专题02 选词填空（十一选十）（期中真题汇编，上海专用）高二英语下学期

专题02 选词填空（十一选十）（期中真题汇编，上海专用） 主题01 人与自我 Passage 1 (24-25高二下·上海莘庄中学·期中) Directions: complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one more word than you need. A．empathy B．absence C． involve D．closeness E. constant F. counter G. demands H. deserves I. exposed J. sympathy K. rooted A Bit of Outside Help If you haven’t experienced a significant loss in your life, then you are one of the lucky ones. If you have, then you probably already know how it feels like losing your mind. In her extensive grief research, Mary O’ Connor explains that when we experience a profound loss, our brains have to begin a very long process of rewiring all of the pathways and predictions they made based on a loved one’s presence, gradually switching over to an understanding of their 1 . It can take years for our bodies to make sense of the loss as we deal with 2 yearning (想念) while adapting to a new way of life. And it isn’t just our brain chemistry turned upside down, but our whole bodies too. Research shows that grief increases our heart rate and blood pressure, makes us more prone to heart attacks, raises the risk for other chronic diseases like diabetes and 3 to our loved ones is protective against all sorts of external stresses in everyday life. But when they are gone, we are more likely to feel 4 to what life throws at us, causing a flood of stress hormones that affect our immune system. This should encourage us to give our grief the space and support it 5 rather than shutting it away and avoiding it. Too often, we don’t know how to talk about grief, how to support the bodies of those grieving or how to show 6 for ourselves and each other. In many ways, the idea that grief progresses in stages towards an endpoint is deeply 7 . In reality, grief moves in cycles and is never “done”. In the shifting landscape of grief, what we need is solid ground on which to learn how to function anew without intrusion (侵入) from the 8 or our busy, indoor life. Time outside promotes mindfulness, allowing the griever to 9 themselves in the calming sense of nature. Getting outside often dials down the feelings of despair that grief ramps up, even if just for a short while. There isn’t yet much research on nature-based support for grieving people specifically, but there is a lot of research on the physiological benefits of connecting with nature that can usefully 10 many of the impacts of grief. Time outside lowers our blood pressure and the production of stress hormones, and decreases the risk of heart disease. Passage 2 (24-25高二下·上海行知中学·期中) Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．endured B．strong C． operating D．inspired E. facility F. stand G. orderly H. originally I. performing J. decade K. violence Denis Mukwege never intended to become Dr. Miracle, an award-winning gynecologist (妇科医生). He grew up in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) as a priest’s kid. In fact, it was visiting the sick with his father that 1 him to become a doctor in the first place. The country has 2 more than two decades of conflict, and Congolese women have suffered worst. Warring for control of the country’s gold and precious mineral deposits, rebel groups are cruelly attacking the region’s women. During the last 3 the DRC has actually been described as “the rape (强暴) capital of the world”. One study found that 48 women are raped every hour in the country. One man stands 4 against this hurt, and has done so for more than 20 years. He first set up the Panzi hospital — 5 made of tents — in 1998. After losing the hospital the same year in the crossfire of the Second Congo War, Mukwege rebuilt the following year. Since then, Panzi hospital has grown to become a major health 6 . There, Mukwege reportedly cares for more than 3,500 women a year, sometimes 7 as many as 10 operations a day. Last year while 8 in the hospital, Mukwege heard the news that he, along with Nadia Murad, had been awarded the 2018 Nobel Peace Prize. The prize centers on acknowledging “their efforts to end the use of sexual violence as a weapon of war.” He, a doctor, and she an Iraqi human rights activist who suffered in the same way that so many of Mukwege’s patients have, should inspire everyone to take a(n) 9 for peace. For Mukwege, “When I see how strong women are, all my motivation comes from them.” Winning the Peace Prize could be the first step toward an end to 10 against women. 主题02 人与社会 Passage 1 (24-25高二下·上海松江区第四中学·期中) Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．productive B．excel  C peaceful  D．physical  E. concentrating  F. especially G. drained  H. creating  I. initially  J. majority  K. recommend Multitasking — doing several things at a time — was once applauded as the best way to work. But does it actually help you get things done, or does it make you less effective? To some people, the advantages of multitasking seem obvious. If you can actually do two or more things at one time, that clearly saves time. It might also make you feel productive, which can in turn make you happy. However, a growing body of research shows that multitasking is not as 1 as it appears. It turns out that when most people multitask, they switch back and forth between 2 on two or more tasks instead of focusing on more than one thing at a time. But mental energy that could be spent working will be 3 if you change your focus constantly. It also causes you to take longer and make more mistakes, thus 4 stress. People who try to multitask often end up feeling more anxious and less 5 than people who don’t. There are some exceptions to the no-multitasking rule. A very small group of people — about two percent of the population — 6 at multitasking. These people, called supertaskers, are able to work on several things at once without their performance suffering. But experts caution: supertaskers are very rare. The 7 of people who think multitasking makes them more productive are fooling themselves. If you do want to multitask, productivity experts 8 doing it carefully. Pair a mentally challenging task with a 9 task that you don’t have to think about. For example, you could prepare a meal while talking on the phone. But when it’s important to do something well, do only that one thing. And 10 be cautious about doing anything else while you’re driving. Multitasking may sound productive, but it actually works against the goal of getting things done. Doing things one at a time usually helps people produce better work and get things done more efficiently. Passage 2 (24-25高二下·上海华东师范大学第二附属中学·期中) Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．automatically    B．bubble    C． counting     D．glances    E. hooked    F. indirectly G. measuring    H. practices     I. universal    J. unique    K viral Morning Routines: Why We Can’t Look Away Everyone has a morning routine, but yours likely doesn’t start before 4 a. m. or include spending hours drinking fancy water or jumping into a rooftop pool. Still, you might be one of the millions who watched the 1 video of a fitness trainer’s well-crafted morning routine, now with over 741 million views on the social media. While many have assumed the video is marketing for a certain product, it’s understandable to be fascinated by 2 at other people’s habits. “For better or for worse, it is in our nature to compare ourselves to others,” says Raphael Wald. “It is difficult for us as people to appreciate our successes without using others as a 3 tape.” Many competing feelings can arise during social comparison: Envy, admiration, motivation and fear of missing out. But often, shame and inadequacy 4 up to the top. The video is the latest in a series of morning habits shared on social media, all gaining millions of views. This fascination with others’ routines is nothing new. People have been 5 on how famous, successful figures spend their mornings for centuries. Benjamin Franklin wrote about his morning routine in his autobiography in the late 1700s, describing how he woke up at 5 a.m., set intentions for the day, read, and studied. In his 1854 book Walden, Henry David Thoreau discussed going for a swim during the “awakening hour.” These old-fashioned 6 have even aroused interest now; people in the present day are posting about their experiences trying, for instance, “The daily routine of the original Benjamin Franklin.” Mornings are a “ 7 ” experience, says Ben Bernstein. Everyone wakes up, gets dressed, and usually eats breakfast. Then, they go about their day, which is more 8 . “There’s a moment in time where people are doing similar things,” he says. It can feel predictable, so it’s often appealing to see how others spend that time. “We’re actually kind of living 9 through that person: If we have a routine and we follow these steps, then life can be smooth and free of stress,” Bernstein says. Research shows that morning routines can ease stress and increase energy. But routines should be tailored to your needs and lifestyle, says Dr. Alex Dimitriu. There’s no “secret sauce” for morning habits that will 10 help you become like someone you admire. Videos may be fun to watch, but Dimitriu urges taking them with “a grain of salt.” Passage 3 (24-25高二下·上海宜川中学·期中) Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．content    B. accessible    C. resolving    D. evolve    E. dramatically F. operational    G. vision    H. range    I. engage    J. distinctive K. expand Thanks to AI advances, digital avatars bearing a close resemblance to real humans in appearance and behavior have been put to service in not only fashion and livestreaming, but also a wide 1 of other activities, industry experts said. Li Shiyan, a big IT company’s Al engineer, said that by leveraging the real-time calculation and animation technologies offered by Xiling — the company’s digital avatar platform — the production cost of virtual clothing has been reduced 2 , and production periods shortened from more than one month to just a week. Li noted that an increasing number of brands are looking to use virtual beings in livestreaming and other marketing campaigns, which is expected to help enterprises reduce at least 50 percent of 3 costs by cutting spending on-brick-and-mortar livestreaming locations, hardware and hiring real human anchors. “The virtual human industry is still in an early stage, and there are some challenges, such as how to produce low-cost digital 4 , and how to make digital humans interact with real people more naturally,” Li said. And 5 these issues relies on iteration of technologies such as natural language processing and computer 6 , Li said, adding that the company will continue to pour capital and manpower into the digital human industry. The size of China’s virtual human market is forecast to reach 270 billion yuan by 2030, according to an industry report released by Qbit-AI, an industry services platform focusing on AI and other cutting-edge technology. According to experts, the fashion landscape is rapidly expanding its virtual horizon to prepare for a future populated by digital avatars, and the most 7 way for fashion brands to 8 with them is by dressing them in their latest collections. “The application of virtual humans in the fashion field has 9 advantages. Holding virtual fashion shows doesn’t just mean moving real-world shows online; more importantly, we can utilize digital space to 10 our interpretation of fashion and imagination for what is possible,” said Chen Duan, director of the Digital Economy Integration Innovation Development Center at the Central University of Finance and Economics. 主题03 人与自然 Passage 1 (24-25高二下·上海嘉定区中光高级中学·期中) Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．adventures  B．companions  C． lighting  D．gentle  E. inspiring F. isolated  G. patterns  H. surrounded  I. warmth  J. natural  K. welcoming A Writer’s Home Every year, Ava MacKinnon, who writes about nature and the environment, looks forward to spending time in her home in the Scottish Highlands. It’s a special spot where she feels at peace, 1 by nature’s beauty. Her little cottage near Loch Affric isn’t just a place to stay; it’s where her heart feels most at home, away from the noise and rush of cities. It’s her perfect spot for writing. In this quiet part of the world, Ava wakes up to the cheerful music of the birds and the 2 light of the morning sun streaming in. She writes her stories on an old, reliable typewriter. Everything she sees around her, from the local wildlife to the delicate 3 made by frost on the glass, captures her imagination and becomes part of her writing. For Ava, 4 and stories don’t require a long journey. They are right outside her door, in the forest, by the lake, and in the mountains. She takes these experiences and weaves them into her work, helping others see the beauty and importance of the 5 world. In the afternoons, Ava often goes for walks. The quiet paths by the lake and the rustling (沙沙作响的) leaves are like friends, sharing their secrets and 6 her next piece. This connection to nature is what makes her writing so special. When the day starts to fade, Ava finds 7 and comfort in her cottage. The fire and the taste of hot tea are her evening 8 . She reflects on the day’s writing and gathers her thoughts for the next day. Although she enjoys being alone, she doesn’t feel 9 . The local community is friendly and 10 , and their histories enrich her own stories, adding a sense of time to her environmental messages. Passage 2 (24-25高二下·上海嘉定一中·期中) Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.   A．starve  B．overtake  C． fundamentals  D．consuming  E. backfires  F. contain  G. developing  H. thin  I. evacuating  J. supplies  K. present How Wildfires Can Grow Deadly Overnight In the past two decades, the number of Americans at risk of experiencing a wildfire has doubled. At the beginning of 2025, multiple large wildfires burning around Los Angeles had tens of thousands of residents 1 as the fires showed no sign of slowing their spread.   The spark that caused the fires is under investigation, but the risk of wildfires 2 has been extremely high in Southern California. January is typically the rainy season in Los Angeles, but this winter, rainfall has been scarce. Besides, the region’s seasonal winds created 100 mph gusts in some areas. These warm, dry winds spread the hot ashes that spark new flames and can make it more difficult for firefighters to   3 fires.   Wildfires can burn millions of acres of land at shockingly fast speeds, 4 everything in their paths. These rolling flames travel up to 14 miles an hour, which converts to about a four-minute-mile pace, and can 5 the average human in minutes.   That’s why it’s critical to understand how wildfires get started and how to stop them. Natural or man-made, three conditions must be 6 for wildfire to burn: fuel, oxygen, and a heat source. Firefighters call these three elements the fire triangle.   Firefighters battle blazes by depriving them of one or more of the fire triangle 7 . One traditional method is to put out existing fires with water and spray fire retardants (阻燃剂). Firefighters also sometimes work in teams to clear vegetation from the land around a fire and eventually 8 it of fuel. They may also employ controlled burning, creating   9 breaks to stop a wildfire. This method involves fighting fire with fire. These prescribed — and controlled — fires remove undergrowth, brush, and litter from a forest, depriving an otherwise raging wildfire of fuel.   Although they can be dangerous to humans, naturally occurring wildfires play an integral role in nature. By burning dead or decaying matter, they can return otherwise trapped nutrients to the soil. Besides, wildfires 10 forest canopies (树冠) and undergrowth, allowing sunlight to reach the forest floor and a new generation of seedlings to grow. In fact, some trees, like sequoias, rely on fire for their seeds to even open. 主题01 人与自我 Passage 1 (24-25高二下·上海七宝中学·期中) Directions: In this section, fill the blanks using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．complex    B．demands    C． falsely    D．extensive    E. head-on    F. promising    G. topic    H. transfer    I. shape    J. accurately    K. self-fulfilling Writing as a Skill A realistic attitude about writing must build on the idea that writing is a skill, not a “natural gift”. Like any skill, it can be learned as long as you have the determination to learn, and give yourself 1 practice. People often fear that they are the only ones for whom writing is unbearably difficult. Such people typically say, “I am not any good at writing.” Often, the result of this attitude is that people try to avoid writing. It becomes a(n) 2 prediction: their writing fails chiefly because they have brainwashed themselves into believing they don’t have the “natural talent”. Many people find it difficult to do the intense, active thinking that clear writing 3 . It is frustrating to discover how much of a challenge it is to 4 thoughts and feelings from one’s hand onto the page. But writing is not an automatic process. For almost everyone, competent writing comes from plain hard work-determination, sweat, and 5 battle. Additionally, many people 6 believe that writing should flow in a straight line from the writer’s head onto the written page. But a finished paper seldom comes out in the first draft. The truth is writing is a process of discovery involving a series of steps, which are very often a zigzag journey. For example, Diane Woods had been assigned to write about an annoyance in everyday life. She did not know what specific annoyances she would choose; instead, she just began writing about them in general. One of those annoyances was traffic, which seemed 7 , so she began putting down details that came to her. One detail was the traffic she had to deal with in going to the movies. That made her think of the traffic in the parking lot at the theater 8 . At that point, it dawned on her that, instead of traffic, moviegoing itself was an annoyance. She switched direction in midstream and began writing down ideas and details about moviegoing. The point is writing is often a process of continuing discovery. You may be working on a(n) 9 sentence and realize suddenly that it could be your concluding thought. Writers frequently do not know their exact destination as they begin to write. Very often they discover the direction and 10 of a paper during the process of writing. Passage 2 (24-25高二下·上海闵行区六校联考·期中) Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．challenging  B．costly  C． exclusion  D．guaranteed  E. necessarily  F. performed   G. scale  H. similarly  I. suffering  J. tracked  K. centers Is more happiness always better than less? The researchers asked college students to rate their feelings on a   1 from “unhappy” to “very happy” and compared the results with academic and social outcomes. Though the “very happy” participants had the best social lives, they 2 worse in school than those who were merely “happy”. The researchers then examined a data set from another study that rated college freshman’s “cheerfulness” and 3 their income nearly two decades later. They found that the most cheerful were not the highest earners. That distinction once again went to the second-highest group, which rated their cheerfulness as “above average”. As with everything in life, happiness has its trade-offs. Pursuing happiness to the 4 of other goals — known as psychological hedonism (享乐主义) — not only is in vain, but may also give you a life where you do not reach your full potential, where you are unwilling to take risks, where you choose temporary pleasures over 5 experiences that give life meaning. The way to understand the study above is not to deny that happiness is good; rather, it is to remember that a little bit of unhappiness has benefits. When I talk with people about their fear of negative outcomes in life, their true source of fear, in many cases, 6 on how they will feel about having failed, not about the consequences of failure itself. This is similar to the way discomfort with uncertainty causes more anxiety than 7 bad news. To avoid these bad feelings, people give up all kinds of opportunities that involve the possibility of failure. However, bringing good things into your life, whether love or career success, usually involves risk. Risk does not, of course, 8 make us happy. A risky life will very likely bring disappointment, but it can bring greater rewards than a life played safe, as the studies suggested. None of this is to say that we are foolish for wanting to be happy. On the contrary, the desire for happiness is natural and normal. However, making the quest for positive feelings your highest or only goal is a 9 life strategy. Endless happiness is impossible to achieve, and doing so sacrifices many of the elements of a good life. As the Canadian-American psychologist Paul Bloom wrote, “It’s the 10 we choose that affords the most opportunity for pleasure, meaning, and personal growth.” 主题02 人与社会 Passage 1 (24-25高二下·上海静安区新中高级中学·期中) Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once.Note that there is one word more than you need. A．bonds        B．feature        C． distinctly        D．dedicated        E. awakenıng        F. twist G. standout    H. perceive    I. evolving        J. determined        K. strikingly Tan Dun, a renowned composer, is celebrated for blending ancient traditions with modern creativity. Nurtured in a Hunan village, Tan’s artistic 1 stemmed from Ghost Opera-a ritual heritage blending Taoism, Buddhism, and nature worship. His childhood dream to become a shaman who could “ 2 the wind’s whispers and decode stone-leaf dialogues” shaped his artistic vision through spiritual 3 to the natural world. A life-changing moment came at age 16 when Tan heard a symphony. The emotional power of Beethoven’s Fifth Symphony by the Philadelphia Orchestra deeply moved him. 4 to master this art form, he studied at China’s Central Conservatory of Music and later in New York. Two decades later, he was invited to work with the Philadelphia Orchestra, bringing his journey full circle. Tan’s music often draws on the sounds of nature. One of his 5 works, The Map, features unconventional instruments such as water bowls, stones, and rice paper. In Passacaglia: Secret of Wind and Birds, Tan seamlessly blends the sounds of wind and birds with orchestral instruments. This creates a rich experience that evokes the dynamic interplay between humans and the natural world. Tan is also 6 to preserving China’s musical heritage. Folk music and cultural elements 7 in many of his works. He has also brought a modern 8 ” to ancient instruments, like the suona. In 2017, Tan reimagined Hundreds of Birds Paying Homage to Phoenix for orchestra, performing it in Sydney with suona player Liu Wenwen. This fusion (融合) of Chinese and Western music captivated global audiences. In 2024, Tan paid tribute to (向…致敬) Beethoven with Choral Concerto: Nine in Bonn. Blending Schiller’s “Ode to Joy” with Chinese poetry by Qu Yuan and Li Bai, it explorers universal brotherhood and man-nature harmony, echoing Beethoven’s Ninth Symphony while presenting a(n) 9 Eastern perspective For Tan, music is a(n) 10 force, much like a river flowing through time. His works honor past traditions while embracing modern innovations, bridging the past with the future. As he says, “The world is one home,” and music, with its power to unite, connects people across cultures and generations. Passage 2 (24-25高二下·上海嘉定一中·期中) Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．actions   B．choosing   C． exercising   D．grounded   E. intentional   F. modest G. passengers   H. predictive   I. separating   J. thoughts   K. weighing Free Will Under the Scanner One night, while lying awake, I found myself turning over different ways to begin an essay. I imagined sentence after sentence, 1 how each might flow into the next. All the while, neurons (神经元) were quietly firing in my brain. That neural activity helps explain why I had those 2 — but does it also mean I had no choice in the matter? Some scientists believe so. A number of influential studies suggest that our brains launch 3 before we are aware of making a decision. In the 1980s, Benjamin Libet found that electrical signals in the brain — so-called readiness potentials — appear before people report choosing to move. More recent studies have found similar results, sometimes detecting 4 brain activity several seconds in advance. These findings have led some researchers to conclude that free will doesn’t exist — that the brain, not the mind, determines what we do. Neuroscientist John-Dylan Haynes, for instance, has argued that our decisions are “predetermined,” and that the brain is “making the decision before the person.” Philosopher and biologist Jerry Coyne goes further, claiming that none of our choices result from 5 reflection at all. But do these experiments really show that we are mere 6 , watching decisions unfold from the backseat? Not quite. The tasks involved in these studies, like 7 between two buttons, are simple. They do not reflect the kind of thoughtful planning we engage in every day. Moreover, the power of early brain signals is 8 at best. In many cases, it’s only slightly more accurate than a coin flip (抛硬币). Other research shows that conscious (有意识的) thought does matter. Forming specific intentions, reflecting on goals, and 9 self-control can significantly influence our actions. These processes, though 10 in the brain, are central to what we understand as free will. Passage 3 (24-25高二下·上海延安中学·期中) Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．channel    B．exaggerate    C． comparison    D．upbeat    E. bottling up F. rolled out    G. recycled    H. project    I. sanity    J. integrating    K. embark on The Power of Sustainable Living and Mental Wellness In recent years, the global push toward sustainability has made eco-friendly practices more mainstream. One notable trend is the increasing use of 1 materials in industries ranging from fashion to construction. Designers now create stylish furniture from reclaimed wood, while major brands produce sneakers using ocean plastics. This shift not only reduces waste but also raises public awareness about environmental responsibility. At the same time, mental health awareness has grown significantly. Experts emphasize the importance of staying 2 despite life’s challenges. Social media, however, presents a double-edged sword. While platforms can inspire positivity, they also fuel unrealistic 3 . Some reality shows, designed to keep you glued to the screen, often 4 results—whether it’s weight loss transformations or instant career success. Such portrayals can distort expectations, leading to frustration and self-doubt among viewers. To combat these issues, psychologists recommend proactive strategies. Instead of 5 emotions, individuals should 6 energies into outlets like sports, painting, or journaling. Physical activity, for instance, releases endorphins that naturally elevate mood. Schools and workplaces are also adopting measures to support mental well-being. A government-backed mental health initiative is set to be 7 across the country next year, offering free counseling sessions and stress-management workshops. Parents play a crucial role in this ecosystem. Therapists warn against the tendency to 8 your own anxieties onto children, such as pressuring them to excel academically because of personal unfulfilled ambitions. Open communication and empathy are key to fostering resilience. For those feeling overwhelmed, simple practices like mindfulness or unplugging from digital devices can help restore one’s 9 . Ultimately, sustainability and mental wellness share a common thread: small, consistent actions lead to meaningful change. Whether it’s choosing a reusable water bottle or practicing gratitude daily, these habits serve as the building block for a healthier, more balanced life. As society continues to evolve, 10 environmental consciousness with emotional well-being will be essential for future generations. 试卷第12页，共13页 试卷第13页，共13页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题02 选词填空（十一选十）（期中真题汇编，上海专用） 主题01 人与自我 Passage 1 (24-25高二下·上海莘庄中学·期中) Directions: complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one more word than you need. A．empathy B．absence C． involve D．closeness E. constant F. counter G. demands H. deserves I. exposed J. sympathy K. rooted A Bit of Outside Help If you haven’t experienced a significant loss in your life, then you are one of the lucky ones. If you have, then you probably already know how it feels like losing your mind. In her extensive grief research, Mary O’ Connor explains that when we experience a profound loss, our brains have to begin a very long process of rewiring all of the pathways and predictions they made based on a loved one’s presence, gradually switching over to an understanding of their 1 . It can take years for our bodies to make sense of the loss as we deal with 2 yearning (想念) while adapting to a new way of life. And it isn’t just our brain chemistry turned upside down, but our whole bodies too. Research shows that grief increases our heart rate and blood pressure, makes us more prone to heart attacks, raises the risk for other chronic diseases like diabetes and 3 to our loved ones is protective against all sorts of external stresses in everyday life. But when they are gone, we are more likely to feel 4 to what life throws at us, causing a flood of stress hormones that affect our immune system. This should encourage us to give our grief the space and support it 5 rather than shutting it away and avoiding it. Too often, we don’t know how to talk about grief, how to support the bodies of those grieving or how to show 6 for ourselves and each other. In many ways, the idea that grief progresses in stages towards an endpoint is deeply 7 . In reality, grief moves in cycles and is never “done”. In the shifting landscape of grief, what we need is solid ground on which to learn how to function anew without intrusion (侵入) from the 8 or our busy, indoor life. Time outside promotes mindfulness, allowing the griever to 9 themselves in the calming sense of nature. Getting outside often dials down the feelings of despair that grief ramps up, even if just for a short while. There isn’t yet much research on nature-based support for grieving people specifically, but there is a lot of research on the physiological benefits of connecting with nature that can usefully 10 many of the impacts of grief. Time outside lowers our blood pressure and the production of stress hormones, and decreases the risk of heart disease. 【答案】 1．B 2．E 3．D 4．I 5．H 6．J 7．K 8．G 9．C 10．F 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要阐述了经历重大失去后悲痛对大脑和身体的影响，强调要给予悲痛足够支持，还指出接触大自然有助于缓解悲痛。 1．考查名词。句意：在她广泛的悲伤研究中，玛丽·奥康纳解释说，当我们经历重大损失时，我们的大脑必须开始一个非常漫长的过程，重新连接所有基于亲人的存在而形成的路径和预测，逐渐转变为对他们缺席的理解。前文提到经历重大失去，大脑要重新适应，这里说从基于亲人“存在”的认知转变，那对应的就是亲人的“缺席”。结合语境，此处需要一个表示“不在、缺席”意思的名词，“absence”符合要求，与“presence”对应。故选项B。 2．考查形容词。句意：当我们在适应新的生活方式的同时，还要应对持续的思念之情，我们的身体可能需要数年时间才能理解这种损失。失去亲人后的思念通常是不间断的，根据“yearning(想念)”以及要表达这种想念的状态，需要一个能体现“持续、不断”含义的形容词，“constant”有持续的意思，能准确描述这种状态。故选项E。 3．考查名词。句意：研究表明，悲痛会增加我们的心率和血压，使我们更容易患心脏病，增加患糖尿病等其他慢性病的风险，而与亲人的亲密关系能抵御日常生活中的各种外部压力。后面提到这种状态能抵御压力，结合生活常识可知，与亲人的“亲密关系”可以起到保护作用。这里需要一个表示“亲密”概念的名词，“closeness”正合适。故选项D。 4．考查形容词短语。句意：但当他们离开后，我们更容易受到生活的冲击，导致大量应激激素泛滥，影响我们的免疫系统。亲人离开后，我们会变得更脆弱，更容易受到生活中各种情况的影响。“be/feel exposed to”有“易受……影响”的意思，符合失去亲人后我们的状态。故选项I。 5．考查动词。句意：这应该鼓励我们给悲痛应有的空间和支持，而不是将其隐藏和回避。前面提到悲痛对身心有诸多影响，所以我们应该给予它相应的空间和支持，也就是悲痛“值得”这样的对待。“deserves”表示“值得”，符合语境。故选项H。 6．考查名词。句意：很多时候，我们不知道如何谈论悲痛，如何支持那些悲痛者的身体，或者如何对自己和他人表示同情。在面对悲痛时，我们需要知道如何对自己和他人表达一种关怀和理解的情感。“show sympathy for”是固定表达，意为“对……表示同情”，符合此处要表达的对自己和他人在悲痛时的态度。故选项J。 7．考查形容词。句意：在很多方面，认为悲痛会分阶段发展到一个终点的观点根深蒂固。“the idea that grief progresses in stages towards an endpoint (悲痛分阶段发展到终点的观点)”在很多人观念里是很牢固的。“be rooted”表示“根深蒂固”，能很好地描述这种观点在人们心中的状态。故选项K。 8．考查名词。句意：在悲痛不断变化的情况下，我们需要坚实的基础，以便在不受需求或忙碌的室内生活干扰的情况下，重新学习如何生活。这里说要在不受某种因素干扰的情况下重新学习生活，结合前文提到的忙碌的室内生活以及整体语境，应该是不受生活的“需求”干扰，“demands”有“需求”之意。故选项G。 9．考查动词。句意：到户外去能促进正念，让悲痛者沉浸在大自然的宁静氛围中。到户外去能让悲痛者处于大自然的宁静氛围中，“involve oneself in”有“使自己参与、沉浸于”的意思，能体现出悲痛者在大自然中放松、融入的状态。故选项C。 10．考查动词。句意：虽然目前还没有太多关于专门为悲痛者提供基于自然的支持的研究，但有很多关于与大自然接触的生理益处的研究，这些益处可以有效地对抗悲痛的许多影响。前面提到与大自然接触有很多生理益处，这里说这些益处和悲痛的影响之间的关系，应该是能“对抗”悲痛的影响。“counter”有“对抗”的意思，符合逻辑。故选项F。 Passage 2 (24-25高二下·上海行知中学·期中) Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．endured B．strong C． operating D．inspired E. facility F. stand G. orderly H. originally I. performing J. decade K. violence Denis Mukwege never intended to become Dr. Miracle, an award-winning gynecologist (妇科医生). He grew up in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) as a priest’s kid. In fact, it was visiting the sick with his father that 1 him to become a doctor in the first place. The country has 2 more than two decades of conflict, and Congolese women have suffered worst. Warring for control of the country’s gold and precious mineral deposits, rebel groups are cruelly attacking the region’s women. During the last 3 the DRC has actually been described as “the rape (强暴) capital of the world”. One study found that 48 women are raped every hour in the country. One man stands 4 against this hurt, and has done so for more than 20 years. He first set up the Panzi hospital — 5 made of tents — in 1998. After losing the hospital the same year in the crossfire of the Second Congo War, Mukwege rebuilt the following year. Since then, Panzi hospital has grown to become a major health 6 . There, Mukwege reportedly cares for more than 3,500 women a year, sometimes 7 as many as 10 operations a day. Last year while 8 in the hospital, Mukwege heard the news that he, along with Nadia Murad, had been awarded the 2018 Nobel Peace Prize. The prize centers on acknowledging “their efforts to end the use of sexual violence as a weapon of war.” He, a doctor, and she an Iraqi human rights activist who suffered in the same way that so many of Mukwege’s patients have, should inspire everyone to take a(n) 9 for peace. For Mukwege, “When I see how strong women are, all my motivation comes from them.” Winning the Peace Prize could be the first step toward an end to 10 against women. 【答案】 1．D 2．A 3．J 4．B 5．H 6．E 7．I 8．C 9．F 10．K 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了刚果妇科医生Denis Mukwege的事迹，他在该国多年冲突中为受暴力侵害的女性提供治疗，获2018年诺贝尔和平奖。 1．考查动词。句意：事实上，最初是和父亲一起去看望病人激励他成为一名医生。根据后文“him to become a doctor”可知，此处表示激励他成为医生，inspire sb. to do sth.是固定用法，意为“激励某人做某事”，inspire作谓语动词，事情发生在过去，用一般过去时。故选D。 2．考查动词。句意：这个国家经历了二十多年的冲突，刚果妇女遭受的苦难最为严重。根据后文“more than two decades of conflict”可知，此处表示经历冲突，endure意为“忍受，经历”，作谓语，用过去分词endured构成现在完成时态has endured。故选A。 3．考查名词。句意：在过去的十年里，刚果民主共和国实际上被描述为“世界强奸之都”。根据语境可知，这里说的是过去的一段时间，结合所给词汇，decade意为“十年”，符合语境。故选J。 4．考查副词。句意：有一个人强烈地反对这种伤害，并且已经这样做了二十多年。stand strong against是固定表达，意为“坚定地反对”，副词strong作状语，意为“强烈地，猛烈地”。故选B。 5．考查副词。句意：他于1998年首次建立了潘齐医院，最初是由帐篷搭建而成的。根据前文“He first set up the Panzi hospital”和后文“made of tents”可推知，潘齐医院最初由帐篷搭建而成，用副词originally来修饰整个短语，作状语，意为“最初，原先”。故选H。 6．考查名词。句意：从那时起，潘齐医院已经发展成为一个主要的医疗设施。根据前文“Panzi hospital has grown to become a major...”和常识可知，这里说的是医院成为一个医疗设施，名词facility意为“设施”，符合语境。故选E。 7．考查动词。句意：在那里，据报道Mukwege每年要照顾3500多名妇女，有时一天要做多达10台手术。根据后文“as many as 10 operations a day”可知，此处表示做手术，perform operations是固定表达，意为“做手术”，这里用现在分词，作伴随状语。故选I。 8．考查动词。句意：去年，当他在医院做手术时，Mukwege听到了他和Nadia Murad获得208年诺贝尔和平奖的消息。根据前文“There, Mukwege reportedly cares for more than 3,500 women a year, sometimes 7 as many as 10 operations a day.”和后文“in the hospital”可推知，Mukwege在医院做手术，用动词operate，意为“做手术”，while引导省略的时间状语从句，完整形式是while he was operating，省略了主语和be动词，保留现在分词operating。故选C。 9．考查动词短语。句意：他，一位医生，和她，一位像Mukwege的许多病人一样遭受苦难的伊拉克人权活动家，应该激励每个人为和平挺身而出。结合前文“a doctor”和“human rights activist”可推知，两者都会为和平挺身而出，用动词短语take a stand for，意为“为……挺身而出”。故选F。 10．考查名词。句意：获得和平奖可能是结束对妇女暴力行为的第一步。根据前文提到的妇女遭受强暴等内容可知，这里说的是结束对妇女的暴力，用名词violence作宾语，意为“暴力”。故选K。 主题02 人与社会 Passage 1 (24-25高二下·上海松江区第四中学·期中) Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．productive B．excel  C peaceful  D．physical  E. concentrating  F. especially G. drained  H. creating  I. initially  J. majority  K. recommend Multitasking — doing several things at a time — was once applauded as the best way to work. But does it actually help you get things done, or does it make you less effective? To some people, the advantages of multitasking seem obvious. If you can actually do two or more things at one time, that clearly saves time. It might also make you feel productive, which can in turn make you happy. However, a growing body of research shows that multitasking is not as 1 as it appears. It turns out that when most people multitask, they switch back and forth between 2 on two or more tasks instead of focusing on more than one thing at a time. But mental energy that could be spent working will be 3 if you change your focus constantly. It also causes you to take longer and make more mistakes, thus 4 stress. People who try to multitask often end up feeling more anxious and less 5 than people who don’t. There are some exceptions to the no-multitasking rule. A very small group of people — about two percent of the population — 6 at multitasking. These people, called supertaskers, are able to work on several things at once without their performance suffering. But experts caution: supertaskers are very rare. The 7 of people who think multitasking makes them more productive are fooling themselves. If you do want to multitask, productivity experts 8 doing it carefully. Pair a mentally challenging task with a 9 task that you don’t have to think about. For example, you could prepare a meal while talking on the phone. But when it’s important to do something well, do only that one thing. And 10 be cautious about doing anything else while you’re driving. Multitasking may sound productive, but it actually works against the goal of getting things done. Doing things one at a time usually helps people produce better work and get things done more efficiently. 【答案】 1．A 2．E 3．G 4．H 5．C 6．B 7．J 8．K 9．D 10．F 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了多任务处理的效果、弊端、例外情况及相关建议。 1．考查形容词。句意：然而，越来越多的研究表明，多任务处理并不像它看起来那样高效。本空作表语，根据上文“It might also make you feel productive, which can in turn make you happy.”可知，此处用形容词productive意为“高效的”符合语境。故选A。 2．考查动词。句意：事实上，当大多数人进行多任务处理时，他们其实是在两个或多个任务之间来回切换注意力，而不是真正地同时专注于多件事。本空作介词between的宾语，根据“they switch back and forth”以及“instead of focusing on more than one thing at a time.”可知，他们来回转换，不能真正地专注于多件事情，由此可知，此处表示“专注于”为concentrating on，与focusing on呼应。故选E。 3．考查动词。句意：但如果你不断改变注意力，本可用于工作的精神能量就会被消耗掉。本空作表语，根据“if you change your focus constantly.”可知，不断转移注意力，会“耗尽精神能量”，所以此处为drained意为“耗尽”符合语境。故选G。 4．考查动词。句意：这也会导致你花费更长时间、犯更多错误，从而产生压力。本空作结果状语，根据“It also causes you to take longer and make more mistakes”以及thus可知，此处表示“产生”压力，符合语境，所以此处使用create，与逻辑主语之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词。故选H。 5．考查形容词。句意：尝试多任务处理的人往往比不这样做的人更焦虑，更不平静。本空作表语，与anxious相对，用peaceful意为“平静的”符合语境。故选C。 6．考查动词。句意：一小部分人——约占人口的2%——擅长多任务处理。本空作谓语，根据语境和“There are some exceptions to the no-multitasking rule.”可知，也有一些例外情况，也就是有一部分人“擅长”多任务，所以此处表示“擅长”为动词短语excel at。故选B。 7．考查名词。句意：大多数认为多任务处理能让自己更高效的人其实在自欺欺人。本空作主语，根据句意以及“But experts caution: supertaskers are very rare.”可知，多任务是少见的，由此可知，此处表示“大多数”为the majority，与“a very small group”形成对比。故选J。 8．考查动词。句意：如果你确实想进行多任务处理，效率专家建议谨慎行事。本空作谓语，根据句意以及“Pair a mentally challenging task with a ___9___  task that you don’t have to think about.”可知，此处指的是专家“建议”，为动词recommend，后接doing sth.。故选K。 9．考查形容词。句意：将具有精神挑战性的任务与无需思考的体力任务搭配。本空作定语修饰task，与mentally challenging相对，用physical意为“体力的”符合语境。故选D。 10．考查副词。句意：尤其是在开车时，要谨慎对待做其他任何事情。本空修饰be cautious，用副词especially意为“尤其”，强调开车时的特殊情况。故选F。 Passage 2 (24-25高二下·上海华东师范大学第二附属中学·期中) Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．automatically    B．bubble    C． counting     D．glances    E. hooked    F. indirectly G. measuring    H. practices     I. universal    J. unique    K viral Morning Routines: Why We Can’t Look Away Everyone has a morning routine, but yours likely doesn’t start before 4 a. m. or include spending hours drinking fancy water or jumping into a rooftop pool. Still, you might be one of the millions who watched the 1 video of a fitness trainer’s well-crafted morning routine, now with over 741 million views on the social media. While many have assumed the video is marketing for a certain product, it’s understandable to be fascinated by 2 at other people’s habits. “For better or for worse, it is in our nature to compare ourselves to others,” says Raphael Wald. “It is difficult for us as people to appreciate our successes without using others as a 3 tape.” Many competing feelings can arise during social comparison: Envy, admiration, motivation and fear of missing out. But often, shame and inadequacy 4 up to the top. The video is the latest in a series of morning habits shared on social media, all gaining millions of views. This fascination with others’ routines is nothing new. People have been 5 on how famous, successful figures spend their mornings for centuries. Benjamin Franklin wrote about his morning routine in his autobiography in the late 1700s, describing how he woke up at 5 a.m., set intentions for the day, read, and studied. In his 1854 book Walden, Henry David Thoreau discussed going for a swim during the “awakening hour.” These old-fashioned 6 have even aroused interest now; people in the present day are posting about their experiences trying, for instance, “The daily routine of the original Benjamin Franklin.” Mornings are a “ 7 ” experience, says Ben Bernstein. Everyone wakes up, gets dressed, and usually eats breakfast. Then, they go about their day, which is more 8 . “There’s a moment in time where people are doing similar things,” he says. It can feel predictable, so it’s often appealing to see how others spend that time. “We’re actually kind of living 9 through that person: If we have a routine and we follow these steps, then life can be smooth and free of stress,” Bernstein says. Research shows that morning routines can ease stress and increase energy. But routines should be tailored to your needs and lifestyle, says Dr. Alex Dimitriu. There’s no “secret sauce” for morning habits that will 10 help you become like someone you admire. Videos may be fun to watch, but Dimitriu urges taking them with “a grain of salt.” 【答案】 1．K 2．D 3．G 4．B 5．E 6．H 7．I 8．J 9．F 10．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章围绕人们对他人早晨习惯视频的关注展开，探讨了这种现象背后的原因，指出早晨习惯虽有一定益处，但应根据个人情况定制。 1．考查形容词。句意：然而，你可能是数百万观看了一位健身教练精心打造的早晨习惯的热门视频的人之一，该视频在社交媒体上的浏览量现已超过7.41亿次。分析句子可知，空格处需填入一个形容词来修饰名词video。viral意为“像病毒般扩散的，广为传播的”，viral video是常见搭配，结合后文提到的超高浏览量，viral符合语境，能体现出这个视频的火爆程度。故选K项。 2．考查名词。句意：虽然很多人认为这个视频是为某一产品做营销，但人们会被看别人的习惯所吸引，这是可以理解的。 分析句子可知，介词by后面需要一个名词，glances在这里构成固定短语glances at，意为“瞥一眼，看一下”，“be fascinated by glances at other people’s habits”表示“被看别人习惯这件事所吸引”，符合文意。故选D项。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：拉斐尔·沃尔德说：“不管是好是坏，拿自己和别人作比较是我们的天性。对我们人类来说，如果不把别人当作衡量标准，就很难欣赏自己的成功。” 分析句子可知，空格处需要一个词来修饰tape，measuring tape是“卷尺”的意思，这里将他人比作衡量自己成功的“卷尺”，形象地表达了人们在社会比较中以他人为参照的行为，现在分词measuring符合要求。故选G项。 4．考查动词。句意：但在社会比较中，羞耻和不足的感觉往往会浮现出来。分析句子可知，空格处需要一个动词，bubble up是固定短语，意为“涌现，冒出”，bubble up to the top表示这些负面情绪占据主导，符合语境。故选B项。 5．考查形容词。句意：几个世纪以来，人们一直着迷于著名的成功人士如何度过他们的早晨。分析句子可知，be动词后面需要一个形容词，be hooked on是固定搭配，意为“对……着迷，上瘾”，结合前文人们对他人早晨习惯视频的关注，hooked符合文意。 故选E项。 6．考查名词。句意：这些老式的习惯做法如今甚至还引起了人们的兴趣；如今，人们正在发布关于他们尝试，比如“本杰明·富兰克林最初的日常习惯”的经历。根据前面的These以及语境，这里需要一个名词复数，practices有“习惯，惯例，做法”的意思，These old-fashioned practices表示“这些老式的习惯做法”，符合语境。 故选H项。 7．考查形容词。句意：本·伯恩斯坦说，早晨是一种“普遍的”体验。分析句子可知，空格处需要一个形容词来修饰experience，根据后文“Everyone wakes up, gets dressed, and usually eats breakfast.”可知，每个人早上都会做这些事，说明这是一种普遍的经历，universal意为“普遍的，通用的”，符合要求。故选I项。 8．考查形容词。句意：然后，他们开始一天的生活，这更具独特性。分析句子可知，空格处需要一个形容词作表语，前文提到早上大家做的事情有相似性，是普遍的经历，而白天的活动更具个人特色，unique意为“独特的，独一无二的”，与前面的普遍形成对比，符合逻辑。故选J项。 9．考查副词。句意：伯恩斯坦说：“实际上，我们是通过那个人间接地体验生活：如果我们有一套日常习惯并遵循这些步骤，那么生活就会顺利且没有压力。” 分析句子可知，空格处需要一个副词来修饰动词living，indirectly意为“间接地”，结合语境，我们通过看别人的早晨习惯视频，间接体验到遵循这些步骤可能带来的生活状态，indirectly符合文意。故选F项。 10．考查副词。句意：没有一种早晨习惯的“秘诀”能自动地帮助你变得像你钦佩的人。分析句子可知，空格处需要一个副词来修饰动词help，automatically意为“自动地，自然而然地”，结合前文提到早晨习惯应根据个人需求定制，说明没有一种方法能让你自动变成你钦佩的人，automatically符合语境。 故选A项。 Passage 3 (24-25高二下·上海宜川中学·期中) Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．content    B. accessible    C. resolving    D. evolve    E. dramatically F. operational    G. vision    H. range    I. engage    J. distinctive K. expand Thanks to AI advances, digital avatars bearing a close resemblance to real humans in appearance and behavior have been put to service in not only fashion and livestreaming, but also a wide 1 of other activities, industry experts said. Li Shiyan, a big IT company’s Al engineer, said that by leveraging the real-time calculation and animation technologies offered by Xiling — the company’s digital avatar platform — the production cost of virtual clothing has been reduced 2 , and production periods shortened from more than one month to just a week. Li noted that an increasing number of brands are looking to use virtual beings in livestreaming and other marketing campaigns, which is expected to help enterprises reduce at least 50 percent of 3 costs by cutting spending on-brick-and-mortar livestreaming locations, hardware and hiring real human anchors. “The virtual human industry is still in an early stage, and there are some challenges, such as how to produce low-cost digital 4 , and how to make digital humans interact with real people more naturally,” Li said. And 5 these issues relies on iteration of technologies such as natural language processing and computer 6 , Li said, adding that the company will continue to pour capital and manpower into the digital human industry. The size of China’s virtual human market is forecast to reach 270 billion yuan by 2030, according to an industry report released by Qbit-AI, an industry services platform focusing on AI and other cutting-edge technology. According to experts, the fashion landscape is rapidly expanding its virtual horizon to prepare for a future populated by digital avatars, and the most 7 way for fashion brands to 8 with them is by dressing them in their latest collections. “The application of virtual humans in the fashion field has 9 advantages. Holding virtual fashion shows doesn’t just mean moving real-world shows online; more importantly, we can utilize digital space to 10 our interpretation of fashion and imagination for what is possible,” said Chen Duan, director of the Digital Economy Integration Innovation Development Center at the Central University of Finance and Economics. 【答案】 1．H 2．E 3．F 4．A 5．C 6．G 7．B 8．I 9．J 10．K 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍数字虚拟形象的应用、优势、面临挑战及市场前景。 1．考查固定搭配。句意：行业专家表示，由于人工智能的进步，在外观和行为上与真人极为相似的数字虚拟形象不仅在时尚和直播领域得到应用，还在广泛的其他活动中得到应用。a wide range of是固定短语，意为“广泛的”，本空用名词range，故选H。 2．考查副词。句意：大型IT公司的人工智能工程师Li Shiyan表示，通过利用该公司的数字虚拟形象平台Xiling提供的实时计算和动画技术，虚拟服装的制作成本大幅降低，制作周期从一个多月缩短至仅一周。本空修饰reduced，用副词dramatically“显著地，大幅度地”，作状语。故选E。 3．考查形容词。句意：李指出，越来越多的品牌希望在直播和其他营销活动中使用虚拟人，预计这将通过削减实体直播场地、硬件和聘请真人主播的开支，帮助企业降低至少50%的运营成本。本空修饰名词，用形容词，此处指表示“运营的”，用operational，故选F。 4．考查名词。句意：李说：“虚拟人行业仍处于早期阶段，存在一些挑战，比如如何制作低成本的数字内容，以及如何让数字人与真人更自然地互动。”本空作produce的宾语，用名词，根据digital可知，用名词content“内容”，digital content“数字内容”，故选A。 5．考查非谓语动词。句意：李说，解决这些问题依赖于自然语言处理和计算机视觉等技术的迭代，并补充说公司将继续向数字人行业投入资金和人力。根据these issues可知，本空用动词resolve“解决”，本句谓语为relies on，此处为非谓语动词，应用动名词resolving，作主语。故选C。 6．考查名词。句意同上。根据computer可知，本空用vision，computer vision“计算机视觉”，是一个专业术语，与natural language processing并列，故选G。 7．考查形容词。句意：根据专家的说法，时尚领域正在迅速拓展其虚拟视野，为一个由数字虚拟化身构成的未来做好准备，而时尚品牌与这些虚拟化身互动的最便捷方式是为它们穿上品牌的最新系列服装。本空作way的定语，用形容词accessible“可接近的，便捷的”，符合语境，故选B。 8．考查动词。句意同上。engage with是固定短语，意为“与……互动，与……接触”。位于不定式符号to后，动词用原形。故选I。 9．考查形容词。句意：“虚拟人在时尚领域的应用有独特的优势。举办虚拟时装秀不仅仅意味着将现实世界的时装秀搬到网上；更重要的是，我们可以利用数字空间来扩展我们对时尚的诠释和对可能性的想象，”中央财经大学数字经济融合创新发展中心主任Chen Duan说。本空修饰名词advantages，用形容词distinctive“独特的，与众不同的”，作定语。故选J。 10．考查动词。句意同上。位于不定式符号to后，本空用动词原形，根据our interpretation of fashion可知，用动词expand“扩展，扩大”。故选K。 主题03 人与自然 Passage 1 (24-25高二下·上海嘉定区中光高级中学·期中) Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．adventures  B．companions  C． lighting  D．gentle  E. inspiring F. isolated  G. patterns  H. surrounded  I. warmth  J. natural  K. welcoming A Writer’s Home Every year, Ava MacKinnon, who writes about nature and the environment, looks forward to spending time in her home in the Scottish Highlands. It’s a special spot where she feels at peace, 1 by nature’s beauty. Her little cottage near Loch Affric isn’t just a place to stay; it’s where her heart feels most at home, away from the noise and rush of cities. It’s her perfect spot for writing. In this quiet part of the world, Ava wakes up to the cheerful music of the birds and the 2 light of the morning sun streaming in. She writes her stories on an old, reliable typewriter. Everything she sees around her, from the local wildlife to the delicate 3 made by frost on the glass, captures her imagination and becomes part of her writing. For Ava, 4 and stories don’t require a long journey. They are right outside her door, in the forest, by the lake, and in the mountains. She takes these experiences and weaves them into her work, helping others see the beauty and importance of the 5 world. In the afternoons, Ava often goes for walks. The quiet paths by the lake and the rustling (沙沙作响的) leaves are like friends, sharing their secrets and 6 her next piece. This connection to nature is what makes her writing so special. When the day starts to fade, Ava finds 7 and comfort in her cottage. The fire and the taste of hot tea are her evening 8 . She reflects on the day’s writing and gathers her thoughts for the next day. Although she enjoys being alone, she doesn’t feel 9 . The local community is friendly and 10 , and their histories enrich her own stories, adding a sense of time to her environmental messages. 【答案】 1．H 2．D 3．G 4．A 5．J 6．E 7．I 8．B 9．F 10．K 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。短文主要介绍了自然与环境作家艾娃・麦金农位于苏格兰高地的家，描绘了她在那里的生活及创作，展现了自然环境对她写作的影响以及当地社区的氛围。 1．考查过去分词。句意：这是一个特别的地方，她在这里感到宁静，被自然之美环绕。根据“by nature’s beauty”可知，“surrounded by...” 为过去分词短语作状语，表示 “被…… 环绕”，符合句意，故填H。 2．考查形容词。句意：在这个宁静的世界里，艾娃在鸟儿欢快的歌声和清晨柔和的阳光照耀下醒来。根据上文“In this quiet part of the world”可知，“gentle” 意为 “柔和的”，修饰 “light”作定语，形容阳光柔和，符合句意。故填D。 3．考查名词。句意：她周围看到的一切，从当地的野生动物到玻璃上霜形成的精致图案，都激发了她的想象力，并成为她写作的一部分。根据下文“made by frost on the glass”可知，“patterns” 表示 “图案”作宾语。符合句意，故填G。 4．考查名词。句意：对艾娃来说，冒险和故事不需要长途旅行。“adventures”与“stories” 并列作主语，意为 “冒险经历”，符合句意，故填A。 5．考查形容词。句意：她将这些经历融入作品中，帮助其他人看到自然世界的美丽和重要性。“natural world” 表示“自然世界”，“natural”修饰“world”作定语，符合句意。故填J。 6．考查现在分词。句意：湖边安静的小径和沙沙作响的树叶就像朋友一样，分享它们的秘密并激发她的下一篇作品。根据上文“The quiet paths by the lake and the rustling (沙沙作响的) leaves”可知，“inspiring” 为现在分词作状语，与“sharing” 并列，意为 “激发”，符合句意。故填E。 7．考查名词。句意：当白昼开始消逝，艾娃在她的小屋里找到了温暖和慰藉。“warmth”与 “comfort”并列作宾语，意为 “温暖”，符合在小屋中感受到温暖的语境，符合句意。故填I。 8．考查名词。句意：炉火和热茶的味道是她夜晚的陪伴。根据上文“The fire and the taste of hot tea”可知，“companions” 表示 “陪伴者；伙伴”，符合句意，作表语。故填B。 9．考查形容词。句意：尽管她喜欢独处，但她并不感到孤独。根据上文“Although she enjoys being alone”可知，“isolated” 意为 “孤独的；孤立的”作表语，符合句意，故填F。 10．考查形容词。句意：当地社区友好且热情好客，他们的历史丰富了她自己的故事，为她的环保信息增添了一种历史感。“welcoming”意为“热情好客的”，与“friendly”并列作表语，故填K。 Passage 2 (24-25高二下·上海嘉定一中·期中) Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.   A．starve  B．overtake  C． fundamentals  D．consuming  E. backfires  F. contain  G. developing  H. thin  I. evacuating  J. supplies  K. present How Wildfires Can Grow Deadly Overnight In the past two decades, the number of Americans at risk of experiencing a wildfire has doubled. At the beginning of 2025, multiple large wildfires burning around Los Angeles had tens of thousands of residents 1 as the fires showed no sign of slowing their spread.   The spark that caused the fires is under investigation, but the risk of wildfires 2 has been extremely high in Southern California. January is typically the rainy season in Los Angeles, but this winter, rainfall has been scarce. Besides, the region’s seasonal winds created 100 mph gusts in some areas. These warm, dry winds spread the hot ashes that spark new flames and can make it more difficult for firefighters to   3 fires.   Wildfires can burn millions of acres of land at shockingly fast speeds, 4 everything in their paths. These rolling flames travel up to 14 miles an hour, which converts to about a four-minute-mile pace, and can 5 the average human in minutes.   That’s why it’s critical to understand how wildfires get started and how to stop them. Natural or man-made, three conditions must be 6 for wildfire to burn: fuel, oxygen, and a heat source. Firefighters call these three elements the fire triangle.   Firefighters battle blazes by depriving them of one or more of the fire triangle 7 . One traditional method is to put out existing fires with water and spray fire retardants (阻燃剂). Firefighters also sometimes work in teams to clear vegetation from the land around a fire and eventually 8 it of fuel. They may also employ controlled burning, creating   9 breaks to stop a wildfire. This method involves fighting fire with fire. These prescribed — and controlled — fires remove undergrowth, brush, and litter from a forest, depriving an otherwise raging wildfire of fuel.   Although they can be dangerous to humans, naturally occurring wildfires play an integral role in nature. By burning dead or decaying matter, they can return otherwise trapped nutrients to the soil. Besides, wildfires 10 forest canopies (树冠) and undergrowth, allowing sunlight to reach the forest floor and a new generation of seedlings to grow. In fact, some trees, like sequoias, rely on fire for their seeds to even open. 【答案】 1．I 2．G 3．F 4．D 5．B 6．K 7．C 8．A 9．E 10．H 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了野火如何在一夜之间变得致命，介绍了野火发生的原因、蔓延速度、燃烧条件以及扑灭野火的方法和野火对自然的作用。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：2025年初，洛杉矶周围发生了多起大型野火，由于火势没有减缓的迹象，数万名居民被疏散。空处为非谓语动词作宾语补足语，evacuate“疏散”为动词，与residents之间为主动关系，其现在分词evacuating符合句意。故填I项。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：引发火灾的火花正在调查中，但在南加州，野火发生的风险一直极高。空处为非谓语动词，作介词of后的宾语，develop“发生”为动词，且与逻辑主语wildfires为主动关系，其现在分词developing符合句意。故填G项。 3．考查动词。句意：这些温暖、干燥的风将炽热的灰烬吹散，引发新的火焰，并可能使消防员更难控制火势。空处为不定式to后的动词原形，contain“控制”为动词，符合句意。故填F项。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：野火能以惊人的速度烧毁数百万英亩的土地，吞噬沿途的一切。空处为非谓语动词作状语，consume“吞噬”为动词，且与逻辑主语Wildfires之间为主动关系，其现在分词consuming符合句意。故填D项。 5．考查动词。句意：这些滚动的火焰以每小时14英里的速度移动，相当于每分钟四英里的速度，几分钟内就能超过普通人的速度。空处为情态动词can后的动词原形，overtake“超过”为动词，符合句意。故填B项。 6．考查形容词。句意：无论是自然发生的还是人为造成的，野火燃烧必须具备三个条件：燃料、氧气和热源。空处为形容词作表语，present“在场的，存在的”为形容词，符合句意。故填K项。 7．考查名词。句意：消防员通过剥夺火灾三角形的其中一个或多个要素来扑灭大火。空处为介词of后的名词，fundamental“基本要素”为可数名词，其复数形式fundamentals符合句意。故填C项。 8．考查动词。句意：消防员有时也会分组工作，清除火灾周围的植被，最终使火势缺乏燃料。空处与clear并列，为不定式to后的动词原形，作目的状语，starve“使……缺乏”为动词，starve sth. of sth.意为“使某物缺乏某物”，符合句意。故填A项。 9．考查名词。句意：他们还可能采用控制燃烧的方法，制造防火带以阻止野火蔓延。空处为名词作定语，修饰名词breaks，backfires“(为形成防火隔离带而有意点燃的) 迎面火”为名词，符合句意。故填E项。 10．考查动词。句意：此外，野火使森林树冠和下层植被变薄，让阳光能够照射到森林地面，使新一代树苗得以生长。空处为谓语动词，thin“使……变薄”为动词，符合句意，且句子陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语Wildfires为复数，动词用原形。故填H项。 主题01 人与自我 Passage 1 (24-25高二下·上海七宝中学·期中) Directions: In this section, fill the blanks using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．complex    B．demands    C． falsely    D．extensive    E. head-on    F. promising    G. topic    H. transfer    I. shape    J. accurately    K. self-fulfilling Writing as a Skill A realistic attitude about writing must build on the idea that writing is a skill, not a “natural gift”. Like any skill, it can be learned as long as you have the determination to learn, and give yourself 1 practice. People often fear that they are the only ones for whom writing is unbearably difficult. Such people typically say, “I am not any good at writing.” Often, the result of this attitude is that people try to avoid writing. It becomes a(n) 2 prediction: their writing fails chiefly because they have brainwashed themselves into believing they don’t have the “natural talent”. Many people find it difficult to do the intense, active thinking that clear writing 3 . It is frustrating to discover how much of a challenge it is to 4 thoughts and feelings from one’s hand onto the page. But writing is not an automatic process. For almost everyone, competent writing comes from plain hard work-determination, sweat, and 5 battle. Additionally, many people 6 believe that writing should flow in a straight line from the writer’s head onto the written page. But a finished paper seldom comes out in the first draft. The truth is writing is a process of discovery involving a series of steps, which are very often a zigzag journey. For example, Diane Woods had been assigned to write about an annoyance in everyday life. She did not know what specific annoyances she would choose; instead, she just began writing about them in general. One of those annoyances was traffic, which seemed 7 , so she began putting down details that came to her. One detail was the traffic she had to deal with in going to the movies. That made her think of the traffic in the parking lot at the theater 8 . At that point, it dawned on her that, instead of traffic, moviegoing itself was an annoyance. She switched direction in midstream and began writing down ideas and details about moviegoing. The point is writing is often a process of continuing discovery. You may be working on a(n) 9 sentence and realize suddenly that it could be your concluding thought. Writers frequently do not know their exact destination as they begin to write. Very often they discover the direction and 10 of a paper during the process of writing. 【答案】 1．D 2．K 3．B 4．H 5．E 6．C 7．F 8．A 9．G 10．I 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要阐述了写作是一种可以通过学习获得的技能，而非天赋。 1．考查形容词。句意：如同任何技能一样，只要你有决心去学习，并给自己大量的练习，写作技能是可以学会的。空处修饰名词practice ，需用形容词作定语，表示“大量的”应用形容词extensive。故选D。 2．考查形容词。句意：这变成了一种自我实现的预言：他们的写作失败主要是因为他们给自己洗脑，让自己相信自己没有“天赋”。空处修饰名词prediction，需用形容词作定语，表示“自我实现的”应用形容词self-fulfilling。故选K。 3．考查动词时态。句意：许多人发现，要进行清晰写作所要求的那种深入、积极的思考是很困难的。空处作谓语，表示“要求”应用demand，陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，主语为clear writing，谓语用第三人称单数形式。故选B。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：发现把思想和情感从脑海中转移到纸上是多么具有挑战性，这是令人沮丧的。it是形式主语，to是动词不定式符号，故此处用动词原形，表示“转移”应用动词transfer。故选H。 5．考查形容词。句意：对几乎所有人来说，出色的写作来自于纯粹的努力工作——决心、汗水和正面的努力。修饰名词battle，需用形容词作定语，表示“正面交锋的”应用形容词head-on。故选E。 6．考查副词。句意：此外，许多人错误地认为写作应该从作者的脑海中直接流畅地写到纸上。修饰动词believe需用副词作状语，表示“错误地”应用副词falsely。故选C。 7．考查形容词。句意：其中一个烦恼是交通问题，这似乎很有潜力，所以她开始写下想到的细节。空处作表语，需用形容词，表示“有希望的”应用promising。故选F。 8．考查名词。句意：这让她想到了电影院停车场复杂的交通情况。“theater complex”表示“综合影院”。故选A。 9．考查名词。句意：你可能正在写一个主题句，突然意识到它可能是你的总结性想法。空处修饰名词sentence，需用名词作定语，表示“主题”应用名词topic。故选G。 10．考查名词。句意：他们常常在写作过程中发现一篇文章的方向和形式。空处和direction并列，作宾语，需用名词，表示“形状”应用名词shape。故选I。 Passage 2 (24-25高二下·上海闵行区六校联考·期中) Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．challenging  B．costly  C． exclusion  D．guaranteed  E. necessarily  F. performed   G. scale  H. similarly  I. suffering  J. tracked  K. centers Is more happiness always better than less? The researchers asked college students to rate their feelings on a   1 from “unhappy” to “very happy” and compared the results with academic and social outcomes. Though the “very happy” participants had the best social lives, they 2 worse in school than those who were merely “happy”. The researchers then examined a data set from another study that rated college freshman’s “cheerfulness” and 3 their income nearly two decades later. They found that the most cheerful were not the highest earners. That distinction once again went to the second-highest group, which rated their cheerfulness as “above average”. As with everything in life, happiness has its trade-offs. Pursuing happiness to the 4 of other goals — known as psychological hedonism (享乐主义) — not only is in vain, but may also give you a life where you do not reach your full potential, where you are unwilling to take risks, where you choose temporary pleasures over 5 experiences that give life meaning. The way to understand the study above is not to deny that happiness is good; rather, it is to remember that a little bit of unhappiness has benefits. When I talk with people about their fear of negative outcomes in life, their true source of fear, in many cases, 6 on how they will feel about having failed, not about the consequences of failure itself. This is similar to the way discomfort with uncertainty causes more anxiety than 7 bad news. To avoid these bad feelings, people give up all kinds of opportunities that involve the possibility of failure. However, bringing good things into your life, whether love or career success, usually involves risk. Risk does not, of course, 8 make us happy. A risky life will very likely bring disappointment, but it can bring greater rewards than a life played safe, as the studies suggested. None of this is to say that we are foolish for wanting to be happy. On the contrary, the desire for happiness is natural and normal. However, making the quest for positive feelings your highest or only goal is a 9 life strategy. Endless happiness is impossible to achieve, and doing so sacrifices many of the elements of a good life. As the Canadian-American psychologist Paul Bloom wrote, “It’s the 10 we choose that affords the most opportunity for pleasure, meaning, and personal growth.” 【答案】 1．G 2．F 3．J 4．C 5．A 6．K 7．D 8．E 9．B 10．I 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了快乐也有平衡，多一点幸福并不总是比少一点好，适当的不开心可以提高对生活的感受和解决问题的能力。 1．考查名词。句意：研究人员要求大学生对自己的感受进行打分，从“不开心”到“非常开心”，并将结果与学业和社交结果进行比较。空处应填名词单数作宾语，结合“from ‘unhappy’ to ‘very happy’”可知，此处指“从‘不开心’到‘开心’的范围”，scale“范围”符合语境，故选G。 2．考查动词。句意：尽管“非常开心”的参与者拥有最好的社交生活，但他们在学校的表现却不如那些仅仅“开心”的人。空处是谓语动词，陈述过去的事情，用一般过去时；根据“worse in school”可知，此处指“在学校表现得更差”，performed“表现”符合语境，故选F。 3．考查动词。句意：然后，研究人员检查了另一项研究中的数据集，该研究对大学新生的“快乐程度”进行了评级，并追踪了他们近20年后的收入。空处和examined是并列的谓语动词，应填动词过去式，结合“their income nearly two decades later”可知， 此处指“追踪了他们近20年后的收入”，tracked“追踪，跟踪”符合语境，故选J。 4．考查名词。句意：只追求幸福而不追求其他目标——被称为心理享乐主义——不仅是徒劳的，而且可能会让你的生活无法充分发挥你的潜力，你不愿冒险，你选择暂时的快乐而不是赋予生活意义的挑战经历。空处应填名词作宾语，结合“known as psychological hedonism (享乐主义)”可知，此处指“只追求幸福而排除其他目标”，exclusion“排除”符合语境，故选C。 5．考查形容词。句意同上。空处应填形容词作定语，修饰名词experiences，此处和“temporary pleasures”相对，再由空后“that give life meaning”可知，此处指“有挑战性的经历”，challenging“有挑战性的”符合语境，故选A。 6．考查动词。句意：当我和人们谈论他们对生活中消极结果的恐惧时，在许多情况下，他们真正的恐惧来源集中在他们对失败的感受上，而不是失败本身的后果。空处是谓语动词，结合“their true source of fear”以及空后的“on”可知，center on“以……为中心”符合语境，陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语 their true source of fear是单数，谓语动词用单数形式。故选K。 7．考查形容词。句意：这类似于对不确定性的不安会导致比肯定的坏消息更多的焦虑。此处和“uncertainty”相对，表示“对不确定性的不安会导致比肯定的坏消息更多的焦虑”，guaranteed“确定会发生的”符合语境，故选D。 8．考查副词。句意：当然，冒险不一定会让我们快乐。空处修饰谓语动词，应用副词形式，结合下文“A risky life will very likely bring disappointment”可知，冒险不一定会让我们快乐，necessarily“必然地”符合语境，故选E。 9．考查形容词。句意：然而，把追求积极的感觉作为你最高或唯一的目标是一种代价高昂的生活策略。空处应填形容词作定语，修饰名词短语life strategy，结合下文“Endless happiness is impossible to achieve, and doing so sacrifices many of the elements of a good life.(无尽的幸福是不可能实现的，这样做会牺牲许多美好生活的元素)”可知，此处指“代价高昂的生活策略”，costly“昂贵的，代价高的”符合语境，故选B。 10．考查名词。句意：正如加拿大裔美国心理学家Paul Bloom所写的那样，“我们选择的苦难为我们提供了获得快乐、意义和个人成长的最多机会。”空处应填名词作主语，结合上文“Endless happiness is impossible to achieve, and doing so sacrifices many of the elements of a good life.(无尽的幸福是不可能实现的，这样做会牺牲许多美好生活的元素)”可知，无尽的幸福是不可能实现的，这样做会牺牲许多美好生活的元素，所以此处指“苦难”，suffering“痛苦，苦难”符合语境，故选I。 主题02 人与社会 Passage 1 (24-25高二下·上海静安区新中高级中学·期中) Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once.Note that there is one word more than you need. A．bonds        B．feature        C． distinctly        D．dedicated        E. awakenıng        F. twist G. standout    H. perceive    I. evolving        J. determined        K. strikingly Tan Dun, a renowned composer, is celebrated for blending ancient traditions with modern creativity. Nurtured in a Hunan village, Tan’s artistic 1 stemmed from Ghost Opera-a ritual heritage blending Taoism, Buddhism, and nature worship. His childhood dream to become a shaman who could “ 2 the wind’s whispers and decode stone-leaf dialogues” shaped his artistic vision through spiritual 3 to the natural world. A life-changing moment came at age 16 when Tan heard a symphony. The emotional power of Beethoven’s Fifth Symphony by the Philadelphia Orchestra deeply moved him. 4 to master this art form, he studied at China’s Central Conservatory of Music and later in New York. Two decades later, he was invited to work with the Philadelphia Orchestra, bringing his journey full circle. Tan’s music often draws on the sounds of nature. One of his 5 works, The Map, features unconventional instruments such as water bowls, stones, and rice paper. In Passacaglia: Secret of Wind and Birds, Tan seamlessly blends the sounds of wind and birds with orchestral instruments. This creates a rich experience that evokes the dynamic interplay between humans and the natural world. Tan is also 6 to preserving China’s musical heritage. Folk music and cultural elements 7 in many of his works. He has also brought a modern 8 ” to ancient instruments, like the suona. In 2017, Tan reimagined Hundreds of Birds Paying Homage to Phoenix for orchestra, performing it in Sydney with suona player Liu Wenwen. This fusion (融合) of Chinese and Western music captivated global audiences. In 2024, Tan paid tribute to (向…致敬) Beethoven with Choral Concerto: Nine in Bonn. Blending Schiller’s “Ode to Joy” with Chinese poetry by Qu Yuan and Li Bai, it explorers universal brotherhood and man-nature harmony, echoing Beethoven’s Ninth Symphony while presenting a(n) 9 Eastern perspective For Tan, music is a(n) 10 force, much like a river flowing through time. His works honor past traditions while embracing modern innovations, bridging the past with the future. As he says, “The world is one home,” and music, with its power to unite, connects people across cultures and generations. 【答案】 1．E 2．H 3．A 4．J 5．G 6．D 7．B 8．F 9．C 10．I 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述著名作曲家谭盾将古代传统与现代创意融合的艺术生涯，介绍其作品特色、对音乐遗产的保护及跨文化融合的成就。 1．考查名词。句意：谭盾在湖南的一个村庄长大，他的艺术觉醒源于《幽灵歌剧》—— 一种融合道教、佛教和自然崇拜的仪式遗产。设空处作主语，需填名词。根据“from Ghost Opera-a ritual heritage blending Taoism, Buddhism, and nature worship”可知，awakening：指谭盾的艺术觉醒源于《鬼歌剧》，体现其灵感的起源。故填E。 2．考查动词。句意：他童年时梦想成为一名萨满，能够 “感知风的低语，解读石叶的对话”这种通过与自然世界的精神联结形成的愿景塑造了他的艺术视野。设空处与“decode” 并列，需填动词原形。“perceive（感知）” 与 “风的低语” 搭配合理，意为 “感知 / 察觉”符合语境。故填H。 3．考查名词。句意：同上。设空处作介词“through”的宾语，需填名词。“bonds（联结，纽带）”与“spiritual（精神的）” 搭配，指“与自然世界的精神联结”，符合语境。故填A。 4．考查形容词。句意：他决心掌握这种艺术形式，先后在中国中央音乐学院和纽约学习。设空处作状语，修饰整个句子，需填形容词（过去分词转化的形容词表状态）。根据下文“he studied at China’s Central Conservatory of Music and later in New York.”可知，“determined(决心的)” 构成 “determined to do sth.”结构，表“决心做某事”，符合语境。故填J。 5．考查形容词。 句意：他的杰出作品之一《地图》，以水碗、石头、宣纸等非常规乐器为特色。 设空处修饰“works”，需填形容词作定语。“standout(杰出的，引人注目的)” 符合语境。故填G。 6．考查形容词。句意：谭盾还致力于保护中国的音乐遗产。设空处作表语，需填形容词。“dedicated（专注的，献身的）”构成“be dedicated to doing sth.” 结构，表示 “致力于做某事”，符合语境。故填D。 7．考查动词原形。句意：民间音乐和文化元素在他的许多作品中占重要地位。设空处作谓语，需填动词原形。主语为复数，动词用原形。“feature(以…… 为特色，占重要地位)” 符合语境。故填B。 8．考查名词。句意：他还为唢呐等古代乐器带来了现代的 “创新”。设空处作宾语，需填名词。“twist(转折，创新)” 此处指 “现代创新”，符合 语境。故填F。 9．考查副词。句意：它融合了席勒的《欢乐颂》与中国屈原、李白的诗歌，探讨了普世兄弟情谊和人与自然的和谐，呼应了贝多芬的第九交响曲，同时呈现了鲜明的东方视角。设空处修饰形容词 “Eastern”，需填副词。“distinctly(鲜明地，明显地)”强调“东方视角的独特性”，符合语境。故填C。 10．考查形容词。句意：对谭来说，音乐是一种不断发展的力量，就像一条流过时间的河流。设空处修饰 “force”，需填形容词。“evolving(不断发展的)” 符合语境。故填I。 Passage 2 (24-25高二下·上海嘉定一中·期中) Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．actions   B．choosing   C． exercising   D．grounded   E. intentional   F. modest G. passengers   H. predictive   I. separating   J. thoughts   K. weighing Free Will Under the Scanner One night, while lying awake, I found myself turning over different ways to begin an essay. I imagined sentence after sentence, 1 how each might flow into the next. All the while, neurons (神经元) were quietly firing in my brain. That neural activity helps explain why I had those 2 — but does it also mean I had no choice in the matter? Some scientists believe so. A number of influential studies suggest that our brains launch 3 before we are aware of making a decision. In the 1980s, Benjamin Libet found that electrical signals in the brain — so-called readiness potentials — appear before people report choosing to move. More recent studies have found similar results, sometimes detecting 4 brain activity several seconds in advance. These findings have led some researchers to conclude that free will doesn’t exist — that the brain, not the mind, determines what we do. Neuroscientist John-Dylan Haynes, for instance, has argued that our decisions are “predetermined,” and that the brain is “making the decision before the person.” Philosopher and biologist Jerry Coyne goes further, claiming that none of our choices result from 5 reflection at all. But do these experiments really show that we are mere 6 , watching decisions unfold from the backseat? Not quite. The tasks involved in these studies, like 7 between two buttons, are simple. They do not reflect the kind of thoughtful planning we engage in every day. Moreover, the power of early brain signals is 8 at best. In many cases, it’s only slightly more accurate than a coin flip (抛硬币). Other research shows that conscious (有意识的) thought does matter. Forming specific intentions, reflecting on goals, and 9 self-control can significantly influence our actions. These processes, though 10 in the brain, are central to what we understand as free will. 【答案】 1．K 2．J 3．A 4．H 5．E 6．G 7．B 8．F 9．C 10．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过神经科学实验与哲学观点探讨自由意志是否存在，指出尽管大脑活动可能提前触发简单决策，但复杂意图和自控力仍支持人类拥有自由意志。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：我想象一句接一句，权衡每句如何衔接。句子已有谓语，空处作状语，结合“how each might flow into the next”可推知，K项weighing“权衡”符合题意，表示“权衡每句如何衔接”。故选K。 2．考查名词。句意：这种神经活动解释了我为何会产生那些想法——但这是否意味着我别无选择？空处作had的宾语，结合上文“I imagined sentence after sentence”可推知，J项thoughts“想法”符合题意，表示“我为何会产生那些想法”。故选J。 3．考查名词。句意：多项重要研究表明，大脑会在我们意识到决策前启动行动。空处作launch的宾语，结合下文“electrical signals in the brain — so-called readiness potentials — appear”可推知，A项actions“行动”符合题意，表示“启动行动”。故选A。 4．考查形容词。句意：更近期的研究甚至检测到提前数秒的预测性脑活动。空处作修饰brain activity的定语，结合“detecting”和“in advance”可推知，H项predictive“预测性的”符合题意，表示“检测到提前数秒的预测性脑活动”。故选H。 5．考查形容词。句意：哲学家和生物学家杰里·科因更进一步，声称我们的任何选择都不是来自有意识的反思。空处作修饰reflection的定语，结合上文“our decisions are “predetermined,” and that the brain is “making the decision before the person.””可推知，E项intentional“有意识的”符合题意，表示“哲学家和生物学家杰里·科因更进一步，声称我们的任何选择都不是来自有意识的反思”。故选E。 6．考查名词。句意：但这些实验真能证明我们只是乘客，旁观决策从后座自行展开吗？空处作表语，结合“watching decisions unfold from the backseat”可推知，G项passengers“乘客”符合题意，表示“我们只是乘客”。故选G。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：这些研究中涉及的类似选择按钮的任务过于简单。空处作like的宾语，结合“between two buttons”可推知，B项choosing“选择”符合题意，表示“选择按钮”。故选B。 8．考查形容词。句意：此外，早期脑信号的预测力是十分有限的。空处作表语，结合下文“In many cases, it’s only slightly more accurate than a coin flip (抛硬币).”可推知，F项modest“不太大的，有限的”符合题意，表示“早期脑信号的预测力是十分有限的”。故选F。 9．考查非谓语动词。句意：制定明确意图、反思目标、行使自控力，都能显著影响行为。空处和前面的动名词短语并列，作主语，结合“self-control”可推知，C项exercising“行使”符合题意，表示“行使自控力”。故选C。 10．考查非谓语动词。句意：这些过程虽根植于大脑，却是我们所理解的自由意志的核心。空处和though构成让步状语从句的省略形式，结合“in the brain”可推知，D项grounded“以……为基础，基于”符合题意，表示“根植于大脑”。故选D。 Passage 3 (24-25高二下·上海延安中学·期中) Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．channel    B．exaggerate    C． comparison    D．upbeat    E. bottling up F. rolled out    G. recycled    H. project    I. sanity    J. integrating    K. embark on The Power of Sustainable Living and Mental Wellness In recent years, the global push toward sustainability has made eco-friendly practices more mainstream. One notable trend is the increasing use of 1 materials in industries ranging from fashion to construction. Designers now create stylish furniture from reclaimed wood, while major brands produce sneakers using ocean plastics. This shift not only reduces waste but also raises public awareness about environmental responsibility. At the same time, mental health awareness has grown significantly. Experts emphasize the importance of staying 2 despite life’s challenges. Social media, however, presents a double-edged sword. While platforms can inspire positivity, they also fuel unrealistic 3 . Some reality shows, designed to keep you glued to the screen, often 4 results—whether it’s weight loss transformations or instant career success. Such portrayals can distort expectations, leading to frustration and self-doubt among viewers. To combat these issues, psychologists recommend proactive strategies. Instead of 5 emotions, individuals should 6 energies into outlets like sports, painting, or journaling. Physical activity, for instance, releases endorphins that naturally elevate mood. Schools and workplaces are also adopting measures to support mental well-being. A government-backed mental health initiative is set to be 7 across the country next year, offering free counseling sessions and stress-management workshops. Parents play a crucial role in this ecosystem. Therapists warn against the tendency to 8 your own anxieties onto children, such as pressuring them to excel academically because of personal unfulfilled ambitions. Open communication and empathy are key to fostering resilience. For those feeling overwhelmed, simple practices like mindfulness or unplugging from digital devices can help restore one’s 9 . Ultimately, sustainability and mental wellness share a common thread: small, consistent actions lead to meaningful change. Whether it’s choosing a reusable water bottle or practicing gratitude daily, these habits serve as the building block for a healthier, more balanced life. As society continues to evolve, 10 environmental consciousness with emotional well-being will be essential for future generations. 【答案】 1．G 2．D 3．C 4．B 5．E 6．A 7．F 8．H 9．I 10．J 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了可持续发展与心理健康的重要性，强调环保实践和情绪管理的协同作用，提倡通过日常行动实现身心平衡。 1．考查形容词。句意：一个显著的趋势是在从时尚到建筑等行业中越来越多地使用回收材料。根据上文“sustainability has made eco-friendly practices more mainstream. ”可知，此处表示“回收的”材料，用形容词recycled“回收利用的”，作定语，修饰materials。故选G。 2．考查形容词。句意：专家强调尽管生活中有挑战，但保持乐观很重要。stay后用形容词作表语，根据“despite life’s challenges”可知，此处表示“乐观的”，用形容词upbeat，作表语。故选D。 3．考查名词。句意：虽然平台能激发积极性，但也会引发不切实际的比较。空处作宾语，根据“While platforms can inspire positivity, they also fuel unrealistic”可知，此处表示社交媒体会引发不切实际的“比较”，用名词comparison“比较”，作fuel的宾语。故选C。 4．考查动词时态。句意：一些真人秀节目旨在让你紧盯屏幕，它们往往会夸大效果——无论是减肥转变还是瞬间职业成功。空处作宾语从句谓语，根据“whether it’s weight loss transformations or instant career success”可知，此处表示真人秀节目“夸大”结果，用动词exaggerate“夸大”，本句描述一般事实，句子时态用一般现在时，主语Some reality shows为复数，谓语用动词原形。故选B。 5．考查固定短语、非谓语动词。句意：心理学家建议积极的策略，不要压抑情绪，个人应该把精力引导到像运动、绘画或写日记等发泄途径上。空处作宾语，根据“energies into outlets like sports, painting, or journaling”可知，此处表示不要“压抑”情绪，用固定短语bottle up“压抑，抑制”，用动名词，作Instead of的宾语。故选E。 6．考查固定短语。句意：心理学家建议积极的策略，不要压抑情绪，个人应该把精力引导到像运动、绘画或写日记等发泄途径上。情态动词should 后，用动词原形，根据“energies into outlets like sports, painting, or journaling”可知，此处表示“把……引导到……”，用固定搭配channel...into...。故选A。 7．考查固定短语、非谓语动词。句意：一项政府支持的心理健康倡议将于明年在全国推出，提供免费咨询服务和压力管理工作坊。根据“A government-backed mental health initiative is set to be”可知，此处表示倡议将被“推出”，用固定短语roll out，与A government-backed mental health initiative为被动关系，用过去分词，与空前的to be，构成不定式的被动式。故选F。 8．考查动词不定式。句意：治疗师警告不要有把自己的焦虑投射到孩子身上的倾向，比如因为个人未实现的抱负而给孩子施加学业上的压力。不定式符号to后用动词原形，根据“your own anxieties onto children, such as pressuring them to excel academically because of personal unfulfilled ambitions”可知，此处表示 “把……投射到……上”，用project...onto...，。故选H。 9．考查名词。句意：对于那些感到不堪重负的人来说，像正念或远离数字设备这样的简单做法有助于恢复理智。空处作宾语，根据“For those feeling overwhelmed, simple practices like mindfulness or unplugging from digital devices can help restore one’s”可知，此处表示恢复“理智”，用名词sanity。故选I。 10．考查动词：句意：随着社会的不断发展，将环境意识与情感幸福相结合对后代至关重要。空处作主句主语，根据“environmental consciousness with emotional well-being will be essential for future generations”可知，此处表示“将……与……相结合”，用固定搭配integrate...with...，此处用动名词作主语。故选J。 试卷第26页，共26页 试卷第25页，共26页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $