选择性必修第一册 UNIT 2 SUCCESS（教师用书word）-【步步高】2025年高考英语大一轮复习讲义（北师大版）

Ⅰ.阅读单词——会意 1．persistent adj.坚持的；执意的 2．astronaut n．宇航员 3．millionaire n．百万富翁 4．ultimate adj.最后的，最终的 5．furniture n．家具 6．hybrid n．混合体 7．minimum n．最少量；最小数；最低限度 8．publisher n．出版商 9．contract n．合同；契约 10．distraction n．使人分心的事物 11．strive vi.努力；奋斗 12．encyclopaedia n．百科全书 13．academic adj.学术的 14．element n．基本部分；要素 15．triathlete n．铁人三项运动员 16．rugby n．(英式)橄榄球 17．iron n．铁；熨斗 18．hammer n．榔头；锤子 19．bridal adj.婚礼的；新娘的 Ⅱ.重点单词——记形 1．career n．职业，事业 2．symbol n．象征，标志 3．dormitory＝dorm n．寝室，学生宿舍 4．motivating adj.起激励作用的；激发(人)的 5．extreme n．极端 6．entry n．条目 7．ruin vt.毁掉，糟蹋，毁坏 8．skip vt.不做(本来应做的事)；蹦跳着走 9．defensive adj.自卫的，戒备的 10．workout n．训练，锻炼 11．sacrifice n．牺牲 12．countless adj.无数的，数不尽的 13．hire vt.租用 14．boil vi.&vt.(使)沸腾，煮沸 15．enormous adj.巨大的，庞大的 16．apart adj.& adv.分开；散开 17．platform n．舞台；月台 18．outstanding adj.杰出的，优秀的 19．average adj.平庸的，普通的；平均的 n．平均水平；平均数 20．normal adj.正常的，平常的 21．style n．方式，特点 22．forwards adv.向前 23．collapse vi.突然倒下；倒塌 24．faith n．相信；信任 25．found vt.创立；创建 26．designer n．设计师，设计者 27．bitterly adv.痛苦地；愤恨地 28．label n．标签，标记 vt.贴标签于 29．entrance n．进入许可；入口 30．income n．收入；收益 Ⅲ.拓展单词——悉变 1．determined adj.坚定的，坚决的→determine v．决心；决定→determination n．决心；决定 2.optimistic adj.乐观的，乐观主义的→optimist n．乐观主义者→optimism n．乐观；乐观主义 3．committed adj.坚定的；尽心尽力的→commit v．犯(罪或错等)；承诺→commitment n．投入；忠诚，奉献；承诺 4．disciplined adj.遵守纪律的→discipline v．处罚；自我控制 n．纪律；风纪 5．enthusiastic adj.热心的，热衷的→enthusiasm n．热情，热忱 6.ambitious adj.有抱负的，有雄心的→ambition n．雄心；野心 7．appreciative adj.感激的→appreciate vt.欣赏；赏识→appreciation n．欣赏；感激 8．injury n．伤，损害→injure v．损害→injured adj.受伤的 9．cooperation n．合作，协作→cooperate v．合作，协作→cooperative adj.合作的，协作的 10．employee n．雇员→employ v．雇用→employer n．雇主→employment n．就业；工作；职业 11．comfortably adv.舒服地，舒适地→comfort v．安慰 n．舒适；安慰→comfortable adj.舒服的，舒适的→uncomfortable adj.不舒服的 12.professor n．教授→profession n．职业；行业→professional adj.职业的，专业的n.专业人士 13．fortune n．大笔的钱，巨款；运气→fortunate adj.幸运的→fortunately adv.幸运地→unfortunate adj.不幸的 14．hunger n．饥饿，饥荒→hungry adj.饥饿的→hungrily adv.饥饿地 15．guilty adj.内疚的，羞愧的→guilt n．内疚，羞愧 16．influential adj.有影响力的→influence n．& vt.影响 17．devote vt.把……奉献给；专心致力于→devotion n．奉献；忠诚→devoted adj.忠诚的；全心全意的 18．production n．生产；产量→produce vt.生产；产生n.农产品→producer n．生产者；制造者；制片人→product n．产品；制品 19．championship n．冠军称号，冠军地位→champion n．冠军 20．reject vt.拒绝接受→rejection n．拒绝；摒弃 21．limit vt.& n．限制，限定→limited adj.有限的→limitless adj.无限制的；无限度的 22．convince vt.使确信；说服→convincing adj.令人信服的，有说服力的→convinced adj.坚信的，确信的 23．selfish adj.自私的，自私自利的→selfishness n．自私→selfless adj.无私的 24．length n．长度→long adj.长的→lengthen vt.& vi.延长；伸长 25．recognised adj.公认的；经过检验的→recognise v．认识；认出；辨别出；认可→recognition n．认可；辨认 26．contribute v．捐献；促成→contribution n．捐献；促成 27．retire vi.退休；退职→retired adj.退休的→retirement n．退休；退职 28．leadership n．领导；领导地位→lead v．领导→leader n．领导者；首领；指挥者 29．advanced adj.先进的；高级的；晚期的→advance n．& v．前进；进步；发展 30．reference n．推荐信；谈到，提及→refer v．谈到，提及 31．fashion n．时尚→fashionable adj.流行的 32．promotion n．提升，晋升→promote v．提升，晋升 1．ethnic/'eθnIk/adj.种族的；具有种族特色的 2．ward/wɔːd/n.(医院内的)病房 3．straighten sth out整顿(混乱情况)；解决(问题) 4．dumb/dʌm/adj.愚蠢的；说不出话的 5．browse/braʊz/vi.& vt.(在商店里)随便看看；随意翻阅 6．dawn on sb开始明白(某个事实)，醒悟 7．be ticked off生气的 8．pop up突然出现，冒出来 9．freak/friːk/vi.突然发怒 freak out v．(使)心烦意乱；(使)吓得要死 10．sip/sIp/n.一小口 11．inedible/In'edəbəl/adj.不宜食用的 12．confiscate/'kɒnfIskeIt/vt.把……充公，没收 Ⅳ.背核心短语 1．turn one’s back on...不理会…… 2．be tired of厌烦 3．be regarded as被认为 4．a sense of success/achievement成就感 5．get on发迹；出人头地 6．give away泄露；失去；赠送 7．drop out退出，脱离；辍学 8．boil down to sth归结为；要点是 9．stay in待在家里 10．apply oneself to sth努力；专心致志于某事 11．set sb/sth apart使与众不同 12．retire from从……退休 13．make sense 有意义；解释得通 14．devote...to致力于 Ⅴ.悟经典句式 1．He is pleased to give up the lifestyle of a rich man.(sb＋be＋adj.＋to do...) 他很高兴能放弃富人的生活方式。 2．What I want is to live simply and be helpful to others.(what引导的主语从句) 我想要简单地生活并能帮助别人。 3．Whenever he had more than two thousand dollars，he would give away small bank notes to homeless people in the streets of local areas.(whenever 引导让步状语从句) 每当他的钱超过两千美元时，他就会给当地街头无家可归的人赠送小额钞票。 4．It was a kind of satisfaction and a real sense of success that I had never felt before.(强调句型) 这是一种我以前从未感受过的满足感和真正的成功感。 5．Success is not measured by how much money you have but by how you understand the true meaning of life.(not...but...不是……而是……) 衡量成功与否不在于有多少金钱，而在于如何理解生命的真正意义。 6．I could have become angry or defensive.(could have done) 我本可以生气或者辩解一下的。 默写练习(一) Ⅰ.阅读单词(每小题1分，共8分) 1．persistent adj.坚持的；执意的 2．astronaut n．宇航员 3．millionaire n．百万富翁 4．ultimate adj.最后的，最终的 5．furniture n．家具 6．minimum n．最少量；最小数；最低限度 7．publisher n．出版商 8．contract n．合同；契约 Ⅱ.重点单词(每小题1.5分，共12分) 1．career n．职业，事业 2．symbol n．象征，标志 3．ruin vt.毁掉，糟蹋，毁坏 4．skip vt.不做(本来应做的事)；蹦跳着走 5．defensive adj.自卫的，戒备的 6．workout n．训练，锻炼 7．sacrifice n．牺牲 8．hire vt.租用 Ⅲ.拓展单词(每小题2分，共20分) 1.optimistic adj.乐观的，乐观主义的→optimist n．乐观主义者→optimism n．乐观；乐观主义 2．disciplined adj.遵守纪律的→discipline v．处罚；自我控制 n．纪律；风纪 3．enthusiastic adj.热心的，热衷的→enthusiasm n．热情，热忱 4．cooperation n．合作，协作→cooperate v．合作，协作→cooperative adj.合作的，协作的 5.professor n．教授→profession n．职业；行业→professional adj.职业的，专业的n.专业人士 6．hunger n．饥饿，饥荒→hungry adj.饥饿的→hungrily adv.饥饿地 7．guilty adj.内疚的，羞愧的→guilt n．内疚，羞愧 8．production n．生产；产量→produce vt.生产；产生n.农产品→producer n．生产者；制造者；制片人→product n．产品；制品 9．championship n．冠军称号，冠军地位→champion n．冠军 10．reject vt.拒绝接受→rejection n．拒绝；摒弃 Ⅳ.拔高词汇(每小题1分，共5分) 1．ethnic adj.种族的；具有种族特色的 2．ward n．(医院内的)病房 3．dumb adj.愚蠢的；说不出话的 4．browse vi.& vt.(在商店里)随便看看；随意翻阅 5．sip n．一小口 Ⅴ.核心短语(每小题2分，共10分) 1．a sense of success/achievement成就感 2．turn one’s back on...不理会…… 3．be tired of厌烦 4．drop out退出，脱离；辍学 5．devote...to致力于 Ⅰ.词形变化填空(每小题2分，共20分) 1．Tony is committed to selling the products，because he has made a strong commitment to his boss.(commit) 2．All of the soldiers were appreciative of the medical workers and they wrote a letter of appreciation to appreciate their generous assistance.(appreciate) 3．The employer refused to employ the young woman as an employee in his factory，but he offered her a part-time employment in the Internet shop.(employ) 4．Some passengers got injured in the accident，and fortunately，the injured didn’t have serious injuries.(injure) 5．Tu Youyou is one of the most influential women scientists in our country and her medical discoveries have influenced many people’s life.(influence) 6．The ambitious boy wants to be the chairman of the Student Council，and the teacher says everyone’s ambition deserves respect.(ambition) 7．Lying on the hard bed，he felt uncomfortable.How he wished to be still in his comfortably furnished home.He had to keep comforting himself that everything would be better when he got used to the life in the army.(comfort) 8．My father is a devoted teacher and he devotes almost all his time to teaching，so his devotion to his career earns him lots of respect.(devote) 9．He wanted to make a fortune in a big city and fortunately he got lots of help from strangers.So he was fortunate to get a good job.(fortune) 10．Determined and patient，he determined to open a company in the region and it was with great determination that he could succeed.(determine) Ⅱ.选词填空(每小题2分，共10分) 1．Some plants and animals have survived millions of years and are regarded as living fossils. 2．The young man started an engineering degree but dropped out after only a year. 3．Ambitious and determined，the twins have been studying hard with the objective of getting on in life. 4．Planning in advance makes sense，so you can know what your goal is and how you can achieve your purpose. 5．Being a professional doctor，my father devotes himself to curing patients. Ⅲ.经典句型仿写(每小题5分，共15分) 1．然而，格林先生不高兴看到她花很多钱。(sb＋be＋adj.＋to do...) However，Mr Green was unhappy to see her spend much money. 2．每当她买了一件东西，他都会抱怨。(whenever引导让步状语从句) Whenever she bought an item，he would complain about it. 3．使我兴奋的是我在国际比赛中获得了第一名。(what引导的主语从句) What made me excited was to win first prize in the international competition. 默写练习(二) Ⅰ.阅读单词(每小题1分，共8分) 1．distraction n．使人分心的事物 2．strive vi.努力；奋斗 3．encyclopaedia n．百科全书 4．academic adj.学术的 5．element n．基本部分；要素 6．iron n．铁；熨斗 7．hammer n．榔头；锤子 8．bridal adj.婚礼的；新娘的 Ⅱ.重点单词(每小题1.5分，共18分) 1．boil vi.&vt.(使)沸腾，煮沸 2．enormous adj.巨大的，庞大的 3．outstanding adj.杰出的，优秀的 4．average adj.平庸的，普通的；平均的 n．平均水平；平均数 5．normal adj.正常的，平常的 6．collapse vi.突然倒下；倒塌 7．faith n．相信；信任 8．designer n．设计师，设计者 9．found vt.创立；创建 10．label n．标签，标记 vt.贴标签于 11．entrance n．进入许可；入口 12．income n．收入；收益 Ⅲ.拓展单词(每小题3分，共15分) 1．selfish adj.自私的，自私自利的→selfishness n．自私→selfless adj.无私的 2．retire vi.退休；退职→retired adj.退休的→retirement n．退休；退职 3．advanced adj.先进的；高级的；晚期的→advance n．& v．前进；进步；发展 4．reference n．推荐信；谈到，提及→refer v．谈到，提及 5．fashion n．时尚→fashionable adj.流行的 Ⅳ.拔高词汇(每小题1分，共5分) 1．dawn on sb开始明白(某个事实)，醒悟 2．pop up突然出现，冒出来 3．freak vi.突然发怒 4．inedible adj.不宜食用的 5．confiscate vt.把……充公，没收 Ⅴ.核心短语(每小题2分，共10分) 1．stay in待在家里 2．apply oneself to sth努力；专心致志于某事 3．set sb/sth apart使与众不同 4．retire from从……退休 5．give away泄露；失去；赠送 Ⅰ.词形变化填空(每小题2分，共14分) 1．Natural resources of our globe are limited so scientists are trying to find a clean and potentially limitless supply of energy.(limit) 2．She cooked up a convincing explanation，but the problem was that I was not convinced of her honesty.(convince) 3．I didn’t recognise her at first sight because she had changed beyond recognition.(recognise) 4．The length of your essay is not proper.I mean，you’d better lengthen it.(long) 5．Mr White got promoted yesterday and his colleagues held a party to celebrate the promotion.(promote) 6．Every month he contributes two hundred yuan to the charity and those around him think highly of his great contributions.(contribute) 7．The leader with great leadership has led the organization to be better and better.(lead) Ⅱ.选词填空(每小题3分，共15分) 1.Staying in and taking some medicine is what the doctor strongly recommends me to do at present. 2．He was set apart because he suffered an infectious disease，so we couldn’t pay a visit to him. 3．Grandfather retired from his job last year and now he is leading a comfortable life at home. 4．As far as I am concerned，all these issues boil down to one point—Who will be in charge of the organization? 5．He has been applying himself to his work in the past few months and I believe that he will make it. Ⅲ.经典句型仿写(每小题5分，共15分) 1．那些需要帮助的人想要的不是你的同情，而是你的帮助。(not...but...) What those people in need want to get is not your pity，but your help. 2．你本来能伸出援手的，但你只是袖手旁观。(could have done) You could have given a helping hand，but you just stood by. 3．正是这位老人诚实的品质让妻子深受触动，她的脸上写满了愧疚之情。(强调句型) It was the honesty of the old man that struck the wife a great deal，guilt written on her face. Tom，who is of average height，is a teacher who is optimistic，persistent，enthusiastic as well as committed to his job.When he was a student，he was ambitious and 1.dreamed/dreamt(dream) of becoming an astronaut.2.However/Nevertheless，as he grew up，he was ultimately determined to become a teacher and devote himself to 3.teaching(teach)，because he appreciated his teacher’s commitment to the teaching career. Now，he is a volunteer teacher in a small village，convincing more people 4.to have(have) faith in the power of 5.education(educate)．Tom has been striving to achieve his goal,6.which is influential.Because of his effective teaching style,7.it is normal for students in the village school to 8.be disciplined(discipline) and not to drop out of school.All the villagers are 9.appreciative(appreciate) of his devotion for their children’s enormous academic progress. With reference to him，we can boil down to the conclusion that Tom is an outstanding and motivating teacher，applying himself to training more useful young people for 10.our(we) country without considering his income.He has contributed to many students’ getting on in the future. 提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇 committed adj.尽心尽力的；坚定的[commit vt.犯(罪或错等)；承诺；保证；花费(钱或时间) vi.全心全意投入(工作、活动等) commitment n．投入；忠诚；奉献；承诺] •be committed to (doing) sth/commit oneself to (doing) sth致力于(做)某事 •make a commitment to (doing) sth保证/承诺(做)某事 (1)正如你在短视频中看到的，英语口语俱乐部的成员每天抽出一个小时读英语，这将逐渐提高他们的英语口语。同时，他们保证经常和他们的同学练习英语口语。 (2022·天津6月，书面表达) As you can see in the short video，the members of spoken English club commit one hour to reading English every day，which will improve their spoken English gradually.Meanwhile，they make a commitment to practising spoken English with their classmates regularly. (2)(读后续写之尴尬心理描写)我在如此多的人面前犯了一个愚蠢的错误，窘得满脸通红。 I committed a silly mistake in front of so many people，my face flushing with embarrassment. (3)(话题写作之人物介绍) Determined and persistent Lin Qiaozhi committed herself to taking care of women and newborns；she didn’t get married. →Committing herself to taking care of women and newborns，determined and persistent Lin Qiaozhi didn’t get married.(用现在分词短语作状语改写) →Committed to taking care of women and newborns，determined and persistent Lin Qiaozhi didn’t get married.(用过去分词短语作状语改写) devote vt.把……奉献给；专心致力于(devoted adj.全心全意的；忠诚的 devotion n．奉献；关爱) •devote...to (doing) sth把……用在/献给(做)某事上 devote oneself to献身于；致力于 •be devoted to (doing) sth献身于(做)某事；专心于(做)某事 (1)The millionaire is devoted to helping(help) those in need and has made a lot of sacrifices for them and his devotion(devote) has won countless praise. (2)(记叙文之写人)致力于种植杂交水稻，袁隆平全年都在稻田里工作。 ①Devoted to growing hybrid rice，Yuan Longping worked in the rice fields all the year round.(过去分词短语作状语) ②Devoting himself to growing hybrid rice，Yuan Longping worked in the rice fields all the year round.(现在分词短语作状语) convince vt.使确信；说服(convinced adj.确信的，坚信的 convincing adj.令人信服的) •convince sb of sth使某人相信某事 convince sb to do sth说服某人做某事 •be convinced of/that...相信…… (1)Our professor can always think of convincing(convince) examples to motivate us to move forwards and he is recognised as an outstanding teaching expert. (2)我的老师说服我参加写作比赛，同时，他让我相信我有能力创作一个有趣的参赛作品。最后，我笑了，一种自信在我的内心深处涌起。(2023·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写) My teacher convinced me to take part in the writing contest and at the same time，he convinced me of my ability to create an interesting entry.Finally，I cracked a smile，a sense of confidence welling up in my deep heart. (3)我们投入的时间和精力是其他同学的两倍，所以我深信老师们会高度评价我们的项目。 (2022·浙江1月，读后续写) We devoted twice as much time and energy as other students did，so I was greatly convinced that our project would be highly thought of by our teachers. limit vt.& n．限制，限定(limited adj.有限的 limitless adj.无限制的) •set a limit to限制…… within the limits of限定在……范围内 There is a/no limit to (doing)．..……是有限的/无限的。 •limit...to...把……限定在……范围内 (1)A man’s life is limited，but there is no limit to serving the people.I will devote my limited life to the limitless job of serving the people.(limit) (2)(读后续写之恐惧心理描写) 我弟弟被无穷无尽的恐惧淹没了，他用胳膊紧紧地抱着我，几乎要昏倒了。 My brother was drowned into limitless panic，he wrapped his arms around me tightly and nearly collapsed. (3)(应用文写作之通知)请记住，每人演讲的时间限制在15分钟以内。 Keep in mind that speeches are limited to 15 minutes each. ruin n．废墟；毁灭 vt.毁灭；使破产；糟蹋；毁坏 •in ruins破败不堪；严重受损 •ruin one’s hope/chance毁掉某人的希望/机会 ruin oneself自我毁灭 (1)(读后续写之片段描写)突如其来的地震毁了我们的城市，几乎毁了我们的希望。看到我们的城市变成废墟，我们双手掩面，放声大哭起来。 The unexpected earthquake ruined our city，which nearly ruined our hope.Seeing our city in ruins，we buried our faces in our hands，bursting into tears. (2)玩电脑游戏太久几乎毁了我自己，我已经下定决心要摆脱它。(2022·天津4月，书面表达) Playing computer games for too long has nearly ruined myself and I have made up my mind to get rid of it. 用法点拨　destroy，damage也可以表示毁坏，但程度较轻；do/cause damage to对……造成损害。 average adj.平均的；普通的n.平均数；平均水平 an average of平均有…… on average平均起来 above/below average在平均水平以上/以下 (1)谈及这次期末考试，有90个同学得了满分，每个班级平均有18人。汤姆的成绩在平均水平之上，而约翰的成绩在平均水平之下。 With reference to the end-of-term examination，there were 90 students getting full marks，an average of 18 students in each class.Tom’s mark was above average while John’s was below average. (2)(话题写作之文娱活动)所有学生每周有两节体育课，每天平均跑20分钟。 All students have two PE classes a week and run for 20 minutes every day on average. recognised adj.公认的；经过检验的(recognise vt.认出；认可；承认 recognition n．认出；认识) •recognise sb/one’s voice认出某人/听出某人的声音 be recognised as/to be...被认作……/被认为是…… It is recognised that...人们公认…… •beyond recognition认不出来 (1)Bill Gates，an outstanding entrepreneur(企业家)，is a well recognised(recognise) successful person in the world. (2)The village，which lay in ruins after the earthquake，was totally beyond recognition(recognise)． (3)最近在线学习被公认为是一种重要的学习方式。(2021·全国乙，书面表达) Online learning has been recognised as/to be an important way to study recently./It has been recognised that online learning is an important way to study recently. contribute v．捐献；促成(contribution n．捐献；贡献；投稿) •contribute sth to...把某物捐献给…… contribute to有助于；导致；投稿 •make a contribution/contributions to 对……做出贡献 (1)With determination and devotion，these generous businessmen have contributed lots of money to establishing(establish) new reserves for the endangered animals. (2)只有公众愿意为建设绿色北京做出贡献，我们才能实现我们的目标。 (2023·北京，书面表达) Only if the public willingly contribute to/make contributions/a contribution to building a green Beijing can we achieve our targets. (3)经常读英文报纸的确有助于提高我的英语水平。有时我给报纸投稿，这进一步增强了我的写作能力。(2021·新课标Ⅰ，应用文写作) Reading the English newspaper regularly does contribute to improving my English level.Sometimes I contribute my articles to the newspaper，which further strengthens my writing ability. make sense讲得通；有意义 make sense of懂得；了解……的意义 make no sense讲不通；没有意义 in a sense在某种意义上；在某种程度上 There’s no/little sense in doing sth. 做某事(几乎)没有意义。 (1)(读后续写之情感描写)我的物理老师说的话我听不懂，我非常焦虑，汗水顺着我的脸颊流下来。 What my physics teacher said couldn’t make sense to me/What my physics teacher said made no sense to me/I couldn’t make sense of what my physics teacher said and so anxious was I that sweat ran down my cheeks. (2)“对所发生的事情感到后悔是毫无意义的。让我们再试一次。”父亲说。(2021·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写) “There is no sense in regretting what has happened.Let’s try again，” said the father. (3)从某种意义上说，孔子的思想在现代社会仍发挥着重要作用，这就是孔子被公认为杰出的思想家的一个原因。(2023·全国甲，书面表达) In a sense，Confucius’ theory still plays an important role in modern society，which is one of the reasons why he is recognised as an outstanding thinker. set sb/sth apart使与众不同 fall apart分裂；崩溃 live apart 分开居住 tear sth apart 撕裂，拆开 tell apart 区分开 apart from除了……之外 用apart短语的适当形式填空 (1)(读后续写之羞愧心理描写) So guilty was he that he ultimately fell apart，tears of guilt clouding his eyes. (2)(读后续写之环境描写)The lightning，looking like a golden snake，tore the dark sky apart. (3)(求助信之结尾句)I would appreciate it if you could offer me some advice on how to tell the difficult physics concepts apart. (4)Apart from his devotion to his career，his enthusiastic and optimistic personalities can also set him apart from those around him. (5)The ambitious designer has to live apart from his family because he is striving to finish the project on time. not...but...　Success is not measured by how much money you have but by how you understand the true meaning of life.衡量成功与否不在于有多少金钱，而在于如何理解生命的真正意义。 not...but...连接两个平行成分，当连接两个主语时，谓语动词的数按就近原则确定。 有类似用法的还有：not only...but also...，either...or...，neither...nor... (1)Not Tom but his parents are enthusiastic about the online courses.Not only various learning materials beyond classes but also basic knowledge of each subject is provided in these courses.(be) (2)(记叙文之写人) 使他与众不同的不是他的外表，而是他的品质。 What sets him apart from others is not his appearance but his qualities. (3)他的儿子不用功学习英语，而是逃课，这使他非常生气。 His son is not applying himself to studying English but skipping classes，which makes him boil with anger. (4)(读后续写之助人型主旨句) 一个小小的善行，不管对接受者还是施予者，都是一份祝福。 One simple act of kindness is a blessing for not only the receiver but also the giver. 提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇 Ⅰ.一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍 1．average (1)On the whole，the average age of the boys in this class is fifteen. D (2)It’s said that the newspaper office receives an average of nearly 100 articles a day. B (3)There was nothing special about the presentation—it was only average. C (4)Economic growth is expected to average 2% next year. A 2．advanced (1)The disease is too far advanced to be treated. C (2)There are only three of us on the advanced course. B (3)The ancient Egyptians have advanced civilization. A 3．skip (1)Before one of these workouts，the men skipped breakfast，meaning that they exercised on a completely empty stomach after a long overnight fast(禁食)．(2020·江苏) B (2)You can skip the next chapter if you have covered the topic in class. C (3)The bombers skipped the country shortly after the explosion. D (4)She skipped happily along beside me when I told her the good news. A 4．快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的意思 (1)Tom didn’t iron his shirt yesterday.熨烫 (2)Different cultures have different ways of disciplining their children.管束 (3)Nothing seems to satisfy their hunger for truth.欲望 (4)Erin had gone beyond what almost anyone would have done，finding my house on a bitterly cold night，and for that I was extremely grateful.极其，非常 (5)Nearly 40 percent of jazz lovers live outside of the Dallas city limits and drive or fly in to enjoy an evening in the Bishop Arts District. (地区或地方的)境界，界限，范围 Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识 1．My nephew，who wants to become an astronaut，is committed(commit) to making his dream a reality. 2．If you devote yourself to the demanding job，you are sure to make it. 3．I have convinced him of the fact that associating with people will make you optimistic about life. 4．The constant rain caused serious flood，which，in turn，left many houses lying in ruins(ruin)． 5．Your essay is limited(limit) to 800 words and you are supposed to hand it in before the deadline of Oct.10. 6．Playing basketball used to take up 3 hours on average every day，but now he is too busy. 7.Chasing stimulation online is recognised to be(be) bad for your academic life. 8．The organization contributed a million yuan to the disaster area，which earned it a good reputation. 9．I didn’t make sense of his intention in his presentation given at the meeting. 10．It is a sense of humour that sets him apart from other competitors. 11．I am extremely happy to know(know) that we will have access to 5G technology in the near future. 12．Not the host but the guests were(be) to blame for the quarrel yesterday. 13.A couple of weeks ago he was not enthusiastic about his present position，but now he is active. 14．From the bottom of my heart I appreciated getting(get) your incredible suggestions on how to handle my emotional problem. 假定你是李华，你将参加校英文报举办的主题为“The Scientist I Admire Most”的演讲比赛，请写一篇演讲稿。 1．我最钦佩的科学家是钟南山，因为他在医学领域的贡献而被授予中华人民共和国勋章。(contribution；who引导的定语从句) ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 2．钟南山是一位非凡的医生，他一直致力于学术研究。(be committed to；非限制性定语从句) ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 3．人们公认他在与严重的传染病的斗争中发挥了至关重要的作用。(It is recognised that) ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 4．这些年来，除了他的无私和勇气，他的奉献和决心也赢得了人们的尊重。(apart from；devotion) ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 5．毫无疑问，他不仅致力于自己的事业，而且还经常锻炼身体。(not only...but also...引导的倒装句) ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 组句成篇 把以上句子用适当的过渡词语和过渡句组成一篇80词左右的短文。 ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 参考范文 The Scientist I Admire Most The scientist I admire most is Zhong Nanshan who was awarded the Medal of the People’s Republic of China for his contributions to the field of medicine. Zhong Nanshan is an extraordinary doctor，who has been committed to academic research.It is recognised that he played a crucial role in the fight against serious infectious diseases.Apart from his selflessness and courage，his devotion and determination have also won people’s respect these years.There is no doubt that not only is he devoted to his career but he also works out regularly to build up his body. To sum up，he is a remarkable figure in the medical world.We are greatly convinced that he will save more lives in the future. 教材语料整合 亮词 [动作描写]　reject；devote；drop out；convince；strive；ruin；skip；retire from；collapse；label；get on；limit；hire；stay in；set sb/sth apart [人物描写]　persistent；determined；optimistic；committed；enthusiastic；ambitious；appreciative；career；cooperation；comfortably；appreciate；hunger；motivating；defensive；injured；influential；selfish；outstanding；average；recognised；faith；discipline；guilty 美句 1.This worried me a lot and I felt very guilty being a rich man without doing anything.(情感描写) 2.But I think my sense of achievement comes from helping others and finding true meaning in life.(结尾升华句) 3.Success is not measured by how much money you have but by how you understand the true meaning of life.(结尾升华句) 拓展语料积累　情感细节描写：后悔、内疚与自责 单词 regret v．& n．懊悔，惋惜→regretful adj.后悔的，遗憾的 guilt n．内疚→guilty adj.内疚的→guiltily adv.内疚地 词块 to one’s great regret/much to one’s regret 令某人深感遗憾的是　with deep/great regret很遗憾　be full of guilt/be filled with guilt/be consumed with guilt/be overcome by guilt满心愧疚　a feeling of guilt内疚感　have guilt written all over one’s face 满脸内疚　with a guilty look on one’s face 脸上露出惭愧的表情　drown in feelings of guilt 沉浸在内疚感之中 句型 I stood there，with regretful tears in my eyes.(with复合结构) 我站在那里，眼里含着遗憾的泪水。 On hearing the bad news，she felt extremely guilty.(on doing...)听到这个坏消息，她感到非常内疚。 Desperate and helpless，Janet knelt down，tears of regret streaming down her cheeks.(形容词短语作状语；独立主格)绝望而无助，珍妮特跪了下来，后悔的泪水顺着面颊流了下来。 With guilt and regret flowing in my mind，I rose to my feet，rushed out and apologised to her.(with复合结构；动作链描写)我心里充满了内疚和悔恨，我站起来，冲出去向她道歉。 Drowning in feelings of guilt，he was at a loss，not knowing what to do next.(现在分词短语作状语)沉浸在内疚感中，他不知所措，不知道下一步该怎么办。 语料运用　主题：成功 ①Desperate and helpless(形容词短语作状语)，I collapsed in a heap on the ground，②tears of regret streaming down my cheeks(独立主格)．Having rejected my enthusiastic and optimistic monitor’s suggestions，I failed the end-of-term examination.③Drowning in feelings of guilt(现在分词短语作状语)，I was at a loss，not knowing what to do next.It was at that time that my monitor approached me，saying，“As long as ④you are committed/devoted to your goal，I am greatly convinced that you can make it sooner or later.” ⑤With a guilty look on my face(with复合结构)，I murmured，“I will be persistent and determined until I succeed.I am sincerely appreciative of your generous help.” 绝望而无助，我瘫倒在地，悔恨的泪水顺着脸颊流下来。由于拒绝了热情乐观的班长的建议，我在期末考试中失败了。沉浸在内疚感中，我不知所措，不知道下一步该怎么办。就在那个时候，我的班长走过来对我说：“只要你致力于自己的目标，我深信你迟早会成功的。”脸上带着愧疚的神情，我喃喃地说：“我会坚持不懈、坚定意志，直到成功。我真诚地感谢你的慷慨帮助。” 高考题型组合练(1) Ⅰ.阅读理解 A A Day out at the City Farm Come and join us for a day of fun！Get in touch with nature and learn about the importance of growing our own food.Bring back your own mini garden to start your urban farming journey! Date：28 May 2023 (Sunday)　Time：8 a．m.to 5 p．m.　Venue：City Farm GUIDED TOUR 9 a．m.or 3 p．m. Free registration (registration ends 5 minutes before tour starts) Our friendly guide will share interesting facts about some common local plants and their uses.You will have an opportunity to touch，smell and taste some of the vegetables and fruits.Our guide will also highlight some farming methods that are environmentally friendly. WORKSHOPS My Miniature Garden 10 a．m.and 1 p．m. Tickets(payment at site)： Children $15 per person Adult $25 per person Learn to make an easy herb or vegetable garden in a recycled box.Bring it home and be excited as you watch your plants come up.Cook a meal after harvesting them. How To Make A Seed Ball 11 a．m.and 2 p．m. Free entry(first come，first served) Each seed ball is made by wrapping seeds with compost(堆肥) and clay，which provide nutrients for seeds to grow and act as a carrier to spread the seeds.They also prevent the seeds from being eaten by birds and animals.Our seed balls are wrapped in craft paper and make great gifts for your family and friends. 1．What can a visitor enjoy during the guided tour? A．Trying out new farming methods. B．Tasting some vegetables and fruits. C．Visiting the farm without registration. D．Sharing knowledge of plants with the locals. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据GUIDED TOUR 9 a．m.or 3 p．m.部分下的第二段中“You will have an opportunity to touch，smell and taste some of the vegetables and fruits.”可知，在导游的带领下，游客可以品尝一些蔬菜和水果。故选B。 2．How much need a couple with one child pay for My Miniature Garden? A．$40. B．$55. C．$65. D．$80. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据My Miniature Garden部分下的“Tickets (payment at site)：Children $15 per person Adult $25 per person”可知，一对夫妻带着一个孩子去My Miniature Garden需要花费：25×2＋15＝65，故选C。 3．What is the main purpose of the event? A．To instruct visitors to prepare gifts. B．To advocate the protection of the farm plants. C．To publicize the sale of organic produce. D．To encourage people to grow their own food. 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据第一段“Come and join us for a day of fun！Get in touch with nature and learn about the importance of growing our own food.Bring back your own mini garden to start your urban farming journey！”和最后两段提到建造小型花园和种子球可推知，文章主要介绍了在城市农场游玩的一天，其目的是鼓励人们自己种植食物。故选D。 B(★) I truly believe we all have a very special purpose in life，regardless of who we are or where we come from.After ten years of working for a major Wall Street bank，I wanted to do something challenging.So when I read a Merrill Lynch advertisement looking to hire more stockbrokers(股票经纪人)，with great excitement，I made some phone calls and arranged to meet with one of its branch vice presidents.After this interview and interviews with twelve of his top stockbrokers，I eventually landed the job. The first few months was a struggle.I lived on very little commission(佣金)．Night after night，I left the office weary and exhausted，ready to give up，yet somehow returning the next morning to start a new day.Eventually，all the hard work paid off.In less than four years，I became one of the top sales people at my branch and increased personal sales by 1,700 percent.The success earned me a six-figure income，promotion and numerous sales awards. Toward the end of my fourth year at Merrill Lynch，it hit me that something was missing.I thought long and hard about my goals.Then I was reminded of the time when I spoke to hundreds of people，while in college as a student leader，and years later，when I won a “Humorous Speech” championship.It dawned on me that every time I had a speaking engagement，I always came out of the experience with a wonderful，energetic，peaceful and magical feeling that was unmatched by anything else I did.I knew the extraordinary public-speaking skills I was blessed with could enable me to make a lasting difference and transform other people’s lives. Then I took another daring risk，gave up everything and left the investment business for a more satisfying career as a motivational speaker.The beginning of my speaking journey was surprisingly similar to what I had first experienced at Merrill Lynch.However，nothing in the world comes close to the satisfying feeling I get when thousands of people tell me how much I have made a difference in their lives by motivating them to take risks and be the best they could be. 4．Why did the author meet with a Merrill Lynch branch vice president? A．To arrange an interview. B．To make an advertisement. C．To employ more clerks. D．To get a position. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中“So when I read a Merrill Lynch advertisement looking to hire more stockbrokers (股票经纪人)．..I eventually landed the job.”可知，作者与美林公司分行副总裁会面，是为了获得股票经纪人这个岗位。故选D。 5．Which of the following best describes the author according to paragraph 2? A．Tolerant and ambitious. B．Demanding and successful. C．Tough and competent. D．Optimistic and agreeable. 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据第二段可知，作者最初几个月过得很艰难，只能靠很少的佣金生活，但他没有放弃，经过不到四年的努力，作者成了分公司最优秀的销售人员之一。由此推知，作者意志坚韧，而且很有能力。故选C。 6．Why did the author leave Merrill Lynch? A．He hoped to relive college life. B．He wanted to influence others’ lives. C．He had an engagement. D．His investment was not satisfying. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“I knew the extraordinary public-speaking skills I was blessed with could enable me to make a lasting difference and transform other people’s lives.”和第四段第一句话“Then I took another daring risk，gave up everything and left the investment business for a more satisfying career as a motivational speaker.”可知，作者离开美林公司去做一名励志演说家，是希望用自己的演讲技巧改变别人的生活，影响别人。故选B。 7．Which is the most suitable title for the text? A．Speaking Makes a Satisfying Job B．Challenge Your Career Choice C．Hard Work Pays Off D．Dare to Take Risks 答案　D 解析　标题归纳题。阅读文章，尤其是第一段第二句和最后一段第一句可知，作者用自身经历告诉我们要敢于挑战，敢于冒险。由此可知，D项“敢于冒险”最能概括本文的主旨。故选D。 C(★) Nothing succeeds like success，as every parent of a straight-A student knows，but trying to stress academic excellence by telling your child，“You’re so smart！” may be counterproductive.Why？According to a 2017 study，children who think their intelligence is fixed are less likely to pay attention to and bounce back(重新振作) from mistakes than children who think intelligence can grow and change. In the study，researchers looked at 123 children.The team assessed the children to determine whether they had a “growth mindset”(believing that you can work harder to get smarter)，or a “fixed mindset”(believing that your intelligence is unable to change)．They then asked the children to complete a fast-paced computer accuracy task while their brain activity was recorded.During the recording，researchers noted that brain activity stopped within a half-second after making a mistake，as children became aware of their mistake and paid closer attention to what went wrong.The larger the brain response was，the more the child focused on the mistake.Based on the data，they concluded that children with a “growth mindset” were much more likely to have a larger brain response after making a mistake.While children with a “fixed mindset” were able to “bounce back”，only if they gave their full attention to the mistake. For parents，the lessons are clear.Don’t pay your children compliments that suggest that intelligence is fixed.If your child hands you an A＋ score，don’t say，“You’re so smart！” Instead，say，“Wow，that studying really paid off！” or “You clearly mastered this material—way to go！” Note the effort，not the intelligence. Besides，many parents shy away from addressing a child’s mistakes，telling them “It’s OK.You’ll get it next time.” without offering them the chances to figure out what goes wrong.Instead，it’s better to reassure your children that mistakes happen，and work to figure out where and how they make the mistake. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章通过实验结果说明在孩子的成长过程中，父母应该强调努力的重要性，而不是智力。 8．Which of the following best explains “counterproductive” underlined in paragraph 1? A．Opposite. B．Competitive. C．Successful. D．Unknown. 答案　A 解析　词义猜测题。根据第一段画线词后文“According to a 2017 study，children...can grow and change.”可知试图通过告诉孩子“你很聪明”来达到让孩子学业优秀的目的，可能会得到相反的结果，由此可推知counterproductive的含义是“相反的”。故选A。 9．How did the children with a “growth mindset” react in the study? A．They made fewer mistakes. B．They tried to avoid mistakes. C．They had smaller brain response. D．They focused more on the mistake. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中“The larger the brain response was，the more the child focused on the mistake.Based on the data，they concluded that children with a ‘growth mindset’ were much more likely to have a larger brain response after making a mistake.”可知，拥有“成长心态”的孩子在研究中更关注错误。故选D。 10．What should parents say when children make a mistake according to the text? A．You are so careless. B．Paying compliments to children. C．You’ll get it the next time. D．Let’s find out how you made it. 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Instead，it’s better to reassure your children that mistakes happen，and work to figure out where and how they make the mistake.”可知，当孩子犯了错误时，父母应该说“让我们看看你是怎么出错的。”故选D。 11．What should be avoided according to the study? A．Overstressing the intelligence. B．Pay compliment to children. C．Addressing children’s mistakes. D．Offering chances to find mistakes. 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。根据第一段中“According to a 2017 study，children who think their intelligence is fixed are less likely to pay attention to and bounce(重新振作) back from mistakes than children who think intelligence can grow and change.”可知，据2017年的一项研究，认为自己的智力是固定的孩子比认为智力可以增长和改变的孩子更不可能关注错误并从错误中恢复过来。由此推知，应该避免过度强调智力。故选A。 Ⅱ.七选五 (2023·全国乙) Indoor plants might look as if they just sit around not doing much，but in many ways they are the unsung heroes of the home.__1__，but studies have shown that they can promote people’s well-being by improving their mood(心情)，reducing stress and helping their memory.What’s more，indoor plants are easy to look after and are not very expensive. What are indoor plants? Indoor plants，also known as houseplants or pot plants，are plants that like to grow indoors.Many of these species(物种) are not ideally suited to growing outside in the UK，especially in the winter.__2__. Why are indoor plants good for you? Will Spoelstra，who works at the Royal Botanic Gardens，says，“__3__.I find during the winter months，plants around the house can really lift your mood.” Several studies have backed this up and found that indoor plants can improve creativity，focus and memory.There is also research showing that pot plants can clean the air around them by removing harmful gases，such as carbon dioxide.They also remove some harmful chemicals from paints or cooking.__4__. Which plants can you grow? Aloe vera，peace lilies and spider plants are some of the species that are easy to grow indoors.You can buy plants from supermarkets，garden centres or online.Younger plants are often cheaper than fully grown ones，and you get to care for them as they mature—which is part of the joy of owning plants.“__5__，” Spoelstra says.“It can bring a new interest and focus into people’s lives and help to make the link between home and nature.” A．All plants are different B．Not only do they look beautiful C．There are many benefits to growing plants indoors D．Instead，they grow better inside，where it is warmer E．Plants like peace lilies and devil’s ivy are among the best F．Changing the pot of your plant from time to time will also help G．Learning about the requirements of each plant can be very rewarding 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了什么是室内植物、室内植物带来的好处及你能种植哪些室内植物。 1．答案　B 解析　根据下文“but studies have shown that they can promote people’s well-being by improving their mood(心情)，reducing stress and helping their memory”可知，此处与下文是递进关系，构成not only...but (also)．..“不仅……而且……”结构。由此可知，B项(它们不仅看起来很漂亮)能够衔接下文，符合语境。故选B。 2．答案　D 解析　根据上文“Many of these species(物种) are not ideally suited to growing outside in the UK，especially in the winter.”可知，有些植物不适合在户外寒冷的环境中生长，即适合在温暖的地方生长。由此可知，D项(相反，它们在温暖的室内生长得更好)能够承接上文，符合语境。故选D。 3．答案　C 解析　根据下文“I find during the winter months，plants around the house can really lift your mood.”可知，室内植物对人有好处。由此可知，C项(在室内种植植物有很多好处)能够衔接下文，符合语境。故选C。 4．答案　E 解析　根据上文“There is also research showing that pot plants can clean the air around them by removing harmful gases，such as carbon dioxide.They also remove some harmful chemicals from paints or cooking.”可知，盆栽植物能够清除有害物质。由此可知，E项(像睡莲和绿萝之类的植物是最好的)能够承接上文，列举了在这方面做得最好的植物，符合语境。故选E。 5．答案　G 解析　根据下文“It can bring a new interest and focus into people’s lives and help to make the link between home and nature.”可知，空处应是提到了一种有好处的做法，G项(了解每种植物的需求是非常有益的)能够引起下文提到的好处，符合语境。故选G。 高考题型组合练(2) Ⅰ.阅读理解 A(★) Born in Russia and living in an orphanage(孤儿院) for the first 13 months of her life，Jessica Long had no idea what her future would hold.The little girl born with Fibular Hemimelia would not only go on to be a 13-time gold medal-winning Paralympic champion，but she would inspire others to chase their dreams. Long was born in Russia，where she lived in an orphanage until her parents adopted her in 1993.Soon after being adopted，she had to have her legs amputated(截肢) at only a year and a half.“It gave me a lot of freedom and movement，” Long said.“But growing up was definitely really hard.From a very early age，I just decided that I was going to be unstoppable and I wasn’t going to let my legs hold me back.” From that point forward，she didn’t let anyone tell her what she was or wasn’t capable of doing.She started doing gymnastics as a kid.Then，in 2002，Long found her sport for life：swimming! “I was the only girl with no legs on the swim team，” she said.“There were moments I struggled，but my teammates treated me like a friend.When I look back on my life and I think about anyone on that team，no one made fun of me for having no legs and they were so kind.” Long defied(顶住) all odds and surprised everyone when she qualified at age only 12 for the Paralympics in 2004 in Athens.After four Paralympics，Long has won 13 gold，six silver，and four bronze medals.She has dozens of World Championship medals and has broken numerous world records throughout her career so far.But she didn’t concentrate on winning awards or being famous.“I really just love swimming.It’s important for any athlete to remember just why you started，” she said. As one of the most decorated athletes in history，Long’s goal is to just keep competing as long as her body allows.“Dream big，” she said.“There are so many possibilities out there，so find your passion，be consistent and work hard.You define your own success.” 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了残疾运动员杰西卡·隆恩，克服身体限制，努力奋斗，成为13枚残奥会金牌得主的故事。 1．How old was Long when she found her life sport? A．11. B．10. C．12. D．13. 答案　B 解析　综合信息细节题。根据第一段中“Born in Russia and living in an orphanage(孤儿院) for the first 13 months of her life...”和第二段中“Long was born in Russia，where she lived in an orphanage until her parents adopted her in 1993.”以及第三段中的“she qualified at age only 12 for the Paralympics in 2004 in Athens”可知，杰西卡是在1992年出生的，再根据第二段中“Then，in 2002，Long found her sport for life：swimming！”可知，她是在10岁时发现游泳这项终身运动的。故选B。 2．What made Jessica determine to devote herself to swimming? A．Her experience of winning 13 gold medals. B．Her parents’ support and teachers’ help. C．Her teammates’ understanding and kindness. D．Her focus on winning awards and fame. 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据第三段中“There were moments I struggled，but my teammates treated me like a friend...I think about anyone on that team，no one made fun of me for having no legs and they were so kind.”可推知，杰西卡也曾挣扎过，但是队友的理解和善良让她坚持下去了。故选C。 3．What is the text mainly about? A．A poor orphan and her close friends. B．A happy girl and her confusing childhood. C．An amazing illness and its terrible influence. D．An inspiring story about an unlucky person. 答案　D 解析　主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第一段“...The little girl born with Fibular Hemimelia would not only go on to be a 13-time gold medal-winning Paralympic champion，but she would inspire others to chase their dreams.”和最后一段可知，本文主要是通过讲述残疾运动员杰西卡的故事，来激励他人，也就是一个关于不幸的人的鼓舞人心的故事。故选D。 4．Which of the following may Long most agree with? A．If you can dream it，you can make it. B．If you want to succeed，learn to swim. C．A man never reaches success until disabled. D．A sportsman’s goal is winning gold medals. 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段中“‘Dream big，’ she said.‘There are so many possibilities out there，so find your passion，be consistent and work hard.You define your own success.’”可知，杰西卡认为只要有梦想，就要坚持下去，你就能实现梦想。故选A。 B As winter arrives，the problem of fogged-up car windscreens becomes more pressing for drivers.Anti-misting sprays(喷雾剂) are one way to deal with such fogging.But they need frequent reapplication.Another approach is to fix within the thing to be demisted a set of electrically powered heating wires.But because of the visual distraction(分心) created，that doesn’t work for a car’s front windscreen. Iran Hachler and Dimos Poulikakos of the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich have，however，come up with another way of warming something up to stop fog forming.Their new material is a coating ten nanometres(纳米) thick.It is flexible，easily made using existing processes，and can be applied as a coating to glass or plastic，or inset inside such materials.Its demisting properties are powered by sunlight. In effect，it is a gold sandwich.The “bread” of this sandwich is a pair of layers(层)，top and bottom，of a chemical material，each three nanometres thick.The filling is a four-nanometre deep golden material.The whole structure lets visible light pass unlimited，while absorbing invisible lights and transforming them into heat.It is the filling that warms the glass.Gold acts as a medium in the heating process.The network will now absorb heat if left in the sunshine.The top and bottom layers boost that absorption. Glass coated with Mr Hachler’s and Dr Poulikakos’s invention is，they claim，four times more effective at preventing fog than an uncounted surface.It absorbs around 30% of solar radiation incident upon it which，on a sunny day，increases the temperature of what it is applied to by around 8℃.On a cloudy day，that temperature rise is closer to 3－4℃.But in either case the enhancement is sufficient both to remove any fog that has formed and to prevent new fog forming. The next step，Mr Hachler says，is to find the product’s best market.Even though gold is used，the cost of adding this extra one is low.For the two inventors，though，the idea might prove a gold mine. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。随着冬天的到来，汽车挡风玻璃被雾遮住的问题对司机来说变得更加紧迫。文章介绍了一种新的解决方法。 5．What is the disadvantage of anti-misting sprays? A．They have no lasting effect. B．They damage the windscreens. C．They turn the drivers’ attention away. D．They are constantly powered by electricity. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中“Anti-misting sprays(喷雾剂) are one way to deal with such fogging.But they need frequent reapplication.”可知，防雾喷雾剂的缺点是它们没有持久的效果。故选A。 6．What is the function of the center layer? A．To save up heat. B．To protect the gold. C．To produce electricity. D．To heat the windscreens. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中“The whole structure lets visible light pass unlimited，while absorbing invisible lights and transforming them into heat.It is the filling that warms the glass.Gold acts as a medium in the heating process.”可知，中间层的作用是加热挡风玻璃。故选D。 7．What can be inferred about the invention from paragraph 4? A．It is useless on cloudy days. B．It is unable to work at night. C．Coated glass absorbs the visible lights. D．Uncoated glass lowers the temperature by 8℃. 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据第四段中“It absorbs around 30% of solar radiation incident upon it which，on a sunny day，increases the temperature of what it is applied to by around 8℃.On a cloudy day，that temperature rise...But in either case the enhancement is sufficient both to remove any fog that has formed and to prevent new fog forming.”可推知，该发明不能在晚上工作。故选B。 8．What does the author think of the new invention? A．It is very costly. B．It hits the market well. C．It is highly profitable. D．It needs further improvement. 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段“The next step，Mr Hachler says，is to find the product’s best market.Even though gold is used，the cost of adding this extra one is low.For the two inventors，though，the idea might prove a gold mine.”可知，作者认为这项新发明是高利润的。故选C。 Ⅱ.完形填空(★) One spring evening，I was incredibly worn after a long day of school.I wished for __1__ but I had to drag my heavy feet to the violin studio. I was playing Moldau to Kate，my teacher.I simply couldn’t play with __2__，though.While I followed all the __3__ on the sheet music，I still __4__ to make music describing spring with full-blown flowers sound like flowers dying bitter deaths.Kate __5__ attentively and then frowned(皱眉)，asking me what the piece’s mood was.I stared at her，__6__. Pulling out paper and a pencil，she asked，“Can you __7__ an image of what you think a typical day in the forest during spring would look like？” Hesitantly，I started to let my __8__ fly.Soon a scenic forest full of life was __9__ in my mind. Minutes later，I completed my drawing.“Now，play the piece again with this __10__ imagery in your mind，” Kate said.I closed my eyes and began to play，just as its theme was introduced，with __11__ expression I had never done before. As I __12__ the piece，there followed a short silence before Kate said，“That’s the best playing I’ve ever heard from you.” Her eyes were shining.“Who knew painting out the scenery would help you better __13__ the music？Sometimes all we need is to use our creativity and try different methods when facing difficulties.” The __14__ violin lesson taught me more than just music.I also learned a valuable __15__ skill，which I applied to my daily life. 语篇解读　这是一篇记叙文。作者在很疲惫的状态下弹奏的曲子很不理想，凯特老师让他画出春天森林里的美景，并用这种感情去弹奏，结果却弹奏出了从来没有过的高水平。 1．A.care B．relaxation C．freedom D．motivation 答案　B 解析　care关心；relaxation放松；freedom自由；motivation动机。根据上文“I was incredibly worn after a long day of school”可知，作者经过一整天的学习，感到很疲惫，所以渴望放松休息，故选B项。 2．A.courage B．concern C．wisdom D．emotion 答案　D 解析　courage勇气；concern关心；wisdom智慧；emotion情感。根据上文“I wished for ________ but I had to drag my heavy feet to the violin studio.”可知，虽然作者很疲惫，但是不得不坚持上小提琴课，可推理出作者在演奏时没有投入感情，故选D项。 3．A.numbers B．standards C．notes D．lines 答案　C 解析　number数字；standard标准；note音符；line队伍。根据下文“on the sheet music”可知，乐谱上的内容是音符，故选C项。 4．A.failed B．desired C．managed D．offered 答案　C 解析　fail失败；desire渴望；manage勉力完成，设法(做某事)；offer提供。根据下文“make music describing spring with full-blown flowers sound like flowers dying bitter deaths”可知，作者仍然能把描述春天的音乐演奏得听起来像是花朵要在苦涩中凋残，故选C项。 5．A.watched B．listened C．performed D．prayed 答案　B 解析　 watch观看；listen听；perform演奏；pray祈祷。根据下文“asking me what the piece’s mood was”可知，凯特老师问作者这首曲子的意境是什么，可推理出凯特老师听了作者的演奏，故选B项。 6．A.blankly B．angrily C．enviously D．gratefully 答案　A 解析　blankly茫然地；angrily生气地；enviously满怀嫉妒地；gratefully感激地。根据上文“Kate ________ attentively and then frowned(皱眉)，asking me what the piece’s mood was.”可知，作者一脸茫然地盯着她，故选A项。 7．A.shoot B．evaluate C．sculpt D．draw 答案　D 解析　shoot射击；evaluate评估；sculpt雕刻；draw画。根据下文“an image of what you think a typical day in the forest during spring would look like”可知，下文说的是一幅画，可推理出上文老师拿出纸和笔是让作者画一幅画，故选D项。 8．A.personality B．imagination C．ambition D．curiosity 答案　B 解析　personality性格；imagination想象力；ambition雄心壮志；curiosity好奇心。根据下文“Soon a scenic forest full of life was ________ in my mind.”可知，作者脑海里浮现出了一片充满生机的风景如画的森林，可知空白处应填表示“想象力”含义的名词，故选B项。 9．A.pictured B．replaced C．identified D．explored 答案　A 解析　picture想象；replace代替；identify识别；explore探索。根据上文“a scenic forest full of life”可知，作者在放飞自己的想象力之后，想象出了一片充满生机的风景，空白处应填表示“想象”含义的动词，故选A项。 10．A.messy B．amusing C．vivid D．strange 答案　C 解析　messy凌乱的；amusing有趣的；vivid生动的；strange奇怪的。根据上文“Soon a scenic forest full of life was ________ in my mind.”可知，充满生机的风景如画的森林是作者想象出来的，很生动，故选C项。 11．A.common B．brief C．childish D．exceptional 答案　D 解析　common常见的；brief短暂的；childish孩子气的；exceptional超常的。根据下文“I had never done before”可知，现在作者投入的感情是以前从来都没有过的，是超常的，故选D项。 12．A.wrapped up B．noted down C．reflected on D．set about 答案　A 解析　wrap up圆满完成；note down记下；reflect on反思；set about开始做。根据下文“That’s the best playing I’ve ever heard from you.”可知，这是凯特老师对作者的演奏的评价，可推理出曲子演奏结束，故选A项。 13．A.preserve B．spread C．interpret D．compose 答案　C 解析　preserve保护；spread展开；interpret解读，领会；compose创作。根据上文“painting out the scenery”可知，作者把风景画出来，并带着这种心情弹奏出了之前从来都没有过的最好的曲子，可推理出绘画帮助作者更好地领会了音乐，故选C项。 14．A.inspiring B．confusing C．shameful D．adventurous 答案　A 解析　inspiring鼓舞人心的；confusing令人困惑的；shameful可耻的；adventurous勇于冒险的。根据上文“That’s the best playing I’ve ever heard from you.”可知，老师给了作者很高的评价，使作者深受鼓舞，故选A项。 15．A.information-sorting B．problem-solving C．critical-thinking D．decision-making 答案　B 解析　information-sorting信息分类的；problem-solving问题解决的；critical-thinking批判性思维的；decision-making决策的。根据上文可知，作者明白了我们在面临困难时需要尝试不同的方法，可推理出作者学会的是解决问题的能力，故选B项。 Ⅲ.语法填空(★) About one year ago,24-year-old Alex Wong found himself struggling with his mental health.With 1.____________(anxious)，he couldn’t fall asleep，especially at night. “I would hole up in my room during the day and stay awake all night because I didn’t want to interact 2.____________ others and let them see me at my worst，” says Wong. It was during this time that Wong 3.____________(feel) that he needed to find purpose and meaning in his life，so he signed up to volunteer with ImpactHK，a charity that 4.____________(primary) helps homeless people. Wong took part in the group’s “kindness walks”，5.____________(walk) through Tsim Sha Tsui to hand out food and other essential 6.____________(item) to homeless people.Today，he volunteers 7.____________(lead) these walks once or twice a week. “Doing this work makes me feel grateful for everything I have.My homeless friends may be down on 8.____________(they) luck and have nothing，yet they’re content，and they’ve helped me understand that I can be happy too，even when things aren’t going my way.I’ve also developed strong bonds with my fellow volunteers，many of 9.____________ I’ve become close friends with.” Wong says that he’s in 10.____________ better emotional space these days.“Helping my homeless friends has given my days new meaning and purpose and made me realize how good life can be.” 语篇解读　这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了与心理健康作斗争的24岁的亚历克斯·王报名成为ImpactHK的志愿者，至此之后他帮助无家可归者，让自己的生活有了新的意义和目标，并意识到生活可以很美好。 1．答案　anxiety 解析　考查名词。句中With后面需要填写名词作宾语，形容词anxious的名词形式是anxiety，为不可数名词。故填anxiety。 2．答案　with 解析　考查介词。此处表示“与别人互动”，要使用“interact with”。故填with。 3．答案　felt 解析　考查动词时态。句中是强调句结构“it was ＋被强调部分＋that...”，被强调部分是句子状语“during this time”，主语是Wong，填空部分是谓语动词，主句时态是过去时，因此feel需要使用一般过去时态。故填felt。 4．答案　primarily 解析　考查副词。填空词修饰动词“helps”需要使用副词。故填primarily。 5．答案　walking 解析　考查非谓语动词。句中主谓宾结构完整，故逗号后面动词使用非谓语结构，逻辑主语Wong与walk之间是主动关系，需要使用现在分词形式。故填walking。 6．答案　items 解析　考查名词复数。空前有修饰语“other essential”，且此处item“物品”为可数名词，故空处需用可数名词的复数形式。故填items。 7．答案　to lead 解析　考查非谓语动词。volunteer to do sth表示“自愿做某事”，空处需要使用不定式。故填to lead。 8．答案　their 解析　考查代词。空后有名词“luck”，故前面需要使用形容词性物主代词。down on one’s luck倒霉的，运气不好的。故填their。 9．答案　whom 解析　考查定语从句。句中“I’ve also developed strong bonds with my fellow volunteers”是主句部分，逗号后面是“代词＋介词＋关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词“volunteers”指人，在后面从句中作介词of的宾语。故填whom。 10．答案　a 解析　考查冠词。句中that引导宾语从句，介词in后面接名词性短语“better emotional space”，此处表泛指，空处应用不定冠词，且better的首字母发音为辅音音素，故填a。in a better emotional space情绪好多了。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $