必修第二册 UNIT 4 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY（教师用书word）-【步步高】2025年高考英语大一轮复习讲义（北师大版）

Ⅰ.阅读单词——会意 1．app n．应用程序 2．self-focused adj.以自我为中心的；关注自我的 3．download vt.下载 4．avatar n．(网络上代表个人的)头像，虚拟替身，图标 5．identity n．身份；特征 6．2D (2-dimensional) adj.二维的 7．sex n．性别 8．sensible adj.朴素实用的；明智的，合理的 9．blog n．博客；网络日志vi.写博客 10．hairstyle n．发型，发式 11．virtual adj.虚拟的；模拟的 12．subscribe vi.订阅，订购 13．VR (Virtual Reality)虚拟现实 14．AR (Augmented Reality)增强现实 15．MR (Mixed Reality)混合现实 16．software n．计算机软件 17．device n．设置，装置 18．mobile device移动设备 19．button n．按钮 20．gender n．性别 21．goods n．商品 22．error n．错误；失误 23．trivial adj.没有什么价值的；微不足道的 24．tablet n．平板电脑；药片；碑，牌 25．emoji n．表情符号 26．thought-provoking adj.发人深省的，令人深思的 27．authority n．权威人士；专家 28．profile n．人物简介；传略 29．fantasy n．幻想作品 30．digitise vt.把……转变成数字形式，使……数字化 31．sailor n．水手，海员 32．wristband n．腕带 Ⅱ.重点单词——记形 1．impact n．影响；作用 2．addicted adj.对……着迷的；沉迷的 3．indeed adv.确实；当然 4．super adj.极好的，了不起的 5．image n．图像；形象 6．fancy adj.花哨的；别致的 7．trick vt.欺骗，诱骗，哄骗 n．把戏；技巧；诀窍 8．experiment vi.& vt.做试验，进行实验n.实验 9．nowadays adv.现今，现时 10．selection n．选择；供选择的同类物品 11．type vi.& vt.打；打字n.类型，种类 12．cheat vt.欺骗；欺诈 n．欺骗行为；骗子 13．view vt.看，把……视为 14．ensure vt.确保，保证 15．material n．材料；素材 16．confirm vt.确认；证实 17．replace vt.取代；接替 18．hug n．& vt.拥抱；紧抱 19．content n．内容 20．shallow adj.肤浅的，浅薄的 21．percent n．百分比；百分数 22．opinion n．意见；看法；主张 23．maintain vt.保持；维持 24．smartphone n．智能手机 25．brief adj.简洁的，简明的 26．series n．系列 27．author n．作者，作家 28．amazing adj.了不起的；惊人的 29．policy n．政策，方针 Ⅲ.拓展单词——悉变 1.enable vt.使可能，使发生；使能够→able adj.有能力的，能干的→disable vt.使残疾；使失去能力→disabled adj.残疾的；丧失能力的 2．convenience n．方便，便利→convenient adj.方便的，便利的→inconvenient adj.不方便的 3．effect n．效应；影响；效果→effective adj.有效的；产生预期效果的；起作用的→affect vt.影响；使感动；使感染(疾病) 4．recommendation n．建议，提议；推荐→recommend vt.建议；推荐 5．explore vt.探险；探究；探讨→explorer n．探险家；考察者→exploration n．探险；探索 6．personality n．个性，性格→personal adj.个人的→person n．人 7．admit vi.& vt.承认→admission n．承认；入场费；允许进入 8．alarm n．闹钟；惊恐，惊慌 vt.使惊恐→alarming adj.使人惊恐的；令人惊慌的→alarmed adj.担心的；害怕的 9．variety n．多样化，变化→various adj.各种各样的；千差万别的→vary vi.不同；变化→varied adj.各种各样的，形形色色的 10．creativity n．创造力；独创性→create vt.创造→creative adj.创造性的→creation n．创造(物) 11．obviously adv.明显地，显而易见地→obvious adj.明显的 12．concern n．担忧，忧虑 vt.与……有关；使担心→concerned adj.关切的，关心的→concerning prep.关于 13．accommodation n．住处；住宿；工作场所→accommodate vt.为……提供住宿；容纳 14．powerful adj.效能高的；强有力的；强壮的；有权势的→power n．能力；力量；权力；电力供应 15．latest adj.最新的；最近的→late adj.晚的；迟到的→lately adv.最近；不久前 16．reality n．现实；真实→real adj.真实的；真正的→really adv.真正地 17．account n．账户→accountant n．会计(员)；会计师 18．press vt.按→pressure n．压力 19．favour n．恩惠；善意的行为；支持→favourite adj.最喜欢的→favourable adj.赞成的；有利的 20．deliver vi.& vt.递送；传送；使分娩→delivery n．递送；配送；分娩 21．harm n．& vt.伤害，损害→harmful adj.有害的→harmless adj.无害的 22．argument n．论点；论据→argue v．争论；辩论 23．concentrate vi.专注，专心；集中注意力→concentration n．专注；集中 24．rewarding adj.有益的；有意义的→reward vt.& n．报答；回报；奖励 25．addition n．增添；添加→add v．增添；增加；补充说；(使)相加→additional adj.附加的；额外的；追加的→additionally adv.除此之外；此外 26．basis n．基础；基点→base n．基地，大本营；基础 vt.以……为基础→basic adj.基础的；基本的→basically adv.基本上 27．focus vi.& vt.集中(注意力) n．焦点→focused adj.注意力集中的 28．limiting adj.局限的，限制性的→limit vt.& n．限制→limited adj.有限的 29．location n．地点；位置→located adj.位于→locate vt.找出……的位置；使……坐落(于) 30．optional adj.可选择的；非强制的→option n．选择 31．imaginary adj.想象的，虚构的→imagine v．想象→imagination n．想象(力)；创造力→imaginative adj.富于想象力的；创新的 32．privacy n．隐私；私密→private adj.私人的；秘密的→privately adv.私下地 33．accessible adj.易懂的；易得到的→access n．途径；通路；机会；权利 vt.进入；接近 1．birthrate/'bɜːθreɪt/n.出生率 2．life expectancy预期寿命 3．harsh/hɑːʃ/adj.严厉的，苛刻的；艰苦的 4．lenient/'liːniənt/adj.宽大的，仁慈的 5．rebellious/rɪ'beljəs/adj.叛逆的；造反的 6．disobedience/ˌdɪsə'biːdiəns/n.不顺从，不服从，违抗 7．frustrating/frʌ'streɪtɪŋ/adj.令人懊丧的，令人懊恼的 8．precedent/'presɪdənt/n.先例，前例 9．productivity/ˌprɒdʌk'tɪvəti/n.生产率；生产量，生产力 10．stroke/strəʊk/n.中风 11．diabetes/ˌdaɪə'biːtiːz/n.糖尿病 12．dementia/dɪ'menʃə/n.痴呆 Ⅳ.背核心短语 1．be addicted to沉迷 2．a variety of各种各样的 3．enable sb to do...使某人能够做…… 4．instead of代替，而不是 5．more than多于；不仅仅；非常 6．look forward to盼望，期盼 7．point out指出 8．more or less或多或少 9．be concerned with关心…… 10．in addition除此之外 11．focus on关注 12．compare to与……相比 13．not necessarily 不一定 14．stay in touch with 和……保持联系 15．on the move 在行进中；在移动中 16．on the basis of根据；以……为基础 17．share sth with sb和某人分享某物 18．care for照顾；喜欢 Ⅴ.悟经典句式 1．These digital identities，known as avatars，are a key part of how people use the Internet to communicate and express themselves.(过去分词短语作后置定语) 这些数字身份，被称作“虚拟形象”，是人们利用互联网进行交流和表达自己的关键部分。 2．While the Internet can bring people closer together，it can also harm friendships.(while引导让步状语从句) 虽然互联网可以让人们更亲近，但它也会损害友谊。 3．According to a parenting expert，Denise Daniels，communicating through a screen makes it more difficult for children to concentrate or show kindness to others.(it 作形式宾语) 根据育儿专家丹尼斯·丹尼尔斯的说法，通过屏幕交流会使儿童更难集中注意力或对他人表示善意。 4．You can stay in touch with friends no matter where you are or what you are doing.(“no matter＋特殊疑问词”引导让步状语从句) 无论你在哪里，在做什么，都可以和朋友保持联系。 5．To me，this is a very thought-provoking argument，as it points out the benefits of online friendships.(as 引导原因状语从句) 对我来说，这非常发人深省，因为它指出了线上友谊的好处。 6．That’s why I believe that books about foreign cultures or imaginary worlds are the best！(That is why...) 那就是为什么我认为关于外国文化或想象世界的书是最好的！ 默写练习(一) Ⅰ.阅读单词(每小题1分，共10分) 1．self-focused adj.以自我为中心的；关注自我的 2．download vt.下载 3．identity n．身份；特征 4．sensible adj.朴素实用的；明智的，合理的 5．blog n．博客；网络日志vi.写博客 6．hairstyle n．发型，发式 7．virtual adj.虚拟的；模拟的 8．subscribe vi.订阅，订购 9．software n．计算机软件 10．mobile device 移动设备 Ⅱ.重点单词(每小题1分，共11分) 1．impact n．影响；作用 2．indeed adv.确实；当然 3．super adj.极好的，了不起的 4．image n．图像；形象 5．fancy adj.花哨的；别致的 6．trick vt.欺骗，诱骗，哄骗 7．experiment vi.& vt.做试验，进行实验n.实验 8．nowadays adv.现今，现时 9．selection n．选择；供选择的同类物品 10．type vi.& vt.打；打字n.类型，种类 11．cheat vt.欺骗；欺诈 Ⅲ.拓展单词(每小题2分，共14分) 1．personality n．个性，性格→personal adj.个人的→person n．人 2．alarm n．闹钟；惊恐；惊慌 vt.使惊恐→alarming adj.使人惊恐的；令人惊慌的→alarmed adj.担心的；害怕的 3．obviously adv.明显地，显而易见地→obvious adj.明显的 4．accommodation n．住处；住宿；工作场所→accommodate vt.为……提供住宿；容纳 5．latest adj.最新的；最近的→late adj.晚的；迟到的→lately adv.最近；不久前 6．reality n．现实；真实→real adj.真实的；真正的→really adv.真正地 7．account n．账户→accountant n．会计(员)；会计师 Ⅳ.拔高词汇(每小题1分，共5分) 1．birthrate n．出生率 2．rebellious adj.叛逆的；造反的 3．precedent n．先例，前例 4．stroke n．中风 5．dementia n．痴呆 Ⅴ.核心短语(每小题2分，共10分) 1．be addicted to沉迷 2．a variety of各种各样的 3．instead of代替，而不是 4．more than 多于；不仅仅；非常 5．more or less或多或少 Ⅰ.词形变化填空(每小题2分，共20分) 1．He had to admit that it was not easy to gain admission to the Buckingham Palace.(admit) 2．Last year he came to power and became the most powerful man in the company.(power) 3．For various reasons，our school organizes varieties of activities，varying from basketball matches to English speech competitions.(vary) 4．It’s very convenient for me to buy some foods because there is a convenience store near my home.(convenient) 5．The effective measures the government has taken will have great effects on people’s life.(effect) 6．The young man was recommended as manager of the big company thanks to the recommendation letter of his professor.(recommend) 7．Many explorers are exploring the unknown area and their exploration(s) may change our former opinion of the place.(explore) 8．A terrible traffic accident disabled the man two years ago.However，his new facility enables him to be able to walk better.(able) 9．The public are concerned about food safety，because it concerns people’s health.It is hoped that the authorities can really do something about the issue concerning public health.(concern) 10．The young man created a machine to solve the tricky problem in a creative way and his company awarded him a large amount of money for his creativity/creation.(create) Ⅱ.选词填空(每小题3分，共15分) 1．I am looking forward to visiting the art gallery together with my best friends next week. 2．The kind-hearted old man pointed out that the road was not safe in winter. 3．Some students are addicted to the Internet and cannot focus on school and family life. 4．In a word，good listening enables us to get closer to each other in our routine life. 5．There is no denying that the Amazon rainforest is home to a variety of plant species. Ⅲ.经典句型仿写(每小题5分，共15分) 1．尽管网络购物改变了我们的生活，但并不是它所有的影响都是积极的。(while引导让步状语从句) While online shopping has changed our life，not all its effects have been positive. 2．一场突如其来的大雨使他们更难找到回家的路，他们变得越来越焦虑。(it作形式宾语) An unexpected heavy rain made it more difficult for them to find their way back home，and they became increasingly anxious. 3．他们正在谈论那个年轻人制作的图表。(过去分词短语作后置定语) They are talking about the chart made by that young man. 默写练习(二) Ⅰ.阅读单词(每小题1分，共10分) 1．button n．按钮 2．gender n．性别 3．goods n．商品 4．error n．错误；失误 5．tablet n．平板电脑；药片；碑，牌 6．authority n．权威人士；专家 7．profile n．人物简介；传略 8．fantasy n．幻想作品 9．sailor n．水手，海员 10．wristband n．腕带 Ⅱ.重点单词(每小题1分，共13分) 1．ensure vt.确保，保证 2．material n．材料；素材 3．confirm vt.确认；证实 4．replace vt.取代；接替 5．hug n．& vt.拥抱；紧抱 6．content n．内容 7．shallow adj.肤浅的，浅薄的 8．opinion n．意见；看法；主张 9．maintain vt.保持；维持 10．brief adj.简洁的，简明的 11．author n．作者，作家 12．addicted adj.对……着迷的；沉迷的 13．policy n．政策，方针 Ⅲ.拓展单词(每小题2分，共12分) 1．addition n．增添；添加→add v．增添；增加；补充说；(使)相加→additional adj.附加的；额外的；追加的→additionally adv.除此之外；此外 2．focus vi.& vt.集中(注意力) n．焦点→focused adj.注意力集中的 3．location n．地点；位置→located adj.位于→locate vt.找出……的位置；使……坐落(于) 4．optional adj.可选择的；非强制的→option n．选择 5．imaginary adj.想象的，虚构的→imagine v．想象→imagination n．想象(力)；创造力→imaginative adj.富于想象力的；创新的 6．privacy n．隐私；私密→private adj.私人的；秘密的→privately adv.私下地 Ⅳ.拔高词汇(每小题1分，共5分) 1．harsh adj.严厉的，苛刻的；艰苦的 2．disobedience n．不顺从，不服从，违抗 3．productivity n．生产率；生产量，生产力 4．diabetes n．糖尿病 5．frustrating adj.令人懊丧的，令人懊恼的 Ⅴ.核心短语(每小题2分，共10分) 1．compare to与……相比 2．not necessarily 不一定 3．stay in touch with 和……保持联系 4．on the move 在行进中；在移动中 5．on the basis of 根据；以……为基础 Ⅰ.词形变化填空(每小题2分，共20分) 1．He pressed the button and then told his assistant that he was under great pressure.(press) 2．My brother must be my mother’s favourite child，for my mother is in favour of whatever he says.(favour) 3．The delivery man promised to deliver free of charge within 48 hours.(deliver) 4．Drinking a little is harmless，but too much alcohol will be harmful to your health.(harm) 5．Though I was not rewarded with money，I felt it rewarding to help those in need.(reward) 6．In class，the naughty boy has little power of concentration.As a result，he can not concentrate on what his teacher says.(concentrate) 7．Free Internet access at home is a huge step in making online education accessible to everybody.(access) 8．Mr White was fed up with arguing with his wife，because argument can’t solve any problems.(argue) 9．We based/base our theory on practice，considering some basic factors.(base) 10．To achieve our goal is not easy.For one thing，time is limited.For another，lacking money is also a limiting factor.(limit) Ⅱ.选词填空(每小题3分，共15分) 1．You should stop focusing on whom to blame and start centering on how to improve the situation. 2．The company provides cheap Internet access.In addition，it makes shareware freely available. 3．Today many of my students are concerned with their grades rather than the knowledge they have gained. 4．My dear father，you brought me into this world，cared for me and loved me. 5．To save some money，she shared a house with three other students last semester. Ⅲ.经典句型仿写(每小题5分，共15分) 1．无论你想买什么，你都可以在网上找到这些商品。(“no matter＋特殊疑问词”引导让步状语从句) No matter what you want to buy，you can find the goods online. 2．由于我们都不知道怎么去公园，我们不得不问路。(as引导原因状语从句) As all of us didn’t know how to get to the park，we had to ask for directions. 3．周四这间教室会被占用，那就是为什么我们将在201上课。(That is why...) The classroom will be occupied on Thursday.That is why we will have classes in 201. Nowadays，it is not unusual for a person to have such mobile devices as a smartphone or a tablet.Obviously，social apps on them enable you 1.to do(do) a variety of things.For example，you can buy super goods，ask for recommendations on hairstyles，subscribe to newspapers，and even download the latest learning materials.Some educational apps are becoming very powerful,2.which makes a series of famous teachers’ amazing lessons accessible to ordinary students.3.While/Though/Although these apps have indeed brought people so much convenience and have had a positive effect，we have to admit they can harm us to an extent.Firstly，students are so addicted to social media 4.that neither can they concentrate on study nor can they explore the real world.Secondly，some are only concerned with their shallow online 5.popularity(popular) and don’t maintain the rewarding friendships in reality,6.making(make) them self-focused.In addition，people are likely to be tricked if they are too trusting(轻信的)．Evil people might create false identities and they often have several avatars of different 7.types(type)，such as sensible ones，good-looking ones and fancy ones.One cheat might be chatting with you under different identities.8.Consequently(consequent)，do remember to protect your privacy and don’t tell your bank account to anyone unless his identity has been confirmed.Lastly，the contents of some blogs are not 9.healthy(health)．In brief，nothing is 100 percent good.In my opinion，you must focus on your online safety when these apps 10.are used(use)． 提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇 admit vi.& vt.承认；接纳；准许……进入(admission n．承认；准许进入；入场费) admit doing/having done sth承认做过某事 admit sb/sth as/to be承认某人/物是…… admit (that)承认…… be admitted to/into被接收(入学/入院/入党等)；被录取 (1)Gordon says the HUNCH program has an impact on college admissions(admit) and practical life skills. (2)(读后续写之情绪描写)他含着眼泪承认他在期末考试中作弊了，并保证再也不会这样做了。 With tears in his eyes，he admitted cheating/having cheated/that he had cheated in the end-of-term examination and he ensured that never would he do that again. (3)(应用文写作之祝贺信)得知你已被北京大学——一所公认的中国顶尖大学——录取，我写信向你表示诚挚的祝贺。 Learning that you have been admitted into/to Peking University (which/that is) admitted as/to be a top university in China，I am writing to offer sincere congratulations to you. concern vt.与……有关，涉及；使担心n.担忧，忧虑(concerned adj.关切的，关心的；担心的；有关的 concerning prep.关于) •show/express concern for/about对……表示关心 •as far as...be concerned就……而言 be concerned about对……担心/关心 be concerned with关心……；与……有关 (1)The instant I heard that my partner was ill，I was concerned about him.To express my concern for/about him，I bought some fruits and strode to the hospital.(2022·浙江1月，读后续写) (2)我写信是想邀请你参加我们关于如何提高英语写作的在线谈话。在我看来，作为一个母语为英语的人，你可以给我们一些实用的建议。(2022·北京，书面表达) I am writing to invite you to our online talk concerning/which is concerned with how to improve English writing.As far as I am concerned，as a native speaker，you can offer us some sensible recommendations. view vt.看，把……视为；观看；考虑n.看法；视野；景色(viewer n．观看者；电视观众) •view...as...认为……是…… •in view of鉴于；由于；考虑到 in one’s view(＝from one’s point of view) 在某人看来 come into view进入视野；看得见 have a good view of清楚地看到；饱览 (1)As soon as I pressed the button，a beautiful virtual picture came into view. (2)最后简爬到了顶端，在那里她可以清楚地看到山脉和森林。 Finally，Jane climbed to the top where she could have a good view of the mountains and forests. (3)考虑到我家庭的窘境，我最终决定上交我挣的所有的钱，因此我疾步跑回家，想着爸爸一定会认为我是一个体贴的孩子。(2021·浙江6月，读后续写) In view of my family’s awkward situation，I finally determined to hand in all the money I earned，so I sprinted home，thinking that my father would definitely view me as a caring child. (4)(读后续写之升华句)尽管这个礼物不值钱，但我非常珍惜它。在我看来，真正重要的是其中所包含的爱。 Although this present isn’t worth much，I value it very much.From my point of view/In my view，it’s the love contained in it that really counts.(强调句型) favour n．帮助；偏爱；赞同；恩惠；善意的行为vt.喜爱；偏袒；有利于(favourable adj.赞许的；有利的favourite adj.最喜爱的 n．最喜爱的事物) ask sb a favour＝ask a favour of sb 求某人帮一个忙 do a favour for sb＝do sb a favour帮某人一个忙 owe sb a favour欠某人的人情 in favour of赞成；支持 in sb’s favour对某人有利 (1)In reality，I am in favour of the creative suggestion on how to create a favourable(favour) learning environment in our class. (2)每当我请他帮忙时，我真诚的朋友都会毫不犹豫地来帮助我，所以我欠他一个人情。 Whenever I ask him a favour/ask a favour of him，my genuine friend will come to my aid without hesitation，so I owe him a favor. (3)(应用文写作之求助信)我写这封信，希望您能够在即将到来的面试中帮助我。在您的帮助下，整个形势会对我有利。 I’m writing this letter，hoping that you can do me a favour/do a favour for me with my coming interview.With the help of you，the whole situation will be in my favour. harm n．& vt.伤害；损害(harmful adj.有害的；造成损害的harmless adj.无害的) •do harm to sb＝do sb harm伤害某人 There is no harm in doing...做……无害处。 •be harmful to对……有害 (1)我很高兴收到你的电子邮件，说你已经决定摆脱对电子游戏的瘾，它对你有害。(2022·天津4月，书面表达) How delighted I am to receive your e-mail saying that you have determined to get rid of your addiction to video games，which is harmful to/does harm to/harms you. (2)我的老师给了我一个鼓励的微笑，说：“在我看来，参加写作比赛并没有什么坏处。”(2023·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写) My teacher cast me an encouraging smile，saying，“In my opinion，there is no harm in entering a writing contest.” argument n．论点；论据；争论；争辩(argue v．争论；劝说；主张) •beyond argument 无可争辩 •argue with sb about/over sth与某人争论某事 argue for/against (doing) sth据理支持/反对(做)某事 argue sb into/out of doing sth说服某人做/不做某事 argue that...提出理由说明；主张…… (1)(话题写作之在线学习)最近，我们学生就是否应该在线学习的问题争论不休。一方面，一些学生支持在线学习。他们认为自己可以接触到各种各样的资源。此外，无可争辩的是，他们可以在任何时间和地点学习。另一方面，其他人因为网上的太多不健康信息而反对在线学习。 Recently we students have argued with each other about/over whether we should study online.On the one hand，some students argue for studying online.They argue that they can be exposed to a variety of resources.In addition，it is beyond argument that they can study at any time and places.On the other hand，others argue against online learning on account of too much unhealthy information on the Internet. (2)令我非常高兴的是，我终于说服了大卫参加越野跑，它被认为是一项有益的活动。(2022·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写) To my great joy，I finally argued David into taking part in the cross-country run，which was viewed as a rewarding activity. replace vt.取代；代替；接替 •replace A with/by B　用B替代A •take the place of＝take one’s place代替；替代 in place of＝instead of代替 (1)在老师的鼓励和指导下，我内心的紧张和恐惧终于被对写作比赛的兴趣所取代。(2023·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写) With my teacher’s encouragement and guidance，my inner nervousness and fear were finally replaced with/by interest in the writing contest. (2)(议论文写作之新技术的利弊)如今，已经证实智能手机和平板电脑不能完全取代老师。 Nowadays it has been confirmed that smartphones and tablets can’t replace/take the place of teachers completely. (3)首先，为了建设绿色北京，我们应该呼吁人们使用公共交通工具来代替私家车。(2023·北京，书面表达) First and foremost，to build a Green Beijing，we ought to appeal to people to use public transportation in place of/instead of private cars. rewarding adj.有益的；有意义的(reward vt.奖励；酬谢n.报酬；奖励) •reward sb for (doing) sth因(做)某事而奖赏/酬谢某人 reward sb with sth用某物奖赏/回报某人 •in reward for为奖赏……；为报答…… as a reward for作为对……的奖赏/回报 (1)I hugged him tightly，whispering，“You will be rewarded for your generosity in the future.” (2)通过这次有益的经历，除了服务时间，我得到了更有价值的回报：每一个微小的善举都会产生影响。(2022·浙江6月，读后续写) Through the rewarding experience，apart from the service hours，I was rewarded with something more valuable: Every small action of kindness makes an effect. (3)(应用文写作之感谢信)我很乐意带你游玩北京，以报答你的慷慨帮助。 I’m more than willing to show you around Beijing in reward for/as a reward for your generous help. basis n．基准，准则；基础；基点(base n．基部；基地；基础vt.以……为根据basic adj.基础的) • on the basis of在……的基础上 on a daily/regular basis每天/定期 •base...on/upon...把……建立在……的基础上 be based on/upon以……为根据(基础) (1)(应用文写作之告知信)I am writing to inform you of some basic(base) table manners，which can ensure that your visit to your friend is enjoyable. (2)正如你在短视频中看到的，英语口语俱乐部的成员把每天用英语彼此交流当成习惯。基于大量的练习，他们逐渐讲出了一口流利的英语。(2022·天津6月，书面表达) As you see in the short video clip，Spoken English Club members make it a habit to communicate with each other in English on a daily basis.On the basis of/Based on/upon much practice，they have gradually spoken fluent English. focus vi.& vt.集中(注意力) n．焦点 •focus(...)on/upon...(把……)集中于…… •the focus of ……的焦点/中心 (1)(应用文写作之建议信)Take a deep breath and relax yourself instead of focusing your attention on/upon what brings you stress，and you will fall asleep soon. (2)头发打结，南瓜肉盖着鼻子，我成了观看这条发布在网上的视频的那些人关注的焦点。(2021·浙江1月，读后续写) Hair in knots and nose covered by pumpkin pulp，I became the focus of the attention of those who viewed the video posted online. (3)(读后续写之动作描写)那么多眼睛盯着我，我的脸涨得通红，开始结结巴巴地进行我的演讲。 With so many eyes focused on/upon me，I blushed and began to stumble over my speech. 用法点拨　表示“集中(注意力)于……”的短语还有be absorbed in，put one’s heart into，be buried in，apply oneself to等。 While 引导让步状语从句　 While the Internet can bring people closer together，it can also harm friendships.虽然互联网可以让人们更亲近，但它也会损害友谊。 while既可用作连词，也可用作名词。 •表示“当……的时候”，引导时间状语从句； •表示“虽然；尽管”，引导让步状语从句，相当于though或although； •表示“而；却”，是并列连词，构成并列句； •用作名词，表示“一会儿；一段时间”。 (1)正如古老谚语所说：“趁热打铁。” As the old saying goes，“Strike while the iron is hot.” (2)(读后续写之升华句)尽管我们不能预测未来会发生什么，但我们可以用决心和爱指引自己。 While we can’t predict what will happen in the future，we can guide ourselves with determination and love. (3)参观这次展览的时候，我们不仅可以欣赏民间艺术品，而且可以学到很多东西。 While (we are) visiting this exhibition，we can not only enjoy the folk artworks but also learn a lot. (4)根据上面的图表，18%的学生更喜欢阅读英语书籍，而12%的学生可以访问英语学习网站。(2022·全国乙，书面表达) On the basis of the above chart,18% of the students prefer to read English books while 12% are accessible to English learning websites. 用法点拨　(1)while表示“虽然”时，不和连词but连用。 (2)while还可以引导省略结构，后直接跟现在分词、过去分词、名词、形容词或介词短语。 it 作形式宾语　According to a parenting expert，Denise Daniels，communicating through a screen makes it more difficult for children to concentrate or show kindness to others.根据育儿专家丹尼斯·丹尼尔斯的说法，通过屏幕交流会使儿童更难集中注意力或对他人表示善意。 当不定式短语或从句等作宾语时，多用it作形式宾语，构成的句型主要有： •consider/think/suppose/feel/find/make/believe＋it＋adj./n.＋to do sth/that... •类似句型还有：like/dislike/hate/love/appreciate/enjoy/owe＋it＋when/if从句 •take it for granted that...认为……理所当然 see to it that...确保…… depend/rely on it that...指望…… (1)The author’s brief introduction made it possible for us to learn(learn) about the content of the book. (2)我曾经理所当然地认为父母应该在我需要的时候给我钱，但那时我觉得我有责任为家庭尽我的一份力。 I used to take it for granted that parents should give me money whenever I needed it，but at that time I felt it my duty to do my part for the family.(2021·浙江6月，读后续写) (3)如果您能考虑我关于如何改善我们英语口语学习氛围的建议，我将不胜感激。(2023·新课标Ⅰ，应用文写作) I would appreciate it if you could consider my suggestions on how to improve the learning atmosphere of our oral English. (4)我可以确保，如果我们互相支持和鼓励，我们可以摆脱我们的坏习惯，让我们一起做更好的自己。(2022·天津4月，书面表达) I can see to it that we can get rid of our bad habits if we support and encourage each other and let’s better ourselves together. (5)他被认为是一个活雷锋，很明显，你可以相信他会在你需要的时候帮助你。(2023·天津3月，书面表达) He is admitted as a living Lei Feng and obviously，you can depend/rely on it that he will come to your aid whenever necessary. 提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇 Ⅰ.一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍 1．fancy A.vt.想要；喜欢　B.vt.想象；设想　C.vt.认为……会成功/赢　D.adj.昂贵的　E.adj.精致的　F.adj.花哨的 (1)Which team do you fancy winning the Speech Competition this year？ C (2)I feel greatly honored to be invited to a restaurant with fancy prices. D (3)Do you fancy going to the dance on Saturday night？ A (4)I just wanted a simple black dress，nothing fancy. F (5)Guests were told to come in fancy dress，and therefore，I must borrow one from my best friend. E (6)I can’t fancy her to be a teacher and it is beyond my imagination. B 2．快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的意思 (1)Once，when trying a certain trick on the beam(横杆)，I fell onto the stones，damaging a nerve in my hand，and Toby came over，helping me up：“Safe，man.Safe.”(2021·全国甲)技巧 (2)Nanxiang aside，the best xiao long bao have a fine skin，allowing them to be lifted out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of their contents.(2023·新课标Ⅰ) 所含物，容纳的东西 (3)Do you subscribe to her view of the state of the economy？同意；赞同 (4)Once his message was delivered，he allowed me to stay and watch.传达 (5)It is the first case(病例) to be confirmed in humans.确诊的 Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识 1.In general，adults’ words and behavior have great effects on/upon their children. 2．He swallowed hard and finally admitted making/having made(make) such a serious mistake. 3．Learning that he was no longer in favor of the project，I was heartbroken and disappointed. 4．As far as I’m concerned(concern)，it is not appropriate to wear jeans for such an important occasion. 5．Red roses represent love，while yellow roses are often viewed as a symbol of friendship. 6．He felt powerless(power) when he failed after making all efforts to realize his dream. 7．On the basis(base) of the current political affairs，the authorities have determined to take the following effective measures. 8．Being addicted to alcohol did harm to his health and he passed away because of cancer. 9.Immediately the retired man was accessible to the free Wi-Fi，he was attached to it. 10．Because there were more female guests in the party，the host replaced beer with/by soft drinks thoughtfully. 11．Though teaching the teenagers takes much energy and patience，I find it rewarding(reward)． 12．I was tricked into selling my treasure at a low price and tears of sadness rolled down my cheeks. 13．Now that the retired couple have more spare time，they can focus their attention on/upon cuisine to satisfy the appetite of their grandson. 14．Now that I was fortunate to get the job，I would concentrate on/upon doing the job perfectly. 15．The old man found it impossible to get rid of his accent thoroughly. 2021·全国乙改编 你校将举办英语演讲比赛。请你以Be smart online learners为题写一篇发言稿参赛，内容包括： 1.分析优势与不足； 2.提出学习建议。 完成句子 1．我感到非常荣幸能发表关于如何成为聪明的在线学习者的演讲。(it作形式宾语) 2．毫无疑问，在线学习已经成为一种重要的学习方式，但是它既有优点也有缺点。(beyond argument) 3．我们承认学生能够获得有益的在线课程来开阔他们的视野，但是许多学生沉迷于网络游戏，这对他们的身心健康有害。(admit that；addicted；do harm to；非限制性定语从句) 4．虽然这个问题很难处理，但我们没有必要为此担心。(while；concern) 5．在我看来，只有我们专注于利用优秀的在线学习资源进行学习，我们才能获得良好的学习成绩。(view；reward；倒装句) 组句成篇 把以上句子用适当的过渡词语和过渡句组成一篇80词左右的短文。 参考范文 Be smart online learners I feel it my great honour to deliver a speech about how to be smart online learners. It is beyond argument that online learning has become an important way to learn，but it has both advantages and disadvantages.We admit that students are able to have access to beneficial online courses to broaden their horizons，but many students are addicted to online games，which does harm to their physical and mental health. While the problem is difficult to handle，there is no need for us to be concerned about it.In my view/From my point of view，only if we focus on taking advantage of excellent online learning resources to study can we be rewarded with a good academic performance.All in all，whether we can be smart online learners depends on ourselves. 教材语料整合 亮词 [动作描写]　admit；trick；experiment；type；cheat；view；press；deliver；hug；concentrate；focus [人物描写]　self-focused；addicted；sensible；powerful；concerned；creative；imaginary；accessible 美句 1.However，nearly all avatars are tall，young and nice-looking，so people obviously make their avatars look better than they do in real life.(外貌描写) 2．The avatars in online worlds can talk，walk and fly around，meet people，go shopping and attend classes.(动作描写) 3．Some users worry that they are spending so much time in virtual worlds that they are becoming afraid of meeting people in the real world.(情感描写) 拓展语料积累　情感细节描写：尴尬与羞愧 单词 awkward adj.令人尴尬的，使人难堪的→awkwardness n．尴尬；难堪　embarrassment n．尴尬，难为情→embarrass vt.使尴尬→embarrassing adj.令人难堪的；令人窘迫的→embarrassed adj.感到尴尬的 ashamed adj.感到羞愧，感到羞耻→shame n．羞愧，羞耻 词块 burn/blush/flush with embarrassment/shame因尴尬/羞愧而脸上发烫/发红　blood rushes to one’s face 脸通红　in an embarrassed voice/tone用一种尴尬的声音/语气　hear the embarrassment in one’s voice 听到某人声音中的尴尬　give an embarrassed cough尴尬地咳了一声　hang/drop/lower/bow one’s head in shame/embarrassment 羞愧/尴尬地低头　an awkward/embarrassed silence/moment/pause尴尬的沉默/一瞬/停顿 句型 So ashamed did she feel that she was close to tears.(倒装句)她感到非常羞愧，几乎要哭了。 Feeling terribly embarrassed，she could even feel the blood rushing to her face.(现在分词短语作状语) 她感到非常尴尬，甚至能感觉到血液涌到脸上。 She felt ashamed of her foolish behavior，with her face burning with shame.(with的复合结构) 她为自己的愚蠢行为感到羞愧，脸都羞愧得发烫。 All the air seemed to disappear and she felt as if the whole world were watching her.(夸张句) 所有的空气似乎都消失了，她觉得仿佛整个世界都在看着她。 He lowered his head，hesitated for a moment，wondering how to hide his inner embarrassment.(现在分词短语作状语)他低下头，犹豫了一会儿，想知道如何掩饰内心的尴尬。 语料运用　主题：从虚拟到现实 My husband tapped me on the shoulder，begging me not to ①be addicted to the online game any longer，but I just looked over my shoulder and shrugged my shoulders，②ignoring his sensible advice(现在分词短语作状语)．One day when I looked through my web feed，a friend’s post popped up.She wrote，“Let go of anything unrealistic and all activities that do not mirror your brightest intentions for yourself.” The post touched my soul so much that I felt ashamed of my foolish behavior，③with my face burning with shame(with复合结构)．Finally，④so ashamed did I feel that I was close to tears(倒装句)．My husband sat next to me and hugged me tightly，comforting me.I snuggled up against his shoulder，murmuring ⑤in an embarrassed voice，“I will focus on our real life instead of the virtual world from now on.” 我丈夫轻拍我的肩膀，恳求我不要再沉迷于在线游戏，但我只是回头耸耸肩，无视他明智的建议。有一天，当我浏览我的网页推送时，一个朋友的帖子弹出。她写道：“放弃任何不现实的事情，放弃所有不能反映你最光明的愿望的活动。”这篇帖子深深地触动了我的灵魂，我为自己的愚蠢行为感到羞愧，羞愧得脸都红了。最后，我羞愧得几乎要掉眼泪了。我丈夫坐在我旁边，紧紧地拥抱着我，安慰我。我依偎在他的肩膀上，用尴尬的声音喃喃自语：“从现在开始，我要把精力集中在我们的现实生活，而不是虚拟世界。” 高考题型组合练1 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A(★) Have you ever fancied a tennis lesson from one of the world’s greatest tennis players at your local court? This dream came true for two young players，who got to train with 20-year-old superstar Emma Raducanu after she appeared as a hologram(全息图)—a photographic recording of the image.While Sam Clague,14，and T’nae Diamond Paisley,12，were both in London，the British number one was in Abu Dhabi. During the world’s first holographic lesson，Ms Raducanu’s avatar(头像) appeared to feed balls to the players and gave live feedback on their shots，like “that was fast and there was lots of topspin on that”．Even Sam said he thought she had been prerecorded at first until she spoke with him directly. Their holographic training session offers a glimpse into how advancing technology could revolutionize tennis coaching，according to Dr Ian Pearson. Dr Pearson thinks that mixed reality headsets will soon allow tennis players to feel they are playing in unusual virtual environments，like on a space station or the middle of a lake.Through 5G，the future of tennis will see increased interaction between real-life tennis courts and the rich imagination we see in computer games—playing whenever，wherever and whoever you want. Full sensory virtual reality could even place the viewer inside the tennis player’s shoes in real time.Dr Pearson said：“By 2030，with active skin technology，the playing styles and even the sensations of top-level players could be captured，so that anyone could experience how it actually felt to play that game through full sensory virtual reality.” Finally，sportswear made from smart materials could allow for a digital coach powered by artificial intelligence(AI) to provide feedback on a player’s form.Dr Pearson said：“AI-controlled suits made from smart materials，such as fabrics with sensors，can help players find the perfect stroke when hitting or returning a serve by quickly learning the muscle memory of a flawless forehand.Using direct feedback from friendly virtual AI coaches，new players can develop and learn much more quickly.” 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了先进的技术如何给网球训练带来革命性的变化，使网球的新球员可以更快地成长和学习。 1．What did Ms Raducanu do in the first holographic lesson? A．Give players a real-time guidance. B．Require players to follow her shots. C．Record coaching contents in advance. D．Analyze techniques through the hologram. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段“During the world’s first holographic lesson，Ms Raducanu’s avatar(头像) appeared to feed balls to the players and gave live feedback on their shots，like ‘that was fast and there was lots of topspin on that’．”可知，拉杜卡努在第一节全息课上给球员一个实时的指导。故选A。 2．What can full sensory virtual reality make viewers do? A．Increase their imagination of sports. B．Take the place of top level players. C．Experience the feeling of players on the spot. D．Have a sense of playing in an unusual place. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第五段中“By 2030，with active skin technology，the playing styles and even the sensations of top-level players could be captured，so that anyone could experience how it actually felt to play that game through full sensory virtual reality.”可知，全感官虚拟现实能让观众现场体验球员的感受。故选C。 3．What’s Dr Pearson’s attitude towards virtual AI coaches? A．Critical. B．Skeptical. C．Careful. D．Favorable. 答案　D 解析　观点态度题。根据最后一段中“Dr Pearson said：‘...Using direct feedback from friendly virtual AI coaches，new players can develop and learn much more quickly.’”可知，皮尔森博士认为虚拟人工智能教练能使新球员更快地成长和学习，所以他的态度是赞成的。故选D。 4．What might be the best title for the text? A．The Future of Coaching B．The Threat from AI to Coaches C．The First Live Coaching Online D．The Appearance of Digital Coaches 答案　A 解析　标题归纳题。综合分析全文可知，文章讲述了未来先进的技术如何给网球训练带来革命性的变化，所以A项是本文的最佳标题。故选A。 B(★) Geo-tracking apps such as Find My Kids and Google Family Link are fast growing in popularity，handing parents powers to monitor their children.But how are the latter experiencing what previous generations might have labelled as an invasion of their privacy？Could these devices even hurt youths’ sense of independence? We set out to answer these questions in our research，which involved a series of one-on-one interviews with parents who geo-tracked their children，and teenagers who were geo-tracked. Overall，the parents who took part in our survey claimed they were driven to use these apps not by nosiness(多管闲事)，but a sense of care in the face of what they perceived as dangerous or uncertain environments.Knowing a child’s geographical position cannot guarantee their safety when faced with an incident in real time，but checking where they are can help ease parental fears.Other parents surveyed admitted to monitoring their children only in the case of unanswered phone calls or unfulfilled requests.Rather than a systematic method of monitoring，geo-tracking acted as a “last resort” option after parents failed to reach their children. While some teenagers were sympathetic to their parents’ anxieties，most of them perceived the use of geo-tracking apps as an invasion of their privacy.When seen as a tool to contact，geo-tracking appeared to be quite well accepted by them in our survey.However，most teenagers in our sample were worried about their parents’ use of monitoring apps. Geo-tracking is not without its ill effect on family relationships.Xavier，for instance，said that discovering he was being tracked has profoundly weakened the trust between him and his father.Furthermore，tensions among parents and children may also arise，thus widening the gap between them.Geographical monitoring also directly challenges young people’s need to go into the world independently，both holding back teenage autonomy and generating tensions in parent-child relationships. 语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一些地理追踪应用正迅速流行起来，让父母有能力监控自己的孩子，以及这些应用对家庭中亲子关系的影响。 5．Why are the two questions raised for geo-tracking apps in paragraph 1? A．To display their function. B．To indicate their intelligence. C．To describe parents’ magic power. D．To show the worry about privacy. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中“But how are the latter experiencing what previous generations might have labelled as an invasion of their privacy？Could these devices even hurt youths’ sense of independence？”可知，这两个问题表明对孩子进行地理追踪一方面使父母更安心，却又担心有可能会侵犯到孩子的隐私，影响亲子关系，下文也是就这个问题进行调研的。故选D。 6．What makes parents adopt geo-tracking apps to monitor their kids? A．Their desire to monitor their kids. B．Their eagerness to reach their kids. C．Their concern for their kids’ safety. D．Their curiosity about their kids’ life. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中“Overall，the parents who took part in our survey claimed they were driven to use these apps not by nosiness(多管闲事)，but a sense of care in the face of what they perceived as dangerous or uncertain environments.Knowing a child’s geographical position cannot guarantee their safety...but checking where they are can help ease parental fears.”可知，父母接受使用对孩子的地理追踪程序是为了缓解他们对孩子的安全问题的担忧。故选C。 7．What is most teenagers’ attitude towards the monitoring from apps? A．Mixed. B．Confused. C．Indifferent. D．Critical. 答案　D 解析　观点态度题。根据第四段中“While some teenagers were sympathetic to their parents’ anxieties，most of them perceived the use of geo-tracking apps as an invasion of their privacy.”及“However，most teenagers in our sample were worried about their parents’ use of monitoring apps.”可知，大多数青少年对于父母对他们使用这些监控程序是抵触的，是批评的。故选D。 8．What is the impact of geo-tracking on family ties? A．It can make children more dependent. B．It may badly influence family relationship. C．It may relieve the tension within the family. D．It can increase children’s trust in their parents. 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段“Geo-tracking is not without its ill effect on family relationships.Xavier...said that discovering he was being tracked has profoundly weakened the trust between him and his father.Furthermore，tensions among parents and children may also arise，thus widening the gap between them.”可知，父母使用这些地理追踪程序对家庭亲子关系有坏的影响，削弱信任，疏远关系，有可能导致冲突。故选B。 C(★) (2024·山东济南联考) There is nothing quite like enjoying the sights，sounds and culture of a city while tasting a cup of coffee outdoors.But it is not that enjoyable when heat waves sweep the city.An outdoor cooling system produced by Kinonko，an Israeli(以色列的) company，began to be tested in Tel Aviv.The sweltering city is a perfect place to try the new technology. With global warming heating up the temperature，it will soon be too hot to sit outside in cafes.While outdoor cooling systems have existed for a while，most of them use some sort of water or misting system to cool the air around them，consuming too much water and power.After two years of development，the perfect solution to the problem was found.“We have invented a new generation of air conditioner，” Kinonko CEO Leizer said. As Leizer introduced，the energy is from the pressure created between liquid nitrogen(氮) and gas nitrogen.When liquid nitrogen at－196 degrees turns into gas，it produces a very strong pressure and the pressure is used to run a mechanical engine.It is that mechanical engine that slowly releases freezing nitrogen gas to cool down the air around it. The technology is unique and amazing.Beyond the coolness of the concept，it also has other advantages.The work unit doesn’t need to be power-driven，and doesn’t blow out harmful warm air as it works.As for the potential price，it will probably be no more expensive than any other air conditioner.In addition，the liquid nitrogen container will need to be replaced every seven to ten days，depending on usage.This makes it an affordable option for all sorts of businesses.The cooling system is expected to be on the market in 2024. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了开始进入测试阶段的一种室外冷却系统，这项新技术有望在2024年投入市场，使人们在炎热的天气下，能够重享在室外喝咖啡的快乐。 9．What does the underlined word “sweltering” mean in paragraph 1? A．Warm. B．Dry. C．Hot. D．Freezing. 答案　C 解析　词义猜测题。根据第一段中的“But it is not that enjoyable when heat waves sweep the city.An outdoor cooling system...began to be tested in Tel Aviv.”可知，这种制冷系统是针对炎热天气研发的，而且将在Tel Aviv进行测试，故这座城市是非常闷热的。画线词sweltering意为“闷热的”。故选C。 10．What problem do the existing outdoor cooling systems have? A．They are wasteful. B．They overheat easily. C．They often break down. D．They are slow to cool the air. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“While outdoor cooling systems have existed for a while，most of them use some sort of water or misting system to cool the air around them，consuming too much water and power.”可知，现在的室外冷却系统消耗过多的水和电力，是比较浪费的。故选A。 11．What does paragraph 3 mainly explain? A．What powers the engine. B．What turns liquid into gas. C．How the pressure is formed. D．How the new system works. 答案　D 解析　段落大意题。根据第三段中的“When liquid nitrogen at－196 degrees turns into gas，it produces a very strong pressure and the pressure is used to run a mechanical engine.It is that mechanical engine that slowly releases freezing nitrogen gas to cool down the air around it.”可知，该段主要描述了这种新的冷却系统是如何工作的。故选D。 12．What is the purpose of this text? A．To promote a company. B．To settle an energy crisis. C．To introduce a technology. D．To market a misting system. 答案　C 解析　写作意图题。根据第一段中的“An outdoor cooling system produced by Kinonko，an Israeli(以色列的) company，began to be tested in Tel Aviv.”和最后一段中的“The technology is unique and amazing.”及“The cooling system is expected to be on the market in 2024.”可推知，本文的主要目的是向人们介绍一种新的室外冷却技术。故选C。 Ⅱ.七选五 What is heritage？The word can be difficult to define.Heritage is always something that is passed down by families or other groups for many years.__1__ It can also be the customs，traditions，and values shared by groups of people.One way to think about heritage is to break it down into three groups.These are the tangible(有形的)，the natural，and the intangible. __2__ It can include many human-made objects that hold cultural value.Some examples are national monuments and works of art.Many ancient sites are also part of this group.On a smaller scale，a family home can be part of an individual’s heritage. Many parts of the natural world are also important to cultural heritage.This can include bodies of water，plant life，landforms and more.One example is the Nile River.__3__ Efforts to protect natural heritage are key in many cultures. The intangible group includes any part of cultural heritage that you can’t feel through touch.Maybe you’ve read about forms of dance，like Flamenco dancing.You might know about the music of Mariachi Bands.These are all examples of intangible heritage.__4__ Exploring your own heritage can be fun.It can help you learn about yourself，your family，and your ancestors.But it’s also important to learn about the heritage of others.__5__ It can also lead you to find things you may have in common with others! A．They are treasures that can be touched. B．What tangible items can be part of heritage? C．However，heritage isn’t limited to concrete objects. D．Languages，holidays and customs also make the list. E．Therefore，it’s difficult to protect them from fading away. F．Doing so can help you build a stronger understanding of other cultures. G．It has been part of cultural heritage in many African nations for centuries. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。遗产是由家庭或其他群体传承多年的东西。然而，遗产并不局限于具体的物品，它也是一群人共有的习俗、传统和价值观。 1．答案　C 解析　根据下文“It can also be the customs，traditions，and values shared by groups of people.”可知，此处应指遗产不局限于实物，C项符合题意。故选C。 2．答案　B 解析　根据上文“These are the tangible(有形的)，the natural，and the intangible.”及空后“It can include many human-made objects that hold cultural value.”，再结合下文中列举的人造物品的例子可知，本段主要讲述哪些是有形的遗产，B项符合题意，故选B。 3．答案　G 解析　本段主要介绍自然遗产。根据空前“One example is the Nile River.”可知，空处应该会继续讲述与尼罗河有关的内容。G项(几个世纪以来，它一直是许多非洲国家文化遗产的一部分)承接上文，符合题意。故选G。 4．答案　D 解析　本段主要介绍无形的遗产。上文提到了舞蹈、音乐等无形的遗产，D项(语言、节日、习俗等也榜上有名)承接上文，介绍了其他的无形遗产，符合题意。故选D。 5．答案　F 解析　根据上下文可知，空处应该是介绍了解他人的遗产的好处，F项(这样做可以帮助你更深入地了解其他文化)承上启下，符合题意。故选F。 高考题型组合练2 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A The first time a tortoise walked through my hut at Middle Camp on Aldabra Atoll，I was amazed.I grabbed my camera and carefully positioned myself to take this wildlife encounter.The second time：same thing.The third time：I picked up my phone and took a snapshot.By the fourth or fifth time，I didn’t even look when I felt something bump into me.I knew what it was. I was there to shoot a story about island restoration in the Seychelles，far off the east coast of Africa in the Indian Ocean.Until roughly the middle of the past century，the small island nation showed signs of real environmental killing—local vegetation(植被) cleared to make way for coconut plantations，foreign rats and mice running uncontrolled，native sea turtles and giant tortoises being exploited.Biodiversity seemed destroyed.But then the country experienced a shift in conservation awareness—and the giant Aldabra tortoises are among its most visible signs. Every morning when I woke up and walked outside the hut，I had to remind myself that I hadn’t traveled back in time.I could see flightless Aldabra rails，coconut crabs the size of dinner plates，and giant tortoises—roughly four feet long and weighing up to 550 pounds—just wandering around.The number of sharks in the bay was crazy.Frigate birds and boobies (鲣鸟) nested in the mangroves(a kind of tree)．When we left our hut doors open，which we often did to let in air，the tortoises would walk right through. In the late afternoon or early evening，whenever they’d finished eating，the tortoises would drop themselves down and fall asleep with their heads outstretched.That made night-time trips to the outhouse dangerous.To get there，we’d have to go 200 feet into the mangroves，negotiating what I called the tortoise slalom trail.It was a track without a pattern，because of course they picked different places to sleep every night.Avoiding them was important：Falling headfirst over a tortoise onto the sharp coral rock could lead to serious injury on an island far from medical facilities. Nothing was easy on Aldabra，and much of it was insanely difficult.Yet living among the tortoises in this primordial place，in one of the last spots where reptiles still rule，was one of the happiest times of my life. 语篇解读　这是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者在Aldabra岛上拍摄生态恢复成果时，与陆龟等各类生物共同度过的快乐时光。 1．How did the author feel about his final meeting with the tortoise in his room? A．Calm. B．Excited. C．Concerned. D．Disturbed. 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。根据第一段中“By the fourth or fifth time，I didn’t even look when I felt something bump into me.I knew what it was.”可知，作者最后几次在房间遇到陆龟时甚至都不去看，由此可推知，作者内心是“平静的”。故选A。 2．What made the wildlife on the island suffer during the last century? A．Introducing foreign species. B．Killing too many rats and mice. C．Planting lots of coconut trees. D．Repairing the building on the island. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中“Until roughly the middle of the past century，the small island nation showed signs of real environmental killing—local vegetation(植被) cleared to make way for coconut plantations”可知，是为了大规模种植椰子，当地的野生生物才遭受损失。故选C。 3．What does the author intend to do in paragraph 3? A．To stress the importance of their work. B．To introduce how large the tortoises are. C．To present his daily routine on the island. D．To show how the wildlife is diverse on the island. 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“ I could see flightless Aldabra rails，coconut crabs...The number of sharks in the bay was crazy.Frigate birds and boobies(鲣鸟) nested in the mangroves(a kind of tree)．”可推知，本段主要是为了展示岛上野生生物的多样性。故选D。 4．What might be the suitable title for this passage? A．Island Fills with Curious Tourists B．Aldabra Calls for Wildlife Protection C．Tortoises Rule on This Isolated Island Again D．Efforts Are Made to Protect the Environment 答案　C 解析　标题归纳题。根据文章内容尤其是最后一段的最后一句“Yet living among the tortoises in this primordial place，in one of the last spots where reptiles still rule，was one of the happiest times of my life.”可知，文章主要讲述了作者在印度洋Aldabra群岛上与被重新恢复的陆龟共同度过的快乐时光，Aldabra群岛是被爬行动物占领的原始地方之一，所以C项“陆龟重新统治孤岛”适合作本文标题。故选C。 B(★) (2023·浙江1月，C) A machine can now not only beat you at chess，it can also outperform you in debate.Last week，in a public debate in San Francisco，a software program called Project Debater beat its human opponents，including Noa Ovadia，Israel’s former national debating champion. Brilliant though it is，Project Debater has some weaknesses.It takes sentences from its library of documents and prebuilt arguments and strings them together.This can lead to the kinds of errors no human would make.Such wrinkles will no doubt be ironed out，yet they also point to a fundamental problem.As Kristian Hammond，professor of electrical engineering and computer science at Northwestern University，put it：“There’s never a stage at which the system knows what it’s talking about.” What Hammond is referring to is the question of meaning，and meaning is central to what distinguishes the least intelligent of humans from the most intelligent of machines.A computer works with symbols.Its program specifies a set of rules to transform one string of symbols into another.But it does not specify what those symbols mean.Indeed，to a computer，meaning is irrelevant.Humans，in thinking，talking，reading and writing，also work with symbols.But for humans，meaning is everything.When we communicate，we communicate meaning.What matters is not just the outside of a string of symbols，but the inside too，not just how they are arranged but what they mean. Meaning emerges through a process of social interaction，not of computation，interaction that shapes the content of the symbols in our heads.The rules that assign meaning lie not just inside our heads，but also outside，in society，in social memory，social conventions and social relations.It is this that distinguishes humans from machines.And that’s why，however astonishing Project Debater may seem，the tradition that began with Socrates and Confucius will not end with artificial intelligence. 语篇解读　本文是一篇新闻报道，主要介绍的是一款名为Project Debater的软件程序在辩论赛中击败了人类对手。 5．Why does the author mention Noa Ovadia in the first paragraph? A．To explain the use of a software program. B．To show the cleverness of Project Debater. C．To introduce the designer of Project Debater. D．To emphasize the fairness of the competition. 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据第一段第二句可知，Project Debater在一场公开辩论赛中击败了包括以色列的前全国辩论冠军Noa Ovadia在内的人类对手，由此推知，作者在第一段提到Noa Ovadia的目的是展示Project Debater的聪明。故选B。 6．What does the underlined word “wrinkles” in paragraph 2 refer to? A．Arguments. B．Doubts. C．Errors. D．Differences. 答案　C 解析　词义猜测题。根据第二段前三句可知，Project Debater的一些缺点会使它犯一些人类不会犯的错误，再结合画线词前的such可知，wrinkles指的就是前面提到的errors。故选C。 7．What is Project Debater unable to do according to Hammond? A．Create rules. B．Comprehend meaning. C．Talk fluently. D．Identify difficult words. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“What Hammond is referring to is the question of meaning...to a computer，meaning is irrelevant.”可知，根据Hammond的说法，Project Debater不能理解意义。故选B。 8．What can we learn from the last paragraph? A．Social interaction is key to understanding symbols. B．The human brain has potential yet to be developed. C．Ancient philosophers set good examples for debaters. D．Artificial intelligence ensures humans a bright future. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句可知，社会互动是理解符号的关键。故选A。 Ⅱ.完形填空 (2023·广东联考) After a dolphin was found swimming alone in a creek in Florida，marine biologists formed a human chain to save it. Dolphins typically travel in __1__ called a “school(群)”，although solitary(独自的) dolphins are becoming more common.This can be a cause for concern because dolphins are naturally sociable creatures，so if they are __2__，they may turn their attention to human interaction.This in turn can be __3__，both for dolphins and humans. Dolphins can become __4__ rather than feed on their own.__5__，dolphins that are used to human contact spend more time in shallow waters，which can __6__ boat crashes.Meanwhile，humans who get too close to dolphins can find themselves __7__. After __8__ that the dolphin had been alone in the creek for a few days，and was near a residential area with __9__ for human disturbance，NOAA Fisheries Service decided to __10__.Twenty-eight biologists from the Clearwater Marine Aquarium，NOAA and FWC came together to form a human chain，creating a barrier that could __11__ the dolphin out of the creek. Rescue biologist Brittany Baldrica said，“The__12__ was just to be a barrier that was novel to the animal.We wanted to create a physical barrier as well as a barrier of hearing，so we had somebody behind us that was __13__ a boat，revving(使快速运转) its engine and then we were splashing(泼) water and moving forward towards the animal，so we were giving the animal the __14__ to swim through the bridge on its own.” The __15__ was successful，with the dolphin making its way out of the creek. 语篇解读　这是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了数十名野生动物保护组织的人员在水中组成“人链”，营救在浅水区滞留多日的海豚。 1．A.series B．lines C．groups D．sessions 答案　C 解析　series系列；line线条；group群，组；session会议。根据后文“called a ‘school(群)’”可知，海豚通常是成群出现的。故选C。 2．A.separated B．discovered C．defended D．distinguished 答案　A 解析　separate分离，分散；discover发现；defend捍卫；distinguish区分。根据前文“dolphins are naturally sociable creatures”可知，海豚天生是群居动物，如果被分开，可能会把注意力转向与人类的互动。故选A。 3．A.rewarding B．dangerous C．attractive D．annoying 答案　B 解析　rewarding有益的；dangerous危险的；attractive有吸引力的；annoying令人恼火的。根据后文“rather than feed on their own”及“which can ______ boat crashes”可知，海豚过于亲近人类对双方都是危险的。故选B。 4．A.sensitive B．hesitant C．dependent D．exceptional 答案　C 解析　sensitive敏感的；hesitant犹豫的；dependent依赖的；exceptional杰出的。根据后文“rather than feed on their own”可知，海豚会变得有依赖性。故选C。 5．A.Strangely B．Initially C．Fortunately D．Additionally 答案　D 解析　strangely奇怪地；initially最初；fortunately幸运地；additionally另外。根据前文“Dolphins can become ______”及后文“which can ______ boat crashes”可知，前后是递进关系，进一步描述海豚过于亲近人类的危害。故选D。 6．A.turn on B．lead to C．take in D．knock at 答案　B 解析　turn on打开；lead to导致；take in吸收；knock at敲门。根据后文“boat crashes”并结合常识可知，海豚在浅水区待的时间更多，这可能导致船只碰撞。故选B。 7．A.injured B．addicted C．refreshed D．fixed 答案　A 解析　injured受伤的；addicted上瘾的；refreshed恢复精神的；fixed固定的。根据前文“This in turn can be ______，both for dolphins and humans.”可知，离海豚太近的人类可能会受伤。故选A。 8．A.declaring B．explaining C．admitting D．realizing 答案　D 解析　declare宣布；explain解释；admit承认；realize意识到。根据后文“that the dolphin had been alone in the creek”和“decided”可知，此处指有关部门意识到了这件事之后。故选D。 9．A.concern B．purpose C．potential D．desire 答案　A 解析　concern担心，忧虑；purpose目的；potential潜能；desire欲望。根据后文“human disturbance”可知，有关部门担忧人类活动会影响海豚。故选A。 10．A.withdraw B．act C．search D．attack 答案　B 解析　withdraw撤退；act行动；search寻找；attack攻击。根据后文“Twenty-eight biologists from the Clearwater Marine Aquarium，NOAA and FWC came together to form a human chain”可知，有关部门决定采取行动营救海豚。故选B。 11．A.confirm B．restrict C．keep D．guide 答案　D 解析　confirm确认；restrict限制；keep保持；guide引导。根据后文“the dolphin out of the creek”以及下一段的“so we were giving the animal the ________ to swim through the bridge on its own”可知，生物学家组成“人链”是为了引导海豚离开小湾。故选D。 12．A.risk B．advantage C．goal D．path 答案　C 解析　risk风险；advantage优势；goal目标；path路径。根据后文“We wanted to create a physical barrier as well as a barrier of hearing”可知，此处是在描述生物学家组成“人链”的目的。故选C。 13．A.lifting B．repairing C．checking D．striking 答案　D 解析　lift举起；repair修理；check检查；strike击打。根据前文“a barrier of hearing”可知，生物学家们让人在后方击打船只来形成听觉屏障，迫使海豚前进。故选D。 14．A.courage B．option C．right D．skill 答案　B 解析　courage勇气；option选择；right权利；skill技能。根据后文“to swim through the bridge on its own”可知，专家们这样做是给了海豚可以自己游过桥的选择。故选B。 15．A.rescue B．experiment C．competition D．training 答案　A 解析　rescue营救；experiment实验；competition比赛；training训练。根据上文“NOAA Fisheries Service decided to”及后文“with the dolphin making its way out of the creek”可知，营救成功了。故选A。 Ⅲ.语法填空 (2024·浙江温州联考) Horses，SpongeBob and the Monkey King from Chinese legend—you probably wouldn’t expect to see this collection of animals，pop cultural icons and mythological creatures 1.____________(fly) together in the sky，but this event happens every year in Weifang，the World Kite Capital in Shandong Province. Kites，which were invented over 2,000 years ago in China,2.____________(believe) to be the earliest flying objects created by humans.After centuries of development，kites have become one of the country’s 3.____________(represent) handicrafts，and kite-making technique was included in 4.____________ list of China’s national intangible cultural heritage in 2006. The city of Weifang is known as a global center of kite culture 5.____________ it is widely regarded as the birthplace of these popular flying toys.Today in Weifang，the themes of kites are 6.____________(incredible) diverse，encompassing(包含) animals，cultural relics，myths，and legends.Besides，there are virtually no limitations on the shapes or sizes of kites，which can be made 7.____________(show) people’s ideals and ambitions.This 8.____________ (diverse) can be observed at the annual Weifang International Kite Festival,9.____________ has been held on the third Saturday of every April since 1984.More than 10,000 participants from over 30 countries and regions around the world compete 10.____________ the festival every year. 语篇解读　这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了位于山东省的世界风筝之都潍坊，这里每年都会举办风筝文化节活动。 1．答案　flying 解析　考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词作动词see的宾语补足语，宾语this collection of animals，pop cultural icons and mythological creatures和动词fly之间为主动关系，所以此处用fly的现在分词形式。故填flying。 2．答案　are believed 解析　考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子可知，此处为谓语动词，主语为复数名词Kites，和动词believe之间为被动关系，结合句意可知，此句陈述客观事实，所以用一般现在时的被动语态，be动词用are。故填are believed。 3．答案　representative 解析　考查形容词。由空后handicrafts为名词可知，此处用形容词作定语。故填representative。 4．答案　the 解析　考查冠词。根据句意以及空后list of China’s national intangible cultural heritage为专有名词可知，此处为特指，用定冠词。故填the。 5．答案　and 解析　考查连词。根据句意可知，此处为连词and连接上下句，表示并列关系。故填and。 6．答案　incredibly 解析　考查副词。空处修饰形容词diverse，作状语，应用副词形式。故填incredibly。 7．答案　to show 解析　考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，此处为动词短语be made to do，意为“被制作用来做某事” 。故填to show。 8．答案　diversity 解析　考查名词。由空前This以及空后谓语动词can be observed可知，此处用名词形式作句子主语。故填diversity。 9．答案　which 解析　考查定语从句。分析句子可知，此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词Weifang International Kite Festival在从句中作主语成分，指物。故填which。 10．答案　in 解析　考查介词。此处为动词短语compete in，意为“参加……比赛(竞赛)，在……竞争”。故填in。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $