选择性必修第一册 UNIT 3 CONSERVATION（教师用书word）-【步步高】2025年高考英语大一轮复习讲义（北师大版）

Ⅰ.阅读单词——会意 1．item n．一项，一条 2．rhino n．犀牛 3．horn n．(牛、羊等头上的)角 4．asteroid n．小行星 5．hatch vi.& vt.(使)孵化 6．packet n．小包，小盒 7．packaging n．包装盒(瓶、袋)，包装材料 8．coconut n．椰子 9．shell n．壳；贝壳 10．innovative adj.新颖的，创新的，革新的 11．refillable adj.可再填充的 12．bin n．垃圾箱 13．carton n．硬纸盒；塑料盒 14．cutlery n．餐具 15．council n．委员会；理事会 16．roadworks n．道路施工 17．organic adj.不使用化肥的，有机的，绿色的 18．institute n．机构；研究院 19．poultry n．家禽肉，家禽 20．committee n．委员会 21．temple n．庙宇，寺院 22．Confucius孔子 23．memorial n．纪念馆；纪念碑adj.(对逝者)纪念的，追悼的 24．carve vt.雕，刻 25．typhoon n．台风 26．Atlantic adj.大西洋的 Ⅱ.重点单词——记形 1．plastic adj.塑料制的 2．threat n．威胁；(灾难等坏事)发生的可能 3．switch vi.& vt.转换，改变 4．incredibly adv.非常地，极端地 5．species n．物种，种 6．mass adj.大量的 7．decrease vi.& vt.减少 n．减少；减少的量 8．blame vt.责怪，指责 9．affect vt.影响 10．solar adj.太阳光(能)的 11．restore vt.(使)恢复 12．wrap vt.包，裹 13．transportation n．交通运输系统，运输方式 14．swallow vi.& vt.吞下，咽下 15．chopsticks n．筷子 16．jam n．拥挤，堵塞；果酱 17．decade n．十年，十年期 18．gas n．气，气体 19．cancer n．癌症 20．essay n．论说文；散文 21．involve vt.包含；需要 22．billion n．十亿 23．instance n．例子，实例 24．claim vt.声称；断言；主张 n．声称；(根据权利而提出的)要求 25．drug n．药物，药材；毒品 26．sum vt.概括，总结n.金额，款项；总数 27．valley n．谷，山谷 28．thunderstorm n．雷暴 29．agricultural adj.农业的 Ⅲ.拓展单词——悉变 1．conservation n．保护→conserve vt.保护；节约→conservative adj.保守的；守旧的 2．destroy vt.破坏；毁掉→destruction n．破坏；毁坏 3．mining n．采矿业→mine n．矿；矿井→miner n．矿工 4．recycle vi.& vt.再利用，回收利用→recyclable adj.可回收利用的；可再循环的→unrecyclable adj.不可回收的 5．informative adj.有教育意义的；知识性强的→inform v．通知→information n．信息 6．illegally adv.非法地，违法地→illegal adj.非法的，违法的→legally adv.合法地→legal adj.合法的 7.hunt vi.& vt.猎取，猎杀→hunting n．打猎→hunter n．猎人 8．extinct adj.灭绝的，绝种的→extinction n．灭绝 9．urgent adj.紧急的，急迫的→urgently adv.迫切地；急切地→urgency n．紧急情况 10．unusual adj.异常的；不平常的→unusually adv.不寻常地→usual adj.平常的→usually adv.通常地 11．varied adj.形形色色的→vary v．变化→various adj.各种各样的→variety n．种类 12．endangered adj.濒危的→endanger v．使面临危险；危及；危害→danger n．危险→dangerous adj.危险的 13．consumer n．消费者→consume v．消费；消耗；吃，喝→consumption n．消费；消耗 14．wasteful adj.浪费的；挥霍的→waste v．& n．浪费 15．dirt n．灰尘，尘土→dirty adj.脏的 16．realistic adj.现实的，实际的→real adj.真的；真实的→really adv.真正地；确实地→reality n．真实；现实→realize vt.实现；认识到 17．aware adj.意识到的，明白的→awareness n．意识→unaware adj.不知道的；未察觉到的 18．collection n．收集；收藏品；专辑→collect v．收集；收藏 19．anxious adj.焦虑的，不安的→anxiety n．焦虑 20．reusable adj.可再使用的，可重复使用的→reuse v．再使用，重复使用 21．stuck adj.卡住的，无法移动的→stick v．将……刺入(或插入)；刺 22．annoyed adj.烦恼的，生气的→annoy vt.使……不悦；惹恼→annoying adj.使人烦恼的→annoyance n．生气；令人烦恼的事物 23．anger n．愤怒；怒气→angry adj.生气的；愤怒的→angrily adv.气愤地；愤怒地 24．relate vi.相联系，有关联→related adj.相联系的→relation n．联系，关联 25．regular adj.定期的，有规律的→regularly adv.有规律地→irregular adj.无规律的 26．suit vt.适合 n．套装→suitable adj.适合的 27．opponent n．对手；反对者→oppose v．反对→opposed adj.反对的；截然不同的 28．cruel adj.残忍的→cruelly adv.残忍地；残酷地→cruelty n．残忍 29．chemical adj.化学的 n．化学品→chemistry n．化学→chemist n．化学家；药剂师 30．scenic adj.景色优美的→scene n．地点，现场；场面→scenery n．风景 31．historic adj.古老的；历史上重要的→history n．历史→historian n．历史学家 1．tow/təʊ/vt.牵引，拖，拉(车或船) 2．slam/slæm/vi.& vt.(把……)砰地关上 3．cosmetics/kɒz'metIks/n.化妆品，美容品 4．installment/In'stɔːlmənt/n.(尤指报刊等上的连载故事的)一期 5．in a nutshell一言以蔽之，简单地说 6．expire/Ik'spaIə/vi.到期，过期，失效 expiration/ˌekspə'reIʃən/n.到期，期满 7．valid/'vælId/adj.有效的；正式认可的 8．reverse/rI'vɜːs/vi.& vt.调换(次序)；推翻；倒车 9．podcast/'pɒdkɑːst/n.播客(可从因特网上下载的一种广播节目) 10．count on v．依靠，指望；期望，料想 11．spectacular/spek'tækjələ/adj.壮观的；精彩的 12．immigration/ˌImI'ɡreIʃən/n.入境检查处；移民入境 Ⅳ.背核心短语 1．die out消失；绝迹，灭绝 2．wipe out彻底毁灭 3．be to blame(对某事)负有责任 4．be at risk处境危险，受到威胁 5．traffic jam交通堵塞 6．stressed out焦虑的 7．be related to与……有关联 8．for instance例如 9．sum up概括，总结 10．have a role起某种作用 11．do one’s part 尽自己的职责 12．set out开始做某事，着手进行 Ⅴ.悟经典句式 1．Although it is not unusual for species to die out naturally，the rate at which this is now happening is cause for concern.(It is not unusual for sb to do...) 虽然物种的自然灭绝并不罕见，但现在灭绝的速度让人担忧。 2．They found that human activity is causing species to die out 1,000 times faster than normal.(倍数表达法) 他们发现人类活动导致物种灭亡的速度比正常情况快1 000倍。 3．Without forests，we would have no air to breathe，and without clean water we would be unable to survive.(without 引导含蓄虚拟语气) 没有森林，我们就不能呼吸空气；没有干净的水，我们将无法生存。 4．This morning，it took me 40 minutes to go downtown.(It takes sb some time to do...) 今天早上，我花了40分钟去市中心。 5.How often do we arrive at work or school，stressed out，tired and angry？(形容词短语作状语) 又有多少次，当我们抵达工作地点或学校时感到心力交瘁、心烦气躁？ 6．Up to 90 people can travel in one bus，while the same number will need at least 18 cars.(while连接并列句) 一辆公共汽车最多可以乘坐90人，而乘坐小轿车这些人至少需要18辆车。 默写练习(一) Ⅰ.阅读单词(每小题1分，共7分) 1．item n．一项，一条 2．horn n．(牛、羊等头上的)角 3．hatch vi.& vt.(使)孵化 4．packet n．小包，小盒 5．packaging n．包装盒(瓶、袋)，包装材料 6．shell n．壳；贝壳 7．innovative adj.新颖的，创新的，革新的 Ⅱ.重点单词(每小题2分，共16分) 1．threat n．威胁；(灾难等坏事)发生的可能 2．switch vi.& vt.转换，改变 3．species n．物种，种 4．decrease vi.& vt.减少 n．减少；减少的量 5．blame vt.责怪，指责 6．affect vt.影响 7．restore vt.(使)恢复 8．swallow vi.& vt.吞下，咽下 Ⅲ.拓展单词(每小题2分，共12分) 1．conservation n．保护→conserve vt.保护；节约→conservative adj.保守的；守旧的 2．mining n．采矿业→mine n．矿；矿井→miner n．矿工 3．recycle vi.& vt.再利用，回收利用→recyclable adj.可回收利用的；可再循环的→unrecyclable adj.不可回收的 4．endangered adj.濒危的→endanger v．使面临危险；危及；危害→danger n．危险→dangerous adj.危险的 5．wasteful adj.浪费的；挥霍的→waste v．& n．浪费 6．dirt n．灰尘，尘土→dirty adj.脏的 Ⅳ.拔高词汇(每小题1分，共5分) 1．tow vt.牵引，拖，拉(车或船) 2．installment n．(尤指报刊等上的连载故事的)一期 3．count on v．依靠，指望；期望，料想 4．spectacular adj.壮观的；精彩的 5．valid adj.有效的；正式认可的 Ⅴ.核心短语(每小题2分，共10分) 1．have a role起某种作用 2．die out消失；绝迹，灭绝 3．wipe out彻底毁灭 4．be to blame(对某事)负有责任 5．be at risk处境危险，受到威胁 Ⅰ.词形变化填空(每小题2分，共20分) 1．It is vital to take action to stop destroying the rainforests，or future generations will be left with pollution and destruction.(destroy) 2．The book，which contains much information about the history of the Ming Dynasty，is both informative and entertaining.(inform) 3．We urgently need your help because a problem needs solving with urgency.(urgent) 4．Legally，we should crack down on both sellers and buyers of fake(假的) certificates because it is illegal to use them.(legal) 5．Those hunters went hunting every morning and came back at dusk.(hunt) 6．Lots of species have been extinct and others are still in danger of extinction.(extinct) 7．It is unusual that she wears a dark dress today.Usually she wears a light-colored dress.(usual) 8．It is essential that your diets should be varied/various and balanced，because your kids need various/varied nutrition.Besides，your ingredients should vary with seasons.(vary) 9．Consumers are not satisfied with the restrictions on gas consumption.(consume) 10．In reality，we should set a realistic goal and if we are devoted，we can really realize it.(real) Ⅱ.选词填空(每小题3分，共15分) 1．Many endangered animals are dying out because of too much pollution. 2．Many people in cities and towns in South America are at risk from landslides. 3．Now that you are elected as our chairman，doing your part and performing your duties are what you must do. 4．Some social app companies were to blame because they didn’t adequately check their users’ registration. 5．If we don’t take measures，the entire population will be wiped out by the severe disease sooner or later. Ⅲ.经典句型仿写(每小题5分，共15分) 1．在北京，对当地人来说看到文化古迹并不稀罕。(It is not unusual for sb to do...) In Beijing，it is not unusual for local people to see cultural relics. 2．没有这些文化古迹，北京就不可能吸引那么多的游客。(without 引导含蓄虚拟语气) Without these cultural relics，Beijing couldn’t attract so many visitors. 3．每年当地政府都会花一段时间修复这些文物。(It takes sb some time to do...) It takes the local government some time to restore these relics every year. 默写练习(二) Ⅰ.阅读单词(每小题1分，共7分) 1．bin n．垃圾箱 2．council n．委员会；理事会 3．organic adj.不使用化肥的，有机的，绿色的 4．institute n．机构；研究院 5．committee n．委员会 6．temple n．庙宇，寺院 7．carve vt.雕，刻 Ⅱ.重点单词(每小题2分，共16分) 1．chopsticks n．筷子 2．decade n．十年，十年期 3．essay n．论说文；散文 4．involve vt.包含；需要 5．claim vt.声称；断言；主张 n．声称；(根据权利而提出的)要求 6．drug n．药物，药材；毒品 7．sum vt.概括，总结n.金额，款项；总数 8．valleyn．谷，山谷 Ⅲ.拓展单词(每小题3分，共15分) 1．reusable adj.可再使用的，可重复使用的→reuse v．再使用，重复使用 2．stuck adj.卡住的，无法移动的→stick v．将……刺入(或插入)；刺 3．chemical adj.化学的 n．化学品→chemistry n．化学→chemist n．化学家；药剂师 4．scenic adj.景色优美的→scene n．地点，现场；场面→scenery n．风景 5．historic adj.古老的；历史上重要的→history n．历史→historian n．历史学家 Ⅳ.拔高词汇(每小题1分，共5分) 1．slam vi.& vt.(把……)砰地关上 2．cosmetics n．化妆品，美容品 3．in a nutshell一言以蔽之，简单地说 4．expire vi.到期，过期，失效 expiration n．到期，期满 5．reverse vi.& vt.调换(次序)；推翻；倒车 Ⅴ.核心短语(每小题2分，共10分) 1．traffic jam 交通堵塞 2．stressed out 焦虑的 3．be related to 与……有关联 4．for instance 例如 5．sum up 概括，总结 Ⅰ.词形变化填空(每小题2分，共20分) 1．The anxious wife was like sitting on pins and needles，and her anxiety was so obvious that we all comforted her.(anxious) 2．Unaware of the dangers，the boy walked into the dark room.It was necessary to raise his awareness of safety.(aware) 3．My brother has been collecting stamps for many years so he has large collections of stamps.(collect) 4．What makes me annoyed is that my brother is making annoying noises by playing rock music.(annoy) 5．Some doctors think there is a relation between smoking and lung cancer.What’s worse，smoking is also related to heart disease.(relate) 6．To his surprise，his opponent is not opposed to giving him a second chance.(oppose) 7．He is cruel to me，and he treats his brother with cruelty.What’s worse，he treats those around him cruelly.(cruel) 8．He didn’t have a balanced diet or take exercise regularly，so this irregular lifestyle led to his poor health.(regular) 9．My sister said that the suit was more suitable for a wedding，and I took her advice happily.(suit) 10．He was so angry that he shouted angrily to let out his extreme anger.(angry) Ⅱ.选词填空(每小题3分，共15分) 1．There is no denying that his failure in the examination is related to his laziness. 2．I just now summed up the main point of the lesson in three sentences. 3．There are jobs more dangerous than truck driving；for instance，training lions. 4．When setting out on a long walk，you should always wear suitable shoes. 5．All the students were overburdened and stressed out，having to cope with too much work and too many demands. Ⅲ.经典句型仿写(每小题4分，共12分) 1．当我下班回到家时，她正躺在床上，没有睡着。(形容词短语作状语) When I went back home from work，she was lying in bed，awake. 2．那就是为什么她的哥哥身材很棒而她有一点胖。(while连接并列句) That is why her brother has a good build while she is a bit fat. 3．他非常羡慕地大声说：“你的房间比我的房间大三倍。”(倍数表达法) He exclaimed with great admiration，“Your room is three times bigger than mine.” It’s said that dinosaurs died out because of a natural disaster.But now，many species are endangered or even extinct just because humans do varied harm to them.For instance，tigers are being illegally hunted in 1.an incredibly cruel way for their fur while rhinos，for their horns.Besides，we have destroyed their habitats by 2.cutting(cut) down trees，throwing away unrecyclable plastic rubbish everywhere and discharging 3.polluted(pollute) water that contains poisonous chemicals into rivers. It is human activities 4.that are to blame for the mass extinction.However，we should be aware of the fact that without the species on 5.which we depend for our survival，we would be also at risk.Many anxious environmentalists write informative and innovative 6.essays(essay) to educate people to go green.Conservation measures involve switching to solar energy，stopping using throwaway cartons or chopsticks that can’t 7.be recycled(recycle)，and taking public transportation on a regular 8.basis(base) to and from work.To sum up，everybody has a role 9.to play(play) in protecting our planet and if we all set out to do our part，the 10.harmonious(harmony) world will be restored. 提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇 switch n．(电路的)开关 v．改变，转变 switch off关上(电灯、电视等)；断掉(电源) switch on打开；开始运行 switch(...)from...to...把(……)由……转变为…… (应用文写作之口头通知) 请注意！我们将从火车转乘有轨电车到省博物馆。到达目的地后，请确保所有手机处于关机状态。打开手机会影响我们访问。 Attention，please！We will switch from the train to the tram to reach the provincial museum.Upon reaching the destination，please make sure all mobile phones are switched off.Switching them on will influence our visit. decrease vi.& vt.减少n.减少；减少的量 •decrease by...减少了…… decrease (from...) to...(从……)减少到…… •on the decrease 正在下降；正在减少 on the increase 正在增加 (1)To sum up，the number of new students decreased from 200 to 150.That is to say，the number decreased by 25%. (2)We have been aware that it is because of varied human activities that the number of ocean animals is decreasing/on the decrease(正在下降)．So there is an urgent need to switch our wrongdoing so that their number will be gradually on the increase(将会逐渐增加)． (2022·全国甲，书面表达) blame v．把……归咎于，责怪 n．(坏事或错事的)责任；指责；过失 •blame sb for...因……而指责某人；把……归咎于某人 blame sth on sb把某事归咎于某人 be to blame (for sth)(为某事)承担责任；(因某事)该受责备(主动形式表被动意义) •take/deserve the blame for...对……负责；为……承担责任 put/lay the blame for sth on sb把某事推到某人身上/归咎于某人 (1)We human beings are supposed to take the blame for extinct or endangered species，so we must do our part in wildlife conservation. (2)(话题写作之人际交往)当和其他人相处时，我们不应该总是因错误而指责其他人。毕竟，很多时候我们也应该受到责备。因此，我们应该多交流、换位思考，而不仅仅是把错误归咎于其他人。 When getting along with others，we shouldn’t always blame others for mistakes.After all，many times we are also to blame.So instead of blaming mistakes on others/putting/laying the blame for mistakes on others，we should communicate more and put ourselves in others’ place. annoyed adj.恼怒的；生气的(annoy vt.使恼怒；打扰；使烦恼；使生气annoying adj.令人生气的annoyance n．恼怒) •be annoyed with sb对某人生气 be annoyed about/at sth为某事生气 •What annoys sb most is that...最让某人生气的是…… •to one’s annoyance使某人生气的是 (1)I was annoyed with him about/at his annoying(annoy) rude table manners. (2)使我生气的是，我和我的搭档总是在很多方面存在分歧，我不知道怎么才能改善这种状况。(2022·浙江1月，读后续写) ①Much to my annoyance，I disagreed with my partner in many aspects and I had no idea how I could improve the situation.(annoyance) ②What annoyed me was that/What made me annoyed was that I disagreed with my partner in many aspects and I had no idea how I could improve the situation. relate v．涉及；使联系(related adj.有关的；相关的relation n．关系；联系；亲属) •relate...to...把……和……联系起来 relate to涉及；和……相关；谈到；理解 •(be) related to有关系的；有关联的 (1)It is claimed that the “new four great inventions” are all related to China’s high-tech innovations. (2)(记叙文之写人)我们的班主任不仅能理解我们学生，而且他还能不断地将我们正在学习的东西与现实世界联系起来。 Not only can our head teacher relate to us students but also he can constantly relate what we are studying to the real world. (3)(应用文写作之申请信)由于有丰富的相关经验，我深信我会非常胜任这个职位。 With so much related experience，I am greatly convinced that I will be incredibly qualified for the position. suit vt.适合n.套装(suitable adj.合适的；适用的) •suit...to...使……适合…… suit one’s needs适合某人的需要 •be suitable for 对……适合的 be suitable to do sth 适合做某事 (1)(应用文写作之申请信)I do believe I am suitable for this voluntary work，because I have a good knowledge of English. ＝I do believe I am suitable to do(do) this voluntary work，because I have a good knowledge of English. (2)如果以上安排不符合您的需求，请毫不犹豫地告知我，以便我为您量身定制相关项目。 If the above arrangements don’t suit your needs，please inform me without hesitation so that I can suit relevant items to you. 用法点拨　suit多指合乎需要、口味、性格、款式等；fit多指大小、形状等合适；match多指色调、形状、性质等搭配。 wipe out彻底毁灭，消灭 work out 解决；算出 set out开始做某事，着手进行 turn out 结果是 check out结账后离开 come out出版；长出 die out灭亡；逐渐消失 用“动词＋out”短语的适当形式填空 (1)The disease threatens to wipe out the entire population. (2)It is reported that 844 species have died out in the past decade. (3)He didn’t tell us for sure when his new book would come out but said that he was working hard to finish it. (4)Once they arrived，they set out to separate unrecyclable rubbish from the waste that was reusable. (5)It turned out that the maths problem was difficult，but my partner and I decided to work it out. stressed out 疲惫不堪；焦虑不安(stressed adj.焦虑不安的 stress n．压力 vt.强调 stressful adj.压力重的；紧张的) under stress在压力之下 lay/place/put stress on/upon...强调…… (1)面对这样一个压力巨大的挑战，我非常焦虑，感觉如坐针毡。老师感觉到我压力很大，就拍了拍我的肩膀，安慰和鼓励我。(2023·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写) Faced with such a stressful challenge，so anxious was I that I was on pins and needles.Sensing I was under stress/stressed (out)，my teacher patted me on the shoulder，comforting and encouraging me. (2)我怎么强调海洋保护的重要性都不为过。(2022·全国甲，书面表达) I can’t lay/place/put stress on/upon the significance of/stress the significance of ocean conservation too much. sum up总结；概括 make up弥补；构成；编造；和解 make up for补偿，弥补 turn up 开大；出现 go up 上升；上涨 set up 设立；建立 take up开始从事；占据(时间、空间等)；拿起 add up加起来；总计 用“动词＋up”短语的适当形式填空 (1)The story may be summed up in one sentence: Hard work can make up for a lack of ability. (2)With the price of houses going up，I have no alternative but to take up a part-time job in a company that was set up by my friends three years ago. (3)(读后续写之动作链描写)Once my mother turned up，I swallowed my pride，rushed to her and said sorry to her，trying to make up with her. (4)I have great difficulty adding up these numbers，so could you please give me a hand? 倍数表达法　They found that human activity is causing species to die out 1,000 times faster than normal.他们发现人类活动导致物种灭亡的速度比正常情况快1 000倍。 倍数的表达方式： •A＋be＋倍数＋as＋adj./adv.原级＋as B •A＋be＋倍数＋adj./adv.比较级＋than B •A＋be＋倍数＋the＋名词(size/weight/length/...)＋of B 这部短片讲述了我们学校的发展。现在，我们新学校的面积是10年前的三倍大。 (1)The short film tells about the development of our school.Now our new school is three times as large as what it was ten years ago.(倍数＋as＋adj./adv.原级＋as) (2)The short film tells about the development of our school.Now our new school is three times larger than what it was ten years ago.(倍数＋adj./adv.比较级＋than) (3)The short film tells about the development of our school.Now our new school is three times the size of what it was ten years ago.(倍数＋the＋名词＋of) 提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇 Ⅰ.一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍 1．claim (1)It is claimed that the red dragon is a positive symbol，indicating strength and a sense of national identity. B (2)The police say that if no one claims the watch，you can keep it. D (3)The company has made a claim for damages caused by the delay of delivery. A (4)It is reported that the hurricane Sandy has claimed thousands of lives. C 2．mass (1)There is a mass of cloud in the sky and it seems as if it is going to rain. A (2)There is no doubt that the trains provide cheap travel for the masses. C (3)Most importantly，Edison realized that success depended on mass electrification，which he showed in New York City.(2022·浙江1月) D (4)Wherever the band went，masses of fans would welcome them at the airport. B 3．快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的意思 (1)When hearing the familiar sound of the horn of ships，I can’t help bursting into tears.汽笛声 (2)What trick are those children hatching？策划 (3)She was displeased with absolutely everything，nothing was right and I was rather surprised that she became a “regular”．(2020·全国Ⅲ) 常客 (4)You’re going to have to swallow your pride and ask for your job back.掩饰；抑制 (5)At first I got jammed just above my eyes and then，as I went on with my task，unwilling to quit，my nose briefly prevented entry.(2021·浙江1月)动弹不得；卡住了 (6)I can’t work next weekend—will you switch with me？调班 (7)I watched for the desert sunsets，and hunted for seashells that had been left there millions of years ago.寻找 Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识 1．After being rejected as a fashion designer，the young man switched to environment conversation. 2．The bridge completed last year collapsed，and it was said that an overloaded truck was to blame(blame)． 3．However hard he works，he won’t be recognised as a success by his mother，which is really annoying(annoy)． 4．As a result of disciplines，the construction speed has been three times faster than the speed in the previous days. 5．The ultimate goal of the millionaire is to earn billions(billion) of dollars at the end of the year. 6．It is claimed(claim) that another three astronauts will be sent into space next month. 7．Many party members are devoted to wiping out poverty in underdeveloped areas. 8．You are required to sum up the main idea of the passage with a maximum，rather than a minimum of 6 words. 9．Without the hybrid rice cultivated by Yuan Longping，many people would have died(die) from hunger in the past. 10．It took much time as well as patience to convince him to stay in when parents went out. 2023·北京 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国好友Jim正在策划一次以“绿色北京”为主题的社团活动，他发来邮件询问你的建议。请你用英文给他回复，内容包括： 1.活动形式； 2.活动内容。 完成句子 1．我写信是想告诉你一些与主题是“绿色北京”的社团活动有关的事情。(be related to；定语从句) ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 2．首先，适合组织一次环城徒步旅行，探索北京的绿色地方，同时推广环保交通。(be suitable to do；while doing) ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 3．为什么不开始种树，既美化城市，又净化空气？(set out) ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 4．绿色北京离不开大家的共同努力，所以我强调的是当地志愿者和环保组织之间的合作。(without引导含蓄虚拟语气；lay stress on) ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 5．只要你考虑以上建议，你就可以成功地组织这个活动，所以不要感到有压力。(stressed out) ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 组句成篇 把以上句子用适当的过渡词语和过渡句组成一篇80词左右的短文。 ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 参考范文 Dear Jim， I am writing to tell you something that is related to the club activity with the theme of “Green Beijing”．The following are my suggestions. First of all，it is suitable to organise a walking tour around the city to explore the green places in Beijing while promoting eco-friendly transportation.Additionally，why not set out to plant trees to not only beautify the city but also purify the air？Last but not least，without joint efforts，a green Beijing wouldn’t be built，and as a consequence，I lay stress on the cooperation between local volunteers and local environmental organizations. All in all，as long as you take the above suggestions into account，you can succeed in organising this activity，so don’t be stressed out.I am looking forward to participating in this event and strengthening environmental awareness together. Yours， Li Hua 教材语料整合 亮词 [情感描写]　anxious；stressed out；anger；annoyed；cruel [动作描写]　destroy；recycle；do one’s part；hunt；wipe out；decrease；hatch；sum；restore；relate；blame；set out；wrap；swallow；affect；carve [环境描写]　dirt；traffic jam；typhoon；valley；scenic；historic；varied；plastic；packaging；shell；thunderstorm 美句 1.How often do we arrive at work or school，stressed out，tired and angry？(人物描写) 2.Do whichever of these things that suit you.Don’t just sit around and complain！(结尾升华句) 拓展语料积累　动作细节描写：“头部”动作 词块 drop/lower/bend/bow/hang one’s head 低头　put/hold/bury one’s head in one’s hands 双手抱头　nod/shake one’s head 点/摇头　rest one’s head on/against 把头靠在……上面　scratch one’s head 挠头　raise one’s head 抬头　throw one’s head back 把头往后仰 句型 When he got home，he buried his head under the quilt，pretending to be asleep.(现在分词短语作状语) 他回到家，把头埋在被子里，假装睡着了。 Her mother stopped her housework，raising her head with worry in her eyes.(现在分词短语作状语) 她母亲停止了家务，抬起头，眼里流露出忧虑。 I rose，sat close to my mother，rested my head on her shoulder and could hardly resist weeping.(动作链描写)我站起来，坐在母亲身边，把头靠在她的肩膀上，忍不住哭了起来。 I walked slowly to the bus，my head down，tears in my eyes.(独立主格) 我慢慢地向公共汽车走去，低着头，眼里含着泪水。 语料运用　主题：环境保护 I lived in a historic and scenic town.However，I ①was annoyed at/about some phenomena recently and I couldn’t swallow my anger.When I walked slowly in each place，I saw varied plastic packaging，shells of nuts and characters carved on walls and trees.Then I ②approached my mother，sat close to her，rested my head on her shoulder and could hardly resist weeping(动作链描写)．My mother stroked my head and encouraged me to take immediate action.Finally，I ③raised my head and wiped my tears，with hope in my eyes.Besides，there were often traffic jams in the town.Anxious about my town，I set out to clean up the rubbish with other environmentalists.Instead of ④blaming tourists for the pollution/blaming the pollution on tourists，I decided to affect others with my behaviour. 我住在一个历史悠久、风景优美的小镇。然而，最近我对一些现象感到恼火，我无法控制我的愤怒。当我慢慢地走在每一个地方时，我看到了各种各样的塑料包装、坚果壳和刻在墙上和树上的字。然后我走近母亲，坐在她身边，把头靠在她的肩膀上，忍不住哭了起来。母亲抚摸着我的头，鼓励我立即采取行动。最后，我抬起头，擦了擦眼泪，眼里充满了希望。此外，镇上经常有交通堵塞。我很担心我的小镇，于是我开始和其他环保主义者一起清理垃圾。我决定用自己的行为去影响别人，而不是把污染归咎于游客。 高考题型组合练(1) Ⅰ.阅读理解 A After talking about it for years，I finally got to visit Puglia in 2021.Not for a week or two but an entire month.I am glad that I married a half-Italian. A little background，my husband’s father’s family is from Salento in Puglia and they even have a place to stay there on the beach.I have heard about this place ever since I got married.I ended up visiting it six years after being married. Honestly，it wasn’t my first time in Italy.I was in the Trentino region before but most of the Italians told me that “the real Italy only starts from the south of Rome”．Anyway，I was all set to have a very “average” experience in the south of Italy in every sense but I was in for a surprise.That’s because I have visited a lot of amazing beaches and islands.Moreover，I have also visited countries that are known for their amazing food and I thought I’d find Italian food very “plain and basic”，but I was wrong.I didn’t expect to love it so much. If there’s one country that’s so culturally powerful that everyone has to experience it at least once，it has got to be Italy.In terms of culture，family，food，art，architecture and music—they all play an important part individually and wholly.Italians take pride in their culture. It is hard to describe how it is to experience a new culture.I come from a country where culture plays a very visible part and I felt something similar in Italy.Even if you arrive in Italy with a closed mind，over time the country will win you over because you can’t help but fall in love with it. 1．Why does the author always want to visit Puglia? A．It’s where she was born. B．It’s a famous tourist site. C．She is interested in Roman culture. D．She has heard of it for long. 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据第一段中“After talking about it for years，I finally got to visit Puglia in 2021.”和第二段中“I have heard about this place ever since I got married.I ended up visiting it six years after being married.”可推知，作者一直想去Puglia的原因是她很久之前就听说了这个地方。故选D。 2．How did the author feel after visiting the south of Italy? A．Curious. B．Proud. C．Amazed. D．Disappointed. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中“Anyway，I was all set to have a very ‘average’ experience in the south of Italy in every sense but I was in for a surprise.”和“I didn’t expect to love it so much.”可知，作者在游览了意大利南部后，感到很惊喜，故选C。 3．What impressed the author most about Italy? A．Its culture. B．Its architecture. C．Its scenery. D．Its geographical location. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“If there’s one country that’s so culturally powerful that everyone has to experience it at least once，it has got to be Italy.”可知，给作者印象最深的是意大利的文化，故选A。 4．Where does this text probably come from? A．A travel diary. B．A science report. C．A geography textbook. D．An advertising brochure. 答案　A 解析　文章出处题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了作者在游览意大利之后的感受，由此可推知，文章可能选自一本旅行日记。故选A。 B(★) (2023·全国甲，D) Grizzly bears，which may grow to about 2.5m long and weigh over 400kg，occupy a conflicted corner of the American psyche—we revere(敬畏) them even as they give us frightening dreams.Ask the tourists from around the world that flood into Yellowstone National Park what they most hope to see，and their answer is often the same：a grizzly bear. “Grizzly bears are re-occupying large areas of their former range，” says bear biologist Chris Servheen.As grizzly bears expand their range into places where they haven’t been seen in a century or more，they’re increasingly being sighted by humans. The Western half of the US was full of grizzlies when Europeans came，with a rough number of 50,000 or more living alongside Native Americans.By the early 1970s，after centuries of cruel and continuous hunting by settlers,600 to 800 grizzlies remained on a mere 2 percent of their former range in the Northern Rockies.In 1975，grizzlies were listed under the Endangered Species Act. Today，there are about 2,000 or more grizzly bears in the US.Their recovery has been so successful that the US Fish and Wildlife Service has twice attempted to de-list grizzlies，which would loosen legal protections and allow them to be hunted.Both efforts were overturned due to lawsuits from conservation groups.For now，grizzlies remain listed. Obviously，if precautions(预防) aren’t taken，grizzlies can become troublesome，sometimes killing farm animals or walking through yards in search of food.If people remove food and attractants from their yards and campsites，grizzlies will typically pass by without trouble.Putting electric fencing around chicken houses and other farm animal quarters is also highly effective at getting grizzlies away.“Our hope is to have a clean，attractant-free place where bears can pass through without learning bad habits，” says James Jonkel，longtime biologist who manages bears in and around Missoula. 语篇解读　本文是说明文，讲述了美国灰熊从濒危状态恢复到2 000多头的种群规模，但这也带来了一些问题。 5．How do Americans look at grizzlies? A．They cause mixed feelings in people. B．They should be kept in national parks. C．They are of high scientific value. D．They are a symbol of American culture. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中“Grizzly bears...occupy a conflicted corner of the American psyche—we revere(敬畏) them even as they give us frightening dreams.”可知，美国人对灰熊既害怕又敬畏，他们的情感是复杂的。故选A。 6．What has helped the increase of the grizzly population? A．The European settlers’ behavior. B．The expansion of bears’ range. C．The protection by law since 1975. D．The support of Native Americans. 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据第三段中“In 1975，grizzlies were listed under the Endangered Species Act.”以及第四段中“Today，there are about 2,000 or more grizzly bears in the US.”可推知，由于1975年起受法律保护，灰熊的数量有了增长。故选C。 7．What has stopped the US Fish and Wildlife Service from de-listing grizzlies? A．The opposition of conservation groups. B．The successful comeback of grizzlies. C．The voice of the biologists. D．The local farmers’ advocates. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第四段中“Both efforts were overturned due to lawsuits from conservation groups.For now，grizzlies remain listed.”可知，是动物保护组织的反对阻止了美国鱼类和野生动物管理局将灰熊从濒危物种名单上除名。故选A。 8．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．Food should be provided for grizzlies. B．People can live in harmony with grizzlies. C．A special path should be built for grizzlies. D．Technology can be introduced to protect grizzlies. 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段中“If people remove food and attractants...effective at getting grizzlies away.”可推知，如果采取一些预防措施，人和灰熊可以和谐相处。故选B。 C(★) When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America，the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife.Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely.Unfortunately，it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources.Millions of waterfowl(水禽) were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly ambitious sportsmen.Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations，greatly reducing waterfowl habitat(栖息地)． In 1934，with the passage of the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act(Act)，an increasingly concerned nation took firm action to stop the destruction of migratory(迁徙的) waterfowl and the wetlands so vital to their survival.Under this Act，all waterfowl hunters 16 years of age and over must annually purchase and carry a Federal Duck Stamp.The very first Federal Duck Stamp was designed by J．N.“Ding” Darling，a political cartoonist from Des Moines，Lowa，who at that time was appointed by President Franklin Roosevelt as Director of the Bureau of Biological Survey.Hunters willingly pay the stamp price to ensure the survival of our natural resources. About 98 cents of every duck stamp dollar goes directly into the Migratory Bird Conservation Fund to purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat for inclusion into the National Wildlife Refuge System—a fact that ensures this land will be protected and available for all generations to come.Since 1934，better than half a billion dollars has gone into that Fund to purchase more than 5 million acres of habitat.Little wonder the Federal Duck Stamp Program has been called one of the most successful conservation programs ever initiated. 9．What was a cause of the waterfowl population decline in North America? A．Loss of wetlands. B．Popularity of water sports. C．Pollution of rivers. D．Arrival of other wild animals. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations，greatly reducing waterfowl habitat(栖息地)．”可知，湿地丧失是水禽数量减少的原因之一，故选A。 10．What does the underlined word “decimate” mean in the first paragraph? A．Acquire. B．Export. C．Destroy. D．Distribute. 答案　C 解析　词义猜测题。根据语境可知，画线词所在句与上文形成转折，上文讲到了探险者抵达北美洲时，这片大陆上充满了各种各样的野生物种，整个大陆生机勃勃。美洲土著居民明智地照顾着这些宝贵的自然资源，因此画线词所在句应讲述这些资源受到的破坏——探险者及随之而来的殖民者只用了几十年就将大部分资源破坏，故画线词与C项的意义最接近。故选C。 11．What is a direct result of the Act passed in 1934? A．The stamp price has gone down. B．The migratory birds have flown away. C．The hunters have stopped hunting. D．The government has collected money. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“About 98 cents of every duck stamp dollar goes directly into the Migratory Bird Conservation Fund...Since 1934，better than half a billion dollars has gone into that Fund”可知，《候鸟狩猎印花税法案》带来的一个直接结果是政府筹到了钱，故选D。 12．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A．The Federal Duck Stamp Story B．The National Wildlife Refuge System C．The Benefits of Saving Waterfowl D．The History of Migratory Bird Hunting 答案　A 解析　标题归纳题。阅读文章内容可知，本文主要讲述了《候鸟狩猎印花税法案》出台的背景、联邦鸭票的设计、用途及其作用和影响，故选A。 Ⅱ.七选五 I came to Russia to study in the winter of 2021.My university is located in Moscow，the capital of Russia，which is a city with a long history. The second I stepped out of the airport，I immediately felt how cold it was outside.__1__When I saw the main building of Moscow State University，I was deeply shocked by its beautiful architecture with its 270-year-long history.Sensing how small I was in front of this splendid building，I felt the crystallization(结晶) of human wisdom resonate within me. __2__The snow and ice won’t melt until April of the following year.Just like the melting snow，I gradually overcame the difficulties of studying abroad and came to adjust to my new environment. The first challenge was the language barrier.After learning Russian in China，I realized that my skills were nowhere near enough.I was not fluent in Russian，sometimes causing misunderstandings.__3__ In Russia，everyone intentionally stands on the right side when taking the escalator(自动扶梯)，which takes time to get used to. The artistic atmosphere in Russia is very strong，however.__4__ Tickets for concerts and cultural events here are relatively cheap，making it easy to enrich my life on weekends. In a nutshell，living abroad means overcoming all kinds of difficulties.The experience will always leave a colorful shade in our lives.Just as the old saying in Chinese goes，“It is better to travel ten thousand miles than to read ten thousand books.” __5__ A．Take a look at the outside world while you are young! B．Obviously，the freezing climate does not agree with me. C．The cultural differences were also hard to deal with at first. D．I can visit many of the attractions that I used to see in my textbooks. E．And the buildings surrounding me looked so different from the ones in China. F．Starting from early November each year，the snow season in Moscow is very long. G．Thanks to the abundant activities I get to explore what I’ve learned in practical contexts. 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在俄罗斯的留学经历，感受着异国他乡的文化与习俗。 1．答案　E 解析　根据后文的“When I saw the main building of Moscow State University，I was deeply shocked by its beautiful architecture with its 270-year-long history.”可知，此处强调的是教学楼建筑物深深地震撼了作者，故前文应该与之呼应。E选项“And the buildings surrounding me looked so different from the ones in China.”中的the buildings与后文呼应。故选E。 2．答案　F 解析　根据后文的“The snow and ice won’t melt until April of the following year.”可知，前文应该强调的是莫斯科的下雪季。F选项“Starting from early November each year，the snow season in Moscow is very long.”引起下文，下文解释了莫斯科雪季的时间。故选F。 3．答案　C 解析　根据后文“In Russia，everyone intentionally stands on the right side when taking the escalator(自动扶梯)，which takes time to get used to.”可知，此处强调的是中俄文化上的差异需要作者花费时间来适应。C选项“The cultural differences were also hard to deal with at first.” 引起下文，强调了文化差异给作者带来的影响。故选C。 4．答案　D 解析　根据后文的“Tickets for concerts and cultural events here are relatively cheap，making it easy to enrich my life on weekends.”可知，前文应该强调作者去参观景点，才能与此处的音乐会和文化活动的门票相承接。D选项“I can visit many of the attractions that I used to see in my textbooks.”中的attractions(景点)与下文景点的门票相对应，符合语境。故选D。 5．答案　A 解析　根据前文“Just as the old saying in Chinese goes，‘It is better to travel ten thousand miles than to read ten thousand books.’”可知，此处强调的是多出去看世界的好处和意义。故选A。 高考题型组合练(2) Ⅰ.阅读理解 A Franco Bergamino is like a surprise “hidden recipe” among young people in southwest China’s Chongqing Municipality，where the 62-year-old Italian chef runs a dessert house called Mimosa. The dessert house serves wine jelly with green pepper cheese，jasmine mousse and peach-Oolong cake—fusion(融合) desserts that combine Italian specialties with local Chinese ingredients(原料)． Bergamino used to run two dessert houses in his hometown of Turin，both having a history of 90 years.In 2016，he settled in Chongqing and set up a dessert workshop. “I especially like Chongqing，where the food and culture are completely different from my hometown.Life here is like ‘the other side of the coin’，” he said. With the help of his local English-speaking friends，he overcame the language barrier and even learned some Chongqing dialects(方言)．More importantly，he has got used to the Chinese table culture of “sharing food together”． Bergamino said，back in Turin，frequent customers to his shop would buy the same desserts and they would be disappointed if they were sold out.The situation in Chongqing，however，is very different.Customers expect different desserts each month，and they would be disappointed if the dessert menu stayed the same，he said. From 2016 to 2022，Bergamino felt a huge change in the taste of Chinese customers.“In the past，Chinese guests always said that my desserts were too sweet.Now more and more people have accepted the authentic Italian tastes.Mimosa’s consumers are mainly between 25 and 35，a group that is more willing to try overseas tastes partly due to China’s continued opening to the outside world，” he said. “I hope I can live to 95 and still work，” he said，so that he can，besides bringing authentic Italian desserts to more customers having a sweet tooth，let more people feel the fusion of Chinese and Italian cultures in his desserts. 语篇解读　这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述来自意大利的Franco Bergamino在重庆开了一家甜品店，受到了人们尤其是年轻人的欢迎。他希望在未来能通过食物融合中意文化。 1．How does Bergamino like his life in Chongqing? A．It’s aimless. B．It’s hard to adapt to. C．It’s stressful. D．It’s completely new. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第四段中“I especially like Chongqing，where the food and culture are completely different from my hometown.Life here is like ‘the other side of the coin”可知，Bergamino认为他在重庆的生活是全新的，饮食和文化都与自己的家乡完全不同。故选D。 2．What do we know about Mimosa? A．It has a secret recipe. B．It has a history of 90 years. C．It’s more popular with young people. D．It’s a window of western table culture. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“Mimosa’s consumers are mainly between 25 and 35，a group that is more willing to try overseas tastes partly due to China’s continued opening to the outside world”可知，Mimosa更受年轻人欢迎。故选C。 3．Which of the following best describes Bergamino’s business? A．Challenging but promising. B．Booming but uncreative. C．More and more profitable. D．More and more controversial. 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。根据倒数第三段的“Customers expect different desserts each month，and they would be disappointed if the dessert menu stayed the same，he said.”可知，他的事业具有挑战性，因为顾客要求不断的创新；根据倒数第二段的“Now more and more people have accepted the authentic Italian tastes.Mimosa’s consumers are mainly between 25 and 35...”可知，他的事业充满希望，因为越来越多的人接受了正宗的意大利口味。综上，故选A。 4．What’s Bergamino’s expectation in his future dessert career? A．To add more Italian elements. B．To promote cultural combination. C．To set up more dessert houses. D．To expand the age group of consumers. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段“‘I hope I can...，’ he said，so that he can，besides bringing authentic Italian desserts to more customers having a sweet tooth，let more people feel the fusion of Chinese and Italian cultures in his desserts.”可知，Bergamino对他未来的甜点事业的期望是促进中意文化的融合。故选B。 B(★) John “Charlie” Veron—widely known as “the Godfather of Coral Reef(珊瑚礁)”—is a celebrated expert who has personally discovered nearly a quarter of the world’s coral species and has spent the past 45 years diving Australia’s Great Barrier Reef.But now the 73-year-old is raising the alarm about its future.The Great Barrier Reef，one of the natural wonders，is 2,300 kilometers long and is the only living organism that can be seen from space.It is considered a World Treasure Site due to its biodiversity(生物多样性) with 30 species of whales，dolphins and sharks.Within the reef itself，there are also a number of tiny organisms and fishes. However，its health is threatened.After the recent mass bleaching(白化) events，Veron dived in many areas of the Great Barrier Reef to see the damage for himself.“I was seeing and feeling it and it was absolutely shocking，” he says. Veron says the mass bleaching events in the past few years—and the possibility of losing one of nature’s greatest treasures—were a wake-up call for the world in the wider battle against climate change，which，together with the rising sea temperature，is considered the greatest threats to the reef. Fortunately，earlier this year，the Australian government announced nearly 400 million dollars in new funding towards scientific projects designed to help the reef. There has been criticism in Australia about the slow process for the funding.“It won’t be wasted，though，” Veron says.“As scientists will be able to create a sort of seed bank to protect the species until the climate is good enough to rebuild the reef.What the scientists hope to do is to help nature along a bit after the big carbon dioxide increase is over and it starts to come down.” 5．Why is the Great Barrier Reef considered a treasure site? A．It is a natural wonder. B．It can be seen from space. C．It has a rich variety of species. D．It is home to a great many fishes. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“It is considered a World Treasure Site due to its biodiversity(生物多样性) with 30 species of whales，dolphins and sharks.”可知，大堡礁被认为是一块宝地是因为其自身的生物多样性。故选C。 6．What’s Veron’s attitude to the future of the reef according to the last paragraph? A．Uncaring. B．Doubtful. C．Uncertain. D．Positive. 答案　D 解析　观点态度题。根据最后一段中的“As scientists will be able to create a sort of seed bank to protect the species until the climate is good enough to rebuild the reef...”可知，对于大堡礁的未来Veron持积极乐观的态度。故选D。 7．What does the passage mainly tell us? A．Climate change is threatening biodiversity. B．The Great Barrier Reef is in danger of extinction. C．Scientists have found major factors in the reef’s bleaching. D．Veron has made great contributions to environmental protection. 答案　B 解析　主旨大意题。文章第一段介绍了大堡礁因为其生物多样性被认为是一块宝地；第二、三段讲述了大堡礁正在受到威胁；第四、五段介绍了澳大利亚政府为了帮助大堡礁所做的努力以及专家Veron所持的观点态度。由此可知，本文主要介绍了大堡礁正在面临消亡的危险，故选B。 8．What is the text? A．A news report. B．A travel guide. C．A research plan. D．A journal entry. 答案　A 解析　文章类型题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了大堡礁作为宝地的原因、正在受到威胁的现状以及政府和专家对此现象所持的态度。由此可推知，本文属于新闻报道，故选A。 Ⅱ.完形填空 Days earlier，Sarah Bellamy had received a mysterious email saying that a wealth management company was interested in discussing the financial crisis of Penumbra.Now，when she was __1__ to unload her groceries onto the conveyor belt(传送带)，her phone rang.“They told me that MacKenzie Scott was __2__ in investing Penumbra，” Bellamy remembers. It was a familiar __3__ for hundreds of other nonprofit leaders—all __4__ the woman who has become one of the most __5__ and surprising philanthropists(慈善家) in the world.Her name is MacKenzie Scott—the writer，first Amazon employee，and former wife of company founder Jeff Bezos.However，__6__ Scott divorced，she had __7__ more than $12 billion of her fortune to help others.As this story went to press，Scott had just__8__ her latest money bomb，revealing in late March that she’d given away $3.9 billion. Scott’s only __9__ of her recipients is that they help maintain her privacy.It’s impossible to __10__ a Scott grant(拨款)，to send her a thank-you note，or to contact her directly；she and her closest advisers almost never __11__ to requests for interviews.Even Bellamy has been __12__ not to identify the person who informed them __13__ her donations. Rey Saldana，CEO of a network of nonprofits，says，“Scott is a person who __14__ a significant amount of power by the value of her wealth and understands how to actually __15__ power.” 语篇解读　这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了女慈善家MacKenzie Scott捐出巨额个人财产，帮助缺乏资金支持的众多非营利机构渡过难关的故事。 1．A.preparing B．thinking C．enjoying D．picking 答案　A 解析　根据下文“to unload her groceries onto the conveyor belt(传送带)”可知，Sarah Bellamy正准备购物结账时，电话响了。故选A。 2．A.absorbed B．devoted C．interested D．frustrated 答案　C 解析　absorbed全神贯注的；devoted挚爱的；interested感兴趣的；frustrated沮丧的。根据第一段第一句“Days earlier，Sarah Bellamy had received...was interested in discussing the financial crisis of Penumbra.”可知，MacKenzie Scott对投资Penumbra很感兴趣。故选C。 3．A.doubt B．experience C．scenery D．pattern 答案　B 解析　根据下文“However，________ Scott divorced，she had ________ more than $12 billion of her fortune to help others.”可知，很多曾经受到过MacKenzie Scott捐款帮助的非营利机构都是接到了一通神秘的电话，被告知他们可以得到资金支持，这是非常熟悉的经历。故选B。 4．A.apart from B．thanks to C．but for D．regardless of 答案　B 解析　apart from除了……还；thanks to多亏了，由于；but for要不是；regardless of不管。根据下文“the woman”和文章提到的MacKenzie Scott将自己的财产捐给有需要的人可知，此处表示多亏了MacKenzie Scott，一些非营利组织都收到了她的捐款。故选B。 5．A.pleased B．troubling C．happy D．generous 答案　D 解析　根据下文“surprising philanthropists(慈善家)”可知，MacKenzie Scott是一位慷慨的慈善家。故选D。 6．A.because B．if C．as D．although 答案　C 解析　根据下文“Scott divorced，she had ________ more than $12 billion of her fortune to help others”可知，此处指当MacKenzie Scott离婚的时候，她就已经捐出了120亿美元的个人财产来帮助他人。故选C。 7．A.given away B．given off C．given out D．given in 答案　A 解析　give away捐赠；give off散发(气味)，发出(光)；give out分发；give in屈服。根据“revealing in late March that she’d given away $3.9 billion”可知，此处表示离婚时，MacKenzie Scott已经捐出高达120亿美元的财产。故选A。 8．A.agreed B．donated C．passed D．worked 答案　B 解析　根据“she’d given away $3.9 billion”可知，此处指MacKenzie Scott截止到三月已经捐出39亿美元的巨款。故选B。 9．A.demand B．click C．pressure D．application 答案　A 解析　根据下文“they help maintain her privacy”可知，MacKenzie Scott捐款的唯一要求是受捐人替她保守自己的身份信息。故选A。 10．A.adapt to B．apply for C．focus on D．fix on 答案　B 解析　adapt to适应；apply for申请；focus on集中于；fix on选定。根据前文“they help maintain her privacy”和下文“she and her closest advisers almost never ________ to requests for interviews”可知，MacKenzie Scott非常注重自己的隐私，当然不会对来路不明的申请做出回应。故选B。 11．A.devote B．write C．respond D．link 答案　C 解析　根据上文提到Scott要求接受捐助的人帮她保守隐私以及无法直接联系她可知，MacKenzie Scott非常低调，几乎从不回应人们的采访。故选C。 12．A.allowed B．permitted C．asked D．wanted 答案　C 解析　根据上文“Scott’s only ________ of her recipients is that they help maintain her privacy.”可知，MacKenzie Scott会要求受捐人替她保守隐私，甚至要求他们对身边的工作人员的身份也要守口如瓶。故选C。 13．A.in B．on C．under D．of 答案　D 解析　根据固定搭配inform sb of sth“告知某人某事”可知，该空格处指工作人员告知受捐人有关捐款事宜。故选D。 14．A.holds B．comments C．judges D．identifies 答案　A 解析　根据前文“the woman who has become one of the most ________ and surprising philanthropists(慈善家) in the world”可知，MacKenzie Scott因其巨额的财富和慷慨慈善的义举，拥有巨大的能量和影响力。故选A。 15．A.preserve B．serve C．handle D．share 答案　D 解析　根据上文可知，MacKenzie Scott慷慨捐出巨额善款，将自己的力量分享给那些需要帮助的人。故选D。 Ⅲ.语法填空 China added a laboratory to its permanent orbiting space station on July 25,2022 as it moved toward completing the structure in coming 1.____________(month)． The Wentian lab module was launched from the Wenchang space base on the tropical island province of Hainan with 2.____________ large crowd of amateur photographers and space lovers watching.After 13 hours of flight，it 3.____________(successful) docked(对接) with the Tiangong station’s main Tianhe living module at 3：13 a．m.,4.____________ had been launched before the Wentian lab module. The Wentian was designed 5.____________ science and biology experiments，and its feature is that the 23-ton lab module was 6.____________(heavy) than any other single-module spacecraft currently in space.It was followed by a second lab module，the Mengtian，sent on October 31,2022.Three astronauts 7.____________(be) then living in the core module(核心舱) on a six-month mission and oversaw the Wentian’s 8.____________(arrive) and docking. A Long March 5B－Y3 rocket，China’s most 9.____________(power)，carried the module in the third such launch since the Chinese space station entered its construction stage.It took place after the Tianzhou-class cargo(货物) spacecraft and the Shenzhou-14 crewed spacecraft. China’s space program launched its first astronaut into orbit in 2003,10.____________(make) it only the third country to do so on its own. 1．答案　months 解析　考查名词。此处表示“在接下来的几个月里”，所以空处需填名词复数。故填months。 2．答案　a 解析　考查冠词。a crowd of表示“一群，许多的”，且large首字母发音为辅音音素。故填a。 3．答案　successfully 解析　考查副词。根据“docked”可知，空处需填副词作状语，修饰动词。故填successfully。 4．答案　which 解析　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是“Tianhe living module”，在从句中作主语，故用which引导。故填which。 5．答案　for 解析　考查介词。be designed for表示“为……而设计，被设计用于……”。故填for。 6．答案　heavier 解析　考查形容词比较级。根据“than any other single-module spacecraft”可知，空处需填形容词比较级。故填heavier。 7．答案　were 解析　考查时态和主谓一致。根据“and oversaw”可知，and连接并列句，前句动词的时态是一般过去时；主语是“Three astronauts”，故be动词用复数。故填were。 8．答案　arrival 解析　考查名词。根据“the Wentian’s”可知，空处需填名词，arrive是动词，表示“到来”，其名词形式是arrival。故填arrival。 9．答案　powerful 解析　考查形容词。根据“China’s most”可知，空处需填形容词。power作名词，表示“力量”，形容词powerful表示“强大的，大功率的”符合语境。故填powerful。 10．答案　making 解析　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词“launched”，故空处需填非谓语动词，中国的太空计划将首位宇航员送入轨道这件事和“make”之间是主动关系，故用现在分词作结果状语。故填making。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $