint about 对……提出投诉)
3. operate v. 做手术;操作
用法:operate on sb. 给某人做手术;operate a machine 操作机器
派生:operation n. 手术;操作(perform an operation 做手术)
4. appoint v. 任命;指定
用法:appoint sb. as/to be … 任命某人为……;appoint sb. to do sth. 指派某人做某事
派生:appointment n. 任命;约会(make an appointment 预约)
5. retire v. 退休
用法:retire from … 从……退休
派生:retirement n. 退休(retirement age 退休年龄)
6. respond v. 回答;回应
用法:respond to sth./sb. 对……做出回应
辨析:respond 后接 to;answer 可接人/事直接作宾语
派生:response n. 回应(in response to 作为对……的回应)
7. reject v. 拒绝;抛弃
用法:reject sth./sb. 拒绝某物/某人
辨析:reject 语气强烈,强调拒不接受;refuse 为普通用词;decline 委婉拒绝
派生:rejection n. 拒绝
8. apply v. 申请;应用
用法:apply for 申请(职位、奖学金等);apply to 适用于;apply … to … 把……应用于……
派生:application n. 申请;applicant n. 申请人
9. admit v. 接纳;承认
用法:admit doing sth. 承认做过某事;admit sb. to/into … 接纳某人进入……;be admitted to 被录取/接纳
派生:admission n. 接纳;承认
10. assist v. 帮助;协助
用法:assist sb. in/with sth. 在某事上帮助某人;assist sb. to do sth. 帮助某人做某事
派生:assistance n. 帮助(come to one’s assistance 帮助某人);assistant n. 助手
11. contribute v. 贡献;捐献
用法:contribute to … 为……做贡献;导致;有助于
派生:contribution n. 贡献(make a contribution to 对……做出贡献)
12. moral adj. 道德的 n. 寓意;道德准则
用法:moral standards 道德标准;the moral of the story 故事的寓意
派生:morality n. 道德;immoral adj. 不道德的
13. patient adj. 耐心的 n. 病人
用法:be patient with sb. 对某人有耐心;be patient of sth. 容忍某事
派生:patience n. 耐心(have patience with 对……有耐心);impatient adj. 不耐烦的
14. significant adj. 重要的;有意义的
用法:be significant for/to … 对……重要
派生:significance n. 重要性(be of great significance 具有重要意义)
15. responsible adj. 负责任的
用法:be responsible for sth. 对某事负责
派生:responsibility n. 责任(take responsibility for 承担……责任);irresponsible adj. 不负责任的
16. selfless adj. 无私的
用法:selfless devotion 无私的奉献
派生:selflessness n. 无私;selfish adj. 自私的;selfishly adv. 自私地
17. harmonious adj. 和谐的
用法:harmonious relationship 和谐的关系
派生:harmony n. 和谐(live in harmony with 与……和谐共处)
18. experienced adj. 有经验的
用法:be experienced in 在……方面有经验
派生:experience n. 经验(不可数)/ 经历(可数)
19. honest adj. 诚实的
用法:to be honest 说实话;be honest with sb. 对某人诚实
派生:honesty n. 诚实(honesty is the best policy 诚实为上策);dishonest adj. 不诚实的
20. humble adj. 谦逊的
用法:a humble person 谦逊的人;in my humble opinion 依拙见
派生:humility n. 谦逊
必背短语
carry sb. through sth. 帮助某人渡过难关
carry through 坚持完成;进行到底
bring up 抚养;养育;提出(话题)
treat sb. as … 把某人当作……对待
operate on sb. 给某人做手术
complain to sb. about/of sth. 向某人抱怨某事
respond to 对……做出回应
apply for 申请
apply … to … 把……应用于……
be admitted to 被接纳;被录取
contribute to 为……做贡献;有助于;导致
assist sb. in/with sth. 在某事上帮助某人
reject sth. outright 彻底拒绝某物
重点句型
一、比较级表最高级结构
句型结构: nothing is + 比较级 + than …
教材原文: To a person nothing is more precious than their life, and if they entrust me with that life, how could I refuse that trust, saying I’m cold, hungry, or tired?
汉语翻译: 对一个人来说,没有什么比生命更宝贵。如果这个人把生命交给你,你又怎能说自己冷、饿、累而拒绝这份信任呢?
用法说明: 否定词与比较级连用,表达最高级含义,强调“没有什么比……更……”。
二、if引导的条件状语从句
句型结构: if … + 主句(常用情态动词表语气)
教材原文: To a person nothing is more precious than their life, and if they entrust me with that life, how could I refuse that trust, saying I’m cold, hungry, or tired?
汉语翻译: 对一个人来说,没有什么比生命更宝贵。如果这个人把生命交给你,你又怎能说自己冷、饿、累而拒绝这份信任呢?
三、what引导的主语从句
句型结构: what引导的名词性从句作主语
教材原文: These words of Dr Lin Qiaozhi give us a look into the heart of this amazing woman, and what carried her through a life of hard choices.
汉语翻译: 林巧稚医生的这番话,让我们看到这位伟大女性的内心世界,以及到底是什么支撑着她度过充满艰难抉择的一生。
四、would rather do sth. 结构
句型结构: would rather do sth. 宁愿做某事
教材原文: She responded, “I’d rather stay single to study all my life!”
汉语翻译: 她回答:“我宁愿一辈子不嫁人,也要学医!”
五、动词-ing形式作伴随状语
句型结构: … , doing … (分词短语表示伴随动作)
教材原文: “Why should girls learn so much? Finding a good husband should be their final goal!” her brother complained, thinking of the high tuition fees.
汉语翻译: “女孩子读那么多书干嘛?找个好丈夫才是她们的归宿!”她的兄弟抱怨道,一边想着高昂的学费。
六、动词-ing形式作原因状语
句型结构: Doing …, 主句 (分词短语表示原因)
教材原文: Thinking of all the people still in need of help, Dr Lin opened a private clinic.
汉语翻译: 想到还有那么多人需要帮助,林医生开办了一间私人诊所。
七、be seen doing 结构(感官动词的被动语态)
句型结构: be seen doing sth. 被看到正在做某事
教材原文: At times she was even seen riding a donkey to faraway villages to provide medical care. -4
汉语翻译: 有时,人们甚至会看到她骑着毛驴去偏远的乡村给人看病。
八、动词不定式作后置定语
句型结构: the first / last / only + 名词 + to do sth.
教材原文: She immediately became the first woman ever to be hired as a resident physician in the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital.
汉语翻译: 她随即成为北京协和医学院妇产科有史以来第一位被聘为住院医师的女性。
教材原文: In 1941, Dr Lin became the first Chinese woman ever to be appointed director of the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital.
汉语翻译: 1941年,林医生成为北京协和医院妇产科的首位中国籍女主任。
九、that引导的定语从句
句型结构: … + 名词 + that从句(修饰先行词)
教材原文: Within six months, she was named a chief resident physician, a position that usually took four years to achieve.
汉语翻译: 不到六个月,她就成了住院主任医师,而升任这一职位通常需要四年时间。
十、who引导的非限制性定语从句
句型结构: … , who + 从句(对先行词补充说明)
教材原文: She greatly impressed her American colleagues, who invited her to stay.
汉语翻译: 美国同行对她印象极佳,邀请她留下。
十一、until引导的时间状语从句
句型结构: not … until … 直到……才……
教材原文: Dr Lin did not retire until the day she died, 22 April 1983.
汉语翻译: 林医生直到1983年4月22日去世的那一天才退休。
十二、though引导的让步状语从句
句型结构: Though …, 主句 虽然……,但是……
教材原文: Though Lin Qiaozhi never married, she was known as the “mother of ten thousand babies”, having delivered over 50,000 babies in her lifetime. -4
汉语翻译: 虽然林巧稚终身未婚,但她被称为“万婴之母”,一生中亲手接生的婴儿有五万多名。
十三、as引导的时间状语从句
句型结构: as + 从句 当……时;随着……
教材原文: And even as she lay dying, her final thoughts were for others: “I’m ready to go,” she said. “Don’t try to rescue me any more.” -4
汉语翻译: 临终时,她仍在为别人着想。“我要走了,”她说,“不要再抢救我了。”
十四、having done 作原因状语(分词完成式)
句型结构: Having done …, 主句 (表示动作先于主句发生)
教材原文: Though Lin Qiaozhi never married, she was known as the “mother of ten thousand babies”, having delivered over 50,000 babies in her lifetime.
汉语翻译: 虽然林巧稚终身未婚,但她被称为“万婴之母”,一生中亲手接生的婴儿有五万多名。语法精讲
一、动词-ing形式作定语
动词的-ing形式作定语时,放在名词前或后,表示被修饰名词的用途、性质或正在进行的动作。
1. 单个-ing形式放名词前
表示被修饰名词的用途或特征。
She passed the entrance examination.她通过了入学考试。
She became a leading doctor.她成为了一名首席医生。
2. -ing短语放名词后,相当于一个定语从句。
She was the first woman working in that department.她是第一个在那个科室工作的女性。
动名词作定语表示用途:a swimming pool(游泳池,意为a pool for swimming)
现在分词作定语表示动作:a swimming boy(正在游泳的男孩)
二、动词-ing形式作状语
动词的-ing形式(现在分词)作状语时,表示的动作与主语是主动关系,可以表示时间、原因、结果、伴随、条件、让步等。
1. 作时间状语,相当于时间状语从句。
Thinking of all the people still in need of help, Dr Lin opened a private clinic.
想到还有那么多人需要帮助,林医生开办了一间私人诊所。
2. 作原因状语,相当于原因状语从句。
Being a doctor, she always put her patients first.身为医生,她总是把病人放在第一位。
3. 作伴随状语,表示与谓语动词同时发生的动作,是现在分词最常见的用法。
“Finding a good husband should be their final goal!” her brother complained, thinking of the high tuition fees.
“女孩子读那么多书干嘛?找个好丈夫才是她们的归宿!”她的兄弟抱怨道,一边想着高昂的学费。
4. 作结果状语,表示谓语动词动作所导致的结果。
She worked day and night, leaving little time for herself.她日夜工作,留给自己的时间极少。
5. 作让步状语,相当于让步状语从句。
Knowing all this, she still chose to stay.尽管知道这一切,她仍然选择留下。
6. 作条件状语,相当于条件状语从句。
Working hard, you will succeed.努力工作,你就会成功。
三、动词-ing形式的完成式
当-ing形式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前时,使用完成式:having done。
用法:表示先于谓语动词发生的主动动作,常作状语。
Having delivered over 50,000 babies in her lifetime, she was known as the “mother of ten thousand babies”.
一生中亲手接生了五万多名婴儿,她被称为“万婴之母”。
否定形式:not having done
Not having received any reply, she wrote again.没有收到任何回复,她又写了一封信。
四、动词-ing形式的逻辑主语
动词-ing形式作状语时,其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致。
Walking in the street, I met an old friend.(walking的逻辑主语是I,与句子主语一致)
单元写作
一、单元写作任务
本单元的写作任务是 “写一个关于道德品质或人物故事的文章” (Write about a moral quality or a person’s story)。
写作要求:
描述某人的品德或行为事迹
通过具体事例展现人物的道德品质(如善良、无私、诚实、责任感等)
表达对该人物的评价或从中学到的道理
常见文体: 记叙文、人物介绍、故事叙述
二、写作通用表达
1. 开篇句型(介绍人物或主题)
… is a person I deeply admire / respect.
There is no doubt that … is a man / woman of great virtue.
When it comes to the quality of …, I think of …
… is best known for his / her kindness and selflessness.
2. 描述人物品德
She / He is a person of great kindness / honesty / responsibility.
… is always ready to help others without expecting anything in return.
What makes … admirable is his / her devotion to …
… sets a good example to us all with his / her selfless dedication.
3. 通过事例展现品德
One day, … witnessed / encountered … and immediately …
When …, he / she did not hesitate to …
Although … was faced with great difficulty, he / she still …
I still remember the time when …
4. 表达影响与感悟
What he / she did has deeply impressed me.
From this experience, I have learned that …
His / her story reminds me of the importance of …
… inspires me to become a better person.
5. 结尾句型
In conclusion, … is not only a role model but also a source of inspiration.
I believe that such virtues should be passed down from generation to generation.
It is people like … that make the world a warmer place.
三、范文背诵
The Person I Admire Most
When it comes to the person I admire most, the first one that comes to my mind is Dr Lin Qiaozhi, a pioneer in Chinese medicine. She is best known for her selfless devotion to her patients and her lifelong commitment to saving lives.
Dr Lin Qiaozhi was born in 1901. At a time when women were expected to stay at home and raise children, she made a brave decision to study medicine. She once said, “I’d rather stay single to study all my life.” She devoted her entire life to the medical profession, especially to the care of women and children.
What makes her truly admirable is her selflessness. She worked day and night, and was often seen riding a donkey to faraway villages to provide medical care. Even when she was lying on her deathbed, her final thoughts were for others. She said, “I’m ready to go. Don’t try to rescue me any more.” She delivered over 50,000 babies in her lifetime and was known as the “mother of ten thousand babies”.
From Dr Lin Qiaozhi, I have learned that true happiness comes from giving rather than taking. Her story inspires me to pursue my own dreams and to always put others first. She is not only a great doctor but also a shining example of virtue.
Unit 3 Diverse Cultures
重点单词变形
1. diverse adj. 不同的;多种多样的diversity n. 差异;多样性
2. fortune n. 机会;运气fortunate adj. 幸运的fortunately adv. 幸运地unfortunate adj. 不幸的unfortunately adv. 不幸地
3. admit v. 承认;准许进入admission n. 承认;入场费;进入许可admitted adj. 公认的
4. definite adj. 明确的;肯定的definitely adv. 肯定;确实definition n. 定义
5. occur v. 发生;出现occurred (过去式/过去分词)occurrence n. 发生;出现的事件
6. history n. 历史historic adj. 历史上著名的historical adj. (有关)历史的
7. earn v. 挣得;赚得;赢得earnings n. 收入;薪水
8. immigrate v. 移入;移民immigrant n. (外来)移民immigration n. 移民入境
9. select v. 选择;挑选selection n. 选择;挑选selective adj. 选择性的
10. minor adj. 较小的;次要的minority n. 少数民族;少数派major adj. 主要的majority n. 大多数
11. finance n. 财政;金融financial adj. 财政的;金融的
12. poetry n. 诗集;诗歌poet n. 诗人poem n. 诗
13. poison n. 毒物;毒药poisonous adj. 有毒的
14. collect v. 收集collection n. 作品集;收藏品collective adj. 集体的
15. settle v. 定居;解决settlement n. 定居;解决settler n. 殖民者;移居者settled adj. 稳定的;定居的
16. construct v. 建设;建造construction n. 建筑;建造constructive adj. 有建设性的
17. suit v. 适合 n. 西服suitable adj. 合适的unsuitable adj. 不合适的
18. contain v. 包含;容纳container n. 容器
19. fold v. 折叠;包unfold v. 展开;打开
20. seek v. 寻找;寻求sought (过去式/过去分词)
重点单词用法精萃
1. diverse adj. 不同的;多种多样的
用法:diverse cultures 多元文化;be diverse from 与……不同
搭配:diversity n. 差异;多样性(a diversity of 各种各样的)
2. fortune n. 机会;运气;财产
用法:make a fortune 发财;seek one’s fortune 寻找成功之路;try one’s fortune 碰运气
派生:fortunate adj. 幸运的;fortunately adv. 幸运地;unfortunately adv. 不幸地
3. admit v. 承认;准许进入
用法:admit doing sth. 承认做过某事;admit sb. to/into 允许某人进入;be admitted to 被录取/接纳
辨析:admit 强调“勉强承认”;confess 强调“坦白认罪”
派生:admission n. 承认;入场费
4. definite adj. 明确的;肯定的
用法:a definite answer 明确的答复;it is definite that … 肯定……
派生:definitely adv. 肯定地;一定地(用于加强语气)
辨析:definite 指“明确无疑”;specific 指“具体详细”
5. occur v. 发生;出现
用法:sth. occurs to sb. 某人突然想到某事;It occurs to sb. that … 某人突然想到……
注意:occur 没有被动语态,过去式和过去分词为 occurred,现在分词为 occurring
辨析:occur 较正式;happen 普通用词;take place 指有计划发生
6. historic adj. 历史上著名的;有历史意义的
辨析:historic 指“具有历史意义的”;historical 指“与历史有关的”
例句:a historic event 历史性事件;historical research 历史研究
7. earn v. 挣得;赚得;赢得
用法:earn a living / one’s living 谋生;earn money 赚钱;earn respect 赢得尊重
派生:earnings n. 收入(常用复数)
8. immigrant n. (外来)移民
辨析:immigrant 指“移入他国的移民”;emigrant 指“移出本国的移民”;migrant 指“流动者(包括移民工、候鸟等)”
派生:immigrate v. 移入;immigration n. 移民入境
9. select v. 选择;挑选
用法:select sb./sth. as 选……作为……;select sb. to do sth. 挑选某人做某事
辨析:select 强调“精心挑选”;choose 普通用词;pick 口语常用
派生:selection n. 选择;selective adj. 选择性的
10. minority n. 少数民族;少数派
用法:in the minority 占少数(反义:in the majority 占多数)
派生:minor adj. 较小的;次要的
11. financial adj. 财政的;金融的
用法:financial support 经济支持;financial crisis 金融危机
派生:finance n. 财政;金融
12. collection n. 作品集;收藏品;收集
用法:a collection of 一批……;收藏的……
派生:collect v. 收集;collective adj. 集体的
13. settle v. 定居;解决
用法:settle down 定居;安顿下来;settle in 适应(新环境);settle a problem 解决问题
派生:settlement n. 定居;解决;settler n. 殖民者;移居者
14. construction n. 建筑;建造
用法:under construction 正在建设中
派生:construct v. 建设;建造;constructive adj. 有建设性的
15. suit v. 适合 n. 西服
用法:suit sb. 适合某人;suit … to … 使……适合……
辨析:suit 指“合乎需要”;fit 指“大小尺寸合适”;match 指“相配”
派生:suitable adj. 合适的(be suitable for 适合)
16. contain v. 包含;容纳
辨析:contain 指“包含内容或成分”;include 指“包括整体中的一部分”
派生:container n. 容器
17. seek v. 寻找;寻求
用法:seek for / after 寻找;seek to do sth. 试图做某事
注意:过去式和过去分词均为 sought
必背短语
head to / for 朝……方向走;前往
seek one’s fortune 寻找成功之路;谋生
earn a living / make a living 谋生
settle down 定居;安顿下来
turn to 求助于;翻到(某页)
claim to do sth. 声称做某事
spend time (in) doing sth. 花费时间做某事
make a profit 盈利
bring about 引起;导致
adapt to 适应
重点句型
一、what引导的感叹句
句型结构: What + a/an + adj. + 名词 + 主语 + 谓语!
教材原文: And what a city—a city that was able to rebuild itself after the earthquake that occurred in 1906.
汉语翻译: 多么神奇的一座城市啊——一座在1906年大地震后重建的城市。
用法说明: what引导的感叹句强调名词,此处what a city后省略了it is,属于口语化表达。
二、that引导的定语从句
句型结构: 先行词 + that从句(定语从句中再嵌套定语从句)
教材原文: And what a city—a city that was able to rebuild itself after the earthquake that occurred in 1906.
汉语翻译: 多么神奇的一座城市啊——一座在1906年大地震后重建的城市。
用法说明: 第一个that引导定语从句修饰city,第二个that引导定语从句修饰earthquake,形成定语从句的嵌套结构。
三、独立主格结构
句型结构: 名词/代词 + 现在分词短语
教材原文: There are so many beautiful old buildings—many sitting on top of big hills, offering great views of the city, the ocean, and the Golden Gate Bridge.
汉语翻译: 这里有众多美丽的古建筑——不少坐落于大山之巅,城市、大海和金门大桥美景尽收眼底。
用法说明: “many sitting…”是独立主格结构,作伴随状语,对主句进行补充说明。
四、现在分词短语作伴随状语
句型结构: 主句,+ doing …(分词短语表示与谓语同时发生的动作)
教材原文: I walked around looking at the street art for a few hours.
汉语翻译: 一连好几个小时,我四处走着,欣赏街头艺术。
用法说明: looking at the street art作伴随状语,与walked around同时发生。
五、现在分词短语作后置定语
句型结构: 名词 + doing短语(与被修饰名词构成主动关系)
教材原文: Many of the people living here are from Mexico or Central America.
汉语翻译: 这里的许多居民来自墨西哥或中美洲。
用法说明: living here作后置定语修饰people,相当于who live here。
六、过去分词短语作后置定语
句型结构: 名词 + done短语(与被修饰名词构成被动关系)
教材原文: In fact, an art movement called the “Mission School” started here.
汉语翻译: 事实上,一场名为“教会派”的艺术运动就发源于此。
用法说明: called the “Mission School”作后置定语修饰movement,相当于which was called…。
七、which引导的非限制性定语从句
句型结构: …,which + 从句(which指代前面整个分句的内容)
教材原文: In the same year, gold was discovered near San Francisco, which started a gold rush.
汉语翻译: 同年,旧金山附近发现黄金,这引发了淘金热。
用法说明: which指代前面“发现黄金”这件事,在从句中作主语。
八、动词不定式作目的状语
句型结构: To do …, 主句(表示目的)
教材原文: To earn a living, some opened up shops and restaurants in Chinatown.
汉语翻译: 为了谋生,有些人在唐人街开商店、开餐馆。
用法说明: To earn a living作目的状语,置于句首起强调作用。
九、when引导的时间状语从句
句型结构: When + 从句, 主句
教材原文: When these immigrants left their countries, they carried a bit of home in their hearts, and built a new home here.
汉语翻译: 这些移民离开他们的祖国时,心中装着一片故土,最终在这里建立了新家园。
十、动词-ing形式作状语(省略结构)
句型结构: When/While + doing …, 主句(状语从句的省略)
教材原文: When taking notes, just write down the key words, such as names, dates, and numbers.
汉语翻译: 记笔记时,只需写下关键词,如姓名、日期和数字。
用法说明: 当状语从句的主语与主句主语一致且含有be动词时,可省略主语和be动词。此处When taking notes = When you are taking notes。
十一、It is likely that… 句型
句型结构: It is likely that … 很可能……
教材原文: It is likely that Native Americans moved to California at least fifteen thousand years ago.
汉语翻译: 很可能美洲土著人至少在15000年前就搬到加利福尼亚去了。-10
用法说明: It作形式主语,that引导的主语从句是真正主语。同义表达:Sb./Sth. is likely to do sth.
十二、动词不定式作后置定语
句型结构: 名词 + to do(表示尚未发生的动作)
教材原文: There were so many cafés and restaurants to choose from.
汉语翻译: 这里有很多不错的咖啡馆和餐馆可供选择。-8
十三、there be句型
句型结构: There be + 名词 + 修饰成分
教材原文: There are so many beautiful old buildings—many sitting on top of big hills…
汉语翻译: 这里有众多美丽的古建筑——不少坐落于大山之巅……-8
十四、省略句
句型结构: 省略主语和谓语,保留关键信息
教材原文: Can’t wait!
汉语翻译: 我已经迫不及待了!
用法说明: 完整形式为I can’t wait to go there!,口语中常省略。
语法精讲
本单元重点语法为省略句,即在英语表达中为避免重复、突出关键信息或使句子结构更紧凑,省略句子中的一个或多个成分。省略后的句子仍然保持原意,且语法正确。
一、省略的基本原则
省略通常发生在以下情况:
省略的成分可以从上下文推断出来
省略后不引起歧义
常见于并列句、状语从句、口语表达中
二、并列句中的省略
在并列句中,后一分句中与前面相同的成分可以省略。
1. 省略相同的主语
He went to the museum and she went to the park.
→ He went to the museum and she to the park.
2. 省略相同的谓语动词
Some came from Mexico, and others came from Central America.
→ Some came from Mexico, and others from Central America.
3. 省略相同的宾语或表语
He is a doctor, and his wife is a teacher.
→ He is a doctor, and his wife a teacher.
三、状语从句中的省略
在时间、条件、让步、方式等状语从句中,当从句的主语与主句主语一致,且从句谓语包含be动词时,可以省略“主语 + be”。
1. 时间状语从句
When (you are) in San Francisco, don’t miss the Golden Gate Bridge.在旧金山时,不要错过金门大桥。
While (I was) walking around the city, I met a local artist.在城里四处走动时,我遇到了一位当地艺术家。
2. 条件状语从句
If (it is) necessary, you can take a guided tour.如有必要,你可以参加有导游的游览。
Unless (I am) invited, I won’t go to the party.除非被邀请,否则我不会去那个派对。
3. 让步状语从句
Though (he was) tired, he kept working.虽然累了,他仍然继续工作。
4. 方式状语从句
He looked around as if (he was) searching for someone.他四处张望,好像在找什么人。
四、动词不定式中的省略
1. 省略与前面重复的动词
在动词不定式中,为了避免重复,常省略与前面相同的动词,只保留不定式符号to。
— Would you like to visit Chinatown?
— Yes, I’d love to (visit Chinatown).
I don’t want to go, but I have to (go).
2. 省略不定式符号to的情况
感官动词和使役动词后接不定式作宾语补足语时,省略to。
I saw him enter the building.(省略to)我看见他进入了大楼。
She made me cry.(省略to)她把我弄哭了。
注意:在被动语态中,省略的to需要还原。
He was seen to enter the building.
五、宾语从句中的省略
1. 省略that
当that引导宾语从句时,that通常可以省略,尤其是在非正式文体中。
I think (that) the city is very diverse.
She said (that) she would come back.
注意:当从句位于句首、多个宾语从句并列时,第一个that可省,后面的that通常不省。
2. 省略宾语从句的重复部分
He gave me a map, but I already had one(= a map).
六、口语中的省略
在口语对话中,常省略主语、谓语或助动词,只保留关键信息。
— Where are you going?
— (I am going) To Chinatown.
— Have you been to the museum?
— (I have) Not yet.
— What do you think of the food?
— (It is) Delicious!
Can’t wait!(= I can’t wait to go there!)
我已经迫不及待了!
单元写作
一、单元写作任务
本单元的写作任务是 “写一个介绍某地文化或旅行经历的文章” (Write about a place’s diverse culture or a travel experience)。
写作要求:
介绍某地的地理位置、历史背景、文化特色
描述当地的多元文化现象(如移民文化、饮食文化、艺术风格等)
表达对该地的个人感受或旅行体验
常见文体: 游记、地点介绍、文化说明文
二、写作通用表达
1. 开篇句型(介绍地点与总体印象)
… is a city / place known for its diverse cultures.
Located in …, … is one of the most culturally diverse cities in the world.
I had the opportunity to visit … last summer, and I was immediately struck by its unique cultural mix.
There is no better place to experience cultural diversity than …
2. 描述地理位置与历史背景
… lies / is located on the coast of …
The city has a rich history dating back to …
In the mid-1800s, a gold rush brought thousands of immigrants to the area.
Over time, people from all over the world settled here, creating a unique cultural blend.
3. 描述文化特色与多元现象
One of the most impressive things about … is its cultural diversity.
You can find a mix of … and … everywhere.
The city is home to a large community of immigrants from …
… is famous for its street art, which reflects the creativity of local artists.
The local food scene is a true reflection of its diverse population.
4. 描述个人经历与感受
During my stay, I visited …, where I …
I was particularly impressed by …
What impressed me most was …
I spent hours wandering around …, admiring …
The atmosphere there was …
5. 结尾句型
In short, … is a city like no other.
My experience in … has given me a deeper appreciation for cultural diversity.
I left … with a sense of wonder and a desire to return someday.
… is truly a place where different cultures come together in harmony.
三、范文背诵
A Visit to San Francisco
Last summer, I had the chance to visit San Francisco, a city known for its diverse cultures and stunning views. Located on the west coast of the United States, San Francisco left a deep impression on me from the moment I arrived.
One of the first things I noticed was the city’s unique architecture. There are so many beautiful old buildings, many sitting on top of big hills, offering great views of the city, the ocean, and the famous Golden Gate Bridge. I walked around the city for hours, admiring the mix of modern and historical styles.
What impressed me most was the cultural diversity. I visited Chinatown, one of the largest and oldest in North America. The streets were filled with Chinese restaurants, shops, and temples. It felt like I had stepped into another world. Later, I went to the Mission District, where colorful street art covers many walls. I learned that this area is home to many Mexican and Central American immigrants, and their influence can be seen in the food, music, and art everywhere.
The food in San Francisco is also a reflection of its diverse population. I tried everything from traditional Chinese dim sum to Mexican tacos. Every meal was a new experience.
In short, San Francisco is a city like no other. Its diverse cultures, rich history, and beautiful scenery make it a place worth visiting again and again.
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