必修第二册 UNIT 5 HUMANS AND NATURE（教师用书word）-【步步高】2025年高考英语大一轮复习讲义（北师大版）

Ⅰ.阅读单词——会意 1．drought n．旱灾，干旱 2．hurricane n．飓风 3．landslide n．滑坡；塌方 4．volcanic adj.火山的；由火山作用引起的 5．landscape n．风景，景色 6．weed n．野草；海藻 7．deer n．鹿 8．insect n．昆虫 9．whale n．鲸 10．dolphin n．海豚 11．shark n．鲨(鱼) 12．kangaroo n．袋鼠 13．eagle n．鹰 14．fox n．狐狸 15．jungle n．(热带)丛林 16．whirlpool n．旋涡 17．descent n．下降，下落 18．tidal adj.潮汐的，潮水的 19．barrel n．桶 20．extent n．面积；长度；范围；程度 21．tube n．圆管，管子；(伦敦)地铁 22．lamp n．灯 23．sledge n．雪橇 24．ski n．滑雪板vi.滑雪 25．polar adj.极地的，地极的 26．continent n．洲，大洲；大陆 27．tent n．帐篷 28．brochure n．小册子 29．aftershock n．(地震的)余震 30．metal n．金属 31．skiing n．滑雪运动 32．originality n．独创性；创造力 Ⅱ.重点单词——记形 1．disaster n．灾难；灾祸 2．flood n．洪水，水灾 3．wildlife n．野生动植物，野生生物 4．comment n．评论；意见 5．crowded adj.拥挤的；挤满人的 6．living adj.活的，活着的 7．soil n．土壤 8．climate n．气候 9．lecture n．讲座，讲课；演讲 10．overuse vt.过度使用；滥用 11．million n．百万 12．greenhouse n．温室，暖房 13．title n．题目，标题 vt.加标题 14．wave n．海浪；波涛；(情感的)一阵 15．escape vi.& vt.逃离；逃避 16．float vi.浮；漂 17．file n．档案，卷宗 18．soul n．灵魂 19．edge n．边缘 20．rescue n．& vt.营救；救援 21．vehicle n．交通工具，车辆 22．trap vt.困住；使陷于危险中 23．attempt n．& vt.努力，尝试，企图 24．damage n．伤害，损伤，损害 25．measure vt.估量，衡量；测量 26．overseas adv.在海外，在外国 27．site n．场所，地点 28．process n．过程，进程 29．battle n．较量，竞争；斗争；战斗 30．duty n．职责，义务；责任 31．suffering n．(肉体或精神上的)痛苦；折磨 32．nearby adv.附近 33．dust n．灰尘；尘埃 34．captain n．上校；队长；组长 35．base n．基地，大本营；基础vt.以……为基地 36．distant adj.久远的；遥远的 37．shelter n．避难所 38．varied adj.各种各样的，形形色色的 39．scary adj.可怕的，恐怖的 40．harmless adj.无害的 Ⅲ.拓展单词——悉变 1．eruption n．爆发→erupt v．爆发；喷出 2．ecology n．生态；生态学→ecological adj.生态学的；生态的 3．shock vt.使震惊；使难以置信 n．震惊；休克；冲击→shocking adj.令人震惊的→shocked adj.震惊的 4．survive vi.& vt.活下来；幸存→survival n．幸存→survivor n．幸存者 5．poetry n．诗歌；作诗的艺术→poem n．诗；诗歌→poet n．诗人 6．mystery n．神秘事物，难以理解的事物→mysterious adj.神秘的；不可思议的 7．frightened adj.受惊的，害怕的→frightening adj.令人害怕的→frighten v．使受惊；使惊恐 8．horrible adj.可怕的，吓人的，令人恐惧的→horror n．恐惧，害怕；令人惊恐的事→horribly adv.害怕地；可怕地；极其地 9．curious adj.好奇的→curiously adv.好奇地→curiosity n．好奇心 10．observation n．观察；观察结果→observe v．观察；注意到；庆祝；遵守 11．equal adj.相等的；相同的；平等的→equally adv.同样地；平等地→equality n．平等 12．interrupt vi.& vt.打断讲话→interruption n．打断，打扰；中断时间 13．death n．死，死亡→die v．死亡→dying adj.垂死的→dead adj.失去生命的；不再使用的 14．loss n．丧失；死亡→lose vt.失去；丢失；使迷路→lost adj.丢失的；迷路的 15．operation n．行动，活动；手术；操作→operate v．运转；做手术；操作→operator n．接线员；操作者 16．conduct vt.实施；执行；进行vi.& vt.指挥→conductor n．指挥；售票员 17．protection n．保护；防护→protect v．保护；防护→protective adj.保护的；防护的 18．breathe vi.& vt.呼吸→breath n．呼吸→breathless adj.气喘吁吁的，喘不过气来的→breathlessly adv.气喘吁吁地 19．explorer n．探险者；勘察者→explore v．探索；探究；勘察→exploration n．探索；探究；勘察 20．preparation n．预备，准备→prepare v．准备；预备 21．anxiously adv.焦虑地；不安地；担忧地→anxious adj.焦虑的，担心的→anxiety n．忧虑，焦虑 22．ambition n．抱负，雄心；追求，夙愿→ambitious adj.有雄心的；野心勃勃的 23．cheerful adj.高兴的，兴高采烈的→cheer v．使高兴；欢呼 n．欢呼声 24．prove vt.证明；证实→proof n．证据 25．honesty n．坦诚；诚实，正直→honest adj.诚实的→dishonest adj.不诚实的 26．sincerity n．真诚，真挚，诚实→sincere adj.真诚的→sincerely adv.诚挚地 27．bravery n．勇气；勇敢的行为→brave adj.勇敢的→bravely adv.勇敢地 28．disappearance n．消失；消亡→disappear vi.消失；消亡；灭绝→appear vi.出现linking v．看来；似乎 1．impulsive/ɪm'pʌlsɪv/adj.冲动的，鲁莽的 2．route/ruːt/n.路线 3．lush/lʌʃ/adj.茂盛的，郁郁葱葱的 4．flock/flɒk/n.(羊或鸟)群 5．wreckage/'rekɪdʒ/n.残骸 6．conspiracy/kən'spɪrəsi/n.密谋，阴谋 7．imprison/ɪm'prɪzən/vt.监禁；禁锢 8．debunk/ˌdiː'bʌŋk/vt.证明(思想或观念)错误 9．skeptic/'skeptɪk/n.持怀疑态度的人 10．not pull any/your punches (批评时)毫不留情 11．cardboard/'kɑːdbɔːd/n.(硬)纸板，卡纸 12．nauseous/'nɔːziəs/adj.恶心的，想呕吐的 Ⅳ.背核心短语 1．turn one’s back (on sb/sth)对……置之不理，对……撒手不管 2．in the direction of朝……方向 3．on the edge of在……边缘；某事快要发生(尤指不好的事) 4．at great speed高速地 5．be/become curious about对……感到好奇 6．in the end最后 7．pick up去接(某人)；拿起；捡起；营救，搭救 8．breathe in吸气 9．run out用完；耗尽 10．on the way to...在去往……的路上 11．have difficulty with sth在某事方面有困难 12．break down停止运转，出故障；失败；垮掉 Ⅴ.悟经典句式 1．It took less than a single day to change my hair from black to white.(It takes/took sb some time to do...) 不到一天的时间，我的头发就由黑变白了。 2．I felt sick，as if I was falling from a mountain top in a dream.(as if 引导方式状语从句) 我觉得恶心，好像在梦中从山顶上掉下来似的。 3．The first，the larger the bodies were，the more rapidly they fell...(the＋比较级．..，the＋比较级．..) 第一，物体越大，下落越快…… 4．As you can see，the reason why I’m here to tell the story is that I made the right decision.(The reason why...is/was that...) 如你所见，我能在这里讲这个故事正是因为我做了正确的决定。 5．But what if I’m trapped？(what if...？) 但是如果我被困住了怎么办？ 6．Then came the total darkness of the polar winter.(全部倒装) 极地的冬季来临，四处一片黑暗。 7．The next to go was Captain Oates，who was having great difficulty walking.[have difficulty (in) doing...] 下一个离去的是奥茨船长，他连走路都很困难。 默写练习(一) Ⅰ.阅读单词(每小题1分，共13分) 1．drought n．旱灾，干旱 2．hurricane n．飓风 3．volcanic adj.火山的；由火山作用引起的 4．landscape n．风景，景色 5．weed n．野草；海藻 6．insect n．昆虫 7．dolphin n．海豚 8．shark n．鲨(鱼) 9．kangaroo n．袋鼠 10．jungle n．(热带)丛林 11．whirlpool n．旋涡 12．extent n．面积；长度；范围；程度 13．tube n．圆管，管子；(伦敦)地铁 Ⅱ.重点单词(每小题1分，共14分) 1．disaster n．灾难；灾祸 2．flood n．洪水，水灾 3．comment n．评论；意见 4．crowded adj.拥挤的；挤满人的 5．living adj.活的，活着的 6．climate n．气候 7．lecture n．讲座，讲课；演讲 8．wave n．海浪；波涛 9．escape vi.& vt.逃离；逃避 10. float vi.浮；漂 11．soul n．灵魂 12．rescue n．& vt.营救；救援 13．trap vt.困住；使陷于危险中 14．attempt n．& vt.努力，尝试，企图 Ⅲ.拓展单词(每小题2分，共10分) 1．ecology n．生态；生态学→ecological adj.生态学的；生态的 2．poetry n．诗歌；作诗的艺术→poem n．诗；诗歌→poet n．诗人 3．mystery n．神秘事物，难以理解的事物→mysterious adj.神秘的；不可思议的 4．observation n．观察；观察结果→observe v．观察；注意到；庆祝；遵守 5．loss n．丧失；死亡→lose vt.失去；丢失；使迷路→lost adj.丢失的；迷路的 Ⅳ.拔高词汇(每小题1分，共5分) 1．route n．路线 2．cardboard n．(硬)纸板，卡纸 3．wreckage n．残骸 4．conspiracy n．密谋，阴谋 5．not pull any/your punches (批评时)毫不留情 Ⅴ.核心短语(每小题3分，共15分) 1．turn one’s back (on sb/sth) 对……置之不理，对……撒手不管 2．in the direction of 朝……方向 3．on the edge of在……边缘；某事快要发生(尤指不好的事) 4．at great speed 高速地 5．be/become curious about 对……感到好奇 Ⅰ.词形变化填空(每小题2分，共18分) 1．The volcano erupted on Wednesday and a huge cloud of gas and dust from the eruption covered the whole sky.(erupt) 2．Looking at the newspaper in shock，the boy was shocked at the shocking news.(shock) 3．The two survivors told us how they survived the whirlpool，and we were amazed at their survival.(survive) 4．Horrible sound of the firecrackers frightened the dog greatly，and the dog trembled in horror.(horror) 5．The boy was curious about everything and he asked many questions curiously，so his father answered them to satisfy his curiosity.(curious) 6．The young man was equal to the job，but didn’t get equality in wages，which let him down.(equal) 7．We were having a meeting when a man interrupted it and everyone was annoyed at the sudden interruption.(interrupt) 8．Doctor Yuan Longping died in May,2021 and his death left Chinese in sorrow.Although he has been dead for quite a long time，we are still missing him.(die) 9．The frightening scene frightened my son and I gathered my frightened boy into my arms.(frighten) Ⅱ.选词填空(每小题2分，共10分) 1.I asked where Steve was and she nodded in the direction of the kitchen. 2．Being curious about various things benefits you greatly because it will help you to learn. 3．It won’t be easy in the beginning but we will make it in the end if we try our best. 4．As far as I am concerned，turning your back on your shortcomings only makes you fall behind others. 5．Hearing the sad story，all of the audience were on the edge of tears. Ⅲ.经典句型仿写(每小题5分，共15分) 1．昨天，我们花了一整个下午才穿过丛林。(It takes/took sb some time to do...) It took us a whole afternoon to go through the jungle yesterday. 2．令人生气的是，他们完全忽视了这些问题，好像它们从来不存在似的。(as if) It was annoying that they completely ignored these problems as if they had never existed. 3．令我失望的是，我越想成功，我犯的错误就越多。(the＋比较级．..，the＋比较级．..) To my disappointment，the more I wanted to succeed，the more mistakes I made. 默写练习(二) Ⅰ.阅读单词(每小题1分，共10分) 1．lamp n．灯 2．ski n．滑雪板vi.滑雪 3．polar adj.极地的，地极的 4．continent n．洲，大洲；大陆 5．tent n．帐篷 6．brochure n．小册子 7．aftershock n．(地震的)余震 8．metal n．金属 9．skiing n．滑雪运动 10．originality n．独创性；创造力 Ⅱ.重点单词(每小题1分，共17分) 1．damage n．伤害，损伤，损害 2．measure vt.估量，衡量；测量 3．overseas adv.在海外，在外国 4．site n．场所，地点 5．process n．过程，进程 6．battle n．较量，竞争；斗争；战斗 7．duty n．职责，义务；责任 8．suffering n．(肉体或精神上的)痛苦；折磨 9．nearby adv.附近 10．dust n．灰尘；尘埃 11．captain n．上校；队长；组长 12．base n．基地，大本营；基础vt.以……为基地 13．distant adj.久远的；遥远的 14．shelter n．避难所 15．varied adj.各种各样的，形形色色的 16．scary adj.可怕的，恐怖的 17. harmless adj.无害的 Ⅲ.拓展单词(每小题2分，共10分) 1．operation n．行动，活动；手术；操作→operate v．运转；做手术；操作→operator n．接线员；操作者 2．conduct vt.实施；执行；进行 vi.& vt.指挥→conductor n．指挥；售票员 3．protection n．保护；防护→protect v．保护；防护→protective adj.保护的；防护的 4．cheerful adj.高兴的，兴高采烈的→cheer v．使高兴；欢呼 5．prove vt.证明；证实→proof n．证据 Ⅳ.拔高词汇(每小题1分，共5分) 1．impulsive adj.冲动的，鲁莽的 2．imprison vt.监禁；禁锢 3．debunk vt.证明(思想或观念)错误 4．skeptic n．持怀疑态度的人 5．flock n．(羊或鸟)群 Ⅴ.核心短语(每小题2分，共10分) 1．pick up 去接(某人)；拿起；捡起；营救，搭救 2．breathe in 吸气 3．run out用完；耗尽 4．on the way to...在去往……的路上 5．have difficulty with sth在某事方面有困难 Ⅰ.词形变化填空(每小题2分，共18分) 1．The explorers told us many things about the exploration，which included many adventures.(explore) 2．My parents have made full preparations for the picnic，so now everything is well prepared.(prepare) 3．If you interact with others sincerely，they will be struck by your sincerity sooner or later.(sincere) 4．The old father，who was anxious about his son’s safe return，waited at the exit of the station with anxiety，twisting his hands anxiously.(anxious) 5．Those once ambitious young men sadly found that their ambitions had abandoned them.(ambition) 6．My father tells me to be an honest person and he believes that honesty is the best policy.(honest) 7．The brave boy jumped into the river bravely to save the drowning girl，and we all praised him for his bravery.(brave) 8．Many animals have disappeared in the past decades，but it appears that people don’t care about the disappearance of these species.(appear) 9．The air at the top of the mountain was hard to breathe and soon we became out of breath.My sister told me breathlessly that she would never come again.(breath) Ⅱ.选词填空(每小题2分，共10分) 1.My money is running out，so I must withdraw some from the bank this afternoon. 2．In the morning he opens the window wide and breathes in deeply. 3．Finally their marriage broke down because they often quarreled with each other fiercely. 4．No words are strong enough to express my gratitude to you for picking up my son at the airport instead of me. 5．He has difficulty with English，so I will try my best to help him with the extremely important subject. Ⅲ.经典句型仿写(每小题5分，共20分) 1．我不能和你一起去书店的原因是明天下午我有一个重要的会议要参加。(The reason why...is/was that...) The reason why I can’t go with you to the bookstore is that I have an important meeting to attend tomorrow afternoon. 2．接着从黑暗中传来一道我们从来没有听过的声音，我们的腿不由自主地颤抖。(全部倒装) Then came a voice out of the darkness we had never heard before and our legs trembled uncontrollably. 3．我感到很紧张，甚至觉得自己呼吸困难。(have difficulty in doing...) Feeling so nervous，I even felt I had difficulty in breathing. 4．我要是找不到走出这可怕树林的路可怎么办？我怕得打冷战。(what if) What if I couldn’t find the way out of this scary forest? I was chilled with fear. In fact，it was out of curiosity that I attended the lecture given by a famous explorer,1.who had just returned from a distant continent.2.Expecting(expect) to hear varied horrible experiences and mysteries in the process of his exploration，I went to the site cheerfully.He indeed shared some stories of battling against nature with bravery，in one of which his vehicle broke 3.down in the polar area because the gas had run out.4.Trapped(trap) in the scary snowstorm，he attempted 5.to call(call) for rescue through the phone，but it proved useless.Frightened and hungry，he was at a loss and was faced with death several times.He was walking anxiously until he 6.found(find) shelter in a nearby base.Besides，the suffering of wildlife shocked us.According to his 7.observation(observe)，millions of animals are on the edge of disappearance.Apart from natural 8.disasters(disaster) such as flood，drought，landslides，volcanic eruptions and hurricane，to some extent，too much greenhouse gas also caused damage to them.Instead of turning our back on the terrible climate，we should take measures to conduct wildlife protection.Having heard his lecture，I find 9.it everyone’s duty to keep the balance of ecology.Equally important is that we should hand out some brochures to teach people to observe 10.natural(nature) laws. 提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇 shock vt.使震惊；使难以置信n.休克；打击；震惊(shocking adj.令人震惊的shocked adj.感到震惊的) •in shock震惊地；休克 be numb with shock震惊得目瞪口呆 •be shocked by/at...对……感到震惊 be shocked to do...因做……而震惊 (1)(读后续写之心理描写) He was on the edge of breaking down，not uttering a word，but pointed to the distance in shock. (2)听到我的搭档住院的消息，我很震惊。与此同时，我很震惊地发现我别无选择，只能自己完成我们的项目。(2022·浙江1月，读后续写) I was shocked by/at the news that my partner was admitted to hospital.Meanwhile，I was shocked to find that I had no option but to finish our project on my own. (3) (读后续写之神态描写)看见从窗户喷出的可怕的浓烟，他惊呆了。 Seeing horrible heavy smoke shooting out of the window，he was numb with shock. escape vi.& vt.逃离；逃避；被遗忘；(气体、液体等)泄漏n.逃脱；逃避；漏出 •escape from从……逃脱；逃避…… escape doing/being done逃避(被)做某事 •have a narrow escape死里逃生；侥幸躲过 (1)The frightened deer attempted to escape being caught(catch) by the tiger，but in vain. (2)(读后续写之逃生)我离开帐篷才死里逃生。 我刚从里面逃出来它就烧毁了。 I had a narrow escape by leaving the tent.Hardly had I escaped from it when it burned down. survive vi.& vt.活下来；幸存；比……活得长(survivor n．幸存者 survival n．幸存；生还) survive sth幸免于；从……中活过来 survive on靠……存活下来 A survive B (by＋时间)　A比B活得长(……) (1)If the explorer couldn’t find his way out of the jungle，there would be little chance of survival(survive)． (2)All the survivors(survive) have been rescued from the horrible landslide and sent to a nearby shelter. (3)When I realized that the poor boy survived on discarded(丢弃的) food，a wave of sadness and sympathy washed over me. (4)To everyone’s shock，despite her poor health，she survived her husband by five years. curious adj.好奇的(curiosity n．好奇；好奇心 curiously adv.好奇地) •be curious about对……感到好奇 be curious to do sth极想做某事 •out of curiosity出于好奇 meet/satisfy one’s curiosity满足某人的好奇心 (1)Curious about the process of making a lamp，the boy went to the factory to make a careful observation. (2)出于好奇，我蹑手蹑脚地进入了破旧的牛奶房，在那里我发现了一只被蜘蛛网困住的蜂鸟。(2023·浙江1月，读后续写) Out of curiosity，I crept into the broken milking house，where I spotted a hummingbird trapped in spider-webs. (3)我们很想了解周围的植物，因此，为了满足我们的好奇心，我们好奇地探索高中校园。(2023·浙江1月，应用文写作) We were curious to learn about the plants around us and as a result，to meet/satisfy our curiosity，we explored the senior high campus curiously/with curiosity. equal adj.相等的；相同的；能胜任的n.同等的人；相等物linking v．与……相等，等于vt.比得上(equality n．平等；相等equally adv.相等地；公平地) •be equal to (doing) sth等于/胜任(做)某事 •equal sb/sth in (doing) sth在(做)某事上比得过某人/物 •without equal无与伦比 (1)The person I respect most is my head teacher who attaches great importance to honesty，sincerity，bravery and equality，so he treats each of us students equally.(equal) (2020·全国Ⅰ，书面表达) (2)(应用文写作之申请信)首先，没人在英语口语方面比得过我。同样吸引人的是，我的沟通技巧无与伦比。因此，我坚信我能胜任博览会志愿者的工作。 Firstly，nobody can equal me in oral English.Equally attractive is that I am without equal in communication skills.So I hold the firm belief that I am equal to the job as a volunteer for the fair. attempt n．& vt.企图；试图；尝试；努力(attempted adj.未遂的) •attempt to do sth尝试(试图)做某事 •make an attempt/attempts (to do sth) 尝试(做某事) at the first attempt第一次尝试 (1)Although he survived the attempted(attempt) murder，it took him quite a long time to return to normal. (2)我尝试向无家可归的人分发食物，但我笨手笨脚的。我不安地皱了皱眉。(2022·浙江6月，读后续写) I attempted/made an attempt to distribute food to the homeless people，but I was all thumbs.I frowned anxiously. (3)老师拍了拍我的肩膀，温柔地说：“你第一次尝试，失败是很正常的，坚持不懈很重要。”(2023·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写) My teacher patted me on the shoulder，saying gently，“It is quite normal for you to fail at the first attempt and perseverance matters.” measure vt.测量；估量；衡量linking v．量度为n.措施(measurement n．尺寸；大小；测量) •measure...by...用……来衡量…… be measured by/in用……来衡量/计算 •take measures/steps/action to do sth采取措施做某事 make sth to one’s measure照某人的尺寸做某物 (1)According to the lecture，you can’t measure someone by their appearances and the clothes they wear. (2)In that distant continent，trees are extremely tall，some measuring(measure) over 90 meters in height. (3)The tailor insisted that he should make clothes to my own measure. (4)我们只有采取适当的措施来提高环保意识，才能在不久的将来建成一个绿色的北京。(2023·北京，书面表达) Only if we take appropriate measures to promote/raise the awareness of environmental protection can we build a green Beijing in the near future. breathe vi.& vt.呼吸(breath n．呼吸breathless adj.气喘吁吁的，喘不过气来的) •breathe in/out 吸气/呼气 breathe a sigh of relief松了一口气 •in one breath一口气；同时 hold one’s breath屏息；屏气 take/draw a deep breath深呼吸 out of breath喘不过气 (1)Believe it or not，the first time I happened to read the newspaper Youth a couple of months ago，I felt an urge to finish reading it in one breath(breathe)．(2021·新课标Ⅰ，应用文写作) (2)It has been proved that in the daytime，plants breathe in carbon dioxide and breathe out oxygen. (3)(记叙文写作之活动介绍)大约两小时后，我们都到了山顶。尽管(累得)上气不接下气，但我们收获了美丽的风景。 About 2 hours later，we all reached the top.Though out of breath/breathless，we were rewarded with beautiful scenery. (4)(读后续写之乐于助人)我深吸一口气，跳入水中，救了那个溺水的女孩。在进行急救后，我屏住呼吸，等待她恢复意识。看到她正常呼吸之后，我松了一口气。 I took/drew a deep breath，dived into the water and saved the drowning girl.After conducting first aid，I held my breath，waiting for her to become conscious.After observing her breathe normally，I breathed a sigh of relief. anxiously adv.焦虑地；不安地(anxious adj.焦急的；不安的；渴望的anxiety n．忧虑，担心；渴望) •be anxious about sth/for sb为……担忧 be anxious to do/that...渴望(做)…… •with anxiety＝anxiously adv.焦急地 (1)The mother was anxious for her little son when knowing that he was frightened by a horrible accident. (2)(读后续写之心理描写)他焦虑地等待着结果，如坐针毡。 He was waiting for the results anxiously/with anxiety as if he had been on pins and needles. (3)大卫渴望参加越野赛，但是他害怕别人嘲笑他，他是如此不安以至于焦急的泪水顺着脸庞流了下来。(2022·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写) ①David was anxious to participate in/take part in the cross-country run.But he was scared of being laughed at by others.He was so anxious that tears of anxiety rolled down his cheeks.(be anxious to do；so...that...) ②David was anxious that he could participate in/take part in the cross-country run.But he was scared of being laughed at by others.So anxious was he that tears of anxiety rolled down his cheeks.(be anxious that；倒装句) run out用完；耗尽(主语为物，无被动语态) run out of用完；耗尽(主语为人) run across偶然遇见 run after追捕；跟踪；追求 run into撞上；偶然遇见；遇到(困难等) run for竞选；匆匆去取 用run短语的适当形式填空 (1)If they run out of certain daily necessities，Wilson will drive to the nearest store and purchase what’s needed.(2019·北京) (2)The explorer ran across/into much unexpected trouble despite the preparations he had made. (3)With a fierce dog running after it，the fox escaped into the jungle as fast as it could. (4)Jane’s energy was running out and then her husband emerged，making her smile through tears. (5)(应用文写作之建议信)Learning that you are running for the position of chairman of the Student Council，I am writing to inform you of some do’s and don’ts. break down 停止运转，出故障；失败；垮掉；消除(矛盾或情态等) break up 结束；(使)破碎；(使)散开 break in(不及物)破门而入；打断(谈话等) break into(及物)强行闯入；突然开始(笑、唱、跑等) break out (战争、火灾等)爆发；发生(无被动语态) break away from脱离；挣脱 用break短语的适当形式填空 (1)(应用文写作之求助信)Due to a terrible quarrel，we broke up and he even broke away from our organization.I don’t know how to break down our conflict，so could you please be kind enough to offer me some proposals? (2)We were discussing anxiously when he broke in，“Perhaps someone had broken into the room and set a fire to it，so the fire broke out.” the＋比较级．..，the＋比较级．..　The first，the larger the bodies were，the more rapidly they fell... 第一，物体越大，下落越快…… •“the＋比较级(＋主语＋谓语)，the＋比较级(＋主语＋谓语)”意为“越……，就越……”。 •“比较级＋and＋比较级”意为“越来越……”，表示本身程度的变化。 •“the more...，the less...”意为“越……，越不……”。 (1)The more roads and parking lots we pave，the less(little) water can flow into the ground to become groundwater. (2)(读后续写之心理描写)她越想这件事，就越感到害怕，手心在冒汗，心跳得厉害。 The more she thought about it，the more frightened she felt，her palms sweating and her heart pounding wildly. (3)我读的报纸越多，我的英语就越好。所以我真诚地希望你们的报纸越来越好，越来越多的人从中受益。(2021·新课标Ⅰ，应用文写作) The more I read the newspaper，the better my English is.So I sincerely hope that your newspaper will be better and better and more and more people will benefit from it. 用法点拨　“the＋比较级(...)，the＋比较级(...)”结构中，第一个“the＋比较级”相当于表示条件的状语从句，用一般现在时表示将来意义。 提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇 Ⅰ.一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍 1．observe (1)Though having lived abroad for years，many Chinese still observe traditional customs. C (2)“Life on Earth is kind of a box of spare parts for the inventor，” he says.“You put organisms in new relationships and observe what’s happening...”(2023·新课标Ⅰ) A (3)Could you tell me how you usually observe Harvest Day in your country？ B 2．break down (1)He broke down and wept when he heard the news. E (2)If you work hard like that，you will break down one day. D (3)Really，the truck my dad drove often broke down on the way，which made my dad in trouble.(2021·浙江6月，读后续写) A (4)Researchers in Spain and England have recently found that the worms of the greater wax moth can break down polyethylene，which accounts for 40% of plastics. B (5)All our plans broke down because of his opposition. C 3．conduct (1)The experiment of estimation he conducted showed that in some cases，the average of a large number of independent estimates could be quite accurate.(2023·新课标Ⅰ) D (2)The easiest way to accomplish this is to make sure you conduct yourself as a good neighbor should. E (3)The guide conducted us around the ruins of the ancient city. A (4)Most metals can conduct electricity. C (5)Dennis has recently begun a successful career conducting opera. B 4．快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的意思 (1)It was a shame for me to be lectured in front of the whole class. 训斥 (2)The emperor conferred(授予) a title on the brave soldier.头衔，称号 (3)He is seeking a large sum of damages from the airline for personal injury.赔偿金 (4)“We floated the idea to my mum of sharing a house，” says Kathryn Whitehead.提出 (5)Several of those who survived the accident have been taken to hospital in a state of shock.休克 (6)I’m sorry，but your name escapes me.被遗忘 Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识 1．I was shocked(shock) at the news that I got my privacy leaked as a result of using my smartphone. 2．The sailors steered the ship carefully to escape being harmed(harm) by the powerful waves. 3.Obviously，his survival(survive) depends on his perseverance to a degree. 4．Out of curiosity(curious)，the girl pressed the red button of the device regardless of the warning. 5．In my opinion，the young man is equal to the job on account of his creativity. 6．To my amazement，our first attempt to develop(develop) a new software was a great success. 7．We must take instant measures(measure) to ensure the safety of the project. 8．Many recommendations came up at the conference about wildlife protection(protect)． 9.In addition，taking a deep breath(breathe) before taking an exam can help you relieve your stress. 10．These businessmen anxiously(anxious) waited for the detailed contents of the latest policy. 11．With my money running out，I have to ask my sister to do me a favour by lending me a few dollars. 12．To make matters worse，his car broke down at a location where no help was accessible. 13．The more careful you are，the fewer(few) errors you will make. 14．My cousin，who is addicted to computer games，has difficulty concentrating(concentrate) on his academic work. 假如你是李华，在得知某地发生地震后，作为你校的学生会主席，你决定给灾区的中学生写一封慰问信，主要内容包括： 1.表达安慰； 2.救援队已到达进行援助； 3.表达希望和对其重建家园的信心。 完成句子 1．听说你们的家乡意外地发生了一场可怕的地震，我很震惊。(shock) 2．我很想借此机会向在地震中遭受巨大苦难的人们表达我最深切的同情和关心。(anxious；定语从句) 3．得知救援队已经赶到你们的家乡伸出援助之手，我松了一口气。(breathe a sigh of relief) 4．他们试图营救被困在废墟中的人们，完全将他们自身的安全抛在脑后，值得我们的尊重和钦佩。(attempt to do；现在分词短语作状语；非限制性定语从句) 5．在政府和全国人民的帮助下，更多的人避免了在灾难中丧生的命运。(escape doing) 组句成篇 把以上句子用适当的过渡词语和过渡句组成一篇80词左右的短文。 参考范文 Dear friends， I’m Li Hua，chairman of the Student Council.I am shocked to hear that a horrible earthquake unexpectedly broke out in your hometown. I am anxious to take this opportunity to express my deepest sympathy and concern for the people who suffered greatly in the earthquake.Learning that rescue teams have rushed to your hometown to lend a helping hand，I breathe a sigh of relief.They have attempted to rescue people trapped in ruins，totally leaving their own safety behind，which deserves our respect and admiration.What’s more，with the aid of the government and people across the country，more people have escaped being killed in the disaster. I’m fully convinced that everything will be fine though deeply affected by the earthquake，and the stricken area will recover soon. Yours， Li Hua 教材语料整合 亮词 [人物描写]　ambition；honesty；sincerity；bravery [情感描写]　shock；frightened；horrible；curious；anxiously；cheerful 美句 1.All at once，the sky was covered with dark clouds and in less than a minute we were in a terrible storm.(环境描写) 2.I felt sick，as if I was falling from a mountain top in a dream.(比喻句) 3.So I tied myself to a barrel to help me float.I tried to make my brother understand，but he was too frightened and stayed in the heavy boat.Without waiting，I jumped into the sea to try and escape.(动作描写) 4.Then the sky was clear，the wind calmer，and the moon was shining.(环境描写) 拓展语料积累　情感细节描写：恐惧与绝望 单词 shout v．大声喊叫 scream v．惊声尖叫 struggle v．挣扎；奋斗；艰难行进 hopeless adj.不抱希望的；无望的→hopelessly adv.绝望地；无望地 threat n．威胁→threaten v．威胁；胁迫 despair n．绝望 desperate adj.绝望的→desperation n．绝望 词块 in despair/desperation绝望地　fall into despair/sink into hopelessness/abandon oneself to despair陷入绝望　be in the depths of despair陷入绝望的深渊　give up all hope绝望　be thrown into a world of darkness被投入黑暗世界　be getting desperate with＋情感名词　因为……而感到越来越绝望　weep bitter tears of despair/desperation绝望得痛哭流涕　be seized with overwhelming despair绝望到极点　one’s eyes be glued to/be fixed on sb with disappointment失望地盯着某人 句型 Trapped in the flood，tears of horror and despair mixed with rain streamed down my face.(无灵主语句) 被困在洪水中，恐惧和绝望的泪水夹杂着雨水顺着我的脸流了下来。 I felt more frightened and sensed death was waiting for me. 我感到更加害怕，感觉到死亡在等着我。 As time went by，the faith that I could make it alive faded gradually. 随着时间的推移，我能活着的信念逐渐消退。 Despair/Desperation was written all over his pale face.(无灵主语句)他苍白的脸上写满了绝望。 A sense of despair swallowed/seized/took hold of him completely.(无灵主语句) 他完全被绝望吞没了。 His heart was torn with despair.他的心因绝望而被撕裂了。 语料运用　主题：自然灾害 Never ①have I experienced such a hopeless moment in my life.I was driving home when it rained cats and dogs.Stuck in the heavy rain，I struggled to make my way but in vain，②tears of horror and despair mixed with rain streaming down my face(独立主格)．What’s worse，my car began to shake increasingly wildly.I felt more frightened and sensed ③death was waiting for me(拟人)．④Thrown into a world of darkness and sinking into hopelessness(分词短语作状语)，I yelled at the top of my lung but no response.I was about to give up ⑤when my husband Joe came to my rescue.He approached me and opened the door，helping me get out of the car.After confirming the safety，we ⑥inched forward in the muddy water and eventually made it home safe and sound.⑦Only then did I get rid of my terror(倒装句)．Joe gathered me into his arms and kept patting my back，comforting me gently. 我一生中从未经历过如此绝望的时刻。我正开车回家，突然下起了倾盆大雨。我被困在大雨中，挣扎着前进，但没有成功，恐惧和绝望的泪水夹杂着雨水顺着我的脸流了下来。更糟糕的是，我的车开始越来越剧烈地摇晃。我感到更害怕，感觉到死亡在等着我。我被扔进了一个黑暗的世界，陷入了绝望，我扯着嗓子大喊，但没有回应。我正打算放弃，这时我的丈夫乔前来营救我。他走近我，打开车门，帮我下了车。确认安全后，我们在泥泞的水中慢慢前进，最终平安到家。直到那时，我才摆脱了恐惧。乔把我抱在怀里，不停地拍我的背，温柔地安慰我。 高考题型组合练1 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A(★) The cotton harvest is about to get underway in the Texas High Plains，the nation’s top cotton-producing region.But Barry Evans，like many others，has already walked away from more than 2,000 acres of his bone-dry fields. “It just didn’t come up.We hardly had anything，” said Evans，a third-generation cotton grower.“Although cotton varieties grown in this part of Texas are particularly developed and continuously improved to survive dry conditions，we still have to have a little bit of help from Mother Nature since much of the cotton grown in the region is rainfed.” Extreme heat and a dearth of rainfall have severely damaged much of this year’s cotton harvest in the US，which produces about 35% of the world’s crop.The US Department of Agriculture(DOA) forecast that more than 40% of what US farmers planted in the spring would be abandoned because of drought.Nowhere is more apparent than the flat，dry stretch of the Texas High Plains，which normally receives around 46 to 51cm of rain per year，but saw less than 7cm of rain from August through the summer. The region’s overall recovery from economic losses could take a few years.It is particularly true for factories that are dependent on cotton-processing.Todd Straley owns a cotton factory in the region.It normally processes around 100,000 bags of cotton each harvest.This year，he is expecting to process 12,000.As a result，he has no need to run the factory 24 hours a day as he normally would for the three months after the harvest. “Farmers have abandoned crops at such high levels that I just need around 18 full-time and seasonal workers this year，compared to 50 in years，while many factories just went out of business，” Straley said.“The losses this year will amount to $1 million for me.But profits from a strong harvest last year would help me to survive a little bit longer.” 语篇解读　这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲了极端高温和缺乏降雨严重破坏了美国今年的大部分棉花收成，尤其是在得克萨斯高平原。 1．What did Barry Evans mean in paragraph 2? A．Better cotton varieties had to be developed. B．Mother Nature could be defeated by technology. C．Human beings should live in harmony with nature. D．Cotton crops in the region were dependent on nature. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“Although cotton varieties grown in this part of Texas are particularly developed and continuously improved to survive dry conditions，we still have to have a little bit of help from Mother Nature since much of the cotton grown in the region is rainfed.”可知，在第二段中Barry Evans的意思是该地区的棉花作物依赖自然。故选D。 2．What can we say about the Texas High Plains? A．It suffered extreme heat waves and drought. B．It produces about 35% of the world’s cotton. C．It is unsuitable to plant drought-resistant cotton. D．The farms are irrigated with underground water. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“Extreme heat and a dearth of rainfall have severely damaged much of this year’s cotton harvest in the US，...”和最后一句“Nowhere is more apparent than the flat，dry stretch of the Texas High Plains，which normally receives around 46 to 51cm of rain per year，but saw less than 7cm of rain from August through the summer.”可知，得克萨斯高平原遭受了极端的热浪和干旱。故选A。 3．What are the last two paragraphs mainly about? A．The cotton farmers’ losses. B．The drought’s consequences. C．Todd Straley’s difficulties. D．The profits of cotton-processing. 答案　B 解析　段落大意题。根据倒数第二段前两句“The region’s overall recovery from economic losses could take a few years.It is particularly true for factories that are dependent on cotton-processing.”和最后一段中的“Farmers have abandoned crops at such high levels that I just need around 18 full-time and seasonal workers this year，compared to 50 in years，while many factories just went out of business”可知，最后两段主要是讲这场干旱带来的严重后果。故选B。 4．Where is the text most probably taken from? A．An interview. B．A disaster assessment. C．A DOA forecast. D．An agricultural report. 答案　D 解析　文章出处题。通读全文可知，文章介绍了极端高温和缺乏降雨给美国的棉花种植业造成的严重损失，所以这篇文章可能来自一篇农业报道。故选D。 B(★) (2024·福建厦门双十中学期中) Earthquake forecasting is one of the most ancient skills known to mankind.From ancient Greece to the present day，countless scientists have tried to develop tools to predict earthquakes.Their attempts usually focused on searching for reliable evidence of coming quakes. However，there are many reasons why predicting quakes is so hard.“We don’t understand some basic physics of earthquakes，” said Egill，a research professor at the California Institute of Technology.Scientists have also attempted to create mathematical models of movement，but precisely predicting would require great mapping and analysis of the Earth’s crust.Other challenges include a lack of data on the early warning signs，given that these warning signs are not yet entirely understood.Actually，real earthquake prediction is very similar to the diagnosis of potential human illnesses based on observing and analyzing each patient’s signs and symptoms.As it turns out，quake prediction is extremely difficult. Many sources show that earthquake forecasting was recognized science in ancient Greece.Ancient Greeks lived very close to nature and were able to detect unusual phenomena and forecast earthquakes.The first known forecast was made by Pherecydes of Syros about 2,500 years ago：he made it as he scooped water from a well and noticed that usually very clean water had suddenly become muddy.Indeed，an earthquake occurred two days later，making Pherecydes famous.Nowadays，seismic and remote-sensing methods are considered to have the greatest potential in terms of solving the earthquake prediction problem. Currently，Terra Seismic can identify a forthcoming earthquake with a high level of confidence.Generally，Terra Seismic does not predict a quake if the earthquake’s epicenter is located beyond a depth of 40km.Fortunately，such quakes are almost always harmless，since quake’s energy reduces before reaching the Earth’s surface.“Scientists have tried every possible method to try to predict earthquakes，” Bruneau said.“Nobody has been able to crack it and make a believable prediction.” 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了地震预测是人类一直追求的技术，并解释了地震预测困难的原因以及地震预测的历史和方法等。 5．What do we know about earthquake forecasting? A．Scientists have been passionate about accurately predicting earthquakes. B．As long as enough data is collected，earthquakes can be predicted. C．Mathematical models of motion can simulate and predict earthquakes. D．Scientists have not yet fully studied the structure of earthquakes. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段的“From ancient Greece to the present day，countless scientists have tried to develop tools to predict earthquakes.”可知，从古希腊到今天，科学家们一直热衷于准确预测地震。故选A。 6．How did Pherecydes successfully predict that earthquake? A．By seismic and remote-sensing methods. B．By observing unusual natural phenomena. C．By living in seismic zones throughout the year. D．By looking into data on the early warning signs. 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据第三段的“he made it as he scooped water from a well and noticed that usually very clean water had suddenly become muddy.Indeed，an earthquake occurred two days later”可推知，Pherecydes是通过观察到井水变浑浊的自然异象成功预测了那场地震。故选B。 7．What was Bruneau’s opinion about the current methods of earthquake prediction? A．He strongly believed the Terra Seismic can solve the difficult problem. B．He was sure that humans could accurately predict earthquakes in the future. C．He considered it harmless to humans for an earthquake deeper than 40km. D．He thought that scientists had no reliable method to predict earthquakes. 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据第四段的“Scientists have tried every possible method to try to predict earthquakes”及“Nobody has been able to crack it and make a believable prediction.”可推知，Bruneau认为科学家目前没有可靠的方法来预测地震。故选D。 8．What is the text mainly about? A．Why do humans predict earthquakes. B．How to protect oneself during an earthquake. C．What methods can be used to forecast earthquakes. D．When to achieve accurate earthquake forecasting. 答案　C 解析　主旨大意题。通读全文尤其是第一段可知，文章主要介绍了从古至今人类一直力图寻找准确预测地震的方法，故本文的主旨是预测地震的方法。故选C。 C (2024·福建福州检测) Feeling a hug from each other via the Internet may be a possibility in the near future.A research team led by City University of Hong Kong recently developed a wireless，soft e-skin that can both detect and deliver the sense of touch，and form a touch network allowing one-to-multiuser interaction.It offers great potential for improving the distance touch communication. While there are numerous devices in the market to simulate(模拟) the sense of touch in the virtual world，they provide only touch sensing or touch response.The uniqueness of the novel e-skin is that it can perform self-sensing and touch reproducing functions on the same interface. The e-skin is a 7cm×10cm,4.2mm-thick device containing 16 flexible actuators(驱动器)，a microcontroller unit，a Bluetooth module，and other electronics on a flexible circuit board.The actuator serves as the core part of the e-skin.Once the actuator is pressed and released by a force，a current is produced to provide electrical signals that are turned into digital signals by a converter(转换器) and then sent to another e-skin via Bluetooth.When the signals are received，a current is caused to reproduce the touch response on the receiver’s e-skin through mechanical vibration(振动)．The process can be reversed to deliver vibrations from the receiver’s e-skin to the corresponding actuator of the sender’s. The e-skin can communicate with Bluetooth devices and send data through the Internet with smartphones and computers to perform long-distance touch，and to form a touch Internet of Things(IoT) system，where one-to-one and one-to-multiple touch delivery could be realized.Friends and family in different places could use it to “feel” each other.This form of touch overcomes the limitations of space and greatly reduces the sense of distance in human communication. Next，the research team will focus on practical applications for people with visual disability，who could wear the e-skin to gain remote directional guidance and read Braille messages. 语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了一种可以让人们通过互联网感受“拥抱”的电子皮肤。 9．What is the unique feature of the e-skin? A．It provides hugs for users. B．It builds a social network. C．It provides touch sensing and copying. D．It monitors the process of self-sensing. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段的“The uniqueness of the novel e-skin is that it can perform self-sensing and touch reproducing functions on the same interface.”可知，这种电子皮肤的独特之处是提供并复制触感。故选C。 10．What does the underlined word “reversed” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Started. B．Disturbed. C．Completed. D．Exchanged. 答案　D 解析　词义猜测题。根据画线词上下文“When the signals are received...from the receiver’s e-skin to the corresponding actuator of the sender’s.”可知，接收器可以接收信号并模拟触觉，也可以将接收者的电子皮肤产生的震动发送给信号发出者的制动器。由此可知，这个过程是可以互换的。由此猜测画线词“reversed”意为“互换”，与exchanged同义。故选D。 11．What can we learn about e-skin? A．It strengthens bonds across distance. B．Its converter vibrates when working. C．It sends electrical signals to receivers. D．Its system delivers touch with phones. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第四段的“Friends and family in different places...reduces the sense of distance in human communication.”可知，这种电子皮肤减少了人们交流中的距离感，即它可以加强跨越距离的联系。故选A。 12．What would be the best title of the text? A．A Signal-sending Application B．An Invention for the Disabled C．A Device for Virtual Interaction D．A Long-distance Communication 答案　C 解析　标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了一种可以让人们通过互联网感受“拥抱”的电子皮肤，它通过提供和传递触感减少人们交流中的距离感。因此C项“一种虚拟互动的设备”可以作为本文最佳标题。故选C。 Ⅱ.七选五 You may feel your backbreaking and low-paid part-time summer job isn’t worth your effort.__1__ Here are some you can enjoy. When landing a job，you’ll put yourself into unfamiliar territory and learn how to survive and develop there.__2__ Whether it’s learning a new skill or dealing with a tough boss，you must rely on yourself for solutions，through which you can build up your self-belief. Hanging around all summer is a great way to relax，but it won’t contribute to your time management skill.__3__ This skill helps you decide what should be accomplished in a day and learn how to handle those things to make it happen，which involves prioritizing，planning and judging how much you can realistically finish.The best way to develop this skill is through practice.With loads of free time，you’ll likely not have to flex your time-management muscles. __4__ Take it easy.Most people change their minds many times before settling on their long-term career.Getting out into the workforce as a waiter at a cafe may not help you see what it’ll be like as a doctor but you’ll figure out whether you like to work with people or whether you can work efficiently under pressure.A summer job helps zero in on your likes and dislikes to evaluate your strengths and resolve your weaknesses. Chances are that your social circle is comprised of people in your age group.However，in a job，you’ll work with diverse groups of people，from whom you’ll learn varying viewpoints and experiences.__5__ A．Working will，though. B．But such jobs uplift willpower. C．Not sure of your future profession? D．Does a summer job help with college? E．Actually，its added bonuses go beyond your wallet. F．There’re various confidence-boosting challenges to overcome. G．You can develop friendships and increase your visibility as well. 语篇解读　这是一篇议论文。你可能会觉得你的暑期兼职工作不值得你付出努力，而实际上暑期工作能给你带来收入以外的意外收获。 1．答案　E 解析　上文提到你可能会觉得你的暑期兼职工作不值得你付出努力，下文则列举了几项益处，所以E项中的“Actually”能与上文形成转折关系，“its added bonuses”能与下文提到的好处相呼应。故选E项。 2．答案　F 解析　下文“Whether it’s learning a new skill or dealing with a tough boss”与F项中的“challenges”指代一致，且“build up your self-belief”呼应F项的“confidence-boosting”，故选F项。 3．答案　A 解析　上文说的是闲逛不会对你的时间管理技能有帮助，下文则说最好的方法是通过实践，与A项“然而工作可以(帮助你提高时间管理技能)”表达的含义一致，A项中的“though”与前文形成转折关系，符合语境。故选A项。 4．答案　C 解析　根据下文可知，本段主要说的是如果不确定你未来的职业，不要着急，利用暑期工作的机会评估一下，帮助你做出选择，与C项“Not sure of your future profession？”表达的含义一致，故选C项。 5．答案　G 解析　该空上文说的是暑期工作会让你走出你的社交圈，你可以从不同的群体中接触到各种观点和经历，与G项“你还可以发展友谊，增加受关注度”表达的含义一致，故选G项。 高考题型组合练2 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A(★) As a shift in the polar vortex(极地涡旋) swept across much of the US，many people in the country were hit with a sudden snap of cold.Heavy ice and snow coupled with fallen trees caused the outages in major cities，with companies unable to tell their customers when power will be restored. Polar vortices were noticed long ago.But the first known use of the term “polar vortex” was in a magazine in 1853.Polar vortices are present year-round，but we don’t hear about them until they cause problems.They maintain freezing temperatures at the North and South Poles by moving in tight counterclockwise patterns.Polar vortices grow stronger in winter and weaken in summer.They are kept in place at the poles by another atmospheric current called the jet stream.However，when the jet streams weaken，the cold winds of the polar vortex are pushed southwards and it is during this time that people begin to pay attention! In Texas，roads froze over，causing six traffic deaths，and many schools were shut down.People are not the only Earthlings to struggle with the cold.Crops and animals are also freezing.This could have major consequences，especially if herds of cattle die.If snow blocks cattle，the animals can’t reach basic necessities like food and fresh water. On a brighter note，some Texas cities were more prepared than others，for instance，Amarillo，which is located in North Texas，so they are more accustomed to colder temperatures.Amarillo is notable because the city was redesigned to stand up to severe winter storms.Officials have spread out fire stations to increase coverage of first responders，employed modified dump trucks for clearing ice，and upgraded civic centers to provide shelter during storms.Hopefully，other Texas cities will follow the good example set by Amarillo! 语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。极地涡旋会给人类的生命、财产带来巨大的威胁，但是好在人类已发现有效措施积极应对。 1．What does the underlined word “outages” refer to in paragraph 1? A．Traffic jams. B．Power struggles. C．Power cuts. D．Traffic accidents. 答案　C 解析　词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“with companies unable to tell their customers when power will be restored”可知，outages意为“断电”。故选C。 2．What can we learn about polar vortices? A．They grow stronger in summer. B．They are affected by jet streams. C．They were first observed in 1853. D．They move in a clockwise direction. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段最后两句“They are kept in place at the poles by...However，when the jet streams weaken，the cold winds of the polar vortex are pushed...！”可知，极涡会受到急流的影响。故选B。 3．What is the last but one paragraph mainly about? A．The definition of the polar vortex. B．The characteristics of the polar vortex. C．The ways to deal with the polar vortex. D．The serious impact made by the polar vortex. 答案　D 解析　段落大意题。根据倒数第二段“In Texas，roads froze over，causing six traffic deaths，and many schools were shut down...Crops and animals are also freezing...”可知，倒数第二段主要讲的是极地涡旋造成的严重影响。故选D。 4．Why is Amarillo striking? A．Because it is located in the north of Texas. B．Because it has been upgraded and modernized. C．Because it has been regarded as an example to other cities. D．Because it has taken effective measures to resist winter storms. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段第二、三句“Amarillo is notable because the city was redesigned to...to provide shelter during storms.”可知，阿马里洛引人注目是因为它已采取有效措施应对冬季风暴。故选D。 B A new study analyzing stone tools from southern China provides the earliest evidence of rice harvesting，dating to as early as 10,000 years ago.The researchers identified two methods of harvesting rice，which helped start rice domestication. To harvest rice，some sort of tools would have been needed.“For quite a long time，one of the puzzles has been that harvesting tools have not been found in southern China from the early Neolithic period or New Stone Age (10,000－7,000 Before Present)—the time period when we know rice began to be domesticated，” says lead author Jiajing Wang，an assistant professor of anthropology at Dartmouth. “However，when archaeologists(考古学家) were working at several early Neolithic sites in the Lower Yangtze River Valley，they found a lot of small pieces of stone，which had sharp edges that could have been used for harvesting plants.” “Maybe some of those small stone pieces were rice harvesting tools，which is what our results show.” In the Lower Yangtze River Valley，the two earliest Neolithic culture groups were the Shangshan and Kuahuqiao. The researchers examined 52 flaked(成薄片的) stone tools from the Shangshan and Hehuashan sites，the latter of which was occupied by Shangshan and Kuahuqiao cultures. To determine if the stone flakes were used for harvesting rice，the team conducted use-wear and phytolith residue(植物化石残渣) analyses. For the use-wear analysis，micro-scratches on the tools’ surfaces were examined under a microscope.The results showed that 30 flakes have use-wear patterns similar to those produced by harvesting siliceous(silica-rich) plants，likely including rice. Through the phytolith residue analysis，the researchers analyzed the microscopic residue left on the stone flakes known as “phytoliths”(silica skeletons of plants)．They found that 28 of the tools contained rice phytoliths. “What’s interesting about rice phytoliths is that rice husk and leaves produce different kinds of phytolith，which enabled us to determine how the rice was harvested，” says Wang. The findings from the use-wear and phytolith analyses illustrated that two types of rice harvesting methods were used—“finger-knife” and “sickle” techniques.Both methods are still used in southern China today. 语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。一项新的研究分析了来自中国南方的石器，提供了最早的水稻收割证据，可以追溯到一万年前。 5．What is the long-lasting puzzle about southern China? A．It has a history of 10,000 years. B．It produces many harvesting tools. C．Rice could hardly grow in that area. D．Ancient rice harvesting hasn’t been proven there. 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据第二段中“For quite a long time，one of the puzzles has been that harvesting tools have not been found in southern China...when we know rice began to be domesticated”可推知，关于中国南方的长期谜题是那里没有出现早期的水稻收割的证据。故选D。 6．In what tone do the researchers talk about their findings? A．Certain. B．Careful. C．Critical. D．Correct. 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据第四段“Maybe some of those small stone pieces were rice harvesting tools，which is what our results show.”可推知，研究人员用谨慎的语气谈论他们的发现。故选B。 7．On what basis was the use-wear analysis carried out? A．How the stones were used. B．Where the stones were found. C．When the stones were used. D．Whether the tools were used. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第八段内容可知，磨损分析是观察石具表面的使用痕迹，进而比对得出划痕是如何产生的，所以磨损分析的根据是石具是如何被使用的。故选A。 8．What can we infer from the last paragraph? A．Asian countries are promoting harvesting methods. B．Only two harvesting methods are still used in China. C．Rice domestication existed in southern China long ago. D．“Finger-knife” and “sickle” are very advanced techniques. 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，分析证明这两处新石器时代遗址中应用了两种在中国南方至今沿用的水稻收割技术，由此可推断出水稻驯化在中国南方早已存在。故选C。 Ⅱ.完形填空 (2024·山东潍坊联考) The Language of Flowers Ding dong！I looked up from the couch.Who in the world could that be？My body was troubled with illness，so I’d __1__ myself away.Friends telephoned，texted，emailed and sent cards.I didn’t __2__，thinking that I had nothing to offer anyone in the miserable condition I was in. I __3__ got up and opened the door to a flower delivery.As I put the flowers on my dining table，I was struck by its __4__.It was comprised of solitary blossoms of many varieties that shouldn’t really __5__ yet somehow did.The mystery flowers had come in a blue jar，without a card. Instead of returning to the couch，I __6__ the florist.He told me some of my friends were behind the __7__，secretly.“They wanted to get a __8__ to you，” he said，“through the language of flowers.” The group had followed him and picked very __9__ stems after consulting an old book.“I learned some things，” the florist said，then __10__：The red carnation(康乃馨) meant “Our hearts ache for you”．The yellow tulip(郁金香) wanted to see __11__ in my smile again.The pink carnation had a few __12__ words to say about never forgetting me. The more I understood what the flowers were __13__，the more I started to remember the woman who might have __14__ them before I separated myself from everyone and everything.My friends knew I was still that woman，with __15__ beyond my health. 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者因为疾病而开始隐藏自己、疏远朋友，而朋友们给作者快递花朵，通过花的语言，让作者重新振作起来。 1．A.hidden B．given C．driven D．broken 答案　A 解析　根据后文“I didn’t _____，thinking that I had nothing to offer anyone in the miserable condition I was in.”和文末的“before I separated myself from everyone and everything”可知，作者认为自己状态不佳，没有什么可以提供给别人的，所以是把自己藏起来了。故选A。 2．A.forbid B．accept C．act D．respond 答案　D 解析　根据文末的“before I separated myself from everyone and everything”可知，作者把自己藏起来，所以朋友们打电话、发短信、发邮件、寄贺卡，她都没有回应。故选D。 3．A.carefully B．unwillingly C．instantly D．cheerfully 答案　B 解析　根据前文“I didn’t _____，thinking that I had nothing to offer anyone in the miserable condition I was in.”可知，作者没有回应朋友们，不想被打扰，所以是不情愿地站起来开门。故选B。 4．A.size B．style C．uniqueness D．shape 答案　C 解析　根据后文“It was comprised of solitary blossoms of many varieties that shouldn’t really ____ yet somehow did.”可知，这束花由许多品种的花朵组成，这些花朵本来不应该在一起，所以作者是被它的独特性打动了。故选C。 5．A.go together B．stand out C．mix up D．fade away 答案　A 解析　根据前文“It was comprised of solitary blossoms of many varieties”可知，这束花由许多品种的花朵组成，它们本来不应该在一起。故选A。 6．A.informed B．thanked C．rewarded D．telephoned 答案　D 解析　根据后文“He told me some of my friends were behind...”可知，作者是在和花商对话，所以是给花商打电话。故选D。 7．A.delivery B．program C．mystery D．scene 答案　A 解析　根据前文“I ____ got up and opened the door to a flower delivery.”可知，此处指作者的朋友们在这次送花快递背后，即朋友们参与了。故选A。 8．A.companion B．message C．commitment D．gift 答案　B 解析　根据后文“through the language of flowers”可知，通过花的语言，传递的是信息。故选B。 9．A.expensive B．rare C．specific D．fresh 答案　C 解析　根据后文“The red carnation(康乃馨) meant ‘Our hearts ache for you’．The yellow tulip(郁金香)．..”可知，朋友挑选的都是具体的有特定意义的花。故选C。 10．A.explained B．clarified C．defined D．analyzed 答案　A 解析　根据后文“The red carnation(康乃馨) meant ‘Our hearts ache for you’．The yellow tulip(郁金香)．..”可知，花商在向作者解释花语。故选A。 11．A.pain B．fortune C．sympathy D．sunshine 答案　D 解析　根据前后文“wanted to see ____ in my smile again”并结合选项可知，黄色的郁金香代表想再次见到作者的微笑中的阳光。故选D。 12．A.modest B．tolerant C．formal D．meaningful 答案　D 解析　根据后文“never forgetting me”可知，是意味深长的。故选D。 13．A.involving B．saying C．smelling D．signing 答案　B 解析　根据前文“through the language of flowers”可知，花有语言，所以是花在说什么。故选B。 14．A.advocated B．confirmed C．required D．earned 答案　D 解析　根据后文“My friends knew I was still that woman”可知，女人指的是作者自己，结合作者现在封闭自己可推知，此处指作者开始记起之前那个可以赢得那些花的自己。故选D。 15．A.ambition B．value C．curiosity D．fantasy 答案　B 解析　根据前文“My friends knew I was still that woman”可知，作者的朋友认为作者还是一个坚强的人，作者的价值不是用健康状态来衡量的。故选B。 Ⅲ.语法填空 It’s easy to get overwhelmed when you have a lot on your plate.Between work 1.________(responsibility) and personal obligations，life can get stressful.It’s even 2.____________(bad) when you forget something important.By creating organized to-do lists，you can prioritize the things you need to do，keep track of 3.____________ still needs to be completed，and feel productive and prepared in all areas of your life. List all of the tasks that you need 4.____________(accomplish)．These can range from “finish the presentation for work next week” 5.____________ “find a present for Mom’s birthday next month”．Then sort your master list into categories.By creating separate lists，you can 6.____________(complete) focus your attention and energy on one set of tasks at 7.____________ time.Next，make your list aesthetically-pleasing(赏心悦目的)．This may sound superficial and 8.____________(necessary)，but it really can help change the way you look at your to-do list. Make your to-do lists for the current day only.Keep it simple！This will help you organize your tasks in order of priority，and you won’t feel overwhelmed while 9.____________(look) ahead at tasks for tomorrow，next week，or next month.Be realistic about what can 10.____________(finish) in 24 hours.Your daily to-do lists should have less than ten things，and maybe even less than five. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。当你有很多事情要做的时候，你很容易不知所措。文章介绍了处理这种境况的方法。 1．答案　responsibilities 解析　考查名词的复数。responsibility为可数名词，根据and后面的obligations可知，此处用名词复数。故填responsibilities。 2．答案　worse 解析　考查形容词的比较级。根据空前的even可知，此处用形容词bad的比较级形式worse。故填worse。 3．答案　what 解析　考查宾语从句的引导词。介词of后面是宾语从句，从句缺少引导词和主语，所填词起双重作用，连接代词what符合句意。故填what。 4．答案　to accomplish 解析　考查动词不定式作宾语。动词need后面跟动词不定式作宾语。故填to accomplish。 5．答案　to 解析　考查介词。固定搭配：range from...to...，意为“从……到……变动，从……到……范围”。故填to。 6．答案　completely 解析　考查副词。 focus是动词，应用副词修饰。故填completely。 7．答案　a 解析　考查不定冠词。固定短语：at a time意为“一次，每次”。故填a。 8．答案　unnecessary 解析　考查形容词作表语。句中sound是连系动词，后跟形容词作表语，结合句意可知应用necessary的否定形式unnecessary。故填unnecessary。 9．答案　looking 解析　考查现在分词作状语。 句子主语you和动词look之间是主动关系，用现在分词作时间状语。故填looking。 10．答案　be finished 解析　考查含情态动词的被动语态。该句含what引导的宾语从句，what在从句中作主语，和谓语动词finish之间是被动关系，是含情态动词的被动语态。故填be finished。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $