Unit 5 Water is life（话题阅读精练）英语新教材沪教版七年级下册

Unit 5 Water is life 话题阅读精练 模块 语篇 题型 体裁 词数 内容简介 时文 阅读 Passage1 阅读理解 说明文 296 介绍全球淡水短缺现状、世界水日意义及中国“河长制”等治水举措。 Passage2 阅读理解 说明文 172 说明人日均应喝八杯水，但多数人饮水不足；老人尤甚，原因尚不明确，强调水关乎健康。 实战 演练 Passage1 完形填空 说明文 195 介绍雨水落地、经江河海洋蒸发成水汽，再形成雨滴的水循环过程。 Passage2 阅读理解 记叙文 251 讲述博扬・斯莱特因潜水目睹海洋塑料污染，创立组织研发系统清理海洋塑料垃圾。 Passage3 阅读理解 说明文 229 介绍长江的重要地位与生态问题，说明中国出台《长江保护法》及相关保护措施。 Passage4 阅读理解 说明文 198 强调节水重要性，介绍日常节水、收集雨水等方法，倡导环保生活。 Passage5 六选五 说明文 260 介绍通过节水、重复使用购物袋、捐赠旧物等小事保护地球。 Passage6 阅读问答 说明文 224 介绍河蚌可用于检测水质清洁度。 Passage1时文阅读 No matter who we are, where we are, or what we do, we cannot live without water. It is the source of all life and we need it every day. But in truth we’re facing serious water problems. Although water covers 71 percent of the earth’s surface, we can only use a very small amount of it. Only about 3 percent of the world’s water is fresh water. It’s in lakes, rivers and underground. Today, there are over 663 million people living without a safe water supply close to home, according to the United Nations. To remind people of the importance of water, the UN first set up World Water Day in 1993. It is held on March 22nd each year. And this year’s theme is “wastewater”. According to the UN, wastewater problems make water shortages (短缺) even more serious. Most of the wastewater from our homes, cities, industry and agriculture flows directly back to nature. Instead of letting it pollute the environment, the industries need to treat it first. China takes actions to deal with water problems too. From March 22nd to 28th is the China Water Week, during which the Chinese government promotes (推广) the new policy of  “river chiefs” to the public. Just as every province, city and county (县) has a leader, every river will have a chief too. China passed the policy at the end of 2016 and carried it out nationwide in 2019. Local government heads will be river chiefs. They will be responsible for all rivers and lakes in their regions. They need to make sure that industries treat the wastewater before it goes into nature. They also need to clean up the polluted waters, like the blue algae (蓝藻) pollution in Taihu Lake, Jiangsu. 无论我们是谁、身处何地、从事何种工作，我们都离不开水。水是一切生命之源，我们每天都需要它。但事实上，我们正面临着严峻的水资源问题。 尽管水覆盖了地球表面的 71%，但我们能使用的水量却非常少。全球水资源中只有大约 3% 是淡水，存在于湖泊、河流和地下。据联合国统计，如今有超过 6.63 亿人住所附近没有安全的供水。 为了提醒人们重视水的重要性，联合国于 1993 年首次设立了世界水日，每年 3月22日举办。今年的主题是 “废水”。 联合国表示，废水问题让水资源短缺状况雪上加霜。来自家庭、城市、工业和农业的大部分废水直接回流自然。工业企业不应让废水污染环境，而应先对其进行处理。 中国也采取行动应对水资源问题。3月22日至 28 日是 “中国水周”，在此期间，中国政府向公众推广 “河长制” 新政策。 就像每个省、市、县都有负责人一样，每条河流也将有一名河长。中国于 2016 年底通过这项政策，并于 2019 年在全国推行。地方政府负责人担任河长，对辖区内所有河流、湖泊负责。他们需要确保企业在废水排入自然前先进行处理，还要治理被污染的水体，比如江苏太湖的蓝藻污染。 1．From the second paragraph, we know that ________. A．waste water problems make water shortage even more serious B．fresh water can be found in lots of places like lakes, rivers and underground C．people can live without water for a long time D．there’s much water on the earth so we can use as much as we want 2．________ is set up to remind people of the importance of water. A．World Oceans Day B．World Health Day C．World Environmental Day D．World Water Day 3．Which of the following is true according to the passage? A．Most of the wastewater flows directly back to nature. B．Wastewater flows directly to our homes. C．The policy “river chiefs” was carried out nationwide before 2016. D．Industries have done something to treat the wastewater before it goes into nature. 4．We can find this passage from ________. A．a novel B．a newspaper C．a travel guide D．a fashion magazine 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文指出了全球面临严峻水问题，介绍了可用淡水资源短缺的现状、联合国设立世界水日的意义，以及中国通过“河长制”等行动应对水问题的举措。 1．细节理解题。根据“Only about 3 percent of the world’s water is fresh water. It’s in lakes, rivers and underground.”可知，淡水可以在如湖泊、河流和地下等地方找到，故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“To remind people of the importance of water, the UN first set up World Water Day in 1993.”可知，世界水日旨在提醒人们珍惜水资源，了解水的重要性。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据“Most of the wastewater from our homes, cities, industry and agriculture flows directly back to nature.”可知，大部分的污水废水都会直接回到大自然里。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据全文可知，本文呼吁大家保护水资源，讲述了保护水资源的政策。所以文章最有可能刊登在报纸上。故选B。 【重难词汇梳理】 2 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 重点单词 source /sɔːs/n. 来源；源泉 serious /ˈsɪəriəs/adj. 严重的 cover /ˈkʌvə(r)/v. 覆盖 surface /ˈsɜːfɪs/n. 表面 fresh /freʃ/adj. 淡水的 supply /səˈplaɪ/n. 供应 remind /rɪˈmaɪnd/v. 提醒 importance /ɪmˈpɔːtns/n. 重要性 theme /θiːm/n. 主题 wastewater /ˈweɪstwɔːtə(r)/n. 废水 shortage /ˈʃɔːtɪdʒ/n. 短缺 industry /ˈɪndəstri/n. 工业 pollute /pəˈluːt/v. 污染 treat /triːt/v. 处理 policy /ˈpɒləsi/n. 政策 responsible /rɪˈspɒnsəbl/adj. 负责的 region /ˈriːdʒən/n. 地区 重点短语 no matter who/where/what 无论谁 / 在哪里 / 什么 in truth 事实上 face water problems 面临水资源问题 a small amount of 少量的 fresh water 淡水 according to 根据 remind sb. of sth. 提醒某人某事 set up 设立 take actions 采取行动 deal with 处理 carry out 执行 be responsible for 对…… 负责 clean up 清理；整治 【长难句分析】 1.No matter who we are, where we are, or what we do, we cannot live without water. 分析：本句是复合句，No matter who/where/what 引导让步状语从句，意为 “无论……”，主句为 we cannot live without water。without 表示 “没有”，作伴随状语。 译文：无论我们是谁、身处何地、从事何种工作，我们都离不开水。 2.Although water covers 71 percent of the earth’s surface, we can only use a very small amount of it. 分析：本句是复合句，Although 引导让步状语从句，意为 “尽管”，主句使用一般现在时。a small amount of 意为 “少量的”，修饰不可数名词。 译文：尽管水覆盖了地球表面的 71%，但我们能使用的水量却非常少。 3.Today, there are over 663 million people living without a safe water supply close to home, according to the United Nations. 分析：本句是 there be 句型，living without… 为现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰 people。according to 意为 “根据”，作插入语。 译文：据联合国统计，如今有超过 6.63 亿人住所附近没有安全的供水。 4.They also need to clean up the polluted waters, like the blue algae pollution in Taihu Lake, Jiangsu. 分析：本句是简单句，like 用于举例，意为 “比如；像”，polluted waters 意为 “被污染的水体”。 译文：他们还要治理被污染的水体，比如江苏太湖的蓝藻污染。 Passage2 We are always told that each of us should drink at least eight glasses of water every day. But most people drink less than six glasses. Even some drink one glass in the morning and one glass in the afternoon. If you do sports, you will need to drink more because you lose a lot of water. A new Australian study shows that older people do not realize they do not drink enough water. Researchers studied 22 men. 10 of them were 23.7 years old on average (平均). 12 of them were 68.1 years old on average. The results showed that the older men drank much less water to stop them feeling thirsty. What causes the problem? The answer is still not known. Some scientists think that older people do not want to drink more because they do not want to wake up in the middle of the night to go to the bathroom. However, water is not just for thirst, but also for health. We all need to remember that. 我们总是被告知，每个人每天至少要喝八杯水。但大多数人喝的水还不到六杯。有些人甚至只在早上喝一杯、下午喝一杯。如果你进行运动，就需要喝更多水，因为身体会流失大量水分。 澳大利亚一项新研究表明，老年人并未意识到自己饮水不足。研究人员对 22 名男性进行了研究：其中 10 人平均年龄 23.7 岁，12 人平均年龄 68.1 岁。结果显示，老年男性为了止渴而喝的水要少得多。 是什么导致了这一问题？答案目前尚不清楚。一些科学家认为，老年人不愿多喝水，是因为不想半夜起床上厕所。 然而，喝水不只是为了解渴，更是为了健康。我们都需要记住这一点。 1．How much water should we drink every day according to the passage? A．Four glasses. B．Two glasses. C．Six glasses. D．At least eight glasses. 2．Why do we need to drink water? A．For thirst. B．For health. C．For fun. D．Both A and B． 3．Why do the old drink less water than the young? A．Because they don’t exercise. B．Because they don’t like drinking. C．Because they don’t feel thirsty. D．We still don’t know the answer. 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．D 【导语】本文主要讲述人们日常应至少喝八杯水，但多数人饮水量不足，新研究表明老人尤其饮水不足，虽有关于原因的推测但尚不明确，强调水不仅解渴还关乎健康 。 1．细节理解题。根据“We are always told that each of us should drink at least eight glasses of water every day.”可知，我们每天应该至少喝八杯水，故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据“However, water is not just for thirst, but also for health.”可知，喝水不仅是为了解渴，也是为了健康，故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据“What causes the problem? The answer is still not known. Some scientists think that older people do not want to drink more because they do not want to wake up in the middle of the night to go to the bathroom.”可知，虽然有科学家提出一种可能原因，但对于老人比年轻人喝水少的原因，目前仍然未知， 故选D。 【重难词汇梳理】 at least 至少 less than 少于，不到 do sports 做运动 lose water 流失水分 study /ˈstʌdi/n. 研究；v. 学习 Australian /ɒˈstreɪliən/adj. 澳大利亚的 older people 老年人 realize /ˈriːəlaɪz/v. 意识到，认识到 researcher /rɪˈsɜːtʃə(r)/n. 研究者，调查人员 on average 平均 result /rɪˈzʌlt/n. 结果 thirsty /ˈθɜːsti/adj. 口渴的 cause /kɔːz/v. 导致，引起；n. 原因 scientist /ˈsaɪəntɪst/n. 科学家 wake up 醒来，起床 in the middle of the night 在半夜 go to the bathroom 上厕所 thirst /θɜːst/n. 口渴，渴 health /helθ/n. 健康 【长难句分析】 1. We are always told that each of us should drink at least eight glasses of water every day. 分析：本句是复合句，主句为被动语态 are told，that 引导宾语从句，作 told 的宾语。be told that… 意为 “被告知……”，each of us 作从句主语。 译文：我们总是被告知，每个人每天至少应该喝八杯水。 2. If you do sports, you will need to drink more because you lose a lot of water. 分析：本句是复合句，if 引导条件状语从句，because 引导原因状语从句，主句使用一般将来时 will need。need to do sth 意为 “需要做某事”，lose water 意为 “流失水分”。 译文：如果你做运动，就需要喝更多水，因为你会流失大量水分。 3. A new Australian study shows that older people do not realize they do not drink enough water. 分析：本句是复合句，主句为 A new Australian study shows，that 引导宾语从句；宾语从句中又嵌套一个省略 that 的宾语从句 they do not drink enough water，作 realize 的宾语。 译文：澳大利亚一项新研究表明，老年人并没有意识到自己喝水不够。 4. However, water is not just for thirst, but also for health. 分析：本句是简单句，使用并列结构 not just… but also…，意为 “不仅…… 而且……”，连接两个介词短语。 译文：然而，水不仅是为了解渴，也是为了健康。 实战演练 Passage1 A drop of rain falls from a cloud and then runs into a small river. The small river 1 it to a big river. Then the raindrop travels far to the east into the 2 . Then the water of the raindrop is at the top of the sea. As the 3 makes it very warm, it changes into vapour. The vapour leaves the sea and goes up into the air. The vapour from the rain drop moves with the warm air to the north. On the way the warm air 4 some cold air. The cold air makes the warm air move 5 above the ground. The warm air becomes 6 when it goes up, and the vapour in it changes into very small drops of water again. There are millions and millions of these small drops in a 7 . The small drops come together into bigger and bigger drops. Our raindrop is one of them. Then the drop 8 so big that it is too 9 to stay in the cloud, and it falls to the ground. In this way, the water of our raindrop starts 10 to the sea again. 1．A．drops B．carries C．runs D．lets 2．A．lake B．river C．air D．sea 3．A．water B．sun C．air D．earth 4．A．meets B．takes C．sees D．brings 5．A．tall B．high C．wide D．deep 6．A．warm B．small C．cool D．big 7．A．cloud B．air C．sky D．sea 8．A．comes B．changes C．becomes D．falls 9．A．big B．heavy C．small D．light 10．A．dropping B．falling C．staying D．traveling 【答案】 1．B 2．D 3．B 4．A 5．B 6．C 7．A 8．C 9．B 10．D 【导语】本文是一篇科普类文章，主要讲述了雨水从云层中落下，经过河流、海洋，再蒸发成水蒸气，最终又形成雨滴回到地面的循环过程。 1．句意：小溪将它带到一条大河。 drops 掉落；carries 携带；runs 跑；lets 让。根据“The small river...it to a big river”可知，小溪将雨水带到一条大河。故选B。 2．句意：然后雨滴向东流入大海。 lake 湖；river 河；air 空气；sea 海。根据“Then the water of the raindrop is at the top of the sea”可知，应是雨滴最终进入大海。故选D。 3．句意：由于太阳使它变得非常温暖，它变成了水蒸气。 water 水；sun 太阳；air 空气；earth 地球。根据“...makes it very warm, it changes into vapour”可知，应是太阳使水变暖。故选B。 4．句意：在路上，暖空气遇到了一些冷空气。 meets 遇到；takes 拿；sees 看见；brings 带来。根据“the warm air...some cold air”可知，应是暖空气遇到冷空气。故选A。 5．句意：冷空气使暖空气向地面高处移动。 tall 高；high 高；wide 宽；deep 深。根据“The warm air becomes... when it goes up”可知，暖空气向高处移动。故选B。 6．句意：暖空气上升时变得凉爽，其中的水蒸气再次变成小水滴。 warm 温暖；small 小；cool 凉爽；big 大。根据“The warm air becomes....when it goes up, and the vapour in it changes into very small drops of water again”可知，水蒸气液化成小水滴，说明暖空气上升时变凉。故选C。 7．句意：云中有数百万个这样的小水滴。 cloud 云；air 空气；sky 天空；sea 海。根据“There are millions and millions of these small drops in a...”可知，小水滴在云中。故选A。 8．句意：水滴变得如此之大，以至于太重而无法留在云中。 comes 来；changes 改变；becomes 变得；falls 掉落。根据“Then the drop...so big that ....”可知，水滴变得太大。故选C。 9．句意：水滴变得如此之大，以至于太重而无法留在云中。 big 大；heavy 重；small 小；light 轻。根据“so big that it is too...to stay in the cloud”可知，应是水滴变得太重而无法留在云中。故选B。 10．句意：这样，我们的雨滴的水又开始了大海之旅。 dropping 掉落；falling 掉落；staying 停留；traveling 旅行。根据“A drop of rain falls from a cloud and then runs into a small river....Then the raindrop travels far to the east into the”和“In this way, the water of our raindrop starts to....the sea again”可知，雨滴的水再次开始了大海之旅。故选D。 Passage 2 Boyan Slat has been dreaming of cleaning up the world’s oceans for a long time. In 2010, he went on a diving (潜水) vacation in Greece and was shocked. “I saw more plastic bags than fish in the water,” he said. From then on, Slat began to pay more attention to ocean pollution. He decided to give up higher education and set up the Ocean Clean-up, a non-governmental organization. Its purpose is to clean up ocean rubbish. He has set up the world’s first ocean clean-up system (系统) with his team. Every year, over 8 million tons of plastic end up in our oceans, and it can take up to 500 years to break down. In 2018, the World Economic Forum predicted that the weight of ocean plastic would match that of all the fish in our oceans by 2050. Sea animals easily get caught in plastic. They can’t move. They can even die if they eat it. Smaller plastic pieces can also enter the food chain (链) and end up in our bodies. Slat’s plan was to create an environmentally friendly, large system to clear out plastic rubbish from the ocean. After seven years of tests, on October 2nd, 2019, a machine called System 001/B came out. It successfully caught and collected a large amount of plastic rubbish floating in the ocean. Slat and his team are working to improve System 001/B．Their dream is to clear out 90 percent of all the ocean plastic by 2040. 1．What did Boyan Slat care more about after his vacation in Greece? A．Diving. B．Plastic bags. C．Ocean pollution. D．Higher education. 2．How long does it take for plastic in the ocean to break down? A．More than 7 years. B．Up to 30 years. C．Less than 40 years. D．Up to 500 years. 3．How did System 001/B do? A．It collected much plastic rubbish in the ocean. B．It dealt with all the rubbish in the ocean. C．It cleared out rubbish everywhere. D．It cleared out 90% of the plastic. 4．What’s the main idea of the passage? A．Animals and humans. B．Plastic problems. C．Life in the future. D．Air pollution. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文讲述博扬·斯莱特因潜水目睹海洋塑料污染，创立组织研发清理系统，致力于清除海洋塑料垃圾。 1．细节理解题。根据“From then on, Slat began to pay more attention to ocean pollution.”可知，他在希腊度假后更加关注海洋污染。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据“Every year, over 8 million tons of plastic end up in our oceans, and it can take up to 500 years to break down.”可知，每年有超过800万吨塑料进入海洋，而塑料可能需要长达500年才能分解。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据“It successfully caught and collected a large amount of plastic rubbish floating in the ocean.”可知，001/B系统成功收集了海洋中的大量塑料垃圾。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。根据全文内容可知，文章围绕海洋塑料污染问题以及博扬·斯莱特的治理行动展开。故选B。 Passage 3 You may have heard the saying “The Yangtze River is China’s mother river”. It’s almost 6,400 kilometres long. As the world’s third-longest river, it covers one-fifth of China’s land area. The Yangtze River Economic Zone (长江经济带) covers eleven provinces and cities, making up about 40 percent of China’s total population and GDP. On December 26, China passed the Yangtze River Protection Law, which came into force on March 1, 2021. It is the first law to protect a waterway in China. The mother river is in great need of protection because something is wrong with it. For example, because of overfishing and water pollution, the river’s Chinese paddlefish has died out there. There’s also desertified land and soil pollution near the river. According to the law, fishing will not be allowed in all of the Yangtze’s natural waterways, including its major tributaries (支流) and lakes. Those who are caught fishing will be fined (罚款) 50,000 to 500,000 yuan. Digging sand will be strictly limited (限制) in the river. Many companies are digging sand along the river. However, this has led to lower water levels on the river, which has caused the river’s water quality to decline. Companies and factories along the river will need to focus on green development. If their activities do harm to the waterways, they will be moved away, the law says. 1．What does the first paragraph tell us about the Yangtze River? A．How old it is. B．Why it’s important. C．What problems it has. D．Where it joins the sea. 2．What does Paragraph 3 explain? A．Why the river needs protection. B．How the river is being polluted. C．When Chinese paddlefish died out. D．How the river will be protected. 3．What does the underlined word “decline” in Paragraph 5 mean? A．Become better. B．Become worse. C．Be hard to test. D．Be easy to control. 4．According to the passage, which of the following is true about protecting the river? A．People can’t fish in the river’s major tributaries. B．Digging sand will not be allowed in the river anymore. C．Companies along the river will be moved to other places. D．Anyone who causes pollution will be fined at least 50,000 yuan. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文介绍了长江作为中国“母亲河”的重要地位，以及它目前面临的生态问题，为了保护这条重要的水道，中国颁布了首部水道保护法 ——《长江保护法》，并详细说明了该法律的主要措施。 1．主旨大意题。根据“The Yangtze River is China’s mother river”以及“It’s almost 6,400 kilometres long. As the world’s third-longest river, it covers one-fifth of China’s land area. The Yangtze River Economic Zone (长江经济带) covers eleven provinces and cities, making up about 40 percent of China’s total population and GDP.”可知，本段主要讲述了长江为什么重要。故选B。 2．主旨大意题。根据“The mother river is in great need of protection because something is wrong with it.”并举例说明过度捕捞和水污染导致白鲟灭绝，还有土地沙化和土壤污染等问题可知，此处解释了长江需要保护的原因。故选A。 3．词句猜测题。根据“Digging sand will be strictly limited... this has led to lower water levels on the river, which has caused the river’s water quality to decline.”可知，采砂导致河流水位降低，进而影响水质，水位降低通常会使水质变差，“decline”在这里的意思是“变差”。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据“According to the law, fishing will not be allowed in all of the Yangtze’s natural waterways, including its major tributaries...”可知，在长江的主要支流也不允许捕鱼，A项正确。故选A。 Passage 4 We should save water. How to save water? Saving water is an important part of going green. Protecting the water becomes more and more important because water becomes less and people pollute more water. Wasting water means that people need to clean more water. It requires quite a lot of energy. Cutting down on water usage (使用) is one of the most important things we can do for the environment. That is why more families are cutting down their water footprint by conserving (储藏) and harvesting (收集) water. We can start with little things, such as turning off the tap while brushing teeth and washing our vegetables in a bowl rather than under a tap. Make sure that the taps are fully turned off every time we step away from the shower—all those little drips (水滴) can add up to a lot of water waste. Another way of cutting down our water footprint is rainwater harvesting. It can meet a lot of our home’s water needs. Many of us have already practised rainwater harvesting in a small way. Collecting water from your gutters (檐沟) is a great way to keep our garden green. 1．What does the underlined word “requires” mean? A．Finds. B．Needs. C．Produces. D．Pollutes. 2．Which of the following is NOT the reason (原因) why people should save water? A．Cleaning waste water uses too much energy. B．The water on Earth is becoming less. C．People pollute more and more water. D．There is little rainwater for us to use. 3．What can we know from the passage? A．We can get lots of water by rainwater harvesting. B．Most people pay no attention to saving water. C．We can’t practise rainwater harvesting in a big way. D．Harvesting water is more important than conserving it. 4．Which of the following is the best title for this passage? A．Save water by turning off the tap B．How to save water C．Keep your garden green with rainwater D．When to save water at home 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文介绍节约用水的重要性，并给出日常节水和收集雨水两种节水方法，倡导环保生活。 1．词句猜测题。根据“Wasting water means that people need to clean more water.”可知，浪费水意味着需要净化更多水，这会需要大量能源，requires意为“需要”。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“Protecting the water becomes more and more important because water becomes less and people pollute more water. Wasting water means that people need to clean more water. It requires quite a lot of energy.”可知，文中提到节水原因是水资源变少、水污染加剧、净化废水耗能多，未提及雨水少。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据“Another way of cutting down our water footprint is rainwater harvesting. It can meet a lot of our home’s water needs.”可知，收集雨水能满足很多家庭用水需求，即可以获得大量水。故选A。 4．最佳标题题。根据“How to save water?”以及后文介绍的节水方法可知，全文围绕如何节约用水展开，最佳标题为“How to save water”。故选B。 Passage 5 阅读短文，从短文下面方框中的六个句子中选择五个还原到短文中，使短文通顺完整、衔接自然。 Small changes can make a big difference (差异). Our Earth needs our care, and even small actions can bring big changes. 1 Save Water Don’t let the water keep running while you’re brushing your teeth. If you turn it off and use a cup of water to wash your mouth, you’ll save a lot of water! You can also save water outside your home. 2 This water from nature can be used to water flowers. These simple acts can save tons of water every year. Reuse Shopping Bags If you reuse your shopping bags when you go to the supermarket, you’ll save money and protect (保护) the Earth. 3 Remember, plastic (塑料) bags hurt the Earth. If people don’t stop throwing (扔) away plastic, the Earth will get worse. Give Away Old Things 4 You can tell your family to do the same. They may not want to use an old mobile or a computer. But that doesn’t mean you should throw them away. 5 For example, your old clothes can be given to children in need, and your old storybooks can be read by other kids. Let’s all work together to care for our Earth. Every small step counts! A．Turn off the lights. B．Try to collect some water when it rains. C．Think before you throw things away. D．Here are some small things you can do to protect the Earth. E．Other people might use them and find them helpful. F．Just keep them and bring them with you the next time you shop. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．F 4．C 5．E 【导语】本文主要介绍了通过日常生活中的小改变来保护地球的几种方法，包括节约用水、重复使用购物袋和捐赠旧物等。 1．根据后文列举的具体行动可知，此处应是引出下文行动的句子，选项D“以下是一些你能做的保护地球的小事”符合语境。故选D。 2．根据上文“You can also save water outside your home.”和下文“These water from nature can be used to water flowers.”可知，此处需补充节约水的具体方法，选项B“下雨时尽量收集一些水”符合语境。故选B。 3．根据上文“If you reuse your shopping bags when you go to the supermarket, you’ll save money and protect (保护) the Earth.”可知，需要进一步解释如何做，且与“购物袋”相关，选项F“把它们留着，下次购物时带上”符合语境。故选F。 4．根据段落标题“Give Away Old Things”可知，该段落的首句需与“捐赠旧物”的主题相关，选项C“扔东西之前先想一想”符合语境，与“捐赠”的逻辑一致。故选C。 5．根据下文“For example, your old clothes can be given to children in need, and your old storybooks can be read by other kids.”可知，旧物也是有价值的，选项E“其他人可能会用到它们，并且觉得它们很有用”符合语境。故选E。 Passage 6 根据短文内容，回答下面问题。 Most of you may think of clams (河蚌) as part of delicious food. But these little things can do an important job: testing (测试) the cleanliness (洁净度) of water in nature and people’s drinking water. The important water plant in Warsaw, Poland, gives water to its people there. It uses eight clams to help test the water every day. Clams can find very small changes quickly in water. If the water is not very clean, the clams will close their shells (壳). People in the water station connect (连接) their shells to a computer. When four or more clams close their shells at the same time, the workers can get a tip (提示) from the computer quickly. To make the clams always find very small changes quickly in water, the workers choose some new ones to work for them every three months. “It works well and it helps save people’s drinking water, rivers and lakes,” the worker in the water station said. 1．What important job can clams do according to the text (根据文章)? 2．How many clams do the people in Warsaw use to test the water? 3．When can the workers get a tip from the computer? 4．Why do workers change clams every three months? 5．What do you think of the clams’ work? 【答案】1．They can test the cleanliness of water in nature and people’s drinking water./But these little things can do an important job: testing the cleanliness of water in nature and people’s drinking water. 2．Eight./They use eight (clams)./They use eight clams to help test the water every day. 3．When four or more clams close their shells at the same time./When four or more clams close their shells at the same time, the workers can get a tip from the computer quickly. 4．To make the clams always find very small changes quickly in water, the workers choose some new ones to work for them every three months./Because they want to make the clams always find very small changes quickly in water. 5．Helpful./Important./Useful. 【导语】本文主要介绍了河蚌可以帮助检测水的清洁度。 1．根据“But these little things can do an important job: testing (测试) the cleanliness (洁净度) of water in nature and people’s drinking water.”可知，河蚌可以测试自然界中水和人们饮用水的清洁度。故填They can test the cleanliness of water in nature and people’s drinking water. /But these little things can do an important job: testing the cleanliness of water in nature and people’s drinking water. 2．根据“The important water plant in Warsaw, Poland, gives water to its people there. It uses eight clams to help test the water every day.”可知，工作人员每天用八个河蚌来帮助测试。故填Eight./They use eight (clams)./They use eight clams to help test the water every day. 3．根据“When four or more clams close their shells at the same time, the workers can get a tip (提示) from the computer quickly.”可知，当四个或更多的河蚌同时闭上壳，工人可以很快从电脑上得到提示。When four or more clams close their shells at the same time./When four or more clams close their shells at the same time, the workers can get a tip from the computer quickly. 4．根据“To make the clams always find very small changes quickly in water, the workers choose some new ones to work for them every three months. ”可知，工人每三个月换一次河蚌是为了让河蚌总是在水中快速地发现微小的变化。故填To make the clams always find very small changes quickly in water, the workers choose some new ones to work for them every three months./Because they want to make the clams always find very small changes quickly in water. 5．开放性作答，结合实际，言之有理即可。参考答案为：Helpful./Important./Useful. $Unit 5 Water is life 话题阅读精练 模块 语篇 题型 体裁 词数 内容简介 时文 阅读 Passage1 阅读理解 说明文 296 介绍全球淡水短缺现状、世界水日意义及中国“河长制”等治水举措。 Passage2 阅读理解 说明文 172 说明人日均应喝八杯水，但多数人饮水不足；老人尤甚，原因尚不明确，强调水关乎健康。 实战 演练 Passage1 完形填空 说明文 195 介绍雨水落地、经江河海洋蒸发成水汽，再形成雨滴的水循环过程。 Passage2 阅读理解 记叙文 251 讲述博扬・斯莱特因潜水目睹海洋塑料污染，创立组织研发系统清理海洋塑料垃圾。 Passage3 阅读理解 说明文 229 介绍长江的重要地位与生态问题，说明中国出台《长江保护法》及相关保护措施。 Passage4 阅读理解 说明文 198 强调节水重要性，介绍日常节水、收集雨水等方法，倡导环保生活。 Passage5 六选五 说明文 260 介绍通过节水、重复使用购物袋、捐赠旧物等小事保护地球。 Passage6 阅读问答 说明文 224 介绍河蚌可用于检测水质清洁度。 Passage1时文阅读 No matter who we are, where we are, or what we do, we cannot live without water. It is the source of all life and we need it every day. But in truth we’re facing serious water problems. Although water covers 71 percent of the earth’s surface, we can only use a very small amount of it. Only about 3 percent of the world’s water is fresh water. It’s in lakes, rivers and underground. Today, there are over 663 million people living without a safe water supply close to home, according to the United Nations. To remind people of the importance of water, the UN first set up World Water Day in 1993. It is held on March 22nd each year. And this year’s theme is “wastewater”. According to the UN, wastewater problems make water shortages (短缺) even more serious. Most of the wastewater from our homes, cities, industry and agriculture flows directly back to nature. Instead of letting it pollute the environment, the industries need to treat it first. China takes actions to deal with water problems too. From March 22nd to 28th is the China Water Week, during which the Chinese government promotes (推广) the new policy of  “river chiefs” to the public. Just as every province, city and county (县) has a leader, every river will have a chief too. China passed the policy at the end of 2016 and carried it out nationwide in 2019. Local government heads will be river chiefs. They will be responsible for all rivers and lakes in their regions. They need to make sure that industries treat the wastewater before it goes into nature. They also need to clean up the polluted waters, like the blue algae (蓝藻) pollution in Taihu Lake, Jiangsu. 无论我们是谁、身处何地、从事何种工作，我们都离不开水。水是一切生命之源，我们每天都需要它。但事实上，我们正面临着严峻的水资源问题。 尽管水覆盖了地球表面的 71%，但我们能使用的水量却非常少。全球水资源中只有大约 3% 是淡水，存在于湖泊、河流和地下。据联合国统计，如今有超过 6.63 亿人住所附近没有安全的供水。 为了提醒人们重视水的重要性，联合国于 1993 年首次设立了世界水日，每年 3月22日举办。今年的主题是 “废水”。 联合国表示，废水问题让水资源短缺状况雪上加霜。来自家庭、城市、工业和农业的大部分废水直接回流自然。工业企业不应让废水污染环境，而应先对其进行处理。 中国也采取行动应对水资源问题。3月22日至 28 日是 “中国水周”，在此期间，中国政府向公众推广 “河长制” 新政策。 就像每个省、市、县都有负责人一样，每条河流也将有一名河长。中国于 2016 年底通过这项政策，并于 2019 年在全国推行。地方政府负责人担任河长，对辖区内所有河流、湖泊负责。他们需要确保企业在废水排入自然前先进行处理，还要治理被污染的水体，比如江苏太湖的蓝藻污染。 1．From the second paragraph, we know that ________. A．waste water problems make water shortage even more serious B．fresh water can be found in lots of places like lakes, rivers and underground C．people can live without water for a long time D．there’s much water on the earth so we can use as much as we want 2．________ is set up to remind people of the importance of water. A．World Oceans Day B．World Health Day C．World Environmental Day D．World Water Day 3．Which of the following is true according to the passage? A．Most of the wastewater flows directly back to nature. B．Wastewater flows directly to our homes. C．The policy “river chiefs” was carried out nationwide before 2016. D．Industries have done something to treat the wastewater before it goes into nature. 4．We can find this passage from ________. A．a novel B．a newspaper C．a travel guide D．a fashion magazine 【重难词汇梳理】 2 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 重点单词 source /sɔːs/n. 来源；源泉 serious /ˈsɪəriəs/adj. 严重的 cover /ˈkʌvə(r)/v. 覆盖 surface /ˈsɜːfɪs/n. 表面 fresh /freʃ/adj. 淡水的 supply /səˈplaɪ/n. 供应 remind /rɪˈmaɪnd/v. 提醒 importance /ɪmˈpɔːtns/n. 重要性 theme /θiːm/n. 主题 wastewater /ˈweɪstwɔːtə(r)/n. 废水 shortage /ˈʃɔːtɪdʒ/n. 短缺 industry /ˈɪndəstri/n. 工业 pollute /pəˈluːt/v. 污染 treat /triːt/v. 处理 policy /ˈpɒləsi/n. 政策 responsible /rɪˈspɒnsəbl/adj. 负责的 region /ˈriːdʒən/n. 地区 重点短语 no matter who/where/what 无论谁 / 在哪里 / 什么 in truth 事实上 face water problems 面临水资源问题 a small amount of 少量的 fresh water 淡水 according to 根据 remind sb. of sth. 提醒某人某事 set up 设立 take actions 采取行动 deal with 处理 carry out 执行 be responsible for 对…… 负责 clean up 清理；整治 【长难句分析】 1.No matter who we are, where we are, or what we do, we cannot live without water. 分析：本句是复合句，No matter who/where/what 引导让步状语从句，意为 “无论……”，主句为 we cannot live without water。without 表示 “没有”，作伴随状语。 译文：无论我们是谁、身处何地、从事何种工作，我们都离不开水。 2.Although water covers 71 percent of the earth’s surface, we can only use a very small amount of it. 分析：本句是复合句，Although 引导让步状语从句，意为 “尽管”，主句使用一般现在时。a small amount of 意为 “少量的”，修饰不可数名词。 译文：尽管水覆盖了地球表面的 71%，但我们能使用的水量却非常少。 3.Today, there are over 663 million people living without a safe water supply close to home, according to the United Nations. 分析：本句是 there be 句型，living without… 为现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰 people。according to 意为 “根据”，作插入语。 译文：据联合国统计，如今有超过 6.63 亿人住所附近没有安全的供水。 4.They also need to clean up the polluted waters, like the blue algae pollution in Taihu Lake, Jiangsu. 分析：本句是简单句，like 用于举例，意为 “比如；像”，polluted waters 意为 “被污染的水体”。 译文：他们还要治理被污染的水体，比如江苏太湖的蓝藻污染。 Passage2 We are always told that each of us should drink at least eight glasses of water every day. But most people drink less than six glasses. Even some drink one glass in the morning and one glass in the afternoon. If you do sports, you will need to drink more because you lose a lot of water. A new Australian study shows that older people do not realize they do not drink enough water. Researchers studied 22 men. 10 of them were 23.7 years old on average (平均). 12 of them were 68.1 years old on average. The results showed that the older men drank much less water to stop them feeling thirsty. What causes the problem? The answer is still not known. Some scientists think that older people do not want to drink more because they do not want to wake up in the middle of the night to go to the bathroom. However, water is not just for thirst, but also for health. We all need to remember that. 我们总是被告知，每个人每天至少要喝八杯水。但大多数人喝的水还不到六杯。有些人甚至只在早上喝一杯、下午喝一杯。如果你进行运动，就需要喝更多水，因为身体会流失大量水分。 澳大利亚一项新研究表明，老年人并未意识到自己饮水不足。研究人员对 22 名男性进行了研究：其中 10 人平均年龄 23.7 岁，12 人平均年龄 68.1 岁。结果显示，老年男性为了止渴而喝的水要少得多。 是什么导致了这一问题？答案目前尚不清楚。一些科学家认为，老年人不愿多喝水，是因为不想半夜起床上厕所。 然而，喝水不只是为了解渴，更是为了健康。我们都需要记住这一点。 1．How much water should we drink every day according to the passage? A．Four glasses. B．Two glasses. C．Six glasses. D．At least eight glasses. 2．Why do we need to drink water? A．For thirst. B．For health. C．For fun. D．Both A and B． 3．Why do the old drink less water than the young? A．Because they don’t exercise. B．Because they don’t like drinking. C．Because they don’t feel thirsty. D．We still don’t know the answer. 【重难词汇梳理】 at least 至少 less than 少于，不到 do sports 做运动 lose water 流失水分 study /ˈstʌdi/n. 研究；v. 学习 Australian /ɒˈstreɪliən/adj. 澳大利亚的 older people 老年人 realize /ˈriːəlaɪz/v. 意识到，认识到 researcher /rɪˈsɜːtʃə(r)/n. 研究者，调查人员 on average 平均 result /rɪˈzʌlt/n. 结果 thirsty /ˈθɜːsti/adj. 口渴的 cause /kɔːz/v. 导致，引起；n. 原因 scientist /ˈsaɪəntɪst/n. 科学家 wake up 醒来，起床 in the middle of the night 在半夜 go to the bathroom 上厕所 thirst /θɜːst/n. 口渴，渴 health /helθ/n. 健康 【长难句分析】 1. We are always told that each of us should drink at least eight glasses of water every day. 分析：本句是复合句，主句为被动语态 are told，that 引导宾语从句，作 told 的宾语。be told that… 意为 “被告知……”，each of us 作从句主语。 译文：我们总是被告知，每个人每天至少应该喝八杯水。 2. If you do sports, you will need to drink more because you lose a lot of water. 分析：本句是复合句，if 引导条件状语从句，because 引导原因状语从句，主句使用一般将来时 will need。need to do sth 意为 “需要做某事”，lose water 意为 “流失水分”。 译文：如果你做运动，就需要喝更多水，因为你会流失大量水分。 3. A new Australian study shows that older people do not realize they do not drink enough water. 分析：本句是复合句，主句为 A new Australian study shows，that 引导宾语从句；宾语从句中又嵌套一个省略 that 的宾语从句 they do not drink enough water，作 realize 的宾语。 译文：澳大利亚一项新研究表明，老年人并没有意识到自己喝水不够。 4. However, water is not just for thirst, but also for health. 分析：本句是简单句，使用并列结构 not just… but also…，意为 “不仅…… 而且……”，连接两个介词短语。 译文：然而，水不仅是为了解渴，也是为了健康。 实战演练 Passage1 A drop of rain falls from a cloud and then runs into a small river. The small river 1 it to a big river. Then the raindrop travels far to the east into the 2 . Then the water of the raindrop is at the top of the sea. As the 3 makes it very warm, it changes into vapour. The vapour leaves the sea and goes up into the air. The vapour from the rain drop moves with the warm air to the north. On the way the warm air 4 some cold air. The cold air makes the warm air move 5 above the ground. The warm air becomes 6 when it goes up, and the vapour in it changes into very small drops of water again. There are millions and millions of these small drops in a 7 . The small drops come together into bigger and bigger drops. Our raindrop is one of them. Then the drop 8 so big that it is too 9 to stay in the cloud, and it falls to the ground. In this way, the water of our raindrop starts 10 to the sea again. 1．A．drops B．carries C．runs D．lets 2．A．lake B．river C．air D．sea 3．A．water B．sun C．air D．earth 4．A．meets B．takes C．sees D．brings 5．A．tall B．high C．wide D．deep 6．A．warm B．small C．cool D．big 7．A．cloud B．air C．sky D．sea 8．A．comes B．changes C．becomes D．falls 9．A．big B．heavy C．small D．light 10．A．dropping B．falling C．staying D．traveling Passage 2 Boyan Slat has been dreaming of cleaning up the world’s oceans for a long time. In 2010, he went on a diving (潜水) vacation in Greece and was shocked. “I saw more plastic bags than fish in the water,” he said. From then on, Slat began to pay more attention to ocean pollution. He decided to give up higher education and set up the Ocean Clean-up, a non-governmental organization. Its purpose is to clean up ocean rubbish. He has set up the world’s first ocean clean-up system (系统) with his team. Every year, over 8 million tons of plastic end up in our oceans, and it can take up to 500 years to break down. In 2018, the World Economic Forum predicted that the weight of ocean plastic would match that of all the fish in our oceans by 2050. Sea animals easily get caught in plastic. They can’t move. They can even die if they eat it. Smaller plastic pieces can also enter the food chain (链) and end up in our bodies. Slat’s plan was to create an environmentally friendly, large system to clear out plastic rubbish from the ocean. After seven years of tests, on October 2nd, 2019, a machine called System 001/B came out. It successfully caught and collected a large amount of plastic rubbish floating in the ocean. Slat and his team are working to improve System 001/B．Their dream is to clear out 90 percent of all the ocean plastic by 2040. 1．What did Boyan Slat care more about after his vacation in Greece? A．Diving. B．Plastic bags. C．Ocean pollution. D．Higher education. 2．How long does it take for plastic in the ocean to break down? A．More than 7 years. B．Up to 30 years. C．Less than 40 years. D．Up to 500 years. 3．How did System 001/B do? A．It collected much plastic rubbish in the ocean. B．It dealt with all the rubbish in the ocean. C．It cleared out rubbish everywhere. D．It cleared out 90% of the plastic. 4．What’s the main idea of the passage? A．Animals and humans. B．Plastic problems. C．Life in the future. D．Air pollution. Passage 3 You may have heard the saying “The Yangtze River is China’s mother river”. It’s almost 6,400 kilometres long. As the world’s third-longest river, it covers one-fifth of China’s land area. The Yangtze River Economic Zone (长江经济带) covers eleven provinces and cities, making up about 40 percent of China’s total population and GDP. On December 26, China passed the Yangtze River Protection Law, which came into force on March 1, 2021. It is the first law to protect a waterway in China. The mother river is in great need of protection because something is wrong with it. For example, because of overfishing and water pollution, the river’s Chinese paddlefish has died out there. There’s also desertified land and soil pollution near the river. According to the law, fishing will not be allowed in all of the Yangtze’s natural waterways, including its major tributaries (支流) and lakes. Those who are caught fishing will be fined (罚款) 50,000 to 500,000 yuan. Digging sand will be strictly limited (限制) in the river. Many companies are digging sand along the river. However, this has led to lower water levels on the river, which has caused the river’s water quality to decline. Companies and factories along the river will need to focus on green development. If their activities do harm to the waterways, they will be moved away, the law says. 1．What does the first paragraph tell us about the Yangtze River? A．How old it is. B．Why it’s important. C．What problems it has. D．Where it joins the sea. 2．What does Paragraph 3 explain? A．Why the river needs protection. B．How the river is being polluted. C．When Chinese paddlefish died out. D．How the river will be protected. 3．What does the underlined word “decline” in Paragraph 5 mean? A．Become better. B．Become worse. C．Be hard to test. D．Be easy to control. 4．According to the passage, which of the following is true about protecting the river? A．People can’t fish in the river’s major tributaries. B．Digging sand will not be allowed in the river anymore. C．Companies along the river will be moved to other places. D．Anyone who causes pollution will be fined at least 50,000 yuan. Passage 4 We should save water. How to save water? Saving water is an important part of going green. Protecting the water becomes more and more important because water becomes less and people pollute more water. Wasting water means that people need to clean more water. It requires quite a lot of energy. Cutting down on water usage (使用) is one of the most important things we can do for the environment. That is why more families are cutting down their water footprint by conserving (储藏) and harvesting (收集) water. We can start with little things, such as turning off the tap while brushing teeth and washing our vegetables in a bowl rather than under a tap. Make sure that the taps are fully turned off every time we step away from the shower—all those little drips (水滴) can add up to a lot of water waste. Another way of cutting down our water footprint is rainwater harvesting. It can meet a lot of our home’s water needs. Many of us have already practised rainwater harvesting in a small way. Collecting water from your gutters (檐沟) is a great way to keep our garden green. 1．What does the underlined word “requires” mean? A．Finds. B．Needs. C．Produces. D．Pollutes. 2．Which of the following is NOT the reason (原因) why people should save water? A．Cleaning waste water uses too much energy. B．The water on Earth is becoming less. C．People pollute more and more water. D．There is little rainwater for us to use. 3．What can we know from the passage? A．We can get lots of water by rainwater harvesting. B．Most people pay no attention to saving water. C．We can’t practise rainwater harvesting in a big way. D．Harvesting water is more important than conserving it. 4．Which of the following is the best title for this passage? A．Save water by turning off the tap B．How to save water C．Keep your garden green with rainwater D．When to save water at home Passage 5 阅读短文，从短文下面方框中的六个句子中选择五个还原到短文中，使短文通顺完整、衔接自然。 Small changes can make a big difference (差异). Our Earth needs our care, and even small actions can bring big changes. 1 Save Water Don’t let the water keep running while you’re brushing your teeth. If you turn it off and use a cup of water to wash your mouth, you’ll save a lot of water! You can also save water outside your home. 2 This water from nature can be used to water flowers. These simple acts can save tons of water every year. Reuse Shopping Bags If you reuse your shopping bags when you go to the supermarket, you’ll save money and protect (保护) the Earth. 3 Remember, plastic (塑料) bags hurt the Earth. If people don’t stop throwing (扔) away plastic, the Earth will get worse. Give Away Old Things 4 You can tell your family to do the same. They may not want to use an old mobile or a computer. But that doesn’t mean you should throw them away. 5 For example, your old clothes can be given to children in need, and your old storybooks can be read by other kids. Let’s all work together to care for our Earth. Every small step counts! A．Turn off the lights. B．Try to collect some water when it rains. C．Think before you throw things away. D．Here are some small things you can do to protect the Earth. E．Other people might use them and find them helpful. F．Just keep them and bring them with you the next time you shop. Passage 6 根据短文内容，回答下面问题。 Most of you may think of clams (河蚌) as part of delicious food. But these little things can do an important job: testing (测试) the cleanliness (洁净度) of water in nature and people’s drinking water. The important water plant in Warsaw, Poland, gives water to its people there. It uses eight clams to help test the water every day. Clams can find very small changes quickly in water. If the water is not very clean, the clams will close their shells (壳). People in the water station connect (连接) their shells to a computer. When four or more clams close their shells at the same time, the workers can get a tip (提示) from the computer quickly. To make the clams always find very small changes quickly in water, the workers choose some new ones to work for them every three months. “It works well and it helps save people’s drinking water, rivers and lakes,” the worker in the water station said. 1．What important job can clams do according to the text (根据文章)? 2．How many clams do the people in Warsaw use to test the water? 3．When can the workers get a tip from the computer? 4．Why do workers change clams every three months? 5．What do you think of the clams’ work? $