2026届高考英语二轮复习专题突破 专题24：句法之定语从句

2026高考英语·二轮复习专题突破 专题24：句法之定语从句 核【核心知识·深度解读】 定语从句是高考英语语法填空、短文改错及书面表达的核心考点，重点考查关系代词与关系副词的选择、限制性与非限制性定语从句的区别、介词+关系代词结构、as引导的定语从句等。近年命题更注重在复杂语境中考查定语从句的灵活运用，尤其关注科技、文化、社会热点等话题中的从句应用。本专题包含核心知识精讲、15道单句填空、10道句子翻译与表达及3篇语法填空篇章练习，帮助学生系统掌握定语从句的用法。 核心知识·定语从句高频考点与辨析 考点类型 关系词选择 关键规则 2026语境示例 关系代词 who/whom 指人，who作主语/宾语，whom作宾语 The scientist who won the award is from China. which 指物，作主语/宾语 The project which was launched last year has succeeded. that 指人或物，可替代who/which（限制性） This is the book that I borrowed from the library. whose 表示所属关系，指人或物 The artist whose works are world-famous is coming. 关系副词 when 指时间，在从句中作状语 I still remember the day when we first met. where 指地点，在从句中作状语 This is the lab where the experiment was conducted. why 指原因，先行词为reason Tell me the reason why you were absent. 特殊结构 介词+关系代词 介词提前，关系代词用which/whom The company in which he works is a tech giant. as引导 as引导非限制性定语从句，意为“正如” As is known to all, China is making great progress. 二轮策略： ① 确定先行词是人还是物；② 判断关系词在从句中充当的成分（主语/宾语/状语）；③ 注意限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别（非限制性用逗号隔开，不可用that）；④ 掌握“介词+关系代词”结构中介词的确定方法（根据动词搭配或语义）。 题型训练一 · 定语从句单句填空 Instructions: 用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空，必要时可加介词。(每题1分，共15分) 1. The scientist ________ discovery changed the world passed away yesterday. 2. This is the factory ________ my father worked for 30 years. 3. The reason ________ he was late for the meeting was that his car broke down. 4. The book, ________ cover is torn, belongs to me. 5. The young man ________ you met yesterday is my cousin. 6. I’ll never forget the days ________ we spent together in the countryside. 7. He is a man ________ we can rely on for help. 8. The hotel ________ we stayed during the vacation was very comfortable. 9. There are many problems ________ need to be solved urgently. 10. The artist, ________ paintings are famous worldwide, will visit our school. 11. The company ________ products are of high quality has won many awards. 12. The new technology, ________ is expected to revolutionize the industry, will be released next year. 13. This is the only one of the books ________ was written by the author himself. 14. The village ________ we visited last month has changed a lot. 15. She is such a kind person ________ everyone likes her. 题型训练二 · 定语从句句子翻译与表达 Instructions: 根据中文提示，完成英文句子，运用定语从句。(每空1.5分，共15分) 1. 我们昨天参观的那个博物馆有着悠久的历史。 The museum ________ we visited yesterday ________ a long history. 2. 这就是他解决那个问题的原因。 This is the reason ________ he ________ that problem. 3. 众所周知，中国在太空探索方面取得了巨大成就。 ________ is known to all, China has made great achievements in space exploration. 4. 他工作的那家公司在全球享有盛誉。 The company ________ he works ________ worldwide reputation. 5. 我永远不会忘记我们共同奋斗的日子。 I will never forget the days ________ we ________ together. 6. 那本封面很旧的书是我祖父留给我的。 The book ________ cover is old ________ to me by my grandfather. 7. 这是我们正在寻找的那位科学家。 This is the scientist ________ we ________. 8. 她写了一本书，这本书成为了畅销书。 She wrote a book, ________ became a ________. 9. 这就是他迟到的原因。 This is the reason ________ he ________. 10. 她是一个值得信赖的人。 She is a person ________ we can ________. 阅读题型 · 语法填空（三篇原创 · 定语从句语境训练） 要求： 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，注意定语从句的运用。 【Passage 1 · 中国航天新成就】 China’s space station, Tiangong, has become a symbol of scientific cooperation. The astronauts, ________ work on the station, conduct experiments that are impossible on Earth. One of the most significant projects, ________ results were announced last month, involves studying plant growth in microgravity. The station, ________ orbit is about 400 kilometers above Earth, will operate for more than ten years. The scientists ________ designed the experiments are from different countries. This is a milestone ________ demonstrates China’s commitment to peaceful space exploration. The day will come ________ more countries will participate in this grand project, ________ is expected to benefit all of humanity. 【Passage 2 · 数字敦煌文化保护】 The Mogao Caves, ________ are located in Dunhuang, are a UNESCO World Heritage site. Researchers have launched a digital preservation project, ________ aims to create high-resolution 3D models of the murals. This is the reason ________ the project has received widespread support. The technology, ________ has been developed over the past decade, allows people from all over the world to appreciate the caves without causing damage. There is a virtual museum ________ visitors can explore the murals in detail. The team ________ is leading this project consists of experts from both China and abroad. This is a great example ________ shows how technology can help preserve cultural heritage. 【Passage 3 · 绿色能源转型之路】 The transition to renewable energy is a challenge ________ many countries are facing. China, ________ installed capacity of solar and wind power ranks first in the world, has made remarkable progress. The regions ________ solar energy is most abundant are in the western part of the country. The government has implemented policies ________ encourage investment in green technologies. These are the measures ________ have contributed to the rapid growth of the renewable energy sector. The day ________ China achieves carbon neutrality will be a historic moment. As ________ is often said, the shift to clean energy is not only necessary but also full of opportunities. 定语从句解题核心要点： 1. 先行词判断法：先确定先行词是人还是物，再根据关系词在从句中充当的成分选择合适的关系词。 2. 关系代词与副词的区别：关系代词（who, whom, which, that, whose）在从句中作主语、宾语或定语；关系副词（when, where, why）在从句中作状语。 3. 限制性 vs 非限制性：非限制性定语从句用逗号隔开，不可用that引导，常用which指代前面整句内容。 4. 介词+关系代词：介词的选择取决于先行词与介词的搭配或从句中动词的固定搭配。 5. 特殊结构：掌握as引导的非限制性定语从句（as is known to all, as is often the case），以及such...as, the same...as结构。 参考答案与核心解析 ✅ 题型训练一 · 定语从句单句填空答案 1. whose 2. where/in which 3. why 4. whose 5. whom/that 6. that/which 7. whom/that 8. where/in which 9. that/which 10. whose 11. whose 12. which 13. that 14. that/which 15. that ✅ 题型训练二 · 句子翻译与表达答案 1. that/which / has 2. why / solved 3. As 4. where/in which / enjoys 5. when / struggled 6. whose / was left 7. whom/that / are looking for 8. which / bestseller 9. why / was late 10. whom/that / trust ✅ 题型训练三 · 语法填空答案与解析 Passage 1 1. who (指人，作主语) 2. whose (指项目的结果，表示所属) 3. whose (指空间站的轨道) 4. who/that (指科学家，作主语) 5. that/which (指里程碑) 6. when (指时间，作状语) 7. which (非限制性定语从句，指代前面整句) Passage 2 1. which (指莫高窟) 2. which (指项目) 3. why (指原因) 4. which (指技术) 5. where (指虚拟博物馆，作地点状语) 6. that/which (指团队) 7. that/which (指例子) Passage 3 1. that/which (指挑战) 2. whose (指中国的，表示所属) 3. where (指地区，作地点状语) 4. that/which (指政策) 5. that/which (指措施) 6. when (指时间，作状语) 7. as (as引导非限制性定语从句，意为“正如”) 2/2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $