Unit 5 Helping our parents （知识清单）-2025-2026学年译林版（三起）（2012）英语五年级下册

译林版英语五年级下册必背知识清单 🧹 Unit 5 Helping our parents 单元知识清单 1️⃣ 重点单词 英文 词性 中文 用法/说明 教材出处 parent n. 名词 父或母 👨👩 通常用复数 parents 表示“父母”。课文例句：Helping our parents（单元标题） 单元标题 clean v. 动词 擦；洗 🧽 表示“清洁”。课文例句：My father is cleaning the car. Story time car n. 名词 汽车 🚗 课文例句：My father is cleaning the car. Story time help v. 动词 帮助 🤝 课文例句：I am helping him. Story time cook v. 动词 烧；煮 🍳 表示“做饭”。课文例句：My mother is cooking breakfast. Story time breakfast n. 名词 早餐 🍳 课文例句：cooking breakfast Story time kitchen n. 名词 厨房 🏠 课文例句：in the kitchen Story time living room n. 名词 客厅 🛋️ 课文例句：Helen is in the living room. Story time sweep v. 动词 打扫 🧹 sweep the floor 表示“扫地”。课文例句：She is sweeping the floor. Story time floor n. 名词 地板 🧹 课文例句：sweeping the floor Story time bedroom n. 名词 卧室 🛏️ 课文例句：Tim is in his bedroom. Story time sleep v. 动词 睡觉 😴 课文例句：He is sleeping. Story time afternoon n. 名词 下午 🌤️ 课文例句：In the afternoon. Story time cousin n. 名词 表兄弟；表姐妹 👨‍👩‍👧‍👦 堂/表兄弟姐妹。课文例句：my cousin Jim Story time busy adj. 形容词 忙的；忙碌的 🏃 课文例句：My mother is busy. Story time dinner n. 名词 晚餐 🍽️ 课文例句：She is cooking dinner. Story time wash v. 动词 洗 🧼 课文例句：Helen is washing the dishes. Story time dish n. 名词 盘子；菜肴 🍽️ wash the dishes 表示“洗碗”。课文例句：washing the dishes Story time table n. 名词 桌子 🪑 clean the table 表示“擦桌子”。课文例句：I am cleaning the table. Story time fruit n. 名词 水果 🍎 课文例句：They are eating fruit. Story time watch v. 动词 观看 📺 watch TV 表示“看电视”。课文例句：We're watching TV too! Story time TV n. 名词 电视 📺 课文例句：watching TV Story time garden n. 名词 花园；果园 🌻 课文例句：Bobby grows grapes in his garden. Cartoon time grape n. 名词 葡萄 🍇 课文例句：My grapes are big and sweet. Cartoon time sweet adj. 形容词 甜的 🍬 课文例句：big and sweet Cartoon time pest n. 名词 害虫 🐛 课文例句：There are some pests on the grapes. Cartoon time ladybird n. 名词 瓢虫 🐞 课文例句：Then, some ladybirds come. Cartoon time go away v. 动词短语 走了；离开 🚶 课文例句：The pests go away. Cartoon time 2️⃣ 核心短语、固定词组 英文 中文 用法/说明 教材出处 help one's parents 帮助父母 🤝 课文例句：Helping our parents 单元标题 clean the car 擦车 🧽 课文例句：My father is cleaning the car. Story time cook breakfast 做早餐 🍳 课文例句：My mother is cooking breakfast. Story time in the kitchen 在厨房 🏠 课文例句：in the kitchen Story time in the living room 在客厅 🛋️ 课文例句：in the living room Story time sweep the floor 扫地 🧹 课文例句：She is sweeping the floor. Story time in the bedroom 在卧室 🛏️ 课文例句：in the bedroom Story time wash the dishes 洗碗 🧼 课文例句：Helen is washing the dishes. Story time clean the table 擦桌子 🪑 课文例句：I am cleaning the table. Story time eat fruit 吃水果 🍎 课文例句：They are eating fruit. Story time watch TV 看电视 📺 课文例句：We're watching TV too! Story time in the morning 在早上 🌅 课文例句：It is Saturday morning. Story time in the afternoon 在下午 🌤️ 课文例句：In the afternoon. Story time make the bed 整理床铺 🛏️ 课文例句：make the bed（图片短语） Story time wash clothes 洗衣服 👕 课文例句：wash clothes（图片短语） Story time grow grapes 种葡萄 🍇 课文例句：Bobby grows grapes in his garden. Cartoon time on the grapes 在葡萄上 🍇 课文例句：There are some pests on the grapes. Cartoon time go away 走开；离开 🚶 课文例句：The pests go away. Cartoon time drive away 赶走 🚫 课文例句：Sam's ladybirds drive the bad ladybirds and the pests away. Cartoon time 3️⃣ 重点句型、日常交际对话 英文 中文 用法/说明 教材出处 It is Saturday morning. 现在是星期六早上。 🗓️ 介绍故事发生的时间。课文例句：It is Saturday morning. Story time My father is cleaning the car. 我爸爸正在擦车。 🧽 现在进行时，描述正在发生的动作。结构：主语 + be + 动词-ing。 Story time I am helping him. 我正在帮他。 🤝 课文例句：I am helping him. Story time My mother is cooking breakfast. 我妈妈正在做早餐。 🍳 课文例句：My mother is cooking breakfast. Story time She is sweeping the floor. 她正在扫地。 🧹 课文例句：She is sweeping the floor. Story time What is he doing now? 他现在在做什么？ ❓ 询问某人正在做什么。结构：What + be + 主语 + doing? Story time He is sleeping. 他正在睡觉。 😴 课文例句：He is sleeping. Story time What are we doing now? 我们现在在做什么？ ❓ 课文例句：What are we doing now? Story time She is cooking dinner. 她正在做晚饭。 🍽️ 课文例句：She is cooking dinner. Story time Helen and I are helping her. 海伦和我正在帮她。 🤝 课文例句：Helen and I are helping her. Story time What are Tim and Jim doing? 蒂姆和吉姆在做什么？ ❓ 课文例句：What are Tim and Jim doing? Story time They are eating fruit. 他们正在吃水果。 🍎 课文例句：They are eating fruit. Story time We're watching TV too! 我们也在看电视！ 📺 课文例句：We're watching TV too! Story time What's he/she doing? 他/她在做什么？ ❓ 询问第三人称正在做什么。课文例句：What's he/she doing? Fun time What are they doing? 他们在做什么？ ❓ 询问复数主语正在做什么。课文例句：What are they doing? Fun time He's/She's/They're… 他/她/他们在… 💡 回答现在进行时的问句。 Fun time What are you doing here? 你们在这里做什么？ ❓ 课文例句：What are you doing here? Cartoon time We're eating your grapes. 我们在吃你的葡萄。 🍇 课文例句：We're eating your grapes. Cartoon time They're so sweet! 它们太甜了！ 🍬 课文例句：They're so sweet! Cartoon time 4️⃣ 课文必背句子 英文 中文 教材出处 It is Saturday morning. 现在是星期六早上。 Story time My father is cleaning the car. I am helping him. 我爸爸正在擦车。我正在帮他。 Story time My mother is cooking breakfast in the kitchen. 我妈妈正在厨房做早餐。 Story time Helen is in the living room. She is sweeping the floor. 海伦在客厅。她正在扫地。 Story time Tim is in his bedroom. He is sleeping. 蒂姆在他的卧室。他正在睡觉。 Story time In the afternoon, my cousin Jim comes. 下午，我表弟吉姆来了。 Story time My mother is busy. She is cooking dinner. 我妈妈很忙。她正在做晚饭。 Story time Helen and I are helping her. 海伦和我正在帮她。 Story time Helen is washing the dishes. I am cleaning the table. 海伦正在洗碗。我正在擦桌子。 Story time What are Tim and Jim doing? They are eating fruit in the living room. 蒂姆和吉姆在做什么？他们正在客厅吃水果。 Story time We're watching TV too! 我们也在看电视！ Story time Bobby grows grapes in his garden. 博比在他的花园里种葡萄。 Cartoon time My grapes are big and sweet. 我的葡萄又大又甜。 Cartoon time There are some pests on the grapes. 葡萄上有一些害虫。 Cartoon time What are you doing here? We're eating your grapes. 你们在这里做什么？我们在吃你的葡萄。 Cartoon time Then, some ladybirds come. 然后，一些瓢虫来了。 Cartoon time The pests go away, but the ladybirds do not. 害虫走了，但是瓢虫没有走。 Cartoon time What are you doing? 你在做什么？ Cartoon time 5️⃣ 基础语法点 📖 按教材内容顺序，从上往下依次罗列本单元所有语法知识点 ✅ 1. 现在进行时（Present Continuous Tense） 现在进行时表示现在正在进行的动作或存在的状态。 结构： 句式 结构 例句 肯定句 主语 + be (am/is/are) + 动词-ing I am helping. / He is sleeping. / They are eating. 否定句 主语 + be + not + 动词-ing I am not helping. / He isn't sleeping. 疑问句 Be + 主语 + 动词-ing? Are you helping? / Is he sleeping? 不同主语的 be 动词： 主语 be 动词 例句 出处 I am I am helping him. Story time he/she/it is He is sleeping. Story time we/you/they are They are eating fruit. Story time 📚 出处：Story time、Grammar ✅ 2. 现在进行时的疑问句 询问某人正在做什么： 结构 例句 说明 出处 What + be + 主语 + doing? What is he doing? 询问他正在做什么 Story time What + be + 主语 + doing? What are they doing? 询问他们正在做什么 Story time What + be + 主语 + doing? What are you doing here? 询问你在这里做什么 Cartoon time 📚 出处：Story time、Cartoon time、Fun time ✅ 3. 现在分词的构成规则（动词-ing） 规则 例词 动词-ing 说明 出处 一般情况直接加 -ing clean cleaning 大多数动词 Story time 一般情况直接加 -ing cook cooking Story time 一般情况直接加 -ing help helping Story time 一般情况直接加 -ing wash washing Story time 一般情况直接加 -ing watch watching Story time 一般情况直接加 -ing eat eating Story time 一般情况直接加 -ing sleep sleeping Story time 一般情况直接加 -ing grow growing Cartoon time 以不发音 e 结尾，去 e 加 -ing make making make → making Learning tips 以不发音 e 结尾，去 e 加 -ing take taking take → taking Learning tips 以不发音 e 结尾，去 e 加 -ing dance dancing dance → dancing Learning tips 重读闭音节结尾，双写末尾辅音加 -ing run running run → running Learning tips 重读闭音节结尾，双写末尾辅音加 -ing swim swimming swim → swimming Learning tips ⚠️ 注意： • 本单元出现的动词都是直接加 -ing 的规则变化 • 特殊变化在 Learning tips 中提示，需要特别记忆 📚 出处：Story time、Grammar、Learning tips ✅ 4. 人称代词宾格（复习） 主格 宾格 中文 例句 出处 I me 我 I am helping him. Story time he him 他 I am helping him. Story time she her 她 Helen and I are helping her. Story time they them 他们 Bobby is happy to help them. Cartoon time ⚠️ 注意：动词或介词后用人称代词宾格。 📚 出处：Story time、Cartoon time ✅ 5. There be 句型（复习） There is/are 表示“有”，描述某地存在某物。 结构 例句 说明 出处 There are + 复数名词 There are some pests on the grapes. 存在复数事物 Cartoon time 📚 出处：Cartoon time ✅ 6. 情态动词 can 的用法（复习） can 表示“能、可以”，后接动词原形。 结构 例句 说明 出处 肯定句 They can help you. 表示能力 Cartoon time 否定句 They can't help me. 表示不能 Cartoon time 📚 出处：Cartoon time 6️⃣ 发音规则、易混音 🔈 “ing” 发音 /ɪŋ/ 单词 音标 中文 教材出处 bring /brɪŋ/ 带来 Sound time morning /ˈmɔːnɪŋ/ 早晨 Sound time sing /sɪŋ/ 唱歌 Sound time spring /sprɪŋ/ 春天 Sound time 📚 出处：Sound time 🎵 发音要点 /ɪŋ/ 发音方法： • 舌后部抬起，抵住软腭 • 气流从鼻腔通过 • 声带振动（浊辅音） • 注意：不要发成 /ɪn/ 或 /ɪŋg/ 🆚 易混音对比：/ɪŋ/ 与 /ɪn/ 对比 /ɪŋ/（浊辅音） /ɪn/（浊辅音） 区分方法 单词对比 sing（唱歌） sin（罪） /ɪŋ/ 是后鼻音，/ɪn/ 是前鼻音 单词对比 thing（东西） thin（瘦的） 发音时舌头位置不同 单词对比 morning（早晨） mornin（无意义） /ɪŋ/ 舌头抵住软腭，/ɪn/ 舌头抵住上齿龈 ⚠️ 注意： • -ing 发 /ɪŋ/，是后鼻音 • -in 发 /ɪn/，是前鼻音 • 区分时要感受舌头的位置 📚 出处：Sound time 7️⃣ 拼写易错单词、易混句型 📝 拼写易错单词 单词 易错点❌ 正确拼写✅ 记忆方法 教材出处 parent 易写成 perent p-a-r-e-n-t 👨👩 parent 有 a 和 e 单元标题 breakfast 易写成 breakfest b-r-e-a-k-f-a-s-t 🍳 break + fast Story time kitchen 易写成 kichen k-i-t-c-h-e-n 🏠 kitchen 有 t Story time sweep 易写成 swep s-w-e-e-p 🧹 sweep 有两个 e Story time floor 易写成 flor f-l-o-o-r 🧹 floor 有两个 o Story time bedroom 易写成 bed room b-e-d-r-o-o-m 🛏️ bedroom 是一个词 Story time afternoon 易写成 after noon a-f-t-e-r-n-o-o-n 🌤️ afternoon 是一个词 Story time cousin 易写成 cosin c-o-u-s-i-n 👨‍👩‍👧‍👦 cousin 有 ou Story time busy 易写成 bussy b-u-s-y 🏃 busy 只有一个 s Story time dishes 易写成 dishs d-i-s-h-e-s 🧼 dish 变复数加 -es Story time fruit 易写成 froot f-r-u-i-t 🍎 fruit 是 ui 不是 oo Story time garden 易写成 gorden g-a-r-d-e-n 🌻 garden 是 ar 不是 or Cartoon time grape 易写成 grap g-r-a-p-e 🍇 grape 以 e 结尾 Cartoon time sweet 易写成 swet s-w-e-e-t 🍬 sweet 有两个 e Cartoon time pest 易写成 past p-e-s-t 🐛 pest 只有四个字母,是 e 不是a Cartoon time ladybird 易写成 lady bird l-a-d-y-b-i-r-d 🐞 lady + bird Cartoon time 🆚 易混句型 易混句型 正确用法 区分方法 教材出处 What is he doing? 🆚 What does he do? ✅ What is he doing? ✅ What does he do? 现在进行时问“正在做什么”；一般现在时问“做什么工作/通常做什么”。 Story time I am helping him. 🆚 I help him. ✅ I am helping him.（正在帮） ✅ I help him.（经常帮） 现在进行时表示此刻正在做；一般现在时表示经常性动作。 Story time She is sweeping the floor. 🆚 She sweep the floor. ✅ She is sweeping. ❌ She sweep. 主语 she 是第三人称单数，一般现在时要加 -s；现在进行时要用 is。 Story time What are you doing? 🆚 What are you do? ✅ What are you doing? ❌ What are you do? 现在进行时疑问句中，be 动词后要用动词-ing 形式。 Cartoon time They are eating fruit. 🆚 They are eat fruit. ✅ They are eating fruit. ❌ They are eat fruit. 现在进行时中，be 动词后接动词-ing 形式。 Story time He is sleeping. 🆚 He sleeping. ✅ He is sleeping. ❌ He sleeping. 现在进行时不能缺少 be 动词。 Story time There are some pests. 🆚 There is some pests. ✅ There are some pests. ❌ There is some pests. pests 是复数，be 动词用 are。 Cartoon time grow grapes 🆚 grow grape ✅ grow grapes ❌ grow grape 种葡萄通常用复数 grapes。 Cartoon time 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $