选择性必修第四册 UNIT 10 CONNECTIONS（教师用书word）-【步步高】2025年高考英语大一轮复习讲义（北师大版）

Ⅰ.阅读单词——会意 1．clinic n．诊所，(医院)门诊部 2．gallery n．美术馆，画廊 3．grocery n．食品杂货；超级市场 4．bakery n．面包烘房，糕饼店 5．cafeteria n．(工厂、学校等的)自助餐厅，食堂 6．canteen n．(工厂、学校等的)食堂，餐厅 7．suburb n．郊区，近郊，城郊 8．forum n．(互联网上的)论坛，讨论区；讨论会，电视专题讨论节目 9．intervention n．干涉，干预 10．friction n．不和，冲突，摩擦 11．network n．人际关系网，联络网；网络，网状系统 12．sociologist n．社会学家 13．bimonthly adj.两月一次的；一月两次的 14．closely-knit adj.紧密联结在一起的 15．outskirts n．市郊，郊区，远离城市中心的地区 16．gable n．山墙，三角墙 17．tear-stained adj.有泪痕的 18．orphan n．孤儿 19．faucet n．水龙头 20．pillow n．枕头 21．resolutely adv.坚决地，坚定地 22．emperor n．皇帝 23．republic n．共和国 24．loan n．贷款 25．document n．公文，文件 Ⅱ.重点单词——记形 1．stadium n．体育场，运动场 2．conflict n．抵触，冲突，矛盾 3．theory n．学说，理论 4．chain n．一连串，一系列；链子，链条 5．impression n．印象，感想 6．random adj.随机的，随意的 7．parcel n．包裹；邮包 8．release vt.& n．发表，发布；释放 9．phrase n．成语，习语；警句 10．household n．一家人，同住一栋房子的人 11．bond n．纽带，联系 12．stiff adj.挺的，硬的，不易弯曲的 13．freeze vi.& vt.呆住；突然停止；(使)结冰，(使)冻结 14．clasp vt.握紧，抱紧 n．紧握，紧抱 15．proceed vi.继续进行，继续做 16．reveal vt.揭示，揭露；展现，显露 17．sigh n．& vi.叹息，叹气 18．despair n．绝望 19．dare n．& vi.胆敢，敢于 20．bare adj.空的，无装饰的；赤裸的，裸露的 21．shiver n．& vi.颤抖，哆嗦，发抖 22．bone n．骨头；骨质物 23．sob n．& vi.& vt.抽噎，啜泣；哭诉 24．dive vi.扑向，急冲进；跳水，潜水 25．frown vi.皱眉 26．forgiveness n．原谅，宽恕 27．debt n．债务，欠款 Ⅲ.拓展单词——悉变 1．disagreement n．意见不合，分歧，争论→agreement n．同意；(意见)一致；协定→agree v．同意→disagree v．不同意 2．envy n．羡慕，忌妒vt.羡慕，妒忌→envious adj.羡慕的；妒忌的 3．encouragement n．鼓励，鼓舞；起激励作用的事物→encourage vt.鼓励，鼓舞→encouraging adj.鼓舞人心的 4．disturb vt.干扰，打扰，使中断→disturbance n．干扰；扰乱→disturbing adj.令人不安的 5．apologis(z)e vi.道歉，谢罪→apology n．道歉；歉意 6．additionally adv.除此之外，此外→additional adj.另外的；附加的→addition n．添加；增加；加法；[C]增加物→add v．增加；添加；补充说 7.frequently adv.经常地，频繁地→frequent adj.经常的，频繁的→frequency n．频繁；发生率；频率 8．consequence n．后果→consequent adj.随之发生的；作为结果的→consequently adv.因此；所以 9．adopt vi.& vt.收养，领养；采取某种方法、政策、态度等→adoption n．收养；采纳→adopted adj.收养的，领养的 10．amazement n．吃惊，惊奇→amazing adj.令人惊奇的→amazed adj.惊讶的→amaze vt.使大为吃惊；使感到惊愕 11．investigate vi.& vt.查明，调查，侦查→investigation n．调查 12．appeal vi.有吸引力 vi.& vt.呼吁，恳请；上诉→appealing adj.有吸引力的；恳求的 13．sorrow n．悲伤，悲痛；不幸→sorrowful adj.悲痛的；悲哀的 14.interrupt vi.& vt.打断(某人的)讲话，中断(某人的)行动，打扰→interruption n．打扰；扰乱 15．legal adj.法律的；法律允许的，合法的→illegal adj.不合法的 1．feasibility/ˌfiːzə'bIləti/n.可行性 2．chip/tʃIp/n.芯片 3．implant/'Implɑːnt/n.植入物 4．nanotechnology/ˌnænəʊtek'nɒlədʒi/n.纳米技术 5．molecular/mə'lekjələ/adj.分子的 6．simulation/ˌsImjə'leIʃən/n.模拟，仿真 7．fishy/'fIʃi/adj.可疑的，靠不住的 8．surgical/'sɜːdʒIkəl/adj.外科的；外科手术用的 9．instantaneously/ˌInstən'teIniəsli/adv.即刻地，即时地 10．medication/ˌmedI'keIʃən/n.药物，药剂 11．antibiotic/ˌæntIbaI'ɒtIk/n.抗生素，抗菌素 12．toll/təʊl/n.死亡人数；伤亡人数 Ⅳ.背核心短语 1．hang out闲待，厮混 2．burst into突然……起来(尤指唱歌、哭、笑等) 3．be close to与……亲近；接近；差点儿 4．refer to指的是；提到；查阅 5．be connected to与……有联系 6．be due to do sth预期要做某事 7．intend to do sth打算做某事 8．in amazement惊讶地 9．send off给某人送行，打发某人走；寄送某物 10．come along跟着来；快点 11．in the depths of despair在极度绝望中 12．decide on决定，选定 13．put out熄灭；扑灭 14．set...on fire把……烧着 15．cry oneself to sleep一直哭到睡着了 Ⅴ.悟经典句式 1．...once released，the results were published in the bimonthly magazine Psychology Today.(once＋过去分词作状语) ……结果一经公布，便发表在双月刊《今日心理学》上。 2．It was this research that inspired the phrase “Six Degrees of Separation”．(强调句型) 正是这项研究启发了“六度分隔”这一说法。 3．I might have expected it.I might have known it was all too beautiful to last.I might have known nobody really did want me.(情态动词＋have done) 我早就应该料到。我早就应该知道这件事太美好，无法持久。我早就应该想到没人真的想要我。 4．“Well，well，there’s no need to cry so about it.”(there is no need to do...没有必要做……) “好啦，好啦，没必要为这事儿哭成这样。” 5．You would cry，too，if you were an orphan and had come to a place you thought was going to be home and found that they didn’t want you because you weren’t a boy.(if 引导的虚拟条件句) 如果你是个孤儿，来到一个满以为会成为自己家的地方，却发现他们并不想要你，因为你不是个男孩，你也会哭的。 6．To bed went Matthew.And to bed，when she had put her dishes away，went Marilla，frowning most resolutely.(介词短语位于句首引起完全倒装) 马修上床睡觉了。玛丽拉收拾完盘子，紧紧地皱着眉头，也回到房间休息了。 默写练习(一) Ⅰ.阅读单词(每小题1分，共8分) 1．clinic n．诊所，(医院)门诊部 2．gallery n．美术馆，画廊 3．grocery n．食品杂货；超级市场 4．canteen n．(工厂、学校等的)食堂，餐厅 5．suburb n．郊区，近郊，城郊 6．intervention n．干涉，干预 7．friction n．不和，冲突，摩擦 8．network n．人际关系网，联络网；网络，网状系统 Ⅱ.重点单词(每小题2分，共20分) 1．stadium n．体育场，运动场 2．conflict n．抵触，冲突，矛盾 3．theory n．学说，理论 4．chain n．一连串，一系列；链子，链条 5．impression n．印象，感想 6．random adj.随机的，随意的 7．release vt.& n．发表，发布；释放 8．phrase n．成语，习语；警句 9．household n．一家人，同住一栋房子的人 10．bond n．纽带，联系 Ⅲ.拓展单词(每小题3分，共15分) 1．envy n．羡慕，忌妒vt.羡慕，妒忌→envious adj.羡慕的；妒忌的 2．encouragement n．鼓励，鼓舞；起激励作用的事物→encourage vt.鼓励，鼓舞→encouraging adj.鼓舞人心的 3．disturb vt.干扰，打扰，使中断→disturbance n．干扰；扰乱→disturbing adj.令人不安的 4．additionally adv.除此之外，此外→additional adj.另外的；附加的→addition n．添加；增加；加法；[C]增加物→add v．增加；添加；补充说 5．frequently adv.经常地，频繁地→frequent adj.经常的，频繁的→frequency n．频繁；发生率；频率 Ⅳ.拔高词汇(每小题1分，共5分) 1．nanotechnology n．纳米技术 2．simulation n．模拟，仿真 3．surgical adj.外科的；外科手术用的 4．instantaneously adv.即刻地，即时地 5．toll n．死亡人数；伤亡人数 Ⅴ.核心短语(每小题2分，共10分) 1．hang out闲待，厮混 2．burst into突然……起来(尤指唱歌、哭、笑等) 3．be close to 与……亲近；接近；差点儿 4．refer to指的是；提到；查阅 5．be due to do sth预期要做某事 Ⅰ.词形变化填空(每小题2分，共12分) 1．They were in disagreement with us at first，but after many talks with each other，we signed an agreement.(agreement) 2．Thanks to your encouragement，I made continuous and encouraging progress in maths，and finally decided to study it in the university.(encourage) 3．This disturbing news really disturbed me so that I didn’t sleep well.(disturb) 4．My friend broke my glasses by accident.Later，he apologised to me for it and I forgave him for his sincere apology.(apology) 5．Devoted to teaching，consequently，he earned his students’ trust，which led to other positive consequences.(consequence) 6．He went to the hospital to see her frequently，twice a day in fact.The high frequency finally made her fall in love with him.(frequent) Ⅱ.选词填空(每小题3分，共15分) 1．Resting her head on my shoulder，my daughter burst into tears，releasing all her emotions. 2．We aren’t allowed to refer to our notes when delivering our speeches. 3．My father frequently hangs out in the park at summer nights to relax himself. 4．I was close to being knocked down the other day when a car dashed to me. 5．It is widely acknowledged that every new thought or idea has to be connected to what we already know. Ⅲ.经典句型仿写(每小题5分，共15分) 1．一旦开始，这个计划就不应该被放弃。(once＋过去分词作状语) Once started，the plan shouldn’t be given up. 2．追求你的梦想时，真正重要的是你的坚持。(强调句型) It is your persistence that really matters when you chase your dream. 3．你本能够坚持你的计划，实现你的目标的。(情态动词＋have done) You could have stuck to your plan and achieved your goal. 默写练习(二) Ⅰ.阅读单词(每小题1分，共7分) 1．orphan n．孤儿 2．pillow n．枕头 3．resolutely adv.坚决地，坚定地 4．emperor n．皇帝 5．republic n．共和国 6．loan n．贷款 7．document n．公文，文件 Ⅱ.重点单词(每小题2分，共18分) 1．freeze vi.& vt.呆住；突然停止；(使)结冰，(使)冻结 2．clasp vt.握紧，抱紧 n．紧握，紧抱 3．proceed vi.继续进行，继续做 4．reveal vt.揭示，揭露；展现，显露 5．sigh n．& vi.叹息，叹气 6．despair n．绝望 7．shiver n．& vi.颤抖，哆嗦，发抖 8．sob n．& vi.& vt.抽噎，啜泣；哭诉 9．frown vi.皱眉 Ⅲ.拓展单词(每小题2.5分，共15分) 1．amazement n．吃惊，惊奇→amazing adj.令人惊奇的→amazed adj.惊讶的→amaze vt.使大为吃惊；使感到惊愕 2．investigate vi.& vt.查明，调查，侦查→investigation n．调查 3．sorrow n．悲伤，悲痛；不幸→sorrowful adj.悲痛的；悲哀的 4．interrupt vi.& vt.打断(某人的)讲话，中断(某人的)行动，打扰→interruption n．打扰；扰乱 5．legal adj.法律的；法律允许的，合法的→illegal adj.不合法的 6．adopt vi.& vt.收养，领养；采取某种方法、政策、态度等→adoption n．收养；采纳→adopted adj.收养的，领养的 Ⅳ.拔高词汇(每小题1分，共5分) 1．feasibility n．可行性 2．chip n．芯片 3．molecular adj.分子的 4．fishy adj.可疑的，靠不住的 5．antibiotic n．抗生素，抗菌素 Ⅴ.核心短语(每小题2分，共10分) 1．come along 跟着来；快点 2．send off给某人送行，打发某人走；寄送某物 3．in the depths of despair在极度绝望中 4．decide on决定，选定 5．cry oneself to sleep一直哭到睡着了 Ⅰ.词形变化填空(每小题3分，共15分) 1．My adopted daughter has adopted others’ good proposals，which enables her to make gradual progress.(adopt) 2．Much to my amazement，he was able to recite the whole point from amazing memory.(amaze) 3．To get more evidence，the lawyer investigated many witnesses.After investigation，he got some useful proof.(investigate) 4．As a matter of fact，the appealing book appealed to me instantly I read it.(appeal) 5．He was interrupted several times by cellphones during the speech，and he was obviously annoyed at the frequent interruptions.(interrupt) Ⅱ.选词填空(每小题3分，共15分) 1．Recently I have decided on some appropriate measures to handle the present dilemma. 2．She was rushing around madly and finally succeeded in putting out the accidental kitchen fire. 3．When other people asked me why the things were set on fire，I was at a loss. 4．Come along，otherwise we would miss the train that is bound for Shanghai. 5．I sent off my university application at the last minute and nearly missed the precious chance. Ⅲ.经典句型仿写(每小题5分，共15分) 1．现在没有必要开得这么快了。(there is no need to do...) There is no need to drive so fast now. 2．如果你一大早就出发了，你现在就不会这么匆忙了。(if 引导的虚拟条件句) If you had started early in the morning，you wouldn’t be in such haste now. 3．小心！你的车前面来了一辆摩托车。(介词短语位于句首引起的完全倒装) Be careful！In front of your car comes a motorbike. The students were asked to talk about what left the deepest 1.impression(impress) on them. What impressed Ben most was that his family moved frequently.There was a time when the household had to move bimonthly.He once lived in a neighbourhood 2.where there were a clinic，a gallery，a grocery，a stadium or a bakery.The reason why Ben’s family moved frequently was 3.that Ben would hang out with other guys every night，which disturbed his neighbors and caused a chain of trouble.His parents had to apologise to others and ask for forgiveness.Frictions often appeared. Jay was an orphan.He remembered 4.living(live) in a small house with bare walls.It was freezing cold in winter.5.With no hot water，he hated the faucet，which sent him shivers through the bones in winter.His hands were often stiff because of the extreme cold. Jenny remembered her mother bursting into tears one night.She sighed with a tear-stained face，complaining about loans and debts all the time.Jenny 6.sobbed(sob)，pressed her face down into the pillow and clasped the bedclothes，feeling in the 7.depths(deep) of despair. Thomas remembered conflicting with his parents about his future career.His parents appealed to him 8.to study(study) law，but he was tired of dealing with legal documents.This disagreement existed for a long time.As 9.a consequence，Thomas left home with a small parcel and 10.has worked(work) with a sociologist ever since. 提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇 conflict n．冲突，矛盾，斗争；争执；抵触 vi.冲突；抵触，相左 •come into conflict with和……冲突(动作) (be) in conflict(with)(和……)冲突(状态) •conflict with与……冲突 (1)She frequently found herself in conflict with her parents over her future career. (2)由于在孩子的教育问题上存在一些分歧，这对夫妇经常发生冲突。 The couple frequently conflict with/come into conflict with each other because of some disagreements on their children’s education. (3)(话题写作之校园时尚)另一方面，时尚是我们生活的重要组成部分，它与我们的学习并不冲突。 For another，fashion is an essential part of our life，which doesn’t conflict with/isn’t in conflict with our studies. envy v．羡慕，妒忌n.羡慕，忌妒(envious adj.羡慕的，忌妒的) •be green with envy羡慕不已，非常忌妒 be the envy of sb/sth成为……羡慕(或忌妒)的对象 •be envious of羡慕/忌妒…… (1)Knowing that you have got first prize in the speech competition，we are all envious(envy) of you. (2)被一对善良而富有的夫妇收养后，他成了所有其他孤儿羡慕的对象。 Having been adopted by a kind and wealthy couple，he becomes/became the envy of all other orphans. (3)海伦和她青梅竹马的恋人订婚了，这让她的所有朋友都羡慕不已。 Helen was engaged to her childhood sweetheart，which made all her friends green with envy/envious of her. apologis(z)e vi.道歉；谢罪；辩白{apology n．[C]&[U]道歉；歉意} •apologise to sb for (doing) sth为(做)某事而向某人道歉 •accept/refuse sb’s apology接受/拒绝某人的道歉 owe sb an apology＝owe an apology to sb应该向某人表示歉意 make an apology to sb (for...)(为……)向某人道歉 (1)Additionally，I have been disturbing you by redecorating my room，and as a consequence，I owe an apology to you. (2)(应用文写作之道歉信) 我要为错把你的包裹拿回家而向你道歉。我真诚地希望你能接受我的道歉。盼望着你的原谅。 I have to apologise/make an apology to you for taking your parcel home by mistake.I sincerely hope you can accept my apology.Looking forward to your forgiveness. consequence n．后果；结果；重要性(consequent adj.随之发生的；作为结果的consequently adv.因此；结果) as a consequence(＝in consequence＝consequently＝as a result)结果，因此 as a consequence of(＝in consequence of＝as a result of)由于…… take the consequences of承担……的后果 (1)由于老师的帮助，我掌握了如何润色我的文章的窍门。在接下来的日子里，我全身心地重写我的文章，直到它让我自己满意为止。因此，我在写作比赛中获得了一等奖，我几乎掩饰不住内心的激动。(2023·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写) As a consequence/In consequence of result of my teacher’s assistance，I got the hang of how to polish my article.In consequent days，I devoted myself to rewriting my essay until it satisfied myself.As a consequence/As a result/Consequently/In consequence，I won first prize in the writing contest and I hardly concealed my inner excitement. (2)既然你已经长大，你就应该为自己的不当行为承担后果。 Now that you have grown up，you should take the consequences of your improper behavior. appeal vi.& vt.有吸引力；呼吁；上诉n.呼吁；吸引力；上诉(appealing adj.吸引人的；恳求的) •appeal to sb for/to do...向某人呼吁……/恳求某人做…… appeal to sb吸引某人；投某人所好 •make an appeal to sb for sth为某事向某人呼吁/恳求 make an appeal to sb to do sth呼吁/恳求某人做某事 (1)He makes philosophical thought an appealing(appeal) exercise that improves the quality of our experiences，and he does so with plenty of humor.(2023·全国甲) (2)正如短片所展示的那样，英语口语俱乐部自成立以来吸引了无数的学生。几乎所有的俱乐部成员都能与外国人自由交流，所以我呼吁你们马上加入我们的俱乐部。 (2022·天津6月，书面表达) Just as is shown in the short video clip，the Spoken English Club has appealed to numerous students since it was established.Almost all the club members can communicate with foreigners freely，so I appeal to you/make an appeal to you to join our club right away. debt n．债务；欠款 in debt负债 out of debt不欠债 pay off one’s debts还清某人的欠款或债务 (1)With all their debts paid off，the household could finally breathe a sigh of relief. (2)我突然想起我家负债的事实，因此我放下我最爱的玩具，撒腿往家跑去，希望我辛苦挣的钱可以帮助爸爸不再负债。(2021·浙江6月，读后续写) The fact that my family was in debt occurred to me，so I dropped my favorite toy and sprang towards my home，hoping that my hard-earned money could help my father stay out of debt. hang out逗留；闲待；厮混 hang on to保留，保存；不放弃 hang about/around/round闲荡 hang up挂断(电话) hang on别挂断；稍等；紧紧握住；(在逆境中)坚持，不放弃 (1)我正在街上闲逛时，突然注意到一个女孩在路边抽泣，好像处在极度的绝望中。 I was hanging out/about/around/round on the street when I noticed a girl sobbing on the roadside as if she were in the depths of despair. (2)我呼吁处于困境中的人们坚定地保存希望。只有坚持下去，我们最终才有可能成功。 I appeal to those in trouble to hang on to their hope resolutely.Only if we hang on can we likely succeed in the end. (3)我乞求他别挂断电话，他却毫不犹豫地挂断了，这让我气得发抖。 I begged him to hang on，but he hung up without hesitation，which made me shiver with great anger. burst into闯入；突然发作；突然……起来(尤指唱歌、哭、笑等) •burst in闯进；突然破门而入 burst out crying(＝burst into tears)突然哭起来 burst out laughing(＝burst into laughter)突然笑起来 burst with anger勃然大怒 •a burst of一阵…… (1)听到这个坏消息，她双手掩面，悲痛大哭起来。 Hearing the bad news，she buried her face in her hands，bursting into tears/bursting out crying with deep sorrow. (2)他勃然大怒，冲了进来，发出一声可怕的尖叫。一阵惊恐席卷了我的全身，我僵在原地，一动也不敢动。 He burst with anger and burst in，letting out a terrifying shriek.A burst of panic/fright/terror swept over me and I was frozen to the spot，not daring to move an inch. 用法点拨　短语burst in中的in是副词，后面不接宾语；而burst into中的into是介词，后面应接宾语。 情态动词＋have done　I might have expected it.I might have known it was all too beautiful to last.I might have known nobody really did want me.我早就应该料到。我早就应该知道这件事太美好，无法持久。我早就应该想到没人真的想要我。 might have done sth本可能做某事而未做；可能做了某事 could have done sth本能够做某事而未做；可能做了某事 should (not) have done sth本(不)应该做某事而未做(做了) needn’t have done sth本不必做某事而做了 must＋have done对过去的肯定猜测 couldn’t/can’t have done对过去的否定猜测 (1)You should have revealed the truth to the public，or he couldn’t have cheated so many people. (2)I could have left(leave) a better impression in the interview，but I ignored something important. (3)You need not have apologized to him，because it was not your fault. (4)If you went to school on foot this morning，you might have avoided the accident. (5)They must have worked out a solution to the problem，or they couldn’t be so relaxed and at ease. 介词短语位于句首引起完全倒装　To bed went Matthew.And to bed，when she had put her dishes away，went Marilla，frowning most resolutely.马修上床睡觉了。玛丽拉收拾完盘子，紧紧地皱着眉头，也回到房间休息了。 •表示地点的介词短语、作表语的形容词或现在分词置于句首，且主语是名词时，引起完全倒装。 •在完全倒装句式中，要注意主语的位置，做到主谓一致。 (1)On the outskirts of the city lies(lie) a new chemical factory. (2)Among the painters who broke away from the traditional style of painting were(be) the impressionists，who lived and worked in Paris. (3)(读后续写之场景描写)出席典礼的有许多老师和我们的校长，他们聚精会神地听我发言。 Present at/Attending the ceremony were many teachers and our headmaster，who listened to me attentively. (4)农场前流过一条小河，这条小河给周围的风景增添了更多的美。 In front of the farm flows a small river，which adds more beauty to the surrounding scenery. 提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇 Ⅰ.一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍 1．appeal (1)The community is appealing to everyone to save water. A (2)His appeal for forgiveness went unanswered. E (3)She is not satisfied with the decision made by the court and plans to appeal. B (4)The procedure appealed to the staff a lot when it was introduced in January.(2021·天津3月) C (5)Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is desirable，we hope that such attention will excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion.(2021·新课标Ⅰ) D 2．freeze (1)Water freezes when the temperature falls below 0 ℃. B (2)Ten degrees of frost had frozen the lock on the car. E (3)I’ll freeze any food that’s left over. A (4)The governor’s action freezes 300,000 accounts. C (5)I froze with terror as the door slowly opened. D 3．release (1)She burst into tears，releasing all her depressed emotions. A (2)It’s reported that Taylor Swift’s new album is to be released next year. D (3)The club is releasing some of its older players. E (4)When you do this you may feel a little，or large，release from the jail of your mind and you’ll be on your way. C (5)Of the new releases that are on show，which do you think are really good？ B 4．快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的意思 (1)He dared the boy to knock at the old man’s door.激(某人做某事) (2)Let’s hang up some family photos on this bare wall.无装饰的 (3)The benefits of regular exercise are well documented but there’s a new bonus to add to the ever-growing list.(2022·浙江1月)记录，记载 (4)I am greatly convinced that I am smart enough to dive into an area that is totally unknown.全身心投入 (5)Learning about life in a new culture is part and parcel of what newcomers to America face.重要部分 (6)He lived on the streets，and then in an orphanage(孤儿院)．There，he was adopted by an Australian family and flown to Tasmania.(2021·浙江1月) 收养，领养 Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识 1．The twins come into conflict with each other frequently and it is not surprising that there is an outbreak of quarrel. 2．The official apologised for abusing power in the court，but he failed to get others’ forgiveness. 3．He didn’t study the policy in a thorough and systematic way.As a consequence，he couldn’t answer the questions about it correspondingly. 4．The experts appealed to school kids to have a healthy diet and keep away from junk food. 5．It was really depressing that he was heavily in debt and didn’t have the capability to pay it off. 6．I am really envious(envy) of your good luck—it is a blessing to be offered help by a stranger when in trouble. 7．His daughter，who was opposed to the marriage，burst out crying with her face buried in her hands. 8．Wendy kept warning his son not to hang out at midnight with his so-called friends. 9．With an impatient frown on his face，he sat down on the floor and pulled a few books off the shelf at random. 10．At the beginning of each paragraph are(be) two questions that provoke curiosity. 作为高三学生的你，肯定在适应高中生活和人际交往方面颇有心得，请你写一篇英语演讲稿，和高一的学弟学妹们谈一谈如何快速适应高中生活以及如何处理好人际关系。 完成句子 1．当我们步入高中时，我们可能会遇到各种各样的困难，但没有必要为此感到焦虑。(状语从句的省略；there is no need to do...) ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 2．在我们将遇到的所有事情中，有一个就是如何与我们的同学和老师好好相处，他们将在这段时间里发挥最大的作用。(介词短语置于句首的倒装句；who引导定语从句) ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 3．如果你在高中时没有朋友，你会觉得学校生活像死水一样无聊。(if引导虚拟条件句) ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 4．因此，我呼吁你要诚实，避免与同学和老师发生冲突。(consequence；appeal；conflict) ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 5．此外，一旦你与他人发生冲突，你应该足够勇敢地首先做出真诚的道歉。(apology) ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 6．最重要的是，我们必须尊重、关心和同情他人，毫不犹豫地向那些需要帮助的人伸出援手。(分词短语作状语) ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 组句成篇 把以上句子用适当的过渡词语和过渡句组成一篇80词左右的短文。 ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 参考范文 Good afternoon，everyone! It is my privilege to stand here to give you a speech on how to adjust to the senior school life and get along well with others.When stepping into the high school，we are likely to meet various difficulties，but there is no need to be anxious about it. Among all matters we will meet is how to get along well with our classmates and teachers who will make the biggest difference during this period.If you had no friends in high school，you would feel school life as boring as dead water.As a consequence，I make an appeal that you should be honest and avoid conflicting with your classmates and teachers.Besides，once you’ve come into conflict with others，you should be brave enough to make a sincere apology first.Most importantly，we must show respect，concern and sympathy for others，never hesitating to lend a hand to those in need. Above are my thoughts and suggestions.I hope they will be beneficial to you.Thanks for your listening. 教材语料整合 亮词 [情感描写]　envy n．& v．→envious adj.；amazement；despair；resolutely；sorrow [动作描写]　conflict；hang out；disturb；apologise；adopt；freeze；clasp；burst into；investigate；sigh；shiver；sob；dive；frown；appeal；interrupt 美句 1.But when her eyes fell on the odd little figure in the stiff，ugly dress，with the long red hair and the eager，bright eyes，she froze in amazement.(外貌描写＋动作描写) 2．Sitting down on a chair by the table，throwing her arms on it，and burying her face in them，she proceeded to cry stormily.(动作链描写) 3．“You’re not eating anything，”said Marilla sharply，eying her as if it were a serious problem.(动作描写) 4．The whitewashed walls were so painfully bare.The floor was bare，too.In one corner was the bed，a high，old-fashioned one of dark wood.Midway between table and bed was the window，with an icy white curtain over it.There was no restroom，but there was a wash stand with a faucet in the other corner.The whole room felt cold and unwelcoming，which sent a shiver through Anne’s bones.(环境描写) 5．With a sob she quickly undressed，put on her nightclothes and jumped into bed where she pressed her face down into the pillow and pulled the clothes over her head.(动作链描写) 6．She carefully picked up Anne’s clothes，placed them neatly on a yellow chair，and then，taking up the candle，went over to the bed.(动作链描写) 7．And upstairs，in the east gable，a lonely，heart-hungry，friendless child cried herself to sleep.(人物描写) 拓展语料积累　动作细节描写：看 单词 see看见；watch 观看；observe 观察；view 把……视为；spot 注意到，发现 词块 lock one’s eyes on/stare at/gaze at目光锁定/盯着　one’s eyes be fixed on/glued to目光集中于/盯着　take/cast a glance at向……看一眼　look sb straight in the eye直视某人的眼睛　gape at目瞪口呆地看　come into view进入视野　eyes widen睁大眼睛　peep at/through偷看　glance at/around/back/up/down瞥一眼/环视/回头看/向上看/向下看　catch a glimpse of瞥见　steal a glance at偷偷瞥一眼 句型 I tiptoed forward and glanced back over my shoulder from time to time to make sure that no one was following me.我踮着脚尖向前走，不时回头看一眼，以确保没有人在跟踪我。 Seeing no other people notice me，I placed the Christmas present down，pounded the doorbell and then hid quickly behind a big tree，peeping at the doorway.(现在分词短语作状语＋动作链描写)看到没有人注意到我，我放下圣诞礼物，按了按门铃，然后迅速躲在一棵大树后面，向门口窥视。 James came out，glanced around and spotted the box，his eyes widening in surprise.(动作链描写＋独立主格)詹姆斯走了出来，环顾四周，发现了盒子，他惊讶地睁大了眼睛。 Watching what my sons had done，I couldn’t help exclaiming，“How warm-hearted they are！”(现在分词短语作状语)看着儿子们所做的一切，我不禁惊呼：“他们真是太热心了！” 语料运用　主题：圣诞聚会 ①With Christmas approaching(with复合结构)，the air was filled with joy and excitement.Everyone was overwhelmed by happiness，talking about the coming Christmas holiday and gifts，②not noticing/spotting the sorrow in Jenny’s tear-stained eyes(分词短语作状语)．Jenny，a girl growing up in an orphanage，was now staying in the corner in the classroom，③her eyes fixed on/glued to the bare wall(独立主格)，lost in thought ④as if in the depths of despair(状语从句的省略)．Fortunately，she finally attracted eyes of the monitor，⑤who happened to glance around and caught a glimpse of Jenny(who引导定语从句)．She ⑥looked Jenny straight in the eye and soon realized the reason and gathered her classmates secretly after class，trying to find a perfect way to please Jenny.Finally，they determined to hold a party especially for her. 随着圣诞节的临近，空气中充满了欢乐和兴奋。每个人都沉浸在幸福之中，谈论着即将到来的圣诞假期和礼物，却没有注意到珍妮泪眼中的悲伤。珍妮是一个在孤儿院长大的女孩，现在她呆在教室的角落里，眼睛盯着光秃秃的墙，陷入了沉思，仿佛处在极度的绝望中。幸运的是，她最终吸引了班长的目光，班长碰巧环顾四周，瞥见了珍妮。她直视着珍妮的眼睛，很快就意识到了原因，并在下课后秘密召集同学，试图找到一种完美的方式来取悦珍妮。最后，他们决定专门为她举办一场聚会。 高考题型组合练(1) Ⅰ.阅读理解 A Researchers at North Carolina State University are proposing an additional white traffic light that will act as a sign to human drivers and passengers that they should follow the lead of self-driving vehicles moving through intersections (十字路口)． Driving is fundamentally changing.In the future，human drivers will be sharing the road with autonomous vehicles.The transition to autonomous vehicles is progressing with each passing year and humans are no longer the only ones sitting behind an automobile’s steering wheel.This makes it urgent for traffic lights with a fourth color to become a reality. The white traffic light would be equipped with wireless Bluetooth technology and would engage when the number of autonomous vehicles driving on the road at any given time exceeds a certain threshold (阈值)．Autonomous vehicles would be in communication with each other and with the traffic lights at intersections，within a certain range.Any human drivers in the mix would be informed to follow the lead of the vehicle in front of them via the white light: stop if it stops，continue if it continues. In simulation models，autonomous vehicles were shown to improve traffic flow on their own.The higher the percentage of autonomous vehicles at an intersection，the faster the traffic moved，with improvements of about 40 to 99 percent in terms of total delay reductions possible.“The white light can be used to coordinate (协调) traffic in any situation involving autonomous vehicles and tell human drivers what’s going on，so that they know what they are supposed to do as they approach the intersection，” says civil engineer Ali Hajbabaie. As an example，most recently，Tesla’s problematic full-self-driving vehicles have been at the forefront of public criticism after a car crashed into a fire truck.Consequently，the potential risks linked to autonomous driving are what made North Carolina State University researchers suggest adding a fourth color to traffic lights in the coming years. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了随着驾驶正在发生根本性变化，研究人员提出设立一个额外的白色交通信号灯，它将作为一个标志，告诉人类司机和乘客，他们应该跟随自动驾驶汽车通过十字路口。 1．What does the underlined word “This” in paragraph 2 refer to? A．Strict traffic rules. B．The upgrade of road system. C．Increasing autonomous vehicles. D．The high cost of self-driving technology. 答案　C 解析　代词指代题。根据画线单词上文“Driving is...In the future，human drivers...The transition to autonomous vehicles is progressing...”可知，代词“This”指代的是上文提到的驾驶发生的变化，在未来，人类驾驶员将与自动驾驶汽车共享道路，道路上会不断增加自动驾驶汽车。故选C。 2．What does paragraph 3 mainly tell us about the white traffic light? A．Its signal meaning. B．Its working principle. C．Its complex database. D．Its potential applications. 答案　B 解析　段落大意题。根据文章第三段“The white traffic light would be equipped with wireless Bluetooth technology and would engage...”可知，第三段主要介绍了白色交通灯运行的原理，故选B。 3．What does Ali Hajbabaie convey in his words? A．The white traffic light can help improve the flow of traffic. B．Autonomous vehicles are potential threats to road safety. C．It is difficult for elderly drivers to adapt to white traffic lights. D．People had to be trained before driving on the roads with white traffic lights. 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。根据文章第四段中的“The white light can be used to coordinate(协调) traffic in any situation involving autonomous vehicles...”可知，Ali Hajbabaie认为白色交通灯可以帮助协调交通，从而使交通更顺畅。故选A。 4．Why does the author mention the example of Tesla in the last paragraph? A．To stress the popularity of driverless vehicles. B．To prove the necessity of adding white traffic lights. C．To call on the public to pay close attention to road safety. D．To present the hidden dangers of using white traffic lights. 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的“Consequently，the potential risks linked to autonomous driving are...”可知，文章举特斯拉的例子是为了证明增加白色交通信号灯来降低自动驾驶车辆的潜在风险的必要性。故选B。 B(★) (2024·江苏盐城联盟校调研) In conversations with strangers，people commonly tend to think they should speak less than half the conversation time to be likable.But we’ve discovered this idea is wrong.Our data shows that people tend to think they should speak about 45% of the time to be likable in a one-on-one conversation with someone new.However，it appears speaking up a bit more is actually a better strategy. In our research，we randomly assigned people to speak for 30%,40%,50%,60% of the time in a conversation with someone new.We found that the more they spoke，the more they were liked by their new partners.This was only one study with 116 participants，but the outcome is supported by other researchers’ findings.For example，a previous study randomly assigned one in a pair to take on the role of “speaker” and the other to take on the role of “listener”．After engaging in 12-minute interactions，listeners liked speakers more than speakers liked listeners because listeners felt more similar to speakers than speakers did to listeners.This outcome suggests the reason people prefer those who speak up：Learning more about a new partner can make you feel like you have more in common with him or her. Further，we assigned people to speak for up to 70% and even 90% of the time.The result shows it is not an ideal strategy.Our research does not suggest people hold down a conversational partner but rather that they feel comfortable speaking up more than they usually might. Research like ours can help people gain a more reasonable understanding of social interactions with new people and become more confident about how to make a good first impression.It has the obvious benefit of allowing us to carefully control speaking time.However，it does not reflect more natural conversations.Future research should figure out whether our findings generalize to more natural interactions. 5．What is the common belief concerning conversations with strangers? A．Speaking a little less is preferred. B．Speaking half the time is the best. C．Listeners are more likable than speakers. D．Listeners fail to control the conversations. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中“In conversations with strangers，people commonly tend to think they should speak less than half the conversation time to be likable.”可知，关于与陌生人交谈的普遍看法是“少说一点是更好的”。故选A。 6．How was the research carried out? A．By analyzing speaking habits. B．By making comparisons. C．By listing examples. D．By collecting data. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中“In our research，we randomly assigned...they spoke，the more they were liked by their new partners.”可知，该研究是通过比较不同说话时长对受欢迎程度的影响来实施的。故选B。 7．What is the disadvantage of the research? A．The conversation time is limited. B．Further study is hard to continue. C．The findings are less widely applicable. D．Interactions with strangers are missing. 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段中“However，it does not reflect...generalize to more natural interactions.”可知，这项研究的缺点是“这些研究发现的适用性不够广泛”。故选C。 8．In which situation can the research finding be applied? A．Attending a family gathering. B．Partying with your friends. C．Meeting a new teacher. D．Making a public speech. 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章介绍了一项关于如何与陌生人互动交往的研究，所以该研究发现可以应用于“与一位新老师初次见面”的情境，其中new是关键词。故选C。 C Scientists have solved a puzzle about modern humans，after research showed that a famous skull of a human ancestor found in South Africa is a million years older than experts thought.This discovery has changed what we know of human history. The skull，which scientists have named “Mrs Ples”，is from an ape-like human relative from a species called Australopithecus africanus(南方古猿非洲种)．It was found near Johannesburg in 1947 and，based on evidence from its surroundings，was thought to be between 2.1 and 2.6 million years old.This puzzled scientists，because although Mrs Ples looks like a possible early ancestor of early humans，the first true humans had already evolved by the time she apparently lived.For this reason，scientists had decided that Australopithecus afarensis，a similar species from East Africa that lived about 3.5 million years ago，was our most likely ancestor instead. To get a more accurate age for Mrs Ples，a team led by Professor Darryl Granger of Purdue University in Indiana，US，used a new method to date the sandy rocks where the skull lay.They measured the amount of certain chemicals in rocks，which form at a steady rate when they are exposed to cosmic rays (宇宙射线) on Earth’s surface.Once rocks are buried，these chemicals stop forming and slowly disappear；the surviving amount reveals how much time has passed since the rocks (or bones) were on the surface. The new study shows that Mrs Ples and other australopithecine bones nearby are between 3.4 and 3.7 million years old.This means they lived at the same time as their East African relatives，so that either group could have given rise to modern humans.However，team member Dr Laurent Bruxelles pointed out that over millions of years，at only 2,500 miles away，these groups had plenty of time to travel and to breed with each other.In other words，the groups could quite easily have met，had children together and both been part of the history of modern humans. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。研究表明，在南非发现的一个著名的人类祖先头骨的年代比专家们认为的要早100万年。这一发现改变了我们对人类历史的认识。 9．What can we learn about Mrs Ples from the first two paragraphs? A．It is a skull found in East Africa. B．It is the most possible ancestor of humans. C．It is a million years older than scientists expected. D．It is proved to live between 2.1 and 2.6 million years ago. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段的“Scientists have solved a puzzle about modern humans，after research showed that a famous skull of a human ancestor found in South Africa is a million years older than experts thought.”和第二段的“The skull，which scientists have named ‘Mrs Ples’”可知，“Ples夫人”的年代比科学家预期的要早100万年。故选C。 10．How did scientists get the accurate age of “Mrs Ples”？ A．By studying the effect of cosmic rays. B．By calculating the forming rate of chemicals. C．By locating the sandy rocks where the skull lay. D．By measuring the surviving amount of chemicals. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段的“They measured the amount of certain chemicals in rocks...the surviving amount reveals...on the surface.”可知，科学家通过测量保存下来的化学物质的含量来得到“Ples夫人”的准确年龄。故选D。 11．What can we infer from the new study? A．Modern humans came into being in East Africa. B．Mrs Ples travelled and had children with East African relatives. C．The history of modern humans might begin 3.5 million years ago. D．Ape-like species from Africa could have interacted with each other. 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段的“In other words，the groups could quite easily have met，had children together and both been part of the history of modern humans.”可知，我们能从这项新研究中推断出来自非洲的类人猿物种可能相互交流。故选D。 12．Which of the following can be the best title of the passage? A．Historical Puzzle Unsolved B．Ancestor Mystery Solved C．Mrs Ples: The Earliest Human Being D．Mrs Ples: A Famous Skull 答案　B 解析　标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的“Scientists have solved a puzzle about modern humans，...”可知，本文主要讲的是科学家们解开了一个关于现代人类祖先头骨的谜题，因此最好的题目是B选项“Ancestor Mystery Solved”。故选B。 Ⅱ.七选五(★) Living with other people can be difficult，especially when each person comes from a different background and has their own ideas about how they want to live.Though having a roommate can be challenging at times，it can also be enjoyable and fun.__1__ You can discuss your expectations ahead of time.Get together before or on the first day you move in together and talk about what each of you needs and wants from the other.__2__ This applies to finances，food，clothes，possessions，use of common areas and so on. You should agree to respect each other’s privacy.This is especially important.__3__ For instance，you may not mind if your roommate comes into your room unannounced，but they might find you to be very rude for doing so.You should talk about these kinds of things so that you know what to expect from each other. __4__ Say hello and goodbye，ask them how their day was，and show interest in their life.Getting to know the person you live with helps you understand their perspective，and allows them to understand yours.It also makes it easier to deal with problems that you have with that person if you’ve already developed a harmonious relationship with them. You can also be considerate of your roommate in your life.Understand what’s going on in your roommate’s life.You should aim to be flexible and accommodating.Your roommate may have a big test coming up.__5__ If your roommate is busy and stressed with their job，give them some time and space to relax and unwind. A．You can discuss each of your preferences for privacy. B．Spending time with your roommate is also important. C．This is your best chance to set boundaries with your roommate. D．Make sure that everyone is clear on the rules and responsibilities. E．This is what you should know to respect your roommate’s privacy. F．Then in this case you should probably be quiet and let them study. G．The following steps will help you live in harmony with your roommate. 1．答案　G 解析　上文“Though having a roommate can be challenging at times，it can also be enjoyable and fun.”提出与室友同住会带来挑战，但也可以愉快和有趣，下文四个段落分别给出与室友愉快相处的方法，所以G项“The following steps will help you live in harmony with your roommate.”能承上启下。故选G项。 2．答案　D 解析　上文“You can discuss your expectations ahead of time.Get together before or on the first day you move in together and talk about what each of you needs and wants from the other.”和下文“This applies to finances，food，clothes，possessions，use of common areas and so on.”可知，本段建议要弄清楚彼此的需求和期望，要在财务、食物、衣服、财产、公共区域的使用等方面达成一致，即要先明确规则和各自的职责，D项“Make sure that everyone is clear on the rules and responsibilities.”与本段内容一致。故选D项。 3．答案　A 解析　根据下文“For instance，you may not mind...”中的“For instance”可知，下文是对上文的举例说明，是对A项“You can discuss each of your preferences for privacy.”中的“discuss each of your preferences for privacy”的举例说明。故选A项。 4．答案　B 解析　根据下文“Say hello and goodbye，ask them how their day was，and show interest in their life.”可知，本段建议要关心室友，要与室友建立和谐的关系，所以要花时间和室友在一起。B项“Spending time with your roommate is also important.”与下文语意连贯。故选B项。 5．答案　F 解析　上文“Your roommate may have a big test coming up.”设定了室友要考试的情景，F项“Then in this case you should probably be quiet and let them study.”是作为室友的你应该做的事情：保持安静，让他们学习。故选F项。 高考题型组合练(2) Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2024·安徽合肥质检) Moran works at the California Academy of Sciences，which is capped by 2.5 acres of living roof where nearly 1.7 million plants，insects and birds flourish.The building has been painstakingly designed to be among one of the most environment-friendly in the world.Solar panels that surround the living roof provide 5% of the building’s energy，while water flowing through pipes in the bathrooms also generates power.Automatic skylights open and close to help regulate the temperature inside the building while natural sunlight is used to light the building as much as possible.During his 15 years at the academy(研究院)，Moran has helped design，build and now maintain the building’s green systems. Constructing new environment-friendly buildings like the one Moran works in is expected to generate more than 6.5 million jobs by 2030，according to predictions by the International Labor Organization.Next to energy，it will be the second fastest growing sector for green jobs in the coming decades.This jobs growth comes from a growing need for buildings that can deal with multiple problems：meeting tough climate-change targets；rising energy costs，water shortages and an increased risk of extreme weather conditions.This is driving a movement known as green building. In 2000，just 41 new construction projects were officially rated as green buildings in the US.Last year，that figure had grown to more than 65,000.Elsewhere in the world there have been similar increases and it is a trend that is expected to continue.In China the government has set an ambitious goal as part of its five-year plan that requires 50% of all new urban buildings to be green certified. Moran sees green building as requiring new skills that have not featured much in the building sector in the past.“It takes a different skill set to look after a living roof compared to normal landscaping，” he says.“You need to understand the environment，how the direction of the sun and wind will affect it.But we are also seeing technology being integrated into everything.” 语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了建筑师莫兰专注于建造新的环保建筑，而绿色建筑是未来的趋势。 1．How was the building of the academy planned? A．Rigidly. B．Effortlessly. C．Thoroughly. D．Strategically. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。由第一段可知，此建筑的方方面面都运用了环保理念，应是精心设计的。文中的painstakingly“精心地，细心地”与C项Thoroughly“细致地”是同义词。故选C项。 2．What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 2 refer to? A．Constructing new buildings. B．Generating more jobs. C．The growing need for houses. D．The International Labor Organization. 答案　A 解析　代词指代题。由第二段可知，it用于指代上文，上文提及了“Constructing new environment-friendly buildings”，此处it指“Constructing new buildings”。故选A项。 3．Why do many countries begin to construct green buildings? A．To develop a large market. B．To satisfy humans’ ambitions. C．To solve different challenges. D．To control the new movement. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。由第二段中的“...buildings that can deal with multiple problems：meeting tough climate-change targets；rising energy costs，water shortages and an increased risk of extreme weather conditions.”可知，为解决诸多不同的挑战，许多国家开始建设绿色建筑。故选C项。 4．What does Moran possibly think of his present job? A．Challenging. B．Risky. C．Traditional. D．Urgent. 答案　A 解析　观点态度题。由最后一段可知，莫兰认为，绿色建筑需要新的不寻常的技能，且对设计者有更高的要求，由此可知，他认为目前的工作很具挑战性。故选A项。 B “Towards thee I roll，thou all-destroying but unconquering whale；to the last I grapple with thee；from hell’s heart I stab at thee；for hate’s sake I spit my last breath at thee.” Captain Ahab’s dying declaration of defiance(抗争) is among the most famous passages in Herman Melville’s novel. In reality，such victories of the hunted over the hunter were a fantasy in the cruel world of industrial whaling.The biggest cetacean of them all，the blue whale，had all but disappeared from the Southern Ocean(南冰洋) by the time a ban on hunting it was introduced in 1967. Sightings of the largest mammal ever to live on the earth had been rare in the region since then.Not any more.A survey of coastal waters around the island of South Georgia in the sub-Antarctic has had remarkable results. In just over three weeks，in the krill-rich waters of what was once their main feeding ground，the movements of 55 Antarctic blues were recorded by the British Antarctic Survey.The finding was described as “truly，truly amazing” by one cetacean specialist.It suggests that when a comprehensive audit(审计)，due in 2021，is carried out，there is a good chance that the species will prove to be in full recovery mode，as are humpbacks and other whales in the southern hemisphere. In 2017，the Natural History Museum established a 25m skeleton(骨架) of a blue whale and named it Hope，intending to inspire new generations to build a sustainable future. The return of the world’s most splendid ocean travellers to southern waters should serve as an example for wider possibilities of conservation.Ecological wrongs can be righted，or at least mitigated，with sufficient will and organisations. The more general comeback of the whale—for which environmental campaigners should take a great deal of credit—can be an inspiration for victories yet to be won.It could also act as an added motivation to action on the climate emergency. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了经过人类多年的努力，蓝鲸正在逐步回归海洋。 5．What’s the author’s purpose of mentioning the famous passage in Herman Melville’s novel? A．To describe a hunter’s bravery. B．To introduce the topic of the text. C．To stress the popularity of the novel. D．To offer information about whale hunting. 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据第一段末句以及第二段首句可知，小说中猎物的胜利令人激动，而现实中鲸鱼被工业化捕杀迫害严重，由此可推知，作者提到赫尔曼·麦尔维尔的小说中的这一桥段是为了引出本文要讨论的话题。故选B。 6．Why was a 25m skeleton of a blue whale named Hope? A．To attract tourists to visit the museum. B．To show the unkindness of whale hunters. C．To motivate humans to live harmoniously with nature. D．To call on people to pay attention to the blue whales’ habitat. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第五段可知，一具25米长的蓝鲸骨架被命名为“希望”是为了激励人类与自然和谐相处，建设可持续发展的未来。故选C。 7．What does the underlined word “mitigated” in paragraph 6 probably mean? A．Developed. B．Promoted. C．Reduced. D．Solved. 答案　C 解析　词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“Ecological wrongs can be righted，or at least”以及后文“with sufficient will and organisations”可知，只要有足够的意愿和组织，生态错误是可以被纠正的，或者至少是可以减轻的。由此推断画线词“mitigated”意为“减少”，与reduced同义，故选C。 8．What’s the best title of the text? A．The Blue Whales’ Comeback B．The Cruelty of Industrial Whaling C．The Importance of Protecting Whales D．The Sustainable Development of the Antarctic Area 答案　A 解析　标题归纳题。通读全文尤其是第四段和最后一段可知，文章主要介绍了经过多年的努力，蓝鲸正在逐步回归海洋，这也激励人类继续保护环境。A选项“蓝鲸的回归”为本文最佳标题。故选A。 Ⅱ.完形填空(★) (2024·河北唐山第一中学月考) “Dad，just touch the green button！The one with a little picture of a telephone on it！” I was shouting to my father as I __1__ him on how to answer it. My father is already in his eighties and lives alone.To communicate better and __2__ his later life，I bought him an iPhone，but my father __3__ resisted using it.After my repeated attempts of persuasion，he unwillingly __4__ this strange device. It took my father about a year to learn to answer and make calls.Fortunately，my father’s tech skills have __5__ to FaceTime capability.During a FaceTime call，we had a rather __6__ moment.As he couldn’t __7__ me well，he held up the screen to his ear.This meant all I saw was his large __8__.For a long time，I could still __9__ Dad’s ear emerging on the screen，which made me laugh. Then this past summer I introduced him to Wordle—a popular word puzzle.He caught on fast and became __10__ about it.Now he looks forward to __11__ the puzzle as soon as the new game comes out after midnight.Every morning he sends me a text，telling me the __12__ of the day.This has unexpectedly strengthened our bond. It is quite __13__ that at 89，my father has mastered the iPhone to the level that he can access and send emails and texts，and even do his banking online. The __14__ to smartphones has been blamed for damaging interpersonal relationships.However，I can say the iPhone has __15__ our relationship. 语篇解读　本文为一篇记叙文。文章介绍了作者为了方便80多岁的父亲和他联系，丰富他的老年生活，给他配备了一部iPhone手机，并教他如何接听电话，父亲慢慢解锁更多技能，还痴迷于字谜游戏，但这些都增进了两人之间的关系。 1．A.cheated B．asked C．coached D．followed 答案　C 解析　根据上文“Dad，just touch the green button！The one with a little picture of a telephone on it！” 可知，作者在教父亲如何用手机接听电话，coached“指导，教授”符合语境，故选C项。 2．A.enrich B．fund C．simplify D．save 答案　A 解析　根据上文“My father is already in his eighties and lives alone.To communicate better and”可知，作者给父亲买iPhone，以方便交流，使父亲多接触外面的世界，丰富(enrich)生活。故选A项。 3．A.slightly B．strongly C．bravely D．successfully 答案　B 解析　根据下文“After my repeated attempts of persuasion，he unwillingly ________ this strange device.”可知，父亲原本对这个手机很排斥，再三劝说下还不是很情愿接受，strongly符合语境。故选B项。 4．A.threw B．bought C．forgot D．accepted 答案　D 解析　根据上文“To communicate better and ________ his later life，I bought him an iPhone，but my father ________ resisted using it.”可知，强烈反对使用iPhone的父亲在作者的再三劝说下，才勉强接受了(accepted)手机。故选D项。 5．A.turned B．progressed C．replied D．contributed 答案　B 解析　根据上文“It took my father about a year to learn to answer and make calls.”可知，在解锁使用iPhone技能的过程中，作者父亲在进步(progressed)，已经从接电话、打电话到使用FaceTime聊天，故选B项。 6．A.humorous B．proud C．urgent D．quiet 答案　A 解析　根据下文“For a long time，I could still ________ Dad’s ear emerging on the screen，which made me laugh.”可知，在通话中，父亲把耳朵贴在屏幕上聊天的样子令作者发笑，humorous符合语境。故选A项。 7．A.understand B．see C．hear D．treat 答案　C 解析　根据下文“he held up the screen to his ear”可知，父亲听(hear)不清，所以要把耳朵贴近手机屏幕。故选C项。 8．A.eye B．ear C．mouth D．hand 答案　B 解析　根据上文“As he couldn’t ________ me well，he held up the screen to his ear.”可知，作者在和父亲FaceTime通话时，看不到父亲的脸，只能看见他的耳朵，故选B项。 9．A.picture B．observe C．prevent D．mind 答案　A 解析　根据上文“During a FaceTime call，we had a rather ________ moment.As he couldn’t ________ me well，he held up the screen to his ear.This meant all I saw was his large ________.”可知，作者和父亲FaceTime通话时，看到的总是父亲的耳朵，所以想象到这个画面，作者会笑，picture此处为熟词生义，意为“想象”，符合语境。故选A项。 10．A.angry B．cautious C．crazy D．patient 答案　C 解析　根据下文“Now he looks forward to ________ the puzzle as soon as the new game comes out after midnight.Every morning he sends me a text，telling me the ________ of the day.”可知，作者的父亲每天等着公布新游戏，连夜解答词谜，crazy符合语境。故选C项。 11．A.searching for B．testing out C．paying for D．figuring out 答案　D 解析　根据下文“Every morning he sends me a text，telling me the ________ of the day.”可知，作者的父亲能在早上发短信告知作者单词，说明他连夜解答谜题，figuring out符合语境。故选D项。 12．A.word B．news C．routine D．weather 答案　A 解析　根据上文“Then this past summer...after midnight.”可知，作者的父亲痴迷于字谜游戏“文字云”，每天想着游戏里的单词，还把每次的答案分享给作者，word符合语境。故选A项。 13．A.strange B．impressive C．worrying D．easy 答案　B 解析　根据句中“at 89，my father has mastered the iPhone to the level that he can access and send emails and texts，and even do his banking online”可知，作者父亲尽管89岁高龄了，但是对 iPhone使用娴熟，能收发邮件短信，办理网上业务，令人印象深刻(impressive)。故选B项。 14．A.reform B．resistance C．addiction D．limitation 答案　C 解析　根据上文“Then this past summer I introduced him to Wordle...after midnight.”可知，作者的父亲痴迷了一款字谜游戏，对iPhone里的游戏成瘾(addiction)。故选C项。 15．A.complicated B．started C．destroyed D．enhanced 答案　D 解析　根据上文“This has unexpectedly strengthened our bond.”可知，作者的父亲通过使用手机，反而增进了(enhanced)两人的关系。故选D项。 Ⅲ.语法填空(★) As is known to all，we 1.____________(human) are social by nature.The connections we build with others 2.____________(be) critical to social，emotional，and physical health.Knowing how to maintain interpersonal relationships can help you build a support system 3.____________ provides strength as you cope with life’s challenges. Interpersonal relationships need openness.4.____________(maintain) strong bonds with others，there needs to be a mutual give-and-take 5.____________ it comes to sharing information with one another.It is through this mutual sharing that you get to know each other.This process,6.____________(know) as self-disclosure，strengthens bonds and deepens intimacy between people.Consider how you might feel if someone you care about doesn’t share important information with you about things that are happening in their life.You might be left 7.____________(feel) that they don’t trust you or that they don’t consider you as a close friend. Being open doesn’t 8.____________(necessary) mean you should give others unlimited access to your thoughts，feelings，or time.Healthy boundaries are also 9.____________ vital foundation of any strong relationship.It’s important that others respect your boundaries，but it is just as important for you to respect 10.____________(they)．Respecting these boundaries shows that you care about each other’s values，goals，emotions，and needs. 语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了良好的人际关系的重要性以及坦率和保持适当的界限有助于维持良好的人际关系。 1．答案　humans 解析　考查名词的数。根据空处在句中作we的同位语以及空后的be动词are可知，空处应为复数。故填humans。 2．答案　are　 解析　考查时态及主谓一致。分析句子可知，本句陈述客观事实，应为一般现在时，主语为The connections，be动词为复数。故填are。 3．答案　that/which 解析　考查定语从句。分析句子可知，本空为定语从句的关系词，先行词为a support system，定语从句中少主语。故填that/which。 4．答案　To maintain 解析　考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，本空为非谓语，根据句意，应为不定式表目的。空处位于句首，首字母大写。故填To maintain。 5．答案　when 解析　考查连词。when it comes to 为固定短语，意为“就……而言；当提到……时”。故填when。 6．答案　known 解析　考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，本空为非谓语作定语，know与所修饰的名词短语this process之间为被动关系，应用过去分词。故填known。 7．答案　feeling 解析　考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，本空为非谓语作补足语，是leave sb doing sth结构的被动式，leave在此是使役动词，意为“使处于某种状态”，feel与逻辑主语you之间为主动关系，应用现在分词。故填feeling。 8．答案　necessarily 解析　考查副词。 修饰后面的动词mean应用副词，另外，“not necessarily”也是固定短语，意为“未必”。故填necessarily。 9．答案　a 解析　考查冠词。foundation意为“基础”，为可数名词，根据句意可知本空表泛指，且vital发音以辅音音素开头。故填a。 10．答案　theirs 解析　考查代词。分析句子可知，本空为宾语，与上文的your boundaries为并列关系，应用名词性物主代词。故填theirs。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $