Unit 2 Grammar课件2025-2026学年沪教版八年级英语下册

Unit 2 Body language Key question What does body language mean to us? 主题范畴：人与社会 主题群：社会服务与人际沟通 子主题：良好的人际关系与人际 交往；跨文化沟通与交 流，语言与文化 know the grammar rules of verb-ing as subject and object as well as verb-ing and verb-ed as adjectives. use verb-ing and verb-ed correctly. Learning objectives 学习目标 After learning, I will be able to: Lead-in Look at the pictures and complete the sentences with -ing. 3. ________ builds your imagination. 4. _________ is fun. 2. ________ damages your health. 1. I like _________. drawing Smoking Reading Swimming Verb Verb-ing begin beginning communicate communicating dance dancing hold holding sigh sighing lie lying 重读闭音节结尾，双写最后一个字母加-ing 不发音e结尾，去e加-ing 多数情况，直接加-ing 特殊情况，把ie变为y加-ing How we form verb-ing. 辨析 gerunds & present participle gerunds (动名词)和 present participle (现在分词)虽然都是“V-ing”形式，但功能完全不同，动名词是名词化的动词，用来表示‌抽象行为或事物用途‌；现在分词是形容词/副词化的动词，用来描述‌进行中的动作或状态‌。 动名词主要在句中作‌主语、宾语、表语、定语等。 现在分词主要在句中作‌表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语等。 都可以作定语和表语。动名词作‌表语、定语和现在分词作‌表语、定语又有什么区别呢？ 作定语时 动名词强调用途与功能。如：a swimming pool 游泳池 现在分词强调动作。如：a swimming boy 一个正在游泳的 男孩 作表语时 动名词：主语与表语可互换。如：Teaching is my job. = My job is teaching. 现在分词：主语与表语不可互换。如：The bird is flying. ≠ Flying is the bird. 此外，介词后仅用动名词，即动名词作介词的宾语。如： Thank you for helping. We can use the verb-ing form as a noun. These nouns refer to actions and activities. 我们可以将动词的-ing形式用作名词。这些名词指代动作和活动。 While-learning Grammar A Verb-ing as subject and object P25 Communicating means more than just speaking. We can use verb-ing as the subject or object of a sentence. When we use verb-ing as the subject, the main verb is in singular form. Let’s sum up the rules! 我们可以将动词-ing形式用作句子的主语或宾语。 当我们将动词-ing形式用作主语时，主句的谓语动词用单数形式。 Look! The verb-ing form is usually uncountable. We do not add a or an before it. Cycling is his favourite hobby. Verb-ing can have its own object. She loves playing chess. 动词-ing形式通常是不可数的，我们不会在它前面加 a 或 an。 动词-ing形式可以有自己的宾语。 Translate the sentences below into Chinese. 1 Communicating is more than just speaking. 2 Seeing is believing. 3 Doing is better than saying. 4 It is no use crying over spilt (洒出) milk. 交流不仅仅指说话。 眼见为实。 行胜于言。 牛奶已洒，哭也没用/覆水难收。 They are gerunds. Let's learn more! 作主语、宾语、表语的动词-ing我们又称之为动名词。 动词-ing形式作主语时，表示习惯性的动作，谓语动词用单数形式。 Collecting stamps is my hobby. 集邮是我的爱好。 动词-ing形式可作动词或介词的宾语。 He practised playing basketball. 他练习打篮球。 She dreams of becoming a ballet dancer. 她梦想成为一名芭蕾舞者。 动词-ing形式可以有自己的宾语。 He finished doing his homework. 他完成了家庭作业。 动词-ing形式作主语和宾语用法总结 我们通常在介词后使用动名词作介宾。常跟动名词做介词宾语的短语有：be fond of, be good at, be interested in, be tired of, be used to, give up, keep on, look forward to, think of/about等。 英语中有一些动词后面常接动名词作宾语。如：enjoy (like, love), suggest, mind, finish, practise, deny, avoid, admit, keep, miss。 He denied stealing my bike. 他否认偷了我的自行车。 begin，hate，like，love 等动词后面既可以接动名词，也可以接动词不定式，两种结构表达的意思区别不大。 forget，remember，go on，stop，try等动词后面既可以接动名词，又可以接动词不定式。但含义截然不同。 forget to do sth. 表示“忘记去做某事”； forget doing sth. 表示“忘记做过某事”； remember to do sth. 表示“ 记得去做某事”； remember doing sth. 表示“记得做过某事”； stop to do sth. 表示“停下来去做另一件事”； stop doing sth. 表示“停止正在做的事情”。 go on doing sth. 表示“继续做原来的事” go on to do sth. 表示“（做完一件事）接着做另一件事” Translate the sentences below into Chinese. Practice ② I forgot to ask him for his address. ① I forget buying this book. 我忘记我买过这本书。 我忘记向他要地址。 ④ After finishing his homework, he went on to read the text. ③ He went on doing his homework in his room after supper. 晚饭后他继续在自己的房间里做作业。 写完作业后,他又继续读课文。 ⑧ Stop to have a rest. ⑦ She had to stop singing so that her neighbour could get to sleep. 她必须停止唱歌了，这样她的邻居才能睡觉。 大家停下来去休息一下吧。 ⑥ Please remember to lock the door when you leave the room. ⑤ I remembered locking the door when I left the room. 我记得离开房间时锁门了。 离开房间时请记得锁门。 ▲ 动名词作主语时，谓语用单数。如： Communicating is not just speaking. 交流不仅仅是说话。 ▲ 但是，两个或两个以上不同的动名词作主语，谓语用复数。 如： Playing computer games and playing basketball are my hobbies. 打游戏和打篮球是我的兴趣爱好。 ② It is worth travelling in China. ① It is no use arguing. 争论是没有用的。 到中国旅游是值得的。 动名词作主语时，有时也可以用it作先行主语，且常与any / no good, any / no use和(not) worth连用。 Now let’s finish the exercise on page 25. Complete the passage with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. My friend Lu Na and I were talking about people's hobbies the other day. Lu Na said her cousin Lu Yao has an interesting hobby: (1)________ (draw) portraits. (2)________ (study) people's facial expressions is an important part of her hobby. She likes (3)________ (observe) people's faces and (4)________ (guess) what they are thinking or how they are feeling. She is not always right, but she is not afraid of (5)________ (make) mistakes. When she makes a mistake, she simply smiles and says, "Oh well, I was wrong." She says that (6)________ (smile) can make people around you feel good. I have not known anyone like Lu Yao, and I look forward to (7)________ (meet) her in person. drawing Studying observing guessing making smiling meeting n. 肖像 adj. 面部的 亲自 动词-ing形式和动词-ed形式作形容词 Grammar B Verb-ing and verb-ed as adjectives P26 Wang Haoran was sitting at his desk. Nobody spoke to him. He was bored and he thought his job was boring. Adjectives that end in -ed usually describe how people feel. Adjectives that end in -ing usually describe the thing or person that makes people feel a certain way. Let’s sum up the rules! 以-ed结尾的形容词通常描述人的感受。 以-ing结尾的形容词通常描述使人产生某种感受的事物或人。 不要混淆主语‌：-ed形容词的主语是人，-ing形容词的主语是物。 ‌注意搭配‌：有些动词（如 feel, look, sound）后接-ed形容词作表语。 Let's learn more! 动词-ing形式和动词-ed形式作形容词用法总结 动词-ing形式作形容词，表示“令人……的”，主语或修饰对象通常是事物或事件，描述其具有让人产生某种感受的特性。 动词-ed形式作形容词，表示“感到……的”，主语或修饰对象通常是人，描述人自身的感受或状态。 e.g. We were excited about the exciting movie. 如：我们对那部激动人心的电影感到很兴奋。 Now let’s finish the exercise on page 26. Haoran, it seems like you don't want to talk to the customers. It's not __________ (surprising / surprised) that they don't want to talk to you either. Some people are not very patient, so they get __________ (boring / bored) easily. His explanation was __________ (confusing / confused). Nobody understood it. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in brackets. surprising bored confusing n. 解释 adj. 令人困惑的 adj. 感到困惑的 Lu Yao is very __________ (interesting / interested) in art and goes to art galleries every Saturday. I'm starting a new part-time job next week. I'm very __________ (exciting / excited) about it. Li Chen is a good storyteller. His stories are very __________ (amusing / amused). Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in brackets. interested excited amusing 美术馆；艺术展览馆 adj. 好笑的 adj. 感到好笑的 Read the poem. Pay attention to the underlined words. Then try writing your own poem using as many verb-ed and verb-ing forms as possible. Don't worry! I study very hard, But English grammar makes me confused. When I make silly mistakes, My teacher is amused. But I'm not worried; I just smile. Grammar can be confusing. I really don't mind, If my mistakes are amusing. 动名词是以动词-ing结尾的名词。这些名词描述动作和活动。动名词可作主语、宾语、表语等句子成分。我们通常通过在动词后加-ing来构成动名词。 一、动名词的构成 1. 动词后直接加-ing: work - working 2. 以不发音e结尾的动词去e加-ing：make - making 3. 以重读闭音节结尾的动词双写最后一个辅音字母，再 加-ing：put - putting 4. 特例：lie-lying，die-dying Post-learning 二、动名词的数 动名词通常都是不可数的，不能在前面加a或an。 动名词可以有自己的宾语。 1. 动名词作主语时，谓语用单数。 2. 两个或两个以上不同的动名词作主语，谓语用复数。 三、动名词作宾语 英语中有一些动词（短语）后面常接动名词作宾语。如： enjoy (like, love), suggest, mind, finish, practise, deny, avoid, admit, keep, miss。 介词后要使用动名词。 常见的“动词+介词+动名词”的短语有：prefer ... to, be used to, look forward to, feel like, give up, keep on, insist on, succeed in等。 四、用于某些惯用法中。例如： (1) be busy doing sth. “忙于做某事” 妈妈在厨房忙着做饭。 Mother is busy cooking dinner in the kitchen. (2) be worth doing sth. “值得做某事” 这本书值得一读。 The book is worth reading. (3) It’s no use / good doing sth. “做……无用 / 无好处” 向他寻求帮助没有用。 It’s no use going to him for help. 五、以-ed和-ing结尾的形容词 以-ed结尾的形容词通常描述人的感受，常翻译为“感到……的”。 以-ing结尾的形容词通常描述使人产生某种感受的事物或人，常翻译为“令人……的”。 常见词示例：interesting (有趣的) / interested (感兴趣的)； exciting (令人兴奋的) / excited (兴奋的)；boring (令人无聊的) / bored (无聊的)；surprising (令人惊讶的) / surprised (惊讶的)；tiring (令人疲惫的) / tired (疲惫的)； satisfying (令人满意的) / satisfied (满意的) I. 用括号中所给单词的正确形式填空。 1. Cindy is good at _______(tell) jokes. 2. — Would you mind ________(turn) that music down? It’s a little noisy. — I’m sorry. 3. ________(read) English aloud will do you a lot of good. 4. I remember _______(see) her somewhere before, but I don’t know for sure. 5. After a short rest, we went on _______(walk). telling turning Reading seeing walking 32 1. 王琦喜欢看故事书。 Wang Qi enjoys ________ _________. 2. 他一吃完晚饭就出去玩儿了。 As soon as he _______ ____________ dinner, he went out for fun. 3. 那个小男孩害怕晚上独自睡觉。 The little boy is _____ _____ ________ alone at night. 4. 在公园野餐真有趣。 　_____________ a picnic in the park ____ really interesting. 5. 我姐姐每天练习唱英文歌。 My sister ________ _______ English songs every day. II. 根据所给汉语提示，完成下列句子。 reading storybooks finished eating / having afraid of sleeping Having is practises singing Ⅲ. 选择最佳答案填空。 ( )1. Mum suggested ____ for a walk. A. to go B. going C. go D. to going ( )2. My brother gave up ____ after the car accident. A. drinking B. drink C. to drink D. to drinking ( )3. I don’t mind ____ by bus, but I am afraid of ____ in the crowded people. A. to travel; standing B. to travel; to stand C. travelling; to stand D. travelling; standing ( )4. Remember ____ the newspaper when you finish ____ it. A. putting away; to read B. to put away; to read C. to put away; reading D. putting away; reading C B A D Write sentences that contain V-ing, adjectives end in -ed & -ing. (at least 15) Finish the exercises in EW (English Weekly). Preview Speaking on P27. Thank you! 36 $