新高考英语热点话题阅读（包涵背诵版词汇清单）-碳中和-2026届高三英语三轮复习专项

碳中和主题高考英语阅读（4 篇・修正版） Passage 1 China's Multi-faceted Approach to Climate Change As the world grapples with the escalating climate crisis, China, being the world's largest carbon emitter and a renewable energy powerhouse, plays a pivotal role. The country's strategy is a blend of top-down policy and grassroots innovation, aiming to fulfill its ambitious "dual carbon" goals: peaking carbon emissions before 2030 and achieving carbon neutrality before 2060. A cornerstone of this strategy is the rapid deployment of renewable energy. China leads the world in installing wind and solar power capacity, often referred to as the "world's factory" for clean energy technologies. Vast solar farms and wind-power bases have emerged in remote areas, while rooftop solar panels are becoming common in cities. Simultaneously, the country is investing heavily in next-generation technologies like green hydrogen and energy storage to ensure a stable power supply from these intermittent sources. Beyond energy generation, China is pioneering a national carbon market. This market-based mechanism sets a cap on total emissions for the power industry. Companies that emit less than their allowance can sell their extra quotas to those that exceed theirs, creating a financial incentive for polluters to go green. While initially covering only the power sector, plans are underway to expand it to other major industries like steel and cement. Furthermore, the "sponge city" program exemplifies adaptation efforts. In response to increasing urban flooding caused by extreme weather, dozens of cities are being redesigned to absorb and reuse rainwater. This involves replacing concrete with permeable pavements, creating more green spaces and wetlands, and building large underground water storage tanks. These measures not only enhance climate resilience but also address water scarcity. However, challenges persist. The reliance on coal, a major source of energy security, remains significant. The pace of transitioning heavy industries is complex and costly. Yet, the combination of national policy, market tools, and technological advancement positions China on a unique path to combat climate change, with its progress being closely watched by the global community. Questions 1. What is the primary purpose of China's "dual carbon" goals? A. To become the world's only renewable energy powerhouse. B. To peak carbon emissions in 2060 and achieve neutrality in 2030. C. To set a clear timeline for reducing and eventually neutralizing carbon emissions. D. To focus solely on the development of solar and wind energy. 2. The phrase "intermittent sources" in Paragraph 2 most likely refers to energy sources that are ________. A. cheap and reliable B. not continuously available C. harmful to the environment D. difficult to install 3. What is the function of China's national carbon market? A. To set a unified carbon emission cap for all industries in China. B. To provide financial benefits for companies that reduce emissions. C. To cut down the total energy consumption of the power industry. D. To stop carbon emissions in steel and cement industries immediately. 4. What can we infer from the last paragraph? A. China has completely given up the use of coal energy. B. China's low-carbon transition is smooth and without any difficulty. C. China's climate change efforts gain no attention from the world. D. China is exploring a unique way to realize carbon neutrality despite challenges. Passage 2 The Greening of Planes, Trains and Automobiles Moving goods and people around the world is responsible for a large part of global CO₂ emissions. As the world races to decarbonize everything, it faces particular problems with transportation — which accounts for about a quarter of our energy-related greenhouse gas emissions. Here’s the breakdown of the emissions in 2018 for different modes of transport: road (passenger) 45.1%, road (goods) 29.4%, shipping 11.6%, airplanes 8.5%, rail 5.4%. The fuels for transport need to be not just green, cheap and powerful, but also lightweight and safe enough to be carried around. Each mode of transport has its specific fuel needs. Much is still to be settled, but here are some of the solutions to get us going green. Planes are the hardest sector to decarbonize. One long-term option for sustainable fuel is to make synthetic hydrocarbons from recycled air. For cars, batteries are a perfect choice — they are energy-efficient and electric cars can plug into existing systems. New solid-state batteries will even take a car farther on a single charge. Trains are the easiest to electrify: some are already powered through rails or wires, and the rest can be transformed in simple ways. For trucks, hydrogen fuel cells are better than batteries for their lighter weight, though making green hydrogen is still expensive. Ships can use liquid ammonia, which is easy to store and transport, but it needs engine redesign as it is hard to ignite. This energy transition is global, and the amount of renewable energy the world will need is “a little bit mind-blowing”, says mechanical engineer Keith Wipke at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. It’s estimated that the global demand for electricity could more than double by 2050. Fortunately, analyses suggest that renewables are up to the task. “We need to speed up the development of green energy, and it will all get used,” Wipke adds. 5. What percentage of global transport emissions did road vehicles account for in 2018? A. 5.4% B. 11.6% C. 74.5% D. 86.1% 6. Which mode of transport can achieve low-carbon transformation most easily? A. Planes B. Trains C. Trucks D. Ships 7. What is a disadvantage of hydrogen fuel cells for trucks? A. The production of green hydrogen costs much. B. They cannot be connected to existing systems. C. They are too heavy for long-distance transport. D. They need a complete redesign of the truck engine. 8. What is Keith Wipke’s attitude towards renewable energy for transport decarbonization? A. Doubtful B. Unconcerned C. Critical D. Optimistic Passage 3 Carbon Neutrality: What It Means and How to Achieve It Carbon neutrality, or net zero carbon footprint, means achieving a balance between the carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere and the carbon sequestered or offset. In short, it is about making sure that the total carbon emissions are zero by any means. The concept is not just limited to CO₂; it also includes other greenhouse gases like methane and nitrous oxide, which are measured by their carbon dioxide equivalence. For both organizations and individuals, the best way to reach carbon neutrality is to reduce emissions first. Only the unavoidable emissions need to be offset. There are two common ways to achieve this status. One is to replace fossil fuels with renewable energy that produces the same amount of useful energy, thus compensating for carbon emissions. The other is carbon offsetting — paying others to remove the emitted CO₂, such as by planting trees, funding carbon reduction projects, or buying carbon credits through carbon trading. Countries around the world have made their own carbon neutrality commitments. The EU plans to achieve it by 2050, while Japan and South Korea have set the same timeline. China has promised to reach carbon neutrality before 2060, with carbon emissions peaking before 2030. These commitments require joint efforts from governments, enterprises and individuals. For individuals, small actions can make a big difference. Choosing public transport instead of private cars, saving electricity and water in daily life, reducing the use of disposable products, and planting trees are all effective ways to cut down personal carbon emissions. For enterprises, investing in green technologies, optimizing production processes, and participating in the carbon market are key steps. For governments, making strict carbon emission policies, supporting renewable energy development, and promoting international cooperation are essential. Carbon neutrality is not a single country’s task, but a global goal. It requires the world to work together to protect our common home. 9. What is the core meaning of carbon neutrality? A. Reducing the production of all greenhouse gases to zero. B. Using only renewable energy in all human activities. C. Balancing the released and offset carbon dioxide emissions. D. Planting enough trees to absorb all the emitted CO₂. 10. What is the first step for achieving carbon neutrality according to the passage? A. Buying carbon credits through carbon trading. B. Reducing the carbon emissions as much as possible. C. Funding carbon reduction projects around the world. D. Replacing all fossil fuels with solar and wind energy. 11. Which country has set the latest timeline for carbon neutrality? A. The EU B. Japan C. South Korea D. China 12. What can we learn from the passage? A. International cooperation is important for carbon neutrality. B. Carbon neutrality is only a task for governments and enterprises. C. Disposable products are the main cause of carbon emissions. D. Carbon offsetting is the most effective way to reduce emissions. Passage 4 The Role of Forests in Carbon Neutrality Forests are often called the "lungs of the earth" — they absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and release oxygen through photosynthesis, making them an important part of the global carbon cycle. In the process of pursuing carbon neutrality, forests play a pivotal role in carbon sequestration, which is one of the most cost-effective ways to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. A mature forest can absorb a large amount of CO₂ every year. For example, a hectare of broad-leaved forest can absorb about 15 tons of CO₂ annually. When trees are cut down or burned, the stored carbon is released back into the atmosphere, so protecting existing forests is the first step of forest carbon sequestration. In addition, afforestation and reforestation are also effective measures. Planting new forests in barren lands and restoring degraded forests can increase the total forest area and thus enhance the earth's carbon absorption capacity. However, forest carbon sequestration has its limitations. Forests need a long time to grow and absorb carbon — it may take decades for a young forest to become a mature one with strong carbon sequestration ability. Besides, extreme weather like wildfires and droughts can damage forests and reduce their carbon absorption capacity. What’s more, the amount of carbon that forests can absorb is limited, so forest carbon sequestration cannot replace the reduction of fossil fuel use and the development of renewable energy. Despite these limitations, forests are still an indispensable part of the carbon neutrality strategy. Many countries have included forest protection and afforestation in their low-carbon development plans. China, for example, has set a goal of increasing its forest coverage rate to 26% by 2035, which will greatly improve the country's carbon sequestration capacity. In conclusion, forest carbon sequestration is a valuable tool for achieving carbon neutrality, but it must be combined with other measures such as energy transformation and industrial upgrading. Only in this way can we effectively reach the global carbon neutrality goal. 13. What is the main function of forests in the carbon cycle? A. Releasing CO₂ through photosynthesis. B. Absorbing CO₂ and storing carbon from the air. C. Producing fossil fuels for human activities. D. Regulating the global temperature by releasing oxygen. 14. Which measure is NOT mentioned for forest carbon sequestration? A. Protecting the existing mature forests. B. Planting new forests in barren areas. C. Restoring the forests that have been degraded. D. Cutting down young forests to plant fast-growing trees. 15. What is a limitation of forest carbon sequestration? A. It costs a lot of money to plant and protect forests. B. Forests can absorb CO₂ only in the daytime. C. Forests need a long time to form carbon sequestration capacity. D. Mature forests will release carbon into the air automatically. 16. What can we conclude from the passage? A. Forest carbon sequestration is a cost-effective way for carbon neutrality. B. China’s forest coverage rate has already reached 26% by 2025. C. Forest carbon sequestration can replace renewable energy development. D. Extreme weather has no influence on forests' carbon sequestration ability. Answer:1.C 2.B 3.B 4.D 5.C 6.B 7.A 8.D 9.C 10.B 11.D 12.A 13.B 14.D 15.C 16.A 碳中和主题高考英语词汇 三天背诵版 Day 1（生僻词 + 高考重难点动词 / 动词短语 + 基础拓展主题词，侧重认知） 一、生僻词短语（10 个） sequester /sɪˈkwestə(r)/v.（碳）封存 offset /ˈɒfset/v. 抵消；弥补（碳排放量） intermittent /ˌɪntəˈmɪtənt/adj. 间歇的；断断续续的 permeable /ˈpɜːmiəbl/adj. 可渗透的 decarbonize /ˌdiːˈkɑːbənaɪz/v. 脱碳；减少碳排放 quota /ˈkwəʊtə/n. 配额；限额（碳排放配额） resilience /rɪˈzɪliəns/n. 恢复力；抗逆力（气候韧性） hectare /ˈhekteə(r)/n. 公顷 barren /ˈbærən/adj. 贫瘠的；荒芜的（土地） carbon sequestration 碳封存 二、高考重难点词汇短语（20 个，动词 / 动词短语） grapple with 努力应对；解决 fulfill /fʊlˈfɪl/v. 实现；履行（目标、承诺） deploy /dɪˈplɔɪ/v. 部署；利用（能源、资源） invest in 投资；投入 pioneer /ˌpaɪəˈnɪə(r)/v. 开创；倡导 cap /kæp/v. 设定上限 exceed /ɪkˈsiːd/v. 超过；超出 exemplify /ɪɡˈzemplɪfaɪ/v. 举例说明；体现 enhance /ɪnˈhɑːns/v. 提高；增强 persist /pəˈsɪst/v. 持续；存在 transition /trænˈzɪʃn/v. 转变；过渡 absorb /əbˈsɔːb/v. 吸收（碳、光）；理解 release /rɪˈliːs/v. 释放；发布 pursue /pəˈsjuː/v. 追求；致力于（目标） compensate for 弥补；补偿 optimize /ˈɒptɪmaɪz/v. 优化 promote /prəˈməʊt/v. 促进；推动；推广 combine /kəmˈbaɪn/v. 结合；联合（combine with） estimate /ˈestɪmeɪt/v. 估计；预估 speed up 加速；加快 三、拓展词汇短语（8 个，基础主题词） dual carbon goals 双碳目标 carbon neutrality 碳中和 renewable energy 可再生能源 fossil fuels 化石燃料 peak carbon emissions 碳排放达峰 cut down carbon emissions 减少碳排放 go green 向绿色转型；环保化 low-carbon /ˌləʊ ˈkɑːbən/adj. 低碳的 Day 2（剩余生僻词 + 高考重难点名词 + 拓展主题短语，侧重理解） 1、 生僻词短语（10 个） synthetic /sɪnˈθetɪk/adj. 合成的 hydrocarbons /ˌhaɪdrəʊˈkɑːbənz/n. 碳氢化合物 ammonia /əˈməʊniə/n. 氨；氨水 ignite /ɪɡˈnaɪt/v. 点燃；引燃 afforestation /əˌfɒrɪˈsteɪʃn/n. 造林；植树造林 reforestation /ˌriːˌfɒrɪˈsteɪʃn/n. 重新造林；再造林 degraded /dɪˈɡreɪdɪd/adj. 退化的（森林） equivalence /ɪˈkwɪvələns/n. 等价；等值（二氧化碳当量） solid-state battery 固态电池 hydrogen fuel cell 氢燃料电池 二、高考重难点词汇短语（20 个，核心名词） approach /əˈprəʊtʃ/n. 方法；途径 crisis /ˈkraɪsɪs/n. 危机（复数：crises） strategy /ˈstrætədʒi/n. 策略；战略 cornerstone /ˈkɔːnəstəʊn/n. 基石；核心 capacity /kəˈpæsəti/n. 容量；产能；能力 mechanism /ˈmekənɪzəm/n. 机制；体制 incentive /ɪnˈsentɪv/n. 激励；刺激 sector /ˈsektə(r)/n. 部门；领域 adaptation /ˌædæpˈteɪʃn/n. 适应；调整 scarcity /ˈskeəsəti/n. 短缺；匮乏 reliance /rɪˈlaɪəns/n. 依赖；依靠（reliance o n） greenhouse gas 温室气体 breakdown /ˈbreɪkdaʊn/n. 细分；分解 demand /dɪˈmɑːnd/n. 需求 concept /ˈkɒnsept/n. 概念；观念 commitment /kəˈmɪtmənt/n. 承诺；投入 cooperation /kəʊˌɒpəˈreɪʃn/n. 合作 cycle /ˈsaɪkl/n. 循环；周期（碳循环） limitation /ˌlɪmɪˈteɪʃn/n. 局限性；限制 emitter /ɪˈmɪtə(r)/n. 排放者；排放源 三、拓展词汇短语（10 个，进阶主题短语） net zero carbon footprint 净零碳足迹 national carbon market 全国碳市场 carbon trading 碳交易 carbon credits 碳信用 green hydrogen 绿氢 energy storage 储能 power sector 电力行业 heavy industries 重工业 sponge city 海绵城市 urban flooding 城市内涝 Day 3（高考重难点形容词 / 副词 + 拓展短语 + 衔接词，侧重活用与写作） 一、高考重难点词汇短语（18 个，形容词 / 副词） pivotal /ˈpɪvətl/adj. 关键的；核心的 ambitious /æmˈbɪʃəs/adj. 宏大的；有雄心的（目标） simultaneous /ˌsɪməlˈteɪniəs/adj. 同时的；同步的 financial /faɪˈnænʃl/adj. 金融的；财政的 significant /sɪɡˈnɪfɪkənt/adj. 重大的；显著的 complex /ˈkɒmpleks/adj. 复杂的 costly /ˈkɒstli/adj. 昂贵的；代价高的 sustainable /səˈsteɪnəbl/adj. 可持续的 efficient /ɪˈfɪʃnt/adj. 高效的（energy-efficient 节能的） indispensable /ˌɪndɪˈspensəbl/adj. 不可或缺的（be indispensable to） renewable /rɪˈnjuːəbl/adj. 可再生的 approximately /əˈprɒksɪmətli/adv. 大约；近似地 jointly /dʒɔɪntli/adv. 共同地；联合地 annually /ˈænjuəli/adv. 每年；一年一度地 globally /ˈɡləʊbəli/adv. 全球地；在全球范围内 inevitably /ɪnˈevɪtəbli/adv. 不可避免地 mind-blowing /ˈmaɪnd bləʊɪŋ/adj. 令人震惊的；难以置信的 industrial /ɪnˈdʌstriəl/adj. 工业的 二、拓展词汇短语（10 个，场景化短语） energy transition 能源转型 global carbon cycle 全球碳循环 forest coverage rate 森林覆盖率 industrial upgrading 产业升级 climate resilience 气候韧性 take a single charge 单次充电 work together 携手合作；共同努力 make a big difference 产生重大影响； 起重要作用 account for 占（比例）；解释 be responsible for 对…… 负责；是…… 的原因 三、阅读 / 写作衔接词（8 个，高频实用） in short 简而言之；总之 furthermore /ˈfɜːðəmɔː(r)/adv. 此外； 而且 simultaneously /ˌsɪməlˈteɪniəsli/adv.同时 yet /jet/conj. 然而；但是 in addition 此外；另外 what’s more 此外；而且 as a result 因此；结果 in conclusion 总之；最后 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $