Unit 4 History and traditions 语法归纳 任务单-2025-2026学年高中英语人教版必修第二册

Unit4 语法归纳：过去分词作定语和宾语补足语 语境感悟 阅读以下有关 "历史和传统" 的短文，感知加黑部分，并回答其后的问题。 History is rich in traditions 1passed down from generation to generation. Take the Mid-Autumn Festival as an example. The mooncakes 2carefully made by families are a symbol of reunion. People sit outside, with the table 3filled with various fruits and snacks. During preparations, they have the windows 4cleaned to welcome the festival. The festival, 5deeply rooted in our culture, leaves us with warm memories. 自主发现 以上语段中，1、2、5 为过去分词作_____________；3、4 为过去分词作_____________。 语法精析 一、过去分词作定语 1. 意义：及物动词的过去分词作定语往往表示被动和完成；不及物动词的过去分词作定语不表示被动，只表示完成。 (1) 表示被动和完成。如：a polluted river 一条被污染的河流，the watered flowers 浇过水的花。 (2) 只表示完成，不表示被动。如：fallen leaves 落叶，the risen sun 升起的太阳。 2. 位置：单个的过去分词作定语时，通常放在被修饰词的前面；过去分词短语作定语时，通常放在被修饰词的后面，其作用相当于一个定语从句。 如：The student dressed in white is my daughter.=The student who is dressed in white is my daughter. 穿白色衣服的那个学生是我女儿。 3. 过去分词作定语和现在分词作定语的区别： (1) 语态不同：现在分词表示主动；过去分词表示被动。如：The question discussed was very important. 被讨论过的那个问题很重要。The house standing at the corner of the street was built in 2016. 矗立在街角那所房子是 2016 年建的。 (2) 时间关系上不同：现在分词表示动作正在进行；过去分词表示动作已经完成。如：the changing world 变化着的世界，the changed world 改变了的世界，boiling water 沸腾的水，boiled water 开水，developing countries 发展中国家，developed countries 发达国家。 二、过去分词作宾语补足语 1. 过去分词用在表状态的动词 keep,leave 等的后面作宾语补足语。 如：He got up late and hurried to his office,leaving the breakfast untouched. 他起得晚，没吃早饭就匆匆忙忙去了办公室。 2. 过去分词用在使役动词 have,get 和 make 的后面作宾语补足语。 如：(1)“have/get + 宾语 + 过去分词” 结构可以表示两种含义：“让某事被做” 或 “遭遇到某种不幸”。 如：Claire had/got her luggage checked an hour before her plane left. 在飞机起飞前一个小时，克莱尔对行李进行了托运。While they were on holiday,they had/got their car broken into. 他们在度假时，他们的汽车被撬开了。 (2) 在 “make + 宾语 + 过去分词” 这种结构中，过去分词表示结果。如：They managed to make themselves understood by using very simple English. 他们用很简单的英语成功使自己被理解。 3. 感官动词 see,hear,notice,observe,watch,feel,find 等后，可用过去分词作宾语补足语。 如：When we saw the road blocked with snow,we decided to spend the holiday at home. 当我们看到道路被雪封住后，我们决定在家度过假期。The next morning, people found the world outside their houses completely changed. 第二天早上，人们发现他们房子外面的世界全变了样。 4. 表示 “意愿，命令” 的动词，如 like,want,wish,expect,order 等可用过去分词作宾语补足语。如：The manager ordered the work finished at the end of this week. 经理要求在本周末完成这项工作。 5. 过去分词用在 “with + 宾语 + 宾补” 这一结构中，与宾语之间是动宾关系。如：The living room is clean and tidy,with a dining table already laid for a meal to be cooked. 客厅既干净又整洁，餐桌已摆好，饭菜即将上桌。John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work finished,he gladly accepted it. 约翰收到了一份晚宴邀请函，而且他的工作也做完了，他就欣然接受了邀请。 实战演练 1． 单句填空 1. This is the statue of a brave soldier _______________(seat) on a horse, with a gun on his back. 2. When I came back to my hometown ten years later,I found it completely _______________(change). 3. I want him _______________(finish) the homework in time. 4. My father had had the house _______________(paint) before we moved in. 5. The end of the story left me _______________(puzzle). 6. Don't leave her _______________(wait) outside in the rain. 7. To return to the problem of water pollution, I'd like you to look at a study ____________(conduct) in Australia in 2012. 8. A sudden stop can be a very _______________(frighten) experience,especially if you are travelling at high speed. 9. Helen had to shout to make herself _______________(hear) above the sound of the music. 10. For some,things work out fine,but others often find themselves _______________(stick) in a situation they hate. 11. The living room is clean and tidy,with a tidy table already _______________(lay) for a meal to be cooked. 12. There are still many problems _______________( solve) before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon. 13.Data _____________(collect) from the device could be used to recognize different participants based on how they typed, with very low error rates. 14. Chris and Tim work at a zoo, helping _____________(endanger) cranes with their reproduction. 15.A _____________(retire) engineer, 76-year-old Wilson has been offering free rides to college students for the past eight years. 16.Scientists have built an early warning system _____________(base) on mathematical models. 17.To my surprise,the tofu beneath the _____________(fry) skin was warm, soft, and mouth-watering. 18. All the afternoon he worked with the door _____________( lock) so that he wouldn't be disturbed. 19. I had my computer _____________(repair) at your store last month,but I found the issues _____________(fix)by your technician still remained. 20.The _____________(schedule) meeting which is very important for all departments will be held in the conference hall at 9 am tomorrow. 二．语法与写作 1.The book______________________________ is a must-read for anyone (应用文写作之推荐信) 这位著名作家写的这本书，对于任何对历史感兴趣的人来说都是必读之物。 2. The concert ______________________________was a great success.We are now planning another musical event for all students.(应用文写作之通知) 上周在学校礼堂举行的音乐会非常成功。我们现在正在为所有学生筹备另一场音乐活动。 3. ____________________________________________last week has caused me a lot of trouble, so I hope you can give me a satisfactory solution as soon as possible.(应用文写作之投诉信) 我上周从你们店里购买的这部损坏的手机给我带来了很多麻烦，所以我希望你们能尽快给我一个满意的解决方案。4.The school will __________________________________________properly for the inspection tomorrow. Teachers are required to ensure that everything is in order.(keep + 宾语 + 宾补)(应用文写作之通知) 为了明天的检查，学校会确保教室保持干净且布置妥当。老师们需要确保一切井然有序。 5.When I arrived at the hotel,I ___________________________________with fresh flowers and a welcome note,which made me feel so warm and special.(find + 宾语 + 宾补)(应用文写作之感谢信) 当我到达酒店时，我发现我的房间被鲜花和一张欢迎卡片装饰得很漂亮，这让我感到无比温暖和特别。 3． 改为同义句 1. He spoke slowly to make others understand him.→He spoke slowly to__________________________________ 2. I am very busy now.I'd like to ask someone to take my little child to school. →I am very busy now.I'd like to__________ my little child __________to school. 3. Do you like to read the novel which is written by Lu Xun?→Do you like to read the novel__________ Lu Xun? 4. The exam which will be held next week is quite important.→The exam ________________next week is quite important. 5. Judy fixed her eyes on Van Gogh's Sunflowers.→Judy _________________________on Van Gogh's Sunflowers. Unit4 过去分词作定语和宾语补足语 习题答案 一、单句填空 1. seated 2. changed 3. to finish 4. painted 5. puzzled 6. waiting 7. conducted 8. frightening 9. heard 10. stuck 11. laid 12. to be solved 13. collected 14. endangered 15. retired 16. based 17. fried 18. locked 19. repaired; fixed 20. scheduled 二、语法与写作 1. written by the famous writer for anyone who is interested in history 2. held in the school hall last week 3. The damaged mobile phone (that/which) I bought from your store 4. keep the classrooms cleaned and arranged 5. found my room beautifully decorated 三、改为同义句 1. make himself understood 2. get; taken 3. written by 4. to be held 5. had her eyes fixed 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $