Unit 3 Diverse Cultures Discovering Useful Structures 课件-2025-2026学年高中英语人教版（2019）必修第三册

Unit 3 Diverse Cultures 新人教版必修第三册 Discovering Useful Structures By the end of this unit, you will be able to: 1. Understand the concept of ellipsis and master its basic usage in English sentences. 2. Grasp the rules of ellipsis in simple, compound and complex sentences accurately. 3. Use ellipsis properly to make sentences concise and coherent in practice. Learning objectives: Video Best Cultural Diversity Slogans 口号 What grammatical phenomenon is it? Ⅰ Ellipsis What is Ellipsis? Why should we use Ellipsis? 英语语法中的“省略”（Ellipsis）是一种为了避免重复、突出重点，并使上下文连接更紧密的修辞手段。其核心特点是，虽然省去了句子语法构造上可能需要的成分，但句子的完整意义依然清晰。 Read the dialogues and perceive the use of ellipsis in English. Alex: Hey Ben, are you still up for the hiking trip this Saturday? Ben: Absolutely. I've been looking forward to it all week. Alex: Great. I was thinking we could meet at the trailhead at 7 a.m. Ben: (It) Sounds good. Should I bring anything besides water and snacks? Alex: Well, if (it is) possible, bring a first-aid kit. And (you) don't forget your camera. Ben: (I) Will do. I'll pack it tonight. Alex: Perfect. (I will) See you then. Ben: See you. Rewrite the sentences by taking out the unnecessary parts. Just (wait) a moment, please. His brother isn't lazy, nor is his sister (lazy). He likes playing basketball, but (he) hates dancing. I asked him to see the film, but he didn't want to (see the film). 简单句 简单句 并列句 复合句 Rewrite the sentences by taking out the unnecessary parts. 5. (I) Hope to see you again. 6. —Are you ready? —Yes, I am (ready). 7. John likes music and (John) plays the piano well. 8. The man (whom/that) I saw yesterday was very kind. 简单句 简单句 并列句 复合句 Rewrite the sentences by taking out the unnecessary parts. Just (wait) a moment, please. His brother isn't lazy, nor is his sister (lazy). He likes playing basketball, but (he) hates dancing. I asked him to see the film, but he didn't want to (see the film). Rewrite the sentences by taking out the unnecessary parts. 5. (I) Hope to see you again. 6. —Are you ready? —Yes, I am (ready). 7. John likes music and (John) plays the piano well. 8. The man (whom/that) I saw yesterday was very kind. 省略主语 一般情况下,主语是不能省略的,但在祈使句和其他不容易引起歧义的情况下,特别是在口语中,主语常常省略,主要是祈使句中的you和疑问句中的主语。 (1)祈使句通常省略主语 you (You) Open the door, please. 请开门。 ⏳ ✂️ 简单句中的省略 (2)一些习惯用法中也会省略主语。 (I) Thank you. 谢谢你。 (It) Doesn't matter. 没关系。 2. 省略谓语或谓语的一部分 当上下文清楚时，可以省略谓语动词。 Who wants some? (wants some) 谁想要一些？ ⏳ ✂️ 简单句中的省略 3.省略主语和谓语(或谓语的一部分) 在某些具体的场合下，主语和谓语都很明确，此时为了简化或显得亲切等，可将主语和谓语(或谓语的一部分)同时省略，只剩下表语、宾语、状语或其他成分。 —Are you feeling better? 感觉好点了吗？ —(I am feeling) Much better. 好多了。 (Have you)Got any ink?(省略了主语和谓语的一部分) 你有墨水吗? 4.省略宾语 当前后两个句子的宾语一致时，或宾语在上下文中已经明确时，后句宾语可以省略。 ⏳ ✂️ 简单句中的省略 —Do you know the man? 你认识那个人吗？ —Yes, I know (the man). 是的，我认识。 将下列句子改为省略句 (1)You have a seat, please! Have a seat, please! (2) What a clever boy he is! What a clever boy ! 3)I am looking forward to your early reply. Looking forward to your early reply. [即时演练] 在由 and, but 等连接的并列句中，后一个分句通常会省略与前一个分句相同的部分。 1.省略共同的主语或宾语 🔗 并列句中的省略 Tom picked up a comic on the floor and (Tom)handed it to his teacher. 汤姆在地板上捡起了一本连环画杂志并把它交给了他的老师。 2.若主语不同，而谓语部分的系动词、助动词或情态动词相同，则省略后面的系动词、助动词或情态动词。 🔗 并列句中的省略 Jack must have been playing football and Mary (must have been) doing her homework. 杰克肯定一直在踢足球，玛丽肯定一直在做家庭作业。 3.若主语和谓语动词都相同，则省略后面的主谓成分 🔗 并列句中的省略 His view made me happy, but (his view made) Jim angry. 他的观点使我高兴，却使吉姆生气。 4.若主语不同，但主要动词及后续部分相同，则省略主要动词及后续部分 He has a knowledge of china but his friend doesn't (have a knowledge of china). 他具备瓷器的知识，但他的朋友不具备。 写出下列句中可以省略的部分 (1)Some of us study Japanese, and others study English. (2) He gave up drinking several months ago, but he later returned to his old ways. (3) My friend Mary didn't come to school, but I wonder why she didn't come to school. [即时演练] 1.状语从句的省略 （1）在 when, while, if, as if, though, although, as, until, once, whether, unless, whenever 等引导的状语从句（时间、条件、让步等）中，当从句主语和主句主语一致，或从句主语是 it，且从句谓语包含 be 动词时，可以省略从句的主语和 be 动词。 🧩 复合句中的省略 While (I was) reading the book, I fell asleep. 看书时我睡着了。 If (it is) necessary, we'll have a meeting. 如果有必要，我们就开会。 【温馨提示】省略句中的谓语动词和主语之间构成主动关系，则使用动词-ing形式;若构成被动关系，则使用动词-ed形式;若谓语动词表示的动作尚未发生，则使用动词不定式。 While/When (they are) travelling, people may learn something about different cultures. 旅行的时候，人们可能会学到一些关于不同文化的知识。 When (it is) heated, ice can be turned into water. 加热的时候，冰可以变成水。 (2)在than，as等引导的比较状语从句中常省略某些成分，可以将从句中相同的谓语动词或短语省略掉。) 🧩 复合句中的省略 They don't use more water than (it is) necessary 他们使用的水没有超出所需量。 He runs as fast as Bob (runs). 他和鲍勃跑得一样快。 【温馨提示】并非所有的状语从句都可以省略主语和be动词，由after，before，because等词引导的状语从句一般要改写成介词短语、非谓语动词等。 Because he wa ill, he didn‘t attend the meeting. -Because of being ill, he didn’t attend the meeting.(正) -Being ill, he didn't attend the meeting. (正) -Because ill, he didn‘t attend the meeting. (误) 2.定语从句中的省略 （1）在限制性定语从句中，当关系代词（that, which, whom）在从句中作宾语时，通常可以省略（但which，whom跟在介词后不能省略）。 🧩 复合句中的省略 The man (whom) you saw yesterday fell ill.你昨天见到的那个人生病了。 The firm in which Dick worked has gone bankrupt. The exact year Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008. 🧩 复合句中的省略 (2)way意为“方式、方法”并在定语从句中作方式状语时,关系词that/in which可以省略。 The way (that/in which) he speaks to us is really annoying. 他对我们讲话的方式真是让人讨厌。 3.宾语从句中的省略 (1)及物动词后接宾语从句时，连接词that一般可以省略;但如果及物动词接两个或两个以上that引导的宾语从句，那么只有第一个that可以省略。 🧩 复合句中的省略 I truly believe that beauty comes from within. They said (that) the meeting was very important and that we mustn't be late. 他们说这场会议非常重要，我们绝不能迟到。 🧩 复合句中的省略 (2)when，where，how和why引导的宾语从句有时可以仅保留引导词 I know that he will come to our city but Idon't know when (he will come to our city).我知道他将要来我们城市，但我不知道他什么时候来。 I know (that) a movie star will come to our city but I don’t know when ( he will come to our city. ) 写出下列句中可以省略的部分 (1)I believe that she will help you and that you will succeed. (2)Is this the reason that he explained at the meeting for his carelessness in his work? (3) Whenever it is possible, he will come to my help. (4)Although he was hard-working, he couldn’t earn enough to support himself. -- he couldn't earn enough to support himself. (5) Don't spend more money than it is necessary. --Don't spend more money [即时演练] Although hard-working than necessary 1.动词不定式的省略 (1)当动词不定式在形容词afraid，anxious，eager,glad,happy,ready,willing 等后面作状语时，不定式符号to后的内容常常省略。 📝 其他常见省略情况 You can't force him to read the poetry if he’s not ready to (read the poetry). 如果他没有准备好，你不能强迫他阅读这首诗。 📝 其他常见省略情况 (2)某些使役动词(make，let，have等)和感官动词(see, watch, notice, observe, hear 等)后面作宾语补足语的动词不定式应省略不定式符号to，但若这些动词用于被动语态，则不定式符号to不能省略 We often hear her sing an English song in the classroom. -She is often heard to sing an English song in the classroom.(被动语态) 我们经常听见她在教室里唱英文歌。 1.动词不定式的省略 (3)并列的两个动词不定式可以省略后面的不定式符号to。但若两个动词不定式之间表示对比关系时，不能省略不定式符号to。 📝 其他常见省略情况 Her job is to answer phones and (to) file documents. 她的工作是接电话和整理文件。 To be or not to be, that is the question. 生存还是毁灭，这是一个问题 1.动词不定式的省略 (4)当动词不定式在某些动词后作宾语时，常常可以省略不定式符号to后面的内容。常见的动词有agree, afford, expect, forget, hope, know, manage,pretend, remember, refuse, want, wish, would like等 📝 其他常见省略情况 You can go with us if you want to (go with us).如果你想去，你可以和我们一起去。 1.动词不定式的省略 (5)介词but(除了),except(除了)前有实义动词do的某种形式时，后面的动词不定式省略不定式符号to。 📝 其他常见省略情况 She will do anything but play chess. 除了下棋，她什么都愿意做。 I did nothing but watch TV all day. 我一整天除了看电视什么也没做。 I had no choice but to cry. (我别无选择，只能哭。) 有do无to 无do有to 📝 其他常见省略情况 (6)当动词不定式作某些复合谓语时，如be going to, be able to, have to, ought to, used to等，可省略不定式符号to后面的内容。 They didn't visit their parents as much as they ought to (visit their parents) 他们应该多看望父母，但他们没有。 不定式符号to后面的内容若含有作助动词用的have或be的任何形式时，要保留原型的have或be He didn't come, but he ought to have (come). 他没来，但他应该来。 Are you a physician? 你是一名内科医生吗? -No, but I used to be (a physician) 不是，但我过去是 2.使用so，not等时的省略在英语中，可以用so，not或其他方式来省略上文或问句中的一部分或整个句子。 📝 其他常见省略情况 Can you finish your work today? 你今天能完成工作吗? -I think so. /I don't think so./I think not. 我认为能。/我认为不能。 【温馨提示】hope,guess,be afraid 的否定形式只能用not的形式，不能用not ....so的形式。 -They are not doing a good job at all, are they? 他们做的工作一点儿也不好，是吗? -I guess not. -我猜是没做好。 3.介词的省略 一些与动词、名词或形容词搭配的介词常常可以省略，而保留介词后的动词-ing形式。常见的结构有: 📝 其他常见省略情况 (1)have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth (2)be busy (in) doing sth (3)spend some time (in) doing sth (4)stop/prevent sb (from) doing sth (5)There is no sense/point (in) doing sth The heavy rain prevented him (from) arriving there on time. 大雨使得他没能按时到达那里。 Ellipsis in subjunctive mood Compare and find 1. They insisted that we (should) finish the work beforehand. 2. It is necessary that we (should) learn more English words by heart. 3. Had he known, he would have come. 4. Were I you, I would accept the offer. 5. Should there be a letter for me, please keep it in the drawer. 在一坚持 (insist)，二命令 (order, command)，三建议 (suggest, propose, advise)，四要求 (demand, require, request, desire) 等后的宾语从句中，含这些词的派生词的其他主语从句、同位语从句、表语从句，以及 It is strange / natural / necessary / important that ... 从句中常省略 __________。 在含有 were, had, should 的 if 引导的虚拟条件句中，可以省略 if，并将这些词提到句首，形成倒装。 should 补全下列句中的省略词 (1)The girl wanted to play in the street, but her mother told her not . (2)The skin can stop your body losing too much water. (3)I can't imagine what great difficulty he had climbing the mountain. [即时演练] from in to Let’s practice 1. When _______ (ask) about his future plans, he remained silent. 2. While _______ (walk) in the park, I met an old friend. 3. The experiment, if _______ (carry) out successfully, will prove the theory. 4. Though _______ (surprise) at the news, she managed to keep calm. 5. He opened his mouth as if _______ (say) something, but then closed it again. asked walking carried saying surprised Let’s practice 6. You can brush your teeth as if _______ (guide) by a dentist. 7. Unless _______ (invite), I won't attend the party. 8. While _______ (explore) the forest, they discovered a hidden waterfall. 9. Even if _______ (invite), I won't go to that place. 10. When _______ (combine) with water, the powder turns into a paste. guided invited exploring invited combined Let’s practice 11. Some people like coffee, while others _______ (like) tea. 12. He didn't come to the meeting, but he ought _______ (come). 13. — Will you join us for dinner? — I'd love _______ (join), but I have another appointment. 14. She is taller than _______ (be) last year. 15. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _______ (not do). like to come to she was not to Let’s practice 16. — Is he going to study abroad? — I believe _______ (that he is going to study abroad). 17. The book _______ (that) you lent me is very interesting. 18. If _______ (possible), please send me the report by Friday. 19. He is very talented, though still quite _______ (be) young. 20. — Do you think it will rain tomorrow? — I hope _______ (that it will not rain tomorrow). so / possible / not 新人教必修三 Unit 3 Thank You ! Discovering Useful Structures $