专题01 语法填空（期中真题汇编，上海专用）高二英语下学期

专题01 语法填空（期中真题汇编，上海专用） 主题01 人与自我 Passage 1 (24-25高二下·上海莘庄中学·期中) What’s wrong with being an amateur? While 1 (read) a recently published report saying “many people who attend plays are themselves involved in a form of amateur drama”, August Schulenburg of the Flux Theatre questioned the divide 2 amateurs and professional artists. One reason for the barrier, he suggests, is fear. “When professional arts organizations perceive their value under threat, they 3 draw rigid lines to protect it. Amateurs are pushed aside out of fear that they will somehow endanger the professional brands.” But for Schulenburg, it’s an outdated attitude towards amateurs. “The professional artist must be among them and of them; the amateur must be an equal partner on the stage.” 4 sounds much like he is advocating the kind of large-scale community work. If so, he might have a point. The importance of forming a community rather than a passive audience is 5 Douglas MacLennan has also picked up recently on a blog. In a post 6 (headline) “Pay attention! If selling tickets is your business model, you've got a problem”, he argues that theatres and other arts institutions will only survive if they “build community rather than audience”. The idea is that you give the public reasons 7 (engage) with your company, you build loyalty so that their support is more than just a consumer transaction. Abigail Katz, a regular theater-goer, wonders 8 theatres offer good value for money. She has written recently in a post at the Playgoer blog that much of the theatre “doesn’t do anything ... doesn’t make me feel anything”. Lynn Conner, one author of the report, also mentioned “I believe what is 9 (appealing) to today’s potential arts audiences is the opportunity to co-author meaning. They don’t want the arts; they want the experience. They want to gain the cultural rights by formıng and exchanging opinions that 10 (value) in the community.” Passage 2 （24-25高二下·上海嘉定一中·期中） Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Shop Smart During Store Closing Sales When a major store like Toys R Us goes out of business, it’s easy to assume that everything on the shelves is being sold at a huge discount. “Store Closing” signs make shoppers feel pressured to act fast, encouraging them 1 (rush) in and grab what they can. But in reality, liquidation sales often require careful attention if you want to find real value. Liquidation sales, which are special sales held when a store is going out of business, 2 (design) to sell off all items quickly — but that doesn’t necessarily mean the prices are the lowest. Many liquidation events begin 3 not-so-big discounts, usually around 20%, and the reductions deepen as time goes on. By then, however, the most desirable items may already be gone. That’s 4 experts recommend comparing prices at other stores or online before making a purchase. Shoppers should also be careful when using gift cards. Once a store files for bankruptcy (破产), it may stop 5 (honor) gift cards without warning. This happened when Borders shut down in 2011 — many customers were left holding worthless cards. 6 (use) in a timely manner, a gift card from a closing store can still hold its full value. Another important point: check every item thoroughly. In most cases, liquidation purchases are final sale, meaning you can’t return anything 7 it’s damaged. Electronics, in particular, 8 be tested or inspected before buying. Be mindful of marketing tricks too. Phrases like “Everything Must Go!” or “Best Prices Ever!” often 9 (create) pressure. Instead of buying on impulse (冲动), take a moment to ask yourself whether the item is really worth it. In short, store closures can offer great deals — but only to shoppers 10 do their homework, stay alert, and shop smart. 主题02 人与社会 Passage 1 （24-25高二下·上海嘉定中光高级中学·期中） Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. What is the minimum difference a species must show in order to be classed as a new species? This is less straightforward than it seems. The concept of species, as a way of classifying animals and plants, 1 (rely) on finding some feature that all members of that species share, and which is unique to them. This works pretty well for many organisms, but species 2 (put) together continually or split into two as biologists search for the perfect classification system. There are currently at least 26 different ways 3 (define) the concept of a species. Some consider physical or genetic similarity, while others consider whether populations interbreed (杂交繁殖)—or whether they could if they weren’t separated by a geographical barrier, such as a mountain range or ocean. Other definitions of species focus on the evolutionary history of the organism, grouping species according to 4 recently they shared a common ancestor. 5 biologists could agree on a single definition of a species, identifying a point at which a new species is created would still be difficult. Theoretically, the minimum difference could be single mutated (变异) gene, marking a fork in the evolutionary tree 6 one species splits into two. However, biologists almost certainly wouldn’t recognize the creation of the new species until later, when the genetic mutation appeared as a difference in the way the animal looked or behaved. The 7 (close) we’ve come to this was probably in 2016, when researchers at the Janelia Research Campus in Virginia artificially altered the genome (基因组) of a species of Drosophila fruit fly. This change to a single gene altered the frequency of the courtship ‘song’   8 (produce) by the male fly. The insects 9 (carry) this gene could still mate with the wild population, so they couldn’t be considered a separate species by most definitions. But they preferred to mate with similarly mutated flies, and if this mutation had occurred in the wild, it’s possible that this might have resulted 10 the evolution of a new species. Passage 2 （24-25高二下·上海市松江区第四中学·期中） Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. On March 3, a Chinese pair surprised the world of street dance with their Kung-Fu-inspired performance at the Juste Debout 2025 World Finals in Paris. 10-year-old Song Haoming and 14-year-old Fu Junxi defeated two top international pairs to enter the semi-finals, 1 (mark) China’s best ever result in this event. 2 amazed everyone was that the young boys included elements of traditional Chinese martial arts (武术)in their dance 3 (inspire) by Drunken Fist (醉拳)and Tai chi. According to Fu's mother, the boys choreographed (编舞)the performance 4 . Song and Fu first teamed up at the China regional competition in Wuhan, Hubei Province, 5 they beat top adult competitors to claim the hip-hop category championship. The victory secured their spot as China's representatives at the world finals in Paris. The China Hip-Hop Union Committee (CHUC) celebrated the boys’ historic achievement. “CHUC’s national youth street dance team members 6 (make) history with China’s best result ever! The young talents set the stage on fire!” declared the organization. The pair’s incredible performance quickly earned them 7 Nickname “China’s top street dance kid bros” among netizens. “Kid bro.” or “xiao-haige” in Chinese is an Internet fat word referring to children 8 show talent beyond their ages. Also on March 3, Homics, a street dance team from Chengdu, Sichuan Province, got third place at the VIBE Dance Competition in Los Angeles. Their performance featured Chinese cultural elements 9 face-changing and Tai chi. The dance received a full minute of applause and cheers. This marked the first time in the competition's 30-year history that a Chinese team won an award. By combining energetic modern dance 10 traditional elements, Chinese youth are showing their confidence and creativity. Through these successful performances. Chinese culture is reaching the world in a younger, more open manner. Passage 3 （24-25高二下·上海静安区新中高级中学·期中） Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Why Is DeepSeek Shaking Up the Tech World The AI community is very excited about DeepSeek-R1, a new open-source model developed by Chinese start-up DeepSeek. 1 (release) on January 20, the AI tool quickly rose to the top of app charts worldwide. According to DeepSeek, in tasks such as mathematics, coding and natural language reasoning, the performance of this model is comparable to the leading models from major tech companies like Open AI, but delivered at a fraction (小部分) of the cash and computing power of its competitors. Since its foundation in July 2023, DeepSeek 2 (make) great progress in the field of large language models (LLMs). The company released its first model “DeepSeek LLM” in January 2024. In December, the start-up launched its open-source LLM “V3.” U.S. media reports claimed that V3 was better than all of Meta’s open-source LLMs and as good as Open AI’s closed-source GPT4-o. The latest Rl model achieved an important technological breakthrough by using pure deep learning methods 3 (allow) AI to spontaneously emerge with reasoning capabilities. Developers have traditionally used approaches such as Chain-of-Thought and Supervised Fine-Tuning to train AI. One depends on step-by-step reasoning and the other on huge amounts of labeled data. DeepSeek, however, adopted Reinforcement Learning (RL) 4 a core training method. RL enables models to learn through interaction and reward mechanisms, 5 (make) it better suited for complex and changing tasks. R1, therefore, is more adaptable and efficient. 6 really amazed its competitors, however, was the small budget DeepSeek used to make it all happen. According to its V3 model technical report, the company’s manufacturing cost is about $5.57 million, ranking it among 7 (expensıve) LLMs. It shows the possibility of advanced AI at much lower costs than was widely believed. In an industry 8 development has long relied on piling up computing power, DeepSeek models inspire: Bigger is no longer always smarter. But together we are smarter. Open source allows researchers, developers and users to access the underlying code of DeepSeek’s models. This means that they can use, change or enhance the models to suit their needs. The company has committed itself to 9 (contribute) to the collective advancement of technology. 10 asked about the meaning of “DeepSeek,” the R1 chatbot replied, “The name reflects the company’s mission to deeply explore and advance the foundational technologies of AI, aiming to push back the boundaries of AI innovation and application.” It has no doubt lived up to that name. 主题03 人与自然 Passage 1 （24-25高二下·上海西郊学校·期中） Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Last August Susan and forty-two other students got wet and dirty while removing six tons of garbage 1 the river running across their city. They cleaned up the river as part of a weeklong environmental camp. Like one in three American rivers, this river 2 (pollute) so much that it’s unsafe for swimming or fishing. Still, Susan, who has just completed her third summer camp on the river cleanup, sees a change in this river. “Since we started three years ago, the river is getting a lot 3 (clean) ,” she says. Environmental scientists praise the teenagers for removing garbage 4 can harm wild life. Water birds, for example, can die of plastic bottle rings and get 5 (cut) by tiny metals. Three years ago, when the cleanup started, garbage was everywhere. But this year the teenagers 6 row their boats fast. By the end of the six-hour cleanup. they had removed enough garbage to fill more than two large trucks. “ 7 (see) what is left in the river makes people begin to care about environmental issues. ” Susan says. She hopes 8 when others read that, she and her peers care enough 9 (clean) it up, maybe they would think twice 10 they throw garbage into the river. Passage 2 （24-25高二下·上海华东师范大学第二附属中学·期中） Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Faster-than-light Travel Space is…big. Any story that involves characters 1 (go) across it needs to come up with a way to address the vast distances between galaxies (星系). There are a few ways that sci-fi writers get around this problem of moving their main characters from one point in space to 2 including wormholes and faster-than-light travel. Travelling at the speed of light — around 300,000km (186,000 miles) per second — would allow you 3 (circumnavigate) Earth 7.5 times in a single second and get you to the surface of the Sun in a little over 8 minutes. But your journey to Earth’s 4 (near) neighbouring star system, Alpha Centauri, some 40, 000 billion kilometres away, would take just under 4 years and 3 months. 5 faster-than-light travel was an option, though, you could explore the whole Universe. Unfortunately, not only is it impossible for anything to go faster than the speed of light, but according to Einstein’s special theory of relativity only things with zero mass at rest, 6 photons (光子), can travel at the speed of light. Things with mass, like us and spaceships, will always 7 travel at slower-than-light speeds. There are ways in which science-fiction writers 8 (attempt) to explain away faster-than-light travel over the past few decades, however. The movie Event Horizon explores 9 a 2074 spacecraft could effectively travel faster than light by folding the fabric of space on itself, thereby creating a means of travelling across the Universe in an instant. Interestingly, it’s possible that the speed of light hasn’t always been constant. Observations suggest that there were different wavelengths of light billions of years ago. Some have even assumed that this could support the notion of extra space dimensions 10 the laws of physics are different. Maybe, then, we could one day enter the hyperspace dimension to visit a galaxy far, far away… 主题01 人与自我 Passage 1 （24-25高二下·上海闵行区六校联考·期中） Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. The Trouble with Friends On a daily basis, I teach kids. 1 “kids”, I mean teens to college-age, sometimes mid-twenties. Kids talk a lot about their friends, but don't usually talk about their families. Sometimes I'm taken completely by surprise when, months into our knowing each other, a student mentions 2 (have) a twin. I suppose hearing the constant chatter about friends has made me consider my own, and how hard it can be 3 (maintain) these bonds as an adult. Mostly, what I notice is that I lose more friends than I make. An obvious reason for that is marriage. Friends get married and their spouses become their 4 (close) friends. My husband is now the person 5 I spend the most time. I tell him everything because I trust him with my thoughts, 6 stupid they may be. I used to be the same way with friends, but when I tell friends something now, I must accept the possibility that they 7 tell their spouses, who I'm friendly but not friends with. A friendship is truly strained when you don't like the spouse. Sometimes this new person is so far away from 8 you imagined for your friend that you wonder if you knew your friend at all. After marriage, a friend who used to discuss things with you stops doing so, and 9 (update) you only on definitive good news, never the bad, the ugly, or the in-progress. She saves all of that for her partner. In other words, you're no longer included in the problem-solving. Of course, some matters belong first to the marriage: the stuff of intimacy, finance, family. Increasingly, my friends leave me out of these big conversations, and vice versa, but when the outcome is certain, we do update one another, 10 reminds us that we're still friends. Passage 2 （24-25高二下·上海嘉定区六校联考·期中） Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. ADDIS ABABA, Ethiopia—At 19, Yohannes Gebregeorgis borrowed a novel entitled Love Kitten that changed his life forever. Born in rural Ethiopia, his father was an illiterate cattle merchant who insisted that his son 1 (have) an education. So Gebregeorgis had seen a few books in school. But 2 (have) a book of his own sparked a lifelong commitment. Today, Gebregeorgis is establishing libraries and literacy programs to connect Ethiopian children with books. “Most Ethiopian children only have access to textbooks in the classroom,” says Gebregeorgis. “Books 3 children read outside of school are the spices of education.” Until he became a children’s librarian, he didn’t realize 4 the children of his native home were missing. Arriving in the United States in 1981, Gebregeorgis ultimately put himself through college, 5 (obtain) a graduate degree in library science. He took a position at the San Francisco Children’s Library in 1985. There, he met The Little Engine That Could, Captain Ahab, and Peter Pan. He realized the impact children’s books could make 6 a child’s sense of wonder and vision. “Children could imagine everything from books—connections to other cultures, to other people, to other children, and to the universe at large. Reading gives them hope. It gives them pleasure. It gives them everything that they cannot otherwise get in regular textbooks.” But Gebregeorgis found that there were no children’s books in Amharic, the primary language of Ethiopia, and none representing the places and characters of Ethiopian lore. 7 the library granted $1,200 for the purchase of Ethiopian books, Gebregeorgis was unable to find any, so he wrote one. Silly Mamma was the first bilingual Amharic-English children’s book, and its publication led Gebregeorgis 8 (establish) the nonprofit organization Ethiopia Reads in 1988. Using proceeds from book sales, the nonprofit organization 9 (finance) his efforts to bring children’s libraries to Ethiopia. Gebregeorgis reads storybooks to children who 10 (deny) access to television or computers and believes that literacy and education will emancipate his impoverished land. “With literate children there is no limit as to how much we can do.” 主题02 人与社会 Passage 1 （24-25高二下·上海复旦大学附属中学·期中） Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Can AI Create “Great” Poetry? Last week, I sent a request to ChatGPT, the latest artificial intelligence chatbot. In less than a minute, the program had created in full a rhyming Shakespearean sonnet (莎士比亚十四行诗). Tools like ChatGPT seem sure to change the world of poetry — and so much else — but poets also have a lot to teach us about artificial intelligence. If algorithms are getting good at writing poetry, it’s partially 1 poetry was always an algorithmic business. Even the most rebellious poets follow more rules than they might like to admit. When 2 (teach) to imitate the structure of sonnet, schoolchildren are effectively learning to follow algorithmic constraints. 3 it surprise us that computers can do so, too? But considering how ChatGPT works, its ability to follow the rules for sonnets seems 4 (impressive) as no one taught it these rules. It is based on a newer kind of AI known as a large language model (LLM). 5 (put) it simply, LLMs analyze large amounts of human writing and learn to predict the next word which should appear in a string of text, based on context. One frequent criticism of LLMs is that they do not understand 6 they write; they just do a great job of guessing the next word. The moment a private verse by Dickinson makes us feel like the poet speaks directly to us, we 7 (experience) the effects of a technology called language. Of course, every Dickinson poem reflects her intention to create meaning. When ChatGPT puts words together, it intends 8 . Some argue that writings by LLMs therefore have no meaning, only the appearance of it. If I see a cloud in the sky that looks like a giraffe, I recognize it as an accidental similarity. In the same way, this argument goes, we should regard the writings of ChatGPT as merely imitating real language, meaningless and random as cloud shapes. When I showed my friends the sonnet by ChatGPT, they called it “soulless and barren” 9 following all the rules for sonnets. But is the average sonnet by a human any better? 10 we now expect computers to write not just poems but good poems, then we have set a much higher bar. Passage 2 （24-25高二下·上海闵行区七宝中学·期中） Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Why Everyone Is Lonely One of the reasons why we tend not to make friends as often as we might come down to a powerful background idea 1 full destructive force we may not even be aware of: the belief that any decent person already has all the friends they need. Somewhere in our minds, the notion has been lodged that only very sad and incapable people would — at this stage in their lives — still have a space in their social agenda for a newcomer. Almost everyone else — anyone worthy 2 (know), talented, interesting or good — would long ago have acquired the gang to which they are now continually and hopelessly connected. 3 this punishing idea misses is the extent to which a feeling of loneliness and disenchantment (幻灭感) is in reality an ongoing and universal possibility, in no way limited to 4 of reduced appeal. Right now, the enchanting actor is (despite the crowds) perhaps lonely; 5 is the celebrated concert pianist, the renowned biologist, the skilled airline pilot, the miraculous neurosurgeon and that rather nice-looking person you have just spotted in the corner of the room 6 (laugh) animatedly with a group of fashionable companions. It’s open to anyone of sensitivity and charm to fail to find the right sort of allies, 7 (outgrow) their friends from school or university, to not have landed on agreeable spirits at work and therefore to be spending a lot of their evenings on their own. And we can know this for certain of other people 8 we know it from a very reliable source: ourselves. Other people who know us at a social level almost certainly find it hard to imagine the degree to which we are exposed to loneliness and 9 we would still like to locate a wise, tender, funny and interesting new friend. The next time we spot an interesting person, we 10 stop disobey the moral of our own lives. We don’t have exactly the right people in our social circle — and nor, most probably, do they. So we can afford to drop our false background ideas of social life — and go up and say hello. Passage 3 （24-25高二下·上海控江中学·期中） Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, us one word that best fits each blank. The Afterlife of Data Franz Kafka died 100 years ago. He had instructed his friend Max Brod 1 (burn) his unpublished works. Fortunately for generations of readers, Brod didn’t; he believed Kafka to be among 2 (great) writers of his time and instead edited and published his late friend’s writing. In other words, Brod decided that Kafka’s stories belonged not to the late author, but to the public. Brod’s situation echoes today. People live online and generate far more data than they did just a decade ago. Everyone leaves digital traces behind 3 they die, either deliberately, in the form of social-media posts, or incidentally, with web searches, location data, or banking records. The digital era 4 (reshape) humans’ relationship with the dead. Anyone 5 social media account has reminded them to say “happy birthday” to a dead relative can agree. That sort of reminder would probably never have happened before social media, 6 everyone who knew that person’s birthday also would have known that he was dead. Such reminders are likely to grow more common: recent research has found that, on Facebook, the dead 7 outnumber the living within 40 years. Technology enables a continued relationship with the dead. In 2022, Amazon announced that it was developing a feature so its virtual assistant, Alexa, could be programmed to speak in the voice of a dead relative using 8 (record) data. It even made a video in which a boy asks Alexa to read him “The Wizard of Oz” in his late grandmother’s voice. But the advancement of technology brings with it the question: 9 whom do the dead’s data belong? This is not merely a question for individuals wondering 10 to do with their loved ones’ digital remains. It’s a question for society at large. After all, historians often study the diaries of the dead. 主题03 人与自然 Passage 1 （24-25高二下·上海青浦高级中学·期中） Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Animals might not celebrate Christmas, but that doesn’t mean they don’t give gifts. We are not the only species 1 (use) presents to delight and impress each other. Birds, insects, primates and other animals are all known to find and give favors for love, fun and friendship. There seem to be two types of animal gift giving: nuptial and non-nuptial. Nuptial gifts are tokens 2 (give) when seeking love. On the other hand, an animal 3 give a gift for fun, to make new friends, or to say thanks, and these are called non-nuptial gifts. Crows that 4 (feed) on a regular basis and learn to trust the people feeding them sometimes bring those people shiny trinkets (小装饰品). A queen bee sits in the parlor producing young while accepting a steady supply of food brought to 5 by the workers. Sometimes gift giving can go a bit too far. Certain male spiders give the ultimate gift when they become the main meal for the female they have just mated with. An animal giving a gift is doing so for a self-serving reason — to raise its young, to attract a mate, to survive by a division of labor or by bonding within a group. Food is important in the animal world. Most animals don`t share food 6 parents feeding their young. Bonobos (矮黑猩猩) resist this trend, gifting food to unrelated bonobos. Sometimes they give food just 7 they notice someone else doesn’t have any. They also give food just to hang out. with friends. Dolphins are well known gift givers. They give to say “thank you” and “let’s be friends”. They might even give gifts out of pity. At some aquariums (水族馆), dolphin keepers notice gifts of dead eels, tuna, squid and other seafood. One running theory is 8 the dolphins are so worried about the keepers’ poor fishing and survival skills that they leave gifts of delicious mouthfuls. As humans, we have many animal traits that 9 (shape) by our culture over the ages. Sometimes the true origin and ancestral purpose of a behavior become lost in the evolutionary past, leading us to think of ourselves as 10 (rise) above the rest of the animals. Maybe we have in some instances, and perhaps gift giving is one of them. Passage 2 （24-25高二下·上海华东师范大学附属东昌中学·期中） Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. What Can One City Do? People around the world are concerned about global warming and are talking about ways to stop it. The city of Cambridge, Massachusetts, in the United States, is doing more than just talking. Cambridge wants to become a world leader in energy-efficient buildings. Today, Naema Omar is improving her 80-year-old house in Cambridge. To keep the heat inside in the winter, she is filling the space inside the walls with insulation(绝缘). Insulation is usually made from chemicals, but in her house, she is using 1 new — insulation made from recycled blue jeans and other clothes. She has also put in a new type of light called an LED lamp 2 uses only a tiny amount of electricity. The light bulbs in it last for 20 to 30 years before needing 3 (change). But eco-friendly insulation and lighting are much more expensive than the usual kind 4 many people in Cambridge can’t afford them. A group called Cambridge Energy Alliance (CEA) 5 (work) to solve this problem. They want to help every resident and business in the city conserve energy. People can ask the group to come and look at 6 they can make their house or office building eco-friendly. The CEA then makes them a plan to save 15 to 30 percent on heating, gas, water, and electricity. Then the group help people borrow money to pay for the improvements. The money that people save by being 7 (efficient) should be enough to pay back the loan. It was ten years ago that the city of Cambridge decided to try to reduce its carbon emissions. More than 80 percent of the carbon dioxide 8 (produce) in Cambridge comes from buildings — not from cars. 9 successful, the program will not only save a lot of energy but also make new jobs for local people. Workers 10 (need) to put in insulation, install better doors and windows, and make other energy improvements on buildings. The CEA hopes that their program will be an example for other cities. Passage 3 （24-25高二下·上海南洋中学·期中） Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Fresh warning sounded on plastics problem Walk along any beach in the world, no matter how isolated, and you will see plastic of some kind washed up on the shoreline, 1 (offer) a reminder of the reckless throwaway culture of the present-day world. Lately, a study 2 (sound) a fresh warning on the damage caused to the marine ecosystem due to discarded plastics, which eventually has a bearing on human health due to the seafood we consume. In a paper 3 (title) “A Growing Plastic Smog” published on March 8, 2023 in the peer-reviewed research journal Plos One, researchers called on governments around the world 4 (take) sweeping action to address the “unprecedented plastic pollution” of the world’s oceans. The plastics break down over time into minute particles that cannot be detected by the naked eye, but find their way into the marine ecosystem and into the seafood humans consume. No one knows for certain 5 the long-term damage will be to marine life and humans, but the study placed much of the blame on the plastics industry for failing to recycle or design for recyclability. “ 6 eaten, microplastics can severely damage an animal’s internal tissues. Globally, we have reached a situation 7 we can no longer ignore the plastic pollution pandemic that is infecting our oceans,” he said. “This research shows us that beach cleanups and citizen science projects that focus on the environmental fate of plastics have little impact on solving the enormity of the plastic problem. Marcus Eriksen, lead author of the study, said in a statement that the findings were a “stark warning 8 we must act now at a global scale”. “We’ve found an alarming trend of exponential growth of microplastics in the global ocean since the millennium, which 9 (expect) to reach over 170 trillion plastic particles,” said Eriksen, adding that the exponential increase in microplastics across the world’s oceans makes 10 necessary to “bring in an age of corporate responsibility for the entire life of the things they make”. 试卷第14页，共14页 试卷第13页，共14页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题01 语法填空（期中真题汇编，上海专用） 主题01 人与自我 Passage 1 (24-25高二下·上海莘庄中学·期中) What’s wrong with being an amateur? While 1 (read) a recently published report saying “many people who attend plays are themselves involved in a form of amateur drama”, August Schulenburg of the Flux Theatre questioned the divide 2 amateurs and professional artists. One reason for the barrier, he suggests, is fear. “When professional arts organizations perceive their value under threat, they 3 draw rigid lines to protect it. Amateurs are pushed aside out of fear that they will somehow endanger the professional brands.” But for Schulenburg, it’s an outdated attitude towards amateurs. “The professional artist must be among them and of them; the amateur must be an equal partner on the stage.” 4 sounds much like he is advocating the kind of large-scale community work. If so, he might have a point. The importance of forming a community rather than a passive audience is 5 Douglas MacLennan has also picked up recently on a blog. In a post 6 (headline) “Pay attention! If selling tickets is your business model, you've got a problem”, he argues that theatres and other arts institutions will only survive if they “build community rather than audience”. The idea is that you give the public reasons 7 (engage) with your company, you build loyalty so that their support is more than just a consumer transaction. Abigail Katz, a regular theater-goer, wonders 8 theatres offer good value for money. She has written recently in a post at the Playgoer blog that much of the theatre “doesn’t do anything ... doesn’t make me feel anything”. Lynn Conner, one author of the report, also mentioned “I believe what is 9 (appealing) to today’s potential arts audiences is the opportunity to co-author meaning. They don’t want the arts; they want the experience. They want to gain the cultural rights by formıng and exchanging opinions that 10 (value) in the community.” 【答案】 1．reading 2．between 3．must 4．It 5．something/what 6．headlined 7．to engage 8．whether/if 9．the most appealing 10．are valued 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要探讨了业余爱好者与专业艺术家的界限问题，以及艺术机构应注重构建社区而非单纯吸引观众的观点。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：在阅读一份最近发表的报告时，报告中提到“许多去看戏的人自己也参与了某种形式的业余戏剧”，Flux剧院的August Schulenburg对业余爱好者和专业艺术家之间的界限提出了质疑。while引导的时间状语从句中，当从句主语和主句主语一致且从句含有be的某种形式时，可省略从句的主语和be，本句的完整形式为：While August Schulenburg was reading a recently published report...，省略了August Schulenburg was。故填reading。 2．考查介词。句意：在阅读一份最近发表的报告时，报告中提到“许多去看戏的人自己也参与了某种形式的业余戏剧”，Flux剧院的August Schulenburg对业余爱好者和专业艺术家之间的界限提出了质疑。between...and...为固定短语，意为“在……和……之间”。故填between。 3．考查情态动词。句意：当专业的艺术组织认为自己的价值受到威胁时，他们会划出严格的界限来保护它。根据句意可知，此处表示“一定会，必须”，应用情态动词must。故填must。 4．考查代词。句意：“专业艺术家必须融入他们之中，成为他们的一员；业余爱好者必须在舞台上成为平等的伙伴。”这听起来很像他在倡导一种大规模的社区工作。分析句子结构可知，此处应用代词it作主语，指代前面提到的“The professional artist must be among them and of them; the amateur must be an equal partner on the stage”这句话，且谓语句首，首字母需大写。故填It。 5．考查表语从句或不定代词。句意：建立社区而不是被动观众的重要性也是Douglas MacLennan最近在博客上提到的。分析句子结构可知，此处引导表语从句，从句中缺少宾语，表示“……的事情”，应用连接代词what引导；或者此处也可以用不定代词something作主句中的表语且充当先行词，后面为省略了that的定语从句，修饰something。故填something/what。 6．考查非谓语动词。句意：在一篇题为“注意！如果卖票是你的商业模式，你就有问题了”的帖子中，他认为剧院和其他艺术机构只有“建立社区而不是观众”才能生存。分析句子结构可知，逗号后为完整的句子，且无其它连词，所以此处应用headline的非谓语动词形式作后置定语，修饰名词post，headline与post之间为被动关系，应用过去分词形式。故填headlined。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：这个想法是，你给公众理由让他们与你的公司互动，你建立忠诚度，这样他们的支持就不仅仅是一种消费交易。分析句子结构可知，that表语从句中已有谓语动词give，所以此处应用非谓语动词形式作后置定语，修饰名词reasons，表示“与……互动的理由”，应用动词不定式形式。故填to engage。 8．考查宾语从句。句意：经常去看戏的Abigail Katz想知道剧院是否物有所值。分析句子结构可知，此处为wonder后的宾语从句，从句中不缺少成分，根据语意可知，此处表示“是否”，应用whether或if引导。故填whether/if。 9．考查形容词最高级。句意：报告的作者之一Lynn Conner也提到：“我相信，如今最吸引潜在艺术观众的是共同创造意义的最有吸引力的机会。他们不想要艺术；他们想要的是体验。他们想通过形成和交换在社区中被重视的观点来获得文化权利。”根据语境可知，此处表示“最有吸引力的”，应用形容词最高级形式。故填the most appealing。 10．考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：报告的作者之一Lynn Conner也提到：“我相信，如今吸引潜在艺术观众的是共同创造意义的机会。他们不想要艺术；他们想要的是体验。他们想通过形成和交换在社区中被重视的观点来获得文化权利。”分析句子结构可知，此处为that引导的定语从句中的谓语动词，关系词that指代先行词opinions，在从句中作主语，与value之间为被动关系，且句子描述的是一般事实，所以用一般现在时的被动语态，主语为复数，be动词用are。故填are valued。 Passage 2 （24-25高二下·上海嘉定一中·期中） Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Shop Smart During Store Closing Sales When a major store like Toys R Us goes out of business, it’s easy to assume that everything on the shelves is being sold at a huge discount. “Store Closing” signs make shoppers feel pressured to act fast, encouraging them 1 (rush) in and grab what they can. But in reality, liquidation sales often require careful attention if you want to find real value. Liquidation sales, which are special sales held when a store is going out of business, 2 (design) to sell off all items quickly — but that doesn’t necessarily mean the prices are the lowest. Many liquidation events begin 3 not-so-big discounts, usually around 20%, and the reductions deepen as time goes on. By then, however, the most desirable items may already be gone. That’s 4 experts recommend comparing prices at other stores or online before making a purchase. Shoppers should also be careful when using gift cards. Once a store files for bankruptcy (破产), it may stop 5 (honor) gift cards without warning. This happened when Borders shut down in 2011 — many customers were left holding worthless cards. 6 (use) in a timely manner, a gift card from a closing store can still hold its full value. Another important point: check every item thoroughly. In most cases, liquidation purchases are final sale, meaning you can’t return anything 7 it’s damaged. Electronics, in particular, 8 be tested or inspected before buying. Be mindful of marketing tricks too. Phrases like “Everything Must Go!” or “Best Prices Ever!” often 9 (create) pressure. Instead of buying on impulse (冲动), take a moment to ask yourself whether the item is really worth it. In short, store closures can offer great deals — but only to shoppers 10 do their homework, stay alert, and shop smart. 【答案】 1．to rush 2．are designed 3．with 4．why 5．honoring 6．Used 7．even if 8．should 9．create 10．who 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了商店清仓甩卖时的购物技巧。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：“商店清仓”的招牌让购物者感到有压力要迅速行动，鼓励他们冲进去抢购所能抢到的东西。encourage sb. to do sth.是固定用法，意为“鼓励某人做某事”，此处用不定式作宾语补足语。故填to rush。 2．考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：清仓甩卖是商店停业时举行的特殊销售活动，旨在迅速售罄所有商品，但这并不一定意味着价格是最低的。design (设计)是谓语动词，与主语Liquidation sales之间是被动关系，描述客观事实用一般现在时，主语是复数，谓语动词用复数形式；综上，谓语动词用一般现在时被动语态，复数形式；be designed to do“被设计用于……；目的是……”。故填are designed。 3．考查介词。句意：许多清仓活动开始时折扣并不大，通常在20%左右，随着时间的推移折扣会加深。begin with是固定短语，意为“以……开始”，符合语境。故填with。 4．考查表语从句。句意：这就是为什么专家建议在购买之前比较其他商店或网上的价格。“That’s _____ experts recommend...”是表语从句，结合句意，表示“这就是为什么……”，用连接副词why引导该从句，并在从句中作原因状语。故填why。 5．考查非谓语动词。句意：一旦商店申请破产，它可能会在没有警告的情况下停止兑现礼品卡。stop doing sth.是固定用法，意为“停止做某事”，此处表示停止兑现礼品卡。故填honoring。 6．考查非谓语动词。句意：如果能及时使用，一家即将关闭的商店的礼品卡仍然可以保持其全部价值。“(use) in a timely manner”作条件状语，use (使用)是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语a gift card之间是被动关系，用过去分词表被动；句首单词首字母大写。故填Used。 7．考查连词。句意：在大多数情况下，清仓购买是最终销售，这意味着即使商品有损坏，你不能退货。根据“you can’t return anything”和“it’s damaged”可知，前后是让步关系，用连词even if (即使)引导让步状语从句，意为“即使商品有损坏”，与前文中“final sale”语意一致。故填even if。 8．考查情态动词。句意：特别是电子产品，在购买前应该进行测试或检查。根据语境可知，此处表示建议，用情态动词should (应该)，符合语境。故填should。 9．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：像“全部清仓！”或“史上最低价！”这样的短语常常会造成压力。create (造成)是谓语动词，描述客观事实用一般现在时，主语是复数名词Phrases，谓语动词用复数形式。故填create。 10．考查定语从句。句意：简而言之，商店清仓可以提供很好的交易，但只针对那些做好功课、保持警惕并明智购物的购物者。“_____ do their homework, stay alert, and shop smart”为限制性定语从句，修饰先行词shoppers，指人，关系词将其代入定语从句中作主语，应使用关系代词who引导该从句。故填who。 主题02 人与社会 Passage 1 （24-25高二下·上海嘉定中光高级中学·期中） Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. What is the minimum difference a species must show in order to be classed as a new species? This is less straightforward than it seems. The concept of species, as a way of classifying animals and plants, 1 (rely) on finding some feature that all members of that species share, and which is unique to them. This works pretty well for many organisms, but species 2 (put) together continually or split into two as biologists search for the perfect classification system. There are currently at least 26 different ways 3 (define) the concept of a species. Some consider physical or genetic similarity, while others consider whether populations interbreed (杂交繁殖)—or whether they could if they weren’t separated by a geographical barrier, such as a mountain range or ocean. Other definitions of species focus on the evolutionary history of the organism, grouping species according to 4 recently they shared a common ancestor. 5 biologists could agree on a single definition of a species, identifying a point at which a new species is created would still be difficult. Theoretically, the minimum difference could be single mutated (变异) gene, marking a fork in the evolutionary tree 6 one species splits into two. However, biologists almost certainly wouldn’t recognize the creation of the new species until later, when the genetic mutation appeared as a difference in the way the animal looked or behaved. The 7 (close) we’ve come to this was probably in 2016, when researchers at the Janelia Research Campus in Virginia artificially altered the genome (基因组) of a species of Drosophila fruit fly. This change to a single gene altered the frequency of the courtship ‘song’   8 (produce) by the male fly. The insects 9 (carry) this gene could still mate with the wild population, so they couldn’t be considered a separate species by most definitions. But they preferred to mate with similarly mutated flies, and if this mutation had occurred in the wild, it’s possible that this might have resulted 10 the evolution of a new species. 【答案】 1．relies 2．are being put 3．to define 4．how 5．Even if/Even though 6．where 7．closest 8．produced 9．carrying 10．in 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了物种分类以及新物种界定的相关问题。 1．考查时态。句意：物种的概念，作为一种对动植物进行分类的方式，依赖于找到该物种所有成员共有的且独有的某种特征。此句描述一般情况，用一般现在时，主语“The concept of species”是单数，谓语动词“rely”用第三人称单数形式 “relies”。故填relies。 2．考查时态和语态。句意：随着生物学家寻找完美的分类系统，物种正在不断地被合并或被分成两类。“species”与“put together” 之间是被动关系，且根据“continually” 可知，强调动作正在持续进行，用现在进行时的被动语态，“species”单复数同形，这里表示复数概念，be动词用are。故填are being put。 3．考查非谓语动词（动词不定式作后置定语）。句意：目前至少有 26 种不同的方式来定义物种的概念。“ways to do sth.” 表示“做某事的方式”，用动词不定式作后置定语修饰 “ways”。故填to define。 4．考查宾语从句引导词。句意：其他关于物种的定义则关注生物的进化史，根据它们多久前有共同的祖先来对物种进行分类。“according to”后接宾语从句，“how recently” 表示“多久前”，how表示程度，符合语境。故填how。 5．考查连词。句意：即使生物学家能就物种的单一定义达成一致，确定新物种产生的时间点仍然很困难。根据语境，前后句是让步关系，“Even if/Even though” 意为 “即使，尽管”，引导让步状语从句。首字母大写。故填Even if/Even though。 6．考查定语从句关系副词。句意：从理论上讲，最小的差异可能是单个突变基因，标志着进化树上一个物种分裂成两个物种的分叉点。此句为定语从句，先行词是“a fork in the evolutionary tree”，表示地点，关系词在从句中作地点状语，用where引导。故填where。 7．考查形容词最高级。句意：我们最接近这种情况可能是在 2016 年，当时弗吉尼亚州珍妮莉亚研究园区的研究人员人工改变了一种果蝇的基因组。“the + 形容词最高级” 表示最高级含义，“close”的最高级是“closest”，“the closest”表示“最接近的”，符合句意。故填closest。 8．考查非谓语动词。句意：这种单个基因的变化改变了雄性果蝇产生的求偶 “歌声” 的频率。“courtship ‘song’与“produce”之间是被动关系，即求偶“歌声” 被产生，用过去分词作后置定语。故填produced。 9．考查非谓语动词。句意：携带这种基因的昆虫仍然可以与野生种群交配，所以根据大多数定义，它们不能被视为一个单独的物种。“insects”与“carry”之间是主动关系，即昆虫携带基因，用现在分词作后置定语。故填carrying。 10．考查固定搭配。句意：但它们更喜欢与同样发生突变的果蝇交配，如果这种突变发生在野外，有可能会导致一个新物种的进化。“result in...” 是固定搭配，意为“导致……”。故填in。 Passage 2 （24-25高二下·上海市松江区第四中学·期中） Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. On March 3, a Chinese pair surprised the world of street dance with their Kung-Fu-inspired performance at the Juste Debout 2025 World Finals in Paris. 10-year-old Song Haoming and 14-year-old Fu Junxi defeated two top international pairs to enter the semi-finals, 1 (mark) China’s best ever result in this event. 2 amazed everyone was that the young boys included elements of traditional Chinese martial arts (武术)in their dance 3 (inspire) by Drunken Fist (醉拳)and Tai chi. According to Fu's mother, the boys choreographed (编舞)the performance 4 . Song and Fu first teamed up at the China regional competition in Wuhan, Hubei Province, 5 they beat top adult competitors to claim the hip-hop category championship. The victory secured their spot as China's representatives at the world finals in Paris. The China Hip-Hop Union Committee (CHUC) celebrated the boys’ historic achievement. “CHUC’s national youth street dance team members 6 (make) history with China’s best result ever! The young talents set the stage on fire!” declared the organization. The pair’s incredible performance quickly earned them 7 Nickname “China’s top street dance kid bros” among netizens. “Kid bro.” or “xiao-haige” in Chinese is an Internet fat word referring to children 8 show talent beyond their ages. Also on March 3, Homics, a street dance team from Chengdu, Sichuan Province, got third place at the VIBE Dance Competition in Los Angeles. Their performance featured Chinese cultural elements 9 face-changing and Tai chi. The dance received a full minute of applause and cheers. This marked the first time in the competition's 30-year history that a Chinese team won an award. By combining energetic modern dance 10 traditional elements, Chinese youth are showing their confidence and creativity. Through these successful performances. Chinese culture is reaching the world in a younger, more open manner. 【答案】 1．marking 2．What 3．inspired 4．themselves 5．where 6．have made 7．the 8．who/that 9．like 10．with 【导语】本文为一篇新闻报道，主要介绍了中国街舞组合在巴黎举行的Juste Debout 2025世界决赛中取得的成绩，以及他们如何将中国传统文化元素融入舞蹈。 1．考查现在分词。句意：10岁的宋浩明和14岁的付俊熙击败两对国际顶尖选手进入半决赛，标志着中国在该赛事中的最佳成绩。分析句子可知，句中已有谓语动词defeated，与该空之间无连词，此处为非谓语动词作状语，前面一件事与mark之间是主动关系，故用现在分词形式作状语。故填marking。 2．考查主语从句。句意：令所有人惊叹的是，两位少年将中国醉拳和太极等传统武术元素融入舞蹈，他们的舞蹈灵感来源于醉拳和太极。分析句子可知，此处引导主语从句，从句中缺少amazed的主语，表示“令人惊叹的事情”，故用what来引导，且置于句首，首字母大写。故填What。 3．考查过去分词。句意同上。分析句子可知，从句中已有谓语动词included，与该空之间无连词，此处为非谓语动词作定语，inspire与dance之间是被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故填inspired。 4．考查反身代词。句意：据付俊熙母亲介绍，两位少年独立完成了编舞。根据句意，此处表示他们自己独立完成了编舞，故用反身代词，故填themselves。 5．考查定语从句。句意：他们首次合作于湖北武汉的中国区比赛，在那里他们击败顶尖成人选手获得冠军。分析句子可知，此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为Wuhan, Hubei Province，在从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where来引导。故填where。 6．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：中国街舞联盟称其青年队成员创造了历史最佳成绩。结合句意和ever可知，句子用现在完成时，主语为CHUC’s national youth street dance team members，助动词用have，故填have made。 7．考查冠词。句意：这对组合被网友赋予“中国街舞最强小孩哥”称号。结合句意可知，此处特指他们获得的特定昵称，故用定冠词。故填the。 8．考查定语从句。句意：网络热词“小孩哥”指代那些展现出超越年龄才能的儿童。分析句子可知，此处引导定语从句，先行词为children，指人，在从句中作主语，故填who/that。 9．考查介词。句意：他们的舞蹈包含变脸和太极等中国文化元素。此处需引出具体例子，表示“例如”。故填like。 10．考查固定搭配。句意：通过将现代街舞与传统元素结合，中国的年轻人正在展示他们的自信和创造力。combine...with...为固定搭配，表示“把……和……结合起来”，符合句意。故填with。 Passage 3 （24-25高二下·上海静安区新中高级中学·期中） Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Why Is DeepSeek Shaking Up the Tech World The AI community is very excited about DeepSeek-R1, a new open-source model developed by Chinese start-up DeepSeek. 1 (release) on January 20, the AI tool quickly rose to the top of app charts worldwide. According to DeepSeek, in tasks such as mathematics, coding and natural language reasoning, the performance of this model is comparable to the leading models from major tech companies like Open AI, but delivered at a fraction (小部分) of the cash and computing power of its competitors. Since its foundation in July 2023, DeepSeek 2 (make) great progress in the field of large language models (LLMs). The company released its first model “DeepSeek LLM” in January 2024. In December, the start-up launched its open-source LLM “V3.” U.S. media reports claimed that V3 was better than all of Meta’s open-source LLMs and as good as Open AI’s closed-source GPT4-o. The latest Rl model achieved an important technological breakthrough by using pure deep learning methods 3 (allow) AI to spontaneously emerge with reasoning capabilities. Developers have traditionally used approaches such as Chain-of-Thought and Supervised Fine-Tuning to train AI. One depends on step-by-step reasoning and the other on huge amounts of labeled data. DeepSeek, however, adopted Reinforcement Learning (RL) 4 a core training method. RL enables models to learn through interaction and reward mechanisms, 5 (make) it better suited for complex and changing tasks. R1, therefore, is more adaptable and efficient. 6 really amazed its competitors, however, was the small budget DeepSeek used to make it all happen. According to its V3 model technical report, the company’s manufacturing cost is about $5.57 million, ranking it among 7 (expensıve) LLMs. It shows the possibility of advanced AI at much lower costs than was widely believed. In an industry 8 development has long relied on piling up computing power, DeepSeek models inspire: Bigger is no longer always smarter. But together we are smarter. Open source allows researchers, developers and users to access the underlying code of DeepSeek’s models. This means that they can use, change or enhance the models to suit their needs. The company has committed itself to 9 (contribute) to the collective advancement of technology. 10 asked about the meaning of “DeepSeek,” the R1 chatbot replied, “The name reflects the company’s mission to deeply explore and advance the foundational technologies of AI, aiming to push back the boundaries of AI innovation and application.” It has no doubt lived up to that name. 【答案】 1．Released 2．has made 3．to allow 4．as 5．making 6．What 7．the least expensive 8．whose 9．contributing 10．When 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是中国初创公司DeepSeek开发的新型开源AI模型DeepSeek-R1及其技术突破和行业影响。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：该人工智能工具于1月20日发布，迅速在全球应用排行榜上名列前茅。release在句中作状语，与逻辑主语the AI tool之间是被动关系，应用过去分词形式作状语，且句首单词首字母要大写。故填Released。 2．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：自2023年7月成立以来，DeepSeek在大型语言模型领域取得了巨大进展。根据时间状语Since its foundation in July 2023可知，句子应用现在完成时，主语DeepSeek是单数，助动词用has。故填has made。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：刚刚发布的R1实现了重要的技术突破——利用纯粹的深度学习方法，让人工智能自发产生推理能力。分析句子可知，allow在句中作目的状语，应用不定式形式。故填to allow。 4．考查介词。句意：然而，DeepSeek采用了强化学习（RL）作为核心训练方法。根据句意可知，此处表示“作为”，应用介词as，adopt…as…表示“采用……作为……”，固定搭配。故填as。 5．考查非谓语动词。句意：强化学习使模型能够通过交互和奖励机制进行学习，使其更适合处理复杂多变的任务。此处为现在分词作结果状语，表示顺其自然的结果应用现在分词形式，表主动。故填making。 6．考查主语从句。句意：然而，真正让竞争对手感到惊讶的是DeepSeek实现这一切所使用的预算很少。空处引导主语从句，从句中缺少主语，指物，应用连接代词what引导该从句，且句首单词首字母要大写。故填What。 7．考查形容词最高级。句意：根据其V3模型的技术报告，该公司的制造成本约为557万美元，在大型语言模型中属于成本最低的（最不昂贵的）。根据下文“It shows the possibility of advanced AI at much lower costs than was widely believed.(它显示了以比普遍认为的低得多的成本实现先进人工智能的可能性。)”和among可知，此处应表示“最不昂贵的”，故填the least expensive。 8．考查定语从句。句意：在一个长期以来一直依赖堆叠计算能力来发展的行业中，DeepSeek的模型给人以启发：规模更大并不总是意味着更聪明。空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词industry，引导词在从句中作定语，应用关系代词whose引导该从句。故填whose。 9．考查非谓语动词。句意：该公司致力于为技术的集体进步做出贡献。commit oneself to doing sth.表示“致力于做某事”，是固定短语，其中to是介词，其后应用动名词形式作宾语。故填contributing。 10．考查状语从句。句意：当被问及“DeepSeek”的含义时，R1聊天机器人回答说：“这个名字反映了公司深入探索和推进人工智能基础技术的使命，旨在突破人工智能创新和应用的界限。”根据句意可知，此处表示“当……时”，应用when引导时间状语从句，且句首单词首字母要大写。故填When。 主题03 人与自然 Passage 1 （24-25高二下·上海西郊学校·期中） Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Last August Susan and forty-two other students got wet and dirty while removing six tons of garbage 1 the river running across their city. They cleaned up the river as part of a weeklong environmental camp. Like one in three American rivers, this river 2 (pollute) so much that it’s unsafe for swimming or fishing. Still, Susan, who has just completed her third summer camp on the river cleanup, sees a change in this river. “Since we started three years ago, the river is getting a lot 3 (clean) ,” she says. Environmental scientists praise the teenagers for removing garbage 4 can harm wild life. Water birds, for example, can die of plastic bottle rings and get 5 (cut) by tiny metals. Three years ago, when the cleanup started, garbage was everywhere. But this year the teenagers 6 row their boats fast. By the end of the six-hour cleanup. they had removed enough garbage to fill more than two large trucks. “ 7 (see) what is left in the river makes people begin to care about environmental issues. ” Susan says. She hopes 8 when others read that, she and her peers care enough 9 (clean) it up, maybe they would think twice 10 they throw garbage into the river. 【答案】 1．from 2．is polluted 3．cleaner 4．that/which 5．cut 6．can 7．Seeing 8．that 9．to clean 10．before 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述去年八月，苏珊等学生清理城市河流垃圾，该河污染严重，如今渐清，此举望促人们扔垃圾前三思。 1．考查介词。句意：去年八月，苏珊和其他42名学生在清理穿过他们城市的河流中的六吨垃圾时，浑身又湿又脏。这里考查remove...from...，为固定搭配，表示“从……移除……”。故填from。 2．考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：像三分之一的美国河流一样，这条河被污染得很严重，游泳或钓鱼都不安全。此空考查谓语动词，this river与pollute之间为被动关系，且此处描述客观事实，用一般现在时；主语this river为单数。故填is polluted。 3．考查形容词比较级。句意：“自从三年前我们开始（清理），这条河变得干净多了，”她说。由a lot及语境可知，此处表示比之前更干净，用比较级。故填cleaner。 4．考查定语从句。句意：环境科学家赞扬这些青少年清除了可能危害野生动物的垃圾。这里考查定语从句，先行词为garbage，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，用that或which引导定语从句。故填that/which。 5．考查非谓语。句意：例如，水鸟可能因塑料瓶环而死，或被微小的金属割伤。这里考查“get + 过去分词”表示被动，cut的过去分词仍为cut。故填cut。 6．考查情态动词。句意：但今年这些青少年能快速划船了。根据语境，此处表示能力，所以应用情态动词can。故填can。 7．考查非谓语。句意：“看到河里剩下的东西会让人们开始关心环境问题。”苏珊说。此处应用动名词短语作主语，且句首时首字母应大写。故填Seeing。 8．考查宾语从句。句意：她希望，当其他人读到她和同龄人非常关心并清理这条河时，也许他们在往河里扔垃圾之前会三思。hope后接宾语从句，从句句意完整且不缺成分，用that引导。故填that。 9．考查非谓语。句意：她希望，当其他人读到她和同龄人非常关心并清理这条河时，也许他们在往河里扔垃圾之前会三思。这里考查care enough to do sth.，为固定结构，表示“足够关心去做某事”。故填to clean。 10．考查连词。句意：她希望，当其他人读到她和同龄人非常关心并清理这条河时，也许他们在往河里扔垃圾之前会三思。根据语境，扔垃圾的动作发生在“三思”之后，用before引导时间状语从句，表示“在……之前”。故填before。 Passage 2 （24-25高二下·上海华东师范大学第二附属中学·期中） Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Faster-than-light Travel Space is…big. Any story that involves characters 1 (go) across it needs to come up with a way to address the vast distances between galaxies (星系). There are a few ways that sci-fi writers get around this problem of moving their main characters from one point in space to 2 including wormholes and faster-than-light travel. Travelling at the speed of light — around 300,000km (186,000 miles) per second — would allow you 3 (circumnavigate) Earth 7.5 times in a single second and get you to the surface of the Sun in a little over 8 minutes. But your journey to Earth’s 4 (near) neighbouring star system, Alpha Centauri, some 40, 000 billion kilometres away, would take just under 4 years and 3 months. 5 faster-than-light travel was an option, though, you could explore the whole Universe. Unfortunately, not only is it impossible for anything to go faster than the speed of light, but according to Einstein’s special theory of relativity only things with zero mass at rest, 6 photons (光子), can travel at the speed of light. Things with mass, like us and spaceships, will always 7 travel at slower-than-light speeds. There are ways in which science-fiction writers 8 (attempt) to explain away faster-than-light travel over the past few decades, however. The movie Event Horizon explores 9 a 2074 spacecraft could effectively travel faster than light by folding the fabric of space on itself, thereby creating a means of travelling across the Universe in an instant. Interestingly, it’s possible that the speed of light hasn’t always been constant. Observations suggest that there were different wavelengths of light billions of years ago. Some have even assumed that this could support the notion of extra space dimensions 10 the laws of physics are different. Maybe, then, we could one day enter the hyperspace dimension to visit a galaxy far, far away… 【答案】 1．going 2．another 3．to circumnavigate 4．nearest 5．If 6．like 7．have to 8．have attempted/have been attempting 9．how 10．where 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了一些探索宇宙太空的科学知识。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：任何涉及角色穿越的故事都需要想出一种方法来解决星系之间的巨大距离。involves sb doing sth，意为“使某人参与做某事”，所以是现在分词作补足语。故填going。 2．考查不定代词。句意：科幻作家有几种方法可以解决将主角从太空中的一个点移动到另一个点的问题，包括虫洞和超光速旅行。固定搭配from one…to another，表示“从一个到另一个”。故填another。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：以每秒30万公里（18.6万英里）的光速旅行，你可以在一秒钟内绕地球7.5圈，并在8分钟多一点的时间内到达太阳表面。allow sb to do sth结构“允许某人干某事”，需用不定式作宾补。故填to circumnavigate。 4．考查形容词最高级。句意：但是，你到距离地球最近的恒星系统——半人马座阿尔法星——大约40万亿公里远的旅程，只需要不到4年零3个月的时间。根据语境，比邻星是地球最近的恒星系统，需用最高级nearest。故填nearest。 5．考查连词。句意：然而，如果超光速旅行是一种选择，你就可以探索整个宇宙。引导条件状语从句，表示假设“如果”。句首字母大写，故填If。 6．考查介词。句意：不幸的是，不仅任何物体都不可能超过光速，而且根据爱因斯坦的狭义相对论，只有静止质量为零的物体，比如光子，才能以光速运动。此处举例说明“只有静止质量为零的物体（如光子）”，用介词like表示“例如”。故填like。 7．考查情态动词短语。句意：有质量的物体，比如人类和宇宙飞船，只能以亚光速旅行。表示“必须”，和will搭配，have to符合语境“有质量的物体只能以亚光速旅行”。故填have to。 8．考查时态。句意：然而，在过去的几十年里，科幻作家们试图用一些方法来解释超光速旅行的存在。根据时间状语over the past few decades可知，可用现在完成时，表示过去开始的动作持续到现在，或用现在完成进行时，表示此动作有可能一直持续下去。主谓一致，故填have attempted/have been attempting。 9．考查宾语从句。句意：电影《事件视界》（Event Horizon）探索了2074年一艘宇宙飞船如何通过折叠空间结构来实现比光速更快的旅行，从而创造了一种瞬间穿越宇宙的方式。引导宾语从句，表示“如何”，“探讨了如何通过折叠空间实现超光速旅行”，故填how。 10．考查定语从句。句意：有些人甚至认为，这可能支持额外空间维度的概念，那里的物理定律不同。定语从句修饰先行词dimensions，表示“在这些维度中物理定律不同”，作地点状语，用where引导。故填where。 主题01 人与自我 Passage 1 （24-25高二下·上海闵行区六校联考·期中） Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. The Trouble with Friends On a daily basis, I teach kids. 1 “kids”, I mean teens to college-age, sometimes mid-twenties. Kids talk a lot about their friends, but don't usually talk about their families. Sometimes I'm taken completely by surprise when, months into our knowing each other, a student mentions 2 (have) a twin. I suppose hearing the constant chatter about friends has made me consider my own, and how hard it can be 3 (maintain) these bonds as an adult. Mostly, what I notice is that I lose more friends than I make. An obvious reason for that is marriage. Friends get married and their spouses become their 4 (close) friends. My husband is now the person 5 I spend the most time. I tell him everything because I trust him with my thoughts, 6 stupid they may be. I used to be the same way with friends, but when I tell friends something now, I must accept the possibility that they 7 tell their spouses, who I'm friendly but not friends with. A friendship is truly strained when you don't like the spouse. Sometimes this new person is so far away from 8 you imagined for your friend that you wonder if you knew your friend at all. After marriage, a friend who used to discuss things with you stops doing so, and 9 (update) you only on definitive good news, never the bad, the ugly, or the in-progress. She saves all of that for her partner. In other words, you're no longer included in the problem-solving. Of course, some matters belong first to the marriage: the stuff of intimacy, finance, family. Increasingly, my friends leave me out of these big conversations, and vice versa, but when the outcome is certain, we do update one another, 10 reminds us that we're still friends. 【答案】 1．by 2．having 3．to maintain 4．closest 5．with whom 6．however 7．may/might 8．what 9．updates 10．which 【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，作者作为一名教师，通过学生常谈论朋友而很少谈论家人这一现象，引出自己对成年后维持朋友关系的思考，分析了婚姻对朋友关系的影响。 1．考查介词。句意：我说的“孩子”，指的是青少年到大学年龄的人，有时是二十多岁的人。根据“I mean teens to college-age(指的是青少年到大学年龄的人)”可知，这里表达“通过这个词，我的意思是……”，“by”有“通过，凭借”的意思，符合语境，故填by。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：有时，在我们认识几个月后，当一个学生提到有一个双胞胎时，我会完全感到惊讶。空白处在句子中作宾语，使用动名词，故填having。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：我想，听到关于朋友的不断谈论，让我开始思考我自己的朋友，以及作为一个成年人维持这些关系是多么困难。本句使用了固定句型“it + be + adj. + to do sth.”，“it”是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式，表示一个指向将来的不确定的动作，故填to maintain。 4．考查形容词最高级。句意：朋友们结婚了，他们的配偶成了他们最亲密的朋友。根据上文“their spouses(他们的配偶)”可知，这里表示配偶成为了最亲密的朋友，所以要用形容词的最高级形式，close的最高级是closest，故填closest。 5．考查定语从句。句意：我的丈夫现在是我相处时间最多的人。本句为包含定语从句的复合句，定语从句使用了“介词+关系代词”做引导词，先行词是the person，在从句中“spend time with sb.”是固定搭配，所以关系代词前要加介词with，先行词是人，在介词后要用whom，故填with whom。 6．考查让步状语从句。句意：我什么都跟他讲，因为我信任他，愿意把我的想法告诉他，无论它们可能有多愚蠢。根据上文“I tell him everything because I trust him with my thoughts”以及下文“stupid they may be”可知，上下文之间为转折关系，这里引导让步状语从句，stupid是形容词，however表示“无论多么”，引导让步状语从句时，后接形容词或副词，符合语境，故填however。 7．考查情态动词。句意：我过去和朋友也是这样，但现在当我告诉朋友一些事情时，我必须接受他们可能会告诉他们的配偶的可能性，我和他们的配偶很友好，但不是朋友。根据下文“tell their spouses”，可知这里表示一种可能性，may/might都可以表示“可能”，故填may/might。 8．考查宾语从句。句意：有时，这个新出现的人（配偶）与你为你的朋友所设想的人相差甚远，以至于你怀疑你是否真的了解你的朋友。本句为包含宾语从句的复合句，从句中“imagined”缺少宾语，“what”可以引导宾语从句，并在从句中作宾语，故填what。 9．考查动词时态。句意：结婚后，一个曾经和你讨论事情的朋友不再这样做了，只告诉你确定的好消息，从不告诉你坏消息、糟糕的消息或正在进行中的消息。空白处在句子中作谓语，因句子表示的是一个客观情况，谓语动词使用一般现在时，所以谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式，故填updates。 10．考查定语从句。句意：我的朋友们越来越多地把我排除在这些重大谈话之外，反之亦然，但当结果确定时，我们确实会互相告知，这提醒我们仍然是朋友。本句为包含定语从句的复合句，先行词是前面整个句子，关系词在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which引导定语从句，故填which。 Passage 2 （24-25高二下·上海嘉定区六校联考·期中） Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. ADDIS ABABA, Ethiopia—At 19, Yohannes Gebregeorgis borrowed a novel entitled Love Kitten that changed his life forever. Born in rural Ethiopia, his father was an illiterate cattle merchant who insisted that his son 1 (have) an education. So Gebregeorgis had seen a few books in school. But 2 (have) a book of his own sparked a lifelong commitment. Today, Gebregeorgis is establishing libraries and literacy programs to connect Ethiopian children with books. “Most Ethiopian children only have access to textbooks in the classroom,” says Gebregeorgis. “Books 3 children read outside of school are the spices of education.” Until he became a children’s librarian, he didn’t realize 4 the children of his native home were missing. Arriving in the United States in 1981, Gebregeorgis ultimately put himself through college, 5 (obtain) a graduate degree in library science. He took a position at the San Francisco Children’s Library in 1985. There, he met The Little Engine That Could, Captain Ahab, and Peter Pan. He realized the impact children’s books could make 6 a child’s sense of wonder and vision. “Children could imagine everything from books—connections to other cultures, to other people, to other children, and to the universe at large. Reading gives them hope. It gives them pleasure. It gives them everything that they cannot otherwise get in regular textbooks.” But Gebregeorgis found that there were no children’s books in Amharic, the primary language of Ethiopia, and none representing the places and characters of Ethiopian lore. 7 the library granted $1,200 for the purchase of Ethiopian books, Gebregeorgis was unable to find any, so he wrote one. Silly Mamma was the first bilingual Amharic-English children’s book, and its publication led Gebregeorgis 8 (establish) the nonprofit organization Ethiopia Reads in 1988. Using proceeds from book sales, the nonprofit organization 9 (finance) his efforts to bring children’s libraries to Ethiopia. Gebregeorgis reads storybooks to children who 10 (deny) access to television or computers and believes that literacy and education will emancipate his impoverished land. “With literate children there is no limit as to how much we can do.” 【答案】 1．should have/have 2．having 3．that/which 4．what 5．obtaining 6．on 7．When 8．to establish 9．financed 10．have been denied/are denied 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了格布雷格奥尔吉斯是如何帮助埃塞俄比亚地区的儿童获得阅读课外书籍的机会的。 1．考查虚拟语气。句意：他的父亲出生在埃塞俄比亚农村，是一名不识字的牛贩子，他坚持让儿子接受教育。分析句子可知，句子为“that”引导的从句作“insisted”的宾语，句中“insisted”意为“坚持让”，此时从句要用虚拟语气，谓语动词用“should+动词原形”，“should”可省略，空格处填“should have”或“have”。故填should have/have。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：但拥有一本自己的书激发了他一生的奉献。分析句子可知，句中有谓语动词“sparked”且句中无连词，空格处应用非谓语动词，根据句子结构可知，空格处应用动名词作主语，“have”意为“有”，动词词性，动名词为“having”。故填having。 3．考查定语从句。句意：孩子们在校外读的书是教育的额外乐趣。分析句子可知，句子为限制性定语从句，先行词为“Books”，指物，在从句中作宾语，应用关系代词“that”或“which”引导从句。故填that/which。 4．考查宾语从句。句意：直到他成为一名儿童图书管理员，他才意识到家乡的孩子们缺少了什么。分析句子可知，句子为宾语从句，空格处单词引导从句作“realize”的宾语，从句中缺少“were missing”的宾语，指物，没有选择范围，应用“what”引导从句。故填what。 5．考查非谓语动词。句意：1981年来到美国，格布雷格奥尔吉斯最终完成了大学学业，获得了图书馆学的研究生学位。分析句子可知，句中有谓语动词“put”且句中无连词，空格处应用非谓语动词，“obtain”意为“获得”，句子主语“Gebregeorgis”和“obtain”之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，应用“obtain”的现在分词“obtaining”作状语。故填obtaining。 6．考查固定短语。句意：他意识到儿童读物会对儿童的好奇感和视野产生影响。分析句子可知，句中涉及固定短语“make an impact on…”，意为“对……产生影响”，空格处应用介词“on”。故填on。 7．考查时间状语从句。句意：当图书馆拨款1200美元购买埃塞俄比亚书籍时，格布雷格奥尔吉斯找不到任何书籍，所以他写了一本。分析句子可知，句子为时间状语从句，空格处单词引导从句，表示“当……时”，应用“when”引导从句，句首单词首字母大写。故填When。 8．考查固定短语。句意：《傻妈妈》是第一本双语的阿姆哈拉语和英语的儿童读物，它的出版促使格布雷格奥尔吉斯在198年创立了非营利组织Ethiopia Reads。分析句子可知，句中涉及固定短语“lead sb. to do sth.”，意为“促使某人做某事”，“establish”意为“创立”，动词词性，空格处应填“to establish”。故填to establish。 9．考查时态。句意：这个非营利组织利用图书销售收入为他把儿童图书馆带到埃塞俄比亚的想法提供资金。根据句意可知，句子陈述的是过去发生的事，应用一般过去时，动词要用过去式，“finance”意为“提供资金”，动词词性，过去式为“financed”。故填financed。 10．考查时态和语态。句意：格布雷格奥尔吉斯为那些无法接触电视或电脑的儿童读故事书，并相信识字和教育将解放他贫困的土地。根据句意可知，句子陈述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时，“who”为关系代词，代指先行词“children”，“deny”意为“拒绝”，动词词性，“children”和“deny”为被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态，“children”与“are”连用，“deny”的过去分词为“denied”，空格处应填“are denied”，当句子强调动作发生在过去并持续到现在时，应用现在完成时的被动语态，“children”与“have”连用，空格处应填“have been denied”。故填have been denied/are denied。 主题02 人与社会 Passage 1 （24-25高二下·上海复旦大学附属中学·期中） Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Can AI Create “Great” Poetry? Last week, I sent a request to ChatGPT, the latest artificial intelligence chatbot. In less than a minute, the program had created in full a rhyming Shakespearean sonnet (莎士比亚十四行诗). Tools like ChatGPT seem sure to change the world of poetry — and so much else — but poets also have a lot to teach us about artificial intelligence. If algorithms are getting good at writing poetry, it’s partially 1 poetry was always an algorithmic business. Even the most rebellious poets follow more rules than they might like to admit. When 2 (teach) to imitate the structure of sonnet, schoolchildren are effectively learning to follow algorithmic constraints. 3 it surprise us that computers can do so, too? But considering how ChatGPT works, its ability to follow the rules for sonnets seems 4 (impressive) as no one taught it these rules. It is based on a newer kind of AI known as a large language model (LLM). 5 (put) it simply, LLMs analyze large amounts of human writing and learn to predict the next word which should appear in a string of text, based on context. One frequent criticism of LLMs is that they do not understand 6 they write; they just do a great job of guessing the next word. The moment a private verse by Dickinson makes us feel like the poet speaks directly to us, we 7 (experience) the effects of a technology called language. Of course, every Dickinson poem reflects her intention to create meaning. When ChatGPT puts words together, it intends 8 . Some argue that writings by LLMs therefore have no meaning, only the appearance of it. If I see a cloud in the sky that looks like a giraffe, I recognize it as an accidental similarity. In the same way, this argument goes, we should regard the writings of ChatGPT as merely imitating real language, meaningless and random as cloud shapes. When I showed my friends the sonnet by ChatGPT, they called it “soulless and barren” 9 following all the rules for sonnets. But is the average sonnet by a human any better? 10 we now expect computers to write not just poems but good poems, then we have set a much higher bar. 【答案】 1．because 2．taught 3．Should 4．more impressive 5．To put 6．what 7．are experiencing 8．nothing 9．despite 10．If 【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章探讨了AI创作诗歌的能力，指出虽然AI能完美遵循诗歌规则，但由于缺乏人类的理解和创作意图，其作品仍被认为是“空洞”的；同时提出思考：如果以人类的标准要求AI诗歌，实际上是设定了更高的评判标准。 1．考查表语从句。句意：如果算法越来越擅长写诗，部分原因在于诗歌本身始终是一种算法行为。空处引导表语从句，根据“poetry was always an algorithmic business”可知，此处解释“算法擅长写诗”的原因，因此用because引导从句。故填because。 2．考查状语从句中的省略。句意：当学生们被教导模仿十四行诗的结构时，他们实际上是在学习遵循算法约束。此处用了When引导时间状语从句，且从句的主语和主句的主语一致，从句中含有be动词，因此对主语和be动词同时进行了省略，teach“教导”和被省略的主语schoolchildren之间是被动关系，因此应用teach的过去分词形式。故填taught。 3．考查情态动词。句意：这也应该让我们感到惊讶吗？句子为一般疑问句，动词surprise为原形，空处应为助动词或情态动词，结合前一句内容可知，此处是对“感到惊讶”的合理性提出质疑，表示“应该让我们感到惊讶吗”，因此用情态动词should，且句首单词的首字母需大写。故填Should。 4．考查比较级。句意：但考虑到ChatGPT的工作原理，它在无人教导的情况下掌握十四行诗规则的能力似乎更加令人印象深刻。空处作表语，结合后文“as no one taught it”可知，此处暗示比较，表示比有人教的情况“更令人印象深刻”，因此用impressive的比较级形式。故填more impressive。 5．考查固定短语。句意：简而言之，LLM通过分析大量人类文本，学会根据上下文预测文本中应该出现的下一个词。to put it simply是固定短语，意为“简单来说”，用于在解释或概括复杂问题时提供简明扼要的表达方式，句首单词的首字母需大写。故填To put。 6．考查宾语从句。句意：对大语言模型的一个常见批评是，它们并不理解自己写的内容；它们只是非常擅长猜测下一个词。空处引导名词性从句作understand的宾语，宾语从句缺少宾语，结合“they write”可知，宾语指物，因此用连接代词what作引导词。故填what。 7．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：当狄金森的一首私人诗歌让我们感觉诗人直接在对我们倾诉时，我们正在体验一种叫做“语言”的技术效果。空处作主句的谓语，结合“The moment”可知，应用现在进行时强调那一刻正在发生的体验，主语是we，be动词应用are。故填are experiencing。 8．考查代词。句意：而当ChatGPT将词语组合在一起时，它没有任何意图。空处作intends的宾语，结合前一句内容可知，此处与前文Dickinson的诗歌形成对比，表示AI“没有创作意图”，因此用不定代词nothing“没有什么”。故填nothing。 9．考查介词。句意：当我把ChatGPT创作的十四行诗展示给朋友们时，尽管它完全遵循了十四行诗的所有规则，他们仍称其为“空洞无物”。空后为动名词短语，空处应用介词，结合“they called it “soulless and barren””和“following all the rules for sonnets”可知，此处是让步关系，表示“尽管它完全遵循了十四行诗的所有规则”，因此用介词despite“尽管”。故填despite。 10．考查状语从句。句意：如果我们现在期望计算机不仅能写诗，还能写出好诗，那我们就设定了更高的标准。逗号前后均为完整的句子，前半句是后半句发生的条件，空处应用从属连词if引导条件状语从句，意为“如果……”，句首单词的首字母需大写。故填If。 Passage 2 （24-25高二下·上海闵行区七宝中学·期中） Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Why Everyone Is Lonely One of the reasons why we tend not to make friends as often as we might come down to a powerful background idea 1 full destructive force we may not even be aware of: the belief that any decent person already has all the friends they need. Somewhere in our minds, the notion has been lodged that only very sad and incapable people would — at this stage in their lives — still have a space in their social agenda for a newcomer. Almost everyone else — anyone worthy 2 (know), talented, interesting or good — would long ago have acquired the gang to which they are now continually and hopelessly connected. 3 this punishing idea misses is the extent to which a feeling of loneliness and disenchantment (幻灭感) is in reality an ongoing and universal possibility, in no way limited to 4 of reduced appeal. Right now, the enchanting actor is (despite the crowds) perhaps lonely; 5 is the celebrated concert pianist, the renowned biologist, the skilled airline pilot, the miraculous neurosurgeon and that rather nice-looking person you have just spotted in the corner of the room 6 (laugh) animatedly with a group of fashionable companions. It’s open to anyone of sensitivity and charm to fail to find the right sort of allies, 7 (outgrow) their friends from school or university, to not have landed on agreeable spirits at work and therefore to be spending a lot of their evenings on their own. And we can know this for certain of other people 8 we know it from a very reliable source: ourselves. Other people who know us at a social level almost certainly find it hard to imagine the degree to which we are exposed to loneliness and 9 we would still like to locate a wise, tender, funny and interesting new friend. The next time we spot an interesting person, we 10 stop disobey the moral of our own lives. We don’t have exactly the right people in our social circle — and nor, most probably, do they. So we can afford to drop our false background ideas of social life — and go up and say hello. 【答案】 1．whose 2．to be known 3．what 4．those 5．so 6．laughing 7．to have outgrown 8．because 9．how much 10．should 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要介绍的是现代社会中人们普遍感到孤独的原因，并分析了这种现象背后的心理误区，最后提出了改变这一现状的建议。 1．考查定语从句。句意：我们之所以不常交朋友，其中一个原因可以归结为一种强大的背景观念，其破坏力之强甚至可能超出我们的意识：即任何体面的人都已经有了他们所需要的所有朋友。此处为关系词引导的定语从句，先行词idea与空后的名词force之间为所属关系，需用关系代词whose。故填whose。 2．考查动词不定式。句意：几乎其他所有人——任何值得尊敬的、有才华的、有趣的或优秀的人——很久以前就会获得他们现在不断且无可救药地联系在一起的团伙。根据句意，know与逻辑主语anyone之间为被动关系，所以此处为固定搭配be worthy to be done，所以此处需用不定式的被动形式to be known。故填to be known。 3．考查主语从句。句意：这种严苛的观念忽略了一个事实，即孤独感和幻灭感实际上是一种持续且普遍的可能性，并不局限于那些吸引力较低的人群。此处为连接词引导的主语从句，从句中缺少missed的宾语，指的是事物，所以此处使用连接代词what。故填what。 4．考查代词。句意：同上。此空前为介词of，且无提示词，所以此处使用代词作宾语，结合句意，此处需用those指代“引力较低的人”，表示复数概念。故填those。 5．考查连词。句意：此刻，那位迷人的演员（尽管身边总是围着人群）可能感到孤独；同样如此的还有那位著名的音乐会钢琴家、杰出的生物学家、技术娴熟的航空公司飞行员、神奇的神经外科医生，以及你刚刚在房间角落看到的那个正与一群时尚伙伴热情交谈的好看的人。此处为“so/neither/nor+系动词/助动词+主语”结构，表示“与上文的情况相同”，上文中的内容为肯定句，所以此处使用so。故填so。 6．考查现在分词。句意：同上。此处为非谓语动词作后置定语，laugh与先行词person之间为主动关系，所以此处使用现在分词形式，故填laughing。 7．考查不定式完成式。句意：任何一个敏感且有魅力的人都可能无法找到合适的伙伴，可能已经超越了学校或大学时期的朋友，可能在工作中没有遇到志趣相投的人，因此不得不独自度过许多夜晚。该句为“it作形式主语，不定式作真正主语”结构，此处与空后的“to not have landed”以及“to be spending”为并列关系，所以此处使用动词不定式形式，结合句意，outgrow发生在谓语动词之前，所以此处使用不定式的完成式to have outgrown。故填to have outgrown。 8．考查原因状语从句。句意：我们可以从一个非常可靠的消息来源——我们自己——得知这一点，因此我们也可以确定其他人的情况。此处为连词连接两个句子，结合句意，上下文之间为因果关系，所以此处为because引导原因状语从句。故填because。 9．考查宾语从句。句意：其他在社交层面上认识我们的人几乎很难想象我们有多么孤独，以及我们仍然多么渴望找到一位睿智、温柔、幽默且有趣的新朋友。此处为连接词引导的宾语从句作imagine的宾语，结合上文的“the degree to which we are exposed to loneliness”可知，此处应为how much引导宾语从句，表示程度。故填how much。 10．考查情态动词。句意：下次我们看到一个有趣的人时，我们应该停止违背自己生活中的教训。结合句意以及上文的“The next time we spot an interesting person”可知，此处表示建议，需用should。故填should。 Passage 3 （24-25高二下·上海控江中学·期中） Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, us one word that best fits each blank. The Afterlife of Data Franz Kafka died 100 years ago. He had instructed his friend Max Brod 1 (burn) his unpublished works. Fortunately for generations of readers, Brod didn’t; he believed Kafka to be among 2 (great) writers of his time and instead edited and published his late friend’s writing. In other words, Brod decided that Kafka’s stories belonged not to the late author, but to the public. Brod’s situation echoes today. People live online and generate far more data than they did just a decade ago. Everyone leaves digital traces behind 3 they die, either deliberately, in the form of social-media posts, or incidentally, with web searches, location data, or banking records. The digital era 4 (reshape) humans’ relationship with the dead. Anyone 5 social media account has reminded them to say “happy birthday” to a dead relative can agree. That sort of reminder would probably never have happened before social media, 6 everyone who knew that person’s birthday also would have known that he was dead. Such reminders are likely to grow more common: recent research has found that, on Facebook, the dead 7 outnumber the living within 40 years. Technology enables a continued relationship with the dead. In 2022, Amazon announced that it was developing a feature so its virtual assistant, Alexa, could be programmed to speak in the voice of a dead relative using 8 (record) data. It even made a video in which a boy asks Alexa to read him “The Wizard of Oz” in his late grandmother’s voice. But the advancement of technology brings with it the question: 9 whom do the dead’s data belong? This is not merely a question for individuals wondering 10 to do with their loved ones’ digital remains. It’s a question for society at large. After all, historians often study the diaries of the dead. 【答案】 1．to burn 2．the greatest 3．when/after 4．has reshaped 5．whose 6．because/as/since/for 7．may/might 8．recorded 9．to 10．what 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了卡夫卡去世百年，其友人未遵嘱烧遗作。数字时代人留数字痕迹，引发死者数据归属的社会思考。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：他曾指示他的朋友马克斯·布罗德烧掉他未发表的作品。短语instruct sb. to do sth.表示“指示某人做某事”。故填to burn。 2．考查最高级。句意：幸运的是，对几代读者来说，布罗德没有；他相信卡夫卡是他那个时代最伟大的作家之一，于是他编辑并出版了这位已故朋友的作品。根据后文of his time以及句意“最伟大的”可知为最高级，前面加the，故填the greatest。 3．考查状语从句。句意：每个人死后都会留下数字痕迹，要么是故意以社交媒体帖子的形式留下，要么是偶然地留下网络搜索、位置数据或银行记录。引导时间状语从句，可理解为“当……时候”用when；或“在……之后”用after。故填when/after。 4．考查时态。句意：数字时代重塑了人类与死者的关系。表示过去的动作对现在产生影响，用现在完成时，主语为era，助动词用has。故填has reshaped。 5．考查定语从句。句意：任何一个在社交媒体账户上提醒自己要向死去的亲人说“生日快乐”的人都可以同意。定语从句修饰先行词anyone，在从句作定语，用whose。故填whose。 6．考查状语从句。句意：在社交媒体出现之前，这种提醒可能永远不会发生，因为每个知道那个人生日的人也会知道他已经死了。引导原因状语从句，表示“因为”可用because/as/since/for。故填because/as/since/for。 7．考查情态动词。句意：这样的提醒可能会变得越来越普遍：最近的研究发现，在Facebook上，40年内死去的人可能会超过活着的人。后跟动词原形，表示“可能”用情态动词may/might。故填may/might。 8．考查形容词。句意：2022年，亚马逊宣布它正在开发一项功能，这样它的虚拟助手Alexa就可以通过编程，使用记录的数据以已故亲属的声音说话。修饰名词data用形容词recorded。故填recorded。 9．考查介词。句意：但随着技术的进步，随之而来的问题是：死者的数据属于谁？此处为短语belong to表示“属于”，用介词to。故填to。 10．考查疑问词。句意：但随着技术的进步，随之而来的问题是：死者的数据属于谁？这不仅仅是一个个人想知道如何处理他们所爱的人的数字遗骸的问题。此处为疑问词+不定式结构，表示“做什么”用what。故填what。 主题03 人与自然 Passage 1 （24-25高二下·上海青浦高级中学·期中） Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Animals might not celebrate Christmas, but that doesn’t mean they don’t give gifts. We are not the only species 1 (use) presents to delight and impress each other. Birds, insects, primates and other animals are all known to find and give favors for love, fun and friendship. There seem to be two types of animal gift giving: nuptial and non-nuptial. Nuptial gifts are tokens 2 (give) when seeking love. On the other hand, an animal 3 give a gift for fun, to make new friends, or to say thanks, and these are called non-nuptial gifts. Crows that 4 (feed) on a regular basis and learn to trust the people feeding them sometimes bring those people shiny trinkets (小装饰品). A queen bee sits in the parlor producing young while accepting a steady supply of food brought to 5 by the workers. Sometimes gift giving can go a bit too far. Certain male spiders give the ultimate gift when they become the main meal for the female they have just mated with. An animal giving a gift is doing so for a self-serving reason — to raise its young, to attract a mate, to survive by a division of labor or by bonding within a group. Food is important in the animal world. Most animals don`t share food 6 parents feeding their young. Bonobos (矮黑猩猩) resist this trend, gifting food to unrelated bonobos. Sometimes they give food just 7 they notice someone else doesn’t have any. They also give food just to hang out. with friends. Dolphins are well known gift givers. They give to say “thank you” and “let’s be friends”. They might even give gifts out of pity. At some aquariums (水族馆), dolphin keepers notice gifts of dead eels, tuna, squid and other seafood. One running theory is 8 the dolphins are so worried about the keepers’ poor fishing and survival skills that they leave gifts of delicious mouthfuls. As humans, we have many animal traits that 9 (shape) by our culture over the ages. Sometimes the true origin and ancestral purpose of a behavior become lost in the evolutionary past, leading us to think of ourselves as 10 (rise) above the rest of the animals. Maybe we have in some instances, and perhaps gift giving is one of them. 【答案】 1．to use 2．given 3．might 4．are fed 5．her 6．except 7．because 8．that 9．have been shaped 10．rising 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了动物界中存在的送礼行为，包括求偶礼物和非求偶礼物的类型，以及不同动物送礼的动机和方式。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：我们并非唯一会用礼物来取悦和打动彼此的物种。空处为非谓语动词形式担当后置定语；被修饰词“species”前有only修饰，用动词不定式形式担当后置定语。故填to use。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：求偶礼物是在求爱时送出的信物。空处为非谓语动词担当后置定语；被修饰词“tokens”和动词“give”之间为被动关系，用过去分词形式。故填given。 3．考查情态动词。句意：另一方面，动物也可能会出于乐趣、结交新朋友或表达感谢而赠送礼物，这些就被称为非求偶礼物。空处为情态动词，根据空后“give a gift for fun, to make new friends, or to say thanks”可推测，空处意为“可能”，用情态动词might。故填might。 4．考查谓语动词。句意：那些经常被人喂食并逐渐信任喂食者的乌鸦，有时会给这些人带来闪亮的小饰品。空处为从句谓语动词；根据主句时态可知，从句时态为一般现在时；主语为“that”，即crows，复数，和动词“feed”之间为被动关系。故填are fed。 5．考查代词。句意：蜂王坐在蜂巢中产卵，同时接受工蜂源源不断送来的食物。空处为代词形式代指“A queen bee”，担当宾语，用宾格形式。故填her。 6．考查介词。句意：除了父母喂养幼崽之外，大多数动物不会分享食物。空处为介词形式，意为“除了……”，用介词except。故填except。 7．考查连接词。句意：有时，它们送食物仅仅是因为注意到其他同类没有食物了。空处引导原因状语从句，意为“因为”。故填because。 8．考查表语从句。句意：有一种普遍的说法是，海豚非常担心饲养员糟糕的捕鱼能力和生存技能，所以才会留下这些美味的食物作为礼物。空处为表语从句的连接词，表语从句中不缺少成分，句意完整，用that引导。故填that。 9．考查谓语动词。句意：作为人类，我们身上有许多动物的特性，这些特性在漫长的岁月中受到了文化的影响。空处为从句谓语动词；根据“over the ages”可知，从句时态为现在完成时；主语为“animal traits”，和动词“shape”之间为被动关系。故填have been shaped。 10．考查非谓语动词。句意：有时，某种行为的真正起源和其在祖先时代的目的会在进化的过程中逐渐被遗忘，这让我们觉得自己超越了其他动物。空处为非谓语动词形式担当介词后的宾语，用动名词形式。故填rising。 Passage 2 （24-25高二下·上海华东师范大学附属东昌中学·期中） Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. What Can One City Do? People around the world are concerned about global warming and are talking about ways to stop it. The city of Cambridge, Massachusetts, in the United States, is doing more than just talking. Cambridge wants to become a world leader in energy-efficient buildings. Today, Naema Omar is improving her 80-year-old house in Cambridge. To keep the heat inside in the winter, she is filling the space inside the walls with insulation(绝缘). Insulation is usually made from chemicals, but in her house, she is using 1 new — insulation made from recycled blue jeans and other clothes. She has also put in a new type of light called an LED lamp 2 uses only a tiny amount of electricity. The light bulbs in it last for 20 to 30 years before needing 3 (change). But eco-friendly insulation and lighting are much more expensive than the usual kind 4 many people in Cambridge can’t afford them. A group called Cambridge Energy Alliance (CEA) 5 (work) to solve this problem. They want to help every resident and business in the city conserve energy. People can ask the group to come and look at 6 they can make their house or office building eco-friendly. The CEA then makes them a plan to save 15 to 30 percent on heating, gas, water, and electricity. Then the group help people borrow money to pay for the improvements. The money that people save by being 7 (efficient) should be enough to pay back the loan. It was ten years ago that the city of Cambridge decided to try to reduce its carbon emissions. More than 80 percent of the carbon dioxide 8 (produce) in Cambridge comes from buildings — not from cars. 9 successful, the program will not only save a lot of energy but also make new jobs for local people. Workers 10 (need) to put in insulation, install better doors and windows, and make other energy improvements on buildings. The CEA hopes that their program will be an example for other cities. 【答案】 1．something 2．that/which 3．to be changed/changing 4．so that 5．is working 6．how 7．more efficient 8．produced 9．If/Once 10．will be needed 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍剑桥大学关注全球变暖情况，希望成为世界上节能建筑的领导者。 1．考查不定代词。句意：隔热材料通常是由化学物质制成的，但在她的房子里，她使用了一些新的东西——由回收的蓝色牛仔裤和其他衣服制成的隔热材料。根据句意可知，此空应填something，在本句中作宾语，符合句意。故填something。 2．考查定语从句。句意：她还引入了一种新型的光，称为LED灯，这种灯只需要很少量的电。分析句子可知，这里考查定语从句，先行词为an LED lamp，为物，在从句中作主语。故填that/which。 3．考查非谓语。句意：里面的灯泡在需要更换之前可以使用20到30年。分析句子可知，这里考查need to be done或者need doing，均表示“需要被做”，为固定搭配。故填to be changed/changing。 4．考查连词。句意：但环保隔热和照明比通常的要贵得多，所以剑桥的许多人买不起。分析句子可知，此空应填连词，再由句意可知，应填so that表“所以”，引导结果状语从句。故填so that。 5．考查时态。句意：一个名为剑桥能源联盟（CEA）的组织正在努力解决这个问题。分析句子可知，这里考查谓语动词，由句意可知，这里表示“剑桥能源联盟的组织正在努力解决”，所以这里应用现在进行时，且主语为A group，为单数形式。故填is working。 6．考查宾语从句。句意：人们可以请小组来看看如何使他们的房子或办公楼环保。分析句子可知，这里考查宾语从句，由句意可知，这里应表示“如何使他们的房子或办公楼环保”，所以这里应用连接副词how。故填how。 7．考查形容词比较级。句意：人们通过提高效率节省的钱应该足以偿还贷款。由上文The CEA then makes them a plan to save 15 to 30 percent on heating, gas, water, and electricity可知，这里表示“更加有效率”，所以应用比较级。故填more efficient。 8．考查非谓语。句意：剑桥80%以上的二氧化碳来自建筑，而不是汽车。分析句子可知，这里考查非谓语，the carbon dioxide与produce为被动关系，再由句意可知，这里应用过去分词形式作定语。故填produced。 9．考查连词。句意：如果该计划成功，不仅可以节省大量能源，还可以为当地人创造新的就业机会。分析句子可知，此空应填连词，由句意可知，可填if或者once，构成条件状语从句，且句首时首字母应大写。故填If/Once。 10．考查时态语态。句意：工人们将需要安装隔热材料，安装更好的门窗，并对建筑物进行其它能源改进。分析句子可知，这里考查谓语动词， Workers与need为被动关系，且由前句可知，这里时态也应用一般将来时。故填will be needed。 Passage 3 （24-25高二下·上海南洋中学·期中） Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Fresh warning sounded on plastics problem Walk along any beach in the world, no matter how isolated, and you will see plastic of some kind washed up on the shoreline, 1 (offer) a reminder of the reckless throwaway culture of the present-day world. Lately, a study 2 (sound) a fresh warning on the damage caused to the marine ecosystem due to discarded plastics, which eventually has a bearing on human health due to the seafood we consume. In a paper 3 (title) “A Growing Plastic Smog” published on March 8, 2023 in the peer-reviewed research journal Plos One, researchers called on governments around the world 4 (take) sweeping action to address the “unprecedented plastic pollution” of the world’s oceans. The plastics break down over time into minute particles that cannot be detected by the naked eye, but find their way into the marine ecosystem and into the seafood humans consume. No one knows for certain 5 the long-term damage will be to marine life and humans, but the study placed much of the blame on the plastics industry for failing to recycle or design for recyclability. “ 6 eaten, microplastics can severely damage an animal’s internal tissues. Globally, we have reached a situation 7 we can no longer ignore the plastic pollution pandemic that is infecting our oceans,” he said. “This research shows us that beach cleanups and citizen science projects that focus on the environmental fate of plastics have little impact on solving the enormity of the plastic problem. Marcus Eriksen, lead author of the study, said in a statement that the findings were a “stark warning 8 we must act now at a global scale”. “We’ve found an alarming trend of exponential growth of microplastics in the global ocean since the millennium, which 9 (expect) to reach over 170 trillion plastic particles,” said Eriksen, adding that the exponential increase in microplastics across the world’s oceans makes 10 necessary to “bring in an age of corporate responsibility for the entire life of the things they make”. 【答案】 1．offering 2．has sounded 3．titled 4．to take 5．what 6．Once/If/When 7．where 8．that 9．is expected 10．it 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了如今海洋面临严重的塑料污染。最近，一项研究对废弃塑料对海洋生态系统造成的破坏发出了新的警告，由于我们食用的海鲜，这些塑料最终会影响人类的健康。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：走在世界上任何一个海滩上，无论多么孤立，你都会看到某种塑料被冲到海岸线上，提醒人们当今世界鲁莽的一次性文化。分析句子结构可知offer与you will see plastic of some kind washed up on the shoreline构成主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。故填offering。 2．考查时态。句意：最近，一项研究对废弃塑料对海洋生态系统造成的破坏发出了新的警告，由于我们食用的海鲜，这些塑料最终会影响人类的健康。根据lately可知为现在完成时，主语为study，助动词用has。故填has sounded。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：2023年3月8日，在同行评议的研究期刊《公共科学图书馆·综合》上发表的一篇题为《不断增长的塑料烟雾》的论文中，研究人员呼吁世界各国政府采取全面行动，解决世界海洋“前所未有的塑料污染”。分析句子结构可知title与paper构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故填titled。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：2023年3月8日，在同行评议的研究期刊《公共科学图书馆·综合》上发表的一篇题为《不断增长的塑料烟雾》的论文中，研究人员呼吁世界各国政府采取全面行动，解决世界海洋“前所未有的塑料污染”。表示“呼吁……”短语为call on sb. to do sth.。故填to take。 5．考查宾语从句。句意：没有人确切知道对海洋生物和人类的长期损害是什么，但这项研究将大部分责任归咎于塑料工业未能回收或设计可回收性。引导宾语从句，从句缺少表语，表示是什么，应用what。故填what。 6．考查状语从句。句意：“一旦/如果/当被食用时，微塑料会严重损害动物的内部组织”。此处可理解为引导条件状语从句，表示“一旦”或“如果”用once或if；或理解为时间状语从句，表示“当……时候”应用when。首字母大写。故填Once/ If/ When。 7．考查定语从句。句意：他说：“在全球范围内，我们已经到了不能再忽视正在感染海洋的塑料污染大流行的地步。”此处为定语从句修饰先行词situation，在从句中作地点状语，故用where引导。故填where。 8．考查同位语从句。句意：该研究的主要作者Marcus Eriksen在一份声明中表示，这些发现是一个“严重的警告，我们现在必须在全球范围内采取行动”。说明warning的内容，引导同位语从句，从句不缺少成分，句意完整，应用that。故填that。 9．考查固定短语。句意：埃里克森说:“我们发现，自千年以来，全球海洋中的微塑料呈指数级增长，这一趋势令人担忧，预计将达到170万亿个塑料颗粒。”他补充说，全球海洋中微塑料的指数级增长使得有必要“引入一个企业对其制造的产品的整个生命周期负责的时代”。表示“预计……”短语为be expected to，陈述客观事实用一般现在时，非限制性定语从句修饰trend，在从句中作主语，谓语用单数。故填is expected。 10．考查it用法。句意：埃里克森说:“我们发现，自千年以来，全球海洋中的微塑料呈指数级增长，这一趋势令人担忧，预计将达到170万亿个塑料颗粒。”他补充说，全球海洋中微塑料的指数级增长使得有必要“引入一个企业对其制造的产品的整个生命周期负责的时代”。此处为make it adj. to do sth.，it作形式宾语，故填it。 试卷第30页，共31页 试卷第31页，共31页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $