精品解析：湖南株洲市第四中学2026年第一学期高二年级入学质量检测英语试题

株洲市第四中学2026年第一学期高二入学质量检测 英语 温馨提示：因本试卷不考听力部分，题号从21开始，时间100分钟，满分120分。 第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分） 第一节 阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Each fall, millions of butterflies across the U. S. and Canada fly up to 4, 000 km to central Mexico. Travelers can see the butterflies overwintering on the Western Monarch Trail, a 465-mile, road trip-friendly conservation initiative that links over a dozen stops along the route. Helping the butterflies Organizers created educational panels in English and Spanish explaining the butterflies’ annual traveling and their trouble. The signs also outline ways travelers can help the butterflies recover, such as by supporting chemical-free farms and planting native nectar (花蜜) gardens. Why butterflies fly to the California coast Many stops in Pismo State Beach Monarch Butterfly Grove and Andrew Molera State Park, are overwintering sites where, from October to February, travelers can see thousands of butterflies gathering in forests in areas with mild temperatures, dappled (斑驳的) sunlight, high dampness, and little to no wind. Other sites, like the San Luis Obispo Botanical Garden and Avila Valley Barn, growflowers that provide sugary, high-calorie food for the butterflies to eat. Butterflies settling here demonstrate how vital nectaring plants are to their survival. How to explore the Western Monarch Trail The butterflies’ behavior varies at different times of day and depending on the weather. In the mornings, while temperatures are still cool, step out of the cabin (木屋) in the Fernwood Resort where you stay overnight, you’ll find many butterflies hanging together on the branches and trunks of trees at the overwintering sites. As the day starts to heat up-typically by late morning or early afternoon — you’ll be amazed at the phenomenon “sunburst” — the butterflies start flying around in search of nearby nectar. Keep your eyes skyward. Don’t grab your camera. Just be in the moment. 1. What’s the Western Monarch Trail initiative aimed at? A. Providing a travel route. B. Encountering butterflies. C. Promoting organic farming. D. Advocating species conservation. 2. What do we know about Andrew Molera State Park? A. It holds many nectar gardens. B. It’s pleasant throughout winter. C. It has sufficient food for butterflies. D. It’s home to butterflies all year around. 3. What is guaranteed for the travelers along the Western Monarch Trail? A. Signs to guide the route. B. Cameras for recording videos. C. Ready shelters to stay overnight. D. Experience of watching “sunburst” at dawn. 【答案】1. D 2. B 3. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。每年秋天，数百万只蝴蝶从美国和加拿大飞到4000公里外的墨西哥中部。游客可以在Western Monarch Trail上看到蝴蝶越冬。文章对此进行了详细的介绍。 【1题详解】 推理判断题。由文章第一段中“Travelers can see the butterflies overwintering on the Western Monarch Trail, a 465-mile，road trip-friendly conservation initiative that links over a dozen stops along the route. (游客可以在Western Monarch Trail上看到蝴蝶越冬，这是一条465英里的公路旅行友好保护倡议，沿途有十几个站点。)”和Helping the butterflies部分中“The signs also outline ways travelers can help the butterflies recover, such as by supporting chemical-free farms and planting native nectar (花蜜) gardens. (这些标志还概述了旅行者可以帮助蝴蝶恢复的方法，例如支持无化学品农场和种植本地花蜜花园。)”可知，Western Monarch Trail计划的目标是倡导物种保护。故选D。 【2题详解】 推理判断题。由文章Why butterflies fly to the California coast部分中“Many stops in Pismo State Beach Monarch Butterfly Grove and Andrew Molera State Park, are overwintering sites where, from October to February, travelers can see thousands of butterflies gathering in forests in areas with mild temperatures, dappled (斑驳的) sunlight, high dampness, and little to no wind. (Pismo State Beach Monarch Butterfly Grove和Andrew Molera State Park的许多站点都是越冬的地方，从10月到2月，游客可以看到成千上万的蝴蝶聚集在温度温和、阳光斑驳、高度潮湿、几乎没有风的地区的森林里。)”可知，Andrew Molera State Park的整个冬天都很宜人。故选B。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。由文章最后一段中“In the mornings, while temperatures are still cool, step out of the cabin (木屋) in the Fernwood Resort where you stay overnight, you’ll find many butterflies hanging together on the branches and trunks of trees at the overwintering sites. (早晨，当气温还很凉爽的时候，走出你过夜的芬伍德度假村的小屋，你会发现许多蝴蝶在越冬地点的树枝和树干上挂在一起。)”可知，沿着Western Monarch Trail有为旅行者准备的过夜的居所。故选C。 B The greatest irony (讽刺) of the world-wide celebrations held in 2012 to honour the 200th anniversary (周年纪念) of the first edition of the Grimms’ Hausm rchen involves the discovery that most people really don’t know the original Grimms’ tales published in 1812. If we return to take a closer look at the first edition, we’ll find it was this edition that inspired scholars of folk culture throughout Europe to gather tales from the oral tradition and preserve them for future generations. When the Grimms Jacob and Wilhelm began collecting al kinds of folk tales and songs at the beginning of the 19th century, what attracted them to concentrate on old German literature was a belief that the most natural and pure forms of culture were to be located in the past, while modern literature, even though it might be remarkably rich, was artificial and thus could not express the genuine quality of folk culture that originated naturally from people’s experiences and bound the people together. Broadly speaking, the Grimms sought to collect and preserve ancient things consisting of tales, songs and documents. They intended to demonstrate how natural language, originating from the needs and customs of the common people, created genuine bonds and helped form civilized communities. Turning to the first edition a reader might notice that, totally unlike the final edition of 1857, the first edition collects more genuine folk tales, keeping spoken and raw contents, despite the fact that the language is not as pleasing as that in later revised versions. Forinstance, Snow White’s mother, not her stepmother, wants to kill the beautiful girl out of envy. The storytellers do not beat about the bush and they tell the truths they know, engaging peopleto learn from symbols how to engage their realities, even though magic, incredible transformation and cruelty are involved. Lastly, the Grimms’ little-known first edition reveals forgotten voices that are actually deep within us. Therefore, the irresistibility of the Grimms’ tales are that really not theirs, but ours. 4. According to the author, why should we rediscover the Grimms’ first edition? A. To explore its origin. B. To appreciate its significance. C To honour its 200th anniversary. D. To remember the Brothers Grimm. 5. What is paragraph 3 of the text mainly about? A. The quality of the folk culture. B. The contents of the first edition. C. The feature of the old German literature. D. The motivation of the Grimms collecting tales. 6. What can we learn about Snow White in the first edition? A. It is loosely based on the folk tale. B. It instructs readers to integrate into life. C. It is appealing for its beautiful language. D. It exposes envy and cruelty of the stepmother. 7. What can we infer about the Brothers Grimm from the text? A. They were collectors of antiques. B. They kept their style in later editions. C. They thought highly of modern literature. D. They were pioneers in preserving folk culture. 【答案】4. B 5. D 6. B 7. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。在2012年为纪念《格林童话》第一版出版200周年而举行的全球庆祝活动，最具讽刺意味的是，人们发现大多数人并不知道1812年出版的原著。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第二段“If we return to take a closer look at the first edition, we’ll find it was this edition that inspired scholars of folk culture throughout Europe to gather tales from the oral tradition and preserve them for future generations.（如果我们回过头来仔细看看第一版，我们会发现正是这个版本激励了整个欧洲的民间文化学者从口头传统中收集故事，并为后代保存下来。）”可知，《格林童话》第一版激励了整个欧洲的民间文化者从口头传统中收集故事，并为后代保存下来，意义非凡。可推断，重新发现《格林童话》的第一版是为了欣赏它的重要性。故选B。 【5题详解】 主旨大意题。根据文章第三段第一句“When the Grimms Jacob and Wilhelm began collecting al kinds of folk tales and songs at the beginning of the 19th century, what attracted them to concentrate on old German literature was a belief that the most natural and pure forms of culture were to be located in the past, while modern literature, even though it might be remarkably rich, was artificial and thus could not express the genuine quality of folk culture that originated naturally from people’s experiences and bound the people together.（当格林兄弟雅各布和威廉在19世纪初开始收集各种民间故事和歌曲时，吸引他们专注于德国古代文学的是一种信念，即最自然、最纯粹的文化形式应该位于过去，而现代文学，即使它可能非常丰富，是人为的，因此不能表达民间文化的真实品质，这种文化自然地起源于人们的经历，并将人们联系在一起。）”可知，该段主要讲述的是格林收集故事的动机。故选D。 【6题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第四段后两句“Forinstance, Snow White’s mother, not her stepmother, wants to kill the beautiful girl out of envy. The storytellers do not beat about the bush and they tell the truths they know, engaging peopleto learn from symbols how to engage their realities, even though magic, incredible transformation and cruelty are involved.（例如，白雪公主的母亲，而不是她的继母，出于嫉妒想要杀死这个美丽的女孩。讲故事的人不会拐弯抹角，他们讲的是他们知道的真相，让人们从象征中学习如何融入现实，尽管其中涉及到魔法、令人难以置信的转变和残酷。）”可知，在《格林童话》第一版中我们可以了解到关于白雪公主的故事是为了引导读者融入生活。故选B。 【7题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第二段“If we return to take a closer look at the first edition, we’ll find it was this edition that inspired scholars of folk culture throughout Europe to gather tales from the oral tradition and preserve them for future generations.（如果我们回过头来仔细看看第一版，我们会发现正是这个版本激励了整个欧洲的民间文化学者从口头传统中收集故事，并为后代保存下来。）”可知，《格林童话》第一版激励了整个欧洲的民间文化者从口头传统中收集故事，并为后代保存下来，意义非凡。可推断，格林兄弟是保护民间文化的先锋。故选D。 C A challenge of teaching mathematics rather than, say, history is that the homework is a lot harder to come up with. After all, “Was Henry VIII a good king?” is a reasonable question to ask either a classroom of nine-year-olds or a lecture theatre of postgraduates. But “Solve this quadratic equation (二次方程式)” would leave the classroom nonplussed and the lecture theatre unimpressed. Maths is learned by doing and designing a problem that is easy enough to be accessible, yet hard enough to be satisfying, is a big headache in itself. Partly for this reason, books that successfully communicate how mathematicians think, but are aimed at those not already in the field, are both valuable and rare. Now Sir David Spiegelhalter, professor of statistics at the University of Cambridge, has added to the category with The Art of Uncertainty. His new book will appeal to many more than just mathematicians, for its topic is universal: how to analyse chance, uncertainty and risk. If a new virus is running wild and the majority of deaths are among those who have received a newer vaccine (疫苗), is that evidence that the vaccination program is harmful? How much of top football teams’ performance comes down to luck rather than skill? Professor Spiegelhalter’s exploration of such questions is delightful. First, he uses them to illustrate broader ideas about how probability and statistics work. So a discussion of vaccine safety proceeds to Bayes’s theorem, a procedure for improving one’s judgment of probabilities as new evidence comes to light. The joy of Professor Spiegelhalter’s approach is that he reaches this deep truth through nothing more than some intuitive (直觉的) assumptions and very simple maths. Most important, though, is Professor Spiegelhalter’s skill at communicating these ideas. Much of probability and statistics can go against our intuition, and the maths behind it is often fearsome. But this is not a difficult book to read or understand. 8. What does the underlined word “nonplussed” in paragraph 1 probably mean? A. Impressed. B. Inspired. C. Confused. D. Amused. 9. What is the biggest selling point of The Art of Uncertainty according to the author? A. It casts light on math thoughts. B. It covers various topics. C. It makes sense to ordinary people. D. It satisfies maths professionals. 10. Why does the author mention Bayes’s theorem in paragraph 3? A. To prove the reliability of intuition. B. To reveal the book’s academic nature. C. To underline the deep truth of judgement. D. To demonstrate Spiegelhalter’s writing approach. 11. What is the text mainly about? A. A master of math teaching. B. A book on intuitive assumptions. C. A discussion of risk management. D. A guide to understanding probability. 【答案】8. C 9. C 10. D 11. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了一本名为《不确定性的艺术》的新书，该书通过直观假设和简单数学阐述了深刻真理，且文字通俗易懂，适合广大读者阅读。 【8题详解】 词义猜测题。根据第一段中的“But ‘Solve this quadratic equation (二次方程式)’ would leave the classroom nonplussed and the lecture theatre unimpressed.(但是“解这个二次方程”会让教室里的学生感到……，让讲堂里的听众不感兴趣)”可知，and后并列的信息为“讲堂里的听众不感兴趣”，因此划线词信息应该与其保持一致，即对于让学生“解这个二次方程”的反应应该是感到困惑不解。因此，划线词意为“困惑的，不知所措的”与C选项“Confused.(感到困惑的)”为同义词。故选C项。 【9题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“His new book will appeal to many more than just mathematicians, for its topic is universal: how to analyse chance, uncertainty and risk.(他的新书将吸引更多的人，而不仅仅是数学家，因为它的主题是普遍的：如何分析机会，不确定性和风险。)”可知，因为该书主题的普遍性，他的新书不仅仅会吸引数学家，还会吸引更多人。由此可知，《不确定性的艺术》这本书最大的卖点是它对普通人来说很有意义。故选C项。 【10题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“First, he uses them to illustrate broader ideas about how probability and statistics work. So a discussion of vaccine safety proceeds to Bayes’s theorem, a procedure for improving one’s judgment of probabilities as new evidence comes to light. (首先，斯皮格尔哈尔特教授用这些问题来阐述关于概率和统计如何工作的更广泛的思想。因此，关于疫苗安全性的讨论就涉及到了贝叶斯定理，这是一个随着新证据的出现而改进人们对概率判断的程序。)”以及“The joy of Professor Spiegelhalter’s approach is that he reaches this deep truth through nothing more than some intuitive (直觉的) assumptions and very simple maths.( 斯皮格尔哈尔特教授的方法的乐趣在于，他只是通过一些直觉假设和非常简单的数学就得出了这个深刻的真理。)”可知，作者在第三段中提到贝叶斯定理是为了证明斯皮格尔哈尔特的写作方法，即通过简单的直觉假设和数学得出深刻的真理。故选D项。 【11题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第二段中的“Now Sir David Spiegelhalter, professor of statistics at the University of Cambridge, has added to the category with The Art of Uncertainty. His new book will appeal to many more than just mathematicians, for its topic is universal: how to analyse chance, uncertainty and risk.( 现在，剑桥大学统计学教授大卫•斯皮格尔哈尔特(David Spiegelhalter)用《不确定性的艺术》(The Art of Uncertainty)一书为这个类别增添了新的内容。他的新书将吸引更多非数学家的人群，因为它的主题是普遍的：如何分析机会、不确定性和风险。)”可知，本文主要介绍了大卫•斯皮格尔哈尔特教授的新书《不确定性的艺术》，这本书的主题是关于如何分析机会、不确定性和风险的，即本文主要讲的是一本关于理解概率的指南。D选项“A guide to understanding probability.(理解概率的指南。)”符合文章主旨。故选D项。 D A corn plant knows how to find water in soil with the very tips of its roots, but some varieties, including many used for developing high-output corn in the U.S., appear to have lost part of that ability, according to a Stanford-led study. With climate change increasing droughts, the findings hold potential for developing more drought-resistant varieties of corn. The study, published in the journal Science, uncovers genetic mechanisms (遗传机制) behind “hydropatterning”, or how plant roots branch toward water and avoid dry spaces in soil. In particular, the researchers discovered that ethylene, a plant hormone (激素) known to help bananas ripen, also influences how roots grow to seek water. For this study, the researchers developed a new, simplified way to study water sensitivity in roots. They found corn varieties adapted to hot and wet regions like Mexico were very good at making new root branches toward water and avoiding dry areas. In contrast, the varieties adapted to moderate regions of North America frequently grew roots randomly without distinguishing between dry and wet areas in the soil. “Interestingly, the plants that are better at sensing where the water is are also making deeper root systems,” said lead author Johannes Scharwies. “One idea is that if the plant doesn’t waste time growing root branches into places where it doesn’t find any water and nutrients, then it has more energy to grow deeper down where water is more likely.” Genetic analyses reveal two plant hormones, auxin and ethylene, play a role in how corn roots respond to water. While auxin was already known to help control this process, ethylene’s involvement was a new discovery. In experiments with thale cress — a model plant often used in research — the researchers found auxin signaling promotes root branch development toward water, while ethylene stops branching when the root is exposed to air. Further research is needed to better understand the interaction of these genetic pathways before corn varieties can be developed with more drought-resistant root systems, but the findings highlight the significance of studying these localized responses at root tips, researchers said. 12. What is the primary focus of the Stanford-led study? A. Drought-resistant corn varieties. B. Ethylene’s effect on fruit ripening. C. Genetic regulation of root branching. D. Impact of climate change on plant roots. 13. What can be inferred from Johannes Scharwies’ remarks? A Plant hormones make a big difference to root growth. B. Nutrients guarantee better water-seeking root systems. C. Root branching conserves energy for higher production. D. Stronger hydropatterning was linked to greater root depth. 14. What does paragraph 5 mainly talk about? A. Model plants in research. B. Hormones’ role in root growth. C. Genetic analysis methods. D. Findings of previous research. 15. What does the last paragraph suggest future research do? A. Prioritize development of new corn varieties. B. Work out the mechanisms of genetic interactions. C. Concentrate merely on localized root responses. D. Expand practical applications of hydropatterning. 【答案】12. C 13. D 14. B 15. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是斯坦福大学领导的一项研究揭示了玉米根系如何感知土壤水分并生长分支的遗传机制。 【12题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“The study, published in the journal Science, uncovers genetic mechanisms behind “hydropatterning”, or how plant roots branch toward water and avoid dry spaces in soil.(这项发表在《科学》杂志上的研究揭示了“水模式”背后的遗传机制，即植物的根是如何向水分支并避开土壤中的干燥空间的。)”可知，斯坦福大学领导的这项研究的主要焦点是根分枝的遗传调控。故选C。 【13题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段““Interestingly, the plants that are better at sensing where the water is are also making deeper root systems,” said lead author Johannes Scharwies.(“有趣的是，更善于感知水源的植物根系也更深，”首席作者Johannes Scharwies说。)”可知，从Johannes Scharwies的话中可以推断出更强的水模式与更大的根深有关。故选D。 【14题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第五段“Genetic analyses reveal two plant hormones, auxin and ethylene, play a role in how corn roots respond to water. While auxin was already known to help control this process, ethylene’s involvement was a new discovery.(遗传分析揭示了两种植物激素，生长素和乙烯，在玉米根系对水的反应中起作用。虽然已知生长素有助于控制这一过程，但乙烯的参与是一个新发现。)”可知，第五段主要讲的是激素在根生长中的作用。故选B。 【15题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段“Further research is needed to better understand the interaction of these genetic pathways before corn varieties can be developed with more drought-resistant root systems, but the findings highlight the significance of studying these localized responses at root tips, researchers said.(研究人员说，在培育出具有更抗旱根系的玉米品种之前，需要进一步的研究来更好地了解这些遗传途径的相互作用，但是这些发现强调了研究根尖上这些局部反应的重要性。)”可知，最后一段建议未来的研究找出基因相互作用的机制。故选B。 第二节 七选五阅读（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 I hated writing growing up. But I couldn’t avoid it: learning English was a must in high school. For hours, I stared at blank pages, trying to turn my disorganized thoughts into fluent sentences. I tried my best but my teachers would return my papers littered with red. I was upset to no end. ____16____. And that was OK. I didn’t have to do well in everything. ____17____. I liked it because objective truth could be found if I searched properly. In college, I joined a research lab to enhance conductor efficiency, and after a year of hard work, we developed a design that halved energy losses. However, the joy was short-lived as I had to write a research paper about our findings. I knew that if I wanted to become an academic, I would need to spend time writing papers. But with my awful track record with writing, I was scared of failing. In a panic, I asked a graduate student in my lab for help. We defined a goal for the paper, and I carefully wrote an outline. But when I asked him for feedback, I soon found the paper covered in red marks. ____18____. Before I could give up in defeat, though, the graduate student explained those red marks didn’t mean I was a bad writer. ____19____. It requires revising your work, often several times. I kept improving the outline of my paper, eventually turning it into sentences and paragraphs. My initial draft wasn’t perfect. I had buried a few key takeaways, and the introduction was missing important context. But with help, I finally made it. From then on, writing became one of my favorite parts of research. ____20____, but I changed my view. All it took was some trial and error. A. “Not again,” I screamed inside B. I should view it in a positive way C. Maybe I wasn’t good at writing D. Writing isn’t a one-and-done thing E. I soon realized writing was my strength F. I switched to the world of math and science G. I had never imagined it in my wildest dreams 【答案】16. C 17. F 18. A 19. D 20. G 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者从讨厌写作到逐渐喜欢上写作的心路历程。 【16题详解】 由上文“I tried my best but my teachers would return my papers littered with red. I was upset to no end. (我尽了最大的努力，但老师们总是把满是红笔批改痕迹的论文还给我。我一直很沮丧)”以及下文“And that was OK. I didn’t have to do well in everything. (那也没关系。我不必擅长所有事情。)”可知，本空应表达作者对自己写作能力的看法。C选项“也许我不是天生就适合写作”体现了作者觉得自己可能不具备写作天赋，能承上启下，符合语境。故选C。 【17题详解】 由下文“I liked it because objective truth could be found if I searched properly. In college, I joined a research lab to enhance conductor efficiency, and after a year of hard work, we developed a design that halved energy losses. (我喜欢它是因为只要我认真去探寻，就能找到客观的真相。在大学期间，我加入了一个研究实验室，旨在提高导体的效率。经过一年的努力工作，我们终于设计出了一种能将能量损耗减半的方案。)”可知，作者喜欢客观真理，并且参与了和科学相关的研究，本空应强调作者转向了与科学相关的领域。F选项“我转向了数学和科学的领域”能引出下文作者在数学和科学方面的经历，符合语境。故选F。 【18题详解】 由上文“But when I asked him for feedback, I soon found the paper covered in red marks. (但当我向他征求反馈时，我很快发现论文上满是红笔标记。)”可知，作者的论文又被批改出很多问题，本空应表达作者此时的感受。A选项““不会又这样吧，” 我在心里尖叫道”体现了作者看到满是红笔标记时的无奈和沮丧情绪，能承接上文，符合语境。故选A。 【19题详解】 由上文“Before I could give up in defeat, though, the graduate student explained those red marks didn’t mean I was a bad writer. (不过，在我准备灰心丧气放弃的时候，这位研究生却解释说那些红色的标记并不意味着我是个糟糕的写作者。)”以及下文“It requires revising your work, often several times. (它需要多次修改你的作品。)”可知，本空应进一步解释写作需要多次修改的特点。D选项“写作不是一蹴而就的事情”说明了写作需要多次修改，不是一次就能完成的，能承上启下，符合语境。故选D。 【20题详解】 由上文“From then on, writing became one of my favorite parts of research. (从那时起，写作成了我研究中最喜欢的部分之一。)”以及下文“but I changed my view. All it took was some trial and error. (但我改变了想法。所需要的只是一些反复尝试。)”可知，本空应表达作者之前对写作的态度和现在的反差。G选项“我做梦也没想到会这样”体现了作者之前从未想过写作会成为自己喜欢的部分，与下文的转折形成对比，符合语境。故选G。 第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节 完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 When I was in third grade, my family and I took on an unforgettable trip across the country. It turned out to be more than just a/an ____21____ journey; it was a journey of discovery into our ____22____ . Every day, Dad ____23____ us with his trusty road map. Mom, the heart of our family, shared folk tales and painted pictures about the upcoming ____24____ . We went through diverse ____25____ from the thick forests to the vast deserts of the West. One day, while hiking through the Grand Canyon, I ____26____ a particularly rough path. Frightened, I ____27____ , not knowing how to proceed. That’s when my parents ____28____ . As Dad showed me footholds, Mom coached me with calming ____29____ and reminded me of the breathtaking views that lay ahead. Then, I ____30____ the confidence as my feet ____31____ solid ground again. When I finally overcame my fear, I felt we became ____32____ as a family. From then on, every evening, we’d gather around a campfire for what we ____33____ called “Family Reflection Time”. During these sessions, we’d share laughs, ____34____ , and insights from the day’s experiences. The trip taught me that the true meaning of travel isn’t merely about reaching the destination but about the personal growth that happens on the route, and the family bonds formed when facing ____35____ together. 21. A. crowded B. physical C. creative D. necessary 22. A. relationships B. potentials C. dreams D. inspirations 23. A. guided B. encouraged C. comforted D. attracted 24. A. events B. stations C. locations D. shows 25. A. cultures B. landscapes C. groups D. countries 26. A. imagined B. constructed C. smoothed D. encountered 27. A. froze B. flew C. fell D. forgot 28. A. reached down B. stood aside C. stepped in D. turned back 29. A. words B. worries C. noises D. thoughts 30. A. lost B. maintained C. demonstrate D. restored 31. A. left B. broke C. found D. dug 32. A. nicer B. tougher C. braver D. closer 33. A. originally B. affectionately C. frequently D. simply 34. A. sympathy B. conflict C. tears D. profits 35. A. challenges B. defeats C. opposition D. uncertainty 【答案】21. B 22. A 23. A 24. C 25. B 26. D 27. A 28. C 29. A 30. D 31. C 32. D 33. B 34. C 35. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者一家进行了一场难忘的全国旅行，这场旅行让整个家庭变得更亲密了，而且这场旅行也让作者懂得了旅行的真正意义。 【21题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：事实证明，这不仅仅是一次现实的旅行；这是一次探索我们关系的旅行。A. crowded拥挤的；B. physical现实的；C. creative创造（性）的；D. necessary必要的。根据下文“it was a journey of discovery into our ___2___”可知，这次旅行还是一次探索发现更深层次东西之旅，由此可知，这不仅仅是一场现实的旅行。故选B项。 【22题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：事实证明，这不仅仅是一次现实的旅行；这是一次探索我们关系的旅行。A. relationships关系；B. potentials潜力；C. dreams梦想；D. inspirations灵感。根据下文“the family bonds form”可知，这场旅行让家庭关系更亲密了，所以这是一场探索家庭关系的旅行。故选A项。 【23题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：每天，爸爸都用他可靠的路线图给我们引路。A. guided引导（某人至某地）；B. encouraged鼓励；C. comforted安慰；D. attracted吸引。根据下文“with his trusty road map”可知，爸爸用地图给大家引路。故选A项。 【24题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：妈妈，我们家的核心，分享了关于即将到访的地点的民间故事并画画。A. events事件；B. stations火车站；C. locations地点；D. shows节目。根据上文“the upcoming”和下文中的“We went through diverse ___5___ from the thick forests to the vast deserts of the West.”可知，这里是说他们即将到访的地点。故选C项。 【25题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们经历了从茂密的森林到西部广阔的沙漠的各种景观。A. cultures文化；B. landscapes风景；C. groups组；D. countries国家。根据下文“from the thick forests to the vast deserts of the West”可知，这里是说他们看到的各种各样的景观。故选B项。 【26题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：一天，在大峡谷徒步旅行时，我遇到了一条特别崎岖的小路。A. imagined想象；B. constructed建造；C. smoothed使平滑；D. encountered遇到。根据下文“a particularly rough path”和“not knowing how to proceed”可知，作者遇到了一条特别崎岖的小路，不知道该怎么办。故选D项。 【27题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我吓坏了，僵住了，不知道该怎么办。A. froze（因害怕等）不动；B. flew飞行；C. fell落下；D. forgot忘记。根据上文“Frightened”可知，作者吓得僵住了。故选A项。 【28题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：就在那时我父母介入了。A. reached down把……拿下来；B. stood aside站到一边；C. stepped in介入；D. turned back使返回。根据下文“As Dad showed me footholds, Mom coached me with calming ___9___and reminded me of the breathtaking views that lay ahead.”可知，父母过来帮助作者，所以是介入了作者所处的困境。故选C项。 【29题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当爸爸给我看立足点时，妈妈用平静话语指导我，并提醒我前方的壮丽景色。A. words话语；B. worries担心；C. noises噪音；D. thoughts想法。根据上文“coached me”可知，妈妈用平静的话语指导作者。故选A项。 【30题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后，当我的双脚再次站稳脚跟时，我恢复了信心。A. lost失去；B. maintained维持；C. demonstrate证明；D. restored恢复。根据上文“Frightened, I ___7___, not knowing how to proceed. ”和下文“I finally overcame my fear”可知，作者一开始看到这条崎岖小路时吓呆住了，后来在父母的帮助下终于克服了自己的害怕，由此可知，作者重新恢复的信心。故选D项。 【31题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后，当我的双脚再次站稳脚跟时，我找到了信心。A. left离开；B. broke弄坏；C. found找到；D. dug挖。根据上文“Dad showed me footholds”和下文“solid ground again”可知，作者在父母的指导下找到了立足点，双脚找到了结实的地面站稳了。故选C项。 【32题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我终于克服恐惧时，我觉得我们作为一家人变得更亲密了。A. nicer更好的；B. tougher更艰苦的；C. braver更勇敢的；D. closer更亲近的。根据下文“the family bonds form”和空后的“as a family”可知，作者一家人因为共同解决困难后变得更加亲密了。故选D项。 【33题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：从那时起，每天晚上，我们都会聚集在篝火旁，进行我们亲切地称之为“家庭回忆时间”的活动。A. originally原来，起初；B. affectionately亲切地；C. frequently频繁地；D. simply仅仅。根据下文“called ‘Family Reflection Time’”并结合语境可知，他们将每晚进行的这个活动称为“家庭回忆时间”，由此可知，他们很喜欢这个活动，很亲切地给它取名字。故选B项。 【34题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在这些活动中，我们会分享一天的经历带来的欢笑、泪水和见解。A. sympathies同情；B. conflicts冲突；C. tears泪水；D. profits利润。根据上文“laughs”可知，这里指一天经历的欢乐和泪水。故选C项。 【35题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这次旅行教会了我，旅行的真正意义不仅仅是到达目的地，而是在旅途中发生的个人成长，以及在共同面对挑战时形成的家庭纽带。A. challenges挑战；B. defeats失败；C. opposition反对；D. uncertainty犹豫。根据上文“facing”并结合上文作者面临崎岖小路时父母给予帮助可知，这里是说一家人一起面对挑战。故选A项。 第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Kuang Zhengchao, who grew up in Jiaoyao village, a high-altitude mountainous area with poor land, was raised by tea. His family, which has been growing tea ____36____ three generations, used to have trouble putting food on the table, ____37____ now he earns 70, 000 yuan a year just from selling tea. In 2019, Kuang and seven other young people in the village set up a tea cooperative. With the support of the economic cooperative in their village, they ____38____ (successful) integrated the resources of the tea industry, and carried out the model of unified (统一的) planting, fertilization, processing and sales, attempting ____39____ (achieve) high quality and a good flavor. An old house in the village ____40____ (transform) into a tea processing and exhibition workshop, while the house facing the green ____41____ (mountain)and the tea garden became a separate tea tasting room. Last year, the cooperative assigned 40 percent of its ____42____ (expect) earnings to the shareholders in the village. ____43____ Mao Huayan, Kuang’s wife, received her bonus of 1,097 yuan, she felt like a child ____44____ (get) “lucky” money during Spring Festival. More important was the _____45_____ (industry)development that helped them to accumulate wealth. 【答案】36. for 37. but/yet 38. successfully 39. to achieve 40. was transformed 41. mountains 42. expected 43. When##As 44. getting 45. industrial 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要说明了邝正超在海拔高、土地贫瘠的焦尧村长大，靠茶养大。他的家族已经种了三代茶，过去连吃饭都很困难，但现在他每年仅靠卖茶就能赚7万元。 【36题详解】 考查介词。句意：他家族已经种了三代茶，过去连吃饭都很困难，但现在他每年仅靠卖茶就能赚7万元。此处表示“几代人”应用for…generations。故填for。 37题详解】 考查连词。句意：他的家族已经种了三代茶，过去连吃饭都很困难，但现在他每年仅靠卖茶就能赚7万元。结合前后文语境可知为转折关系，应用连词but或者yet。故填but/yet。 【38题详解】 考查副词。句意：在该村经济合作社的支持下，他们成功整合了茶叶产业资源，实行了统一种植、施肥、加工、销售的模式，力求做到高品质、好风味。修饰动词integrated应用副词successfully，故填successfully。 【39题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：在该村经济合作社的支持下，他们成功整合了茶叶产业资源，实行了统一种植、施肥、加工、销售的模式，力求做到高品质、好风味。attempt to do sth“试图做某事”。故填to achieve。 【40题详解】 考查时态语态。句意：村里的老房子被改造成茶叶加工和展览车间，而面向青山和茶园的房子则成为一个独立的品茶室。主语与谓语构成被动关系，且动作发生在过去，用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为house，谓语用单数。故填was transformed。 【41题详解】 考查名词的数。句意：村里的老房子被改造成茶叶加工和展览车间，而面向青山和茶园的房子则成为一个独立的品茶室。mountain为可数名词，此处数量大于一应用复数形式。故填mountains。 【42题详解】 考查形容词。句意：去年，合作社将预期收益的40%分配给了村里的股东。修饰名词earnings应用形容词expected。故填expected。 【43题详解】 考查状语从句。句意：当邝的妻子毛华燕拿到1097元奖金时，她感觉自己就像一个春节拿到压岁钱的孩子。引导时间状语从句，表示“当……时候”应用when或as，首字母大写。故填When/As。 【44题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：当邝的妻子毛华燕拿到1097元奖金时，她感觉自己就像一个春节拿到压岁钱的孩子。分析句子结构可知get与逻辑主语child构成主动关系，故用现在分词作定语。故填getting。 【45题详解】 考查形容词。句意：更重要的是工业的发展帮助他们积累了财富。修饰名词development应用形容词industrial，故填industrial。 第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（满分15分） 46. 假如你是李华，你和外国交换生Peter计划组织一场名为“Cross-Cultural Food Exhibition”的活动，请写一封邮件给Peter，内容包括： 1.你对活动形式的建议； 2.约定时间讨论安排和分工。 注意： 1.写作词数应为80左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear Peter, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Best regards, Li Hua 【答案】 Dear Peter, I can’t wait to plan Cross-Cultural Food Exhibition with you! I propose that we set up booths where those foods are introduced and shared. Additionally, interactive cooking workshops could be arranged, thereby enhancing hands-on engagement and learning. To ensure smooth planning, let’s schedule a detailed discussion session. Could we meet online next Tuesday at 6 PM? During this meeting, we can finalize the list of representing dishes, decide on our responsibilities, and create a timeline for preparations. Looking forward to your thoughts on my suggestions and confirmation regarding the meeting time. Best regards, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。考生和外国交换生Peter计划组织一场名为“跨文化美食展”的活动，要求考生按照要求写一封邮件给Peter。 【详解】1.词汇积累 计划：plan→ schedule 建议：propose→ recommend 建立：set up→ establish 另外：additionally→ in addition 2.句式拓展 同义句转换 原句：During this meeting, we can finalize the list of representing dishes, decide on our responsibilities, and create a timeline for preparations. 拓展句：During this meeting, not only can we finalize the list of representing dishes, decide on our responsibilities, but also we can create a timeline for preparations. 【点睛】【高分句型1】I propose that we set up booths where those foods are introduced and shared.（运用了that引导的宾语从句、虚拟语气和where引导的限制性定语从句） 【高分句型2】To ensure smooth planning, let’s schedule a detailed discussion session.（运用了不定式To ensure作目的状语） 第二节 读后续写（满分25分） 47. 阅读下而材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 A Hearty Welcome Chase counted his new year gifts one more time as he put a robot-shaped eraser into each envelope. “Twenty, twenty-one, twenty-two.” “Do you have one for everyone in your class?” Mom asked. “Yep!” Chase said. “I’m ready for the party tomorrow!” When Chase got to school the next day, he saw a new girl in his classroom. She stood near Ms. Robins and looked around shyly. “This is Eva,” said Ms. Robins. “Will someone volunteer to show her around today? “Chase raised his hand since he liked showing the new kids around and helping them feel welcome. “Thanks, Chase, “Ms. Robins said. “Now let’s get down to our work.” That’s when Chase realized he didn’t have a new year gift for Eva. No one else would have one either. Chase pictured his classmates’ desks covered with gifts while Eva’s desk was empty. He felt sad about that. At a break, he was careful not to mention the party as he showed Eva around the playground. At lunchtime, he walked Eva to the lunchroom, still worried about what would happen at the party. Eva had brought a packed lunch. so Chase showed her where she was supposed to sit and introduced her to some of the kids at her table. While eating, Chase suddenly remembered that kids often included candy hearts with the new year gifts they exchanged. This won’t be a New Year’s Day for Eva with no gifts. But as he sat down at his table, an idea flooded into his head. He whispered it to the kids around him. Soon everyone at the table was nodding and whispering. When they were back in the classroom after lunch, Chase told Ms. Robins about their plan. Ms. Robins smiled. “That’s very thoughtful, “she said. “Let’s go for it.” It was math time, so Chase invited Eva to study with him. He made sure Eva sat with her back to the room so she wouldn’t notice. 1. 续写词数应为150左右： 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位登作答。 Meanwhile, her new classmates were busying working on something. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ “Here’s your new year gift, Eva. It’s from everyone,” said Chase. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Meanwhile, her new classmates were busying working on something. They were going to give Eva their “hearts”. Quickly but quietly, Ms. Robins, with an exquisite paper bag she fetched from her office, was walking around the classroom to collect the candy hearts. Growing heavy with the paper bag was the students’ welcome for their new classmate. Sitting beside Eva, Chase felt his heart racing and palms sweating. In order not to ruin the new year surprise for Eva, he pretended to be discussing math problems with her to occupy her attention. The stone in his heart finally dropped when Ms Robins tiptoed towards him and placed the paper bag on his hands. “Here’s your new year gift, Eva. It’s from everyone.” said Chase. Surprise written on Eva’s face, she turned around and was greeted by the sunny smiles on her classmates’ faces. “Open it,” I encouraged. No sooner had she opened the paper bag than everybody cheered, “Happy New Year”. The candies which were made in the shape of hearts blurred her eyes. If only she had been able to express how much this precious gift meant to her. Springing from her seat, she stepped forward and bowed to her new but considerate classmates, who not only erased her anxiety but also planted the seed of hope in her heart. What a hearty welcome! 【解析】 【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了Chase给同学们每人都准备新年礼物，第二天到班上却发现班上来了一位新同学。Chase答应老师带新同学参观学校却意识到自己和其他同学都没有为新同学准备礼物，感到难过。在吃午饭的时候，Chase突然想起孩子们经常在交换的新年礼物里放上心形糖果，于是和其他同学，老师一起计划为新同学送礼物。 【详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“与此同时，她的新同学们正忙着做一些事情。”可知，第一段可描写老师悄悄收集心型果糖给Chase并不让Eva发现的过程。 ②由第二段首句内容“‘这是你的新年礼物，Eva。是大家送的。’蔡斯说。”可知，第二段可描Eva收到礼物后非常感动的过程。 2.续写线索：老师收集礼物——Chase紧张——假装和Eva讨论问题——老师把糖果袋放在Chase手上——Chase送出礼物——Eva感动——感谢大家 3.词汇激活 行为类 ①.收集：collect/gather ②.占领：occupy/ take over ③.转身：turn around / turn round / turn about 情绪类 ①.泪眼模糊：blur one’s eyes / eyes blurred by tears ②.轻声地：quietly/gently 【点睛】 [高分句型1]. Quickly but quietly, Ms. Robins, with an exquisite paper bag she fetched from her office, was walking around the classroom to collect the candy hearts.（运用了省略关系代词的定语从句） [高分句型2]. The stone in his heart finally dropped when Ms Robins tiptoed towards him and placed the paper bag on his hands.（由连词when引导的时间状语从句） [高分句型3]. The candies which were made in the shape of hearts blurred her eyes.（which引导的限制性定语从句） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 株洲市第四中学2026年第一学期高二入学质量检测 英语 温馨提示：因本试卷不考听力部分，题号从21开始，时间100分钟，满分120分。 第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分） 第一节 阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Each fall, millions of butterflies across the U. S. and Canada fly up to 4, 000 km to central Mexico. Travelers can see the butterflies overwintering on the Western Monarch Trail, a 465-mile, road trip-friendly conservation initiative that links over a dozen stops along the route. Helping the butterflies Organizers created educational panels in English and Spanish explaining the butterflies’ annual traveling and their trouble. The signs also outline ways travelers can help the butterflies recover, such as by supporting chemical-free farms and planting native nectar (花蜜) gardens. Why butterflies fly to the California coast Many stops in Pismo State Beach Monarch Butterfly Grove and Andrew Molera State Park, are overwintering sites where, from October to February, travelers can see thousands of butterflies gathering in forests in areas with mild temperatures, dappled (斑驳的) sunlight, high dampness, and little to no wind. Other sites, like the San Luis Obispo Botanical Garden and Avila Valley Barn, growflowers that provide sugary, high-calorie food for the butterflies to eat. Butterflies settling here demonstrate how vital nectaring plants are to their survival. How to explore the Western Monarch Trail The butterflies’ behavior varies at different times of day and depending on the weather. In the mornings, while temperatures are still cool, step out of the cabin (木屋) in the Fernwood Resort where you stay overnight, you’ll find many butterflies hanging together on the branches and trunks of trees at the overwintering sites. As the day starts to heat up-typically by late morning or early afternoon — you’ll be amazed at the phenomenon “sunburst” — the butterflies start flying around in search of nearby nectar. Keep your eyes skyward. Don’t grab your camera. Just be in the moment. 1. What’s the Western Monarch Trail initiative aimed at? A. Providing a travel route. B. Encountering butterflies. C. Promoting organic farming. D. Advocating species conservation. 2. What do we know about Andrew Molera State Park? A. It holds many nectar gardens. B. It’s pleasant throughout winter. C. It has sufficient food for butterflies. D. It’s home to butterflies all year around. 3. What is guaranteed for the travelers along the Western Monarch Trail? A. Signs to guide the route. B. Cameras for recording videos. C. Ready shelters to stay overnight. D. Experience of watching “sunburst” at dawn. B The greatest irony (讽刺) of the world-wide celebrations held in 2012 to honour the 200th anniversary (周年纪念) of the first edition of the Grimms’ Hausm rchen involves the discovery that most people really don’t know the original Grimms’ tales published in 1812. If we return to take a closer look at the first edition, we’ll find it was this edition that inspired scholars of folk culture throughout Europe to gather tales from the oral tradition and preserve them for future generations. When the Grimms Jacob and Wilhelm began collecting al kinds of folk tales and songs at the beginning of the 19th century, what attracted them to concentrate on old German literature was a belief that the most natural and pure forms of culture were to be located in the past, while modern literature, even though it might be remarkably rich, was artificial and thus could not express the genuine quality of folk culture that originated naturally from people’s experiences and bound the people together. Broadly speaking, the Grimms sought to collect and preserve ancient things consisting of tales, songs and documents. They intended to demonstrate how natural language, originating from the needs and customs of the common people, created genuine bonds and helped form civilized communities. Turning to the first edition a reader might notice that, totally unlike the final edition of 1857, the first edition collects more genuine folk tales, keeping spoken and raw contents, despite the fact that the language is not as pleasing as that in later revised versions. Forinstance, Snow White’s mother, not her stepmother, wants to kill the beautiful girl out of envy. The storytellers do not beat about the bush and they tell the truths they know, engaging peopleto learn from symbols how to engage their realities, even though magic, incredible transformation and cruelty are involved. Lastly, the Grimms’ little-known first edition reveals forgotten voices that are actually deep within us. Therefore, the irresistibility of the Grimms’ tales are that really not theirs, but ours. 4. According to the author, why should we rediscover the Grimms’ first edition? A. To explore its origin. B. To appreciate its significance. C. To honour its 200th anniversary. D. To remember the Brothers Grimm. 5. What is paragraph 3 of the text mainly about? A. The quality of the folk culture. B. The contents of the first edition. C. The feature of the old German literature. D. The motivation of the Grimms collecting tales. 6. What can we learn about Snow White in the first edition? A. It is loosely based on the folk tale. B. It instructs readers to integrate into life. C. It is appealing for its beautiful language. D. It exposes envy and cruelty of the stepmother. 7. What can we infer about the Brothers Grimm from the text? A. They were collectors of antiques. B. They kept their style in later editions. C. They thought highly of modern literature. D. They were pioneers in preserving folk culture. C A challenge of teaching mathematics rather than, say, history is that the homework is a lot harder to come up with. After all, “Was Henry VIII a good king?” is a reasonable question to ask either a classroom of nine-year-olds or a lecture theatre of postgraduates. But “Solve this quadratic equation (二次方程式)” would leave the classroom nonplussed and the lecture theatre unimpressed. Maths is learned by doing and designing a problem that is easy enough to be accessible, yet hard enough to be satisfying, is a big headache in itself. Partly for this reason, books that successfully communicate how mathematicians think, but are aimed at those not already in the field, are both valuable and rare. Now Sir David Spiegelhalter, professor of statistics at the University of Cambridge, has added to the category with The Art of Uncertainty. His new book will appeal to many more than just mathematicians, for its topic is universal: how to analyse chance, uncertainty and risk. If a new virus is running wild and the majority of deaths are among those who have received a newer vaccine (疫苗), is that evidence that the vaccination program is harmful? How much of top football teams’ performance comes down to luck rather than skill? Professor Spiegelhalter’s exploration of such questions is delightful. First, he uses them to illustrate broader ideas about how probability and statistics work. So a discussion of vaccine safety proceeds to Bayes’s theorem, a procedure for improving one’s judgment of probabilities as new evidence comes to light. The joy of Professor Spiegelhalter’s approach is that he reaches this deep truth through nothing more than some intuitive (直觉的) assumptions and very simple maths. Most important, though, is Professor Spiegelhalter’s skill at communicating these ideas. Much of probability and statistics can go against our intuition, and the maths behind it is often fearsome. But this is not a difficult book to read or understand. 8. What does the underlined word “nonplussed” in paragraph 1 probably mean? A. Impressed. B. Inspired. C. Confused. D. Amused. 9. What is the biggest selling point of The Art of Uncertainty according to the author? A. It casts light on math thoughts. B. It covers various topics. C. It makes sense to ordinary people. D. It satisfies maths professionals. 10. Why does the author mention Bayes’s theorem in paragraph 3? A. To prove the reliability of intuition. B. To reveal the book’s academic nature. C. To underline the deep truth of judgement. D. To demonstrate Spiegelhalter’s writing approach. 11. What is the text mainly about? A A master of math teaching. B. A book on intuitive assumptions. C. A discussion of risk management. D. A guide to understanding probability. D A corn plant knows how to find water in soil with the very tips of its roots, but some varieties, including many used for developing high-output corn in the U.S., appear to have lost part of that ability, according to a Stanford-led study. With climate change increasing droughts, the findings hold potential for developing more drought-resistant varieties of corn. The study, published in the journal Science, uncovers genetic mechanisms (遗传机制) behind “hydropatterning”, or how plant roots branch toward water and avoid dry spaces in soil. In particular, the researchers discovered that ethylene, a plant hormone (激素) known to help bananas ripen, also influences how roots grow to seek water. For this study, the researchers developed a new, simplified way to study water sensitivity in roots. They found corn varieties adapted to hot and wet regions like Mexico were very good at making new root branches toward water and avoiding dry areas. In contrast, the varieties adapted to moderate regions of North America frequently grew roots randomly without distinguishing between dry and wet areas in the soil. “Interestingly, the plants that are better at sensing where the water is are also making deeper root systems,” said lead author Johannes Scharwies. “One idea is that if the plant doesn’t waste time growing root branches into places where it doesn’t find any water and nutrients, then it has more energy to grow deeper down where water is more likely.” Genetic analyses reveal two plant hormones, auxin and ethylene, play a role in how corn roots respond to water. While auxin was already known to help control this process, ethylene’s involvement was a new discovery. In experiments with thale cress — a model plant often used in research — the researchers found auxin signaling promotes root branch development toward water, while ethylene stops branching when the root is exposed to air. Further research is needed to better understand the interaction of these genetic pathways before corn varieties can be developed with more drought-resistant root systems, but the findings highlight the significance of studying these localized responses at root tips, researchers said. 12. What is the primary focus of the Stanford-led study? A. Drought-resistant corn varieties. B. Ethylene’s effect on fruit ripening. C. Genetic regulation of root branching. D. Impact of climate change on plant roots. 13. What can be inferred from Johannes Scharwies’ remarks? A. Plant hormones make a big difference to root growth. B. Nutrients guarantee better water-seeking root systems. C. Root branching conserves energy for higher production. D. Stronger hydropatterning was linked to greater root depth. 14 What does paragraph 5 mainly talk about? A. Model plants in research. B. Hormones’ role in root growth. C. Genetic analysis methods. D. Findings of previous research. 15. What does the last paragraph suggest future research do? A. Prioritize development of new corn varieties. B. Work out the mechanisms of genetic interactions. C. Concentrate merely on localized root responses. D. Expand practical applications of hydropatterning. 第二节 七选五阅读（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 I hated writing growing up. But I couldn’t avoid it: learning English was a must in high school. For hours, I stared at blank pages, trying to turn my disorganized thoughts into fluent sentences. I tried my best but my teachers would return my papers littered with red. I was upset to no end. ____16____. And that was OK. I didn’t have to do well in everything. ____17____. I liked it because objective truth could be found if I searched properly. In college, I joined a research lab to enhance conductor efficiency, and after a year of hard work, we developed a design that halved energy losses. However, the joy was short-lived as I had to write a research paper about our findings. I knew that if I wanted to become an academic, I would need to spend time writing papers. But with my awful track record with writing, I was scared of failing. In a panic, I asked a graduate student in my lab for help. We defined a goal for the paper, and I carefully wrote an outline. But when I asked him for feedback, I soon found the paper covered in red marks. ____18____. Before I could give up in defeat, though, the graduate student explained those red marks didn’t mean I was a bad writer. ____19____. It requires revising your work, often several times. I kept improving the outline of my paper, eventually turning it into sentences and paragraphs. My initial draft wasn’t perfect. I had buried a few key takeaways, and the introduction was missing important context. But with help, I finally made it. From then on, writing became one of my favorite parts of research. ____20____, but I changed my view. All it took was some trial and error. A. “Not again,” I screamed inside B. I should view it in a positive way C. Maybe I wasn’t good at writing D. Writing isn’t a one-and-done thing E. I soon realized writing was my strength F. I switched to the world of math and science G. I had never imagined it in my wildest dreams 第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节 完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 When I was in third grade, my family and I took on an unforgettable trip across the country. It turned out to be more than just a/an ____21____ journey; it was a journey of discovery into our ____22____ . Every day, Dad ____23____ us with his trusty road map. Mom, the heart of our family, shared folk tales and painted pictures about the upcoming ____24____ . We went through diverse ____25____ from the thick forests to the vast deserts of the West. One day, while hiking through the Grand Canyon, I ____26____ a particularly rough path. Frightened, I ____27____ , not knowing how to proceed. That’s when my parents ____28____ . As Dad showed me footholds, Mom coached me with calming ____29____ and reminded me of the breathtaking views that lay ahead. Then, I ____30____ the confidence as my feet ____31____ solid ground again. When I finally overcame my fear, I felt we became ____32____ as a family. From then on, every evening, we’d gather around a campfire for what we ____33____ called “Family Reflection Time”. During these sessions, we’d share laughs, ____34____ , and insights from the day’s experiences. The trip taught me that the true meaning of travel isn’t merely about reaching the destination but about the personal growth that happens on the route, and the family bonds formed when facing ____35____ together. 21. A. crowded B. physical C. creative D. necessary 22. A. relationships B. potentials C. dreams D. inspirations 23. A. guided B. encouraged C. comforted D. attracted 24. A. events B. stations C. locations D. shows 25. A. cultures B. landscapes C. groups D. countries 26. A. imagined B. constructed C. smoothed D. encountered 27. A. froze B. flew C. fell D. forgot 28. A. reached down B. stood aside C. stepped in D. turned back 29. A. words B. worries C. noises D. thoughts 30. A. lost B. maintained C. demonstrate D. restored 31. A. left B. broke C. found D. dug 32. A. nicer B. tougher C. braver D. closer 33. A. originally B. affectionately C. frequently D. simply 34 A. sympathy B. conflict C. tears D. profits 35. A. challenges B. defeats C. opposition D. uncertainty 第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Kuang Zhengchao, who grew up in Jiaoyao village, a high-altitude mountainous area with poor land, was raised by tea. His family, which has been growing tea ____36____ three generations, used to have trouble putting food on the table, ____37____ now he earns 70, 000 yuan a year just from selling tea. In 2019, Kuang and seven other young people in the village set up a tea cooperative. With the support of the economic cooperative in their village, they ____38____ (successful) integrated the resources of the tea industry, and carried out the model of unified (统一的) planting, fertilization, processing and sales, attempting ____39____ (achieve) high quality and a good flavor. An old house in the village ____40____ (transform) into a tea processing and exhibition workshop, while the house facing the green ____41____ (mountain)and the tea garden became a separate tea tasting room. Last year, the cooperative assigned 40 percent of its ____42____ (expect) earnings to the shareholders in the village. ____43____ Mao Huayan, Kuang’s wife, received her bonus of 1,097 yuan, she felt like a child ____44____ (get) “lucky” money during Spring Festival. More important was the _____45_____ (industry)development that helped them to accumulate wealth. 第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（满分15分） 46. 假如你是李华，你和外国交换生Peter计划组织一场名为“Cross-Cultural Food Exhibition”的活动，请写一封邮件给Peter，内容包括： 1.你对活动形式的建议； 2.约定时间讨论安排和分工。 注意： 1.写作词数应为80左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear Peter, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Best regards, Li Hua 第二节 读后续写（满分25分） 47. 阅读下而材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 A Hearty Welcome Chase counted his new year gifts one more time as he put a robot-shaped eraser into each envelope. “Twenty, twenty-one, twenty-two.” “Do you have one for everyone in your class?” Mom asked. “Yep!” Chase said. “I’m ready for the party tomorrow!” When Chase got to school the next day he saw a new girl in his classroom. She stood near Ms. Robins and looked around shyly. “This is Eva,” said Ms. Robins. “Will someone volunteer to show her around today? “Chase raised his hand since he liked showing the new kids around and helping them feel welcome. “Thanks Chase, “Ms. Robins said. “Now let’s get down to our work.” That’s when Chase realized he didn’t have a new year gift for Eva. No one else would have one either. Chase pictured his classmates’ desks covered with gifts while Eva’s desk was empty. He felt sad about that. At a break, he was careful not to mention the party as he showed Eva around the playground. At lunchtime, he walked Eva to the lunchroom, still worried about what would happen at the party. Eva had brought a packed lunch. so Chase showed her where she was supposed to sit and introduced her to some of the kids at her table. While eating, Chase suddenly remembered that kids often included candy hearts with the new year gifts they exchanged. This won’t be a New Year’s Day for Eva with no gifts. But as he sat down at his table, an idea flooded into his head. He whispered it to the kids around him. Soon everyone at the table was nodding and whispering. When they were back in the classroom after lunch, Chase told Ms. Robins about their plan. Ms. Robins smiled. “That’s very thoughtful, “she said. “Let’s go for it.” It was math time, so Chase invited Eva to study with him. He made sure Eva sat with her back to the room so she wouldn’t notice. 1. 续写词数应为150左右： 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位登作答。 Meanwhile, her new classmates were busying working on something. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ “Here’s your new year gift, Eva. It’s from everyone,” said Chase. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $