选择性必修第三册 UNIT 8 LITERATURE（教师用书word）-【步步高】2025年高考英语大一轮复习讲义（北师大版）

Ⅰ.阅读单词——会意 1．fiction n．小说；虚构的事 2．fable n．寓言 3．genre n．(艺术、写作、音乐等的)类型，体裁 4．romance n．爱情故事；罗曼史；爱情 5．detective n．侦探，警探 6．subjective adj.主观的；主语的 7．contradictory adj.矛盾的；抵触的 8．riddle n．迷，谜语；谜团 9．rhyme n．押韵 10．tone n．(说话的)语气，口气，腔调；(尤指乐器或说话的)音调，音色，音质 11．setting n．(书、影片等中情节发生的)背景；环境 12．era n．时代，年代 13．shelf n．搁板，架子 14．scan vt.(用电磁波等)扫描 15．unseen adj.未受注意的；未被看见的 16．pneumonia n．肺炎 17．backwards adv.往回，往前面；向后，朝后 18．ivy n．常春藤 19．vine n．葡萄属植物；葡萄藤 20．nonsense n．胡说，废话；荒谬的想法(看法) 21．curtain n．窗帘；门帘；帘子 22．janitor n．(学校或大楼的)看门人，门房，管理员 23．inch n．英寸 24．queer adj.奇怪的，难以解释的 25．harness n．(马的)挽具，马具 26．downy adj.被绒毛覆盖的；充满绒毛的 27．flake n．小薄片 28．daffodil n．水仙(花)，黄水仙 29．vale n．谷；山谷 30．margin n．(尤指地域或水域的)边缘，边隅；页边的空白，页边 31．bay n．湾，海湾 32．sprightly adj.活跃的，充满活力的 33．glee n．高兴，兴奋；幸灾乐祸 34．gay [旧时]adj.快乐的，兴奋的 35．jocund adj.快活的；高兴的 36．oft adv.经常，时常 37．couch n．长沙发 38．vacant adj.空的，未被占用的 39．pensive adj.沉思的；郁郁不乐的 40．inward adj.内心的，精神的 41．bliss n．极乐，无上幸福，福佑，至福 42．solitude n．独处，独居 43．league n．里格；联赛；同盟 44．recollection n．想起，记起 45．being n．生物(尤指人)；诞生；出现；存在 46．whale n．鲸 47．weapon n．武器，兵器；凶器 48．steel n．钢，钢铁 49．seaman n．水手，海员；水兵 Ⅱ.重点单词——记形 1．folk adj.民间的，民俗的 2．logic n．逻辑；道理，合理的想法 3．recite vi.& vt.背诵；朗诵 4．structure n．结构，构造；建筑物，结构体 5．submit vt.呈送，提交，呈递 6．stare vi.凝视，盯着看 7．blank adj.空白的 n．(纸张上的)空白处，空格 8.blanket n．毯子，毛毯 9．aside adv.到旁边，在旁边 10．sail vi.& vt.飘；(乘船)航行 11．fetch vt.(去)拿来；(去)请来；(去)找来 12．slip vi.溜走，悄悄地走；滑倒 13．fellow n．男人；家伙 14．clothing n．服装，衣服 15．sweep n．挥动；打扫vt.& vi.扫，打扫 16．wander vi.& vt.徘徊，闲逛；漫步于 17．flutter vi.& vt.(在空中)飘扬，飘动；振(翼)，拍打(翅膀) 18．breeze n．微风，和风 19．twinkle vi.闪烁，闪耀 20．stretch vi.& vt.延伸，绵延；(使)变大；(使)变松；拉长 21．glance n．一瞥，很快的一看 vi.一瞥，看一眼 22．toss vi.& vt.甩头；扔，掷，抛 23．wave n．海浪，波涛；(行为、活动或感情的)一阵，风潮 vi.& vt.挥动，摆动；挥手 24．sparkling adj.闪亮的，闪光的 25．gaze vi.& n．凝视，盯着看；注视 26．sink vi.& vt.下沉，沉没 27．grab vt.攫取，抓住 28．nevertheless adv.然而，不过；尽管如此 29．drown vi.& vt.(使)淹死，(使)溺毙 30．strike vi.& vt.打，击，撞；突然发生不幸 n．罢工；打击 31．chest n．胸部，胸膛 32．bounce vi.& vt.(使)弹起，(使)反弹 33．solid adj.固体的；坚硬的 34．daybreak n．黎明，破晓 35．utter vt.(尤指吃力地)发出(声音) 36．aboard prep.& adv.在(船，飞机，火车)上；上(船，飞机，火车) 37．scholar n．有学问的人；学者 38．fence vi.击剑n.栅栏，围栏，篱笆 39．handkerchief n．手帕 40．noble adj.高尚的，崇高的；贵族的 Ⅲ.拓展单词——悉变 1．poetry n．诗，诗歌；诗情，诗意→poet n．诗人→poem n．诗 2．drama n．戏剧；戏剧表演；戏剧性事件→dramatic adj.激动人心的；给人深刻印象的；巨大而突然的；表演的，戏剧的→dramatically adv.戏剧地；显著地 3．adventure n．历险，奇遇→adventurous adj.有冒险精神的；大胆开拓的；惊险的 4．fantasy n．幻想作品；幻想，想象；空想→fantastic adj.极好的 5．stimulating adj.使人兴奋的；饶有趣味的→stimulate vt.刺激；激励→stimulation n．刺激；激励；激发 6．absorbing adj.十分吸引人的，引人入胜的→absorb vt.吸引；吸收；理解→absorbed adj.被……吸引住；专心致志的 7．mystery n．难以理解的事物，谜；悬疑故事→mysterious adj.神秘的；奇怪的 8．literary adj.文学的→literature n．文学；文献资料 9．historical adj.历史的→historic adj.历史上著名的；有历史意义的→history n．历史→historian n．历史学家 10．registration n．登记，注册→register v．登记；注册 11．icy adj.极冷的；被冰覆盖的→ice n．冰 12．disbelief n．不信，怀疑→belief n．相信；信心；信念→believe v．相信→disbelieve v．不信，怀疑 13．crime n．罪，罪行；犯罪活动→criminal n．罪犯 14．frozen adj.(河、湖等)结冰的；冷冻的，冷藏的→freeze v．(河、湖等)结冰→freezing adj.极冷的；冰冻的 15．continuous adj.持续的，不间断的，连续的→continue v．延续，继续→continuation n．延续，继续部分 16．violent adj.暴力的，强暴的；强烈的→violence n．暴力，暴行 17．desperation n．绝望；拼命，不顾一切→desperate adj.绝望的；渴望的→desperately adv.绝望地；不顾一切地 18．ease n．轻易，毫不费劲→easy adj.容易的→easily adv.容易地；不费力地 19．preservation n．维护；保护；保持，维持；保存→preserve vt.维护；保护 20．unconscious adj.不省人事的，失去知觉的→conscious adj.察觉到的；意识到的；有知觉的→consciousness n．知觉；觉悟；意识 21．evidently adv.明显地，显然→evident adj.明显的→evidence n．证据 22．polished adj.擦亮的，磨光的；精湛的；精致的→polish v．擦亮，磨光n.抛光；完美，精湛 23．construction n．建筑物；建造物；建造，建筑→construct vt.建筑，建造→constructive adj.建设性的 24．comfort vt.安慰，抚慰 n．舒适感，满足感→comfortable adj.舒适的→uncomfortable adj.(人)不舒服的；不安的；不自在的 25．emotional adj.情绪的，情感的；敏感的；情绪激动的→emotion n．情绪，情感 26．poison n．毒药，毒素，毒物 vt.毒害，毒杀→poisonous adj.有毒的 27．forgive vi.& vt.原谅，宽恕，饶恕→forgiveness n．原谅，宽恕，饶恕 1．dull/dʌl/adj.无趣的，枯燥的 2．interfere with sth/sb妨碍，阻止 3．resist/rI'zIst/vi.& vt.忍住，按捺；反抗，抵御 4．intellectual/ˌIntə'lektʃuəl/adj.智力的，脑力的 5．notable/'nəʊtəbəl/adj.显要的；显著的 6．genetic/dʒə'netIk/adj.基因的，遗传学的 7．inherit/In'herIt/vt.经遗传得到 8．fairly/'feəli/adv.相当，颇；公平合理地 9．perceptive/pə'septIv/adj.观察敏锐的，洞察力强的 10．observant/əb'zɜːvənt/adj.观察敏锐的，机警的 11．witty/'wIti/adj.说话风趣的；妙趣横生的 12．inquisitive/In'kwIzətIv/adj.好问的，爱探究的 Ⅳ.背核心短语 1．stare at盯着 2．in an attempt to do sth试着做某事 3．make up one’s mind下定决心 4．be tired of厌倦 5．with disbelief不相信地；怀疑地 6．hold on坚持；等一等 7．in desperation绝望地 8．struggle against为反对……而斗争 9．wake up醒来 10．search...for...为了寻找……而搜查…… 11．shake with cold冷得发抖 12．take...for granted视……为理所当然(而对其不重视) Ⅴ.悟经典句式 1．In 40 years he had never produced the masterpiece he longed to paint.(long to do...) 40年来，他从未创作出他渴望画的杰作。 2．The crash was so violent that I have no clear recollection of falling from the boat.(so...that...) 撞击实在是太猛烈了，我不清楚自己是怎么从船上摔下来的。 3．If master would be so good as to hold onto my shoulder，master would swim with much greater ease.(so...as to...) 如果主人能抓牢我的肩膀，主人会游得轻松很多。 4．The blow produced a sound of metal；and，incredible though it may be，it seemed as if it was made of metal plates.(though引导的让步状语从句的倒装) 撞击时，这东西发出金属的声音；虽然这听起来可能令人难以置信，但它似乎是由金属板做成的。 5．I couldn’t say where I was，nor could I imagine.(nor位于句首引起的部分倒装) 我说不出我在哪里，我也无法想象。 6．Then came the sound of a heavy door opening，and two seamen appeared.(then位于句首引起的完全倒装) 接着传来了沉重的开门声，两位水手出现了。 默写练习(一) Ⅰ.阅读单词(每小题1分，共11分) 1．fiction n．小说；虚构的事 2．romance n．爱情故事；罗曼史；爱情 3．detective n．侦探，警探 4．subjective adj.主观的；主语的 5．contradictory adj.矛盾的；抵触的 6．riddle n．迷，谜语；谜团 7．setting n．(书、影片等中情节发生的)背景；环境 8．scan vt.(用电磁波等)扫描 9．unseen adj.未受注意的；未被看见的 10．nonsense n．胡说，废话；荒谬的想法(看法) 11．curtain n．窗帘；门帘；帘子 Ⅱ.重点单词(每小题2分，共16分) 1．folk adj.民间的，民俗的 2．recite vi.& vt.背诵；朗诵 3．structure n．结构，构造；建筑物，结构体 4．submit vt.呈送，提交，呈递 5．stare vi.凝视，盯着看 6．blank adj.空白的 n．(纸张上的)空白处，空格 7．fetch vt.(去)拿来；(去)请来；(去)找来 8．slip vi.溜走，悄悄地走；滑倒 Ⅲ.拓展单词(每小题2分，共12分) 1．fantasy n．幻想作品；幻想，想象；空想→fantastic adj.极好的 2．drama n．戏剧；戏剧表演；戏剧性事件→dramatic adj.激动人心的；给人深刻印象的；巨大而突然的；表演的，戏剧的→dramatically adv.戏剧地；显著地 3．literary adj.文学的→literature n．文学；文献资料 4．historical adj.历史的→historic adj.历史上著名的；有历史意义的→history n．历史→historian n．历史学家 5．icy adj.极冷的；被冰覆盖的→ice n．冰 6．frozen adj.(河、湖等)结冰的；冷冻的，冷藏的→freeze v．(河、湖等)结冰→freezing adj.极冷的；冰冻的 Ⅳ.拔高词汇(每小题1分，共5分) 1．dull adj.无趣的，枯燥的 2．resist vi.& vt.忍住，按捺；反抗，抵御 3．fairly adv.相当，颇；公平合理地 4．notable adj.显要的；显著的 5．witty adj.说话风趣的；妙趣横生的 Ⅴ.核心短语(每小题2分，共10分) 1．stare at盯着 2．in an attempt to do sth 试着做某事 3．make up one’s mind 下定决心 4．be tired of 厌倦 5．with disbelief不相信地；怀疑地 Ⅰ.词形变化填空(每小题2分，共16分) 1．With so many different forms of poetry to choose from，students may eventually want to write poems of their own.(poem) 2．Lucy，a young girl from America，is fond of adventures.Her adventurous experience is unbelievable.(adventure) 3．Although I am absorbed in all the materials，I still have difficulty absorbing them all at once.(absorb) 4．Having committed quite a few terrible crimes，the criminal was finally arrested.(crime) 5．There are many mysterious stories about the Egyptian pyramids，and how they were made remains a mystery.(mystery) 6．Hearing that I held a strong belief that I could marry that handsome actor，my brother shook his head in disbelief.(believe) 7．These stimulating stories have stimulated me to bravely pursue my dream and this kind of stimulation will benefit me in my life.(stimulate) 8．How many students have registered for English classes at the registration office？(register) Ⅱ.选词填空(每小题3分，共15分) 1．I am tired of driving for hours to work，and therefore，I want to find a new job near my home. 2．You assisted me in holding on at times when I didn’t think I could even go on trying. 3．She stared at the painting for a long time，wondering where she had seen it. 4．I had solved the most difficult math problem and everyone looked at me with disbelief. 5．Once she has made up her mind，under no circumstances will she change her mind. Ⅲ.经典句型仿写(每小题5分，共15分) 1．很长一段时间以来，我一直渴望去北京旅行。(long to do...) For a long time，I have longed to have a journey to Beijing. 2．但我太忙了，我不能抽出时间去度假。(so...that...) But I am so busy that I can’t spare the time for a holiday. 3．不过，我的老板那么好心地给了我一个7天的带薪假期。(so...as to...) However，my boss is so kind as to give me a 7­day paid holiday. 默写练习(二) Ⅰ.阅读单词(每小题1分，共10分) 1．sprightly adj.活跃的，充满活力的 2．glee n．高兴，兴奋；幸灾乐祸 3．gay [旧时] adj.快乐的，兴奋的 4．jocund adj.快活的；高兴的 5．vacant adj.空的，未被占用的 6．pensive adj.沉思的；郁郁不乐的 7．inward adj.内心的，精神的 8．whale n．鲸 9．solitude n．独处，独居 10．recollection n．想起，记起 Ⅱ.重点单词(每小题2分，共24分) 1．sweep vt.& vi.扫，打扫；扫去；卷走，冲走 2．wander vi.& vt.徘徊，闲逛；漫步于 3．flutter vi.& vt.(在空中)飘扬，飘动；振(翼)，拍打(翅膀) 4．twinkle vi.闪烁，闪耀 5．stretch vi.& vt.延伸，绵延；(使)变大；(使)变松；拉长 6．glance n．一瞥，很快的一看 vi.一瞥，看一眼 7．toss vi.& vt.甩头；扔，掷，抛 8．gaze vi.& n．凝视，盯着看；注视 9．sink vi.& vt.下沉，沉没 10．grab vt.攫取，抓住 11．strike vi.& vt.打，击，撞；突然发生不幸 n．罢工；打击 12．utter vt.(尤指吃力地)发出(声音) Ⅲ.拓展单词(每小题2分，共10分) 1．ease n．轻易，毫不费劲→easy adj.容易的→easily adv.容易地；不费力地 2．unconscious adj.不省人事的，失去知觉的→conscious adj.察觉到的；意识到的；有知觉的→consciousness n．知觉；觉悟；意识 3．polished adj.擦亮的，磨光的；精湛的；精致的→polish v．擦亮，磨光n.抛光；精湛 4．emotional adj.情绪的，情感的；敏感的；情绪激动的→emotion n．情绪；情感 5．poison n．毒药，毒素，毒物 vt.毒害，毒杀→poisonous adj.有毒的 Ⅳ.拔高词汇(每小题1分，共5分) 1．interfere with sth/sb妨碍，阻止 2．intellectual adj.智力的，脑力的 3．genetic adj.基因的，遗传学的 4．inherit vt.经遗传得到 5．perceptive adj.观察敏锐的，洞察力强的 Ⅴ.核心短语(每小题2分，共10分) 1．in desperation 绝望地 2．struggle against为反对……而斗争 3．wake up醒来 4．shake with cold冷得发抖 5．take...for granted视……为理所当然(而对其不重视) Ⅰ.词形变化填空(每小题2分，共16分) 1．There is too much violence in the film，so we must cut the violent scenes when it is shown on TV.(violent) 2．When seeing so much evidence against him，the defendant was evidently in panic.(evident) 3．The bridge is under construction.That means it is being constructed.(construct) 4．The continuous rain has lasted for about a week，and the weather forecast says that it will continue for another 3 days.(continue) 5．These new shoes are not very comfortable though they are designed for comfort.(comfort) 6．He asked for his teacher’s forgiveness，and the teacher finally forgave him.(forgive) 7．In desperation，the soldiers took up their weapons to fight the enemy desperately.(desperate) 8．We are supposed to set up a preservation group to preserve wild animals from dying out.(preserve) Ⅱ.选词填空(每小题2分，共10分) 1．He usually wakes up at 5 o’clock every morning and then he brushes his teeth. 2．The police were busy searching the house for the stolen jewelry. 3．He takes it for granted that our parents should forgive us for whatever we have done. 4．In desperation，Mrs Jones submitted to an operation on her right knee to relieve the pain. 5．What is known to us all is that Hawking struggled against illness in his life. Ⅲ.经典句型仿写(每小题5分，共15分) 1．虽然Bernard 年龄小，但他还是想挣钱养家。(though引导的让步状语从句的倒装) Young though Bernard was，he wanted to earn money to support the family. 2．然后来了一个机会，他可以通过卖爆米花来赚钱。(then 位于句首引起的完全倒装) Then came an opportunity that he could make money by selling popcorn. 3．然而，他不知道如何做爆米花，也没有卖东西赚钱过。(nor位于句首引起的部分倒装) However，he didn’t know how to make popcorn，nor had he sold something for money. My nephew，James，is a young fellow who likes the literary works，such as fiction，poetry,1.and folk stories.He has a dream to be an actor.He is always 2.addicted(addict) to dramas and fantasy works 3.whose plots are absorbing and stimulating.Sometimes he acts in a play.Once he got a chance 4.to act(act) as an extra(群众演员)．In a scene，he wandered backwards and forwards on a frozen lake with his body 5.wrapped(wrap) in a dirty blanket, but slipped suddenly.Another time he acted as a seaman 6.sailing(sail) in the icy bay.He and his partners were chasing a whale with weapons for a whole night until the daybreak.His clothing fluttered in the cold wind and flakes of snow 7.struck(strike) him on the face.The waves were so violent that he was tossed into the water and nearly drowned.He began to sink.In 8.desperation(desperate)，he grabbed a board.He was unconscious 9.when he was saved at daybreak.What 10.an adventure! 提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇 absorbing adj.吸引人的；非常有趣的(absorb vt.吸收；理解；使专心；吸引 absorbed adj.被……吸引住；全神贯注的) •absorb oneself in全神贯注于 absorb...from...从……中吸收…… absorb...into...把……并入…… •be/get absorbed in全神贯注于 (1)The romance in the fiction was so absorbing(absorb) and touching that I was moved to tears. (2)Many small shops have been absorbed into big businesses due to the strike of the global financial crisis. (3)蜂鸟发出一声吱吱的叫声，似乎想要吸引我的注意力。(2023·浙江1月，读后续写) The hummingbird uttered a squeaking call and it seemed to try to absorb my attention. (4)汤姆全神贯注于工作，所以他忘了通知我开会的时间。 ①Tom was absorbed in/absorbed himself in his work，so he forgot to inform me of the time of the meeting. ②Absorbed in his work，Tom forgot to inform me of the time of the meeting.(形容词短语作状语) ③Absorbing himself in his work，Tom forgot to inform me of the time of the meeting.(现在分词短语作状语) submit vt.服从；提交，递交；呈递(文件等)(submission n．提交；呈递；屈服) submit sth to sb将某物提交给某人 submit (oneself) to屈从于…… (1)She sighed helplessly，“I shall give up my claim in submission(submit) to your wishes.” (2)An essay not submitted(submit) in class on the due date will lose a letter grade for each class period it is late.(2022·新课标Ⅰ) (3)(应用文写作之通知)对这次夏令营感兴趣的人必须在5月15日之前将申请书和相关资料提交给学生会。 Those who are interested in the summer camp must submit the applications and relevant materials to the Student Association by May 15. (4)大卫擦掉眼泪，高昂起头，坚定地说道：“我不会屈从于其他人的看法。” (2022·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写) David wiped his tears and held his head high，uttering determinedly，“I won’t submit (myself) to others’ thoughts.” stare vi.凝视；盯着看 stare at盯着，凝视 glare at怒视 glance at扫一眼 gaze at凝视；注目 用上面短语的适当形式填空 (1)I stared at the blank test paper，with my hands pulling the hair，totally at a loss. (2)The fellow glanced at the menu casually and ordered a steak and a cup of coffee. (3)With her chin on her hands，the girl gazed at the poet with sparkling eyes. (4)“Nonsense！” said my father angrily，glaring at me in disbelief. frozen adj.(河、湖等)结冰的；冷冻的，冷藏的；冻僵的[freeze v．(froze，frozen)(使)结冰；呆住freezing adj.冷冰冰的；极冷的] •be frozen to death冻死 •freezing cold极冷的 (1)It was an extremely cold winter’s evening and freezing(freeze) fog hung in the air. (2021·全国甲) (2)Ants live nearly everywhere，except on frozen(freeze) mountaintops and around the poles. (3)(读后续写之动作语言描写)父亲走进屋里，搓着手，跺着脚，说：“外面极冷。我差点被冻死了。” Father came into the house，rubbing his hands and stamping his feet，saying，“It is freezing cold outside.I am almost frozen to death.” (4)(读后续写之神态描写)当他听到这个消息时，他的笑容凝固了，不相信地摇着头。 When he heard the news，his smile froze，and he shook his head in disbelief. desperation n．绝望；拼命，不顾一切(desperate adj.拼命的；绝望的；渴望的desperately adv.绝望地；不顾一切地) •in desperation绝望地；不顾一切地 •be desperate for渴望得到…… be desperate to do...渴望做…… (1)My heart froze in my chest as I saw the tractor heading towards the motorway.I ran desperately(desperate) but failed to catch up.(2020·浙江) (2)(读后续写之绝望心理描写) 我绝望地摇摇晃晃地走出演讲厅，我的腿好像灌了铅。 I staggered out of the lecture hall in desperation/desperately and it seemed as if my legs were as heavy as lead. (3)听到这个坏消息，他绝望地借酒消愁。 Hearing the bad news，so desperate was he that he drowned sadness in wine.(倒装句) (4)(应用文写作之申请信)我真的非常渴望有机会被贵公司录取，如果您能尽早回复我，我将不胜感激。 I am really desperate for the opportunity to be admitted to your company and I would appreciate it a lot if you could reply to me at your earliest convenience. ease n．轻易，毫不费劲vt.减轻(痛苦、忧虑)(easy adj.容易的；不拘束的easily adv.容易地；不费力地) •with ease＝easily容易地；不费力地 feel at ease 舒适自在 put/set sb at ease使某人放松/自在 •ease sb of...使某人消除/减轻…… ease one’s mind使某人安心 (1)(话题写作之体育运动) Playing basketball serves as the best way to ease us of our great study pressure and find some pleasure at the same time. (2)(读后续写之片段描写) 因为极度紧张我的心怦怦跳，但是她的热情欢迎很快使我放松下来。她既聪明又幽默，和她在一起我感到很自在。 My heart pounded with extreme nervousness，but her warm welcome soon put/set me at ease.She was smart and humorous and I felt at ease with her. (3)(话题写作之语言学习)如果你每天坚持用英语写日记，你会很容易提高你的书面英语。 If you insist on keeping diaries in English every day，you can improve your written English with ease/easily. aboard prep.& adv.在(船，飞机，火车)上；上(船，飞机，火车)[board vt.& vi.上船(或火车，飞机，公共汽车等) n．木板；董事会；伙食 broad adj.宽阔的；广阔的 abroad adv.在/到国外；在/到海外] •go aboard上船(飞机，火车等) aboard the train/plane/ship在火车/飞机/船上 •board a ship/plane/train登上船/飞机/火车 on board在(船，车，飞机等)上 (1)(读后续写之外貌描写)他身材高大，肩膀宽阔，留着胡子，总是满面笑容。 He is tall with broad shoulders and a beard and always wears a broad smile. (2)(应用文写作之告知信)得知你将去国外深造，我写信告知你一些必要的注意事项。 Learning that you will go abroad for further study，I’m writing to inform you of some necessary do’s and don’ts. (3)她们在上车前已经互相道别，但这位母亲一直在向车上的女儿挥手，直到火车消失在视线之外。 They had said goodbye to each other before going aboard/boarding the train，but the mother kept waving hands to her daughter on board until the train went out of sight. comfort n．舒适感；满足感；安慰；令人感到安慰的人或事物 vt.安慰；抚慰(comfortable adj.舒适的；舒服的comfortably adv.舒适地 uncomfortable adj.不舒服的) •be a comfort to/for sb对某人来说是个安慰 in comfort＝comfortably舒适地 comfort zone舒适区 •comfort sb with sth用某物安慰某人 (1)We sat in the forest comfortably(comfort)，with leaves fluttering in the breeze. ＝We sat in the forest in comfort，with leaves fluttering in the breeze. (2)显然，对我们来说，在寒冷的夜晚喝一杯热牛奶真是一种安慰。 Evidently，drinking a cup of hot milk in cold nights is a real comfort to/for us. (3)只有走出舒适区，我们才能取得更大的进步。 Only if we step out of the comfort zone will we make greater progress. (4)(读后续写之动作链描写)看到我对这一幕感到不舒服，父亲站了起来，走近我，把我抱在怀里，用鼓舞人心的话语温柔地安慰我。 Seeing I was uncomfortable with the scene，my father rose to his feet，approached me and gathered me into his arms，gently comforting me with inspiring words. though引导的让步状语从句的倒装　The blow produced a sound of metal；and，incredible though it may be，it seemed as if it was made of metal plates.撞击时，这东西发出金属的声音；虽然这听起来可能令人难以置信，但它似乎是由金属板做成的。 在as/though引导的让步状语从句中，从句的表语/状语/动词原形往往提前到句首，构成部分倒装。 (1)Briefly as/though she explained，we still learned a lot from her words. (2)尽管他是个孩子，但当玉米收获时，他尽了自己的责任。 Child as/though he was，he did his part when the corn was harvested. (3)虽然我们筋疲力尽，但我们感到非常高兴和自豪，眼睛里闪烁着喜悦的光芒。 (2020·全国Ⅱ，书面表达) Exhausted as/though we were，we felt very jocund and proud，with our eyes twinkling with great glee. (4)(读后续写之悲伤心理描写)尽管我尽力了，但我失败了，一阵绝望席卷了我的全身。 Try as/though I might，I failed and a wave of desperation swept across me. 用法点拨　如果位于句首的是作表语的单数可数名词，名词前不加冠词。 nor 位于句首引起的部分倒装　I couldn’t say where I was，nor could I imagine. 我说不出我在哪里，我也无法想象。 表示前文所说的情况也适用于后者时，用倒装结构“so/neither/nor＋助动词/系动词/情态动词＋主语”。注意三个一致： •逻辑一致：如果前文是肯定句，后文用so引导。如果前文是否定句，后文用neither/nor引导。 •人称一致：即so/neither/nor之后的助动词/系动词要和主语的人称和数保持一致。 •助动词一致：so/neither/nor之后的助动词/系动词要和前面句子中所使用的助动词/系动词类型保持一致。 (1)Unfortunately，I slipped at the entrance to the park，so did my brother. (2)I haven’t submitted my application form，neither/nor has Tom. (3)教练对比赛结果不满意，球员们也不满意。 The coach was not satisfied with the result of their competition，neither/nor were the players. 提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇 Ⅰ.一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍 1．sweep (1)He helplessly watched the wave sweep his cap away. B (2)He was the only man to sweep the diving gold medals in two consecutive Olympics. D (3)The boy helped his mother sweep away the dirt on the floor. A (4)We need to sweep away all obstacles on our roads to success. C 2．slip A.vi.滑倒，滑落　B.vi.悄悄疾行，溜走　 C.vt.迅速放置，悄悄塞进　D.vi.下降，退步　E.n.差错，疏漏　F.n.纸条，便条　 G.vi.忘记 (1)You don’t need to apologize for a minor slip.(2020·新课标Ⅰ) E (2)When the sun slipped behind the mountains，it shed a rosy glow all around them.(2022·全国乙) B (3)Due to addiction to playing computer games，the boy’s marks at school slipped sharply. D (4)When he looked down，he accidentally slipped and fell over the edge.(2022·新课标Ⅱ) A (5)I managed to slip a few jokes into my speech. C (6)I wrote it down on a slip of paper in case I forgot. F (7)Simply keeping a diary that keeps track of friends’ birthdays and other important dates will make sure nothing slips by you.(2022·全国乙) G 3．absorb (1)One hectare of forest can absorb 23 tons of carbon dioxide per year. A (2)In fact，most people only absorb about 20 percent of a speaker’s message.(2020·新课标Ⅰ) B (3)That country had absorbed the small states into her empire. D (4)Adults are portrayed(描绘) alone in many settings and poses—absorbed in a volume，deep in thought or lost in a moment of leisure.(2023·新课标Ⅱ) C 4．快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的意思 (1)Dark clouds blanketed the summit of the mountain.vt.覆盖 (2)The river wanders through some beautiful countries.vi.蜿蜒 (3)Mr Smith is not available now，for he’s just gone to fetch the kids from school.vt.去请/接(某人) (4)Steve looked blank and said he had no idea what I was talking about.adj.茫然的；不理解的 (5)You rarely see boats on this stretch of the river because the current is very fast.n.一段；一片 (6)Jenna threw the burnt piece into the sink and put in the other slice of bread.(2021·新课标Ⅰ)n.水槽 (7)Sitting on a branch，he inched towards it and blew smoke from his torch into a tiny hole in the hive.(2023·浙江1月)vi.缓慢移动 Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识 1．The fiction was so absorbing(absorb) that I was entirely fascinated by it. 2．The lawyer stares at her as if to see if there are some flaws in her evidence. 3．Discussing your issues and resolving them instead of stuffing them down can improve your emotional(emotion) health.(2021·北京) 4．The girl who is hungry and thirsty is desperate for some food and water. 5．All the applicants have submitted relevant materials to the personnel department. 6．The first time I came to this school，I was frozen(freeze) with shock facing the new surroundings. 7．Children，on the other hand，have no idea that insect population has dropped dramatically (dramatic)．(2023·北京) 8.Altogether，you shouldn’t take it for granted that you are sure to be employed because you look intelligent. 9．High though/as his salary was，he was quite thrifty and only spent money on necessities. 10．Good appearance can’t guarantee you a decent salary，nor can a bachelor’s degree. 假定你是李华，你的新西兰朋友Terry对中国的四大名著非常感兴趣，发邮件请你推荐一部进行阅读。请你回复邮件，内容包括： 1.乐于推荐； 2.推荐一部作品并说明理由。 参考词汇：《红楼梦》Dream of the Red Chamber　《西游记》Journey to the West　《水浒传》Outlaws of the Marsh　《三国演义》The Romance of the Three Kingdoms 完成句子 1．得知你很想了解中国文学的四大名著，我写信向你推荐《红楼梦》。(long to do...；分词短语作状语) ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 2．这本书引人入胜，吸引了全世界的人。(so...that...倒装句；stimulating；absorbing) ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 3．这部以清代为背景的小说是著名小说家曹雪芹所著，在中国文学史上具有重要意义。(过去分词短语作状语；定语从句；setting) ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 4．特别吸引人的是，它包含了许多优美的中国古典诗歌，我相信这些诗歌对你的汉语有益。(定语从句) ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 5．虽然这对外国人来说可能有点困难，但我相信，你一开始读它就会吸引你。(as/though引导让步状语从句) ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 组句成篇 把以上句子用适当的过渡词语和过渡句组成一篇80词左右的短文。 ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 参考范文 Dear Terry， Knowing that you long to learn about the Four Great Masterpieces of Chinese Literature，I am writing to recommend Dream of the Red Chamber to you.So absorbing and stimulating is the book that it has attracted people all over the world. Written by the famous novelist Cao Xueqin，the novel whose setting is in the Qing Dynasty is of great significance in the history of Chinese literature.Especially attractive is that it contains many graceful classical Chinese poems，which I believe will be beneficial to your Chinese. A little difficult as/though it may be for foreigners，I am confident that it will appeal to you the moment you start it.I sincerely hope that you enjoy reading this novel and can share your feelings and opinions with me. Yours， Li Hua 教材语料整合 亮词 [情感描写]　romance；dramatic；contradictory；logic；disbelief；glee；jocund；gay；pensive；bliss；violent；desperation；sink；unconscious；blank；sprightly [环境描写]　absorbing；icy；vine；frozen；breeze；bay；sparkling；daybreak [动作描写]　submit；stare；sail；slip；inch；wander；sweep；flutter；twinkle；glance；gaze；grab；drown；strike；utter 美句 1.In November，a cold，unseen stranger，whom the doctors called Pneumonia，arrived in Greenwich Village.(拟人手法) 2．...she lay，barely moving，in her bed staring at a blank wall under her blanket.(动作描写) 3．What’s more，a cold rain was falling，mixed with snow.(环境描写) 4．Didn’t you wonder why it never moved an inch when the wind blew？(反问句) 5．“Help，help！” I shouted，swimming towards the boat in desperation.(情感描写) 6．It seemed to me as if a cry answered him.(拟人手法) 7．I had almost no strength left；my fingers could hardly move；my mouth，opening and closing，filled with salt water.I became colder and colder.I raised my head for the last time，then I sank.(动作链描写) 8．The countryside there is wild，natural and beautiful.(环境描写) 拓展语料积累　动作细节描写：动“手臂” 单词 hug v．/n.拥抱；wave v．挥舞(手臂)；raise v．举起，抬起 词块 wave one’s arms 挥动双臂；fold one’s arms 某人双臂交叉；hold out/open one’s arms 某人伸出/张开双臂；pull/gather sb into one’s arms 把某人拉/抱在怀中；put/throw one’s arms around sb搂住某人；take one’s arm挽住某人的胳膊；catch/grab one’s arm抓住某人的胳膊；with crossed arms双臂交叉；arm in arm手挽手，臂挽臂 句型 He stood there with crossed arms，looking angry.他双臂交叉站在那里，看起来很生气。 They are sure to welcome you with open arms.他们一定会张开双臂欢迎你的。 Walking in front of us were two cute twin sisters，arm in arm.两个可爱的双胞胎姐妹手挽着手走在我们前面。 Stunned，I stood up and gave her a grateful hug/hugged her in gratitude.我很惊讶，站起来感激地拥抱了她。 He parked down the street not far from Bobby’s house，and rushed to his front door，waving wildly inwards.他把车停在离鲍比家不远的街上，冲到前门，疯狂地向里挥手。 语料运用　主题：文学创作 Encouraged by my literature teacher，I decided to create my own literary work—an absorbing adventure story ①in which a boy was attracted by fantasies and set off on a sail to explore the world(定语从句)．During his journey，he ②experienced a series of dramatic and thrilling incidents and made a lot of joyful friends.The moral I wanted to convey was love and friendship.The moment I finished the structure，③I submitted it to my teacher，hoping he could polish it for me.When he stared at my script，④his sparkling eyes twinkled with bliss and excitement.After a while，he raised his eyes from my story，⑤gazed at me gently and ⑥gathered me in his arms，exclaiming，“Unbelievable！Never have I read a better story！” Stunned，I ⑦gave him a grateful hug/hugged him in gratitude，and then ⑧a wave of glee surged in my heart.After all，I made a good start on my literary road. 在文学老师的鼓励下，我决定创作自己的文学作品——一个引人入胜的冒险故事，故事中一个男孩被幻想所吸引，扬帆探索世界。在旅途中，他经历了一系列惊心动魄的事件，交了很多快乐的朋友。我想传达的寓意是爱和友谊。一完成故事框架，我就把它交给了我的老师，希望他能为我修改润色。仔细看着我的手稿，他闪闪发光的眼睛闪烁着幸福和兴奋。过了一会儿，他从我的故事中抬起眼睛，温和地凝视着我，边把我拉入他怀中，边惊呼：“太难以置信了！我从来没有读过比这更好的故事！”我惊呆了，感激地拥抱了他，紧接着一阵喜悦涌上了我的心头。毕竟，我在文学道路上有了一个不错的开端。 高考题型组合练(1) Ⅰ.阅读理解 A(★) The literary world has a new star.Novelist Abdulrazak Gurnah is this year’s winner of the Nobel Prize in literature in recognition of his “compassionate penetration(深入探索) of the effects of colonialism(殖民主义)and the fate of the refugee”． Gurnah grew up in Zanzibar，an island off the coast of Tanzania.In 1964，Gurnah was forced to leave for England as a refugee，where he began to reflect on his experiences in a diary and then through stories.Through the years，he wrote 10 novels and stories that explore the suffering caused by war and colonialism.“The thing that motivated the whole experience of writing for me was this idea of losing your place in the world，” Gurnah told The New York Times. His 1994 novel Paradise，which tells the story of a boy growing up in early 20th century Tanzania，marked his breakthrough as a novelist and won the Booker Prize.Afterlives，his most recent work，continues the narrative of Paradise and takes place during the period of German colonialism in Tanzania. Before he retired，Gurnah,73，was a professor of English and Postcolonial Literatures at the University of Kent in England.Although Gurnah’s first language is Swahili，he adopted English as his literary language.His writing often contains traces of Arabic，Swahili and German，as well. Anders Olsson，the chair of the Nobel committee，said that Gurnah “is widely recognized as one of the world’s more preeminent postcolonial writers”． Ethiopian-American novelist Maaza Mengiste described Gurnah’s writings as being “like a gentle blade(刀刃) slowly moving in”．“He has written work that is absolutely unfearing and yet at the same time completely compassionate and full of heart for people of East Africa，” Mengiste said.“He is writing stories that are often quiet stories of people who aren’t heard，but there’s an insistence there that we listen.” 语篇解读　本文为一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了诺贝尔文学奖获得者——小说家Abdulrazak Gurnah的作品内容、写作背景及别人对他的作品的评价等。 1．What are Gurnah’s works mainly about? A．The life of the people in Tanzania. B．Effects of war and colonialism. C．Experiences of living abroad. D．Growth in an underdeveloped nation. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中“Novelist Abdulrazak Gurnah is this year’s winner of the Nobel Prize in literature in recognition of his ‘compassionate penetration(深入探索) of the effects of colonialism(殖民主义) and the fate of the refugee’．”可知，Gurnah的作品主要与战争和殖民主义的影响有关。故选B。 2．What can we know about Gurnah? A．He was inspired to write by his refugee experience. B．He used to be a professor of law and literature. C．He publishes his works in Arabic and Swahili. D．He was not well-known until he won the Nobel Prize. 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。根据第二段中“In 1964，Gurnah was forced to leave for England as a refugee，where he began to reflect on his experiences in a diary and then through stories.”及“The thing that motivated the whole experience of writing for me was this idea of losing your place in the world.”可推知，Gurnah的难民经历激发了他写作的灵感。故选A。 3．What does Maaza Mengiste think of Gurnah’s writing? A．It is elegantly written in his native language. B．It is widely welcomed by people around the world. C．It is powerful and employs sharp language. D．It calls for attention to the life of the underclass. 答案　D 解析　观点态度题。根据最后一段中“He has written work that is absolutely unfearing and yet at the same time completely compassionate and full of heart for people of East Africa.”可知，Maaza Mengiste认为Gurnah的作品呼吁人们关注底层社会的生活。故选D。 4．What does the underlined word “preeminent” in paragraph 5 probably mean? A．Awful. B．Potential. C．Outstanding. D．Particular. 答案　C 解析　词义猜测题。根据第一段中“Novelist Abdulrazak Gurnah is this year’s winner of the Nobel Prize in literature...”以及第五段中“Gurnah ‘is widely recognized...’”可知，Gurnah是一位优秀的作家，获得了诺贝尔文学奖，被全世界认可。故选C。 B(★) (2024·广东深圳联考) From cottages surrounded by impressive gardens to days spent exploring sandy beaches and deep woods filled with wildlife，in My Family and Other Animals，English writer Gerald Durrell provided a vivid account of his family’s time on the Greek island of Corfu in the 1930s. Come for the arresting descriptions of Corfu landscapes and stay for Durrell’s laugh-out-loud tales of his unusual family.This book，Durrell wrote humorously in the introduction，“was intended to be a nostalgic(怀旧的) account of natural history，but in the first few pages，I_made_the_mistake_of_introducing_my_family.” Durrell，later known for his zoo keeping and the preservation of wildlife，was just a child during his family’s five-year stay in Corfu.He is 10-year-old Gerry in the book—curious，passionate about animals and a detailed storyteller of his strange family：his imaginative elder brother Larry with his literary ambitions，love-struck sister Margo，sporty brother Leslie and his ever-calm，loving mother. Durrell’s attention to detail is what makes the book so winning，with every sight，sound and smell of the island brought to life.One minute you’ll be laughing as Larry’s clever literary friends walk down to the daffodil-yellow cottage，the next you’ll be catching your breath as Durrell describes swimming at night in the Ionian Sea：“Lying on my back in the silky water，staring at the sky，only moving my hands and feet slightly，I was looking at the Milky Way stretching like a silk scarf across the sky and wondering how many stars it contained.” My Family and Other Animals is quite difficult to classify，being one part travel，one part autobiography，one part natural history，and one part comedy，with a thread of descriptive language running throughout that sometimes raises it nearly to poetry. As a real delight to read，it’s the perfect literary escapism for any adult or older teenager who is currently walking down a tough road in life. 语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章推荐了英国作家杰拉尔德·达雷尔的一本书——《追逐阳光之岛》。 5．Which word best describes Durrell’s life in Corfu? A．Risky. B．Busy. C．Tough. D．Diverse. 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据第一段“From cottages surrounded by impressive gardens to days spent exploring sandy beaches and deep woods filled with wildlife，in My Family and Other Animals，English writer Gerald Durrell provided a vivid account of his family’s time on the Greek island of Corfu in the 1930s.”可推知，达雷尔在科孚岛的生活是多样的。故选D。 6．What does the underlined sentence mean in paragraph 2? A．I introduced my family by mistake. B．I shouldn’t have introduced my family. C．I couldn’t help introducing my family. D．I gave wrong information about my family. 答案　C 解析　句意理解题。根据语境和画线句前文“This book，Durrell wrote humorously in the introduction，‘was intended to be a nostalgic(怀旧的) account of natural history，but...’”可知，达雷尔是以幽默的口吻说的这句话。从而推知画线句意为“我情不自禁地介绍了自己的家人”。故选C。 7．What are paragraphs 4 and 5 mainly about? A．The book’s writing features. B．Durrell’s rich imagination. C．Some interesting plots of the book. D．Some vivid descriptions of the island. 答案　A 解析　段落大意题。根据第四段中“Durrell’s attention to detail is what makes the book so winning，with every sight，sound and smell of the island brought to life.”和第五段“My Family and Other Animals is quite difficult to classify，being one part travel，one part autobiography，one part natural history，and one part comedy，with a thread of descriptive language running throughout that sometimes raises it nearly to poetry.”可知，这两段主要介绍了这本书的写作特点。故选A。 8．What is the purpose of this text? A．To share an experience. B．To recommend a book. C．To introduce a writing style. D．To describe an unusual place. 答案　B 解析　写作意图题。通读全文，尤其根据最后一段“As a real delight to read，it’s the perfect literary escapism for any adult or older teenager who is currently walking down a tough road in life.”可知，这篇文章的目的是推荐《追逐阳光之岛》这本书。故选B。 C ChatGPT is an advanced AI chatbot trained by OpenAI which interacts in a conversational way.The dialogue form makes it possible for ChatGPT to answer follow-up questions，admit its mistakes，challenge incorrect premises，and reject improper requests. It has reached 100 million users just two months after launching，according to analysts.ChatGPT has taken the world by storm since it launched.The AI chatbot answers questions online in text format in a human-like way，and it can also write its responses in different styles，for example，that of a student writing an essay. GPT technology can help people write code quickly and accurately with the help of natural language.GPT can take a text prompt and generate code that is tailored to the given task.This technology has the potential to cut down development time，as it can generate code quickly and accurately.It can also help reduce the risk of errors，as GPT is capable of generating code that can be tested and used immediately. Some teachers are worried about how many of their pupils are using it to do their homework and have written to parents warning them about it.Others say they can spot its essay，and there are now tools being released which claim to be able to differentiate(区别) human text from that written by artificial intelligence. But the cat is out of the bag，and now the International Baccalaureate(国际文凭项目)，or IB for short，says its students can take advantage of the tech，just like using a calculator to work out a maths problem，as long as they admit to it by both crediting ChatGPT in the text and adding a reference note at the end. It’s good news for students，but ChatGPT’s knowledge database only goes up to September 2021，so it’s not very useful on topical subjects，and as it gets its information from the Internet，it can also be inaccurate. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了ChatGPT的功能及其影响，同时也分析了其弊端。 9．What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A．The potential of ChatGPT. B．How to use ChatGPT. C．The benefits of ChatGPT. D．How to generate code. 答案　C 解析　段落大意题。根据第三段首句“GPT technology can help people write code quickly and accurately with the help of natural language.”及末句“It can also help reduce the risk of errors，as GPT is capable of generating code that can be tested and used immediately.”可知，本段主要讲的是ChatGPT的好处。故选C。 10．Why do some teachers write to parents? A．ChatGPT makes academics to be honest. B．ChatGPT can write without recognition. C．The content of ChatGPT is entirely new. D．Many pupils use ChatGPT to do homework. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Some teachers are worried about how many of their pupils are using it to do their homework and have written to parents warning them about it.”可知，老师们写信告知家长以防学生使用ChatGPT做作业。故选D。 11．What can we know from what IB says about ChatGPT? A．It can be used under certain conditions. B．Teachers can tell human text from that by AI. C．Its knowledge database is updated to this day. D．Pupils use it to do homework without thinking. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第五段中的“...the International Baccalaureate(国际文凭项目)．..says its students can take advantage of the tech，just like using...as long as they admit to it by both crediting ChatGPT in the text and adding a reference note at the end.”可知，IB允许学生使用ChatGPT，只要他们承认使用了ChatGPT并在最后参考文献中说明，即IB允许学生在一定条件下使用ChatGPT。故选A。 12．What is the author’s attitude towards students’ using ChatGPT? A．Subjective. B．Supportive. C．Indifferent. D．Objective. 答案　D 解析　观点态度题。根据末段内容可知，作者认为IB允许学生在一定条件下使用ChatGPT是好消息，但也指出其知识库更新没那么及时，所提供的信息未必正确，由此可知，作者是客观地评价ChatGPT。故选D。 Ⅱ.七选五 Sustainability for kids can start with a seed.We put together some ways to involve the whole family in protecting the environment. Go on a hike.Parental involvement in early childhood education looks different in various settings from preschool to home and to the grocery store.__1__ Going on a hike together can be an ideal thing to investigate a local ecosystem，look for signs of the changing season，and gain an overall appreciation of the world outdoors.Plus，by bringing an extra garbage bag and gloves to pick up trash along the way，parents can show kids some educational activities. Go green for holidays.Make holidays fun while also supporting a green environment for kids.Use LED lights for decorative lighting.__2__ Decrease your carbon footprint and purchase holiday gifts from local shops. __3__ Parents don’t need an acre of land to teach their children that food doesn’t grow at the grocery store.All they need is sunlight，water and dirt.A windowsill is the perfect spot to grow herbs.A back deck can grow beautiful tomatoes.Plant peach seeds in a small container.__4__ Recycle together.Recycling activities for kids can be fun and support family involvement in education at the same time.__5__ Then work with them to make something new out of the recycled items，such as making boxes out of recycled cardboard and storage tins out of recycled cans. A．Plant a “garden”． B．Don’t buy food from the grocery. C．Protecting the environment for kids is important. D．Parents should tell children what they can recycle. E．And the children can watch a little peach tree grow. F．Recycle Christmas trees instead of throwing them away. G．To a child，every setting and every moment can be a teachable one. 1．答案　G 解析　空前一句说明父母可以在不同的环境中教育孩子，G项“对孩子来说，每一个环境和每一个时刻都是能学(东西)的”承接上文。故选G。 2．答案　F 解析　上文“Go green for holidays.”说明在假期进行的活动要绿色环保，F项“回收圣诞树，而不是扔掉它们”具体介绍假期时的绿色环保的行为，呼应上文。故选F。 3．答案　A 解析　空处位于段首，为本段主旨句，应概括本段内容。根据下文内容可知，父母可以教给孩子不需要太多的土地就可以在家中的不同地方种植不同的植物，并列举了药草、西红柿和桃树的例子。A项“种植一个‘园圃’”可以概括本段内容，符合题意。故选A。 4．答案　E 解析　上文“Plant peach seeds in a small container.”说明可以让孩子在小的容器内种下桃树种子，E项中peach tree是关键词，E项“孩子们可以看着一棵小桃树长大”承接上文，符合题意。故选E。 5．答案　D 解析　空前一句说明父母可以带孩子进行回收活动，空后一句说明具体的回收活动方式，D项中recycle是关键词，D项“父母应该告诉孩子他们可以回收什么”承上启下，故选D。 高考题型组合练(2) Ⅰ.阅读理解 A(★) What does it mean to cry over a book？“I’m a reader who did not weep.” Ruth Graham，a well-known critic，wrote.“Does this make me heartless？Or does it make me a grown-up？” Tears have played a surprisingly important part in the history of the novel.Readers have always asked about the role that emotion plays in reading：What does it mean to be deeply moved by a book？Which books are worthy objects of our feelings? In different times，people answered those questions in different ways.In the 18th century，when the novel was still a new form，crying was a sign of readers’ virtue.“Sentimental” novels，full of touching scenes，gave readers an occasion to exercise their “finer feelings”．Your tear proved your susceptibility(易感性) to the suffering of others. At that time，sentimental novels were hugely popular，but also easy to attack.Tears，after all，had no necessary connection to actual virtue，and they could be fake.There could also be too many of them.As the critic John Mullan points out，by the end of the eighteenth century，the word “sentimental” had acquired a new meaning “addicted to indulgence(沉溺) in superficial(肤浅的) emotion”—bringing it closer to the meaning that it has for us today. In the 19th century the meaning of tears evolved in two different directions.Some writers sought to waken “higher” feelings in their readers: Victorian sentimentalists wrote touching scenes in an effort to inspire social and political reform.However，the “sensation” novel，a different type of Victorian best-seller，showed that tears could be enjoyable in themselves.Sensation novels were the forerunners(先导) of the modern thriller and mystery.Heavy on secrets，and madness，they were known for creating physical “sensations” in their readers—trembling，a fast beating heart，and tears.But these were tears without moral purpose or effect. Today’s debate about crying while reading looks back on all of this history.The debate，in fact，is about why books matter to us，and what reading is “for”．Talking about what makes us cry is a way of talking about ourselves. 1．What was people’s attitude towards crying over novels in the early 18th century? A．Doubtful. B．Positive. C．Unclearing. D．Worried. 答案　B 解析　观点态度题。根据第三段中“In the 18th century，when the novel was still a new form，crying was a sign of readers’ virtue.”和第四段中“At that time，sentimental novels were hugely popular”可推知，18世纪初，人们对看小说时哭持积极的态度。故选B。 2．What can we know about “sensation” novels according to paragraph 5? A．They were similar to the modern thriller and mystery. B．They were the same as sentimental novels. C．They were aimed for social and political reform. D．They were intended to amuse the readers. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第五段的“Sensation novels were the forerunners(先导) of the modern thriller and mystery.”可知，刺激小说与现代惊悚悬疑片相似。故选A。 3．How does the author present this text? A．By providing examples. B．By making comparisons. C．By following the order of time. D．By following the order of importance. 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据第三段的“In the 18th century(在18世纪)”、倒数第二段的“In the 19th century(在19世纪)”以及最后一段的“Today’s(今天的)”可知，文章是按照时间发展顺序呈现的。故选C。 4．What’s the best title for the text? A．Crying While Reading Through Centuries B．The History of the Novel C．Sentimental Novels & Sensation Novels D．Why Books Matter to Us 答案　A 解析　标题归纳题。根据第一段中“What does it mean to cry over a book？”、第二段中“Tears have played a surprisingly important part in the history of the novel.Readers have always asked about the role...？”和第三段中“In different times，people answered those questions in different ways.”可知，本文讲述了历史上不同时代的人们对于伤感小说的不同观点，因此最佳标题是A选项“Crying While Reading Through Centuries”。故选A。 B A new study found some primates(灵长类) are leaving their tree homes and spending more time on the ground.Led by Timothy Eppley，PhD，scientists studied nearly 50 species of monkeys and lemurs(狐猴) to look at the reason behind these changes. About 15 years ago，Eppley worked with southern bamboo lemurs，which were known to spend most of their days in the trees，feeding on bamboo leaves.However，he was surprised to find these lemurs were spending most time on the ground and had an incredibly diverse diet.He wondered whether habitat reduction and limited food resource availability were driving them to move to the ground.This inspired him to begin this study. He reached out to every researcher he could find who may have significant data on primates from Madagascar or the Americas，the two places with almost all tree-dwelling primates. Eppley examined more than 150,000 hours of data observed on 32 monkey species and 15 lemur species at 68 sites.He found that they spent an average of only 2.5% of their time on the ground each month.But the findings showed some interesting differences. “As habitats are degraded and the climate worsens，primates that are flexible enough to adapt because of their diverse diets or live in larger groups may be more likely to shift to life on the ground，” Eppley says.“However，other species that rely on fruit diets or live in small groups are less adaptable and are less willing to leave the trees.For these species，we will still need to enforce fast and effective conservation strategies to ensure their survival.” Although moving to the ground has some advantages in certain situations，primates can face problems when they leave the trees.They can become victims of other animals and diseases.Besides，they will be faced with finding appropriate food resources on the ground，thus having a broad or flexible diet is important.Primates are important seed spreaders within their forest habitats.The loss of primates would lead to negative effects on the ecosystem. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项科学研究发现：因为森林的破坏以及气候变化使得一些灵长类动物被迫选择了到地面生活。 5．Why did Timothy Eppley begin his study? A．To try to make primates more adaptive. B．To study how monkeys differ from lemurs. C．To figure out the reason for the loss of bamboo. D．To find out why primates are turning to the ground. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。由第一段第二句和第二段中“He wondered whether habitat reduction and limited food resource availability were driving them to move to the ground.This inspired him to begin this study.”可知，Timothy Eppley开始研究是想找出灵长类动物选择地面生活的原因。故选D。 6．How did Timothy Eppley carry out his research? A．By doing experiments. B．By observing in the wild. C．By studying collected data. D．By interviewing the locals. 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。第四段讲到“Eppley examined more than 150,000 hours of data observed on 32 monkey species and 15 lemur species at 68 sites.”可知，Eppley通过分析收集到的数据进行这项研究。故选C。 7．Which kind of primates are more likely to come down from trees? A．Those eating diverse diets. B．Those with a large size. C．Those feeding mainly on fruits. D．Those living in small groups. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。第五段讲到“primates that are flexible enough to adapt because of their diverse diets or live in larger groups may be more likely to shift to life on the ground”可知，那些饮食多样化的灵长类动物更倾向于到地面生活。故选A。 8．What will become a concern according to the study? A．Animals will become less adaptive. B．The forest ecosystem will become worse. C．More natural habitats will be lost. D．More animal-related diseases will appear. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。最后一段讲到“Primates are important seed spreaders within their forest habitats.The loss of primates would lead to negative effects on the ecosystem.”可知，在森林里灵长类动物是植物种子的重要传播者，如果它们到地面上栖息，将会影响森林的生态系统。故选B。 Ⅱ.完形填空 For a little girl growing up in Colombia，a science career with NASA may seem impossible.Trujillo，however，is an aerospace __1__ who leads a team at the NASA laboratory __2__ for the robotic arm of the latest Mars rover(火星探测器)． How did Trujillo go from simply dreaming about the universe to __3__ exploring it？That’s a tale of __4__ written in the stars. Born in 1983，even as a young girl Trujillo was __5__ of her passion for science.But she doubted how far she’d be able to __6__ in a male-dominated field.Then her dad offered to send her to Miami.Only 17 at the time，she __7__ the offer. Trujillo took a series of housekeeping __8__ to put herself through Miami Dade College.Sometimes she was cleaning bathrooms to help pay her way through her __9__.But she didn’t __10__.“I saw everything coming my way as an opportunity.” Then came another life-changing moment.She became the first Hispanic(西班牙语国家的) woman to be __11__ to the NASA Academy.Later，she became an engineer at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center. This February，when the Perseverance rover __12__ on the surface of Mars，it was __13__ by commentary(解说) from Trujillo in NASA’s first-ever Spanish-language __14__. Trujillo’s own story is __15__ that just beyond the barrier lies an entire universe of opportunities waiting for anyone willing to work hard enough to reach for the stars. 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Trujillo凭借努力和毅力一步步成为美国宇航局的工程师的故事。 1．A.astronaut B．pilot C．engineer D．guide 答案　C 解析　根据第五段的“Later，she became an engineer at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center.”可知，Trujillo是一名工程师。故选C。 2．A.eager B．responsible C．concerned D．grateful 答案　B 解析　be responsible for负责……。根据“leads a team at the NASA laboratory”可知，此处指Trujillo领导的团队负责最新火星探测器的机械臂。故选B。 3．A.actually B．hardly C．accurately D．repeatedly 答案　A 解析　根据“go from simply dreaming about the universe”并结合她成为航天工程师可知，此处指Trujillo从梦想探索宇宙变成真正地探索宇宙。故选A。 4．A.innovation B．kindness C．passion D．sympathy 答案　C 解析　innovation创新；kindness善良；passion热情；sympathy同情。根据下文“even as a young girl Trujillo was ________ of her passion for science”可知，此处表达她的整个经历充满了激情。故选C。 5．A.certain B．approved C．afraid D．fond 答案　A 解析　根据上文“How did Trujillo go from simply dreaming about the universe to ________ exploring it？”可知，她一直梦想着探索宇宙，结合此句中的even可知，此处表示甚至在她还很小时，就确定了对科学的追求和喜爱。故选A。 6．A.respond B．rise C．invest D．apply 答案　B 解析　根据“in a male-dominated field”可知，在这样一个男性主导的领域里，Trujillo不知道自己的努力和坚持让自己能走多远，地位能提高多少。故选B。 7．A.made up B．turned up C．picked up D．took up 答案　D 解析　make up编造；turn up出现，调大；pick up捡起，学会；take up接受(建议或主意)。下文“to put herself through Miami Dade College”提到她在迈阿密上大学，所以此处表示她接受了爸爸让她去迈阿密的提议。故选D。 8．A.measures B．activities C．jobs D．courses 答案　C 解析　根据“to put herself through Miami Dade College”可知，她给别人做家务活，也就是通过家务工作挣钱让自己完成学业。故选C。 9．A.studies B．purchases C．recreations D．trips 答案　A 解析　根据“Sometimes she was cleaning bathrooms”可知，Trujillo通过打扫浴室挣钱帮助自己完成学业。故选A。 10．A.clarify B．fear C．perceive D．complain 答案　D 解析　clarify阐明；fear害怕；perceive认为；complain抱怨。根据“I saw everything coming my way as an opportunity”可知，她把遇到的一切都当作机会，所以尽管学习很辛苦，但是她不抱怨。故选D。 11．A.applied B．admitted C．assigned D．introduced 答案　B 解析　be admitted to被……录取。根据“Then came another life-changing moment.”可知，Trujillo是被美国宇航局学院录取，这是她人生的另一个转折点。故选B。 12．A.originated B．generated C．landed D．waited 答案　C 解析　根据“on the surface of Mars”可知，此处表示“毅力号”在火星表面着陆。故选C。 13．A.accompanied B．distracted C．estimated D．occupied 答案　A 解析　accompany陪伴，伴随；distract分散；estimate估计；occupy占据。根据“by commentary(解说) from Trujillo in NASA’s first-ever Spanish-language ________”可知，此处表示的是“毅力号”着陆时，同时伴随着广播中Trujillo的西班牙语的解说。故选A。 14．A.theory B．broadcast C．comment D．performance 答案　B 解析　根据“it was ________ by commentary(解说) from Trujillo in NASA’s first-ever Spanish-language”可知，“毅力号”在火星着陆时，广播播报Trujillo用西班牙语所做的解说。故选B。 15．A.career B．information C．competence D．proof 答案　D 解析　根据“...willing to work hard enough to reach for the stars”可知，她的故事是一种证据，表明只要越过障碍，就有一个充满机遇的宇宙在等待着任何愿意努力工作去实现远大梦想的人。故选D。 Ⅲ.语法填空 In Ningbo city，a young woman has made the bamboo product brand of her family’s company famous around the world,1.____________(help) a fair number of bamboo farmers increase their income. Wang Xiaoqing，born in the 1990s,2.____________(find) that in the US，Chinese bamboo products were popular among customers,3.____________ many of them carried foreign brands，despite China being the “kingdom of bamboos”．She decided to return to China and build a bamboo product brand after finishing her education abroad in 2013. In 2018，a bamboo table 4.____________(produce) by the company of Wang’s family shined at the first Global Bamboo Congress.“5.____________ fascinates westerners is the Chinese bamboo culture and its long history.It provides a sound foundation for the global 6.____________(expand) of China’s bamboo industry，” Wang said.Her company is 7.____________(current) engaged in the design，manufacturing and sales of bamboo products.It produces over 10 million bamboo products each year,85 percent of which 8.____________(sell) in the global market. Serving 9.____________ vice president of the entrepreneurship promotion association for returned overseas students in Ningbo city，Wang plans to contribute more to rural vitalization.“I hope that we can turn villages into more beautiful places and make villagers get 10.____________(rich)，” Wang said. 语篇解读　这是一篇记叙文，介绍了宁波市的年轻女企业家王骁晴将其公司的竹制品销往世界，帮助竹农增加收入。 1．答案　helping 解析　考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，空格处作结果状语，动词help和逻辑主语a young woman之间是主动关系，应使用现在分词形式。故填helping。 2．答案　found 解析　考查动词时态。分析句子可知，空格处为句子谓语部分，根据下文“She decided to return to China”可知表示过去发生的动作，应使用一般过去时。故填found。 3．答案　but 解析　考查连词。分析句子可知，空格处缺少连词连接前后两个句子，此处表示转折，应使用连词but。故填but。 4．答案　produced 解析　考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，空格处为后置定语修饰名词table，且主语与动词produce之间是逻辑上的被动关系，应使用过去分词形式。故填produced。 5．答案　What 解析　考查主语从句。分析句子可知，空格处引导主语从句且在该从句中作主语，表示“物”，应使用连接代词what，位于句首首字母大写，故填What。 6．答案　expansion 解析　考查名词。分析句子可知，空格处为介词for的宾语，应使用名词形式，再根据句意可知应使用单数形式。故填expansion。 7．答案　currently 解析　考查副词。分析句子可知，空格处作状语修饰动词engaged，应使用副词形式。故填currently。 8．答案　are sold 解析　考查动词时态、语态及主谓一致。分析句子可知，空格处为定语从句的谓语部分，动词和主语是被动关系，应使用被动语态，根据前文“produces”可知，应使用一般现在时的被动语态形式，且先行词products为复数形式，故填are sold。 9．答案　as 解析　考查介词。固定短语serve as“作为”，故填as。 10．答案　richer 解析　考查形容词比较级。根据and前面的“more beautiful places”可知，空格处为并列结构，此处应使用比较级。故填richer。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $