选择性必修第三册 UNIT 9 HUMAN BIOLOGY（课件PPT）-【步步高】2025年高考英语大一轮复习讲义（北师大版）

UNIT 9　HUMAN BIOLOGY 选择性必修第三册 步步高 英语 大一轮复习 内容索引 基础知识排查 核心考点突破 写作能力提升 基础知识达标 > < 第一部分 基础知识排查 Ⅰ.阅读单词——会意 1 2 3 5 marathon n.马拉松赛跑 athletics n.田径运动 innovate vi.& vt.革新，创新，改革 vaccine n.疫苗 resilience n.恢复力，复原力，适应力 4 词汇句型背诵 速记 4 6 7 9 8 doping n.使用违禁药物(以提高体育比赛的成绩) clone vt.克隆，使无性繁殖 n.克隆动物或植物，无性繁殖的个体 gene n.基因 artificially adv.人为地，虚假地 词汇句型背诵 速记 identical adj.完全相同的，非常相似的 mammal n.哺乳动物 camel n.骆驼 cattle n.牛 goat n.山羊 10 11 12 14 13 词汇句型背诵 速记 15 17 18 19 16 primate n.灵长目动物 ape n.猿 reproductive adj.繁殖的，生殖的 clue n.线索，提示 provoke vt.激起，引起 词汇句型背诵 速记 20 21 22 23 24 ethical adj.关于伦理的；合乎道德的 inferior adj.低级别的，下级的；差的，次的 curse n.祸因，祸根；诅咒，咒语 atom n.原子 organ n.器官 词汇句型背诵 速记 25 26 27 28 29 impulse n.(神经)冲动，(电)脉冲 crossword n.纵横字谜，纵横填字游戏 intake n.摄入量，摄取量 omega n.欧米伽(希腊字母表的最后一个字母，即Ω，ω) epidemic n.传染病，流行病 词汇句型背诵 速记 30 31 32 33 virus n.病毒 variation n.变化物，变体；差异，变动 bacteria n.细菌 baseline n.(医学或科学中的)基线，准线 词汇句型背诵 速记 34 35 36 37 parallel n.(不同地点或不同时间的两事物之间的)联系，相似 adj.平行的 sample n.样本，样品 vt.品尝，尝试；对……做抽样调查 CE 公元(用于日期后) lung n.肺 词汇句型背诵 速记 38 39 40 41 trial n.试验；审判，审理 underline vt.强调，使突出；在……之下画线 symbolically adv.象征地，象征性地 mineral n.矿物质；矿产 词汇句型背诵 速记 42 43 database n.数据库，资料库 astronomer n.天文学家 词汇句型背诵 速记 Ⅱ.重点单词——记形 1 2 5 justify vt.证明……有道理，为……辩护 participant n.参加者，参与者 barrier n.障碍，壁垒 twin n.双胞胎中的一个 forever adv.永远；长久地 4 3 词汇句型背诵 速记 14 6 7 emotion n.强烈的情感，激情 crucial adj.至关重要的，关键性的 bound adj.很有可能，肯定会 mere adj.仅仅，只不过；极小的，极不重要的 9 8 词汇句型背诵 速记 15 10 11 13 12 abuse vt.滥用，妄用；虐待 n.滥用；虐待 contain vt.包含，容纳，装盛 locate vi.& vt.找出……的准确位置 zone n.地区，地带 factor n.因素，要素 14 词汇句型背诵 速记 16 15 19 18 17 officially adv.官方地，正式地 rare adj.稀有的，罕见的，不常发生的 widespread adj.分布广的，广泛流传的 estimate vt.估计，估算 visible adj.看得见的 16 词汇句型背诵 速记 17 20 21 23 22 symptom n.症状；征兆，症候 bury vt.埋葬，安葬；埋藏 pose vt.造成，引起，产生(问题、危险、困难等) n.(为画像、拍照等而摆的)姿势，姿态 outbreak n.(战争或疾病)爆发，突然发生 词汇句型背诵 速记 18 24 28 27 26 actual adj.实际的，真实的 thorough adj.彻底的，全面的，详尽的 paragraph n.(文章的)段，段落 phenomenon n.现象 needle n.针 25 词汇句型背诵 速记 19 29 30 suspect n.(犯罪)嫌疑人，可疑分子 victim n.(袭击事件、抢劫事件或凶杀案的)受害者 词汇句型背诵 速记 20 biology n.生物学 →biological adj.生物的；生物学的 →biologist n.生物学家 capability n.(完成困难事情的)能力，才能 →capable adj.有能力的 Ⅲ.拓展单词——悉变 1 2 词汇句型背诵 速记 21 infer vt.推断，推定 →inference n.推断，推定 calculate vt.计算，核算 →calculation n.计算，核算 →calculator n.计算器 3 4 词汇句型背诵 速记 22 physicist n.物理学家 →physics n.物理学 →physical adj.物理学的；身体的；物质的 betterment n.(个人社会和经济地位的)改良，改善，提高 →better vt.改善，提高；超过；胜过 5 6 词汇句型背诵 速记 23 edit vi.& vt.编辑，编校；剪辑，剪接 →edition n.版本，版次 →editor n.编辑，主编 comparison n.比较 →compare v.比较 7 8 词汇句型背诵 速记 24 wholly adv.完全地 →whole adj.完全的 accurate adj.准确的，正确的 →accurately adv.准确地 →accuracy n.准确性，准确度 9 10 词汇句型背诵 速记 25 treatment n.诊疗，治疗，疗法；对待方式 →treat n.乐事；款待 vt.治疗；对待 blessing n.福气，幸运 →bless vt.祝福 11 12 词汇句型背诵 速记 26 nerve n.神经；焦虑，恐惧，紧张 →nervous adj.紧张的 classify vt.将……分类；把……归入一类 →classified adj.分类的；机密的 →classification n.归类，分类，分级 13 14 词汇句型背诵 速记 27 opposed adj.与某事物相反；反对某事物 →oppose vt.反对 →opposite adj.对面的；相反的 →opposition n.反对，反抗 15 词汇句型背诵 速记 28 depressing adj.令人沮丧的，让人忧愁的 →depressed adj.沮丧的，忧愁的 →depress vt.令人沮丧；使萧条 →depression n.沮丧；(经济)萧条 16 词汇句型背诵 速记 29 steadily adv.稳定地 →steady adj.稳定的；稳固的 →unsteady adj.不稳定的 systematic adj.系统化的，有条理的 →system n.系统，体系，制度 17 18 词汇句型背诵 速记 30 globe n.地球，世界；地球仪 →global adj.全球的 corresponding adj.相应的；对应的 →correspond vi.相一致；符合；类似于 →correspondence n.一致；相似；相关；通信；信件 19 20 词汇句型背诵 速记 31 identify vt.确定，发现；认出，识别 →identification n.确定，发现；鉴定；辨认 21 词汇句型背诵 速记 32 [拔高词汇] 背选修词汇 1 2 4 5 3 interpretation/InˌtɜːprI'teIʃən/ n.表演，演绎；解释 moody/'muːdi/ adj.喜怒无常的，情绪多变的 egotistical/ˌiːɡə'tIstIkəl/ adj.自大的；自负的 chore/tʃɔː/ n.家庭杂务；日常琐事 drone/drəʊn/ n.无人遥控飞机 词汇句型背诵 速记 33 6 7 8 9 10 collision/kə'lIʒən/ n.碰撞事故；冲突，抵触 outweigh/aʊt'weI/ vt.比……更重要；比……更有价值 terrorist/'terərIst/ n.恐怖分子 envision/In'vIʒən/ vt.想象；展望 lightweight/'laIt-weIt/ adj.比通常重量轻的 词汇句型背诵 速记 34 11 12 inhabitant/In'hæbItənt/ n.居民 technician/tek'nIʃən/ n.技师，技术人员 词汇句型背诵 速记 35 Ⅳ.背核心短语 1 2 junk food 不利健康的食品，垃圾食品 lead to 导致 in comparison with 与……比较起来 a great deal of 大量 be bound to 一定；势必会 be viewed as 被看作是 3 4 5 6 词汇句型背诵 速记 36 7 8 9 10 11 12 come into contact with 接触到，和……接触 be classified as 被归类为 on record 有记载的，记录在案的 up to 多达；直到 get through 度过，熬过；设法处理，完成 in the course of 在……期间，在……过程中 词汇句型背诵 速记 37 13 14 result in 导致 come up with 想出，想到 词汇句型背诵 速记 38 1 They were the first-ever primates (the order of mammals which include apes，monkeys，and humans) to have been cloned！(the＋序数词＋n.＋to do...) 它们是有史以来首次被克隆的灵长类动物(哺乳动物的一个类别，包括猿、猴子和人类)! Ⅴ.悟经典句式 词汇句型背诵 速记 39 2 While some people believe it is crucial for scientific advancement，others raise moral concerns.(while 引导的让步状语从句) 尽管有些人认为这对于科学的进步至关重要，但也有人提出了道德方面的担忧。 词汇句型背诵 速记 40 3 Researchers insist that the science of cloning should be further explored and advanced.(insist后接that宾语从句用虚拟语气) 研究人员坚持认为，克隆科学应进一步得到探索与发展。 词汇句型背诵 速记 41 4 With recent press reports drawing parallels between bird flu and killer epidemics of the past，Jim Smith looks at the sometimes depressing history of epidemics for clues about how we can create a more positive future without epidemics.(with的复合结构) 随着最近的媒体报道将禽流感和过去的致命流行病相类比，吉姆·史密斯审视了有时令人沮丧的流行病历史，寻找关于我们如何创造一个更美好的没有流行病的未来的线索。 词汇句型背诵 速记 42 5 Scientists now estimate that up to 50% of the area’s population died from the epidemic，making it one of the main causes of the fall of the Roman Empire.(现在分词短语作结果状语) 科学家们现在估计，该地区多达50%的人口死于这种流行病，使其成为罗马帝国衰落的主要原因之一。 词汇句型背诵 速记 43 6 Having killed up to 50 million people in 18 months，the Spanish Flu is believed to have been the most severe epidemic in history.(sb/sth be believed to be/have been...某人/某物被认为是……) 在18个月内造成5 000万人死亡之后，西班牙流感被认为是历史上最严重的流行病。 词汇句型背诵 速记 44 Ⅰ.阅读单词 1.marathon n.____________ 2.gene n. ______ 3.artificially adv. ________________ 4.identical adj. _______________________ 5.mammal n. _________ 6.camel n. _____ 词汇默写 默写练习(一) 马拉松赛跑 基因 人为地，虚假地 完全相同的，非常相似的 哺乳动物 骆驼 词汇句型巩固 默写 45 7.reproductive adj. ________________ 8.clue n. _____________ 9.provoke vt. ____________ 10.ethical adj. ________________________ 11.inferior adj. ______________________________ 繁殖的，生殖的 线索，提示 激起，引起 关于伦理的；合乎道德的 低级别的，下级的；差的，次的 词汇句型巩固 默写 46 Ⅱ.重点单词 1. vt.证明……有道理，为……辩护 2. n.参加者，参与者 3. n.障碍，壁垒 4. n.双胞胎中的一个 5. adv.永远；长久地 6. n.强烈的情感，激情 justify participant barrier twin forever emotion 词汇句型巩固 默写 47 7. adj.至关重要的，关键性的 8. adj.很有可能，肯定会 9. adj.仅仅，只不过；极小的，极不重要的 10. vt.滥用，妄用；虐待 n.滥用；虐待 crucial bound mere abuse 词汇句型巩固 默写 48 Ⅲ.拓展单词 1. n.生物学 → adj.生物的；生物学的 → n.生物学家 2. n.(个人社会和经济地位的)改良，改善，提高 → vt.改善，提高；超过；胜过 biology biological biologist betterment better 词汇句型巩固 默写 49 3. vi.& vt.编辑，编校；剪辑，剪接 → n.版本，版次 → n.编辑，主编 4. adv.完全地 → adj.完全的 5. n.福气，幸运 → vt.祝福 edit edition editor wholly whole blessing bless 词汇句型巩固 默写 50 Ⅳ.拔高词汇 1.egotistical adj._______________ 2.drone n. _____________ 3.collision n. ______________________ 4.lightweight adj. _______________ 5.technician n. ________________ 自大的；自负的 无人遥控飞机 碰撞事故；冲突，抵触 比通常重量轻的 技师，技术人员 词汇句型巩固 默写 51 Ⅴ.核心短语 1.junk food __________________________ 2.lead to ______ 3.in comparison with ________________ 4.a great deal of ______ 5.be bound to ______________ 不利健康的食品，垃圾食品 导致 与……比较起来 大量 一定；势必会 词汇句型巩固 默写 52 Ⅰ.词形变化填空 1.What impresses us is Mr Wang’s ongoing to chase his dreams.He is always of achieving his goals.(capable) 2.When you are asked to something from the text，you must make according to the passage you read instead of your imagination！(infer) 3.You will need to how much time the assignment will take and make a rough .(calculate) 语境运用 capability capable infer inferences calculate calculation 词汇句型巩固 默写 53 4.Don’t everything you have with others，for you will feel your life less satisfactory by .(compare) 5.The injured man is being now by the most skilful doctors，so he is likely to come to life soon after the .(treat) 6.Based on data，I can describe the project and in other words，my relies on relevant data.(accurate) 7.The was interested in the subject— and various phenomena attracted his attention.(physical) compare comparison treated treatment accurate accurately accuracy physicist physics physical 词汇句型巩固 默写 54 Ⅱ.选词填空 1.In the past，his bad learning habit his poor academic performance. 2.He a responsible，kind-hearted and hard-working doctor. 3.The first time I him，I considered him to be competent and diligent. junk food，lead to，be bound to，be viewed as，come into contact with led to is viewed as came into contact with 词汇句型巩固 默写 55 4.Consuming too much is harmful to our physical health，and we should keep a balanced diet. 5.You have done so much work in advance that you pass the end-of-term examination. junk food，lead to，be bound to，be viewed as，come into contact with junk food are bound to 词汇句型巩固 默写 56 Ⅲ.经典句型仿写 1.怀特先生总是第一个来公司的人。(the＋序数词＋n.＋to do...) Mr White is always . 2.虽然他的妻子经常告诉他，他不必这么早去那里，但他就是不听她的话。(while引导的让步状语从句) he needn’t go there so early，he just won’t listen to her. the first person to come to the company While his wife often tells him 词汇句型巩固 默写 57 3.他坚持认为他应该努力工作争取晋升。(insist后接that宾语从句用虚拟语气) He insisted that . he (should) work hard to get promoted 词汇句型巩固 默写 58 默写练习(二) Ⅰ.阅读单词 词汇默写 1.organ n._____ 2.intake n. ________________ 3.epidemic n. ________________ 4.virus n. ______ 5.variation n. __________________________ 器官 摄入量，摄取量 传染病，流行病 病毒 变化物，变体；差异，变动 词汇句型巩固 默写 59 6.bacteria n. ______ 7.sample n. ____________ vt. _______________________________ 8.lung n. ____ 9.trial n. _________________ 10.underline vt. ______________________________ 11.mineral n. _____________ 细菌 样本，样品 品尝，尝试；对……做抽样调查 肺 试验；审判，审理 强调，使突出；在……之下画线 矿物质；矿产 词汇句型巩固 默写 60 Ⅱ.重点单词 1. vt.包含，容纳，装盛 2. n.因素，要素 3. adj.稀有的，罕见的，不常发生的 4. adj.分布广的，广泛流传的 5. vt.估计，估算 6. adj.看得见的 7. n.症状；征兆，症候 contain factor rare widespread estimate visible symptom 词汇句型巩固 默写 61 8. vt.埋葬，安葬；埋藏 9. vt.造成，引起，产生(问题、危险、困难等) n.(为画像、拍照等而摆的)姿势，姿态 10. adj.实际的，真实的 11. adj.彻底的，全面的，详尽的 12. n.(文章的)段，段落 13. n.针 14. n.(袭击事件、抢劫事件或凶杀案的)受害者 bury pose actual thorough paragraph needle victim 词汇句型巩固 默写 62 Ⅲ.拓展单词 1. vt.将……分类；把……归入一类 → adj.分类的；机密的 → n.归类，分类，分级 2. adv.稳定地 → adj.稳定的；稳固的 → adj.不稳定的 classify classified classification steadily steady unsteady 词汇句型巩固 默写 63 3. adj.系统化的，有条理的 → n.系统，体系，制度 4. adj.相应的；对应的 → vi.相一致；符合；类似于 → n.一致；相似；相关；通信；信件 5. vt.确定，发现；认出，识别 → n.确定，发现；鉴定；辨认 systematic system corresponding correspond correspondence identify identification 词汇句型巩固 默写 64 Ⅳ.拔高词汇 1. adj.喜怒无常的，情绪多变的 2.chore n.___________________ 3. vt.比……更重要；比……更有价值 4.envision vt. ____________ 5. n.居民 moody 家庭杂务；日常琐事 outweigh 想象；展望 inhabitant 词汇句型巩固 默写 65 Ⅴ.核心短语 1.be classified as _________ 2.on record _____________________ 3.up to ____________ 4.in the course of _________________________ 5.result in _____ 被归类为 有记载的，记录在案的 多达；直到 在……期间，在……过程中 导致 词汇句型巩固 默写 66 Ⅰ.词形变化填空 1.Hoping to calm our ，we decided to spend the afternoon at the lake.However，the idea of taking the same boat with the boss made me .(nerve) 2.I didn’t expect to receive from my wife，but this time she was to my proposal somehow.(oppose) 3.Because of the economic ，my father got much less salaries than before，and we were all at the news.(depress) 语境运用 nerves nervous opposition opposed depression depressed depressing 词汇句型巩固 默写 67 4. warming has caused great concern and we should take effective measures to protect the .(globe) 5.He made progress in his study after he worked day and night for nearly a few months.(steady) Global globe steady steadily 词汇句型巩固 默写 68 Ⅱ.选词填空 1. the first two chapters is what I will do today. 2.Keep in mind that we will be disqualified from driving for three years. 3.You can rely on him to some good suggestions on how to solve your problem. be classified as，up to，get through，result in，come up with Getting through up to come up with 词汇句型巩固 默写 69 4.As you know，English as a language can British or American. 5.Last year the breakdown of his health his abandoning his plan to travel all over the globe. be classified as，up to，get through，result in，come up with be classified as resulted in 词汇句型巩固 默写 70 Ⅲ.经典句型仿写 1.自来水还流着，我父亲就离开了家。(with的复合结构) ，my father left the house. 2.我从五岁起就一直学习英语，这让我很容易与英语母语者自由交流。(现在分词短语作结果状语) I have been learning English since five，____________________________ _______________ with native English speakers freely. With the tap water running making it easy for me to communicate 词汇句型巩固 默写 71 3.杂交水稻之父袁隆平被认为是中国最伟大的科学家之一。(sb be believed to be...) Yuan Longping，father of hybrid rice，____________________________ _________________________. is believed to be one of the greatest scientists in China 词汇句型巩固 默写 72 In the current era，what people do hurts not only 1. (they) but also animals，such as some camels，cattle，apes and goats.In 2. (compare) with widespread traditional offline medical care，remote medical care is more crucial,3. can break the barriers of time and space，and provide the best doctors and the accurate treatment for patients.But some illegal organizations,4. (whole) ignoring the ethical principles，are buried in editing some false advertisements artificially and abusing network，providing some false clues for patients. themselves comparison which wholly 填词 语境词汇串记 It is bound 5. (lead) to permanent hurt to patients，which will provoke angry emotions and must 6. (forbid) forever. To make matters 7. (bad)，it is estimated that some rare animals are disappearing.There are many factors for their disappearance，and they can be roughly classified into two categories，partly because they have no capability to adapt to the environment,8. partly because of human activities，which pose a threat to their habitats. to lead be forbidden worse and 填词 语境词汇串记 It is 9. (depress) that some people kill animals because they attribute the outbreak of some diseases to the viruses these animals carry. Fortunately，most people are opposed 10. this practice and call for efforts to develop thorough and systematic measures to protect animals on the globe. 返 回 depressing to 填词 语境词汇串记 > < 第二部分 核心考点突破 提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇 •under treatment在治疗中 •treat...as...把……看作……；把……视为…… treat sb to sth用某物招待某人，以某物款待某人 treat sb with...以……方式对待某人 n.治疗；处理；待遇(treat n.乐事；款待vt.对待；治疗；请客) treatment 1 (1)Because I was under (treat)，my mother was strongly opposed to my father treating me junk food. treatment to 77 (2)通过社区服务，我完全意识到，我们不仅要以尊重的方式对待无家可归的人，而且应该把他们看作平等的人。(2022·浙江6月，读后续写) Through the community service，I wholly realized that not only _______ but we also _______________ . should we treat the homeless people with respect should treat them as equal souls 78 adj.肯定会，很有可能；受束缚的，受约束的；有义务的 vi.跳跃，跳跃着前进；形成界限 bound 2 be bound to do...肯定会……；有责任或义务做…… be bound for...准备前往…… (1)(应用文写作之建议信)我相信，只有你全身心投入到比赛中，你才一定会成功。 I am convinced that only if you are devoted to the competition _________ . are you bound to succeed (2)在一个寒冷的日子里，告别了父母，我登上了一艘开往大西洋的巨轮。 On a bitter cold day，after saying goodbye to my parents，I went aboard a massive ship Atlantic Ocean. (which was) bound for vt.分类，归类(classified adj.分类的；机密的 classification n.分类，类别) 3 classify classify...into...把……分为…… classify sb/sth as sth把……划分为/界定为…… (1)Epidemics fall into different (classify) according to the way they are spread. classifications (2)(应用文写作之建议信) 有人建议，当我们背诵单词时，应该把它们分成不同的类别。例如，有些词可以归类为与体育有关的词。 It is suggested that words ________________________________________ when we learn them by heart.For instance，some words ________________ sports-related words. (should) be classified into different categories can be classified as adj.相反的；对立的(oppose vt.反对；抵制；阻挠 opposite adj.对面的；相反的opposition n.反对) opposed (1)I got a seat (oppose) a middle-aged man with sharp eyes，who kept watching a young woman in a window seat with a little boy on her lap. (2021·北京) 4 •be opposed to (doing) sth反对(做)某事 •oppose (doing) sth反对(做)某事 oppose sb/sb’s doing sth反对某人做某事 opposite (2)To be honest，most students oppose (group) students randomly for the upcoming oral practice sessions. (2023·新课标Ⅰ，应用文写作) →To be honest，most students ____________________________________ for the upcoming oral practice sessions. (3)我强烈反对大卫放弃越野跑。他紧紧地闭上眼睛，思索着我的反对。 (2022·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写) I strongly opposed the cross-country run.He closed his eyes tightly, pondering on . grouping are opposed to grouping students randomly David/David’s giving up my opposition (4)(读后续写之悲伤心理描写)Because all of my friends were opposed to my plan，I couldn’t resist sobbing，hiding my face in my hands. → ，I couldn’t resist sobbing，hiding my face in my hands.(用with复合结构改写) → ，I couldn’t resist sobbing，hiding my face in my hands.(用独立主格结构改写) With all of my friends opposed to my plan All of my friends opposed to my plan bury bury...in...把……埋到……；使……沉浸于…… bury oneself in (doing)...埋头于/专心于…… be buried in专心于 bury one’s face in one’s hands双手掩面 5 vt.埋葬；埋藏；使陷入；覆盖；掩藏 (1)(读后续写之动作链描写) 他一屁股坐地上，双手掩面，开始伤心地哭起来。 He flopped down on the ground， and began to weep sadly. buried his face in his hands (2)我每天专心读英文报Youth并获得了丰富多彩的知识。 (2021·新课标Ⅰ，应用文写作) ①I ___________________________________________________________ and have gained lots of colorful knowledge. ②____________________________________________________________ ，I have gained lots of colorful knowledge.(用分词短语作状语改写) bury myself in/am buried in reading the English newspaper Youth every day Burying myself in/Buried in reading the English newspaper Youth every day vt.怀疑 n.(犯罪)嫌疑人，可疑分子(suspicion n.怀疑；疑心 suspicious adj.怀疑的；可疑的) suspect 6 •suspect sb of (doing) sth怀疑某人(做)某事 suspect sb to be/as...怀疑某人是…… •be suspicious of/about...对……怀疑 (1)(读后续写之悲伤心理描写) He suspected me of (steal) the old woman’s gold ring and even my best friend was (suspect) about my personal qualities，so I buried my face in my hands，sobbing uncontrollably. stealing suspicious (2)那个陌生人被怀疑是间谍，正在接受警方的审问。 ，the stranger is being questioned by the police. (3)我们认为那个受伤的参赛者可能跑不完马拉松，但实际上他凭着坚强的意志成功了。 ，but actually he made it with strong willpower. 用法点拨　与suspect sb of sth 结构相同的短语还有：inform sb of sth通知某人某事；remind sb of sth提醒某人某事；rob sb of sth抢劫某人某物；accuse sb of sth控告某人某事；warn sb of sth警告某人某事。 Suspected to be/as a spy We suspected that the injured participant may not finish the marathon •本句中不定式短语to have been cloned作后置定语，修饰the first-ever primates。 当中心词是序数词或被序数词修饰时，常用不定式(短语)作后置定语。 •英语中常用不定式(短语)作后置定语的情况： ①被修饰词为序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时；②被修 饰词前有the only，the very，the next等词对其进行修饰时；③不定代词 something，nothing，little等后；④抽象名词time，way，reason，chance， ability，courage，opportunity，wish等后。 They were the first-ever primates (the order of mammals which include apes，monkeys，and humans) to have been cloned！它们是有史以来首次被克隆的灵长类动物(哺乳动物的一个类别，包括猿、猴子和人类)! the＋序数词＋n.＋to do... 7 (1)Though David was the last participant (cross) the finishing line，he won all of our admiration and cheers. (2)(读后续写之主旨升华)事实上，我们在日常生活中都有值得感激的事情，但有时我们只是没有意识到。 As a matter of fact，we all have something in our daily life，but sometimes we just don’t realize it. to cross to be grateful for (3)约翰是第一个想到做爆米花帮助伯纳德挣外快的人。他相信他有能力帮助伯纳德走出困境。(2020·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写) John was to help Bernard earn some extra money.He was convinced that he ____________________ Bernard out of the difficulty. (4)(应用文写作之申请信)我能说一口流利的英语，而且我是班上唯一出国深造的学生。毫无疑问我是负责这项工作的最佳人选。 I can speak fluent English and I am ________________________________ for further study.There is no doubt that I am _______________ . the first person to think of making popcorn had the ability to help the only student in my class to go abroad the best person to be responsible for the job 此句中的making it one of the main causes of the fall of the Roman Empire是现在分词短语作结果状语，表示意料、情理之中的结果；另外，动词不定式也可作结果状语，一般放在句子后面，且常表示出乎意料的结果，常与only，just等词连用。 Scientists now estimate that up to 50% of the area’s population died from the epidemic，making it one of the main causes of the fall of the Roman Empire.科学家们现在估计，该地区多达50%的人口死于这种流行病，使其成为罗马帝国衰落的主要原因之一。 现在分词短语作结果状语 8 (1)(应用文写作之自荐信) First of all，I speak fluent English.It permits me to communicate with visitors without difficulty. →First of all，I speak fluent English，_____________________________ ___________________________.(用现在分词短语作状语改写) (2)(读后续写之片段描写) 简气呼呼地走进森林，却发现自己认不清方向。更糟糕的是，天突然下起了大雨，使她更难找到离开这片陌生森林的路。 Jane stamped her feet into the forest angrily， she couldn’t identify direction.Worse still，it rained heavily suddenly， . permitting me to communicate with visitors without difficulty only to find that making it more difficult to find her way out of the unfamiliar forest 句中的“sb/sth be＋过去分词＋to do...”可与“It is＋过去分词＋that...”这个句型相互转换，根据具体情况，不定式可用一般式、进行式或完成式。 Having killed up to 50 million people in 18 months，the Spanish Flu is believed to have been the most severe epidemic in history.在18个月内造成5 000万人死亡之后，西班牙流感被认为是历史上最严重的流行病。 sb/sth be＋过去分词＋to do... 9 (1)Thomas Edison was considered (invent) the bulb，which benefits people greatly. to have invented (2)His daughter is said (study) law at university and will graduate in 2025.  →_____________________________________________________________________________(用it作形式主语改写) (3)他被公认为是世界上最伟大的物理学家之一。 ①He one of the world’s greatest physicists. ② he is one of the world’s greatest physicists. 返 回 to be studying It is said that his daughter is studying law at university and will graduate in 2025. is acknowledged as/to be It is acknowledged that > < 第三部分 基础知识达标 提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇 Ⅰ.一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍 1.nerve (1)I was going to have a go at parachuting but lost my nerve at the last minute. (2)With the encouragement and comfort，I finally nerved myself to bravely face the barrier. (3)Once，when trying a certain trick on the beam(横杆)，I fell onto the stones，damaging a nerve in my hand.(2021·全国甲) A.n.神经　B.n.勇气　C.vt.鼓足勇气 ____ ____ ____ B A C 2.pose (1)Adults are portrayed(描绘) alone in many settings and poses. (2023·新课标Ⅱ) (2)Pollution poses a threat to the existence of this species. (3)When I finally posed the question，“Why？” he merely shrugged. (4)How could I possibly take the time to pose for a sculpture now？ (2020·天津) A.n.(为画像、拍照等摆的)姿势　B.vi.摆好姿势　C.vt.造成(威胁、问题等)　D.vt.提出；质询 ____ ____ ____ ____ A D C B 3.快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加颜色词汇的意思 (1)Learning that he was appointed as head of the team，he couldn’t contain his excitement and danced into the house. _________________ (2)We cannot calculate on his help because he is not reliable. _____ (3)We sampled a selection of different bottled waters. _____ (4)I got up early to catch the train that was bound for Shanghai. _____ (5)As you know，I bury myself in books at the school I am so familiar with. ________ (6)It is because more life experience may help people better identify priorities in life.(2021·北京) ______ 克制，抑制(感情) 指望 品尝 开往 埋头于 找到 Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识 1.The literary work A Dream in Red Mansions contains 120 chapters， (include) 40 chapters written by Gao’E. 2.The government advocates classifying rubbish four categories: recyclable waste，unrecyclable waste，harmful waste and other waste. 3.All of her runs have a guiding purpose：to call attention to (globe) water issues.(2023·北京) 4. (bury) in writing a science fiction novel，she didn’t realize it began to rain outside. including into global Buried 5.It struck me that I could treat the girl an absorbing drama in return for her help. 6.Some students do realize they are blessed the opportunity to study in the bright and spacious classrooms.However，others take it for granted. 7.I suspect the so-called poet copying others’ poems but I have no solid evidence. 8.In spite of the icy cold weather，my mother is the first (get) up to prepare breakfast. to with of to get 9.The scholar，who is said (graduate) from Cambridge University，will give us a lecture about English poetry. 10.I think there is a good reason for her absence as she (rare) stays away from work without approval. 返 回 to have graduated rarely > < 第四部分 写作能力提升 随着科学技术的发展，克隆技术的发展已经引起了人们极大的关注。人们对这个问题的看法也各不相同。请写一篇文章介绍人们对克隆技术的不同观点，并表明自己的立场。 基因工程 应用文增分练 1.众所周知，科学家们在克隆技术方面取得了巨大的进步，这引发了关于克隆是福还是祸的激烈争论。(It is known that...) _______________________________________________________________ 2.一些人支持克隆，说它可以带来医学进步，帮助世界各地濒危甚至灭绝物种的繁殖。(现在分词短语作状语) _______________________________________________________________ 完成句子 应用文增分练 3.但另一方面，许多人强烈反对。(be opposed to) _______________________________________________________________ 4.他们怀疑那些支持克隆的人在道德上是错误的，会给我们人类带来麻烦。(suspect that...) _______________________________________________________________ 完成句子 应用文增分练 5.就我而言，我坚持认为，我们一方面应该促进其发展，另一方面应该加强对克隆技术的管理。(insist引导宾语从句) _______________________________________________________________ 6.只有当我们在这个微妙的问题上表现出极大的谨慎，我们才能从克隆中受益匪浅。(“only＋状语从句”位于句首引起的部分倒装) _______________________________________________________________ 完成句子 应用文增分练 把以上句子用适当的过渡词语和过渡句组成一篇80词左右的短文。 _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 组句成篇 应用文增分练 It is known that scientists have made great progress in cloning technology，which has brought about a heated debate over whether cloning is a blessing or a curse. Some people support cloning，saying it can bring medical progress and help the reproduction of endangered and even extinct species around the world.But on the other hand，many people are strongly opposed to it. They suspect that those who support cloning are morally wrong and would bring trouble to us humans. 参考范文 应用文增分练 As for me，I insist that on the one hand，we should promote its development，and on the other hand，we should strengthen the management of cloning technology.Only when we show great caution on this delicate issue can we benefit greatly from cloning. 参考范文 应用文增分练 教材语料整合 亮词 [情感描写]　emotion；ethical；inferior；blessing；nerve；opposed；depressing [动作描写]　justify；infer；calculate；innovate；abuse；locate；classify；estimate；bury；underline；identify；suspect 续写积累提能练 教材语料整合 美句 1.Centuries later，the Great Flu Epidemic of 1918，also called the Spanish Flu，struck near the end of World War Ⅰ.(拟人) 2.SARS was examined by scientists，who were confused by this new disease and wanted to learn more about it and its causes.(情感描写) 3.It(The DNA detective) has been one of the key weapons for unsolved cases.(比喻) 续写积累提能练 动作细节描写：跑、走、冲 拓展语料积累 单词 skip蹦跳着走　run 跑　race赛跑　jog慢跑　fly飞奔　approach接近，靠近　drag 拖着(受伤的脚或腿)行走　dance跳跃，雀跃　jump 跳，跃　escape逃跑　flee逃走　rush迅速移动　dash猛冲，急奔　stride 大步走　stroll/wander 漫步，闲逛　dart 飞奔，猛冲　march 行军，快步走　tiptoe 蹑手蹑脚，轻手轻脚地走　stagger摇摇晃晃地走　stumble 跌跌撞撞地走　trot 小跑，快步，疾走 续写积累提能练 拓展语料积累 词块 steal/slide/creep into溜进　dash/rush for向……冲去　burst into冲进　head for/towards走向，前往　make a rush for冲向　charge out/into冲出/冲进　pace up and down踱来踱去　jump off跳下　hurry off匆匆离去 续写积累提能练 拓展语料积累 句型 No longer hesitating，he jumped off the truck and flew towards the building like an arrow.(动作描写) 他不再犹豫，跳下卡车，像箭一样飞向大楼。 The man dashed/rushed for the exit，and escaped in great panic.那人向出口冲去，慌慌张张地逃走了。 Racing/Dashing/Running home，he burst into the bedroom，picked up my purse and charged out.(现在分词短语作状语)(动作链描写)他飞奔着跑回家，冲进卧室，拿起我的钱包冲了出去。 续写积累提能练 拓展语料积累 句型 He started pacing up and down the room with a frown on his face.他皱着眉头在房间里踱来踱去。 续写积累提能练 主题：“我是谁” Tom Smith is a 17-year-old boy ①____________________________ where all family members are gifted in some musical instruments except him.② he may not belong to the family，or maybe he was just the adopted one.One day，he ③__________________ ____________________________________ when suddenly an idea struck him.He should secretly make a DNA detection to justify his identity.So，that afternoon，④ ， 语料运用 who is blessed with a big family He once suspected that was pacing up and down the room with a frown on his face after jogging in the yard，he tiptoed to the bedroom 续写积累提能练 trying to find some hairs from his parents.After a careful search，he managed to find some，and ⑤___________________________________ ______.The moment ⑥ ，______________________ .He submitted the sample to the doctor and was asked to pick the result the next day.Feeling relieved and free，he stopped in the nearby park，⑦ ，saying to himself，“The truth will soon come out.” The next day，having butterflies in his stomach，⑧ and got the gene identification certificate. “Thank goodness！I am indeed a real Smith.” 语料运用 escaped quickly with his heart pounding wildly he fled out of home he rushed to the hospital without delay wandering leisurely he hurried to the hospital 续写积累提能练 汤姆·史密斯是一个17岁的男孩，他有幸拥有一个大家庭，除了他之外，所有家庭成员都有一些乐器天赋。他曾经怀疑自己可能不属于这个家庭，觉得自己可能是被收养的。一天，他皱着眉头在房间里踱来踱去，这时突然想到了一个主意。他应该秘密进行一次DNA检测以证明自己的身份。于是，那天下午，在院子里慢跑后，他踮着脚尖来到卧室，试图找到一些他父母的头发。经过仔细搜索，他终于找到了一些并迅速逃离，他的心脏剧烈跳动。他一逃离家就立即赶往医院。他把样本交给了医生，并被要求次日取结果。他感到宽慰和自由， 语料运用 续写积累提能练 在附近的公园里停了下来，悠闲地闲逛，自言自语地说：“真相很快就会水落石出。”第二天，他忐忑不安，匆匆赶往医院，拿到了基因鉴定证书。“谢天谢地！我是一个真正的史密斯家族成员。” 语料运用 返 回 续写积累提能练 $