必修第三册 Unit 2 Morals and Virtues（教师用书word）-【步步高】2025年高考英语大一轮复习讲义（人教版）

Ⅰ.阅读单词——会意 1．moral adj.道德的；道义上的 n．品行；道德；寓意 2．dilemma n．进退两难的境地；困境 3．moral dilemma道德困境 4．entrust vt.委托；交付 5．tuition n．(小组)教学；讲课 6．tuition fees学费 7．physician n．医师；(尤指)内科医生 8．resident physician住院医师 9．colleague n．同事；同僚 10．faraway adj.遥远的 11．kindergarten n．学前班；幼儿园 12．insurance n．保险；保险业 13．import n．进口；进口商品 vt.进口；输入；引进 14．export n．出口；出口商品 vt.出口；输出；传播 15．pole n．(行星的)极；地极 16．lap n．(坐着时的)大腿部；(跑道等的)一圈 17．café n．咖啡馆；小餐馆 18．waitress n．(餐馆的)女服务员；女侍者 19．pregnant adj.怀孕的；妊娠的 20．disguise vt.装扮；假扮；掩盖 n．伪装；化装用具 21．maple n．枫树；槭树 22．cart n．手推车；运货马车 23．spill vt.& vi.(spilt/spilled，spilt/spilled)(使)洒出；(使)溢出 24．might n．力量；威力 25．fable n．寓言；寓言故事 Ⅱ.重点单词——记形 1．virtue n．高尚的道德；美德；优秀品质 2．faint vi.昏倒；晕厥 adj.不清楚的；微弱的 3．illustrate vt.(举例)说明；阐明；给(书或文章)加插图 4．precious adj.珍稀的；宝贵的 5．fee n．专业服务费；报酬 6．union n．协会；联合会；工会 7．hire vt.聘任；雇用；租用 n．租借；租用 8．clinic n．诊所；门诊部 9．decade n．十年；十年期 10．elsewhere adv.在别处；去别处 11．publish vt.发表(作品)；出版 12．staff n．员工；全体职员 13．principle n．道德原则；法则；原则 14．passive adj.被动的；顺从的 15．whisper vi.& vt.悄声说；耳语；低语 n．耳语(声)；低语(声)；传言；谣传 16．midnight n．子夜；午夜 17．bite vt.& vi.(bit，bitten)咬；叮；蜇 n．咬；(咬下的)一口；咬伤 18．lip n．嘴唇 19．chairman n．主席；主持人；董事长 20．chain n．一连串(人或事)；链子；链条 21．limp vi.跛行；一瘸一拐地走 22．tear n．眼泪；泪水 23．despair n．绝望 vi.绝望；感到无望 24．court n．(网球等的)球场；法院；法庭 25．income n．收入；收益 26．per prep.每；每一 27．therefore adv.因此；所以 Ⅲ.拓展单词——悉变 1．marriage n．结婚；婚姻→marry v．(和某人)结婚；嫁；娶 2．majority n．大部分；大多数→major adj.主要的 vi.主修 n．主修课程；少校 3．complain vi.& vt.抱怨；发牢骚→complaint n．抱怨；投诉 4．respond vt.回答；回复 vi.做出反应；回应→response n．反应；回答；回复 5．scholarship n．奖学金→scholar n．学者 6．reject vt.拒绝接受；不录用→rejection n．拒绝接受；否决 7．appoint vt.任命；委派→appointment n．约会；任命；委任→appointed adj.约定的；指定的 8．elect vt.选举；推选→election n．选举；推选；当选 9．tend vt.照顾；照料 vi.倾向；趋于→tendency n．趋势；趋向 10．retire vt.& vi.退休；退职；退出→retirement n．退休→retired adj.退休的 11．saving n．节省物；节省；节约；[pl.]储蓄金；存款→save vt.救；节省；储蓄 12．scared adj.害怕的；对……感到惊慌或恐惧的→scare vt.惊吓；使害怕 vi.受惊吓→scary adj.吓人的；恐怖的 13．sharp adj.(增长、下跌等)急剧的；锋利的；明显的→sharply adv.急剧地；严厉地→sharpen vt.削尖；磨快；使提高 14．energetic adj.精力充沛的；充满活力的→energy n．精力；活力；能量 15．replace vt.接替；取代；更换→replacement n．更换；更替；替换的人/物 16．accident n．事故；车祸；失事→accidental adj.意外的；偶然的→accidentally adv.偶然地 17．operation n．手术；企业；经营→operate vt.& vi.做手术；经营；操作；运转→operator n．操作员；接线员；经营者 18．assist vt.帮助；援助→assistant n．助理；助手→assistance n．帮助；援助 19．memory n．记忆力；回忆→memoriz(s)e vt.记住；记忆 20．harm n．& vt.伤害；损害→harmful adj.有害的→harmfully adv.有害地→harmless adj.无害的 21．flexible adj.灵活的；可变通的→flexibly adv.灵活地→flexibility n．灵活性 22．tension n．紧张关系；紧张；焦虑→tense adj.紧张的；(尤指肌肉、身体)拉紧的 n．(动词的)时态 1．exclude /Ik'skluːd/ vt.把……排斥在外；防止……进入；不包括；排除 2．hatred /'heItrId/ n．仇恨；憎恨；厌恶 3．marvellous (NAmE marvelous) /'mɑːvələs/ adj.极好的；非凡的 4．underlying /ˌʌndə'laIIŋ/ adj.隐含的；潜在的 5．depict /dI'pIkt/ vt.描述；描写；描绘 6．temptation /temp'teIʃn/ n．引诱；诱惑(物) 7．beloved /bI'lʌvId/ adj.钟爱的；深受喜爱的 n．心爱的人 8．flaw /flɔː/ n．错误；缺点；裂痕 9．discouraged /dIs'kʌrIdʒd/ adj.泄气的；心灰意冷的→discourage /dIs'kʌrIdʒ/ vt.使灰心；使泄气；阻拦 10．prompt /prɒmpt/ vt.促使；导致 adj.立即的；迅速的；敏捷 n．(给演员的)提词，提示 Ⅳ.背核心短语 1．carry sb through sth 帮助某人渡过难关 2．tend to do sth 易于做某事；往往会发生某事 3．first aid急救 4．pass away去世 5．in memory of作为对……的纪念 6．trip over被……绊倒 7．in tears流着泪；含着泪 8．in despair处于绝望中 9．a great deal (of) 大量 10．choose to do sth选择做某事 11．care for喜欢；照顾 12．succeed in doing sth成功地做某事 13．be responsible for为……负责 14．make an attempt to do sth尝试做某事；努力做某事 Ⅴ.悟经典句式 1．To a person nothing is more precious than their life...(“否定词＋比较级”表达最高级含义) 对一个人来说，没有什么比他们的生命更加珍贵了…… 2．She immediately became the first woman ever to be hired as a resident physician in the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital.(the＋序数词＋n.＋to do) 她随即成为北京协和医院妇产科聘任的第一位女住院医师。 3．Though Lin Qiaozhi never married，she was known as the “mother of ten thousand babies”，having delivered over 50,000 babies in her lifetime.(having done作状语) 虽然林巧稚终身未婚，但是她被称为“万婴之母”，她一生中亲手接生的婴儿有五万多名。 4．Dr Lin did not retire until the day she died,22 April 1983.(not...until...) 林医生坚守在岗位上，直到1983年4月22日她去世的那一天。 5．Nothing good can come to a nation whose people only complain and expect others to solve their problems.(whose引导的定语从句) 如果一个国家的人民只会抱怨，而且总是期待别人来解决他们的问题，那么这个国家就不会有什么好事。 Ⅰ.阅读单词(每小题1分，共7分) 1．moral adj.道德的；道义上的 n．品行；道德；寓意 2．dilemma n．进退两难的境地；困境 3．physician n．医师；(尤指)内科医生 4．insurance n．保险；保险业 5．disguise vt.装扮；假扮；掩盖 n．伪装；化装用具 6．colleague n．同事；同僚 7．spill vt.& vi.(使)洒出；(使)溢出 Ⅱ.重点单词(每小题1分，共14分) 1．virtue n．高尚的道德；美德；优秀品质 2．precious adj.珍稀的；宝贵的 3．decade n．十年；十年期 4．principle n．道德原则；法则；原则 5．whisper vi.& vt.悄声说；耳语；低语 n．耳语(声)；低语(声)；传言；谣传 6．despair n．绝望 vi.绝望；感到无望 7．hire vt.聘任；雇用；租用 n．租借；租用 8．illustrate vt.(举例)说明；阐明；给(书或文章)加插图 9．fee n．专业服务费；报酬 10．income n．收入；收益 11．publish vt.发表(作品)；出版 12．bite vt.& vi.(bit，bitten)咬；叮；蜇 n．咬；(咬下的)一口；咬伤 13．staff n．员工；全体职员 14．limp vi.跛行；一瘸一拐地走 Ⅲ.拓展单词(每小题1.5分，共15分) 1．marriage n．结婚；婚姻→marry v．(和某人)结婚；嫁；娶 2．scholarship n．奖学金→scholar n．学者 3．tend vt.照顾；照料 vi.倾向；趋于→tendency n．趋势；趋向 4．sharp adj.(增长、下跌等)急剧的；锋利的；明显的→sharply adv.急剧地；严厉地→sharpen vt.削尖；磨快；使提高 5．accident n．事故；车祸；失事→accidental adj.意外的；偶然的→accidentally adv.偶然地 6．memory n．记忆力；回忆→memoriz(s)e vt.记住；记忆 7．harm n．& vt.伤害；损害→harmful adj.有害的→harmfully adv.有害地→harmless adj.无害的 8．tension n．紧张关系；紧张；焦虑→tense adj.紧张的；(尤指肌肉、身体)拉紧的 n．(动词的)时态 9．appoint vt.任命；委派→appointment n．约会；任命；委任→appointed adj.约定的；指定的 10．flexible adj.灵活的；可变通的→flexibly adv.灵活地→flexibility n．灵活性 Ⅳ.拔高词汇(每小题1分，共5分) 1．hatred n．仇恨；憎恨；厌恶 2．marvellous (NAmE marvelous) adj.极好的；非凡的 3．depict vt.描述；描写；描绘 4．beloved adj.钟爱的；深受喜爱的 n．心爱的人 5．discouraged adj.泄气的；心灰意冷的→discourage vt.使灰心；使泄气；阻拦 Ⅴ.核心短语(每小题2分，共12分) 1．carry sb through sth帮助某人渡过难关 2．tend to do sth易于做某事；往往会发生某事 3．make an attempt to do sth尝试做某事；努力做某事 4．in memory of作为对……的纪念 5．in tears流着泪；含着泪 6．a great deal (of) 大量 Ⅰ.词形变化填空(每小题2分，共20分) 1．Girls who major in English in our department are in the majority.(major) 2．Although his wife always complains to him about some unimportant matters in life，he is very patient with her constant complaints.(complain) 3．They agreed to elect the young man as their leader.Fortunately，he won the election in the end.(elect) 4．At the sight of the scary scene，the young girl was too scared to move.(scare) 5．Doctors operated on the injured person immediately and the operation was very successful.(operate) 6．When he needed someone to assist him，his assistant came to his assistance.(assist) 7．The boy is always energetic.I’m curious to know where his energy comes from.(energy) 8．After his retirement，the retired resident physician moved to the countryside.(retire) 9．He kicked the door and listened carefully for response，but no one responded to him.(respond) 10．My suggestion got rejected and the rejection made me in low spirits for a long time.(reject) Ⅱ.选词填空(每小题2分，共12分) 1．One woman tripped over the stone and her water pot went crashing to the ground. 2．Owing to his generous assistance，I succeeded in starting the engine again the other day. 3．The reason why I won’t be available at that time as planned is that my grandfather fell ill suddenly yesterday and I have to care for him. 4．We are supposed to be responsible for our own behaviour and try our best to protect the environment. 5．With no one to turn to for help in this strange city，Alice was in despair and wanted to go back to her hometown. 6．Sadly，my grandmother passed away two years ago but I still think of her all the time since her death. Ⅲ.经典句型仿写(每小题3分，共15分) 1．没有什么比在炎热的夏天喝一杯冷饮更好的了。(“否定词＋比较级”表达最高级含义) Nothing can be better than having a cold drink on a hot summer day. 2．我真的很想采访杨利伟，因为他不仅是第一个进入太空的中国人，他也是世界上最伟大的宇航员之一。(the＋序数词＋名词＋to do) I would really like to interview Yang Liwei because he is not only the first Chinese to go into space but also one of the greatest astronauts in the world. 3．读了两年英文报《青年》(Youth)，我提高了我的学习能力。(having done作状语)(2021·新课标Ⅰ，应用文写作) Having read the English newspaper Youth for two years，I have improved my learning ability. 4．直到欣赏完这次展览我才对中国传统绘画的魅力有了很好的理解。(not...until...)(2021·浙江6月，应用文写作) I didn’t have a good understanding of the charm of traditional Chinese paintings until I appreciated the exhibition. 5．我们将举办英语戏剧比赛，目的是丰富我们的课外活动。(whose引导定语从句) We will have an English drama competition，whose aim is to enrich our extra-curricular activities. Li Hua，an energetic medical student，was walking by a kindergarten 1.when an accident happened.A pregnant woman tripped over and fainted.Seeing this，her first response was 2.to conduct(conduct) first aid，but a passer-by whispered to her “Think twice.” She was in a moral dilemma.After a short 3.hesitation(hesitate)，she chose to send the woman to a clinic.A physician who had just retired came to assist her.However，her mother spoke sharp words and complained about this 4.for fear of a blackmail(敲诈)．Li Hua became scared.She had no income，savings or insurance.What if the woman asked her for a great deal of money? Maybe she could earn tuition fees or work as a waitress in a nearby caf．Her scholarship might also help.A chain of terrible thoughts 5.flashing(flash) through her mind，she was almost in despair，and therefore could not sleep 6.until midnight.Her father’s words carried her through the hard time.“Patients tend to entrust a doctor with life and a doctor will save a patient with all the might.What is 7.more precious(precious) than life? How can you reject your duty and ignore your principles？” The following day，she found the pregnant woman’s husband waiting in front of her classroom.He thanked Li Hua again and again in tears.At last，her tension 8.was replaced(replace) with pride.Maybe it was that inner sense of responsibility 9.that made Li Hua get 10.promoted(promote) and make contributions in his career as a doctor decades later. 提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇 respond vt.回答；回复 vi.做出反应；回应 (response n．回答；回复；反应) ·respond to对……做出回应或反应；答复 ·in response to对……的答复；对……做出反应 make a/no response to对……做出回应/不予回答 (1)The union made no response(respond) to my application for a scholarship，which made me in despair. (2)我写信是为了回应你上一封信，在信中你要我就如何策划以“绿色北京”为主题的俱乐部活动提供建议。(2023·北京，书面表达) I am writing in response to your last letter asking me for advice on how to plan a club activity with the theme of “Green Beijing”． (3)每当我向他寻求建议时，他总是立即给我回复。(2020·全国Ⅰ，书面表达) Every time I asked him for advice，he would respond to/make a response to me immediately. appoint vt.任命；委派 (appointment n．约会；任命；预约；委任 appointed adj.约定的；指定的) ·appoint sb as/to be...任命某人为…… appoint sb to do sth 委派某人做某事 ·make/have an appointment (with sb)(与某人)约会/预约 (1)I have something urgent to handle and therefore，I will appoint my brother to meet(meet) you at the airport. (2)得知你已被任命为学生会主席，我真诚地祝贺你。(应用文写作之祝贺信) Learning that you have been appointed as/to be chairman of the student council，I sincerely congratulate you. (3)很抱歉我不能陪你去书店，因为我已经预约了牙医。 I am terribly sorry for not accompanying you to the bookstore，for I have made an appointment with my dentist. tend vt.照顾；照料 vi.倾向；趋于(tendency n．趋势；趋向) ·tend to do...倾向于做……；往往做…… ·have a tendency to do...有做某事的倾向 (1)There is a growing tendency(tend) for people to work at home instead of in offices. (2)我写信向手术后细心照顾我母亲的护士们表示衷心的感谢。(应用文写作之感谢信) I am writing to express my sincere thanks to the nurses who tended my mother carefully after the operation. (3)虽然我不愿意承认，但人们最初往往倾向于根据外表来评判一个人。 While I hate to admit it，people tend/have a tendency to judge a person by his or her appearance initially. scare vt.惊吓；使害怕 vi.受惊吓 (scared adj.害怕的；对……感到惊慌或恐惧的 scary adj.吓人的；恐怖的) ·scare sb into doing sth 恐吓某人做某事 scare...away/off 把……吓跑 ·be scared to do sth 害怕/不敢做某事 be scared of sb/sth 害怕某人/某事 be scared to death吓得要死 (1)After watching a scary(scare) film in the cinema，she was scared of walking home alone and therefore，she called a taxi. (2)新年期间的一个习俗是燃放烟花，据说这是为了吓跑年兽。 One of the old customs during the New Year is setting off fireworks，which is said to scare away/off the monster Nian. (3)当我意识到那头熊要回来攻击我们的时候，我几乎要吓死了。(2020·浙江7月，读后续写) When I realized that the bear was coming back to attack us，I was nearly scared to death. (4)意识到自己的错误后，我胆怯地低下了头，不敢看父亲那张阴云密布的脸。(读后续写之心理描写) Having realized my mistake，I bowed my head timidly, scared to look at my father’s cloudy face.(形容词短语作状语) assist vt.帮助；援助 (assistance n．帮助；援助 assistant n．助手；助理) ·assist sb to do sth 帮助某人做某事 assist sb with/in sth 在某方面帮助某人 ·come/go to one’s assistance来/去援助某人 with the assistance of...在……的帮助下 (1)I am writing to convey my sincere gratitude to your shop assistant who came to my assistance when I fainted in your shop.(assist) (2)作为对你上封信的回复，我确保我会在英语口语方面帮你。首先，我会帮你改正你的发音。(应用文写作之回复求助信) In response to your last letter，I make sure that I will assist you with/in your oral English.Firstly，I will assist you to correct your pronunciation. (3)正是在你的慷慨帮助下，我成功地赢得了选举，并被任命为学生会主席。 It was with your generous assistance that I succeeded in winning the election and was appointed as chairman of the student council.(强调句式) harm n．& vt.伤害；损害(harmful adj.有害的 harmless adj.无害的；不致伤害的) ·do sb harm/do harm to sb 对某人有害 There is no harm (in) doing sth.做某事无害处。 ·be harmful to对……有害 (1)The physician says that the medicine is harmful to children but harmless(harm) to adults. (2)沉迷于网络游戏对我们的身心健康有害。因此，戒掉它没有害处。(2021·全国乙，书面表达) Being addicted to online games is harmful to/does harm to our physical and mental health. Therefore，there is no harm (in) getting rid of it. “否定词＋比较级”表达最高级含义 　To a person nothing is more precious than their life...对一个人来说，没有什么比他们的生命更加珍贵了…… 本句中形容词比较级与否定词连用，表达最高级含义，意为：没有比……更……的了。常用的否定词有：no，not，never，nothing，nobody，hardly等。 (1)The judge exclaimed，“Your story is perfect and I’ve never heard a better(good) one.” (2)对我们来说，没有什么比向处在困境中的人传递善意更重要的了。(读后续写之升华句) To us，nothing is more important than passing on kindness to those in trouble. (3)“我从来没吃过比这更美味的早餐了！”妈妈激动地回答道。(2021·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写) “I have never had a more delicious breakfast than this one！” the mother responded excitedly. the＋序数词＋n.＋to do　She immediately became the first woman ever to be hired as a resident physician in the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital.她随即成为北京协和医院妇产科聘任的第一位女住院医师。 ·此句中的不定式to be hired...作后置定语，修饰名词woman。当中心词是序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级等修饰或前面有the only，the last，the right等时，常用动词不定式作后置定语。 ·在time，way，chance，ability，promise，attempt等名词后，常用不定式作后置定语，表示将要发生的动作。 (1)There was no signal in that faraway village and all my attempts to contact(contact) you failed. (2)我不能错过这样一个增进彼此了解的宝贵机会。 I can’t afford to miss such a precious chance to strengthen each other’s understanding. (3)我能说一口流利的英语，而且我是班上唯一一个出国深造的学生。毫无疑问我是负责这项工作的最佳人选。(应用文写作之申请信) I can speak fluent English and I am the only student in my class to go abroad for further study.There is no doubt that I am the best person to be responsible for the job. (4)约翰是第一个想出做爆米花帮助伯纳德挣外快的人。他相信他有能力帮助伯纳德走出困境。(2020·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写) John was the first person to think of making popcorn to help Bernard earn some extra money.He was convinced that he had the ability to help Bernard out of the difficulty. 提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇 Ⅰ.一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍 1．sharp A.adj.急剧的　B.adj.敏锐的　C.adj.锋利的　D.adv.整点地　E.adj.急转的　F.adj.声音突然而响亮的 (1)Suddenly，Ziyad let out a sharp cry.Within seconds，he’d slid down the trunk and was back on the ground.(2023·浙江1月) F (2)Recently there has been a sharp decline in interest in gardening throughout the town. A (3)I was approaching a fairly sharp bend that swept downhill to the left. E (4)She planned to unlock the shop at 8：00 sharp the next morning. D (5)I got a seat opposite a middle-aged man with sharp eyes，who kept watching a young woman in a window seat with a little boy on her lap.(2021·北京) B (6)She had her finger cut by a sharp knife by accident while she was cutting potatoes. C 2．operation (1)The police have launched a major operation against drug suppliers. D (2)Regular servicing guarantees the smooth operation of the engine. C (3)I have been working in a huge multinational operation ever since graduation. E (4)Costs would be cut and operations would be more efficient across the board.(2022·全国乙) B (5)We had a woman patient who was recovering from a knee replacement operation.(2021·全国乙) A 3．快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的汉语意思 (1)I think the moral of the story is to let people mind their own behaviors.寓意 (2)We will play basketball for half an hour in a basketball court.球场 (3)When we tear one page from the calendar，it means our life has been shortened by one day.撕掉 (4)The dog was chained to the leg of the one solid garden seat.用锁链拴住 (5)Strano’s team found that they could create a faint light for three-and-a-half hours.(2020·全国Ⅰ)微弱的 Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识 1．It’s typical of him to respond to others’ requests in spite of his own business. 2．Never have I experienced a more exciting(exciting) moment than now. 3．His colleagues assisted him to decorate(decorate) the house for his wedding. 4．We appointed her to represent(represent) us to send our congratulations at the wedding ceremony. 5．The majority(major) are in favor of my proposal while a minority of them are against it. 6．When the boss arrived，the joyful atmosphere was replaced by/with a serious one. 7.After all，it is immoral to take advantage of others’ weaknesses to do harm to them. 8．The most energetic(energy) and significant festivals are those that look forward to the end of winter and the coming of spring. 9．The saying “Once bitten(bite)，twice shy” is a classic portrayal(写照) of how people can be affected by shadows. 10．The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere where his employees can enjoy their work. 你校正在组织英语作文比赛。请以身边值得尊敬和爱戴的人为题，写一篇短文参赛，内容包括： 1.人物简介； 2.尊敬和爱戴的原因。 完成句子 1．说到我最尊敬的人，我首先想到的是我的英语老师——王老师。(不定式作后置定语) 2．她是一位热心、敬业的老师，把我们当作她的孩子一样照顾和教导。(定语从句；tend) 3．作为十几岁的学生，我们有时候会陷入迷茫和绝望的境地。(where引导定语从句；in despair) 4．每当我们遇到困难时，总是她带我们度过艰难的时期。(强调句式；carry sb through) 5．她赢得了我们所有学生的尊敬，在我们心中她是最美的老师。(否定词＋比较级) 组句成篇 把以上句子用适当的过渡词语和过渡句组成一篇80词左右的短文。 参考范文 The Person I Respect When it comes to the person I respect most，the first one to come into my mind is my English teacher Miss Wang.She is a warm-hearted and dedicated teacher，who tends and instructs us as if we were her children.She has a flexible teaching method.When I encounter problems in English learning，she listens to me patiently and explains them carefully，helping me overcome the difficulties.As teenage students，we are sometimes put into situations where we get lost and fall in despair.Whenever we are in trouble，it is always her who carries us through the tough period.She has won great respect from all us students and in our mind，no one is more beautiful than her. 教材语料整合 亮 词 [情感描写]　dilemma；complain；passive；scared；sharp；in memory of；in tears；in despair；tension [人物描写]　moral；virtue；precious；energetic；pregnant；flexible；appoint；elect；whisper；pass away；assist；replace 美 句 1.As a five-year-old girl，Lin Qiaozhi was deeply affected by her mother’s death.At age 18，instead of following the traditional path of marriage like the majority of girls，she chose to study medicine.(人物描写) 2.She was more interested in tending patients，publishing medical research on care for women and children，and training the next generation of doctors.(动作描写) 3.Nothing good can come to a nation whose people only complain and expect others to solve their problems.(哲理感悟) 4.The king was in despair.(情感描写) 5.Early one morning，the king disguised himself and went to a local village.He placed a large stone in the middle of the main street and hid gold coins under the stone.Then he hid behind a huge maple tree and watched.(动作描写) 拓展语料积累　动作细节描写：哭泣流泪(一) 单 词 weep v．哭泣；water v．流泪；sob v．呜咽；moan v．呻吟；sniffle v．(因哭泣)抽鼻子；wail/bawl v．放声大哭 词 块 be bathed in tears 泪流满面；fight/hold back tears抑制眼泪；be in floods of tears泪如泉涌；burst into tears/burst out crying突然哭起来；shed tears流泪；choke up哽咽；cry one’s eyes/heart out悲痛欲绝；cry bitter/lonely tears留下痛苦/孤独的泪水；sob/weep with one’s face buried in one’s hands掩面哭泣 句 型 1.Jane turned to me with tears in her eyes，and begged me to help her.(with复合结构)简眼里含着泪水转向我，恳求我帮帮她。 2.Bill fought back his tears and tried to comfort Sarah’s mother.比尔抑制住泪水，并试图安慰桑拉的母亲。 3.Her hands were shaking.She was on the verge of tears but Paul didn’t realize that.她的手在颤抖。她快要哭出来了，但保罗没有意识到这一切。 4.Cecil came round later，crying his eyes out，asking me to forgive him.赛西尔后来来了，哭得很伤心，请求我原谅他。 语料运用　积极的人生态度 Susan was caught in a car accident and fainted.She finally came to life after a chain of operations but went blind forever，①which threw her in the depth of despair(定语从句)．Scared to face the future，② she often sobbed/wept with her face buried in her hands (with复合结构)．Seeing his wife ③bathed in tears(分词短语作宾补)，her husband，Mark，was heartbroken.He tended her with great care and ④determined to assist her to regain strength and confidence and step out of such a passive dilemma.He bought her a guide dog，encouraged her to learn Braille and ⑤accompanied her to join in community activities.Gradually，⑥Susan’s tension was replaced by confidence.She whispered gently，“Mark，thank you.⑦It is you that/who carry me through the tough situation(强调句式)．” 苏珊在一场车祸中晕倒了。经过一系列的手术后，她终于活了过来，但却永远失明，这让她陷入了绝望的深渊。因为害怕面对未来，她经常掩面哭泣。看到妻子泪流满面，丈夫马克心碎了。他非常细心地照顾她，决心帮助她恢复力量和信心，走出困境。他给她买了一只导盲犬，鼓励她学习盲文，并陪她参加社区活动。渐渐地，苏珊的紧张情绪被自信所取代。她轻声说：“马克，谢谢你。是你帮助我渡过了难关。” 高考题型组合练 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A For children，space is magical—a whole world is out there，with so many things to learn and stories to read.Here are some children’s books about space and the solar system. Mae among the Stars by Stasia Burrington This beautifully illustrated picture book is attractive to young kids.It was inspired by the first African American woman in space，Mae Jemison.It tells the story of Mae as a little girl，who always knew she had big dreams about space.This is a great addition to a young kid’s collection，as a reminder to hold tight to dreams and never give up. Space by Libby Jackson This beautifully illustrated book gives kids a look at 50 women from around the world who were involved in exploring space in some way，from the 19th century to the present day.This is a perfect gift for young kids who want to know more about some of the lesser-known scientific achievements related to space exploration. Chasing Space by Leland Melvin This is Melvin’s story about being a football player-turned-astronaut，along with his recovery from an injury that nearly left him deaf.Kids will love reading his story about how he faced challenges and advanced ahead，and he also includes DIY experiments for kids to try，and a section of full-color photographs. System and Beyond by David A．Aguilar The book is full of beautiful illustrations of space，and is perfect for kids of all ages，exploring various planets and the solar system.Unlike other kids’ space book，this is a National Geographic book written and illustrated by an award-winning astronomer and space artist.Aguilar is also the former Director of Science Information and Public Outreach at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics. 1．What do Mae among the Stars and Space have in common? A．They include less-known astronauts. B．They tell about scientists’ childhood. C．They cover women exploring space. D．They are suitable for children of all ages. 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据Mae among the Stars by Stasia Burrington部分的“It was inspired by the first African American woman in space，Mae Jemison.”和Space by Libby Jackson部分的“This...book gives kids a look at 50 women from around the world who were involved in exploring space...”可知，两本书的共同之处是它们都涉及探索太空的女性。故选C。 2．Whose book attracts children showing interest in experiments? A．Stasia Burrington’s. B．Libby Jackson’s. C．Leland Melvin’s. D．David A．Aguilar’s. 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据Chasing Space by Leland Melvin部分的“...he also includes DIY experiments for kids to try...”可知，对实验感兴趣的孩子会被Leland Melvin的书吸引。故选C。 3．What is unique to System and Beyond? A．It has beautiful pictures. B．It tells about space artists. C．It has won many grand awards. D．It was written by an astronomer. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据System and Beyond by David A．Aguilar部分的“Unlike other kids’ space book...written and illustrated by an award-winning astronomer and space artist.”可知，这本书的独特之处是作者本人的身份是天文学家。故选D。 B★ My husband and I always wanted to go to the Caribbean but didn’t know much about the islands or how we were going to afford it.By chance，a friend of ours in Australia mentioned “pet sitting” and that it is something you can do all over the world. We quickly created an account on a pet sitting website and began searching for options.There were only a couple of sits available in that part of the world，but we tried our luck，sent a request，and to our surprise landed a three-month job in Grenada，so our year was going to be taken up with Caribbean pet sits. Inspired by a Canadian couple，we decided to start our own travel blog.We began by writing about the Virgin Islands，highlighting the beautiful beaches.However，for every photo album of a beautiful beach，there were 10 photos of trash(垃圾)．It was hard to ignore the plastic pollution issue，especially on such primitive and remote beaches.So，we began to share photos of the trash we saw and how much we could pick up on our daily dog walks. The more we looked into plastic pollution，the more we realized the severity of the global plastic pollution.From that point，we used our platform to create awareness and highlight ways to say no to plastic and travel plastic-free.We changed our daily routines，our way of living，and even our diets to accommodate more organic foods and little to no plastic packaging. It’s been over three years now and we continue to do what we can.This journey has led us to some amazing places，working with great brands and even organizing a country-wide beach clean-up campaign in Grenada. Our aim now is to keep on going.We love connecting with like-minded people.It’s been amazing few years that was sparked by a conversation about pet sitting.Who would have guessed? 语篇解读　本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者因为一次宠物看护工作去了一座很美丽的小岛，但是小岛却被塑料所污染，之后作者一直致力于环境保护工作。 4．Why did the author do pet sitting? A．To raise fund. B．To protect the environment. C．To cover travel expenses. D．To shoot beautiful beaches. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“My husband and I always wanted to go to the Caribbean but didn’t know much about the islands or how we were going to afford it.”可知，作者做“宠物看护”的工作是为了支付自己和丈夫旅行的费用。故选C。 5．What does the author intend to convey through her story? A．Pet sitting is a new type of occupation. B．The Caribbean is an ideal travel destination. C．Travel blog is a superb way to gain popularity. D．Action should be taken to fight plastic pollution. 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据第三段末句“So，we began to share photos of the trash we saw and how much we could pick up on our daily dog walks.”和第四段首句“The more we looked into plastic pollution，the more we realized the severity of the global plastic pollution.”可推知，作者想通过自己的故事告诉读者应该采取措施应对塑料污染。故选D。 6．How did the author find her experience in the Caribbean? A．Significant. B．Challenging. C．Adventurous. D．Terrible. 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。根据第五段中的“This journey has led us to some amazing places，working with great brands and even organizing a country-wide beach clean-up campaign in Grenada.”可推知，作者认为自己在加勒比的经历是非常有意义的。故选A。 7．Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text? A．Changing Lifestyles by Pet Sitting B．Unexpected Gains from Pet Sitting Travel C．Dealing with Global Environmental Pollution D．The Availability of Pet Sitting in the Caribbean 答案　B 解析　标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了作者因为一次宠物看护工作去了一座很美丽的小岛，但是小岛却被塑料所污染，所以作者把看到的垃圾分享到网络上，希望唤起人们的环保意识，之后作者一直致力于环境保护工作。B项“宠物看护之旅的意外收获”可以概括文章大意，适合作为本文的标题。故选B。 C★ For much of human history，ethical behavior has been guided by the Golden Rule：do to others as you would have them do to you.But the rule is imperfect.What you want in a given situation may not be what another person desires at all. In the medical field，as health care becomes more individualized，the time seems right for a new ethical guideline—the “platinum(白金) rule” proposed by professor Harvey Max Chochinov：do to others as they would want done to themselves. Chochinov describes this principle in his essay published last year.He begins with a story about a health crisis affecting his sister Ellen.The care doctor，after seeing her twisted(扭曲的) body，was weighing whether to insert a breathing tube when he asked Chochinov a strange question：Did Ellen read magazines? “The question was frightening，” Chochinov writes，because “this was not an attempt to get to know Ellen...but rather a way to decide if hers was a life worth saving.” Ellen read widely and enjoyed many simple pleasures of life，but the gap between her life as a person who uses a wheelchair and the doctor’s sense of what he would want in her situation was too vast to be bridged by the Golden Rule.“That’s when judging from where you stand what another might need or want begins to break down，” Chochinov explained. Time is a limited resource in the health-care system，and there’s no denying that getting to know a patient as an individual means investing additional minutes or hours.Still，Chochinov believes such investment is cost-effective.There are benefits for doctors as well.“When they emotionally connect to their patients，they do a better job.” In certain cases，doctors may find it hard to apply the platinum rule.But there is value in the effort：at the very least，their trying to work through it will ensure that they have sufficient modesty about the wisdom of their choices. 语篇解读　本文是说明文。文章介绍了医学领域的“白金法则”，作者认为运用这种法则的努力是有价值的，可以确保医生们努力解决问题。 8．Why is the platinum rule introduced to the medical field? A．To strengthen ethical behavior in treatment. B．To help doctors acquire accurate information. C．To increase chances of survival for patients. D．To make person-centered care accessible to patients. 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据第二段的“In the medical field，as health care becomes more individualized，the time seems right for a new ethical guideline”可推知，将“白金法则”引入医学领域是为了使病人能够获得以人为本的护理。故选D。 9．What can we learn from Ellen’s story? A．A health crisis caused her disability. B．The doctor was curious about her hobby. C．The doctor gave little thought to her needs. D．Her brother sang high praises for the treatment. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“this was not an attempt to get to know Ellen...but rather a way to decide if hers was a life worth saving”可知，从艾伦的故事我们可以知道医生并不太关心她的需要。故选C。 10．Which statement might Chochinov agree with? A．Health-care system needs investing. B．Time put into knowing a patient is rewarding. C．Trust between doctors and patients is important. D．Emotional connection to patients brings job burnout. 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“Still，Chochinov believes such investment is cost-effective.There are benefits for doctors as well.”可推断，乔奇诺夫会赞同“花时间了解病人是值得的”。故选B。 11．What is the author’s attitude towards the platinum rule? A．Objective. B．Favorable. C．Careful. D．Unclear. 答案　B 解析　观点态度题。根据最后一段内容可知，作者认为虽然医生运用“白金法则”会很辛苦，但是这种努力是值得的，因为这将确保他们对自己选择的智慧有足够的谦虚。因此推断作者支持“白金法则”。故选B。 Ⅱ.七选五 STEM vs.STEAM STEM is short for Science，Technology，Engineering and Mathematics.The term was coined by Judith Ramaley while a director at National Science Foundation in 2001.Since then，STEM-focused education has been extended to many countries beyond the United States.However，education is a constantly evolving game. 1 One of the latest philosophies gaining steam is adding an arts component to the STEM educational focus，thus，creating the STEM vs.STEAM debate. The believers in STEM education want the focus to remain on the core STEM principles. 2 Tasks involving product design encourage students to draw and create.Adding arts will take away from the original intention of focusing on the STEM disciplines. 3 They argue that adding arts to STEM is a way to develop strong STEM students who think creatively.Several studies have shown that engaging students’ arts strength increases their motivation when it comes to STEM activities. 4 Furthermore，for kids who might be turned off from STEM subjects due to a dislike of numbers，highlighting the artistic component of lessons can reach out and draw them in. While they seem to be opposed，both sides of this argument may have the right idea. 5 Consider the growing field of computer animation，where you must have both artistic abilities and strong technology fields.Also，the most basic of all children’s toys，wooden blocks，are an incredible example of STEAM exploration.They bring design，geometry，and engineering concepts to our youngest learners，setting them up for a lifetime of creative thinking. A．The STEAMers disagree. B．Actually，science and arts are inseparable. C．It consistently introduces new theories and practices. D．Their idea is that there are already enough arts in their approach. E．Thus，good teachers are always learning to keep pace with updated knowledge. F．It also improves the probability of success in complicated tasks and challenges. G．They believe adding art makes the STEM courses accessible to more students. 语篇解读　本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论证了要不要在教育理念STEM中加入艺术成分的问题。 1．答案　C 解析　根据空前的“However，education is a constantly evolving game.”以及空后的“One of the latest philosophies gaining steam is adding an arts component to the STEM educational focus...”可知C项“它不断引入新的理论和实践。”承上启下，符合题意。故选C。 2．答案　D 解析　根据空前的“The believers in STEM education want the focus to remain on the core STEM principles.”可知，D项“他们的想法是，他们的方法中已经有足够的艺术。”能承接前文。故选D。 3．答案　A 解析　根据空后的“They argue that adding arts to STEM is a way to develop strong STEM students who think creatively.”可知，STEAM理念的信仰者与上一段中的STEM的理念不同，故A项“STEAM信仰者不同意。”承上启下，符合题意。故选A。 4．答案　F 解析　根据空前的“Several studies have shown that engaging students’ arts strength increases their motivation when it comes to STEM activities.”及空后的“Furthermore...”可知，本部分在讲调动学生艺术力量的益处。F项“It also improves...”能承前启后，进一步说明调动学生艺术力量的益处。故选F。 5．答案　B 解析　根据空后举的例子“Consider the growing field of computer animation，where you must have both artistic abilities and strong technology fields.”可知，B项“事实上，科学和艺术是不可分割的。”引出下文，符合题意。故选B。 谢谢！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $